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Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Automotive, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering

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Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Automotive, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering Czech Technical University In Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Automotive, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering Master’s thesis Optimization of a Birotary Engine by means of a Simulation Model Supervisors: Ing. Ondřej Bolehovský Satrio Wicaksono ST, M.Eng., Ph.D. 2021 Bc. Daniel Piskač 2 Annotation Author: Bc. Daniel Piskač Title in English: Optimization of a Birotary Engine by means of a Simulation Model Title in Czech: Optimalizace birotačního spalovacího motoru pomocí simulačního modelu Academic year: 2020/2021 Study program: Master of Automotive Engineering Major: Advanced Powertrains Department, faculty: Department of Automotive, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (CTU in Prague) Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ITB) Supervisors: Ing. Ondřej Bolehovský Satrio Wicaksono ST, M.Eng., Ph.D. Abstract: This thesis consists of a review of rotary and birotary engines, update and calibration of the provided GT–Power model. It also includes proposing and creating a sub-model of clearances and optimization of the model. Keywords: Rotary engines, Birotary engines, Powertrain, Calibration, Clearances, Optimization, GT-Power Number of pages: 89 Number of figures: 73 3 Declaration I hereby declare that I have completed this thesis independently and that I have listed all the literature and publication used in accordance with the methodological guidelines about adhering to ethical principles in the preparation of the final thesis. In Prague, 5th of January, 2021 Bc. Daniel Piskač 4 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Ing. Ondřej Bolehovský for guidance, support and help with the diploma thesis and KNOB ENGINES s.r.o., especially Bc. Václav Pieter for guidance, help, support and opportunity to work on this interesting topic. A big thanks belongs to my family and friends who have supported me throughout my studies. 5 For reason of confidentiality, just some of the data and results are shown in this thesis. 6 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 9 2. Rotary engines ................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Millet motorcycle ...................................................................................... 10 2.2. Hargrave’s engine ...................................................................................... 11 2.3. Balzer's rotary engine ................................................................................ 12 2.4. Adams-Farwell engine ............................................................................... 13 2.5. Gnome engine ........................................................................................... 14 2.6. Barry engine .............................................................................................. 16 2.7. Wankel engine .......................................................................................... 16 2.8. Bricklin-Turner Rotary Vee engine ............................................................. 18 3. Birotary engines ............................................................................................... 19 3.1. Sklenar engine ........................................................................................... 19 3.2. Mawen birotary engine ............................................................................. 19 3.3. Siemens-Halske engine .............................................................................. 20 3.4. Radial Bi-rotary (RBR) ................................................................................ 22 3.5. Knob engine .............................................................................................. 24 4. Update of 1-D GT–Power model ....................................................................... 26 4.1. Original model of Knob engine................................................................... 26 4.2. Change of compression ratio and influence of blowby ............................... 28 4.2.1. Compression ratio .................................................................................. 28 4.2.2. Blowby .................................................................................................. 29 4.3. Exhaust system.......................................................................................... 30 4.3.1. Influence of exhaust systems ................................................................. 30 4.3.2. Creating exhaust manifolds in GT - Power .............................................. 31 4.4. Intake system ............................................................................................ 34 4.4.1. Influence of intake systems .................................................................... 34 4.4.2. Creating intake manifolds in GT-Power ................................................... 35 4.5. Intake and exhaust port timing .................................................................. 36 4.6. Summary of update ................................................................................... 38 5. Calibration of 1-D GT–Power model .................................................................. 39 5.1. Simple model of clearances ....................................................................... 39 5.2. Calibration based on new experimental data ............................................. 42 5.3. Pressure sensitivity of volume change of clearances .................................. 45 5.4. Calibration of friction ................................................................................ 46 5.5. Simulation of the calibrated model with an ignition ................................... 48 5.6. Flow split................................................................................................... 50 7 6. Sub-model of clearances ................................................................................... 52 6.1. Sub-model proposal .................................................................................. 52 6.1.1. Version 1 ............................................................................................... 53 6.1.2. Version 2 ............................................................................................... 54 6.1.3. Version 3 ............................................................................................... 55 6.1.4. Version 4 ............................................................................................... 56 6.1.5. Version 5 ............................................................................................... 57 6.2. Choosing a version .................................................................................... 58 6.2.1. Volume of spaces between cylinder block and cylinder head .................. 58 6.2.2. Connection of clearances and combustion chamber ............................... 59 6.2.3. Clearances of sealing strips .................................................................... 60 6.2.4. Leaking into the atmosphere .................................................................. 61 6.3. Creating sub-model in GT-Power ............................................................... 62 7. Optimization .................................................................................................... 65 7.1. Optimization of intake manifold geometry ................................................ 65 7.2. Optimization of exhaust manifold geometry .............................................. 66 7.3. Optimization of intake and exhaust port timing and their shape ................ 67 7.4. Optimization number 1.............................................................................. 68 7.5. Optimization number 2.............................................................................. 71 7.6. Optimization number 3.............................................................................. 75 7.7. Optimization number 4.............................................................................. 77 8. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 79 9. References ....................................................................................................... 81 10. List of abbreviations .................................................................................. 86 11. List of figures ............................................................................................. 87 12. List of tables .............................................................................................. 89 8 1. INTRODUCTION The first goal of this thesis is to do a review of rotary and birotary engines, which were invented or built. Most of these engines were used in aircraft, but not all of them. The next chapter is about rotary engines, while the third chapter is all about birotary engines including the Knob engine, which is used for all further work. In the fourth chapter, I am using the provided old GT–Power model and according to new parameters and specifications the model is being updated to the latest version. In this part of the thesis all these updates are described, such as change of compression ratio, blowby, intake and exhaust manifolds, intake and exhaust port timing. After a new measurement of the engine a calibration of the GT–Power model is made, based on the new results.
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