DOCSLIB.ORG

A Journal of the Armed Forces War College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Journal of the Armed Forces War College VOL.1, NO.2 DECEMBER 2013 ISSN : 2311-0635 OPINION A JOURNAL OF THE ARMED FORCES WAR COLLEGE NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, PAKISTAN EDITORIAL BOARD Patron Major General Hidayat Ur Rehman HI(M) Chief Editor Cdre Ayaz Ahmed Nasir SI(M) Editor Brig Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Assistant Editors Gp Capt Chaudhary Ahsan Rafiq, PAF Capt Naeem Sarwar, PN Lt Col Adnan Ahmed Khan Lt Col Jehanzeb Akhtar ADVISORY BOARD Dr Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema Dean Faculty of Contemporary Studies NDU Islamabad Dr Syed Bashir Hussain Head of the Department Government & Public Policy FCS, NDU Islamabad Head of the Department Leadership & Management Dr Tahir Masood Studies FCS, NDU Islamabad Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed Chaudhry Head of the Department Peace & Conflict Studies FCS, NDU Islamabad Dr Zulfiqar Khan Chaudhry Head of the Department Strategic & Nuclear Studies FCS, NDU Islamabad Dr Muhammad Khan Head of the Department International Relations FCS, NDU Islamabad AFWC Journal (OPINION) is sponsored and edited by the Armed Forces War College (AFWC), National Defence University Islamabad, Pakistan. Manuscripts and editorial communications may be directed to: Chief Editor, OPINION Armed Forces War College National Defence University Sector E-9, Islamabad Pakistan http://www.ndu.edu.pk DISCLAIMER Statement, facts and opinions mentioned in AFWC Journal are solely of the authors and do not imply the official policy of the Institution, Editors or Publishers. OPINION Vol.1 No 2 December 2013 MESSAGE OF PATRON According to Greek Philosopher, Heraclitus of Ephesus, there is nothing permanent except change. Today’s world is transforming at an unprecedented pace. In this era of growing uncertainty, enormous challenges that confront us require mastering the skills of strategic thinking to navigate change effectively. The year long academic curriculum covering policy and strategy formulation with emphasis on national security and defence at Armed Forces War College provides an opportunity to course members to enhance their ability to think independently and sharpen their analytical skills. The intellectual pursuits include extensive research on global / regional and national security issues along with in-depth study of military strategy. The premise of publication of OPINION is to benefit from the research work of the members presented in the shape of group/individual research papers, seminars and military history presentations. This being the 2nd edition of OPINION, I am sure will prove to be a repository of reference material for those in pursuit of excellence on matters of national importance and military significance. I am confident that with continued tradition of research and reflection, this journal will greatly assist the larger group of researchers and scholars. I acknowledge the efforts of the members of the course, faculty and the editorial board in publication of this journal. I extend my appreciation to ISSRA and FCS for their value addition. Major General Hidayat Ur Rehman HI (M) Commandant, Armed Forces War College NDU, Islamabad OPINION Vol.1 No 2 i December 2013 CHIEF EDITOR’S CORNER I am extremely pleased to be a part of 2nd edition of ‘AFWC e-Journal’. It is a collection of research work conducted by members of National Security and War Course (NSWC) 2012-13. An endeavour has been made to present researched facts and opinions to enhance awareness about global and national security issues. As per the format, the research work of the panels / individuals has been divided into four distinct parts. Part-I covers the global/regional issues; Part-II discusses the national security aspects, while the third part focuses on the military strategy. The last part highlights the views of individual writers on contemporary issues and challenges vis-à-vis needs of the domestic / global policy formulation. I am grateful to all those involved in the production of this e-Journal. I hope it will be a constructive contribution towards NDU’s vision of enhancing, nurturing and developing intellectual and professional capabilities in the field of national security studies. Commodore Ayaz Ahmed Nasir SI (M) Chief Editor OPINION AFWC Journal OPINION Vol.1 No 2 ii December 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part-I Global / Regional Issues Page Emerging Economies and their Growing Influence in Global Politics 1 Global Maritime Security Challenges in 21st Century 13 Politics of Asia Pacific and US Strategic Interests 30 India’s Balancing Act: Relations with the US, Russia and China 41 Part-II National Security Global Geopolitical Scenarios in Short, Medium and Long Terms – 54 Implications for Pakistan Indo-US Ties in Afghanistan; Myths, Realities and Implications for Pakistan 68 Religious Extremists’ Narrative in Pakistan 85 Balochistan; A War of Narratives 99 Civil-military Relations - A Case Study (2008-12) 115 Part-III Military Strategy Eastern Strategic Thought, with Focus on Sun Tzu - Relevance in the 127 Contemporary World Intelligence Wars- Indirect Approach with Direct Strategy 145 Part-IV Views Offensive Deterrence in Non Kinetic Domain 157 OPINION Vol.1 No 2 iii December 2013 PART – I Global / Regional Issues Emerging Economies and their Growing Influence in Global Politics Global Maritime Security Challenges in 21st Century Politics of Asia Pacific and US Strategic Interests India’s Balancing Act: Relations with the US, Russia and China OPINION Vol.1 No.2 December 2013 EMERGING ECONOMIES AND THEIR GROWING INFLUENCE IN GLOBAL POLITICS Introduction Considering their rising economies and increasing participation in global politics, BRICS countries are progressively achieving influence in the international affairs. Dealing with the role of these upcoming economic powers along with transforming worldwide institutions will become a critical issue for an effective global governance system. 1In general, an incremental approach with the mindset of supportive stake holders might serve BRICS better to change the current world order in a more amicable way. Though, the BRICS countries are generally viewed as regional powers, their leadership is often challenged within the region or by powers of other regions. Aim To analyse future scenarios for global politico – economic, influence and role of emerging economies. Historical Perspective of Global Politico Economic Influence Assertions of economic and political influences at the global level have been exercised through cumulative effects of all elements of national power of a particular state or alliance of states. In this part, an effort has been made to establish a historical linkage of the power of various countries in the 19th and 20th centuries with which they influenced the behaviour of other countries. It is very interesting to note that various countries relied on different dimensions of power to exercise power. It is, therefore, fair to suggest that power or influence is relative, conditional and contextual. WW II and Emergence of Bipolar World At the news of the US entry in to the war, Winston Churchill openly rejoiced and with good reason. As he later explained it, ‘Hitler’s fate was sealed. Mussolini’ fate was sealed. As for the Japanese, they would be ground to powder. All the rest was merely the proper application of overwhelming power. The key events of December 1941 entirely altered the balances; the Russian counter-attack at Moscow showed that it would not fall to Blitzkrieg Warfare; and the entry of Japan and the United States into what was now a global conflict brought together a ‘Grand Alliance’ of enormous industrial – productive staying power.2 The Power Struggle During the Cold War As it turned out, a large part of the international politics over the following two decades was to concern itself with adjusting to the Soviet – American rivalry and then OPINION Vol.1 No.2 1 December 2013 with its partial rejection. In the beginning, the Cold War was centered upon remaking the boundaries of Europe. Russia’s strategic and political position was most likely to be enhanced if it could create other Marxist – led states which looked to Moscow for guidance. Such considerations probably dominated the Soviet policy in the post – 1945 world. A major element in the Cold War was the increasing arms race between the two blocs, alongwith the creation of supportive military alliances. In terms of monies spent, the trend was by no means an even one. The enormous surge in American defence expenditures reflected the costs of the Korean war and Washington’s belief that it needed to rearm in a threatening world; the post – 1953 decline was Eisenhower’s attempt to control the ‘military – industrial complex’ before it damaged both society and economy; the 1961 – 2 increases reflected the Berlin Wall and Cuban missile crises; and the post 1965 jump in spending showed the increasing American commitment in Southeast Asia.3 Demise of Cold War and Emergence of US as the Sole Super Power Radical reforms in family law and education were introduced by the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), a Communist group. Criticism from Islamic leaders eventually turned into an armed struggle. Soviet Union tried to back the PDPA for almost nine years against nationalist Islamic movement by Islamic warriors known as ‘Mujahideen’. The Mujahideen were aided by the US, Iran, Saudi Arabia, China and Pakistan. Surface to air missiles of US tilted the balance in Mujahideen’s favour; and the Soviets pulled out in 1989.4 Relations between the two super powers were renewed after the meeting between the US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow in 1988. 5 The two leaders decided to end the Cold War that created an opening for changes.6 The revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union was the result of the decision to end the Cold War.7 Reunification of Germany came into being in 1990, following the collapse of Communist regimes in the late 1980 and early 1990. While the Warsaw Pact collapsed, Germany remained member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume VIII, Issue-3, March 2018
    Volume VIII, Issue-3, March 2018 March in History Nation celebrates Pakistan Day 2018 with military parade, gun salutes March 15, 1955: The biggest contingents of armoured and mech - post-independence irrigation anised infantry held a march-past. project, Kotri Barrage is Pakistan Army tanks, including the inaugurated. Al Khalid and Al Zarrar, presented March 23 , 1956: 1956 Constitution gun salutes to the president. Radar is promulgates on Pakistan Day. systems and other weapons Major General Iskander Mirza equipped with military tech - sworn in as first President of nology were also rolled out. Pakistan. The NASR missile, the Sha - heen missile, the Ghauri mis - March 23, 1956: Constituent sile system, and the Babur assembly adopts name of Islamic cruise missile were also fea - Republic of Pakistan and first constitution. The nation is celebrating Pakistan A large number of diplomats from tured in the parade. Day 2018 across the country with several countries attended the March 8, 1957: President Various aeroplanes traditional zeal and fervour. ceremony. The guest of honour at Iskandar Mirza lays the belonging to Army Avi - foundation-stone of the State Bank the ceremony was Sri Lankan Pres - Pakistan Day commemorates the ation and Pakistan Air of Pakistan building in Karachi. ident Maithripala Sirisena. passing of the Lahore Resolution Force demonstrated aer - obatic feats for the March 23, 1960: Foundation of on March 23, 1940, when the All- Contingents of Pakistan Minar-i-Pakistan is laid. India Muslim League demanded a Army, Pakistan Air Force, and audience. Combat separate nation for the Muslims of Pakistan Navy held a march-past and attack helicopters, March 14, 1972: New education the British Indian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Arrival and Departure
    01-2180-2 CH 01:0545-1 10/13/11 10:47 AM Page 1 stephen p. cohen 1 Pakistan: Arrival and Departure How did Pakistan arrive at its present juncture? Pakistan was originally intended by its great leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, to transform the lives of British Indian Muslims by providing them a homeland sheltered from Hindu oppression. It did so for some, although they amounted to less than half of the Indian subcontinent’s total number of Muslims. The north Indian Muslim middle class that spearheaded the Pakistan movement found itself united with many Muslims who had been less than enthusiastic about forming Pak- istan, and some were hostile to the idea of an explicitly Islamic state. Pakistan was created on August 14, 1947, but in a decade self-styled field marshal Ayub Khan had replaced its shaky democratic political order with military-guided democracy, a market-oriented economy, and little effective investment in welfare or education. The Ayub experiment faltered, in part because of an unsuccessful war with India in 1965, and Ayub was replaced by another general, Yahya Khan, who could not manage the growing chaos. East Pakistan went into revolt, and with India’s assistance, the old Pakistan was bro- ken up with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. The second attempt to transform Pakistan was short-lived. It was led by the charismatic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who simultaneously tried to gain control over the military, diversify Pakistan’s foreign and security policy, build a nuclear weapon, and introduce an economic order based on both Islam and socialism.
    [Show full text]
  • On Strategy: a Primer Edited by Nathan K. Finney
    Cover design by Dale E. Cordes, Army University Press On Strategy: A Primer Edited by Nathan K. Finney Combat Studies Institute Press Fort Leavenworth, Kansas An imprint of The Army University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Finney, Nathan K., editor. | U.S. Army Combined Arms Cen- ter, issuing body. Title: On strategy : a primer / edited by Nathan K. Finney. Other titles: On strategy (U.S. Army Combined Arms Center) Description: Fort Leavenworth, Kansas : Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, 2020. | “An imprint of The Army University Press.” | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2020020512 (print) | LCCN 2020020513 (ebook) | ISBN 9781940804811 (paperback) | ISBN 9781940804811 (Adobe PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Strategy. | Strategy--History. Classification: LCC U162 .O5 2020 (print) | LCC U162 (ebook) | DDC 355.02--dc23 | SUDOC D 110.2:ST 8. LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020512. LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020513. 2020 Combat Studies Institute Press publications cover a wide variety of military topics. The views ex- pressed in this CSI Press publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Depart- ment of the Army or the Department of Defense. A full list of digital CSI Press publications is available at https://www.armyu- press.army.mil/Books/combat-studies-institute. The seal of the Combat Studies Institute authenticates this document as an of- ficial publication of the CSI Press. It is prohibited to use the CSI’s official seal on any republication without the express written permission of the director. Editors Diane R.
    [Show full text]
  • Geostrategy and Canadian Defence: from C.P. Stacey to a Twenty-First Century Arctic Threat Assessment
    Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 20, ISSUE 1 Studies Geostrategy and Canadian Defence: From C.P. Stacey to a Twenty-First Century Arctic Threat Assessment Ryan Dean and P. Whitney Lackenbauer1 “If some countries have too much history, we have too much geography.” -- Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1936 Geostrategy is the study of the importance of geography to strategy and military operations. Strategist Bernard Loo explains that “it is the influence of geography on tactical and operational elements of the strategic calculus that underpins, albeit subliminally, strategic calculations about the feasibility of the use of military force because the geographical conditions will influence policy-makers’ and strategic 1 An early version of some sections of this article appeared as “Geostrategical Approaches,” a research report for Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) project on the Assessment of Threats Against Canada submitted in 2015. We are grateful to the coordinators of that project, as well as to reviewers who provided feedback that has strengthened this article. Final research and writing was completed pursuant to a Department of National Defence MINDS Collaborative Network grant supporting the North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network (NAADSN). ©Centre of Military and Strategic Studies, 2019 ISSN : 1488-559X JOURNAL OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES planners’ perceptions of strategic vulnerabilities or opportunities.”2 By extension, the geographical size and location of a country are key determinants
    [Show full text]
  • Yuri M. Zhukov As of Aug 25, 2020
    Yuri M. Zhukov as of Aug 25, 2020 Contact Department of Political Science Information University of Michigan e-mail: [email protected] 5700 Haven Hall, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1045 www: sites.lsa.umich.edu/zhukov Research Substantive: civil conflict (causes, dynamics, consequences), interstate conflict, political Interests communication, historical legacies, military effectiveness, state repression, Russia Methodological: applied statistics, formal theory, spatial/network analysis, text analysis Education Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Government) 2014 M.A., Georgetown University, Washington, DC (National Security Studies) 2007 A.B., Brown University, Providence, RI (International Relations) 2003 Academic Employment University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Political Science Associate Professor 2020 { Assistant Professor 2014 { 2020 Institute for Social Research, Center for Political Studies Faculty Associate 2014 { Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies Faculty Associate 2014 { Peer-Reviewed 22. \Mass Repression and Political Loyalty: Evidence from Stalin's `Terror by Hunger'" Journal [with Arturas Rozenas], American Political Science Review 113, no. 2 (2019): Articles 569-583. 21. \Introducing xSub: A New Portal for Cross-National Data on Sub-National Violence" [with Christian Davenport and Nadiya Kostyuk], Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 4: 604-614. 20. \Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles" [with Todd Lehmann], International Organization 73, no. 1 (2019): 133-169. 19. \Media Ownership and News Coverage of International Conflict” [with Matthew Baum], Political Communication 31, no. 1 (2019): 36-53. 18. \Invisible Digital Front: Can Cyber Operations Shape Battlefield Events?" [with Nadiya Kostyuk], Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 2 (2019): 317-347. • Press: Washington Post / Monkey Cage.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations
    Geostrategic and geopolitical Chapter I considerations regarding energy Francisco José Berenguer Hernández Abstract This chapter analyses the peace and conflict aspects of the concept of “energy security” its importance in the strategic architecture of the major nations, as well as the main geopolitical factors of the current energy panorama. Key words Energy Security, National Strategies, Energy Interests, Geopolitics of Energy. 45 Francisco José Berenguer Hernández Some considerations about the “energy security” concept Concept The concept of energy security has been present in publications for a cer- tain number of years, including the press and non-trade media, but it is apparently a recent one, or at least one that has not enjoyed the popular- ity of others such as road, workplace, social or even air security. However, it has taken on such importance nowadays that it deserves a specific section in the highest-level strategic documents of practically all of the nations in our environment, as will be seen in a later section. This is somewhat different from the form of security of other sectors that include the following in more generic terms: “well-being and progress of society”, “ensuring the life and prosperity of citizens” and other simi- lar expressions, with the exception of economic security. The latter, as a consequence of the long and deep recession that numerous nations, in- cluding Spain, have been suffering, has strongly emerged in more recent strategic thinking. Consequently, it is worth wondering the reason for this relevance and leading role of energy security in the concerns of the high- est authorities and institutions of the nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU)
    Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) Brief Number 6 The 2007 Elections and the Future of Democracy in Pakistan Lt. Gen. Talat Masood [Rted] 1st March 2007 About the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) The Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) was established in the Department of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, in March 2007. It serves as an independent portal and neutral platform for interdisciplinary research on all aspects of Pakistani security, dealing with Pakistan's impact on regional and global security, internal security issues within Pakistan, and the interplay of the two. PSRU provides information about, and critical analysis of, Pakistani security with particular emphasis on extremism/terrorism, nuclear weapons issues, and the internal stability and cohesion of the state. PSRU is intended as a resource for anyone interested in the security of Pakistan and provides: • Briefing papers; • Reports; • Datasets; • Consultancy; • Academic, institutional and media links; • An open space for those working for positive change in Pakistan and for those currently without a voice. PSRU welcomes collaboration from individuals, groups and organisations, which share our broad objectives. Please contact us at [email protected] We welcome you to look at the website available through: http://spaces.brad.ac.uk:8080/display/ssispsru/Home Other PSRU Publications The following papers are freely available through the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) • Brief number 1. Pakistan, Biological Weapons and the BTWC • Brief number 2. Sectarianism in Pakistan • Brief number 3. Pakistan, the Taliban and Dadullah • Brief number 4. Security research in Pakistan • Brief number 5. Al-Qaeda in Pakistan • Brief number 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Affairs Test No. 1
    Pakistan Affairs Test No. 1 1. ______ resumes flights to Pakistan in June,2019 after 10 years: (a) British Airways (b) Qatar Airways (c) New York Airways (d) None of These 2. Pakistan will receive ______ billion dollars loan from IMF over 3 years: (a) 6.2bn Dollars (b) 6bn Dollars (c) 6.5bn Dollars (d) None of These 3. Who is the current Governor State Bank of Pakistan? (a) Shabbar Zaidi (b) Reza Baqir (c) Hammad Azhar (d) None of These 4. Who is the current Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence? (a) Lt General Faiz Hameed (b) Maj General Asif Ghafoor (c) Lt General Asim Munir (d) None of These 5. Who is the current state Minister of Revenue? (a) Asad Umar (b) Dr. Abdul Hafeez Sheikh (c) Hammad Azhar (d) None of These 6. In terms of temperature the hottest place in Pakistan is: (a) Multan (b) Jacobabad (c) Sibi (d) Hyderabad 7. The most important cash crop of Pakistan after wheat is: (a) Maize (b) Millet (c) Sugarcane (d) Rice 8. Give the location of Gomal Zam Dam: (a) Punjab (b) Sindh (c) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (d) Balochistan 9. Word Urdu means: (a) Believers (b) A group of students (c) Army (d) None of these 10. “Sassi Punun” is a love story of: (a) Punjabi (b) Pushto (c) Sindhi (d) Siraiki 11. Amir Crore is the first poet of: (a) Pushto (b) Siraiki (c) Punjabi (d) Sindhi 12. Who was the founder of FIA (Federal Investigation Agency) Pakistan? (a) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (b) General Zia ul Haq (c) Pervez Musharraf (d) None of These 13.
    [Show full text]
  • Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia
    Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones, and Ziad Haider, editors Copyright © 2004 The Henry L. Stimson Center All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the Henry L. Stimson Center. Cover design by Design Army. ISBN 0-9747255-8-7 The Henry L. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street NW Twelfth Floor Washington, DC 20036 phone 202.223.5956 fax 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. v Abbreviations..................................................................................................... vii Introduction......................................................................................................... ix 1. The Stability-Instability Paradox, Misperception, and Escalation Control in South Asia Michael Krepon ............................................................................................ 1 2. Nuclear Stability and Escalation Control in South Asia: Structural Factors Rodney W. Jones......................................................................................... 25 3. India’s Escalation-Resistant Nuclear Posture Rajesh M. Basrur ........................................................................................ 56 4. Nuclear Signaling, Missiles, and Escalation Control in South Asia Feroz Hassan Khan ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: the Worsening Conflict in Balochistan
    PAKISTAN: THE WORSENING CONFLICT IN BALOCHISTAN Asia Report N°119 – 14 September 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. CENTRALISED RULE AND BALOCH RESISTANCE ............................................ 2 A. A TROUBLED HISTORY .........................................................................................................3 B. RETAINING THE MILITARY OPTION .......................................................................................4 C. A DEMOCRATIC INTERLUDE..................................................................................................6 III. BACK TO THE BEGINNING ...................................................................................... 7 A. CENTRALISED POWER ...........................................................................................................7 B. OUTBREAK AND DIRECTIONS OF CONFLICT...........................................................................8 C. POLITICAL ACTORS...............................................................................................................9 D. BALOCH MILITANTS ...........................................................................................................12 IV. BALOCH GRIEVANCES AND DEMANDS ............................................................ 13 A. POLITICAL AUTONOMY .......................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration
    First Draft - Do Not Cite TA4757-PAK: BALOCHISTAN ECONOMIC REPORT Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration Haris Gazdar 28 February 2007 Collective for Social Science Research 173-I Block 2, PECHS, Karachi 75400, Pakistan [email protected] The author gratefully acknowledges research assistance provided by Azmat Ali Budhani, Sohail Javed, Hussain Bux Mallah, and Noorulain Masood. Irfan Khan provided guidance with resource material and advised on historical references. Introduction Compared with other provinces of Pakistan, and Pakistan taken as a whole, Balochistan’s economic and social development appears to face particularly daunting challenges. The province starts from a relatively low level – in terms of social achievements such as health, education and gender equity indicators, economic development and physical infrastructure. The fact that Balochistan covers nearly half of the land area of Pakistan while accounting for only a twentieth of the country’s population is a stark enough reminder that any understanding of the province’s economic and social development will need to pay attention to its geographical and demographic peculiarities. Indeed, remoteness, environmental fragility and geographical diversity might be viewed as defining the context of development in the province. But interestingly, Balochistan’s geography might also be its main economic resource. The low population density implies that the province enjoys a potentially high value of natural resources per person. The forbidding topography is home to rich mineral deposits – some of which have been explored and exploited while yet others remain to be put to economic use. The land mass of the province endows Pakistan with a strategic space that might shorten trade and travel costs between emerging economic regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Insurgency in Balochistan
    Pierce-The American College of Greece Model United Nations | 2019 Committee: Security Council Issue: Insurgency in Balochistan Student Officer: Thomas Evans Position: Deputy President PERSONAL INTRODUCTION Dear delegates, My name is Thomas Evans, and I will be serving as the Deputy President of the Security Council in the 3rd annual ACGMUN conference in 2019. I am currently in Year 12 at Campion School, in my first year of IB. In total, the third ACGMUN will be my eighth conference, my third time acting as a Student Officer, and my first time chairing in the Security Council. This will also be my first time participating, in any position, in the ACGMUN Conference. Delegates remember that the study guide is an outline of the topic, and you will have to research your countries’ policies, and do further research on the topic yourselves. However, if you have any questions on the study guide, or the topic, you can send me an email at [email protected]. I’m willing to answer any questions related to the topic, the committee and the conference, and am looking forward to meeting all of you. Kind Regards, Thomas ACGMUN Study Guide|Page 1 of 17 Pierce-The American College of Greece Model United Nations | 2019 TOPIC INTRODUCTION Balochistan, otherwise spelled as Baluchistan or Baluchestan, is a region that extends within the borders of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. The largest portion, in area and population, of Balochistan, is in Pakistan, and it is, in land area, Pakistan’s largest province. The population of the whole Balochistan region is, according to a conjuncture of various sources, around 18 to 19 million.
    [Show full text]