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“I Go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence
“I go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by James Robert Griffin August 2021 ©Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by James Robert Griffin B.S., Kent State University, 2019 M.A., Kent State University, 2021 Approved by Kim M. Gruenwald , Advisor Kevin Adams , Chair, Department of History Mandy Munro-Stasiuk , Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………...……iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………v INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………..1 CHAPTERS I. Building a Colony: Austin leads the Texans Through the Difficulty of Settling Texas….9 Early Colony……………………………………………………………………………..11 The Fredonian Rebellion…………………………………………………………………19 The Law of April 6, 1830………………………………………………………………..25 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….32 II. Time of Struggle: Austin Negotiates with the Conventions of 1832 and 1833………….35 Civil War of 1832………………………………………………………………………..37 The Convention of 1833…………………………………………………………………47 Austin’s Arrest…………………………………………………………………………...52 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….59 III. Two Wars: Austin Guides the Texans from Rebellion to Independence………………..61 Imprisonment During a Rebellion……………………………………………………….63 War is our Only Resource……………………………………………………………….70 The Second War…………………………………………………………………………78 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….85 -
Arnoldo HERNANDEZ
Comercio a distancia y circulación regional. ♣ La feria del Saltillo, 1792-1814 Arnoldo Hernández Torres ♦ Para el siglo XVIII, el sistema económico mundial inicia la reorganización de los reinos en torno a la unidad nacional, a la cual se le conoce como mercantilismo en su última etapa. Una de las acciones que lo caracterizó fue la integración del mercado interno o nacional frente al mercado externo o internacional. Estrechamente ligados a la integración de los mercados internos o nacionales, aparecen los mercados regionales y locales, definidos tanto por la división política del territorio para su administración gubernamental como por las condiciones geográficas: el clima y los recursos naturales, entre otros aspectos. El proceso de integración del mercado interno en la Nueva España fue impulsado por las reformas borbónicas desde el último tercio del siglo XVIII hasta la independencia. Para el septentrión novohispano, particularmente la provincia de Coahuila, los cambios se reflejaron en el ámbito político, militar y económico. En el ámbito político los cambios fueron principalmente en la reorganización administrativa del territorio –la creación de la Comandancia de las Provincias Internas y de las Intendencias, así como la anexión de Saltillo y Parras a la provincia de Coahuila. En el ámbito militar se fortaleció el sistema de misiones y presidios a través de la política de poblamiento para consolidar la ocupación – el exterminio de indios “bárbaros” y la creación de nuevos presidios y misiones– y colonización del territorio –establecimiento -
Texas on the Mexican Frontier
Texas on the Mexican Frontier Texas History Chapter 8 1. Mexican Frontier • Texas was vital to Mexico in protecting the rest of the country from Native Americans and U.S. soldiers • Texas’ location made it valuable to Mexico 2. Spanish Missions • The Spanish had created missions to teach Christianity to the American Indians • The Spanish also wanted to keep the French out of Spanish-claimed territory 3. Empresarios in Texas • Mexico created the empresario system to bring new settlers to Texas • Moses Austin received the first empresario contract to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. 4. Moses Austin Moses Austin convinced Mexican authorities to allow 300 Anglo settlers because they would improve the Mexican economy, populate the area and defend it from Indian attacks, and they would be loyal citizens. 5. Moses Austin His motivation for establishing colonies of American families in Texas was to regain his wealth after losing his money in bank failure of 1819. He met with Spanish officials in San Antonio to obtain the first empresario contract to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. 6. Other Empresarios • After Moses Austin death, his son, Stephen became an empresario bring the first Anglo-American settlers to Texas • He looked for settlers who were hard- working and law abiding and willing to convert to Catholicism and become a Mexican citizen • They did NOT have to speak Spanish 7. Other Empresarios • His original settlers, The Old Three Hundred, came from the southeastern U.S. • Austin founded San Felipe as the capital of his colony • He formed a local government and militia and served as a judge 8. -
Why Invite Foreign Colonists? Grade 4 & 7
Texas Historical Commission Why Invite Foreign Colonists? Grade 4 & 7 Virtual Field Trip visitsanfelipedeaustin.com Learning Guide Grade 4 & 7 Why Invite Foreign Colonists? Overview: A New Beginning for Texas In Part 2 in the Empresario series from the Texas Historical Commission’s San Felipe de Austin site, learners explore how the introduction of colonists from other nations impacted the development of Texas. The activities provide learners the opportunity to analyze primary source documents related to the settlement efforts. An introductory video is also included. Map of Coahuila y Tejas with land grants,1833. Wiki Creative Commons. Objectives • Identify reasons for and strategies used in developing colonization by foreign citizens in 19th century Texas. • Demonstrate understanding of a filibuster expedition. • Analyze primary source documents. • Reflect on the 1825 laws of colonization. Social Studies TEKS 4th Grade: 4.2 A E, 4.8 C, 4.12 C, 4.14 B, 4.15 A, 4.21 A B, 4.23 7th Grade: 7.2 D E F, 7.10 A B, 7.20 A B, 7.23 Resources • Video: Why Invite Foreign Colonists? (THC YouTube) https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=D-jWBp6RG-0&feature=youtu.be • Activity 1: Why Invite Foreign Colonists? video activity resource • Activity 2: Coahuila y Tejas Colonization Law of 1825 activity resource (adapted and full versions) • Activity 3: Journal Reflection activity resourcePrimary Source Document: Coahuila y Tejas Colonization Law of 1825 (transcription, adapted and full versions) 2 Vocabulary ayuntamiento (ah yoon tah me EHN toh) noun: a city or town -
CENTRAL AMERICA and TEXAS, 1821-1836 By
MEXICO’S BREAK UP: MEXICO CITY'S MISCONCEPTIONS AND MISMANAGEMENT OF ITS PERIPEHERIES: CENTRAL AMERICA AND TEXAS, 1821-1836 by KYLE CARPENTER Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON MAY 2013 Copyright © by Kyle Carpenter 2013 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I cannot thank my committee enough. Dr. Sam Haynes, the committee chair, remained unflinchingly supportive from the very beginning. He took on this project in its infant stages and allowed it to change and evolve as necessary. His support and trust in me were unbelievable. Dr. David Narrett read every draft so carefully and responded with such detailed commentary. Dr. John Garrigus kept this project alive through his advice and guidance at a critical time in its development. The entire committee was indispensable to this thesis and I cannot thank them enough. While working on this project, I relied on the support of so many people. The person who deserves the most gratitude is my wife, Mickey. She patiently supported me through all the research, all the writing, and all the editing that went into this thesis. I could not have done it without her. I also extend my thanks to everyone who helped me in the massive research campaign this thesis required. The staff at the University of Texas at Arlington Library Special Collections deserves special thanks. Additionally, I received great assistance from the staffs at the Nettie Lee Benson Library and the Bancroft Library. -
División Territorial Del Estado De Chihuahua De 1810 a 1995
CAMBIOS EN LA DIVISION DEL PAIS SITUACION FECHA MARCO JURIDICO NACIONAL ESTATAL 19 de marzo de 1812 Constitución Política de la Monarquía Art. 10.- El territorio español comprende ... En la El territorio del actual estado de Chihuahua Española (artículos 10 y 309). América Septentrional, Nueva España con la Nueva forma parte de las provincias internas de Galicia y Península de Yucatán, ... provincias internas de occidente, en el reino de la Nueva Vizcaya y Oriente, provincias internas de Occidente, ... de la intendencia de Durango. Art. 309.- Para el gobierno interior de los pueblos habrá ayuntamientos, compuestos del alcalde o alcaldes, los regidores y el procurador síndico, y presididos por el jefe político, donde lo hubiere, y en su defecto por el alcalde o el primer nombrado entre éstos, si hubiere dos. 24 de octubre de 1814 Decreto Constitucional para la libertad de la Art. 42o. Mientras se haga una demarcación exácta de El territorio del actual estado de Chihuahua América Mexicana (artículo 42o.). Sin esta AMERICA MEXICANA, y de cada una de las forma parte de la provincia de Durango. vigencia práctica. provincias que la componen,... México, Puebla, Tiaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan. Oaxaca, Técpan, Michoacan, Querétaro, Guadalaxara, Guanaxuato, Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Sonora, Coaguila, y nuevo reyno de Leon. El país se divide en 17 provincias. 22 de febrero de 1819 Tratado Adams-Onís o Tratado ... La línea entre los dos países, al Occidente del El territorio del actual estado de Chihuahua Transcontinental entre España y Estados Misissippi, arrancará del Seno mexicano en la forma parte de las provincias internas de Unidos de América. -
Tensions Mount Between Mexico and Texas
198 11/18/02 9:27 AM Page 190 Tensions Mount Between Why It Matters Now 1 The issue of immigration continues to cause conflict today between Mexico and Texas the United States and Mexico. TERMS & NAMES OBJECTIVES MAIN IDEA Constitution of 1824, 1. Explain why tensions arose between Not long after colonization began states’ rights, nationalist, the Mexican government and the Texas in Texas, conflicts erupted between Haden Edwards, Fredonian settlers. the Mexican government and the Rebellion, Manuel Mier y 2. Identify the events that led to the passage colonists. Even though Mexican Terán, Law of April 6, 1830, of the Law of April 6, 1830. officials attempted to control the provision, customs duty 3. Describe the effect that the Law of April 6, conflicts, their efforts served to 1830, had on Texas colonists. anger and unify the colonists. WHAT Would You Do? Imagine that you recently arrived in Texas from the Write your response United States. You have friends and family who hope to Interact with History to join you in Texas soon. You have sworn to adopt in your Texas Notebook. the Mexican culture and follow the rules required of all Mexican citizens. The Mexican government is considering closing the border to American settlers in order to preserve the Mexican way of life. Would you Mexican passport try to adapt to the Mexican culture? In what ways? What would you tell your family in the United States? Differences Arise The new colonists in Texas busied themselves building homes and starting their life in a new land. The settlers who came from the United States also had to adjust to living in a country with its own laws and government. -
“The Decree of 19 August 1848”: the First Repatriation Commissions and Postwar Settlements Along the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, 33 Md
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital Commons @ UM Law Maryland Journal of International Law Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 3 “The ecrD ee of 19 August 1848”: The irsF t Repatriation Commissions and Postwar Settlements Along the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands José Angel Hernández Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil Recommended Citation José A. Hernández, “The Decree of 19 August 1848”: The First Repatriation Commissions and Postwar Settlements Along the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, 33 Md. J. Int'l L. 1 (2018). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol33/iss1/3 This Symposium: Articles and Essays is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HERNANDEZ - THE DECREE OF 19 AUGUST (FINAL) (DO NOT DELETE) 8/11/2018 1:40 PM The Decree of 19 August 1848: The First Repatriation Commissions and Postwar Settlements Along the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands JOSÉ ANGEL HERNÁNDEZ† I. INTRODUCTION Like all other wars that bring about destruction and chaos in their wake, these eventful ruptures in the historical structure are also moments of creativity and introspection surrounding the meaning of the nation, and its legacy. The end of the war simultaneously brought about the creation of the Department of Colonization because -
Documents Relating to Coahuila, Coahuila and Tejas, and Nuevo León Y Coahuila, 1806-1860
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf400003hg No online items Finding Aid to the Documents relating to Coahuila, Coahuila and Tejas, and Nuevo León y Coahuila, 1806-1860 Processed by The Bancroft Library Staff The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu © 1996 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Finding Aid to the Documents BANC MSS 67/142 m 1 relating to Coahuila, Coahuila and Tejas, and Nuevo ... Finding Aid to the Documents relating to Coahuila, Coahuila and Tejas, and Nuevo León y Coahuila, 1806-1860 Collection number: BANC MSS 67/142 m The Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Contact Information: The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu Processed by: The Bancroft Library Staff Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1996 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Collection Summary Collection Title: Documents relating to Coahuila, Coahuila and Tejas, and Nuevo León y Coahuila, Date (inclusive): 1806-1860 Collection Number: BANC MSS 67/142 m Extent: Number of containers: 6 boxes Repository: The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Physical Location: For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. Abstract: A collection of letters and documents addressed to town officials of Cuatro-Cienegas in Coahuila, transmitting orders and information from departmental and state officials concerning elections; financial, judicial and military matters; municipal government, etc. -
Special List 319 Economics: Government and Private Sector
special list 319 1 RICHARD C.RAMER Special List 319 Economics: Government & The Private Sector 2 RICHARDrichard c. C.RAMER ramer Old and Rare Books 225 east 70th street . suite 12f . new york, n.y. 10021-5217 Email [email protected] . Website www.livroraro.com Telephones (212) 737 0222 and 737 0223 Fax (212) 288 4169 December 10, 2018 Special List 319 Economics: Government & The Private Sector Items marked with an asterisk (*) will be shipped from Lisbon. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED: All items are understood to be on approval, and may be returned within a reasonable time for any reason whatsoever. VISITORS BY APPOINTMENT special list 319 3 Special List 319 Economics: Government & The Private Sector Honduran Trade 1. ALVARADO, Francisco. Memoria presentada al Soberano Cuerpo Lejis- lativo por el Ministro Jeneral . el año de 1852. [Comayagua, Honduras?]: Imprenta de J.M. Sanchez, 1852. 4°, original self wrappers (chipping at spine). In very good condition. (1 l. title page), 16 pp., (1 blank l.). $300.00 FIRST EDITION. The prime minister of Honduras reports to the legislature on foreign affairs (with Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Great Britain), the Church, the judiciary, education, and trade. The new trade in indigo is given special attention (pp. 11-12). Pages 13-16 deal with government income and expenditures. ❊ Not in Palau. Not located in NUC. OCLC: 21648605 (University of California- Berkeley); 14453808 is a microfilm, also at Berkeley. Not located in CCPBE. Not located in Copac. Not located in KVK (51 databases searched). Protect Us from Free Trade! 2. ASSOCIAÇAO INDUSTRIAL DO PORTO. Representações que a Associação Industrial do Porto dirigiu a Sua Magestade a Rainha. -
Monclova Hechos Históricos Del Siglo XIX
Monclova hechos históricos del siglo XIX Lucas Martínez Sánchez Monclova Hechos históricos del Siglo XIX Lucas Martínez Sánchez Edición digital Saltillo, Coahuila 2021 2 INDICE Liminar…………………………………………………………..4 Introducción……………………………………………………..6 El Hospital Real de la Provincia de Coahuila, 1804…………….8 Los Blanco Múzquiz. Patriotas de Monclova…………………..20 Don Juan Martín de Veramendi, El Texano que murió en Monclova 1833……………………….41 La Guerra de Texas, 1836………………………………………57 La Intervención Norteamericana, 1846-1848…………………..68 Los vientos de la Reforma, 1856-1860…………………………86 La intervención francesa, 1862-1867………………………….109 La fuerza congresista, 1873……………………………………136 Porfirio Díaz en Monclova, 1876……………………………...150 El ferrocarril en Monclova, noticia histórica 1884…………….173 3 LIMINAR Pareciera que los monclovenses nos hemos acostumbrado, a fuerza de no percibirlo, a las glorias intermitentes que se esconden en nuestra historia, a los puntos álgidos que diariamente fabricamos pero que sólo en ocasiones se materializan hasta alcanzar la lucidez necesaria en nuestro pensamiento colectivo, dándonos, de esa manera, la conciencia suficiente para entender que hemos logrado algo significativo, algo productivo en todo caso, que pueda ser de utilidad a generaciones venideras. Pareciera que sigue viva la inercia de confundir la palabra Historia con la palabra pasado, como si al aceptar esa confusión como válida, nos libráramos también del trabajo, arduo pero necesario, de desentrañar y diferenciar ambos significados hasta adecuarlos a nuestras necesidades presentes. La historia no es pasado. Nuestro pasado es el presente que diariamente compartimos, y la historia es, en este caso, la encargada de explicar los mecanismos y repercusiones de cada aportación individual o colectiva, ya sea constante o esporádica, pero que es siempre valiosa. -
Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches
1 Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches Coexistence on Texas’ Eastern Frontier Under the Mexican and Texan Republics, 1821-1846 Bryson Kisner, B.A. HIS679HB Submitted for partial requirement for the Plan II Honors Program And for Special Honors in the Department of History The University of Texas at Austin May 5, 2017 ________________________________________ Henry W. Brands, Ph.D. Department of History Supervising Professor ________________________________________ Emilio Zamora, Ph.D. Department of History Second Reader 2 Abstract Author: Bryson Kisner Title: “Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches: Coexistence on Texas’ Eastern Frontier Under the Mexican and Texan Republics, 1821-1846” Supervising Faculty: Henry W. Brands, Ph.D. (First Reader), Emilio Zamora, Ph.D. (2nd Reader) In 1821, Texas and its citizens were part of Mexico. By 1846, Anglo-American immigrants had transformed the demographics, culture, and governance of Texas. Nowhere is this better exemplified than in Nacogdoches, Texas’ oldest city. The influx of Anglo-Americans into Texas and the accompanying regime changes transformed the Tejano border town into an Anglo-dominated city, prompting struggles over civil rights, economic power, and political authority between Mexican- and Anglo-Texans both as individuals and as ethnic communities. Several violent insurrections pitted Nacogdochians against Anglo and Mexican outsiders as well as each other, culminating in the largest organized revolt against the Republic of Texas by its own citizens: the ultimately doomed Córdova Rebellion of 1838 and 1839. Yet this was the last gasp of Tejano resistance to the Anglicization of East Texas. By 1846, Anglo numerical superiority and American annexation forced Nacogdoches’ Tejanos to accept an Anglo- dominated social hierarchy in order to preserve their rights, property, and community.