Part XXII: Fire Engines
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Russian Motorcycle Part XXII: Fire Engines Ernie Franke [email protected] June 2014 Advent and Demise of the Fire-Fighting Motorcycle •What Was Needed in Rural Russia for Fire-Fighting? –Fire-Fighting Motorcycles As a Rapid Response Concept –Inexpensive Alternative to Large Fire Engines –Easy to Start in the Cold Winter –Characteristics of Villages and Provincial Towns: Houses Made of Wood •Fire-Fighting Motorcycle Meets Those Needs –Quick Response •Most Effective in Rural Areas, Where Fire Engine May Take 2-3 hours •Rushed to Site of the Fire, the Driver and a Fighter Respond Fast to Extinguish the Source of the Fire •Travel Along Poorly-Maintained Roads and Fit Thru Narrow Gates •If Bogged-Down; Use a Horse to Pull Out –Inexpensive Fire-Fighting System •Motorcycles with Fire-Fighting Equipment •Sidecar Houses Fire Pump and Hose –Quick Access to Water •Intake Hose Tossed into Ditch, Pond or Well •Fire-Fighters Motorcycles Were in Almost Every Village –One Machine Is Able to Serve a Holiday Village •Today’s Roads and Accesses Have Improved, Towns Have Grown Larger and Property Is More Expensive –Changes in Rural Russia Now Call for Larger Equipment Fire-fighting motorcycles have a definite niche in Russia history. 2 Russian Motorcycle Fire Engine Agenda •Motorcycle A-600 (Мотоцикл Л-600) –First Soviet Fire-Fighter Motorcycle: 1932 –Named "Prometheus“, after the Factory •Dnepr (KMZ) Fire-Fighter Motorcycle (Пожарный мотоцикл) –Dnepr-156P • Octopus-1 (СПРУТ-1) • Octopus-2 (СПРУТ-2) • MP-800 Motor Pump –Dnepr (Днепр)-157P • MT-16 Motorcycle • MP-1600 Motor pump •Izhevsk (IZH) –Iz Freight Cargo 6.920 •Ural (Урал - IMZ) –Cargo “Box” Offers Convenient Fire-Fighting Package –Motor-Cross Versions Capable of Conversion to Fire-Fighting –Hercules IMZ-8.4013 Tricycle Capable of Handling Large Loads •Future Motorcycle Fire-Fighters As the Russian motorcycle evolved, so did the conversions to fire-fighting variations. 3 Fire-Fighter Motorcycle A-600 (Мотоцикл Л-600) "Prometheus" Fire-Pump Drive Shaft The twin-cylinder, two-stroke, forced-air cooled engine was installed longitudinally in the frame, not like a Boxer engine. Notice that the sidecar is on the left, English-style. 4 First Soviet Motorcycle Fire-Fighter: A-600 (Мотоцикл Л-600) •First Fire-Fighting Motorcycle Produced in December 1932 –Much Heavier than Predessecor A-300 (Л-300) Series •Began Experiments on Motorcycle A-300, but Structurally It Was “Weak" for the Job •Structure Strengthened by Replacing Wheels with Stronger Versions –Production from 1934 to 1939 •Design Based on the A-300 (Л-300) Motorcycle and MP-2 (МП-2) Rural Pump •Factory “Prometheus" Produced 180 A-600 Fire-Fighting Motorcycles •A-600 Motorcycle –Two-Cylinder, 2-Stroke, Air-Cooled Engine with Cubic Displacement: 596 cm³ –Max Power: 12 Hp @ 2800 rpm –Max Speed: 60 km/hr (37 mph) –Gears: 4 Forward, 1 Reverse –Fuel Tank: 20 liters –Fuel Consumption: 10 liters of Fuel Mixture for 100 km –During Operation of the Pump: 5.5 liters/h –Motorcycle Clutch: Dry Single Plate –Weight of Motorcycle: 850 lbs •MP-2 Water Pump –Rural Motor Pump" MP-2 Centrifugal Suction Pump: 730 liters/min –Connected to Motorcycle Engine Driveshaft via Rubber Coupling –Dimensions (H X L X W): 860 X 625 X 665 mm –Weigh: 140 kg From the advent of the heavy Russian motorcycle, the need for a rapid-response, fire-fighting unit was always quite clear. 5 First Soviet Motorcycle Fire-Fighter: A-600 (cont.) •Sidecar –Initially, Only Foam Fire-Extinguisher Cylinders 10-20 in the Sidecar –Later Sidecar Housed Motor Pump Driven by a Motorcycle Engine –Motor Pumps Installed on Frame of the Motorcycle –Two 4-meter, Coiled Tapping Sleeves, Fuel Tank, Two-Stage Centrifugal Pump, Next to Which Is Tightly Rolled Canvas Hose with Total Length of 105 m and Two Steel Nozzles –First-Aid Kit Under the Passenger Saddle –Front Wheel Attached to a Lever, Two-Spring Suspension, Rear Axle Rigidly Mounted on the Frame and Sidecar Suspended on Two Elliptic Leaf Springs •Features –Crew of Three –Engine Starts Easily –Quickly Disperses the Vehicle with Three Passengers at 60 km/h (37 mph) –Pump Delivered Water from a Depth of 5-6 m –Outlet Pressure Reached: 5 atm –Two Powerful Jets Throw Water to a Height of 30 m @ 730 liters/min 6 TIZ AM-600 (ТИЗ АМ-600): Basis for Fire-Fighting Motorcycle •Engine: Four-stroke, single-cylinder-head –Displacement: 596 cm 3 –Cylinder Diameter: 85 mm –Piston Stroke: 105 mm –Compression Ratio: 4.8-5.0 –Power: 16.5 hp @ 3800 rpm. –Torque: 3.1 kg · m –Combined Lubrication System: Pressure and Spray • Number of Gears: 4 –Gear Ratios: I - 2.98, II - 2.06, III - 1.32, IV - 1.00 –Motor Transfer: 2.666 Cover of Instruction Manual for Motorcycle A-600 –Main Transfer: 2.21 • Dimensions –Tire Size: 4.00” X 19” –Wheelbase: 1420 mm –Dimensions (L X W X H): 2170 X 850 X 970 mm –Clearance: 125 mm •Weight: 185 kg-dry, Curb: 205 kg •Max Speed (Solo): 95 km/h (59 mph) •Average Fuel Consumption: 5.7 l/100 km •Fuel Tank Capacity: 17 liters •Weight: 185 kg The TIZ was the basis of the first Russian fire-fighting motorcycle. 7 TIZ AM-600 (ТИЗ АМ-600): Basis for Fire-Fighting Motorcycle The TIZ AM-600 was the only Soviet motorcycle with a Degtyarev (DP) machine gun installed directly on the steering wheel. 8 Dnepr’s Motorcycle Fire-Fighter Octopus-1 (Пожарный мотоцикл СПРУТ-1) The Dnepr-157P was specially adapted to eliminate fires in the countryside. 9 Dnepr’s Motorcycle Fire-Fighter Octopus-2 (Пожарный мотоцикл Спрут-2) •Purpose of Fire-Fighting Motorcycle Is Extinguishing and Localization of Small Fires •Most Effective in Rural Areas, Where the Fire Truck Can Take 2 to 3 hours •Drive Up with Octopus, Remove the Pump to Nearest Source of Water The Dnepr Fire Octopus-2 had a pump capacity of 800 liters / min. 10 Dnepr Motorcycle "Fire Engine" 11 Dnepr-156P - Мотоцикл «156П» (пожарный) • Fireman Motorcycle Based on "Dnepr-16M" (CMH-156-252) • Overall Dimensions (L x W x H): 2900 X 1589 X 1500 mm • Fuel: Petrol A-76 • Wheelbase: 2200 mm • Ground Clearance: 190 mm • Max Load Motorcycle: 400 kg • Gross Weight: 700 kg • Gasoline Consumption, l./100 km. not more than 8 • Engine: 649 cm3, 4-Stroke, 2-Cylinder, Carbureted, OHV, Air-Cooled • Transmission: 4-Speed • Drive Wheel Sidecar Drive-Shaft thru Reducer • Saddle: Double / Separate • Braking: Mechanical Separate Drive Wheels, Drum • Fuel Tank: 19 liters • Ignition System: Contact-Less • Engine: 32 Hp, 23.5 Nm Torque • Max Speed: 85 km/h (53 mph) • Starter: Electric and Kick-Start • Fire Equipment for Dnepr-156P –MP-800 Motor Pump •Productivity: 800 liters/min •Head: 60 m, Suction Height: 6 m •Engine Power Pumps: 14.7 kW (20 Hp) •Suction Hose: Dia. - 75 mm, Length - 5 m –Fire Pressure Hose: Dia. - 51 and 66 mm, Lengths - 10 and 20 m –Coupling Head: GP.70 X 80 –Fire Extinguisher: Type OP-5A, OP-9 (3), DU-7 –Optional Equipment: Fire Axe, Brush Hook, Shovel Lifting Arms The MP-800 motor pump could be transpored by the four “lifting arms”. 12 Fire Pump MP-800B (мотопомпа МП-800Б) •Gasoline Engine-Driven Water Pump for Fire-Fighting –Obsolete Pump (Corresponds to GOST 8554-69) •MP Means Motor Pump –Designed to Supply Water to Site of Extinguishing Fire –Used in Urban and Rural Areas –Solid Soil Particle Content in Water less than 5% by Weight •Performance –800 Is the Performance: 800 Liters per Minute –Centrifugal Pump, Single-Stage, Cantilevered –Water Pressure Head at Outlet: 60 meters –Operated at Ambient Temperature of 30 to 40°C •Engine –Two Cylinders 72 mm dia. –Stroke: 85 mm –Displacement: 346 cm –Carburetor: K-36F –Petrol: 72 A (Standard), Mixture of Oil AU -8 (GOST-63) Calculated (by volume): 20 Parts Gasoline, 1 Part Oil –Crankshaft Speed Limiter •Accessories –Two Suction Hoses: 75 mm dia. –Pressure Hose: 51 mm dia. –Protective Netting on Suction Hose –Two-Way Branching “Y” –Fire Nozzles: PS-50 (ПС-50) and PS-70 (ПС-70) •Dimensions –Weight: 68 kg –Dimensions (L X W X H): 840 X 650 X 580 mm •Recommended Replacement: Daishin SCH-4070HX Lifting Arms The "Dnepr-157P" was specially adapted to eliminate fires in the countryside. 13 Моопомпа МП-800Б т Lifting Arms 1. MP-800B Motor Pump 2. Rubber Suction Hose (75mm dia.) 3. Two-Hose Clamp 4. Rubber Suction Hose 5. Pressure Hose (66mm dia.) 6. Two-Way Branch 7. Pressure Hose (51 mm dia.) 8. Connecting Head 70 X 50 9. Fire Nozzle PC-70 10.Fire Nozzle PC-50 Once the fire-fighting motorcycle arrived, the suction hose was placed in a ditch, canal or pond. 14 Motor Pump MP-800B (Мотопомпа МП-800Б) 1. Welded Transfer Arms (Lifting Handles) 2. Pump 3. Valve 4. Carburetor Air Cleaner 5. Engine 6. Vacuum Unit 7. Crane KP-12D (Д) 8. Gasoline Tank 9. Waste Drain 10. Ignition Cable Right Cylinder 11. Silencer (Muffler) 12. Ignition Cable Left Cylinder 13. Tri-Mode Rev. limiter 14. Lever trigger mechanism 15. Magneto (M-135) 16. Magneto Glasses The MP-800 was capable of pumping 800 liters per minute. 15 Fireman Bike "Dnepr-157P" (пожарный мотоцикл Днепр-157П) The Dnepr-157P typically towed a larger MP-1600 motor pump for larger fires. 16 Dnepr 157 P (Днепр 157 П) (cont.) MP-1600 Motor-Pump Towed behind the Dnepr-157P, we see the MP-1600 motor-pump. 17 Fire Motor-Pump MP-1600A (Мотопомпа пожарная МП-1600А) •Trailed Motor Pump, Designed for Pumping Water •Performance Characteristics –Flow Rate: 1600 liter/min (27 L/sec) –Max Pressure: 100 m –Max Suction Height: 7 m, Time Suction at Depth of 7m: 35 sec –Feed at Max Geometric Suction Height: 800 liters/min –Suction Diameter: 100 mm –Discharge Nozzle Diameter: 70 mm –Overall Dimensions (L X W X H): 2750 X 1750 X 1450 mm –Gross weight, kg 780 •Engine: 4-Stroke, 4-Cylinder, Gasoline, Carbureted, Water-Cooled –Carburetors: 4 –ZMZ-4021.10 (ZMZ-2401) –Max Power: 66.2 kW (90 Hp) @ 4,500 rpm •Pump: Single-Stage Centrifugal •Chassis: Axle Trailer, Special Design •Fire-Equipment –Suction Hose: 2 (total length of 8 m) –Pressure Hose: d = 51 mm, d = 66 mm 4 (total length of 120 m) –Mesh Suction: 1 –Three-Way Branching: RT-70 1 –Trunks Hand Pressure: MS-70, MS-50, MS-B 3 –Coupling Head Transition: 1 –Clip Bag: 2 –Wrenches for Connecting Heads: 2 –Set of Spare Parts: 1 –Foam Generator: 1 The MP-1600 was designed to pump water, in case of accidents and floods, or to extinguish fires using a water supply or foam, at 1600 liters per minute.