Balochistan Review 2 2019
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Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration
First Draft - Do Not Cite TA4757-PAK: BALOCHISTAN ECONOMIC REPORT Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration Haris Gazdar 28 February 2007 Collective for Social Science Research 173-I Block 2, PECHS, Karachi 75400, Pakistan [email protected] The author gratefully acknowledges research assistance provided by Azmat Ali Budhani, Sohail Javed, Hussain Bux Mallah, and Noorulain Masood. Irfan Khan provided guidance with resource material and advised on historical references. Introduction Compared with other provinces of Pakistan, and Pakistan taken as a whole, Balochistan’s economic and social development appears to face particularly daunting challenges. The province starts from a relatively low level – in terms of social achievements such as health, education and gender equity indicators, economic development and physical infrastructure. The fact that Balochistan covers nearly half of the land area of Pakistan while accounting for only a twentieth of the country’s population is a stark enough reminder that any understanding of the province’s economic and social development will need to pay attention to its geographical and demographic peculiarities. Indeed, remoteness, environmental fragility and geographical diversity might be viewed as defining the context of development in the province. But interestingly, Balochistan’s geography might also be its main economic resource. The low population density implies that the province enjoys a potentially high value of natural resources per person. The forbidding topography is home to rich mineral deposits – some of which have been explored and exploited while yet others remain to be put to economic use. The land mass of the province endows Pakistan with a strategic space that might shorten trade and travel costs between emerging economic regions. -
I Leaders of Pakistan Movement, Vol.I
NIHCR Leadersof PakistanMovement-I Editedby Dr.SajidMehmoodAwan Dr.SyedUmarHayat National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad - Pakistan 2018 Leaders of Pakistan Movement Papers Presented at the Two-Day International Conference, April 7-8, 2008 Vol.I (English Papers) Sajid Mahmood Awan Syed Umar Hayat (Eds.) National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad – Pakistan 2018 Leaders of Pakistan Movement NIHCR Publication No.200 Copyright 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to NIHCR at the address below: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, New Campus, Quaid-i-Azam University P.O. Box 1230, Islamabad-44000. Tel: +92-51-2896153-54; Fax: +92-51-2896152 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.nihcr.edu.pk Published by Muhammad Munir Khawar, Publication Officer Formatted by \ Title by Khalid Mahmood \ Zahid Imran Printed at M/s. Roohani Art Press, Sohan, Express Way, Islamabad Price: Pakistan Rs. 600/- SAARC countries: Rs. 1000/- ISBN: 978-969-415-132-8 Other countries: US$ 15/- Disclaimer: Opinions and views expressed in the papers are those of the contributors and should not be attributed to the NIHCR in any way. Contents Preface vii Foreword ix Introduction xi Paper # Title Author Page # 1. -
Defenders of Human Rights in Balochistan in Need of Defence
Defenders of human rights in Balochistan in need of defence Angelika Pathak August 2011 List of contents 1. Attacks on newspapers, electronic media and abuses of individual journalists in Balochistan 1.1 Newspapers and electronic media 1.2 Abuses of individual journalists a. Arbitrary detention of journalists b. Harassment and ill-treatment of journalists c. Journalists subjected to enforced disappearance and extrajudicial execution d. Journalists subjected to enforced disappearance and released, reports of torture e. Journalists subjected to targeted killing f. Journalists inadequately protected while covering violence 2. Human rights abuses inflicted on lawyers in Balochistan 3. Human rights abuses inflicted on human rights activists in Balochistan 4. Recommendations to the Federal Government of Pakistan and the Provincial Government of Balochistan Executive summary Human rights defenders, i.e. persons who uncover human rights violations, bring them to public knowledge and campaign for redress for victims through peaceful and non-violent means, were in December 1998 placed been under the special protection of the international community when the General Assembly adopted the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders. It was the first UN instrument that explicitly recognizes the importance and legitimacy of the work of human rights defenders and lays down their right to effective protection. This commitment has not been honoured in Balochistan. Human rights defenders - be they journalists investigating and documenting wrongdoings of state agents, lawyers representing victims of human rights abuses in court or human rights activists campaigning to end human rights violations – have been subjected to a range of human rights violations themselves. They have been harassed, arbitrarily arrested and detained, subjected to enforced disappearance, torture and extrajudicial killings. -
Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo: the Evolution of a Leftist Politician in Balochistan: JSRP, Vol
Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo: The Evolution of a Leftist Politician in Balochistan: JSRP, Vol. 57, Issue 3(July-Sept 2020) Himayatullah Yaqubi Iftikhar Ahmad Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo: The Evolution of a Leftist Politician in Balochistan Abstract Political landscape of Balochistan has always been marred by ethnic and progressive issues. Ranging from provincial autonomy to separatist movements, Balochistan has been largely an integrated unit of the federation of Pakistan. It produced variety of leaders who propagated ethnic Baloch interests with clear leftist and progressive outlook in politics. Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo was among those politicians in Balochistan who upheld ideas of fraternity, human dignity, and liberal democratic principles. Some of the author has mentioned that he was a formal member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Coming from politically less-exposed society, he carved out a place for himself on national level during Pakistan first decade after independence. This article traces the political career of Bizenjo from the time of pre-1947 India. He remained active in the politics of the Kalat State spreading anti- imperial, leftist and anti-Khan ideas. The study investigates the principles and the techniques he followed in the political milieu of Balochistan and Pakistan. It analyses the ethnic discourse, his reservations on the issues related to Balochistan and the role he played on national level. It would have also been explored that why he was arrested by the successive regimes and what charges were brought against him. The article explores that how the evolution of a leftist-cum-regionalist politician took place with convincingly nationalist political bearings. -
Political Movements in Balochistan Their Achievements and Losses
33 Bi-Annual Research Journal “JOURNAL OF EDUCATION & HUMANITIES RESEARCH” ISSN: 2415-2366 Institute of Education and Research (IER), UOB, Quetta Pakistan VOL.I.NO 1, 2016 Political movements in Balochistan their achievements and losses: (A case study from 1920 to 1948) Pervez Ahmed Lecturer Pakistan study centre University of Balochistan Shazia Jaffar Lecturer Pakistan study centre University of Balochistan Muhammad Zakir Lecturer Sociology Department University of Balochistan Waheed Razzaq Lecturer Balochistan study centre University of Balochistan Abstract The state of Balochistan has not been luckiest ones in the world. As geo strategic and political important has been considered by entire world but people of this home land always been in the shadow of cruelty and blood shedding. From Aryan attacks till modern era is the evidence of the Baloch exploitation the purpose of writing this paper is to find out and introduce political history of Balochistan and also mention the time when political awareness gained by Baloch people and how the joined peaceful and political way of struggle to achieve their goals. The evolution of political events and policies will be described. Baloch almost fought four hundred battles against British. The Britain ruled Balochistan under different policies such as forward policy close border policy, policy of portioning of Baloch land but among these the worst impact of geography of Balochistan was the consequence of partition policy. Every nation learns with the passage of time and farsighted visionary leader having great leadership qualities can be a great fortune for a nation. Because right decisions on a right time is a partial victory in terms of policies. -
Gulawar KHAN 2014.Pdf
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/research/westminsterresearch Politics of nationalism, federalism, and separatism: The case of Balochistan in Pakistan Gulawar Khan Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © The Author, 2014. This is an exact reproduction of the paper copy held by the University of Westminster library. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Users are permitted to download and/or print one copy for non-commercial private study or research. Further distribution and any use of material from within this archive for profit-making enterprises or for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: (http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] POLITICS OF NATIONALISM, FEDERALISM, AND SEPARATISM: THE CASE OF BALOCHISTAN IN PAKISTAN GULAWAR KHAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2014 Author’s declaration This thesis is carried out as per the guidelines and regulations of the University of Westminster. I hereby declare that the materials contained in this thesis have not been previously submitted for a degree in any other university, including the University of Westminster. -
Regional Political Parties& Democracy: a Case Study of Balochistan
219 Bi-Annual Research Journal “JOURNAL OF EDUCATION & HUMANITIES RESEARCH” ISSN: 2415-2366 Institute of Education and Research (IER), UOB, Quetta Pakistan VOL.5.NO 1, 2018 Regional political Parties& democracy: a case study of Balochistan Fazli Subhan, M.Phil scholar Political Science Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta. Dr. Adil Zaman Kasi, Associate Professor, Political Science Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta. Abstract This paper is intended to study the regional political parties of Balochistan. Regional political parties play a prominent role in the politics of democratic countries. These provide services to thepeople at the doorsteps. Regional political parties in Balochistan play a great role in the politics of the region. Principal among them is National Party, Balochistan National Party (M), Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party, Awami National Party, Balochistan National Party (A), Balochistan National Movement, and Jamhoori Watan Party. All the above parties were analyzed to see whether they follow the basic democratic processes. Among them, National Party was found to be the most democratic party. PkMAP has been successful to a large extent by getting seats in Balochistan Assembly, but in terms of intraparty democracy party leadership remained the same throughout the years and party constitution is found to be not up to the mark. All other parties though play a prominent role but were found to be least democratic. These parties have left a space for the parties like PMLN, PMLQ, and PPP etc which the latter have filled. Regional parties in Balochistan have to strive hard to consolidate their position. Key Words: Balochistan, Regional parties, democracy, National Party, Jamhoori Watan Party, Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party. -
Emergent Cinema of Pakistan
Bāzyāft-30 (Jan-Jun 2017) Urdu Department, Punjab University, Lahore 13 Emergent Cinema of Pakistan Ahmad Bilal ABSTRACT: Pakistan and India shared a common history, language and cultural values, so the form of the film is also similar. The biggest challenge for Pakistan film industry (Lollywood), since partition in 1947, was to achieve a form that can formulate its unique identity. Indian films had been facing an official ban from 1960s to 2007, which initially had helped the local film industry, as, in 1970s and 80s, it was producing more than 100 films per year. However, the ban had diminished the competition and become the biggest reason of the decline of Pakistani film. The number of films and their production value had been deteriorating in the last two decades. In 2007, the official screening Indian films have been allowed by Pakistani authorities. It, on the one side, has damaged the traditional films, “established cinema”, of Pakistan, and on the other side, it has reactivated the old question of distinctive cultural face of Pakistan. Simultaneously, the technology has been shifted from analogue to digital, which have allowed young generation of moviemakers to experiment with the medium, as it is relatively economical. The success of Khuda Kay Liay (2007) and Bol (2011) have initiated a new kind of cinema, which is termed as “emergent cinema” by this research. This paper investigates emergent cinema to define its elements and to establish its relation with the established cinema of Pakistan. It also discloses the link of emergent cinema with the media liberation Act of 2002, which has allowed a range of subjects. -
4. Leftist Politics in British India, Himayatullah
Leftist Politics in British India: A Case Study of the Muslim Majority Provinces Himayatullah Yaqubi ∗ Abstract The paper is related with the history and political developments of the various organizations and movements that espoused a Marxist, leftist and socialist approach in their policy formulation. The approach is to study the left’s political landscape within the framework of the Muslim majority provinces which comprised Pakistan after 1947. The paper would deal those political groups, parties, organizations and personalities that played significant role in the development of progressive, socialist and non-communal politics during the British rule. Majority of these parties and groups merged together in the post-1947 period to form the National Awami Party (NAP) in July 1957. It is essentially an endeavour to understand the direction of their political orientation in the pre-partition period to better comprehend their position in the post-partition Pakistan. The ranges of the study are much wide in the sense that it covers all the provinces of the present day Pakistan, including former East Pakistan. It would also take up those political figures that were influenced by socialist ideas but, at the same time, worked for the Muslim League to broaden its mass organization. In a nutshell the purpose of the article is to ∗ Research Fellow, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 64 Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol.XXXIV, No.I, 2013 study the pre-partition political strategies, line of thinking and ideological orientation of the components which in the post- partition period merged into the NAP in 1957. -
Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan
Pakistan “We Can Torture, Kill, HUMAN RIGHTS or Keep You for Years” WATCH Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan “We Can Torture, Kill, or Keep You for Years” Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 156432-786-8 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 51, Avenue Blanc 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2011 1-56432-786-8 “We Can Torture, Kill, or Keep You for Years” Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan Map of Balochistan .......................................................................................................................... i Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 9 I. -
Inside Balochistan's Forgotten Conflict
Inside Balochistan’s Forgotten Conflict Understanding Pakistan’s Repressive Policies & Human Rights Violations 1 2 Balochistan’s Forgotten Conflict Pakistan’s Repressive Policies & Human Rights Violations 3 4 Balochistan’s Forgotten Conflict Overview: I. Balochistan: An Introduction 07 II. Human Rights Violations in Balochistan 09 III. Enforced Disappearances 14 IV. Political Assassinations and Targeted Killings 28 V. Mass Killings 38 VI. Abduction, Arrests & Detentions 39 VII. Displaced Baloch 45 VIII. Restrictions on Freedom of Expression 48 IX. Restrictions on Freedom of Association 53 X. Gender-Based Human Rights Violations 56 XI. The Neglected Region 59 XII. Development & Militarization 65 5 Balochistan’s Forgotten Conflict 6 Balochistan’s Forgotten Conflict Balochistan: An Introduction Balochistan is divided between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. It strategically bridges the Middle East and Southwest Asia to Central Asia and South Asia, and forms the closest oceanic frontage for the land-locked countries of Central Asia. Balochistan is the largest among Pakistan's four provinces, comprising 43 per cent of land area. Around 13 million people inhabit Balochistan (both in Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan). Despite being the richest province in terms of energy and mineral resources, Balochistan remains one of the most under- developed and impoverished regions. The Baloch therefore have long been demanding the national right to self- determination and control over their land and resources. Although the Balochistan crisis pre- dates General Parvez Musharraf’s military regime, it still remains unaddressed. The denial of the fundamental right to self-determination has been a major cause of the ongoing conflict. Pakistani intelligence and security forces are using brute and suppressive policies to silence moderate Baloch nationalists. -
Feminism, Hegemony and Empowerment in Pakistani Selected Films Pjaee, 18(8) (2021)
FEMINISM, HEGEMONY AND EMPOWERMENT IN PAKISTANI SELECTED FILMS PJAEE, 18(8) (2021) FEMINISM, HEGEMONY AND EMPOWERMENT IN PAKISTANI SELECTED FILMS Qaisar Khan1, Kalimullah Khan2, Mudassir Hussain3, Sher Akbar4, Sundus Khan5 1Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University Islamabad. 2Department of Business Administration, Kardan University, Kabul, Afghanistan. 3,5MS Research Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad. 4Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad. Qaisar Khan , Kalimullah Khan , Mudassir Hussain , Sher Akbar , Sundus Khan , Feminism, Hegemony And Empowerment In Pakistani Selected Films , Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 18(8). ISSN 1567-214x. KeyWords: Urdu Cinema, Gender Roles, Feminism, Hegemony, Empowerment. Abstract: This paper examines hegemony and women empowerment in three selected Pakistani films produced in 2011 onwards. Why the films break and mend masochism at a time with a portrayal of socio-politically dominated women that challenge patriarchy after 2011. To find out how these films portray socio-politically dominated women that challenge Patriarchy. Quantitative methods used to find out how significantly the role of female characters assigned and what the statistics and frequencies indicate women empowerment and hegemony. The paper found women empowerment as 7.8% women out of 13.3% are decision makers, self-expression as 3.4% followed by education and demand for justice as 1.1% each. While hegemony found as out of 84.8% scenes 23.6% women are oppressed due to the class system which is 3.0% where injustice is 19.8% due to patriarchy which is 18.4%. The paper recommends that the male run entertainment industry that targets male audiences should avoid masochism for commercial 1205 FEMINISM, HEGEMONY AND EMPOWERMENT IN PAKISTANI SELECTED FILMS PJAEE, 18(8) (2021) purposes for the sake of the essence of cinematic norms and spirits, so that women's portrayal of empowerment can help socio-political and culture awareness.