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Effect of Paclobutrazol and Pinching on Cestrum Nocturnum Plants

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Effect of Paclobutrazol and Pinching on Cestrum Nocturnum Plants Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor ISSN 1110-0419 Vol. 51(1) (2013), 23– 34 http://annagricmoshj.com Effect of Paclobutrazol and Pinching on Cestrum Nocturnum Plants AbouDahab .T.M.; Afaf.M.Habib and Gihan M. Mousa Department of ornamental Horticulture, Facullty of Agriculture, Cairo University Abstract A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of paclobutrazol at the rate of 0, 400,500,600 ppm (as soil drench)and pinching once or twice on Cestrum nocturnum plants. The obtained results revealed that pinching the plants once decreased the fresh weight of branches, but increased N% in the branches and P% in the shoots. Pinching the plants twice decreased the branch length and the dry weight of branch; meanwhile it increased the stem and branch diameter, number of branches, fresh and dry weights of shoots, chlorophyll a and carotenoids content, P% in branches as well as K% in shoots. Paclobutrazol at 400 ppm caused an increase in the stem and branch diameter, number of branches/plant. The concentration of 500 ppm of paclobutrazol decreased the fresh and dry weights of the shoots, but it increased the number of branches/plant, chlorophyllaa,b and carotenoids content in the shoots as well as N and K %in the shoots. The combination between paclobutrazol at 500 ppm and pinching twice decreased the length of branches, but enhanced the stem and branch diameter, number of braches/plant, fresh and dry weights of shoots as well as the carotenoids content in the shoots. From the aforementioned results, it could be recommended the use of pinching the plants for two times alone or with the treatment of paclobutrazol at 500 ppm in order to produce a compact plant of high vegetative growth characters for using as a pot plants. Key words: - Cestrum nocturnum, paclobutrazol and pinching Introduction indicated that pinching significantly increased the number of primary branches of African marigold. EI- Cestrum nocturnum plant: night blooming Quesni et al. (2007) found that foliar application of Jessamine, night Jessamine, night blooming cestrum. paclobutrazol at 500 ppm promoted the number of Fam: - Solanaceae Description : This sprawling branches. Leaves/plant, stem diameter, fresh and dry shrub has glossy smooth, simple leaves, 4 - 8feet wights of Bougainvillea glabra plant organs, but long vine-like stems reach up to 12 feet in its native decreased the plant height. Chemical constituents i.e. habitat, but it seldom reaches more than 4 feet chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), carotenoids, total mound in a single season.It blooms in cycles carbohydrates, nitrogen and potassium content were throughout warm weather . Greenish-creamy white increased. Siqueira et al.(2008) showed that tubular flowers rise from above leaves along the stem paclobutrazol (225 mg a.i/plant) significantly followed by shiny white, fleshy berries. Although the reduced the length, stem diameter and leaf area of flowers are not showy to the eye, their sweet scent "Volkameriano" lemon plants. Thenumber of leaves can over power. was not influenced. Hwang SeungJae et al(2008) Pinching is the removal of the growing point of mentioned that foliar application of paclobutrazol at the stem, reslting in the development of more side 0.5 mg/pot: after pinching decreased the plant size shoots. Pinching the plants will reduce the height of and stem diameter of Kalanchoe cultivar "Gold the plant which in turn helps to develop a shorter Strike". stockier plant and provide a bushy, heavily branched Therefore, this investigation was carried out to plant (Mason, 2005). study the influence of paclobutrazol and pinching Paclobutrazol is a plant growth retardent that alone or in combination on vegetative growth and the slows the vegetative growth by inhibiting gibberellin chemical constituents of Cestrum nocturnum plants. biosynthesis creating more compact plants (Wang and Blessington,1990). It can be used as a tree Materials and methods injection, soil incorporation and basal drench to reduce above ground vegetative growth (Mishra and A pot experiment was carried out at the nursery Mishra, 2006). of the Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty Paclobutrazol as growth retardant and pinching of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, during the can be used for controlling the plant height of two successive years of 2005 and 2006. The aim of ornamental plants. Shibayama and Akasaka (2006) this study was to investigate the effect of on peach pointed out that when pinched was paclobutrasol as a soil drench and pinches alone or in cariedout , the total branch number and the dry combination on vegetative growth and chemical matter weight were the highest. Sunitha et al. (2007) constituents of Cestrum noctornum plants. 24 AbouDahab .T.M et al. Plant materials: diameter) filled with a mixture containing clay and Seedlings of Cestrum noctornum used were sand at the ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The physical and obtained from a brivete nursery at Geser El-Sewez chemical analysis of the used medium were (Egypt-Cairo). performed before the experiment using the pipette On 27th February 2005 and 2006, two months old method (Piper, 1947) and are shown in Tables A and stem (plants) were transplanted in plastic pots (20 cm B. Table A. Mechanical analysis of the used soil. Mechanical analysis Sand % 47.64 Silt % 30.56 Clay % 21.80 Soil texture Sandy clay loam Table B. Chemical analysis of the used soil. CationsMeq/L Anions Meq/L Na+ 14.23 HCO- 3.55 pH 7.85 N 290 ppm K+ 0.67 SO4- 21.20 E. C. 2.73 mmhos P 26.73 ppm Ca++ 11.25 Cl- 11.62 Organic 1.28 % K 43.17ppm Mg++ 7.28 matter E.C.: Electrical conductivity Experimental procedures: - Number of branches / plant. The plants (with two branches) were cut back to - Branch length (cm). 35 cm from the pot surface. On 27th march 2005 - Stem diameter (cm). and 2006 all the plants were fertilized with NPK at - Fresh and dry weights of vegetative growth (g) / the ratio of 1:1:1 at the rate of 3g / pot four times. plant. The application started on 27 April 2005 and 2006 - Fresh and dry weights of roots (g) / plant. and repeated every three months. The concentrations B. Chemical constituents: used of Paclobutrazol at the rate of 0, 400,500 or 600 - Chlorophylls (a) and (b) and carotenoids ppm were used. Fifty ml of each concentration were contents in the fresh leaves (mg/g/Fw). added to each pot (20 cm diameter) as a soil drench - Elements contents (N, P and K) in the shoots on 27th April 2005 and 2006 and repeated every (percentage). three months for four times. The plant were pinched on 27th June 2005 and 2006 and repeated with some Chemical analysis procedures: treatments after three months. The plants were irrigated whenever needed. The treatments were 1. Pigments determination: done: Chlorophylls and carotenoids contents with leaves 1. Control (with out pinching and pacloputrazol). determination was carried out in fresh leaves 2. Pinching once. samples according to Saric et al. (1967). 3. Pinching twice. 2. Total carbohydrates determination: 4. Pacloputrazolat the rate of 400 ppm. Total carbohydrates contents in shoots were 5. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 400 ppm + Pinching determined according to Herbert et al. (1971). once. 3. Nutrient elements determination: 6. Pacloputrazolat the rate of 400 ppm + Pinching A. Nitrogen determination(percentage): twice. Nitrogenpercentage was determined by modified 7. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 500 ppm. Micro Kjeldahl method as described by Pregl 8. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 500 ppm + Pinching (1945) and Piper (1947). once. B. Phosphorus determination: 9. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 500 ppm + Pinching Phosphorus content was determined according to twice. Troug and Meyer (1939). 10. Pacloputrazol the rate of at 600 ppm. C. Potassium determination: 11. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 600 ppm + Pinching Operation chart of Shimadzu Atomic Absorption / once. Flame Spectrophotometer AA-646 with a 12. Pacloputrazol at the rate of 600 ppm + Pinching boiling air acetylene burner and recorded read twice. out was used to determine potassium. The following data were recoded every four months Experimental design and statistical analysis: in the two years (2005 and 2006) and the end of The layout of the experiment was a complete experiment at (2007). randomized in factorial experiment. Factor (A) was A. Vegetative growth: paclobutrazol treatments and factor (B) was pinching Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 51 (1) 2013. Effect of paclobutrazol and pinching on Cestrum nocturnum plants …………………25 treatments. The experiment included 12 treatments 2-Branch length (cm): with 3 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 5 In Table (1) the data show that pinching the plants. The statistical analysis was carried out plants increased the length of branches over the according to Snedecor and Cochran (1982). L.S.D. at control plants in the two season. In the first seasons, 0.o5 was used to compare the differences between the tallest branches (63.80 cm) were obtained from means of different treatments. pinching the plants twice in the first season. In the second one,pinching the plants once resulted in the Results and discussion tallest branches (69.13 cm). The control plants had the shortest branches (56.22 and 63.19 cm, A- Effect on vegetative growth: respectively) in both seasons. Treating the plants with paclobutrazol caused a 1-Number of branches / plant: significant increase in the length of the branches in From the data in Table (1) it can be observed that the two seasons. Application of paclobutrazol at the pinching the plants increased the number of branches concentration of 400 ppm resulted in tallest branches / plant over the control in the first season season, The (66.81 and 67.21 cm, respectively) in both seasons. greatest number of branches / plant (4.00 branches / The shortest branches (55.60 and 64.03 cm, plant) was found in the plants pinched once in the respectively) were found in the control plants in the first season.
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