DOCSLIB.ORG

BIOL 2210L Unit 3: Integumentary System Authors: Terri Koontz and Megan Hancock, CNM Biology Department

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BIOL 2210L Unit 3: Integumentary System Authors: Terri Koontz and Megan Hancock, CNM Biology Department 1 BIOL 2210L Unit 3: Integumentary System Authors: Terri Koontz and Megan Hancock, CNM Biology Department Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License Terms to Know for Unit 3 Layers of the Integument Accessory Structures of the Skin Additional Instructor Terms Epidermis Hair follicle Dermis Hair root Hypodermis Hair shaft Arrector pili muscle Cells of the Epidermis Sebaceous glands Keratinocytes sebum keratin Sweat glands Melanocytes Meissner’s corpuscle melanin Pacinian corpuscle Layers of the Epidermis Layers of the Dermis Stratum basale Papillary layer Stratum spinosum dermal papillae Stratum granulosum Reticular Layer Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum Membranes Serous Membranes Specific Serous Membranes Mucous membranes (Mucosae) Serosa Parietal pericardium Serous membranes (Serosae) Serous fluid Visceral pericardium Cutaneous membrane Parietal serosa Parietal pleura Visceral serosa Visceral pleura Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Learning Objectives (modified from HAPS learning outcomes) 1. Membranes (mucous, serous, cutaneous) a. Describe the structure and function of mucous, serous, and cutaneous membranes. b. Describe locations in the body where each type of membrane can be found. 2. General functions of the skin & the subcutaneous layer a. Describe the general functions of the skin. b. Describe the general functions of the subcutaneous layer (also known as the hypodermis). 3. Gross & microscopic anatomy of skin a. With respect to the epidermis: i. Identify and describe the tissue type making up the epidermis. 2 ii. Identify and describe the layers of the epidermis, indicating which are found in thin skin and which are found in thick skin. iii. Correlate the structure of thick and thin skin with the locations in the body where each are found. b. Identify and describe the dermis and its layers, including the tissue types making up each dermal layer. 4. Roles of specific tissue layers of skin & the subcutaneous layer a. With respect to the epidermis: i. Describe the functions of the epidermis. ii. Explain how each of the five layers, as well as each of the following cell types and substances, contributes to the functions of the epidermis: stem cells of stratum basale, keratinocytes, melanocytes, keratin, and extracellular lipids. b. With respect to the dermis: i. Describe the overall functions of the dermis. c. With respect to the subcutaneous layer: i. Describe the functions of the subcutaneous layer. 5. Anatomy & functional roles of accessory structures a. With respect to the following - sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sebaceous glands, hair (follicle and arrector pili muscle), and sensory receptors (Meissner’s & Pacinian corpuscles and hair follicle receptor): i. Identify each structure. ii. Describe the location of each structure in the body. iii. Describe the anatomy of each structure. iv. Describe the function of each structure. Explanation of Anatomy In this lab, we will begin our study of membranes. A membrane is a simple organ that contains two tissue types: an epithelium and an underlying connective tissue. There are three covering membranes of the body: mucous, serous, and cutaneous. After learning about mucous and serous membranes, we will explore the cutaneous membrane in depth. The cutaneous membrane, our “skin”, is part of the integumentary system and serves as the boundary between our internal environment and the external world. Each layer of the skin has a functional role that aids in maintaining this boundary. The epidermis and dermis are discrete layers of skin that are themselves comprised of layers. There is a deep third layer of the integumentary system called the hypodermis, and this is not a true layer of the skin. We will finish the unit by exploring accessory structures of the integumentary system such as hair and glands. Think about how many internal diseases have manifestations on the skin that can be observed externally. Take a moment to consider how much time, effort, and money are devoted over the course of our lifetimes to grooming this organ. Our self-esteem is tied to how nice this organ looks. When a disease affects the skin’s appearance, it can be uncomfortable both physically and emotionally. What is acne? Why do we have a rash? Is there a cure for flaky skin? The skin can reflect our physical health and understanding the anatomy of this incredible organ can assist with providing patient care. Membranes Membranes of the body are simple organs. The definition of an organ is a structure that contains two or more tissues that perform a specific function. Membranes are comprised of two tissue types, making it a 3 “simple organ”. The two tissue types that make up membranes are epithelial and connective tissues. Membranes cover body areas and their primary function is protection. There are three types of covering membranes: mucous (mucosa), serous (serosa), and cutaneous. Mucous membranes are wet membranes, as they are bathed in fluid. Mucous membranes are associated with body tracts (i.e. digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts) that come into contact with the external environment. All mucous membranes contain stratified squamous epithelium in the areas that switch between the “internal” and external environment. This type of epithelium protects organ walls from abrasion as solid objects coming from the outside world come into contact with this membrane. Other types of epithelium found in mucous membranes reflect the function of a particular part of that organ system’s body tract. Mini Activity: Review epithelial tissues 1. What type of epithelial tissue is associated with the digestive system because it has the function of making large enzymatic proteins that chemically digest ingested food? 2. What type of epithelial tissue is associated with the respiratory system because it has the function of sweeping mucus, containing trapped inhaled debris, to the back of the throat? 3. What type of epithelial tissue is found only in the urinary system? The type of epithelial tissue in a mucous membrane varies according to the function of the body tract at a particular location along that tract. For example, the mucous membrane epithelia in the respiratory system are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE) in the nasal cavity and the large tubes of the lower respiratory system, stratified squamous in the throat region, simple columnar and simple cuboidal in the smaller tubes of the lower respiratory system, and simple squamous in the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Each epithelial tissue type is directly related to its function at that location. The connective tissue layer that all mucous membranes share is loose areolar connective tissue, which provides nutrients to the epithelium it underlies. The loose structure of areolar tissue allows for the quick diffusion of needed nutrients from the digestive and respiratory systems into the bloodstream. Serous membranes Serous membranes allow for internal organs to rub against one another in a relatively frictionless environment. The double layer membrane of serous membranes contains tissue types that are structured to perform diffusion: simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue. The inner membrane of this double membrane attaches directly to the organ while the outer membrane attaches to the body cavity wall. The double layer serous membrane is also referred to as serosa. 4 Mini Activity: “Seeing” the double layering of serosa Take a piece of paper and fold it in half. Put the folded piece of paper on the table in front of you. Write parietal on the side that is not in contact with the table and write visceral on the side that is touching the table. The table represents an organ in the body. 1. What does visceral mean? 2. Now take your four fingers, which in this activity represent four ribs, and put them on top of the paper next to the word parietal. Ribs make up the wall of the thoracic body cavity. The word parietal is derived from a Latin word that means wall. Looking at the table, the folded paper, and your four fingers, can you correctly identify in the image below which letter represents the visceral serosa and which letter represents the parietal serosa? Write what you think are the correct identifications for those two serosal layers on the blank lines next to letters A and B. Image 1: Pleura Modified Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International by Cancer Research UK uploader URL: Pleura The visceral serosa attaches to an organ. The word visceral means inner organ. The parietal serosa attaches to the body cavity wall. The space between these two serosal layers contains serous fluid. Serous fluid allows body organs to slip and slide against one another with very little friction, preventing abrasive forces that could cause organ damage. Specific serous membranes Three areas in the body have serous membranes: lungs, heart, and digestive organs. 5 The mini activity that you just did relates to the serosa surrounding the lungs (see Image 1). Lungs are encased in serous membranes specifically called pleura. The visceral pleura (labeled B.) directly attaches to the lung, whereas the parietal pleura (labeled A.) directly attaches to the thoracic body cavity wall. The serosa that surrounds the heart also has its own specific name called the pericardium. Peri- translates to “surrounds” (just like the perimeter of a building). Cardium means heart. The visceral pericardium directly attaches to the heart and the parietal pericardium is the outer serosal layer. Digestive organs are surrounded by their own serosa that is specifically called peritoneum. Visceral peritoneum attaches to digestive organs like the small intestines and stomach. The parietal peritoneum attaches to the abdominal body cavity wall. Layers of the Integument The integumentary system contains one of the largest organs of the body, the skin. The skin has a surface area of about one and half square meters and weighs approximately nine pounds, which is three times the weight of the average brain! The word integument means covering, and this external organ is our first line of defense against the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Hair
    Chapter 2 Provisional chapter Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Bilgen Erdoğan ğ AdditionalBilgen Erdo informationan is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67269 Abstract Hair is one of the characteristic features of mammals and has various functions such as protection against external factors; producing sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones; impact on social and sexual interactions; thermoregulation and being a resource for stem cells. Hair is a derivative of the epidermis and consists of two distinct parts: the follicle and the hair shaft. The follicle is the essential unit for the generation of hair. The hair shaft consists of a cortex and cuticle cells, and a medulla for some types of hairs. Hair follicle has a continuous growth and rest sequence named hair cycle. The duration of growth and rest cycles is coordinated by many endocrine, vascular and neural stimuli and depends not only on localization of the hair but also on various factors, like age and nutritional habits. Distinctive anatomy and physiology of hair follicle are presented in this chapter. Extensive knowledge on anatomical and physiological aspects of hair can contribute to understand and heal different hair disorders. Keywords: hair, follicle, anatomy, physiology, shaft 1. Introduction The hair follicle is one of the characteristic features of mammals serves as a unique miniorgan (Figure 1). In humans, hair has various functions such as protection against external factors, sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones production and thermoregulation. The hair also plays important roles for the individual’s social and sexual interaction [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Nerve Block of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
    18VTLLAA 1 Nerve block of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Dr. Robert M Raw (MD) . MBChB, MFGP, MPraxMed, DA, FCA. Professor of Anesthesia retired Editor of Regional-Anesthesia.Com INDEX. 1. Introduction 2. Anatomy 3. Choice of local anesthetic 4. General indications 5. Complications and side effects 6. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. INTRODUCTION The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN) is the single human nerve most subject to anatomic variations. Figure #1shows the dermatome of LFCN. The nerve is small and mostly invisible under ultrasound scanning. For nerve block success, drug must be injected into four fascial compartments, each of which a variant nerve type may pass through in different individuals. 2. ANATOMY The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensory nerve supplying the skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh. That sensory area nearly reaches the thigh posterior midline and the thigh anterior midline. Its superior limit passes over the greater trochanter and its inferior limit nearly reaches the height of the patella. The typical LCNT, in 60% of patients, is a branch of the lumbar plexus deriving from the dorsal divisions of nerve roots L2 and L3. The LFCN forms within the psoas muscle, and exits the pelvis medial to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and under the inguinal ligament. It then passes over the sartorius muscle, under fascia lata, before branching into its final Figure 1. Classic dermatomal distribution of the divisions. In forty percent of patients the LFCN lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), derived has completely different anatomy, but from Sobotta. fortunately the nerve always passes in proximity to the proximal sartorius muscle.
    [Show full text]
  • Diapositiva 1
    Ingegneria delle tecnologie per la salute Fondamenti di anatomia e istologia Apparato tegumentario aa. 2017-18 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM integumentary system = refers to skin and its accessory structures responsible for much more than simply human outward appearance: about 16% of body weight, covering an area of 1.5 to 2 m2 (= largest organ system in human body). • skin protects inner organs INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM • skin = even not typical, but an organ, made of tissues that work together as a single structure to perform unique and critical functions • integumentary system = skin + its accessory structures, providing body with overall protection. • made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue: deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from brain. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Overview • Largest organ (15% of body weight) • Epidermis – keratinized stratified squamous epithelium • Dermis – connective tissue layer • Hypodermis • Thickness variable, normally 1-2 mm – dermis may thicken, up to 6 mm – stratum corneum layer increased • calluses on hands and feet Structure of the Skin 2 layers: epidermis + dermis SKIN: histology SKIN: histology SKIN: histology Cells of the Epidermis • Stem cells – undifferentiated cells in deepest layers • Keratinocytes – most of the skin cells • Melanocytes – synthesize pigment that shield UV • Tactile (merkel) cells – receptor cells associated with nerve fibers • Dendritic (langerhans) cells – macrophages guard against pathogens Cell and Layers of the Epidermis Epidermis: histology = composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, made of 4 or 5 layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in body.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparatory: 1 Venous Access and Medication Administration: 4
    Preparatory: 1 Venous Access and Medication Administration: 4 W4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE 1-4 At the completion of this unit, the EMT-Critical Care Technician student will be able to safely and precisely access the venous circulation and administer medications. COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES At the completion of this unit, the EMT-Critical Care Technician student will be able to: 1-4.1 Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.2 Review mathematical principles. (C-1) 1-4.3 Review mathematical equivalents. (C-1) 1-4.4 Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales. (C-3) 1-4.5 Discuss formulas as a basis for performing drug calculations. (C-1) 1-4.6 Calculate oral and parenteral drug dosages for all emergency medications administered to adults, infants and children. (C-2) 1-4.7 Calculate intravenous infusion rates for adults, infants, and children. (C-2) 1-4.8 Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.9 Discuss the "six rights" of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.10 Discuss medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques. (C-1) 1-4.11 Describe use of antiseptics and disinfectants. (C-1) 1-4.12 Describe the use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures when administering a medication. (C-1) 1-4.13 Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous cannulation (Including saline locks). (C-1) 1-4.14 Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of intraosseous needle placement and infusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathologic Patterns of the Sebaceous Gland* John S
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector PATHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND* JOHN S. STRAUSS, M.D.t AND ALBERT M. KLIGMAN, M.D. By studying the way in which a structurecells which subsequently rupture in the fundus reacts to an imposed experimental stress, oneof the gland. Fragments of the thin eosinophilie can often better understand the changes ex-cell wall, which morphologically resemble kera- hibited in spontaneous dlsease. Much has beentin, persist in the sebum; occasionally the entire learned about the potentialities of the eccrinecell walls survive as ghosts. Furthermore, the in- and apocrine sweat units in this fashion (1—12).dividual oil droplets are separated by keratin- Previous study of the response to injury in thelike trabeculae. A dual potentiality is exhibited sebaceous gland has been restricted mainly to theby sebaceous cells in their capacity to produce changes that occur in the sebaceous duct per sefat predominantly and keratin to a minor de- (13). In this study we have followed the reac-gree. Epidermal cells have this bipotentiality tion of the sebaceous gland itself to a variety ofwith keratin as the major product. cutaneous insults and have correlated the findings with those which occur in disease states. MA.TERIALS AND METRODS The scalp and cheek of post-puberal individuals MOBPOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF were selected for study because the glands here TRN SEACEOUS GLAND are among the largest and most numerous. Biopsy 1.Morphology: The glands of the glabrous skinspecimens were obtained before the experimental are not free but are associated with hair follicles,stresses as well as at varying intervals afterwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
    Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails ­proficiency­in­communicating­with­healthcare­professionals­such­as­physicians,­nurses,­ or dentists.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4 the Integumentary System
    CHAPTER 4 The Integumentary System LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Name the two layers of the skin. • Name the accessory structures of the integumentary system. • Build and pronounce medical terms of the integumentary system. • Name the disorders and treatments relating to the integumentary system. • Name the major classifi cations of pharmacologic agents used to treat skin disorders. • Analyze and defi ne the new terms introduced in this chapter. • Interpret abbreviations associated with the integumentary system. 53 54 PART TWO • BODY SYSTEMS Introduction The largest organ of the body is the skin. The skin covers the entire body—more than 20 square feet on average—and weighs about 24 pounds. It is part of the integumentary system, which also includes the accessory structures: hair, nails, and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands. Integumentum is Latin for “covering” or “shelter.” The physician who specializes in the diag- nosis and treatment of skin disorders is called a dermatologist (dermat/o being one of the com- bining forms for skin). Coupling the root dermat/o with the previously learned suffi x -logy gives us the term dermatology , which is the term for the specialty practice that deals with the skin. Word Elements The major word elements that relate to the integumentary system consist of various anatomical components, accessory structures, colors of the skin, and abnormal conditions. The Word Ele- ments table lists many of the roots, their meanings, and examples associated
    [Show full text]
  • ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update
    The ASAM NATIONAL The ASAM National Practice Guideline 2020 Focused Update Guideline 2020 Focused National Practice The ASAM PRACTICE GUIDELINE For the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder 2020 Focused Update Adopted by the ASAM Board of Directors December 18, 2019. © Copyright 2020. American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial, advertising or promotional purposes, and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the fi rst page. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form on servers, redistribution to lists, or other uses of this material, require prior specifi c written permission or license from the Society. American Society of Addiction Medicine 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20852 Phone: (301) 656-3920 Fax (301) 656-3815 E-mail: [email protected] www.asam.org CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update 2020 Focused Update Guideline Committee members Kyle Kampman, MD, Chair (alpha order): Daniel Langleben, MD Chinazo Cunningham, MD, MS, FASAM Ben Nordstrom, MD, PhD Mark J. Edlund, MD, PhD David Oslin, MD Marc Fishman, MD, DFASAM George Woody, MD Adam J. Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAM Tricia Wright, MD, MS Hendre´e E. Jones, PhD Stephen Wyatt, DO Kyle M. Kampman, MD, FASAM, Chair 2015 ASAM Quality Improvement Council (alpha order): Daniel Langleben, MD John Femino, MD, FASAM Marjorie Meyer, MD Margaret Jarvis, MD, FASAM, Chair Sandra Springer, MD, FASAM Margaret Kotz, DO, FASAM George Woody, MD Sandrine Pirard, MD, MPH, PhD Tricia E.
    [Show full text]
  • Enabling Sweat-Based Biosensors: Solving the Problem of Low
    Enabling sweat-based biosensors: Solving the problem of low biomarker concentration in sweat A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biomedical Engineering of the College of Engineering & Applied Science by Andrew J. Jajack B.S., Biology, Wittenberg University, 2014 Committee Chairs: Jason C. Heikenfeld, Ph.D. and Chia-Ying Lin, Ph.D. Abstract Non-invasive, sweat biosensing will enable the development of an entirely new class of wearable devices capable of assessing health on a minute-to-minute basis. Every aspect of healthcare stands to benefit: prevention (activity tracking, stress-level monitoring, over-exertion alerting, dehydration warning), diagnosis (early-detection, new diagnostic techniques), and management (glucose tracking, drug-dose monitoring). Currently, blood is the gold standard for measuring the level of most biomarkers in the body. Unlike blood, sweat can be measured outside of the body with little inconvenience. While some biomarkers are produced in the sweat gland itself, most are produced elsewhere and must diffuse into sweat. These biomarkers come directly from blood or interstitial fluid which surrounds the sweat gland. However, a two-cell thick epithelium acts as barrier and dilutes most biomarkers in sweat. As a result, many biomarkers that would be useful to monitor are diluted in sweat to concentrations below what can be detected by current biosensors. This is a core challenge that must be overcome before the advantages of sweat biosensing can be fully realized. The objective of this dissertation is to develop methods of concentrating biomarkers in sweat to bring them into range of available biosensors.
    [Show full text]
  • SUBLOCADE Education Brochure | SUBLOCADE® (Buprenorphine Extended-Release) Injection, for Subcutaneous Use (CIII) KEEP MOVING TOWARDS RECOVERY with Once-Monthly
    SUBLOCADE® (buprenorphine extended-release) injection, for subcutaneous use (CIII) is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with moderate to severe addiction (dependence) to opioid drugs (prescription or illegal) who have received an oral transmucosal (used under the tongue or inside the cheek) buprenorphine-containing medicine at a dose that controls withdrawal symptoms for at least 7 days. SUBLOCADE is part of a complete treatment plan that should include counseling. SUBLOCADE Education Brochure | SUBLOCADE® (buprenorphine extended-release) injection, for subcutaneous use (CIII) KEEP MOVING TOWARDS RECOVERY with once-monthly Individuals depicted are models used for illustrative purposes only. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Because of the serious risk of potential harm or death from self-injecting SUBLOCADE into a vein (intravenously), it is only available through a restricted program called the SUBLOCADE REMS Program. • SUBLOCADE is not available in retail pharmacies. • Your SUBLOCADE injection will only be given to you by a certified healthcare provider. Please see SUBLOCADE full Prescribing Information including BOXED WARNING and Medication Guide at sublocade.com, or included in the back of this brochure. Opioid addiction may be an overwhelming problem. But don’t give up. There are different ways to tackle it. Living with opioid addiction can be a struggle. But it’s important Opioid addiction is actually a disease called Opioid Use Disorder Medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which combines to understand that even when someone tries again and again (OUD), and it involves compulsive drug seeking and use, despite medication and counseling, is an option that can help manage to quit, it’s not a sign of weakness or failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook ESRA
    TECHNIQUES HEAD & NECK 4 Intracranial surgery p. 3 Eye blocks p. 5 Face anatomy p. 16 Face particularity p. 23 Ophtalmic nerve blocks p. 27 Maxillary nerve blocks p. 33 Mandibular nerve blocks p. 46 THORAX & ABDOMEN 50 Epidural anaesthesia in Cardio-thoracic surgery p. 50 Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric block p. 55 Peri-umbilical & Rectus sheath block p. 57 Pudendal block p. 58 UPPER LIMB 61 Choice of a technique p. 61 Brachial plexus anatomy p. 65 Interscalen block p. 68 Supraclavicular blocks p. 73 Infraclavicular blocks p. 80 Axillary block p. 83 LOWER LIMB 90 Lumbar plexus block p. 90 Iliofascial block p. 100 Obturator block p. 102 Sciatic blocks o Sciatic blocks - parasacral nerve approach p. 109 o Sciatic blocks - posterior popliteal approach p. 115 Ankle blocks p. 119 AXIAL BLOCKS 123 Lumbar epidural p. 123 OBSTETRICS AXIAL BLOCKS 126 Epidural p. 126 PERIPHERAL BLOCKS Pudendal block p. 58 2 Aknowledgement The provenience of the materials included in this handbook is from the Learning Zone on the official site of “European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy”. http://www.esra-learning.com/ 2007 3 HEAD & TABLE OF CONTENTS NECK • Intracranial surgery • Eye blocks • Face anatomy • Face particularity • Ophtalmic nerve blocks • Maxillary nerve blocks • Mandibular nerve blocks • Cervical plexus blocks HEAD & INTRACRANIAL SURGERY NECK Paul J. Zetlaoui, M.D. Kremlin-Bicetre - France In intra-cranial neurosurgery, scalp infiltration aims to prevent systematic and cerebral hemodynamic variations, contemporary of skin incision. The potential morbidity of these hypertension-tachycardia episodes, even in patients profoundly anaesthetized, is secondary in the increase of the cerebral blood flow and in its deleterious consequences on intra-cranial pressure in these compromised patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch7 Basic Body Structure and Function Test&A
    Chapter 7- Test Name: Basic Body Structure & Fuction Date: 1. Physiology is the study of A) what body parts look like and where they are located. B) the structure and function of the human body. C) how the various body parts work. D) how organisms are created. 2. The basic unit of life is A) a cell. B) a tissue. C) an organ. D) an organ system. 3. Which one of the following is like the cell's brain? A) The cytoplasm B) The cell nucleus C) The cell organelles D) The cell membrane 4. Which cell transports oxygen throughout the body? A) Red blood B) Epithelial C) Muscle D) Nerve 5. Which one of the following is considered connective tissue? A) Mucous membrane B) Blood C) Skin D) Glands 6. Which one of the following organs is included in the integumentary system? A) The fingernails B) The gallbladder C) The pancreas D) The ureters 7. What does epithelial tissue do? A) It connects tissues together. B) It produces movement. C) It conducts information. D) It protects the body. Page 1 8. Which statement correctly describes homeostasis? A) It causes problems by invading otherwise healthy tissues. B) It reduces the immune system's ability to fight off infection. C) It is a state of balance achieved by all of the organ systems working together. D) It occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal. 9. The purpose of melanin is to A) keep the skin lubricated. B) aid in temperature regulation. C) give our skin, hair, and eyes color.
    [Show full text]