Lesson 3: the Human Integumentary and Fascial Systems
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CHAPTER 4 the Integumentary System
CHAPTER 4 The Integumentary System LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Name the two layers of the skin. • Name the accessory structures of the integumentary system. • Build and pronounce medical terms of the integumentary system. • Name the disorders and treatments relating to the integumentary system. • Name the major classifi cations of pharmacologic agents used to treat skin disorders. • Analyze and defi ne the new terms introduced in this chapter. • Interpret abbreviations associated with the integumentary system. 53 54 PART TWO • BODY SYSTEMS Introduction The largest organ of the body is the skin. The skin covers the entire body—more than 20 square feet on average—and weighs about 24 pounds. It is part of the integumentary system, which also includes the accessory structures: hair, nails, and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands. Integumentum is Latin for “covering” or “shelter.” The physician who specializes in the diag- nosis and treatment of skin disorders is called a dermatologist (dermat/o being one of the com- bining forms for skin). Coupling the root dermat/o with the previously learned suffi x -logy gives us the term dermatology , which is the term for the specialty practice that deals with the skin. Word Elements The major word elements that relate to the integumentary system consist of various anatomical components, accessory structures, colors of the skin, and abnormal conditions. The Word Ele- ments table lists many of the roots, their meanings, and examples associated -
Ch7 Basic Body Structure and Function Test&A
Chapter 7- Test Name: Basic Body Structure & Fuction Date: 1. Physiology is the study of A) what body parts look like and where they are located. B) the structure and function of the human body. C) how the various body parts work. D) how organisms are created. 2. The basic unit of life is A) a cell. B) a tissue. C) an organ. D) an organ system. 3. Which one of the following is like the cell's brain? A) The cytoplasm B) The cell nucleus C) The cell organelles D) The cell membrane 4. Which cell transports oxygen throughout the body? A) Red blood B) Epithelial C) Muscle D) Nerve 5. Which one of the following is considered connective tissue? A) Mucous membrane B) Blood C) Skin D) Glands 6. Which one of the following organs is included in the integumentary system? A) The fingernails B) The gallbladder C) The pancreas D) The ureters 7. What does epithelial tissue do? A) It connects tissues together. B) It produces movement. C) It conducts information. D) It protects the body. Page 1 8. Which statement correctly describes homeostasis? A) It causes problems by invading otherwise healthy tissues. B) It reduces the immune system's ability to fight off infection. C) It is a state of balance achieved by all of the organ systems working together. D) It occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal. 9. The purpose of melanin is to A) keep the skin lubricated. B) aid in temperature regulation. C) give our skin, hair, and eyes color. -
The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Skin is the system of the body that makes an individual beautiful! Skin/fur coloration allows animals to be camouflaged. *The skin is the largest organ of the body. The skin and its derivatives (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands) make up the integumentary system. The total surface area of the skin is about 1.8 m² and its total weight is about 11 kg. The skin gives us our appearance and shape. Anatomy of the Skin • Skin is made up of two layers that cover a third fatty layer. The outer layer is called the epidermis; it is a tough protective layer. The second layer (located under the epidermis) is called the dermis; it contains nerve endings, sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles. Under these two skin layers is a fatty layer called the subcutaneous tissue, or hypodermis. 1 • The dermis is home to the oil glands. These are also called sebaceous glands, and they are always producing sebum. Sebum is your skin's own natural oil. It rises to the surface of your epidermis to keep your skin lubricated and protected. It also makes your skin waterproof. • Skin is alive! It's made of many thin sheets of flat, stacked cells. Older cells are constantly being pushed to the surface by new cells, which grow from below. When the old ones reach the top, they become wider and flatter as they get rubbed and worn by all your activity. And, sooner or later, they end up popping off like tiles blown from a roof in a strong wind. -