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Home , Integumentary system

Chapter 7- Test Name: Basic Body Structure & Fuction Date: 1. Physiology is the study of A) what body parts look like and where they are located. B) the structure and function of the body. C) how the various body parts work. D) how organisms are created.

2. The basic unit of life is A) a cell. B) a . C) an . D) an .

3. Which one of the following is like the cell's brain? A) The cytoplasm B) The cell nucleus C) The cell organelles D) The cell membrane

4. Which cell transports oxygen throughout the body? A) Red blood B) Epithelial C) Muscle D)

5. Which one of the following is considered ? A) B) Blood C) D)

6. Which one of the following organs is included in the integumentary system? A) The fingernails B) The gallbladder C) The D) The

7. What does epithelial tissue do? A) It connects tissues together. B) It produces movement. C) It conducts information. D) It protects the body.

Page 1 8. Which statement correctly describes ? A) It causes problems by invading otherwise healthy tissues. B) It reduces the 's ability to fight off . C) It is a state of balance achieved by all of the organ systems working together. D) It occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal.

9. The purpose of melanin is to A) keep the skin lubricated. B) aid in regulation. C) give our skin, , and eyes color. D) form the hair and nails found on the body.

10. In which layer of the skin do blood vessels and originate? A) The surface layer of the B) The deep layer of the epidermis C) The subcutaneous D) The

11. The integumentary system consists of which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Skin B) Hair C) Nails D) Sweat glands E) Mucous membrane

12. A function of the skin is to help: Select all that apply. A) prevent pathogens from entering the body. B) improve a person's appearance. C) maintain the body's fluid balance. D) regulate body temperature. E) prevent skin blemishes.

13. Which one of the following is NOT a normal sign of the aging process? A) Wrinkles B) Gray hair C) Age spots D) Bluish skin

Page 2 14. When caring for an elderly person, which of the following actions should be avoided? A) Gripping the person's arm to help him or her to stand B) Filing the fingernails with an emery board C) Patting the skin dry after a bath D) Applying lotion after a bath

15. Which of the following changes to the integumentary system is to be expected with aging? A) Decreased blood flow to the dermis B) Increased number of sebaceous glands C) Thin, fragile nails D) Pallor

16. Which of the following describes long ? A) They are relatively thin and may be curved. B) They have a shaft and two round ends. C) They are round or oval shaped. D) They are solid and inflexible.

17. What is ? A) Bands of connective tissue that attach the skeletal muscles to the bones B) A capsule formed of connective tissue that encloses the ends of the bones, forming a cavity C) A tough, fibrous substance that fills in the space between the bones in slightly movable D) The strong bands of fibrous tissue that cross over the joint capsule, attaching one to another and stabilizing the joint

18. Where can you find a freely movable joint? Select all that apply. A) The hip B) The finger C) The D) The vertebrae E) The knee

19. Which of the following is an important function of the musculoskeletal system? Select all that apply. A) Support B) Protection C) Movement D) Heat production E) Normal growth

Page 3 20. The loss of bone tissue that occurs as a normal result of aging is the result of A) a lack of exercise. B) a diet low in calcium. C) a decrease in the number of bone cells. D) a decrease in the body's ability to absorb calcium.

21. What is muscle atrophy? A) The loss of muscle size and strength B) The type of muscle tissue found in the musculoskeletal system C) A disorder that causes the skeletal muscles to become weaker over time D) Increased muscle size and strength as a result of weight-bearing exercise

22. An elderly person may feel chilly in a room that a younger person would consider warm or even hot primarily because A) the elderly person has thin, fragile skin. B) elderly people tend to be thin and frail. C) age-related muscle loss affects the body's ability to produce heat. D) the thermoregulatory center does not work as well in elderly people.

23. What lines the airway? A) Mucous membrane B) Cartilage C) Alveoli D) Pleura

24. Which part of the upper airway is referred to as the voice box? A) The bronchioles B) The diaphragm C) The D) The

25. Which characteristic is an indication of healthy tissue? A) It is elastic. B) It is dense. C) It is very red. D) It is pale pink.

Page 4 26. What is the diaphragm? A) A group of special cells located in the that adjusts the rate and depth of breathing as necessary B) A strong, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays an important role in ventilation C) A 밅 ? shaped ring of cartilage that helps to support the and keep it open D) A membrane that prevents foreign substances from entering the delicate

27. What role do chemoreceptors play in the ? A) They monitor the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood and adjust the rate and depth of breathing as necessary. B) They move the diaphragm upward, pushing the air in the alveoli out of the lungs. C) They secrete a thin fluid that allows the lungs to slide easily against the chest cavity walls during the process of breathing. D) They are blood vessels that surround the alveoli, giving healthy lung tissue its brilliant pink color.

28. Which factor reduces the respiratory system's ability to function properly? Select all that apply. A) Gender B) Immobility C) Chronic illness D) Being African American E) Exposure to toxic chemicals

29. Why are elderly people at increased risk for respiratory ? A) The diaphragm and intercostal muscles become weaker as we age. B) Many elderly people spend a lot of time with their grandchildren, who are often sick with respiratory infections. C) As we age, the elastic lung tissue of the lungs becomes stretchier, increasing the amount of air that is taken in and let out with each breath. D) The elderly are more likely to be smokers.

Page 5 30. Phagocytosis is the A) process in the center of the red blood cell where the hemoglobin sits. B) process of releasing chemicals that causes a permanent clot to develop. C) development of white blood cells that destroy pathogens by 밻ating? them. D) development of transporting oxygen molecules attached to the hemoglobin in tissue.

31. The walls of the contain more smooth muscle than those of the because arteries A) are smaller than the veins. B) have thinner walls than the veins. C) need to contract and dilate more than veins do. D) rely on the effects of gravity to move blood.

32. The purpose of the valves in the is to A) help blood flow back to the heart. B) ensure that blood flows through the heart in only one direction. C) filter and clean the blood as it passes through the entire heart. D) separate the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles.

33. How does the heart receive the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function? A) Oxygen and nutrients are absorbed from the blood as it passes through the heart. B) The pulmonary delivers oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs. C) The conduction system through its ability to make the heart contract D) The coronary circulation through its system of arteries and veins

34. What does the word respiratory refer to? A) The heart B) The blood C) The platelets D) The lungs

Page 6 35. Which of the following is a function of the cardiovascular system? Select all that apply. A) Protection from infection and blood loss B) Transporting of oxygen and nutrients C) Temperature regulation D) Moving waste products E) Creating hormones

36. When the chambers of the heart fill with blood, this is referred to as A) asystole. B) diastole. C) systole. D) death.

37. Which event affects the ability of the heart to contract forcefully? A) A decreased number of red blood cells B) A decreased number of white blood cells C) A loss of muscle tone D) A loss of proteins

38. Which of the following age-related conditions decreases the body's ability to control blood pressure and flow? A) Decreased elasticity of the arteries and veins B) Less efficient contraction of the heart C) Orthostatic hypotension D) Varicose veins

39. A neuron is a A) long extension from the cell body that sends information. B) cell that can send and receive information. C) nerve impulse. D) sensory receptor.

40. The two main divisions of the are A) the myelin and the synapse. B) the synapse and the axon. C) the central and peripheral. D) the dendrite and the neuron.

Page 7 41. The dura mater is a A) clear fluid that protects the brain and . B) web-like layer of connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord. C) thick, tough outer layer of connective tissue that is attached to the inside of the skull and the vertebrae. D) thin delicate layer of connective tissue rich in blood vessels that is attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

42. Cerebrospinal fluid is located between the A) pia mater and the dura mater. B) arachnoid mater and the dura mater. C) pia mater and the arachnoid mater. D) arachnoid mater and the corpus callosum.

43. The component of the brain that helps to coordinate the brain's commands so that the muscles move smoothly and in an orderly fashion is the A) brain stem. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) cerebrum.

44. Body temperature, fluid balance, and some of the emotions are controlled by the A) thalamus. B) cerebellum. C) cerebrum. D) hypothalamus.

45. How many pairs of nerves are connected to the spinal cord? A) Thirty-one pairs B) Twenty-three pairs C) Forty pairs D) Thirty pairs

46. The function of the cerebrum is to A) play a role in balance. B) control the voluntary movement of muscles. C) regulate the internal environment of the body. D) sort out the impulses that arrive via the spinal cord.

Page 8 47. The main function of the nervous system is to A) allow us to move. B) respond to information. C) help us cope with stress. D) protect the body from diseases.

48. Which of the following special senses provides the brain with information about the outside world? Select all that apply. A) Smell B) Touch C) Taste D) Hearing E) Respect

49. Elderly people often take longer to react to things because with age the A) number of neurons decreases. B) synapses become wider. C) amount of myelin decreases. D) amount of chemical transmitters increases.

50. Dementia is A) a degenerative brain disease leading to a severe memory loss. B) a normal age-related change in one's ability to remember well. C) memory loss that eventually affects everyone over a certain age. D) temporary state of confusion often caused by medication taken by the elderly.

51. It is true that sensory receptor cells are: Select all that apply. A) stimulated when something comes in contact with the skin. B) specialized cells associated with a sensory nerve. C) special cells that detect chemicals in the food we eat. D) found only in the that help sense sounds. E) groups of cells that interpret sensory stimuli.

52. What term is used to identify our ability to touch, to position ourselves, and to feel pain? A) General sense B) Special sense C) Tactile receptors D) Chemoreceptors

Page 9 53. It is true that pain tells us that we: Select all that apply. A) are ill. B) have been injured. C) have need for surgery. D) have overworked a muscle group. E) are experiencing an organ problem.

54. When a person's senses of taste and smell are decreased, he or she is at an increased risk for A) overseasoning food with salt and having hypertension. B) burning the roof of the mouth on food that is too hot. C) eating spoiled food and getting food poisoning. D) gaining weight as a result of overeating.

55. The sclera is the A) colored part of the eye. B) muscular structure that attaches to the lens of the eye. C) tough outer layer of the eye, made of connective tissue. D) innermost layer of the eye that contains receptors called rods and cones.

56. Which of the following is a part of the inner ear? Select all that apply. A) The semicircular canals B) The vestibule C) The cochlea D) The retina E) The iris

57. What causes presbycusis? A) Dementia B) The normal aging process C) A buildup of fluid in the middle ear D) A buildup of cerumen in the external auditory canal

58. Which one of the following is an endocrine ? Select all that apply. A) Sweat B) Pituitary C) D) Pineal E) Salivary

Page 10 59. Where are the endocrine glands located? A) In the brain B) Throughout the body C) On the skin D) In the digestive tract

60. All of the following are effects of hormones EXCEPT which one? A) Samuel gets taller. B) Julia menstruates. C) Tim grows a moustache. D) Sarah likes sugar in her tea.

61. Which of the following endocrine glands helps to regulate the body's metabolism? A) The pancreas B) The C) The parathyroid D) The thymus

62. Epinephrine is secreted by the A) pancreas. B) gallbladder. C) . D) thymus gland.

63. Which of the following hormones causes the kidneys to save body fluid by decreasing the amount of urine produced? A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) Prolactin

64. Which hormone is involved in successful -feeding? A) Adrenocorticotropic B) Prolactin C) Thyroxine D) Estrogen

65. Which of the following hormones helps to regulate the body's sleep take cycle? A) Thyroxine B) Melatonin C) Calcitonin D) Thymosin

Page 11 66. Which of the following is a normal age-related change affecting the ? A) Menopause B) C) Type II diabetes mellitus D) Decreased sexual drive

67. Which layer of the digestive tract helps to trap disease-causing microbes and protect the delicate tissues of the digestive tract from acid? A) The submucosa B) The muscle layer C) The mucosa D) The serosa

68. Which sphincter keeps food from going back up the after it has entered the stomach? A) The esophageal B) The pyloric C) The fundal D) The exit

69. Which of the following is a region of the ? Select all that apply. A) The ascending colon B) The duodenum C) The jejunum D) The E) The ileum

70. The function of the cecum is to A) help absorb nutrients. B) digest the food that we eat. C) prevent food from backing up into the stomach. D) act as a waiting room for food entering the .

71. Where is the located? A) Attached to the cecum B) Behind the stomach C) At the back of the mouth D) Attached to the

Page 12 72. Which organ secretes hormones that regulate blood glucose levels? A) The salivary glands B) The gallbladder C) The pancreas D) The liver

73. Which of the following assists in the digestion of food? A) Chyme B) Enzymes C) Protein D) Insulin

74. What increases the small intestine's ability to absorb nutrients? A) The submucosa B) The jejunum C) The villi D) The rugae

75. In an older person, the movement of food through the digestive tract may be slower. This can put the older person at risk for A) . B) diabetes. C) heart attack. D) constipation.

76. Which of the following increases an older person's risk of choking? Select all that apply. A) Food cut into small bites B) Poorly fitting denture C) Sores on the D) Missing teeth E) A toothache

77. Which of the following increases an older person's risk of constipation? A) Immobility B) Presence of pain C) Increased peristalsis D) High fiber in the diet

Page 13 78. A relaxed, social environment for eating is important because it: Select all that apply. A) can reduce the risk of choking. B) may stimulate a person's appetite. C) increases the nutritional value of the food. D) is an important part of providing holistic care. E) helps prevent overeating and so minimizes the risk of obesity.

79. Urine from each nephron is emptied into a collecting area called the A) renal . B) glomerulus. C) efferent arteriole. D) afferent arteriole.

80. The urine that flows into the bladder is prevented from backing up into the ureters by the A) internal sphincter. B) afferent arteriole. C) efferent arteriole. D) trigone.

81. It is true for men that the A) is about 1.5 to 2.5 inches. B) begins at the urinary meatus. C) is used only as a passageway for urine to leave the body. D) is a passageway for both urine and semen to leave the body.

82. A person feels the urge to urinate when the A) renal pelvis is full of urine. B) upper segments of the ureters are full of urine. C) internal sphincter opens and allows urine to flow. D) nephron signals the brain to allow urine to collect.

83. The helps maintain the body's homeostasis by: Select all that apply. A) removing waste products from the body. B) removing excess fluid from the body. C) regulating the acidity of the blood. D) keeping the body well hydrated E) introducing fluid into the body.

Page 14 84. Which statements regarding the effects of aging on the urinary system is true? Select all that apply. A) Loss of muscle tone can reduce bladder capacity. B) Loss of muscle may contribute to stress incontinence. C) Enlargement of the gland may cause women to dribble urine. D) The kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the bloodstream may decrease. E) Incomplete emptying of the bladder increases the risk of urinary tract infections.

85. Because of the changes the aging process has on the urinary system, older residents are at risk for A) bladder cancer. B) bladder spasms. C) urinary infections. D) benign tumors.

86. How many chromosomes does a person usually have? A) 2 B) 23 C) 46 D) 100

87. Which of the following is a function of the male ? A) To deposit sperm cells so that fertilization can occur B) To produce eggs containing 23 chromosomes C) To nourish the developing fetus D) To receive sperm cells

88. Conception (fertilization) occurs when the A) sperm enters the female body. B) sperm joins the egg. C) egg is released from the . D) egg lodges in the lining of the .

89. The main function of the reproductive system in both males and females is to A) produce and transport sex cells. B) provide nourishment after the baby's birth. C) contain and nourish a developing baby. D) give birth.

Page 15 90. The internal organs of the female reproductive system include the: Select all that apply. A) fallopian tubes. B) . C) . D) . E) labia.

91. Ovulation is defined as the A) release of a ripe, mature egg from the ovaries each month. B) production of eggs to be stored in the ovaries. C) process of storing eggs in the ovaries. D) process of fertilizing an egg.

92. The in woman produce milk when A) stimulated by prolactin. B) sexually stimulated. C) puberty occurs. D) conception occurs.

93. An egg that is mature but not fertilized A) remains in the uterus until the next menstrual cycle. B) passes into the uterus, where it is usually dissolved. C) goes back into the ovary through the fallopian tubes. D) stays inside the fallopian tube until the next menstrual cycle.

94. Symptoms associated with menopause include: Select all that apply. A) hot flashes. B) irritability. C) weight loss. D) a loss of energy. E) inability to sleep.

95. Sperm cells are produced in the A) penis. B) . C) vas deferens. D) prostate gland.

Page 16 96. Sperm cells are mixed with secretions from the and the prostate gland to form semen in the A) prostate gland. B) vas deferens. C) epididymis. D) urethra.

97. Most men find that as they get older, erections occur less frequently resulting from a decrease in the production of A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) luteinizing hormone. D) follicle-stimulating hormone.

98. When a pregnant woman needs to get breast milk to her infant, the nursing assistant will help the woman A) place the baby so the breast can be sucked. B) by encouraging her to drink several glasses of fluids. C) place a cool wash cloth on the breasts. D) provide the woman with privacy.

99. An embarrassing problem that older female residents can experience after menopause includes A) bad breath. B) facial hair. C) dandruff. D) dry skin.

Page 17 Chapter 7- Test Basic Body Structure & Fuction Faculty Use Only

Answer Key

1. C 41. C 81. D 2. A 42. C 82. C 3. B 43. B 83. A, B, C 4. A 44. D 84. A, B, D, E 5. B 45. A 85. C 6. A 46. B 86. C 7. D 47. B 87. A 8. C 48. A, B, C, D 88. B 9. C 49. C 89. A 10. C 50. A 90. A, B, C 11. A, B, C, D 51. A, B, C 91. A 12. A, C, D 52. A 92. A 13. D 53. A, B, D, E 93. B 14. A 54. C 94. A, B, D, E 15. A 55. C 95. B 16. B 56. A, B, C 96. B 17. C 57. B 97. A 18. A, B, E 58. B, C, D 98. A 19. A, B, C, D 59. B 99. B 20. D 60. D 21. A 61. B 22. C 62. C 23. A 63. A 24. D 64. B 25. A 65. B 26. B 66. A 27. A 67. C 28. B, C, E 68. A 29. A 69. B, C, E 30. C 70. D 31. C 71. A 32. B 72. C 33. D 73. B 34. D 74. C 35. A, B, C, D 75. D 36. B 76. B, C, D, E 37. C 77. A 38. A 78. A, B, D 39. B 79. A 40. C 80. D

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