How Many Valves Per Cylinder (Revised) – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Or 8? with Illustrations and a P.S
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ATV/OFMC Regulations
ATV/OFMC Regulations ATV/OFMC Workshop July 21, 2004 Linc Wehrly Off-Highway Motorcycle (OFMC) Standards Table 1 of §1051.105 – Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-Highway Motorcycles (g/km) Model Year Phase-in Emission Standards Maximum allowable family (percent) emission limits HC+NOx CO HC+NOx CO 2006 50 2.0 25 20 50 2007 and 100 2.0 25 20 50 later • Averaging, banking and trading for HC+NOx and CO • Competition exemption (§1051.620) • Minimum useful life of 10,000 km or 5years Alternative OFMC Standards Alternative Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-Highway Motorcycles (g/km) Model Year Phase-in Emission Standards (percent) HC+NOx CO 2007 100 4.0 35 • No competition exemption • At least 10% of models must have four of the following: –Absence of headlight or other lights – Absence of spark arrester – Absence of a manufacturer warranty – Suspension travel greater than 10 inches – Engine displacement greater than 50 cc – Absence of a functional seat • Averaging and banking for HC+NOx only – No trading OFMC Less Than 70 cc Emission Standards • OFMC with engines less than 70 cc have option to certify to engine-based exhaust standards (§1051.615) Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-Highway Motorcycles Less Than 70 cc (g/kW-hr) Model Year Phase-in Emission Standards Maximum allowable family (percent) emission limits HC+NOx CO HC+NOx CO 2006 50 16.1 519 32.2 -- 2007 and 100 16.1 519 32.2 -- later • Averaging, banking and trading for HC+NOx only • Minimum useful life of 5,000 km or 5 years • Engine-based test cycle – 6 Mode Duty Cycle for Recreational -
Cylinder Deactivation: a Technology with a Future Or a Niche Application?: Schaeffler Symposium
172 173 Cylinder Deactivation A technology with a future or a niche application? N O D H I O E A S M I O U E N L O A N G A D F J G I O J E R U I N K O P J E W L S P N Z A D F T O I E O H O I O O A N G A D F J G I O J E R U I N K O P O A N G A D F J G I O J E R O I E U G I A F E D O N G I U A M U H I O G D N O I E R N G M D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L O G D W O I A D U I G I R Z H I O G D N O I E R N G M D S A U K N M H I O G D N O I E R N G E Q R I U Z T R E W Q L K J P B E Q R I U Z T R E W Q L K J K R E W S P L O C Y Q D M F E F B S A T B G P D R D D L R A E F B A F V N K F N K R E W S P D L R N E F B A F V N K F N T R E C L P Q A C E Z R W D E S T R E C L P Q A C E Z R W D K R E W S P L O C Y Q D M F E F B S A T B G P D B D D L R B E Z B A F V R K F N K R E W S P Z L R B E O B A F V N K F N J H L M O K N I J U H B Z G D P J H L M O K N I J U H B Z G B N D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L W O I E P ArndtN N BIhlemannA U A H I O G D N P I E R N G M D S A U K Z Q H I O G D N W I E R N G M D A M O E P B D B H M G R X B D V B D L D B E O I P R N G M D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L W O Q T V I E P NorbertN Z R NitzA U A H I R G D N O I Q R N G M D S A U K Z Q H I O G D N O I Y R N G M D E K J I R U A N D O C G I U A E M S Q F G D L N C A W Z Y K F E Q L O P N G S A Y B G D S W L Z U K O G I K C K P M N E S W L N C U W Z Y K F E Q L O P P M N E S W L N C T W Z Y K M O T M E U A N D U Y G E U V Z N H I O Z D R V L G R A K G E C L Z E M S A C I T P M O S G R U C Z G Z M O Q O D N V U S G R V L G R M K G E C L Z E M D N V U S G R V L G R X K G T N U G I C K O -
KAWASAKI MOTORCYCLE HISTORY 1952—2014 * This Pamphlet Contains a Selection of Key Models Throughout Kawasaki’S History
KAWASAKI MOTORCYCLE HISTORY 1952—2014 * This pamphlet contains a selection of key models throughout Kawasaki’s history. It is not intended to be a complete compilation. * Model years and release dates may vary by market. 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 P/N 99941-1454 ALL-E Printed in Japan. 14-II Overseas sales of the Z1 (900 cm3) start. 3 3 3 Kawasaki A factory dedicated exclusively to The Z1100GP is released. The first model in the supersport GP line-up Sales of the Vulcan 750, Kawasaki’s first V-Twin American-style Cruiser, Sales of the new Kawasaki flagship model, the ZZ-R1100 (Ninja Ninja ZX-9R Overseas sales of the Overseas sales of the Ninja ZX-12R (1200 cm ) commence. KX250F Sales of the KX250F, Z1000 Like its predecessor, the new KLX450R The KLX450R Z1000 With the introduction of the The Ninja 1000 (Z1000SX The Ninja ZX-14R (ZZR1400 ABS in Europe) arrives. The new Ninja ZX-10R (1000 cm ) is introduced. Complementing its Z250 With the Z250, Kawasaki A head-turning new Z1000 debuts. KSR PRO The KSR PRO (110 cm ) is added Kawasaki Legends 1952 1960 125 New Ace motorcycle production is 1972 Sales of a domestic version, the Z2 (750 cm3), start the 1980 features Fuel Injection and an oil cooler. 1985 commence. 1990 ZX-11 in N. America), commence. 1994 Ninja ZX-9R (900 cm3) 2000 2004 Kawasaki’s first 4-stroke 2007 Z1000 takes the performance 2008 makes its debut. 2010 new Z1000, Kawasaki takes 2011 in Europe), a bike that 2012 2013 already high base performance, it is equipped with a new electronic 2013 brings the wild excitement 2014 2014 to the KSR mini-motard line-up. -
302S Owner's Manual
TnT302S OWNER’S MANUAL CONTENTS 256778 CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... Important Reminder ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Preface .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Safety Notes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ Safe Driving Rules ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Protective Riding Gear .............................................................................................................................................................................. VIN Number & Engine Number ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Location of Parts .............................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Motorcycle Safety and Intelligent Transportation Systems Gap Analysis Final Report
Motorcycle Safety and Intelligent Transportation Systems Gap Analysis Final Report www.its.dot.gov/index.htm Final Report — October 2018 FHWA-JPO-18-700 Cover Photo Source: iStockphoto.com Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The U.S. Government is not endorsing any manufacturers, products, or services cited herein and any trade name that may appear in the work has been included only because it is essential to the contents of the work. Technical Report Documentation Page 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-JPO-18-700 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Motorcycle Safety and Intelligent Transportation Systems Gap Analysis, Final Report October 2018 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Erin Flanigan, Katherine Blizzard, Aldo Tudela Rivadeneyra, Robert Campbell 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1200 Bethesda, MD 20814 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-12-D-00042 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report, August 2014 to April 2017 FHWA Office of Operations (FHWA HOP) 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code FHWA HOP 15. Supplementary Notes Government Task Manager: Jeremy Gunderson, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 16. Abstract Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) present an array of promising ways to improve motorcycle safety. -
Exergetic, Exergoeconomic and Sustainability Assessments of Piston-Prop Aircraft Engines
Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi, 32, 2, 133-143, 2012 J. of Thermal Science and Technology ©2012 TIBTD Printed in Turkey ISSN 1300-3615 EXERGETIC, EXERGOECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTS OF PISTON-PROP AIRCRAFT ENGINES Onder ALTUNTAS*, T. Hikmet KARAKOC** and Arif HEPBASLI*** *Anadolu University, School of Civil Aviation, 26470, ESKISEHIR, [email protected] ** Anadolu University, School of Civil Aviation, 26470, ESKISEHIR, [email protected] and [email protected] *** Yaşar University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 35100 Bornova, IZMIR [email protected] and [email protected] (Geliş Tarihi: 15. 02. 2011, Kabul Tarihi: 12. 04. 2011) Abstract: In this study, the exergetic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability aspects of piston-prop aircraft engines are comprehensively reviewed. These analysis and assessment tools are applied to a four-cylinder, spark ignition, naturally aspirated and air-cooled piston-prop aircraft engine in the landing and takeoff (LTO) phases of flight operations. LTO consists of four parts: takeoff, climb out, approach, and taxi. The results of energy analysis indicate that takeoff is a phase requiring high power with a maximum work rate of 111.90 kW. Maximum fuel energy and exergy rates are calculated to be 444.30 kW and 476.51 kW, respectively. The minimum total loss is found in the taxi phase, while maximum energy and exergy efficiency values are 26.76% and 24.95% in the climb out phase, respectively. Based on the results of the cost analysis, the taxi has the maximum exergy destruction cost rate with 23.41 $/h at a fixed production and 2.96 $/h at a fixed fuel. -
Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders Motorcycle, for Scootermoped and Improving Safety Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders
Improving SafetyImproving and forScooter Moped Motorcycle, Riders Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders The global fleet of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) is constantly increasing. In many countries, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds play a significant role in mobility, particularly in many of the world’s large cities. As such, PTWs are becoming an important component of the transport system. However, they represent an important challenge for road safety. PTW riders are at far more risk than car drivers per kilometre ridden in terms of fatalities and severe injuries entailing long-term disability. Moreover, they have not benefited from safety improvements at the same pace as car occupants over recent decades. Addressing the issue of PTW safety is thus an essential contribution to the success of the United Nations’ Decade of Action for Road Safety, which aims at halving the expected number of road deaths worldwide by 2020. This report reviews recent trends in powered two-wheeler crashes, the factors contributing to these crashes and their severity. It describes a set of countermeasures targeting user behaviours, the use of protective equipment, the vehicles and the infrastructure. Finally, it discusses motorcycle safety strategies in the context of a safe system. Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders Research Report Research Report International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France T +33 (0)1 45 24 97 10 F +33 (0)1 45 24 13 22 Email : [email protected] (75 2015 021 P1) Web: www.internationaltransportforum.org ISBN 978-92-821-0793-5 2015-09 /Photo credit: Roberto gettyimages Muñoz, 2015 2015-09-02_PTW 21x28_speen11.5.indd 1 02/09/2015 16:55:25 Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders Research Report This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. -
This Manual Should Be Considered a Permanent Part of the Motorcycle and Should Remain with the Motorcycle When It Is Resold
20180726215216_32K0GC000_eng_BOOK Page 1 Thursday, July 26 2018 21:57:26 JST This manual should be considered a permanent part of the motorcycle and should remain with the motorcycle when it is resold. This publication includes the latest production information available before printing. Honda Motor Co., Ltd. reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission. The vehicle pictured in this owner’s manual may not match your actual vehicle. © 2018 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 20180726215216_32K0GC000_eng_BOOK Page 2 Thursday, July 26 2018 21:57:26 JST Welcome Congratulations on your purchase of a new ● The following codes in this manual Honda motorcycle. Your selection of a indicate each country. Honda makes you part of a worldwide family ● The illustrations here in are based on the of satisfied customers who appreciate C125A ED type. Honda's reputation for building quality into Country Codes every product. Code Country C125A To ensure your safety and riding pleasure: ED European direct sales ● Read this owner's manual carefully. E UK ● Follow all recommendations and U Australia procedures contained in this manual. *The specifications may vary with each locale. ● Pay close attention to safety messages contained in this manual and on the motorcycle. 20180726215216_32K0GC000_eng_BOOK Page 3 Thursday, July 26 2018 21:57:26 JST A Few Words About Safety Your safety, and the safety of others, is very 3DANGER important. Operating this motorcycle safely is an important responsibility. You WILL be KILLED or SERIOUSLY To help you make informed decisions about HURT if you don’t follow instructions. -
Kitplanes 2020 02.Pdf
2020 ENGINE BUYER’S GUIDE ® KITPLANES February Punch? a Findlay 2020What’s • KnowLong-EZs About Didn’t You What Into an Overhaul • Turns Inspection an Engine Guide • How Buyer’s Engine 2020: Our Massive Vroom Tommy Meyer YOUR ENGINE CHOICES Makes One for Dad We List All the Popular FEBRUARY 2020 Engines for Homebuilts BELVOIR PUBLICATIONS BELVOIR TRICYCLE GEAR In the Shop: It’s All About the Attitude • ELT Gotchas • Glareshield Tips and Tricks THE SUBSONEX CONTINUES • IRAN vs Overhaul Tackling Wiring, Avionics and Plumbing www.kitplanes.com ENJOY THE VIEW. EVERY TIME YOU FLY. G3X TOUCH™ SERIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT TOUCHSCREEN, INTEGRATION WITH ADS-B TARGETTREND™ SUPPORTS ANY MODERN AUTOPILOT COMPLETE KNOB AND COMMS, TRANSPONDER, TRAFFIC AND COMBINATION OF 10.6” WITH ACCLAIMED SYSTEM STARTING BUTTON CONTROL IFR GPS AND MORE SIRIUSXM® WEATHER* AND 7” DISPLAYS, UP TO 4 PERFORMANCE AT $4,495** FOR MORE DETAILS, VISIT GARMIN.COM/EXPERIMENTAL *Additional equipment required. **MSRP: 7” display and fl ight sensors. © 2019 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. 19-MCJT19630 G3X ENJOY_THE_VIEW Ad-7.875x10.5-Kitplanes.indd 1 3/12/19 8:45 AM FebruaryCONTENTS 2020 | Volume 37, Number 2 2019 Engine Buyer’s Guide 16 YOUR AERO MOTIVATION IS HERE! By Tom Wilson. • Horizontally opposed four-stroke gasoline • Inline and vee four-stroke • Radial and rotary (traditional) • Rotary (Wankel) • Compression ignition (diesel and Jet A) • Volkswagen • Jets and turboprops • Corvair • Two-stroke 16 • Electric 18 NEW VS. USED: Understanding the difference between factory remanufactured, field overhauled, top overhauled, and just plain used. By Tom Wilson. Builder Spotlight 4 THE BIG TOOT: Tommy Meyer builds his father’s legacy. -
Products Catalogue
2017 Products catalogue TAURUS Lukasz Laskowski Ul. Dobrzyńska 146 42-202 Czestochowa POLAND VAT: PL9372329089 Tel. ++48 601 14 97 93 mail: [email protected] [email protected] Lukasz Laskowski www.turusmodels.pl TAURUSMODELS 2017-08-17 Number: Scale: D3201 Spark plugs 14 pieces 1:32 Number: Scale: D3202 Valves with lifters for Mercedes 1:32 DIIIa Number: Scale: D3202c Valves (Conic Springs) and lifters 1:32 for Mercedes DIIIa Number: Scale: D3203 Cockpit Selector Switches for 1:32 WNW's Gotha GIV (6 pieces) Number: Scale: D3204 Spark plugs late type 1:32 Number: Scale: D3205 Ammunition Mauser 9,72 1:32 Number: Scale: D3206 Complete Timing Gear for 1:32 Mercedes DIV (can be used in WNW's Gotha) Number: Scale: D3207a Complete Timing Gear for 1:32 Mercedes DIII (easy to paint) Number: Scale: D3207b Complete Timing Gear for 1:32 Mercedes DIII (easy to assembly) Number: Scale: D3208 Oberursel UI radial engine 1:32 Kit contains: 80 high quality resin parts, wires, instruction, box. Number: Scale: D3209 Complete Timing Gear for 1:32 Mercedes DIIIa Number: Scale: D3210a Spark plugs type III 1:32 used in German radial engines 10 pieces Number: Scale: D3210b Spark plugs type III 1:32 used in German radial engines 15 pieces Number: Scale: D3211 Intake manifold nuts 1:32 8 pieces Number: Scale: D3212 Aircraft maintenance tail stand 1:32 Number: Scale: D3213 Gnome Monosoupape B-2 engine 1:32 Kit contains: 91 high quality resin parts, wires, instruction, box. Number: Scale: D3214 Spark plugs type IV 1:32 used in British radial engines 20 pieces Number: Scale: D3215 Valves with lifters for BMW DIIIa 1:32 Number: Scale: D3216 Oberursel U.III 1:32 German double-row radial engine Kit contains: 127 high quality resin parts, wires, instruction, box. -
A Publication of the Southern Museum of Flight Birmingham, Al Historic Artifacts
A PUBLICATION OF THE SOUTHERN MUSEUM OF FLIGHT BIRMINGHAM, AL WWW.SOUTHERNMUSEUMOFFLIGHT.ORG HISTORIC ARTIFACTS THE gnome type N THE FAILED VENTRAL TURRET rotary engine isitors to the museum will have the opportunity to observe a V rare defensive weapon that was in use for a short time during he Gnome rotary is essentially a WWII. The production B-25B, B-25C, B-25D, and some B-25G T standard Otto engine (a stationary models had a retractable remote control belly turret, called a single-cylinder internal combustion four ventral turret. These turrets were often removed in the field -stroke engine designed by Nikolaus because they were ineffective and Otto), with cylinders arranged radially disliked by the crews. The lower turret around a central crankshaft just like a was officially deleted in the middle of the B-25G production run. The ventral turret was operated through a periscope that caused such intense vertigo and nausea in its' user that it was rarely used. In the Pacific, the turrets were removed because monsoon rains turned airfields into mud which covered the gunsight on takeoff rendering the turret useless. Harold Maul, a B-25 crewman, described the ball turret in Eric Bergerud's book, Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific: "The worst thing ever designed was the bottom turret of the B-25. It was the conventional radial engine, but instead stupidest bit of equipment. My God, the operator is sitting in one of having a fixed cylinder block with place getting a reverse image through a mirror. -
1 Active Stirling Engine a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The
Active Stirling Engine A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering in the University of Canterbury by Vinod Kumar Gopal University of Canterbury 2012 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12 ABSTRACT 14 GLOSSARY 16 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF STIRLING ENGINE DEVELOPMENT 22 1.1 Reverend Robert Stirling and his engine 23 1.2 Philips Stirling engine development 24 1.3 Other notable Stirling engine developments 28 1.4 Stirling engine development in Japan 29 1.5 Stirling engine development in US 29 1.6 Development in Stirling engine refrigeration and cryocooling 30 2. COMBINED HEAT AND POWER OR CHP SYSTEMS 34 2.1 Introduction to CHP systems 34 2.2 WhisperGen ® microCHP systems 38 2.3 Control of existing microCHP systems 40 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF STIRLING ENGINES 44 3.1 Introduction to Stirling engine technology 44 3.2 Thermodynamic cycles 45 3.3 The Stirling cycle 48 2 3.4 Ideal and conventional Stirling engines 51 3.5 Stirling engine control 55 3.6 Temperature control of Stirling engines 55 3.7 Pressure control of Stirling engines 55 3.8 Stroke control of Stirling engines 56 3.9 Phase control in Stirling engines 57 3.10 Dead volume control 58 3.11 Speed control 58 4. THE PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED 60 4.1 Effect of phase angle on Stirling engine performance 60 4.2 Controllability of current microCHP systems 61 4.3 Making use of phase control 64 4.4 Sinusoidal vs. non linear motion of reciprocating parts 64 4.5 Achieving phase control and non linear control 66 5.