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Timeline / 1810 to 1910 / FINE and APPLIED ARTS

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Timeline / 1810 to 1910 / FINE AND APPLIED ARTS Date Country Theme 1810 - 1880 Tunisia Fine And Applied Arts Buildings present innovation in their architecture, decoration and positioning. Palaces, patrician houses and mosques incorporate elements of Baroque style; new European techniques and decorative touches that recall Italian arts are evident at the same time as the increased use of foreign labour. 1810 - 1880 Tunisia Fine And Applied Arts A new lifestyle develops in the luxurious mansions inside the medina and also in the large properties of the surrounding area. Mirrors and consoles, chandeliers from Venice etc., are set alongside Spanish-North African furniture. All manner of interior items, as well as women’s clothing and jewellery, experience the same mutations. 1810 - 1830 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM) A masterpiece of Byzantine sculpture, the iconostasis in the Monastery of St John at Bigor near Debar is created in this period by Petre Filipovski Garkata (d. 1854) and his group of craftsmen. Carved in walnut, the iconostasis depicts scenes from the Old and New Testaments and varied floral motifs. This Macedonian master of woodcarving and his associates also executed the iconostases in Lesnovo Monastery. 1813 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Gheorghe Asachi teaches a class of drawing and history of art at the School for Surveying Engineers (Moldavia). 1815 - 1848 Germany Fine And Applied Arts The painting by Carl Spitzweg, Der Sonntagsspaziergang (The Sunday Walk, 1841), exemplifies the Biedermeier era (an expression of the popular present reality) in art at this time. Incidentally, Spitzweg’s painting Der arme Poet (The Poor Poet) was the most popular painting in Germany in the 19th century. 1816 - 1830 Germany Fine And Applied Arts Architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel engraved a certain style on Berlin, starting with the Neue Wache (New Guardhouse, 1816–18) and followed by the Konzerthaus at Berlin’s Gandarmenmarkt (1818–21). Opposite the Lustgarten (Pleasure gardens) on what is now known as Museum Island in Berlin, Schinkel built the first royal museum, the Altes Museum (opened 1830), marking the beginning of the Island’s history. 1819 Spain Fine And Applied Arts Founding of the Museo Nacional del Prado with the Royal collection of paintings as one the first museums in Spain. Date Country Theme 1819 France Fine And Applied Arts The Raft of the Medusa, by the Romantic painter Théodore Géricault. 1821 - 1822 Italy Fine And Applied Arts Francesco Hayez paints I Vespri Siciliani, a historical painting expressing the new revolutionary and independence ideas that are taking root in Italy. 1824 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM) Petre Filipovski Garkata and fellow artisans, including the master carver Makarie Frchkovski, create the iconostasis in the Church of Holy Salvation, Skopje. Petre Filipovski developed his own recognisable style of wood carving depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments in which biblical figures were rendered wearing traditional costumes of Macedonia. The iconostasis also depicts the artists who created it as their “signature”. 1824 France Fine And Applied Arts The Pardon of Bonchamps by David d'Angers. 1824 France Fine And Applied Arts The Massacre at Chios by the Romantic painter Eugène Delacroix. Circa 1825 France Fine And Applied Arts The inventor Nicéphore Niépce is credited with the creation of the first “photograph”. 1829 France Fine And Applied Arts École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris. 1830 Spain Fine And Applied Arts From the 1830s onwards the Moorish or Alhambresque style is popular in Europe, especially in Spain, but also in England, Austria, Russia, Germany and the USA. This style is found not only in applied arts but also in architecture and interior decoration including the well-known “Moorish” smoking or retiring rooms. 1832 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Gheorghe Asachi founds in Ia#i a lithographic printing press called Institutul Albinei (The Bee Institute). 1834 Spain Fine And Applied Arts Date Country Theme During his Grand Tour, after visiting Italy, Greece and Egypt, Owen Jones visits Granada and the Alhambra. His six month stay in the Alhambra is very important in the development of his ideas about polychromy and design. 1835 France Fine And Applied Arts The daguerreotype process. 1836 - 1845 Spain Fine And Applied Arts Publication of Owen Jones's Plan, Elevations, Sections and Details of the Alhambra (with an essay by Pascual de Gayangos on the history of the Nasrid Dynasty) in 12 volumes, using the new technique of chromolithography. 1837 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Athens School of the Fine Arts is established with three departments: the School of Crafts, School of Industrial Crafts and the School of Fine Arts. 1842 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM) The portrait of Gjurchin Kokale, founder of the Church of St George in Lazaropole, is painted inside the church by Dicho Krstevic Zograph. It is one of the earliest known portraits in Macedonia. In 1854 this prolific artist painted the icon of Archpriest Samoil from the Treskavec Monastery near Prilep. 1843 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Carol Popp de Szathmari, the most important Romanian photographer of the 19th century (born in Cluj, Transylvania), moves to Bucharest, where he opens a photo studio. 1843 Greece Fine And Applied Arts The School of the Fine Arts becomes a five-year higher education institution under its director, the architect Lissandros Kautantzoglou. 1843 - 1876 Germany Fine And Applied Arts Formation of the Neues Museum (1843–55), built by Friedrich August Stüler, a follower of K. F. Schinkel. Stüler and Carl Busse then design the Alte Nationalgalerie (1867–76). 1848 France Fine And Applied Arts The "special national school for design, mathematics, architecture and ornamental sculpture applied to the industrial arts", which succeeds the Royal school of design founded in the 18th century, becomes the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs in 1877. Circa 1850 - Circa 1900 France Fine And Applied Arts Date Country Theme The Realist movement, which emerges as a reaction to Classicism, focuses on the faithful reproduction of the “reality” of daily life in both town and country. This movement, which affected literature and painting in particular, shocked some people. Orientalism (i.e. the painters Fromentin, Ingres and Gérôme) favoured subjects inspired by travel to the Near East. 1850 - 1860s Spain Fine And Applied Arts Rafael Contreras begins to make models from the Alhambra that are shown in international exhibitions and acquired by many museums and schools of design. The models are used as examples of wall decoration in the Alhambresque style. 1850 Spain Fine And Applied Arts First photography of Arab monuments such as the Alhambra and the Great Mosque of Córdoba. The development of photography sheds new light on these monuments and these first photographs are important documents on Arab remains in Spain. 1850 - 1855 Italy Fine And Applied Arts The painters of the School of Posillipo (Naples) develop a new style of more natural observation of landscapes and everyday life. 1850 France Fine And Applied Arts A Burial At Ornans by the Realist painter Gustave Courbet. 1850 - 1900 Germany Fine And Applied Arts The painting by Max Liebermann, Die Gänserupferinnen (1872), exemplifies Impressionism in art at this time. 1854 Italy Fine And Applied Arts Leopoldo Alinari, with his brothers Romualdo and Giuseppe, opens in Florence one of the first photography workshope – Fratelli Alinari. 1855 Italy Fine And Applied Arts The Caffé Michelangelo in Florence becomes a meeting place for artists and republican intellectuals close to Giuseppe Mazzini, in opposition to academic and official environments. 1857 France Fine And Applied Arts The Angelus, by the Realist painter Jean-François Millet. 1860 - 1865 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Both Nikolaos Gyzis and Nikiphoros Lytras win scholarships to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. Date Country Theme Circa 1870 - Circa 1900 France Fine And Applied Arts Impressionist painters capture the effects of light in outdoor and everyday scenes. 1860 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM) The icon “Seven Holy Teachers” (Sedmochislenitzi) is painted by the most significant representative of Christian religious art in Macedonia, Dicho Krstevic Zograph, at the peak of his creativity. It represents the Slav missionaries Sts Cyril and Methodius and their disciples Clement, Nahum, Gorazd, Sabbas and Angelarij in a solo composition. His icons are distinguished by bright colour and baroque features. 1860 Spain Fine And Applied Arts The Manises pottery begins to produce objects in lustreware. 1860 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 7 November: on the initiative of painter Gheorghe Panaitescu-Bardasare, a School of Fine Arts and an art gallery are founded in Ia#i. 1860 - 1870 Italy Fine And Applied Arts In opposition to academic painting, the Macchiaioli movement (Telemaco Signorini, Vincenzo Cabianca and Silvestro Lega) experiments with “spot painting”, based on the strong contrast between light and shadow. 1860 - 1910 Germany Fine And Applied Arts Realism (a backlash to both Classicism and Romanticism) is exemplified by French artist Gustave Courbet’s Die Steinklopfer (1849), although long before then Albrecht Dürer had painted his highly realistic Junger Feldhase (1502). 1862 France Fine And Applied Arts The Picnic on the Grass by Édouard Manet marks a transition from Realism to Impressionism 1863 - 1885 Italy Fine And Applied Arts Opening of applied art schools, often attached to museums: Industrial Museum of Turin (1863), Artistic Industrial Museum of Rome (1873), Naples (1882) and Palermo (1885). 1863 Spain Fine And Applied Arts The painters Mariano Fortuny y Marsal and Francisco Lameyer travel to North Africa. Fortuny buys different artworks and textiles for his collection. 1864 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Date Country Theme Dimitrie Bolintineanu, the Minister of Religion and Public Instruction, organises in Bucharest an exhibition displaying works of contemporary Romanian artists, the most important of the time being painters Theodor Aman, Gheorghe Tattarescu and Carol Popp de Szathmari.
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