La Colonia Libica 1938
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Bombing of Gernika
BIBLIOTECA DE The Bombing CULTURA VASCA of Gernika The episode of Guernica, with all that it The Bombing ... represents both in the military and the G) :c moral order, seems destined to pass 0 of Gernika into History as a symbol. A symbol of >< many things, but chiefly of that Xabier lruio capacity for falsehood possessed by the new Machiavellism which threatens destruction to all the ethical hypotheses of civilization. A clear example of the ..e use which can be made of untruth to ·-...c: degrade the minds of those whom one G) wishes to convince. c., '+- 0 (Foreign Wings over the Basque Country, 1937) C> C: ISBN 978-0-9967810-7-7 :c 90000 E 0 co G) .c 9 780996 781077 t- EDITORIALVASCA EKIN ARGITALETXEA Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Ekin Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Xabier Irujo The Bombing of Gernika Ekin Buenos Aires 2021 Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Editorial Vasca Ekin Argitaletxea Lizarrenea C./ México 1880 Buenos Aires, CP. 1200 Argentina Web: http://editorialvascaekin- ekinargitaletxea.blogspot.com Copyright © 2021 Ekin All rights reserved First edition. First print Printed in America Cover design © 2021 JSM ISBN first edition: 978-0-9967810-7-7 Table of Contents Bombardment. Description and types 9 Prehistory of terror bombing 13 Coup d'etat: Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco 17 Non-Intervention Committee 21 The Basque Country in 1936 27 The Basque front in the spring of 1937 31 Everyday routine: “Clear day means bombs” 33 Slow advance toward Bilbao 37 “Target Gernika” 41 Seven main reasons for choosing Gernika as a target 47 The alarm systems and the antiaircraft shelters 51 Typology and number of airplanes and bombs 55 Strategy of the attack 59 Excerpts from personal testimonies 71 Material destruction and death toll 85 The news 101 The lie 125 Denial and reductionism 131 Reconstruction 133 Bibliography 137 I can’t -it is impossible for me to give any picture of that indescribable tragedy. -
Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Capano, Fabio, "Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5312. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5312 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianità," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Modern Europe Joshua Arthurs, Ph.D., Co-Chair Robert Blobaum, Ph.D., Co-Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D. -
Foreign News: Where Is Signor X?
Da “Time”, 24 maggio 1943 Foreign News: Where is Signor X? Almost 21 years of Fascism has taught Benito Mussolini to be shrewd as well as ruthless. Last week he toughened the will of his people to fight, by appeals to their patriotism, and by propaganda which made the most of their fierce resentment of British and U.S. bombings. He also sought to reduce the small number pf Italians who might try to cut his throat by independent deals with the Allies. The military conquest of Italy may be no easy task. After the Duce finished his week's activities, political warfare against Italy looked just as difficult, and it was hard to find an alternative to Mussolini for peace or postwar negotiations. No Dorlans. The Duce began by ticking off King Vittorio Emanuele, presumably as insurance against the unlikely prospect that the sour-faced little monarch decides either to abdicate or convert his House of Savoy into a bargain basement for peace terms. Mussolini pointedly recalled a decree of May 10, 1936, which elevated him to rank jointly with the King as "first marshal of Italy." Thus the King (constitutionally Commander in Chief of all armed forces) can legally make overtures to the Allies only with the consent and participation of the Duce. Italy has six other marshals. Mussolini last week recalled five of them to active service.* Most of these men had been disgraced previously to cover up Italian defeats. Some of them have the backing of financial and industrial groups which might desert Mussolini if they could make a better deal. -
Bruno Porta World War II Photographs (SC-304)
SC-304: Bruno Porta World War II Photographs Collection Number: SC-304 Title: Bruno Porta World War II Photographs Dates: 1942-1943 Creator: Porta, Bruno Summary/Abstract: The collection consists of 13 photographs depicting Benito Mussolini, Erwin Rommel, and other Italian and German military officers in North Africa in 1942-1943. Lieutenant Bruno Porta was an Italian Army officer in WWII. Porta later gave the photographs to his friend Richard Dawson, who served in the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. Quantity/Physical Description: 0.1 linear foot (13 photographs) Language(s): Original photograph captions are in Italian, with English translations provided in this finding aid by archivist. Repository: Special Collections and Archives, University Libraries, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, (937) 775-2092 Restrictions on Access: There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Restrictions on Use: Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder. Preferred Citation: [Description of item, Photo #, Date], SC-304, Bruno Porta World War II Photographs, Special Collections and Archives, University Libraries, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio Acquisition: The photographs were donated to Special Collections & Archives by Peter Dawson, son of Richard Dawson, in March 2017. Custodial History: The photographs were taken by Bruno Porta, who later gave them to his friend Richard Dawson. Dawson served in the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. Porta’s son married Dawson’s daughter. SC-304: Bruno Porta World War II Photographs 1 Separated Material: Materials specifically pertaining to Richard Dawson that were donated at the same time have been added to MS-120: Night Fighters of World War II Historical Collection, Series XVIII and Series XIX. -
Military History of Italy During World War II from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Military history of Italy during World War II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. The imperial ambitions of the Fascist regime, which aspired to restore the Roman Empire in North Africa and the Mediterranean (the Mare Nostrum, or the Italian Empire), were partially met with the annexation of Albania and the Province of Ljubljana, and the occupation of British Somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the East and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Italy and its colonies in May 1940 (Dodecanese islands Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King and Tientsin concession in China are not shown) Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign. The northern half of the country was occupied by Germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the Allied cause as the Italian Co-Belligerent Army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000[1] partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over Italy. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Imperial ambitions 1.2 Industrial strength 1.3 Economy 1.4 Military 2 Outbreak of the Second World -
CONTRACT for CLARESHOLM SCHOOL 1 Wsafyier FINAL Grii 1 FORECAST—FAIR, MILD Y-XJL Winnipeg Wheat EDITION MAY CLOSE 77^4
CONTRACT FOR CLARESHOLM SCHOOL 1 Wsafyier FINAL grii 1 FORECAST—FAIR, MILD y-XJL Winnipeg Wheat EDITION MAY CLOSE 77^4 VOL. XXXIII. No. 30B. LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1940 16 PAGES AND COMICS TIRANA BY CHRISTMAS" GREEK BATTLE CRY AS ARGIROCASTRO ABANDONED $882,000 MORE TROUBLE FOR IL DUCE Full Striking Force For New Unit Speed Bombers For Britain Relinquishes Greek Units Hurled Air Scheme 4* 'I'^ •I' -I' •^ ^ •i* -h 4" 4* 4* + 4" + + U.S. Will Build Two More Big Assembly Plants Command In At Fleeing Italians Bennett and White Given Fascists Leave Parts of Albanian Base in Flames— Contiact for Big 3,000 Prisoners Taken Along With Over 100 Airport Dodecanese TRAVELLING Howitzers—Drive Pushed in North With ARTISANS TO Albanian Capital City as Objective START LETHBRIDGE Second Sensational Retire ment in Italian High REBUILD G.B. THENS, Dec. 7—(A.P.)—Italian forces were report PLANT IN SPRING A ed today to have abandoned Argirocastro, leaving Command NEW YORK, Dec. 7.—(;P)— parts of the inland Albanian base in flames. Dispatches (Special to The Ilcralil.) Thirteen mobilized squads of from the front said Greek troops advancing on Argirocas OTTAWA, Out., Dec. 7.—Con bricklayers, carpenters and ONE OF FASCISM'S masons soon will travel about tro from several directions had established contact pre tract for construction of build paratory to occupation. ings for the new service flyinp ORIGINAL BIG 4 Britain repairing and re training school at Clarosholm, building bombed houses, a The road between Porto Edda and Delvino and the Alberta, has been awarded to British broadcast heard here ROME, Dec. -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Fondo Lasagni
FONDO GUERRINO LASAGNI BL B 1 ANT *Viaggio nei Bogos / O. Antinori ; con prefazione del march. prof. Giacomo Antinori. - Roma : Societa' Geografica Italiana, 1887. - 162 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. ((Estr. da: Boll. della società geografica italiana (1887), giugno e segg. N.Inv: LAS 207 BL B 1 APP La *sfinge nera : dal Marocco al Madagascar / Mario Appelius. - Milano : Alpes, 1926. - 414 p. ; 20 cm. N.Inv: LAS 250 1 AFRICA - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 ARC *Quando ero medico in Africa / Gaetano Arcoleo. - Bologna : L. Cappelli, 1936. - 180 p., [8] c. di tav. : ill. ; 20 cm. ((L. 10. N.Inv: LAS 191 BL B 1 BEL La *cittadella di Allah : viaggio nell'Arabia Saudita / Felice Bellotti. - Milano : Cino del Duca, [1960]. - 235 p., [24] c.di tav. : ill. ; 21 cm . N.Inv: LAS 160 1 Arabia Saudita - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 BIA *Esplorazioni in Africa di Gustavo Bianchi / memorie ordinate e pubblicate dal dottor Dino Pesci. - Milano etc.! : F. Vallardi, 1886?!. - VIII, 323 p., 1! c. di tav., 1! c. di tav. ripieg. : ritr., c. geogr. color. ; 19 cm. ((Data dalla prefaz. N.Inv: LAS 226 BL B 1 BIA *Mungo Park alla ricerca del Niger / Natale Bianchi. - Torino etc.! : Paravia, stampa 1926. - 262 p., 12! c. di tav. : ill. ; 19 cm. (I *grandi viaggi di esplorazione) N.Inv: LAS 242 1 NIGER <FIUME> - Esplorazioni - 1795-1805 2 PARK, MUNGO BL B 1 BOU L'*aventure Abyssine / Emmanuel Bourcier. - Paris : Librarie des Champs-Elysees, c1936. - 250 p. ; 19 cm. N.Inv: LAS 153 BL B 1 BOV *Dal Mar Rosso al Nilo azzurro / Renato Bova-Scoppa. -
German Forces in North Africa, 9 April 1943
German Forces in North Africa 9 April 1943 Commander-in-Chief South: Feldmarshal A. Kesselring Army Group Africa: Generaloberst Jurgen von Arnim 1st Italian Army: General Giovanni Messe XX Italian Corps: 19th German Flak Division: Generalmajor G. Franz organization unknown 90th German Light Division: Generalleutnant GT.von Sponeck Divisonal Staff 155th (mot) Infantry Regiment 200th (mot) Infantry Regiment 361st (mot) Afrika Infantry Regiment Afrika (mot) Panzergrenadier Regiment Kolbeck Battalion 190th (mot) Panzerjäger Battalion 190th (mot) Artillery Regiment 580th (mot) Reconnaissance Battalion (mot) Signals Battalion 900th (mot) Pioeneer Battalion Feldersatz Battalion 638th (mot) Ambulance Platoon 566th Maintenance Platon 540th (mot) Munitions Administration Company 535th (mot) Bakery Company 517th (mot) Butcher company (mot) Divisoinal Administration Bureau (mot) Military Police Detachment 190th (mot) Field Post Office. 101st Trieste Motorized Infantry Division: 65th Motorized Infantry Regiment (2 Bns) 66th Motorized Infantry Regiment (3 Bns) 21st Motorized Artillery Regiment 1st Artillery Battalion (100mm/17 Howitzers) 2nd Artillery Battalion (100mm/17 Howitzers) 3rd Artillery Battalion (75mm/27 Guns) 4th Artillery Battalion (75mm/27 Guns) 5th Artillery Battalion (75mm/50 Guns)1 8th Bersaglieri Armored Car Battalion 21st Armored Battalion (M13 Tanks) 52nd Motorized Engineer Battalion 136th Giovani Facisti Infantry Division: 2 Infantry Battalions 1 AT Battalion/136th Artillery Regiment 14th Artillery Battalion, with 3 Batteries (65mm/17 -
Benito Mussolini Storia Di Un Anno (1944): Il Tempo Del Bastone E Della Carota
Benito Mussolini Storia di un anno (1944): il tempo del bastone e della carota www.liberliber.it Questo e-book è stato realizzato anche grazie al sostegno di: E-text Web design, Editoria, Multimedia (pubblica il tuo libro, o crea il tuo sito con E-text!) http://www.e-text.it/ QUESTO E-BOOK: TITOLO: Storia di un anno (1944): il tempo del ba- stone e della carota AUTORE: Mussolini, Benito TRADUTTORE: CURATORE: Susmel, Edoardo e Duilio NOTE: CODICE ISBN E-BOOK: n. d. DIRITTI D'AUTORE: no LICENZA: questo testo è distribuito con la licenza specificata al seguente indirizzo Internet: http://www.liberliber.it/online/opere/libri/licenze COPERTINA: n. d. TRATTO DA: 34: Il mio diario di guerra (1915-1917) ; La dottrina del fascismo (1932) ; Vita di Arnaldo (1932) ; Parlo con Bruno (1941) ; Pensieri pontini e sardi (1943) ; Storia di un anno (1944) (il tempo del bastone e della carota) / [Benito Mussolini]. - Firenze : La fenice, [1961]. - VIII, 489 p. ; 22 cm. Fa parte di: Opera omnia di Benito Mussolini / a cura di Edoardo e Duilio Susmel | Mussolini, Benito. CODICE ISBN FONTE: n. d. 2 1a EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA DEL: 4 dicembre 2018 2a EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA DEL: 3 febbraio 2019 3a EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA DEL: 9 maggio 2020 INDICE DI AFFIDABILITÀ: 1 0: affidabilità bassa 1: affidabilità standard 2: affidabilità buona 3: affidabilità ottima SOGGETTO: HIS037070 STORIA / Moderna / 20° Secolo HIS020000 STORIA / Europa / Italia DIGITALIZZAZIONE: Umberto Galerati; [email protected] REVISIONE: Giulio Mazzolini; [email protected] IMPAGINAZIONE: Umberto Galerati; [email protected] PUBBLICAZIONE: Catia Righi, [email protected] 3 Liber Liber Se questo libro ti è piaciuto, aiutaci a realizzarne altri. -
The First Battle of El Alamein
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 3 February 2021 The First Battle of El Alamein Nathan Landrum Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh Part of the European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Landrum, Nathan (2021) "The First Battle of El Alamein," Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol4/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The First Battle of El Alamein Abstract In June 1942, German and Italian forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launched a successful offensive into British-held Egypt. This move not only threatened the Suez Canal, it presented the opportunity for Germany to seize the oil rich and strategically important Middle East. British and Commonwealth forces under General Sir Claude Auchinleck, however, halted Axis offensive at the First Battle of El Alamein (1-27 July 1942). This engagement proved decisive in the outcome of the North African campaign in World War II and ultimately the European Theater of Operations, as it shifted the balance of toward the Allies, enabling them to drive the Axis out of North Africa by May 1943. This article is available in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol4/ iss1/3 Landrum: The First Battle of El Alamein The First Battle of El Alamein Nathan Landrum Phi Alpha Theta Biennial Convention January 2-5, 2020 Published by Scholars Crossing, 2021 1 Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History, Vol. -
A Myth and Reality in the Fascist War: the Ministry of Popular
Myth and Reality in the Fascist War: The Ministry of Popular Culture and Italian Propaganda on the Bombing of Civilians, 1938-1943 Luigi Petrella Doctor of Philosophy School of History, Classics and Archaeology 26 October 2015 a Abstract New studies that focus on the air bombardment of civilians in Italy during the Second World War regard the Italian home front as a privileged ‘observation post’ from which to study the relationship between Fascism and society during the years of the collapse of Mussolini’s regime. Yet the role of propaganda, on the specific aspect of people vulnerability to total war, in influencing that relationship, has received little attention. The main aim of this work is to reconstruct the narrative of bombing and of civilians’ life in Italy during the first phase of the war (1940-1943) as it emerges from reports, stories and works of invention in the Italian media. These have been compared with both the public reaction and the regime propaganda that had constructed some of the most powerful ideological tenets of the Italian Fascism during the 1930s, first of all the myth of air power and the creation of a ‘new man’. Investigating specific sections of the home front and situating the breakup of the Italian morale at the time of the first serious setbacks of Mussolini’s armies at the end of 1940, this research focuses in particular on the effectiveness - or otherwise - of government policies in steering the media and cultural activities that reflected life in wartime Italy. Drawing mostly on primary sources such as government papers, personal memoirs, censored letters and confidential reports, the study argues that propaganda’s failure to continue to bolster Fascist myths was due both to the catastrophic impact of war on civilians’ life and to institutional and political flaws.