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Flora Montiberica 43 (18-IX-2009)

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Flora Montiberica 43 (18-IX-2009) FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación periódica especializada en trabajos sobre la flora del Sistema Ibérico Vol. 43 Valencia, IX-2009 FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación independiente sobre temas relacionados con la flora y la vegetación (plantas vasculares) de la Península Ibérica, especialmente de la Cordillera Ibérica y tierras vecinas. Fundada en diciembre de 1995, se publican tres volúmenes al año con una periodicidad cuatrimestral. Editor y Redactor general: Gonzalo Mateo Sanz. Jardín Botánico. Uni- versidad de Valencia. C/ Quart, 80. E-46008 Valencia. Redactorea adjuntos: Javier Fabado Alós y Cristina Torres Gómez. Redactor página web: José Luis Benito Alonso. Edición en Internet: www.floramontiberica.org Flora Montiberica.org es la primera revista de botánica en español en ofrecer de forma gratuita todos sus contenidos a través de la red. Consejo editorial: Antoni Aguilella Palasí (Universidad de Valencia) Juan A. Alejandre Sáenz (Herbarium Alejandre, Vitoria) Vicente J. Arán Redó (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid) Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba (Universidad de Alicante) José María de Jaime Lorén (Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada) Emilio Laguna Lumbreras (Departamento de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma Valenciana) Pedro Montserrat Recoder (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientí- ficas, Jaca). Edita: Flora Montiberica. Valencia (España) ISSN: 1138-5952 ISSN edición internet: 1998-799X Depósito Legal: V-5097-1995 Portada: Teucrium x bicoloreum Pau, procedente de Bicorp (Valencia). Ver pag. 57 de este número. Flora Montiberica 43: 3-7 (IX-2009). ISSN 1138-5952 DODONAEA VISCOSA JACQ. (SAPINDACEAE), NOVEDAD FLORÍSTICA PARA LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Emilio LAGUNA LUMBRERAS* & José Manuel SÁNCHEZ DE LORENZO CÁCERES** * Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Medio Ambiente, Agua, Urbanismo y Vivienda. Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal (CIEF). Avda. del País Valencià, 114. 46390 Quart de Poblet, Valencia. [email protected] ** Servicio de Parques y Jardines del Ayuntamiento de Murcia. Paseo del Malecón, Cr. de los Viveros s/n. 30009 La Abatalia, Murcia. [email protected] ABSTRACT: Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae), floristic new record for the Iberian peninsule. A first appointment of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. as naturalized plant is given to the Iberian peninsule -extensively also for Spain, Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean area-. A few specimens have been found in Catarroja (Valencia province, Eastern Spain); they apparently belong to the subsp. spatulata (Sm.) J.G. West. Due to its bioogical and reproductive traits, D. viscosa should be considered as a potential serious invader for mediterranean ecosystems. Key words: Dodonaea viscosa, invasive, exotic, Spain, Iberian peninsule. RESUMEN: Se aporta una primera cita de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. como planta naturalizada para la península Ibérica -y extensivamente para España, el Oeste de Europa y el Mediterráneo Occidental-. Se han localizado pocos ejemplares en Catarroja (provincia de Valencia), que aparentemente pertenecen a la subsp. spatulata (Sm.) J.G. West. Dadas sus características biológicas y reproductivas, D. viscosa debería ser considerado como un serio invasor potencial de los ecosistemas mediterráneos. Palabras clave: Dodonaea viscosa, invasora, exótica, España, Península Ibérica INTRODUCCIÓN ceae, Hippocastanaceae y Melianthaceae (MORLEY, op. cit.: 194); entre las fami- La familia Sapindaceae, de distribu- lias del mismo orden con representación ción básicamente tropical y subtropical, autóctona en la flora mediterránea ibérica está formada por unos 150 géneros, que se encuentran otras algo más alejadas ta- contienen alrededor de 2000 especies xonómicamente como son las Anacardia- (MORLEY, 1998); de ellas, unas 300 son ceae, Coriariaceae, Cneoraceae y Ruta- lianas herbáceas, en tanto el resto son ceae. especies leñosas, usualmente de porte ar- Recientemente, uno de los autores de bóreo o grandes arbustos. Su presencia este artículo localizó ejemplares naturali- entre la flora silvestre en España se redu- zados de la especie Dodonaea viscosa ce a unas pocas especies invasoras, que Jacq., sapindácea de origen pantropical SANZ & al. (2004: 320-321) personalizan cuyo empleo se viene popularizando en la en Koelreuteria paniculata, Cardiosper- jardinería española en los últimos años, y mum halicacabum y C. grandiflorum -ésta que por sus características -ver más abajo- última citada solo para Canarias-. Desde es candidata a convertirse en una planta el punto de vista taxonómico, la familia fuertemente invasora en un plazo relativa- preside el orden Sapindales y parece estar mente breve. estrechamente relacionada con las Acera- 3 Dodonea viscosa Jacq. (Sapinaceae), novedad florística para la Península Ibérica (CLOSS & WEST, 2002). El género ha RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN dado nombre a una familia habitualmente no reconocida, las Dodonaceae Kunth ex Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., Enum Plant. Small, Fl. SE U.S.: 724, 737 (1903), que Syst.: 19 (1760) se considera sinónimo de Sapindaceae en VALENCIA: 30SYJ214653, Catarroja, na- grado de inclusión. Dodonaea viscosa turalizada en márgenes de la autovía CV-33, Jacq. es una especie de amplia distribu- herbazales subnitrófilos densos de Inulo- ción tropical y subtropical, que ocupa Oryzopsietum miliaceae, 18 m, 18-03-2008, E. extensas zonas en los continentes ameri- Laguna (VAL 187734). cano, africano, australiano, y el SE asiáti- Se han localizado tres pies arbustivos co, así como en los sistemas insulares aso- altos de aproximadamente 1,5 de talla, to- ciados a éstos, particularmente en los océ- dos ellos de sexo masculino -aunque con anos Índico y Pacífico. Siguiendo la revi- producción residual de flores femeninas y sión de WEST (1984) esta especie posee frutos-, y varios ejemplares menores, aún hasta 7 subespecies, de las que 4 (angusti- no diferenciables. Las plantas aparecen en ssima, cuneata, mucronata y statulata) la zona de herbazales junto a un canal son endémicas de Australia y archipiéla- lateral de evacuación pluvial, dentro del gos cercanos, mientras las otras 3 (visco- recinto vallado de la autovía CV-33 o sa, burmanniana y angustifolia) tienen ‘Corredor Comarcal Sur’ en el tramo una distribución más extensa, apare- Torrente-Albal; se trata de un tramo en el ciendo simultáneamente en varios conti- que no se realizó ningún tipo de revege- nentes. Dada su amplia distribución pan- tación en la obra de construcción de la ca- tropical, la especie ha recibido un extenso rretera, acaecida hace unos 12-13 años, y conjunto de sinónimos, cuyos protólogos donde se encuentran también asilvestradas se encuentran recogidos en la base de da- otras especies alóctonas que crecen entre tos ‘Australian Plant Name Index’ (APNI, las grietas del cemento de la canalización 2008), además de en la citada revisión de y el talud terroso adjunto (Phoenix cana- WEST (1984) y en los prolijos trabajos riensis Chab., Casuarina cunninghamiana previos de SHERFF (1947) . Miq., Parkinsonia aculeata L., etc.) . A D. viscosa posee porte arbustivo profu- un centenar de metros de la zona donde samente ramificado desde la base, de talla aparecen los ejemplares de D. viscosa se media a elevada (hasta 2-5 m) cuando se encuentran varios viveros de planta orna- cultiva en nuestra latitud, aunque conve- mental que se dedican a la importación de nientemente podada puede exhibir porte planta y provisión de grandes ajardina- arbóreo más elevado; algunas de sus sub- mientos, por lo que cabía sospechar que especies llegan a alcanzar los 8 m de talla éstos podrían haber actuado como zona de (WEST, 1984) en sus áreas nativas. Con- origen de las plantas ahora naturalizadas; forme a la descripción de SÁNCHEZ DE consultados técnicos de la zona, se nos in- LORENZO (2007, 2008) se trata de una dicó que en la pasada década se recibieron planta leñosa de hojas usualmente lanceo- y mantuvieron en cultivo diversas partidas ladas o algo espatuladas de 5-12 x 1,5-5 de esta especie (V. Martínez Cortina, cm, de color verde a verde-grisáceo –roji- com. pers.) con destino a varios jardines zo en algunas variedades de mayor difu- de la ciudad de Valencia. sión ornamental; los tallos son glabros, Dodonaea Mill. es un género distribuí- rojizos, glandulosos y viscosos al tacto en do por los continentes australiano, africa- su fase juvenil, especialmente en algunas no, asiático y americano, compuesto por de las subspespecies-. Tanto los tallos jó- unas 70 especies -60 de ellas endémicas venes como las hojas desprenden al tacto de Australia-, de porte arbustivo o arbóreo 4 Flora Montiberica 43: 3-7 (IX-2009). ISSN 1138-5952 E. LAGUNA & J.M. SÁNCHEZ DE LORENZO un olor que recuerda al de Pistacia tere- observaban en campo restos de flores se- binthus o Schinus molle (obs. pers.). La cas que podrían provenir de una floración especie es dioica o polígamo-dioica (v. otoñal del año anterior. La época de flora- RIVERS, 1971), con flores dispuestas en ción es muy variable, predominantemente tirsos o cimas axilares pedunculadas; las en la primavera y verano en Australia flores son poco vistosas, de amarillentas a (WEST, 1984), entre enero y marzo en pardo-rojizas, con pedicelos de hasta 5 Pakistán (ABDULLA, 1973), y otoñal en mm -acrescentes durante la fructificación China (XIA & GADEK, 2007); WEST en las femeninas, alcanzando hasta los 12 (op. cit.) indica que en todo caso pueden mm-. Flores sin corola, con cáliz com- verse ejemplares en flor durante práctica- puesto por 4 sépalos libres ovado-triangu- mente todos los meses del año.
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