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Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2401 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 JAP.- UK.- (ver Aeronca y Aeronco) J.A. Prestwick & Company Ltd. de Londres fué un fabricante inglés de motocicletas conocido como John Alfred Prestwick. -Su primer motor aplicado a la aviación fué un 9 HP bicilíndrico de dos en V, en 1907, pesado y con poca fuerza. “JAP en un AVRO” -El siguiente fué en 1909, un 4V a 90º, enfriado por aire con válvulas de admisión y lumbreras de escape. Con 20 -Como vemos, se trata de un Avro triplano, con destino en HP. las fuerzas aéreas italianas, según la información recogida de la revista. -La JAP fué fundada por J.A. Prestwick en 1895 y en la ciudad de Tottenham. -Fué conocido por la fabricación de proyectores de ci nematografi a y motores de combustión interna. Antes de los JAP Aeronca hizo el V4, vertical, que fué construído en 1910 y tenía 35 HP. -Uno de éstos motores se instaló en el avión australiano construido por Lawrence Marshall, volando en 1912. Es posible que el motor expuesto en el Museo “Australian National Air Museum” de Moorabbin. “20 HP” -Hizo motores con 30 HP y 35/40 HP (este último de V8). -Posteriormente pasó a la fórmula de cilindros horizon- tales opuestos como el 38 HP, o el J-99 de 36 HP en los Aeronca-JAP (el E-113C) extensivamente usado en UK. -De los años 1936 a 1940. Es un 2 cilindros horizontales opuestos. -Del Apendice 6: Nos aparece ahora en una publicación italiana un motor JAP de cuatro cilindros en linea con una potencia de 20 CV. -Posiblemente un motor de automóvil adaptado de J.A Prestwick. “JAP V4 aeronáutico” * * * “H” -En los albores de los 1900’s hay trabajos iniciales con turbinas de gas como las de Sanford, Moss o de Lemale y Armengoud, de poco rendimiento pero esenciales para futuros experimentos. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2402 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 -El modelo V4 del año 1910 ya se muestra en el texto principal, pero ahora disponemos de una fotografi a mejor. -Construido por J.A. Prestwick (JAP), fué un ingeniero que fundó la compañia en 1895. Tambien hizo máquinas de proyección cinematográfi ca. -La empresa se integró en la Villiers Eng. Company en 1965. Pero durante la WWII ya colaboraron ambas. -Del Apendice 7: Constructor de motocicletas que tambien intervino en el desarrollo de la motoristica de aviación. Primero adaptando sus clientes los motores sencillos de dos cilindros en V, en multitud de aviones. “Motor JAP V8” “Dos ejemplos de JAP de motocicletas adaptados”(PeT) -Los motores de motocicletas utilizadxos estaban entre 6 y 16 HP. “V8 de JAP en tipo Bleriot” (PeT-fmr) -Tambien hizo motores de cuatro cilindros y 20 HP y el siguiente de 8 cilindros en V y 35 Hp. -Del motor JAP.99 que se menciona en el texto principal tenemos ahora algo mas de información. De un Museo inglés De dos cilindros horizontales opuestos. * * * “H” -En los albores de los 1900’s hay trabajos iniciales con turbinas de gas como las de Sanford, Moss o de Lemale y Armengoud, de poco rendimiento pero esenciales para futuros experimentos. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2403 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 “J.99, seccionado” “J.99. Vista frontal y posterior -sin magnetos-” -Del Apendice 9: Se han localizado dos nuevas imagenes del V8, enfriado por aire. “Aspecto del J.99 en un refi nado Cygnet” ““Eszquema del JAP V-8” * * * “H” -Tsiolkowsky se dá a conocer con publicaciones sobre vuelos espaciales. Se le considera el padre de la astronáutica. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2404 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 JATO y RATO .- Int’l. Acrónimos de unos pequeños motores que se instalan de manera generalmente adosada para ayudar al despegue de aviones con mucha carga, en pistas cortas o elevadas. -JATO signifi ca “Jet Assisted Take-Off”. -RATO signifi ca “Rocket Assited Take-Off”. Ambos son lo mismo. -En USA el lider de la fabricación de éstos motores ha sido la Aerojet (ver) y en Alemania, por ejemplo, en la “Bonita foto del V-8 de la JAP” segunda guerra mundial lo fueron Walter y Schmidding (ver también). -Anunciado tomado del blog de Aviation Ancestry del motor JAP V8. “Corte esquemático de un JATO” “El anuncio” -Los motores cohete de ayuda al despegue, llamados tam- bién “boosters” eran reutilizables. -Después de haber consumido el combustible sólido se podían lanzar y recuperar por un equipo de tierra. Se lim- piaban y se recargaban. JAPANESE AERO ENGINES. - Japón. (ver JAE) Colabora con IHI en el diseño y fabricación del RJ-500. -En el esquema anterior vemos el motor como una cápsula o botella con unas fi jaciones. * * * “H” -1906 es el año de un experimento alemán de una turbina de gas movida por los escapes de un motor de émbolo. Aldershut y Lorenzen. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2405 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 -Tiene una salida para los gases de la combustión en la parte central posterior, a la izquierda de la foto. -En ésta parte se inicia la combustión por un dispositivo eléctrico -ver el cable conductor- y a su lado una válvula de seguridad en caso de obstrucción de la boquilla (noz- zle) de salida. -La carga sólida que se utilizó por primera vez en los EEUU y en la primavera del año 1942 por el Instituto Técnico de California fué una mezcla de perclorato po- tásico como oxidizador y como combustibles, asfalto y aceite lubricante. -Todo en una mezcla homogénea que formaría la carga del motor. “Despegando de La Paz, Bolivia” -Posteriormente la Aerojet utilizaría varios tipos de com- bustible, con humo, sin humo, etc. -Un modelo de Aerojet, el 12AS-1000D-5 daría por ejem- plo 1000 libras de empuje durante 12 segundos. “Despegando del aeropuerto de ciudad de Mexico” “Durante la WWII y después de ella” -A continuación una curiosa fotografía en que un Convair 240 despega con un motor parado y su hélice en bandera simulando una emergancia, apoyado por un Jato debajo del fuselaje. * * * “H” -Karavodine ensaya motores de combustión pulsante, en forma de conductos térmicos. Año 1909. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2406 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 “Despegue de un B-707 contaminando -sin Jatos-” “Convair 240 en San Diego Air Field” Nota: Hasta éste punto de la ampliación es un extracto de un artículo en Airliners de Ed Davis. -Ahora, como curiosidad, el despegue de un B-47 con ins talación de racimos de Jatos en el fuselaje y con sus J-47 hechando humos debido a la inyección de agua. -En los años 1950’s y 60’s no había Normativas Medioam- bientales y los civiles B-707, DC-8 o los Convair Astrojets (CV-990) echaban igualmente -en el despegue- esos pena- chos de humo tan densos de sus turbinas y como vemos en el B-47 de los Jatos. “Un Thunderjet despegando desde punto fi jo” -Estos despegues se efectuan con la ayuda de “Boos ters” que aunque pueden considerarse JATOS, son más poderosos. “Boeing B-47 asistido con Jatos” * * * “H” -1909 es el año en que Lorin presenta sus motores de émbolo con los escapes dirigidos hacia atrás. Ver Lorin. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 9/12 Página: 2407 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 JAVELIN. - USA. La Javelin Aircraft Company, adapta JAVELIN. - USA. Las empresas Raytheon y Lockheed los motores Ford V-6 para su uso en “homebuilts” y otros Martin se unen para el programa Javelin, en concreto el aviones mediante STC’s (Supplementary Type Certifi - misil tierra-tierra (y aire en caso de objetivos como he- cates). licópteros), para ser lanzado por la infanteria contra blin dados, casamatas, etc. -El Javelin FGM-148 es sustituto del famoso Milan. Po- see dos motores cohete, uno para cada fase. La primera de lanzamiento saca el misil del tubo lanzador, sin gran- des retrocesos que inestabilicen al soldado. Una vez fuera se pone en marcha el segundo motor que lo pone en tra- yectoria al objetivo. Combustibles sólidos. “Ford V-6” -Javelin trabaja también en el sector de suministro a la industria de automoción. Sus adaptaciones más conocidas son las del Ford 140, Ford Mustang y Cobra, Ford Escort / Lynx 98 o el Javelin-Windsor Ford de 230 HP.
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