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Ch7 Basic Body Structure and Function Test&A

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Ch7 Basic Body Structure and Function Test&A Chapter 7- Test Name: Basic Body Structure & Fuction Date: 1. Physiology is the study of A) what body parts look like and where they are located. B) the structure and function of the human body. C) how the various body parts work. D) how organisms are created. 2. The basic unit of life is A) a cell. B) a tissue. C) an organ. D) an organ system. 3. Which one of the following is like the cell's brain? A) The cytoplasm B) The cell nucleus C) The cell organelles D) The cell membrane 4. Which cell transports oxygen throughout the body? A) Red blood B) Epithelial C) Muscle D) Nerve 5. Which one of the following is considered connective tissue? A) Mucous membrane B) Blood C) Skin D) Glands 6. Which one of the following organs is included in the integumentary system? A) The fingernails B) The gallbladder C) The pancreas D) The ureters 7. What does epithelial tissue do? A) It connects tissues together. B) It produces movement. C) It conducts information. D) It protects the body. Page 1 8. Which statement correctly describes homeostasis? A) It causes problems by invading otherwise healthy tissues. B) It reduces the immune system's ability to fight off infection. C) It is a state of balance achieved by all of the organ systems working together. D) It occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal. 9. The purpose of melanin is to A) keep the skin lubricated. B) aid in temperature regulation. C) give our skin, hair, and eyes color. D) form the hair and nails found on the body. 10. In which layer of the skin do blood vessels and nerves originate? A) The surface layer of the epidermis B) The deep layer of the epidermis C) The subcutaneous D) The dermis 11. The integumentary system consists of which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Skin B) Hair C) Nails D) Sweat glands E) Mucous membrane 12. A function of the skin is to help: Select all that apply. A) prevent pathogens from entering the body. B) improve a person's appearance. C) maintain the body's fluid balance. D) regulate body temperature. E) prevent skin blemishes. 13. Which one of the following is NOT a normal sign of the aging process? A) Wrinkles B) Gray hair C) Age spots D) Bluish skin Page 2 14. When caring for an elderly person, which of the following actions should be avoided? A) Gripping the person's arm to help him or her to stand B) Filing the fingernails with an emery board C) Patting the skin dry after a bath D) Applying lotion after a bath 15. Which of the following changes to the integumentary system is to be expected with aging? A) Decreased blood flow to the dermis B) Increased number of sebaceous glands C) Thin, fragile nails D) Pallor 16. Which of the following describes long bones? A) They are relatively thin and may be curved. B) They have a shaft and two round ends. C) They are round or oval shaped. D) They are solid and inflexible. 17. What is cartilage? A) Bands of connective tissue that attach the skeletal muscles to the bones B) A capsule formed of connective tissue that encloses the ends of the bones, forming a joint cavity C) A tough, fibrous substance that fills in the space between the bones in slightly movable joints D) The strong bands of fibrous tissue that cross over the joint capsule, attaching one bone to another and stabilizing the joint 18. Where can you find a freely movable joint? Select all that apply. A) The hip B) The finger C) The skull D) The vertebrae E) The knee 19. Which of the following is an important function of the musculoskeletal system? Select all that apply. A) Support B) Protection C) Movement D) Heat production E) Normal growth Page 3 20. The loss of bone tissue that occurs as a normal result of aging is the result of A) a lack of exercise. B) a diet low in calcium. C) a decrease in the number of bone cells. D) a decrease in the body's ability to absorb calcium. 21. What is muscle atrophy? A) The loss of muscle size and strength B) The type of muscle tissue found in the musculoskeletal system C) A disorder that causes the skeletal muscles to become weaker over time D) Increased muscle size and strength as a result of weight-bearing exercise 22. An elderly person may feel chilly in a room that a younger person would consider warm or even hot primarily because A) the elderly person has thin, fragile skin. B) elderly people tend to be thin and frail. C) age-related muscle loss affects the body's ability to produce heat. D) the thermoregulatory center does not work as well in elderly people. 23. What lines the airway? A) Mucous membrane B) Cartilage C) Alveoli D) Pleura 24. Which part of the upper airway is referred to as the voice box? A) The bronchioles B) The diaphragm C) The pharynx D) The larynx 25. Which characteristic is an indication of healthy lung tissue? A) It is elastic. B) It is dense. C) It is very red. D) It is pale pink. Page 4 26. What is the diaphragm? A) A group of special cells located in the medulla that adjusts the rate and depth of breathing as necessary B) A strong, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays an important role in ventilation C) A 밅 ? shaped ring of cartilage that helps to support the trachea and keep it open D) A membrane that prevents foreign substances from entering the delicate lungs 27. What role do chemoreceptors play in the respiratory system? A) They monitor the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood and adjust the rate and depth of breathing as necessary. B) They move the diaphragm upward, pushing the air in the alveoli out of the lungs. C) They secrete a thin fluid that allows the lungs to slide easily against the chest cavity walls during the process of breathing. D) They are blood vessels that surround the alveoli, giving healthy lung tissue its brilliant pink color. 28. Which factor reduces the respiratory system's ability to function properly? Select all that apply. A) Gender B) Immobility C) Chronic illness D) Being African American E) Exposure to toxic chemicals 29. Why are elderly people at increased risk for respiratory infections? A) The diaphragm and intercostal muscles become weaker as we age. B) Many elderly people spend a lot of time with their grandchildren, who are often sick with respiratory infections. C) As we age, the elastic lung tissue of the lungs becomes stretchier, increasing the amount of air that is taken in and let out with each breath. D) The elderly are more likely to be smokers. Page 5 30. Phagocytosis is the A) process in the center of the red blood cell where the hemoglobin sits. B) process of releasing chemicals that causes a permanent clot to develop. C) development of white blood cells that destroy pathogens by 밻ating? them. D) development of transporting oxygen molecules attached to the hemoglobin in tissue. 31. The walls of the arteries contain more smooth muscle than those of the veins because arteries A) are smaller than the veins. B) have thinner walls than the veins. C) need to contract and dilate more than veins do. D) rely on the effects of gravity to move blood. 32. The purpose of the valves in the heart is to A) help blood flow back to the heart. B) ensure that blood flows through the heart in only one direction. C) filter and clean the blood as it passes through the entire heart. D) separate the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. 33. How does the heart receive the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function? A) Oxygen and nutrients are absorbed from the blood as it passes through the heart. B) The pulmonary artery delivers oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs. C) The conduction system through its ability to make the heart contract D) The coronary circulation through its system of arteries and veins 34. What does the word respiratory refer to? A) The heart B) The blood C) The platelets D) The lungs Page 6 35. Which of the following is a function of the cardiovascular system? Select all that apply. A) Protection from infection and blood loss B) Transporting of oxygen and nutrients C) Temperature regulation D) Moving waste products E) Creating hormones 36. When the chambers of the heart fill with blood, this is referred to as A) asystole. B) diastole. C) systole. D) death. 37. Which event affects the ability of the heart to contract forcefully? A) A decreased number of red blood cells B) A decreased number of white blood cells C) A loss of muscle tone D) A loss of proteins 38. Which of the following age-related conditions decreases the body's ability to control blood pressure and flow? A) Decreased elasticity of the arteries and veins B) Less efficient contraction of the heart C) Orthostatic hypotension D) Varicose veins 39. A neuron is a A) long extension from the cell body that sends information. B) cell that can send and receive information. C) nerve impulse. D) sensory receptor. 40. The two main divisions of the nervous system are A) the myelin and the synapse.
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