Le Tchad De Hissène Habré 1982 –1990
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and Small Arms Survey by Eric G
SMALL ARMS: A REGIONAL TINDERBOX A REGIONAL ARMS: SMALL AND REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE CENTRAL Small Arms Survey By Eric G. Berman with Louisa N. Lombard Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland p +41 22 908 5777 f +41 22 732 2738 e [email protected] w www.smallarmssurvey.org THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND SMALL ARMS A REGIONAL TINDERBOX ‘ The Central African Republic and Small Arms is the most thorough and carefully researched G. Eric By Berman with Louisa N. Lombard report on the volume, origins, and distribution of small arms in any African state. But it goes beyond the focus on small arms. It also provides a much-needed backdrop to the complicated political convulsions that have transformed CAR into a regional tinderbox. There is no better source for anyone interested in putting the ongoing crisis in its proper context.’ —Dr René Lemarchand Emeritus Professor, University of Florida and author of The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa ’The Central African Republic, surrounded by warring parties in Sudan, Chad, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lies on the fault line between the international community’s commitment to disarmament and the tendency for African conflicts to draw in their neighbours. The Central African Republic and Small Arms unlocks the secrets of the breakdown of state capacity in a little-known but pivotal state in the heart of Africa. It also offers important new insight to options for policy-makers and concerned organizations to promote peace in complex situations.’ —Professor William Reno Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University Photo: A mutineer during the military unrest of May 1996. -
Consolidated Appeal Mid-Year Review 2013+
CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ A tree provides shelter for a meeting with a community of returnees in Borota, Ouaddai Region. Pierre Peron / OCHA CHAD Consolidated Appeal Mid-Year Review 2013+ CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ Participants in 2013 Consolidated Appeal A AFFAIDS, ACTED, Action Contre la Faim, Avocats sans Frontières, C CARE International, Catholic Relief Services, COOPI, NGO Coordination Committee in Chad, CSSI E ESMS F Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations I International Medical Corps UK, Intermon Oxfam, International Organization for Migration, INTERSOS, International Aid Services J Jesuit Relief Services, JEDM, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS M MERLIN O Oxfam Great Britain, Organisation Humanitaire et Développement P Première Urgence – Aide Médicale Internationale S Solidarités International U United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Development Programme, UNAD, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Children’s Fund W World Food Programme, World Health Organization. Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://unocha.org/cap. Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from http://fts.unocha.org. CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCE MAP ................................................................................................................................ -
Tchad) : 1635-2012
Aix-Marseille Université Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAF, CNRS – UMR 8171, IRD – UMR 243) Des transhumants entre alliances et conflits, les Arabes du Batha (Tchad) : 1635-2012 Zakinet Dangbet Thèse pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université École doctorale « Espaces, Cultures, Sociétés » Discipline : Histoire Sous la direction de : Francis Simonis : Historien, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université Membres du jury : Anne Marie Granet-Abisset : Historienne, Professeur, Université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble II Mirjam de Bruijn : Anthropologue, Professeur, African Studies Center, Leiden Jacky Bouju : Anthropologue, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université André Marty : Sociologue, Institut de recherches et d’applications des méthodes de développement, Montpellier Francis Simonis : Historien, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université Aix-en-Provence, décembre 2015 2 3 4 Remerciements La réussite de cette thèse n’aurait pas été possible sans l’appui de l’Ambassade de France au Tchad. A ce titre, j’adresse mes remerciements aux responsables du SCAC qui ont accepté de m’accorder une bourse. Je voudrais citer : Pr. Olivier D’Hont, Sonia Safar, Jean Vignon, Philippe Boumard et Patrice Grimaud. Les mêmes remerciements sont adressés aux responsables de l’Agence Française de Développement, notamment Hervé Kahane, ancien Directeur général adjoint. J’adresse mes remerciements à mon encadreur Francis Simonis qui a accepté de diriger mes travaux. Cette tâche n’a pas été aisée, vu la dimension transversale de mon sujet. Cette attention soutenue pour ma thèse mérite reconnaissance. Je n’oublie pas qu’en 2007, Pr. Anne Marie Granet-Abisset accepta de diriger mes travaux de Master 2. -
« Réseaux Sociaux : Impact Sur La Gouvernance Électorale Au Tchad »
UNIVERSITE DE PARIS - SORBONNE (PA R I S I V ) ENA Ecole des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication Ecole nationale d’administration Master Professionnel 2e année Option : COMMUNICATION DES INSTITUTIONS PUBLIQUES « Réseaux sociaux : impact sur la gouvernance électorale au Tchad » Sous la direction de Madame Françoise Boursin, Professeur émérite des Universités, CELSA Paris-Sorbonne et Monsieur Jean-Emmanuel Paillon, Directeur général délégué à l’administration, INRIA Nom et Prénom(s) : Iyakba Serge Ouambi Promotion : Louise Weiss (2016-2017) Option : Communication des Institutions Publiques Soutenu le : Mention : Note du mémoire : 1 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier tous ceux qui ont contribué à la bonne réalisation de ce mémoire : - Madame Françoise Boursin, Professeur des Universités au CELSA Paris- Sorbonne, pour le temps précieux qu’elle m’a consacré ; - Monsieur Jean-Emmanuel Paillon, Directeur général délégué à l’administration (INRIA), qui m’a pleinement fait profiter de son dynamisme et de ses qualités professionnelles ; - Madame Kim Griffin, Responsable pédagogique des Masters à l’ENA, qui me fait l’honneur de participer au jury de soutenance ; - Madame Sandrine Blaison, Responsable de la mise en œuvre des Masters à l’ENA, pour son appui multiforme ; - Madame Sarah Viguier, pour ses conseils, sa contribution et ses précieuses orientations tout au long de ce travail ; - Monsieur Matthieu Le Hello, mon camarade de promotion, qui a accepté de relire ce travail ; - Mon épouse Te-iabé Naoura et mes trois enfants Liliah, Eliel et Elsa pour leur amour et leur patience tout au long de mon absence scolaire ; - Toute ma grande famille Ouambi pour son soutien permanent et ses mots d’encouragement. -
The Chad–Sudan Proxy War and the 'Darfurization' of Chad: Myths and Reality
12 The Chad–Sudan Proxy War and the ‘Darfurization’ of Chad: Myths and Reality By Jérôme Tubiana Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Grad- uate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves as the © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2008 principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and as a First published in April 2008 resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activists. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Department retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Belgium, permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. The law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- Survey is also grateful for past and current project-specific support received zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should from Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. Further funding has been pro- be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. vided by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the Geneva International Academic Net- Small Arms Survey work, and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. The Graduate Institute of International Studies Small Arms Survey collaborates with research institutes and NGOs in many 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland countries, including Brazil, Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Copyedited by Emily Walmsley Norway, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. -
The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad
Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations Student Scholarship 5-2020 The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations Part of the Religion Commons THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH TO POST-CIVIL WAR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN CHAD A Thesis by Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude presented to The Faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of the Licentiate in Sacred Theology Berkeley, California May 2020 Committee Signatures Julie Hanlon Rubio, PHD, Director Date Prof. Paul Thissen, PHD, Reader Date i Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... vi Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... viii General Introduction ..................................................................................................................... -
Myr 2010 Chad.Pdf
ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEAL CHAD ACF CSSI IRD UNDP ACTED EIRENE Islamic Relief Worldwide UNDSS ADRA FAO JRS UNESCO Africare Feed the Children The Johanniter UNFPA AIRSERV FEWSNET LWF/ACT UNHCR APLFT FTP Mercy Corps UNICEF Architectes de l’Urgence GOAL NRC URD ASF GTZ/PRODABO OCHA WFP AVSI Handicap International OHCHR WHO BASE HELP OXFAM World Concern Development Organization CARE HIAS OXFAM Intermon World Concern International CARITAS/SECADEV IMC Première Urgence World Vision International CCO IMMAP Save the Children Observers: CONCERN Worldwide INTERNEWS Sauver les Enfants de la Rue International Committee of COOPI INTERSOS the Red Cross (ICRC) Solidarités CORD IOM Médecins Sans Frontières UNAIDS CRS IRC (MSF) – CH, F, NL, Lux TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 1 Table I: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by cluster) ................................................... 3 Table II: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by appealing organization).......................... 4 Table III: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by priority)................................................... 5 2. CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT, HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE ........................................... 6 3. PROGRESS TOWARDS ACHIEVING STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND SECTORAL TARGETS .......... 9 3.1 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ -
Chad: a New Conflict Resolution Framework
CHAD: A NEW CONFLICT RESOLUTION FRAMEWORK Africa Report N°144 – 24 September 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................I I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. A CRISIS OF THE STATE ........................................................................................... 2 A. 1990-2000: MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECONCILIATION......................................................2 B. OIL, CLIENTELISM AND CORRUPTION........................................................................................3 1. Clientelism and generalised corruption ..............................................................................3 2. The oil curse .......................................................................................................................4 C. MILITARISATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION AND POPULATION ..................................................5 D. NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVIDES .........................................................................................6 III. THE ACTORS IN THE CRISIS................................................................................... 8 A. THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION .....................................................................................................8 1. Repression and co-option ...................................................................................................8 2. The political platform of -
Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel
Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel $IULFD5HSRUW1 _ 'HFHPEHU 7UDQVODWLRQIURP)UHQFK +HDGTXDUWHUV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULVLV*URXS $YHQXH/RXLVH %UXVVHOV%HOJLXP 7HO )D[ EUXVVHOV#FULVLVJURXSRUJ Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ambivalent Relations with N’Djamena ............................................................................ 3 A. Relations between the Sahel Regions and Central Government since the 1990s ..... 3 1. Kanem ................................................................................................................... 3 2. Bahr el-Ghazal (BEG) ........................................................................................... 5 B. C0-option: A Flawed Strategy .................................................................................... 6 III. Mounting Tensions in the Region .................................................................................... 8 A. Abuses against BEG and Kanem Citizens .................................................................. 8 B. A Regional Economy in the Red ................................................................................ 9 C. Intra-religious Divides ............................................................................................... 11 IV. The -
Chapter 1 Present Situation of Chad's Water Development and Management
1 CONTEXT AND DEMOGRAPHY 2 With 7.8 million inhabitants in 2002, spread over an area of 1 284 000 km , Chad is the 25th largest 1 ECOSI survey, 95-96. country in Africa in terms of population and the 5th in terms of total surface area. Chad is one of “Human poverty index”: the poorest countries in the world, with a GNP/inh/year of USD 2200 and 54% of the population proportion of households 1 that cannot financially living below the world poverty threshold . Chad was ranked 155th out of 162 countries in 2001 meet their own needs in according to the UNDP human development index. terms of essential food and other commodities. The mean life expectancy at birth is 45.2 years. For 1000 live births, the infant mortality rate is 118 This is in fact rather a and that for children under 5, 198. In spite of a difficult situation, the trend in these three health “monetary poverty index” as in reality basic indicators appears to have been improving slightly over the past 30 years (in 1970-1975, they were hydraulic infrastructure respectively 39 years, 149/1000 and 252/1000)2. for drinking water (an unquestionably essential In contrast, with an annual population growth rate of nearly 2.5% and insufficient growth in agricultural requirement) is still production, the trend in terms of nutrition (both quantitatively and qualitatively) has been a constant insufficient for 77% of concern. It was believed that 38% of the population suffered from malnutrition in 1996. Only 13 the population of Chad. -
Chad Food Security Update: July, 2000 Summary 1
Chad Food Security Update: July, 2000 Summary The month of July was characterized by a satisfactory situation overall, in both the Sudanian and Sahelian zones of Chad. Highly food insecure populations in the Sahelian zone constituted an important exception. People there had to intensify their income-generating activities (such as working for others and selling cattle) in order to buy their basic food staples. The agricultural season is underway, although it started late this year in most cantons compared to last year. Pasture conditions are good in the Sudanian zone while the Sahelian zone only started greening up during the third dekad (10-day period) of July. Livestock health is also good. Millet and sorghum prices remain affordable, although higher than prices last year in the Sahelian zone. Prices in Kanem and parts of Ouaddaï Prefectures in the Sahelian zone increased during the past quarter, though this is normal for the pre-harvest period. 1. Agrometeorological Situation The Inter-topical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) oscillates between 17º N and 19º N, between the cities of Fada and Ounianga Kebir (Borkou and Ennedi Sub-prefectures). Large quantities of rainfall were recorded south of the ITCZ during the third dekad of July, notably in the Sahelian zone. According to the Directorate of Water Resources and Meteorology (DREM), total dekadal rainfall during July was less than the rainfall during the same period last year, except for several rain stations. Rainfall during the third dekad exceeded long-term average levels (1961-1990) in most locations. Satellite images analyzed by FEWS NET/Chad corroborate rain station data showing that third dekad rainfall varied between average and very good in the Sahel and Sudanian zones. -
Notes on the Political Sociology of Chad
The Dynamics of National Integration: Ladiba Gondeu Working Paper No. 006 (English Version) THE DYNAMICS OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION: MOVING BEYOND ETHNIC CONFLICT IN A STATE-IN-WAITING LADIBA GONDEU October 2013 The Sahel Research Group, of the University of Florida’s Center for African Studies, is a collaborative effort to understand the political, social, economic, and cultural dynamics of the countries which comprise the West African Sahel. It focuses primarily on the six Francophone countries of the region—Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad—but also on in developments in neighboring countries, to the north and south, whose dy- namics frequently intersect with those of the Sahel. The Sahel Research Group brings together faculty and gradu- ate students from various disciplines at the University of Florida, in collaboration with colleagues from the region. Acknowledgements: This work is the fruit of a four month academic stay at the University of Florida Center for African Studies as a Visiting Scholar thanks to the kind invitation of the Profesor Leonardo A. Villalón, Coordinator of the Sahel Research Group. I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to him and to his team. The ideas put forth in this document are mine and I take full responsibility for them. About the Author: Ladiba Gondeu, Faculty Member in the Department of Anthropology at the University of N’Djamena, and Doctoral Candidate, Paris School of Graduate Studies in Social Science for Social Anthropology and Ethnology. Ladiba Gondeu is a Chadian social anthropologist specializing in civil society, religious dynamics, and project planning and analysis.