c/o Katina Strauch Post Office Box 799 Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482

REFERENCE PUBLISHING issue TM

volume 31, number 4 september 2019

ISSN: 1043-2094 “Linking Publishers, Vendors and Librarians” Assessment in Libraries by Shannon L. Farrell (Natural Resources Librarian, University of Minnesota) and Kristen L. Mastel (Outreach and Instruction Librarian, University of Minnesota)

his issue of Against the Grain focuses Over the past year, we worked with our Toolkit.3 In this Toolkit, there is helpful doc- on the various kinds of assessment colleagues Stephanie Graves and Sarah umentation to match outreach programming Tthat occur in libraries. Assessment LeMire from Texas A&M on the Associa- to institutional goals, assessment techniques, is incorporated across all aspects of library tion of Research Libraries (ARL) Spec and institutional reporting. Example programming and services, from instruction Kit 361.1 Through surveying a range “Because” statements highlight unique to outreach to space planning to collections to of ARL institutions, we gathered services and resources that libraries user experience. When we started soliciting information on the current landscape provide and can aid libraries in their articles, we did it with the intent of covering a of outreach staffing, responsibilities, promotional activities by providing wide variety of types of assessment in libraries. funding, and methods of assessment. simple, eye-catching designs for Our experience and expertise with as- One of the core findings was that ready distribution. The Toolkit is sessment has focused on our activities and there is no agreed upon definition of recruiting for additional content programs around outreach. Over the past few outreach; as a result, we suggest that and case studies, so please submit years, we have undertaken numerous projects each institution needs to define what out- relevant institutional examples that on the topic of outreach assessment. We reach encompasses for their community. you may have. became interested in this work as outreach This study also reinforced what we found As noted, libraries are conducting activities have traditionally not been formally in the literature,2 that outreach is often not all kinds of assessment around different assessed, or if they were, they focused on planned programmatically or incorporated programs and services. Many assess- into institutional assessment efforts. simple quantitative measures like head counts. continued on page 8 In our work, we hope to persuade librarians to A resource that we have recently worked learn more about various assessment measures on to assist in developing institutional outreach and to establish goals that are tied to assessment and engagement assessment for academic for every outreach activity that they engage in. libraries is the ACRL Libraries Transform What To Look For In This Issue: Epistemology — Power, Control, and If Rumors Were Horses the Quest for Open Infrastructure....36 Marketing Touchpoints — Putting Marketing Planning in its Place...... 60 ave you met Courtney McAllister? braries, archives, and Courtney is Electronic Resources Li- museums, we need a Headwaters — The Subversion of brarian at Yale University, Associate flexible toolkit that Referees...... 66 H ATG Food + Beverage Roundup...... 70 Editor of The Serials Librarian, a columnist will help informa- for Against the Grain and a Director of the tion professionals Interviews Charleston Conference. I first metCourtney become change lead- when she was Electronic Resources Librarian ers, navigating the equally complex variables Karen Phillips & Kiren Shoman...... 38 at the Citadel’s Daniel Library. Well, the associated with system specs and human ex- Henry Owino...... 41 incredible Courtney has just finishedChange perience or perception. Change Management Jason Dewland & Yvonne Mery...... 44 Management for Library Technologists: A LITA incorporates these concerns into a comprehen- Guide. It has been selected as the ATG Book sive framework.” Theodore Pappas...... 46 of the Week! We all know that “technology Hot off the Press! Beth the incredible Ber- Profiles Encouraged has transformed how libraries, archives, and nhardt who loves us all but especially beer! People, Library and Company museums store and display their collections, Has accepted a job at Oxford University Press engage with their users, and serve their com- Profiles...... 83 as of September 16! Her title is Consortia Plus more...... See inside munities. The pressure to implement new tech- Account Manager and her new email is . truly useful to users, staff, and stakeholders can represent a huge investment of time and And did you know that Lynda Kellam has money that yields little reward. In order to left UNC-Greensboro for a new position at make meaningful technology changes in our li- continued on page 6 1043-2094(201909)31:4;1-2

Against The Grain Against the Grain (ISSN: 1043-2094) (USPS: 012-618), TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright 2017 by the name Against the Grain, LLC is pub- lished six times a year in February, April, June, September, v.31 #4 September 2019 © Katina Strauch November, and December/January by Against the Grain, LLC. Business and Editorial Offices: PO Box 799, 1712 ISSUES, NEWS, & GOINGS ON Thompson Ave., Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. Accounting and Circulation Offices: same. Call (843-509-2848) to Rumors...... 1 Letters to the Editor...... 6 subscribe. Periodicals postage is paid at Charleston, SC. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Against the From Your Editor...... 6 Deadlines...... 6 Grain, LLC, PO Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. Editor: Katina Strauch (Retired, College of Charleston) FEATURES Associate Editors: Assessment in Libraries — Guest Editors: Shannon L. Farrell and Kristen L. Mastel Cris Ferguson (Murray State) Tom Gilson (Retired, College of Charleston) John Riley (Consultant) Assessment in Libraries...... 1 Assessing e-journal post-cancellation by Shannon L. Farrell and Kristen L. Mastel access...... 28 Research Editors: Judy Luther (Informed Strategies) — Outreach activities have traditionally not by Sunshine Carter and Yumiko Toyo- Assistants to the Editor: been formally assessed, or if they were, they ta-Kindler — A post-cancellation access Ileana Strauch focused on simple quantitative measures like determination (PCAD) project uncovered Toni Nix (Just Right Group, LLC) head counts. This issue of ATG aims to examine various challenges unique to serial publi- Editor At Large: some of the major issues and also provide inci- cations. The authors share their experience Dennis Brunning (Retired, Arizona State Univ.) sive commentary from a range of contributors. with determining PCA at the University of Contributing Editors: Enhancing the Rigor of Common Minnesota and outline recommendations for Glenda Alvin (Tennessee State University) other PCA projects. Rick Anderson (University of Utah) Library Assessment Activities...... 14 Sever Bordeianu (U. of New Mexico) by Craig E. Smith — Craig limits the scope Assessing the Success of Library Todd Carpenter (NISO) of this article to assessment involving human Published Journals...... 30 Eleanor Cook (East Carolina University) Anne Doherty (Choice) data, and to a small number of ways of increas- by Emma Molls — This paper will discuss Ruth Fischer (SCS / OCLC) ing rigor that are not overly burdensome. This UMN Libraries Publishing’s development of Michelle Flinchbaugh (U. of MD Baltimore County) is an observation of places where relatively journal-level goals to assess publication-level Joyce Dixon-Fyle (DePauw University) easy opportunities for improvement exist. success and, in turn, assess the success of a Laura Gasaway (Retired, UNC, Chapel Hill) library publishing program. Regina Gong (Lansing Community College) Outreach Assessment: A Two-Pronged Michael Gruenberg (Gruenberg Consulting, LLC) Approach...... 17 Assessing Library Competencies for Chuck Hamaker (Retired, UNC, Charlotte) William M. Hannay (Schiff, Hardin & Waite) by John Jackson — The mother lode of out- the Future: The LibGOAL Toolkit for Mark Herring (Winthrop University) reach assessment will be found when someone Success...... 33 Bob Holley (Retired, Wayne State University) develops a way to combine multiple data points by Steven Bell, Marta Brunner, Jennifer Donna Jacobs (MUSC) into a single indicator of success. Ferguson, Elliot Felix, Emily Kessler, Kelly Ramune Kubilius (Northwestern University) Myer Kutz (Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.) Asking the Right Questions: Bridging Sanford, and David Woodbury — This article Tom Leonhardt Gaps Between Information Literacy will detail the process by which a group of Rick Lugg (SCS / OCLC) Assessment Approaches...... 20 thinkers and doers came together to identify Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) essential competencies and develop a toolkit to Bob Nardini (ProQuest) by Alison J. Head, Alaina C. Bull and Margy help both new and seasoned academic library Jim O’Donnell (Arizona State University) MacMillan — Drawing on combined experi- professionals prepare for their future. Ann Okerson (Center for Research Libraries) ence at community colleges and universities in Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s) the U.S. and Canada and Project Information Op Ed — Epistemology...... 36 Jared Seay (College of Charleston) Lindsay Wertman (IGI Global) Literacy (PIL), this article introduces a typol- Power, Control, and the Quest for Open ogy for classifying and critiquing four levels Infrastructure by T. Scott Plutchak — Ev- ATG Proofreader: Rebecca Saunders (College of Charleston) of information literacy assessment — micro, ery one of us operates out of a multiplicity of meso, macro, and mega. motivations in almost everything that we do yet Graphics: Bowles & Carver, Old English Cuts & Illustrations. Assessing Print Acquisitions at UMN every organization that has a mission needs to Grafton, More Silhouettes. Ehmcke, Graphic Trade have a sound financial structure. Symbols By German Designers. Grafton, Ready-to-Use Libraries...... 24 Old-Fashioned Illustrations. The Chap Book Style. by Julie Rashid — This article attempts to Back Talk...... 94 Speaking of Bathrooms? by Jim O’Donnell Production & Ad Sales: pull out the highlights of recent acquisitions Toni Nix, Just Right Group, LLC., P.O. Box 412, assessment initiatives (2005-2014), outline — Jim stresses that good restrooms make Cottageville, SC 29435, phone: 843-835-8604 current assessment activities (2015-present) for good students who get good grades. And fax: 843-835-5892 and reflect on what the future may hold for student success is our day job. Advertising information: print acquisitions. Toni Nix, phone: 843-835-8604, fax: 843-835-5892 Publisher: ATG INTERVIEWS & PROFILES A. Bruce Strauch Karen Phillips...... 38 Jason Dewland and Yvonne Mery.... 44 Send correspondence, press releases, etc., to: Katina Strauch, Editor, Against the Grain, LLC Senior Vice President Global Learning Re- Associate Librarians, Research & Learning, Post Office Box 799 source, SAGE Publishing University of Arizona Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482 cell: 843-509-2848 Kiren Shoman...... 38 Theodore Pappas...... 46 Against the Grain is indexed in Library Literature, LISA, Vice President Pedagogy, SAGE Publishing Executive Editor and Chief Development Of- Ingenta, and The Informed Librarian. ficer at Encyclopaedia Britannica Authors’ opinions are to be regarded as their own. All Henry Owino...... 41 rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. by Matthew Ismail — Henry, formerly Profiles Encouraged...... 83 This issue was produced on an iMac using Microsoft Word, and Adobe CS6 Premium software under Manager of Collection Acquisition Services at In this issue we have many people profiles, Mac OS X Mountain Lion. Qatar National Library, now in a new position some company profiles, and several library Against the Grain is copyright ©2019 at the University of New England. profiles as well. by Katina Strauch 4 Against the Grain / September 2019 REFERENCE PUBLISHING Issue REVIEWS “Linking Collecting to the Core...... 47 Booklover...... 53 Publishers, Vendors Gegenwartsromane, Contemporary Ger- Liquidation by Donna Jacobs — Donna’s and Librarians” man-Language Novels by Heidi Madden next Nobelist choice, Imre Kertész’s Liquida- — Monographic works that are essential to the tion — a random selection from the list of Nobel academic library within a particular discipline. Literature Laureates “because the novel’s title Reader’s Roundup...... 50 was delightfully intriguing.” Monographic Musings & Reference Reviews ATG Food + Beverage Roundup...... 70 by Corey Seeman — When asked to do the Charleston, SC by Nicole Ameduri and Mel- impossible, the industrious Corey does. Now anie Masserant — We are printng this column Uncommon ... he features both library-focused works and early to give us all time to plan our visit to Against the Grain is your key to reference works with a new title, recalling Charleston restaurants! Read on! the latest news about libraries, “Woody’s Roundup”from Toy Story 2! publishers, book jobbers, and subscription agents. ATG is a unique LEGAL ISSUES collection of reports on the issues, Edited by Bruce Strauch and Jack Montgomery literature, and people that impact Legally Speaking...... 54 Questions and Answers...... 56 the world of books, journals, and electronic information. The Complications of Open Educational Copyright Column by Laura N. Gasaway Resources by Anthony Paganelli — As always, Lolly features many relevant Unconventional ... Cases of Note...... 55 questions and answers. A public librarian asks about copying book jackets for display or to be ATG is published six times a year, Immoral Trademarks by Bruce Strauch — included in the library’s calendar of monthly in February, April, June, September, Iancu, Under Secretary of Commerce for events. Is this permissible? Lolly tells us. November, and December/January. Intellectual Property and Director, Patent and A six-issue subscription is available Trademark Office v. Brunetti. for only $55 U.S. ($65 Canada, $95 foreign, payable in U.S. dollars), PUBLISHING making it an uncommonly good buy Bet You Missed It...... 12 And They Were There...... 58 for all that it covers. Make checks payable to Against the Grain, LLC by Bruce Strauch — What do Stacy Keech Reports of Meetings — In this issue you’ll find and Clint Hill have in common? Read it here! Ramune’s fourth installment of reports from and mail to: the 2018 Charleston Conference. Against the Grain The Scholarly Publishing Scene...... 57 c/o Katina Strauch Bill Begell’s Legacy by Myer Kutz — A riv- Don’s Conference Notes...... 76 Post Office Box 799 eting look at a very special man and publisher by Donald T. Hawkins and Leah Hinds — Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482 with a legacy. 2019 ACRL Conference: Recasting the Narrative *Wire transfers are available, email for details, BOOKSELLING AND VENDING however, credit cards are the preferred alternative to checks ($25 fee applies). Little Red Herrings...... 10 Biz of Digital...... 72 Missing Piece of the Puzzle? by Mark Y. Developing and Growing a New Repository Herring — Reading is like a muscle that Service: Part 2 Procedures for Library Sub- develops with practice. missions by Michelle Flinchbaugh — Initial Marketing Touchpoints...... 60 procedures and documentation for an operation relying on one librarian were an important Putting Marketing Planning in its Place by stepping stone. While they weren’t completely Jill Heinze — When it comes to any sort of satisfactory, or always thoroughly documented, large-scale planning exercise, there seem to be opportunities for changes were identified. two kinds of people: Those who recoil in horror and those who eagerly welcome the process. Mayflower: Ode to New Beginnings....80 Optimizing Library Services...... 62 Beautiful Connector: Collection Showcase Exhibits as Teaching Tools and Communi- Food for Thought: Leveraging Library Ser- ty Builders by Antje Mays — Exhibits for vices to Address Food Insecurity by Kym- showcasing collections and related research berly Goodson and Rachel Conry — Food strategies can prove effective in helping cam- for Fines drives, while more common in public pus communities more fully harness the power libraries, are relatively simple to organize and of library resources in their research. have many benefits for academic libraries and the populations they serve. TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS Library Analytics: Shaping the Let’s Get Technical...... 65 Future...... 68 St. Thomas Library, Automating for the The SPAN Monograph Project: Shared Print Future by Tia Felock and Rebecca DeJesus Archiving in Western Canada by Jean Black- — How a regional organization helped a pri- burn and Lisa Petrachenko — A distributed vate elementary school automate their catalog. model of shared print archiving can effectively Headwaters...... 66 contribute to solving the problem of preserving The Subversion of Referees by Kent Ander- the print scholarly record into the future. son — Has the human referee declined in many parts of daily life? A new provocative column. Name ______Address ______City State Zip ______Company Phone ______Email ______Against the Grain / September 2019 5 and what this means for the future is the focus From Your (biting my nails) Editor: of Julie Rashid’s contribution. Sunshine Carter and Yumiko Toyota-Kindler share their experience with post-cancellation access ll right. We moved to the beach and Assessment in Libraries. This special issue determination (PCAD). Emma Molls assesses we knew there might be hurricanes! of Against the Grain aims to examine some the success of a library published journals pro- But every other week or so in the fall? of the major issues and also provide incisive A gram. Steven Bell, Marta Brunner, Jennifer Talk about false advertising or I guess I should commentary from a range of contributors. We Ferguson, Elliot Felix, Emily Kessler, Kelly say false stupidity. We are hunkered in — sur- have papers by Craig E. Smith on enhancing Sanford, and David Woodbury explore the rounded by bottles of water, batteries, cans of the rigor of assessment, John Jackson on essential competencies needed for the Lib- food, sandbags, closed shutters, you name combining multiple data points to achieve GOAL Toolkit. it! Here’s hoping all will remain well. a single indicator of success, Alison Scott Plutchak’s Epistemology — Power, As always we have a great print J. Head, Alaina C. Bull and Margy Control, and the Quest for Open Infrastruc- issue of ATG to read when the Internet MacMillan introduce four levels of ture is our OpEd. Jim O’Donnell’s Back Talk is down or we have no connectivity information literacy assessment — has suggestions about bathrooms, and with this in the air. Guest Editors Shannon L. micro, meso, macro, and mega. The issue we introduce a new column Headwaters Farrell and Kristen L. Mastel explore highlights of current print acquisitions by Kent Anderson who talks about The Sub- version of Referees. Our interviews are with Karen Phillips and Kiren Shoman of Sage Publishing, Jason Letters to the Editor Dewland and Yvonne Mery from the Univer- sity of Arizona, Theodore Pappas (Executive Send letters to , phone 843-509-2848, or snail mail: Against Editor and Chief Development Officer at En- the Grain, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. You can also send a cyclopaedia Britannica), and Henry Owino letter to the editor from the ATG Homepage at http://www.against-the-grain.com. (previously at Qatar National Library) now in a new position at University of New England. Corey Seeman has masterfully merged re- Dear Editor: views of online and print products in Reader’s Roundup, Ann Doherty is collecting contem- It was nice to see the ATG with my interview in it in my mailbox. Am I correct that it’s not porary German-language novels, Donna Ja- online yet? In any case, could you provide me with a PDF of the final version (or point me to cobs liked Liquidation, Anthony Paganelli is someone who can)? studying open educational resources, Ramune Many thanks, Maria Kubilius reports about the 2018 Charleston Conference, Myer Kutz revisits Robert Max- Maria Bonn (Program Director, MS Library and well and Pergamon Press, Don Hawkins and Information Science, Associate Professor, School of Leah Hinds visit ACRL, Mark Herring says Information Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana- reading is a muscle, Marketing Touchpoints Champaign) by Jill Heinze is all about marketing and build- ing bridges, Antje Mays wants to showcase Dear Maria, new teaching tools, Jean Blackburn and Lisa Petrachenko talk about print archiving, and We’re glad that you were pleased by the interview. You are correct. The interview should Michelle Flinchbaugh provides part two of a be available online in a few weeks so in the interim, I am copying Toni Nix our printer who can three part Biz of Digital series on repositories. provide you with a PDF of the file. They are asking us to evacuate! Time to Again, thank you for agreeing to do the interview. We enjoyed doing it too. — Yr. Ed. leave! Meanwhile, happy fall and see you online! Hugs, Yr. Ed. AGAINST THE GRAIN DEADLINES VOLUME 31 & 32 — 2019-2020 Rumors 2019 Events Issue Ad Reservation Camera-Ready from page 1 Charleston Conference November 2019 08/15/19 09/05/19 Cornell in July? Lynda has routinely written ALA Midwinter Dec. 2019-Jan. 2020 11/07/19 11/25/19 many meeting reports for ATG. Linda is on Council this year. It is her last on the NCLA 2020 Events Issue Ad Reservation Camera-Ready Chapter. Here is her new email address Annual Report, PLA February 2020 01/02/20 01/16/20 . MLA, SLA, Book Expo April 2020 02/20/20 03/12/20 The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s Senior Program Officer for Scholarly Com- ALA Annual June 2020 04/02/20 04/23/20 munications, Donald J. Waters, will retire on Reference Publishing September 2020 06/11/20 07/09/20 August 31, 2019 after 20 years of exceptional service at the Foundation. “Over the past two Charleston Conference November 2020 08/13/20 09/03/20 decades, Don has developed a magnificent ALA Midwinter Dec. 2020-Jan. 2021 11/05/20 11/23/20 vision for scholarly communications across the humanities landscape, and exerted the intellec- FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT tual leadership to implement it, always working Toni Nix ; Phone: 843-835-8604; Fax: 843-835-5892; with trusted partners in the field,” remarked USPS Address: P.O. Box 412, Cottageville, SC 29435; FedEx/UPS ship to: 398 Crab Mariët Westermann, executive vice president Apple Lane, Ridgeville, SC 29472. for programs and research. “He has been ahead continued on page 26

6 Against the Grain / September 2019

To understand the impact of information publishers. Molls’ article discusses how to uti- Assessment in Libraries literacy instruction, the Project Information lize an assortment of assessment measurements from page 1 Literacy Research Team (PIL) of Alison J. to address a wide variety of situations and how Head (visiting scholar at Harvard Universi- to connect the assessment back to unique goals ments that libraries collect are driven by report- ty), Aliana C. Bill (University of Washington and objectives by gathering feedback from ing to larger institutional bodies, such as ARL, Tacoma), and Margy MacMillian (Mount content providers. state library services, and/or accreditation bod- Royal University) classified library instruction ies. However, the data solicited is frequently While we have looked at how assessment assessment strategies into four levels (e.g., can impact libraries’ programs and services for just quantitative and does not tell the full story micro, meso, macro, and mega) based on scope of what libraries are doing. There have been improvement and patron learning, we have yet and level of collaboration across institutions. to touch on how assessment can move our pro- recent efforts to aid libraries in demonstrating Using this classification, the PIL team has their impact, such as Project Outcome,4 de- fession forward. Elliot Felix and the LibGoal conducted ten major research projects that project team created a tool to aid library staff veloped by the Public Library Association. involve surveys, interviews, and observations, Tools such as this provide some questions to in first identifying and assessing their skills, in an effort to “examine what students actually and then aligning them to both their personal use as a starting point for assessment, which do, rather than what we think they should do.” can be especially useful when many staff do not priorities and the goals of their institution. These assessments go beyond simple measure- Through a card sorting exercise, participants have formal assessment training or expertise. ments of acquired skills. By gathering more We solicited articles to provide a balance of are asked to reflect on the soft and hard skills data and asking well-crafted questions about needed in various library roles. This type of what assessment can look like in various roles student learning, we can better understand the and services within libraries. activity can help libraries create “T-shaped impact of library instruction. library professionals with vertical depth of As libraries push for more rigorous as- Libraries have been collecting simple sta- expertise as well as horizontal skills to enable sessment beyond just quantitative measures, tistics on their collections for many years (e.g., collaboration and impact.” In order to stay we are seeing a surge in job announcements how many times books have been checked relevant and nimble to our communities’ needs, for dedicated assessment positions and con- out), but collections assessment can be more we need staff that can easily adapt across roles ferences focused on improving the library’s effective and can address large-scale issues and responsibilities. impact and story. Craig Smith, Assessment when it is aligned with library initiatives. Julie As you will read in this special issue around Specialist at the University of Michigan, is an Rashid, Manager of Acquisitions and Rapid assessment in libraries, there are efforts at the example of how libraries are recruiting staff Cataloging at the University of Minnesota individual, institutional and professional levels with functional expertise to fill specific roles. (UMN), describes the initiatives that UMN to improve the demonstration of our impact and For instance, Smith’s background in psychol- Libraries undertook to assess their print acqui- telling of our stories. Purposeful assessment, ogy and institutional research equipped them sitions. These initiatives were established to while it takes time and thoughtfulness, can with a unique perspective that allowed them navigate staff through a period of uncertainty, help us address long-standing issues, answer to tackle institutional assessment challenges. including shifting priorities and rapid advances difficult questions, and promote change in Smith suggests several areas of improvement in technology. The assessment served to ad- meaningful ways. Do not be intimidated; for libraries when developing assessments: per- dress not only external drivers, such as budget the only way we all get better is by learning spective taking, asking questions with the right issues, but also internal processes, such as the through action! Over time, purposeful eval- focus, avoiding common problems with ques- acquisitions department’s productivity and effi- uation will allow us to investigate even more tions, getting meaningful responses, seeking ciency in offering services. Sunshine Carter, complex questions and push ourselves orga- diverse informants, being careful with claims, Electronic Resources Librarian, and Yumiko nizationally to confront areas we have yet to using assessment strategically, and seeking and Toyota-Kindler, Library Program Specialist 1 begin addressing in assessment, such as power, providing critical feedback. Through these in the E-Resource Management Unit, also at privilege, and equity. suggestions, libraries are able to improve their UMN, describe the process they undertook to assessment programs and services. assess post-cancellation access rights for the We would like to thank Katina Strauch The importance of asking the right ques- UMN Libraries e-journal collection, with a and Tom Gilson for the invitation to guest tions ties directly into the quality of the feed- goal to identify which print serials could be edit this issue on assessment and their support back we receive, and if we can measure the withdrawn. Identifying precisely what an in revising solicited articles. In addition, we impact outlined in our goals. As the Head of institution owns or has access to with regard are grateful to our many contributors. We are Outreach and Communications, John Jackson, to electronic purchases or subscriptions is elated that our paths have crossed with so many at Loyola Marymount University, shares paramount when deciding what print journals talented people willing to share their stories and assessment strategies to use in the areas of to discard. In their article, they provide rec- we hope they inspire you to expand and evolve programming and communications. Jackson ommendations on how other institutions could your assessment practices. provides a simple and streamlined three-ques- enact a similar process. Both of these articles tion feedback form that assesses not only why highlight the importance of assessing both people came to the program and what they print and electronic collections as libraries face Endnotes learned, but provides room for their thoughts challenges in terms of space constraints, limit- 1. LeMire, Sarah, Stephanie J. Graves, and reflections. Assessment is taken one step ed budgets, and ever-changing title ownership Shannon L. Farrell, and Kristen L. Mastel. further, by also using a rubric to evaluate the and publishing terms. Outreach and Engagement. SPEC Kit 361. feedback and measure if the program “trans- Emma Molls, Publishing Services Librari- Washington, DC: Association of Research formed” the attendees’ perceptions. While an at University of Minnesota, discusses how Libraries, November 2018. measuring engagement of communications to assess a brand new library-based publishing 2. Diaz, Stephanie A. “Outreach in ac- can be more straight-forward through clicks program at UMN. The goal of the program is ademic librarianship: A concept analysis and URL tracking, it can be time-consuming. and definition.” The Journal of Academic to provide an affordable alternative for pub- Librarianship 45, no. 3 (2019): 184-194. However, tracking can be used to justify lishing open access journals. However, the 3. Libguides: ACRL Libraries Transform spending more time and energy on social me- typical metrics used by publishers for assessing Toolkit: Introduction. Accessed June 4, dia and outreach efforts. Since libraries are journals, such as capturing sales figures, are not 2019. https://acrl.libguides.com/transform. multifaceted, Jackson states that the ultimate appropriate in this case, as UMN Publishing 4. Public Library Association. Project assessment will be combining “multiple data Services are not a for-profit publisher. Further, Outcome. Accessed June 4, 2019. https:// points into a single indicator of success, similar they are utilizing a variety of platforms, rather www.projectoutcome.org. to the Happiness Index or a Klout score.” than a single one, which is atypical of journal

8 Against the Grain / September 2019

viding up the labor is far superior to that elitist method of each person doing his or her own work. That may or may not be the case, but the growing popularity of this approach is beginning to have weak dividends. The Jigsaw Method comes to us from ke a closer look at.... the mind of Elliot Arsonson, developed by Ta him and his University of Texas students in or around 1971. Aronson is a masterful re- searcher. He graduated from Brandeis (BA), Wesleyan (MA) and Stanford (PhD, Psychol- ogy). He has won all three of the APA’s highest The CHARLESTON REPORT awards in writing, teaching and research. I mention all this because I do not think the Business Insights into the Library Market method itself may be inherently flawed but the execution of so many using a method they do not fully understand may be contributing You Need The Charleston Report... to results. Those results range from fine to if you are a publisher, vendor, product developer, merchandiser, lackluster. In any event, my complaint is more consultant or wholesaler who is interested in improving about the unintended consequences, not the method itself. and/or expanding your position in the U.S. library market. With respect to reading, the Jigsaw Method often manifests itself in the form of groups of Subscribe today at our discounted rate of only $75.00 students who parcel out the work. So, for a 15-page reading assignment, each student in a group of five may have three pages to read. On the face of it, this appears to make sense. After The Charleston Company all, isn’t this similar to what soon-to-be hotshot 6180 East Warren Avenue, Denver, CO 80222 attorneys do when trying to master a course Phone: 303-282-9706 • Fax: 303-282-9743 like Contracts that often requires hundreds of pages of reading between classes? Ah, there’s the rub. In a class of budding attorneys, one is likely to find most if not all of them at or above the 95th percentile. The idea of cooperative learning here is not necessarily an inherently bad one. Granted, group-learning Little Red Herrings — Missing Piece when I was going through school failed miser- ably on every attempt. Too many in the group of the Puzzle? did not do their portion of it, and all too often the lion’s share of the work fell to one or two by Mark Y. Herring (Dean of Library Services, Dacus Library, Winthrop of the more motivated students. This version University) of it strikes me as more politically motivated than strategic, but that may just be me. I al- ways bristle when approaches rely too much on ver since Sven Birkerts’ The Gutenberg paragraph. My most dismaying experience Kumbaya and not enough on substance. The Elegies, more than one writer has sought with this occurred about a decade ago with an Jigsaw Method focuses on mixing together Eto unravel the mystery of the decline in honors class of students. In a class of 25, only students of varying abilities, making certain, reading skills. Clearly, online access has not two of them read the class assignments. While it would seem, that some are going to be less helped. It has made us less attentive, more everyone wanted to participate, the majority motivated to do the work. As teachers in my snatch-and-grab in our pursuit of answers, did not want to do the work to gain a ticket to state have pointed out, Jigsaw Reading means less willing to read closely, and more. But participation. that no one student reads the entire work. Each we cannot place all the blame on the decline All of these things — the Web, the scores of student is responsible for his or her assignment in reading solely on the advent of the Web. children from homes that do not value reading, and reports back to the group. But grouping NAEP reading scores have been falling or and the process of reading itself — militate students of varying abilities means that some flat for decades, and that decline began before against effective reading, writing and math of those reports will be weak, and some may online reading was a “thing” or a “meme.” scores, of course, but perhaps there is yet one be worse than weak, even addlepated. Granted, none of these things have helped. We other piece to the puzzle of poor reading skills: Jigsaw Reading appears on the face of it also cannot discount the glaring fact that there enter Jigsaw Reading. to encourage not careful reading, but short were more than a million births to women 24 snatches of reading, while also encouraging and younger, and of that group, seventy-one Jigsaw Reading, or rather the Jigsaw Meth- “just enough” to get by. In our modern age, percent were to unmarried women. Almost od or technique, is a classroom activity that it is apparently too facile to point out that 50% of them already had a child. makes students dependent on others to succeed. Already you can see where this is going. We what makes reading stronger is, well, reading That reading skills have declined cannot are so wedded to our modern biases that we more and more, and more and more difficult be denied. From anecdotal cannot fathom that group texts. Reading is like a muscle that develops evidence to NAEP scores, learning can possi- with practice. The more you do the better you we find students every- bly be inferior become at it. Reading short parts of an article where unable to sit still to indepen- would, it appears, only encourage you to avoid long enough dent learning. longer and more complicated texts. to read much Surely coming This is certainly what I have encountered of anything together as a and what teachers in the area tell me as well. longer than a group and di- continued on page 18

10 Against the Grain / September 2019 Ethnomusicology: Global Field Recordings

Delve into the cultural study of music, and explore the rise of Ethnomusicology as a discipline, with this essential digital collection. Presenting content from across the globe, this diverse and comprehensive resource features audio field recordings and interviews, educational recordings, film footage, field notebooks, slides, correspondence and ephemera from fields of study around the world including sites in West Africa, North America, South East Asia, and more.

Key Themes: • Education and the teaching of Ethnomusicology • The interaction between music and art • Religion and ritual • Cultural identity and social norms • Music and gender • Music and confl ict • Musical traditions

www.amdigital.co.uk [email protected] www.amdigital.co.uk/primary-sources/ethnomusicology Bet You Missed It Press Clippings — In the News — Carefully Selected by Your Crack Staff of News Sleuths Column Editor: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus)

Editor’s Note: Hey, are y’all reading this? If you know of an article that should be called to Against the Grain’s attention ... send an email to . We’re listening! — KS

From Bullied Kid to 75 Films Summer Tippling – The Clint Stacy Keech was born with a hare lip. He talked funny with a nasal Clint Hill was the Secret Service bodyguard who shielded Jackie voice and was mercilessly teased and bullied. when Jack was killed. Post-White House, he was assigned to her and But his father had studied drama at Northwestern and became travelled the world, appearing in countless glamorous photos. Most director of the Pasadena Playhouse in California. Then they moved notably, he went with her to Ravello on the Amalfi Coast when she was to Queens, NY for him to be an RKO director. Then they went back to a guest on the Agnelli’s 82-foot sailboat with its unique wine-red sails. LA in Sherman Oaks where the dad produced a radio series for NBC The North Dakotan water-skiied with the young Caroline and was called “Tales of the Texas Rangers.” introduced to the Negroni. He wrote about this in Mrs. Kennedy and Me. Keech had the acting bug and studied drama at Berkeley. His nasal And he made a few adjustments to the Negroni to arrive at the voice became part of his roles. He is noted for “The Long Riders,” Clint: 2 shots Campari, 1 shot vodka, slice of orange, soda water, tall “Fat City,” “The Bourne Legacy,” and a TV series of tough guy Mike glass with ice. Hammer. See — David Netto, “Camelot Straight Up,” Town & Country, See — Marc Myers, “House Calls: From Bullied Kid to Screen Summer, 2019, p.56. Tough Guy,” Wall Street Journal, April 19, 1909, p.M5.

Baseball Closer Closes a Book Only Moby: From VW to Los Feliz to Open Another Singer-songwriter Moby’s father killed himself driving drunk. Sean Doolittle attended UVA before being selected in the first round His mother took him aged two to Haight-Ashbury where he sat in the of the draft by the Oakland As. Spring training in West Palm Beach back of a VW or X-rated movie theaters while she and her boyfriends found him without a suitable bookstore for his voracious reading habit. smoked pot. He began seeking out independent bookshops during each stop They returned to Darien, Conn. for on the tour and writing about them for his Twitter following of him to start school. She found more hippy 100,000. He has plugged Three Lives & Company in Manhat- friends and later moved to a biker gang. To tan’s West Village, Vroman’s in Pasadena, Tattered Cover and Moby, it was all poverty and shame. He Mutiny Information Café in Denver. spent a lot of time locked in a closet On his bucket list is Classic Lines in Pittsburg. listening to music. One day he was He mostly is into Fantasy and Sci-Fi, and can’t given an electric guitar. seem to interest his teammates to accompany him on He dropped out of the University a book search. of Connecticut, struggled with post- See — Jared Diamond, “The Closer Who is Trying LSD panic attacks, began to DJ. Success to Save Books,” The Wall Street Journal, May 24, soon followed. Albums include “Play,” “18,” 2019, p.A12. and “Hotel.” He now lives in 2,500 square feet in Los Feliz section of LA. His father called him “Moby” because the mother’s family side is related to Herman Melville. Nixing Nostalgia See — Marc Myers, “House Calls: A Restless, Creative Soul Finds Publishing giant Meredith Corp. became the nation’s largest with Safe Harbor,” Wall Street Journal, May 10, 2019, p.M1. the purchase of Time, Inc. last year but immediately after spotted problems. Time, Fortune, Money and Sports Illustrated had rich history and prestige, but their content could be found many places. Without the least nostalgia, Meredith sold them. People, Time’s cash cow, faces the stresses of modern publishing Let’s Read Depressing Books on Russia with big declines in print advertising and newsstand revenue. But it had Anne Applebaum, Red Famine (2017) (Stalin starves millions in unparalleled access to celebrities. It could grow profits. Ukraine); (2) Tim Tzouliadis, The Forsaken (2008) (American workers Ad pages are down 38% since 2014, and digital ads aren’t replacing volunteer to work in Russia. End up in gulags.); (3) Peter Pomerant- them. Meredith sees no value in magazines with news and sports. The sev, Nothing is True and Everything is Possible (2014) (post-Soviet oil online world is awash. Rather it’s going with lifestyle. Food, fashion boom of greed and crass gluttony); (4) Alexander Yakolev, A Century and home content is not time sensive. Styles of the rich and famous of Violence in Soviet Russia (2002) (exposé of mass arrests and murders are a huge draw. by Lenin and Stalin); (5) Vasily Grossman, An Armenian Sketchbook (2013) (travels through Armenia with a large discourse on Jewish and It closed Ladies’ Home Journal with its title off-putting to young Armenian genocide). females. It’s added Happy Paws with a focus on animal emotional needs. It’s added recipe-focused Hungry Girl. See — Alexandra Popoff, “Five Best,” Wall Street Journal, May 11-12, 2019, p.C8. And being in Des Moines, Iowa helps. Salaries are 50% lower than NYC. See — Jeffrey Trachtenberg, “In Lousy Market, Magazine Giant Axes Nostalgia,” The Wall Street Journal, May 24, 2019, pA1. 12 Against the Grain / September 2019 AIM8004 Annals Core Benefit Flyer.qxp 5/31/19 11:34 AM Page 1

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A IM 8004 Enhancing the Rigor of Common Library Assessment Activities by Craig E. Smith (Assessment Specialist and Senior Associate Librarian, University of Michigan Library)

he University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) Importantly, certain forms of piloting allow groups — and other potential confounds were Library recently hired me as an assess- us to engage in perspective taking. Imagine a also controlled, e.g., via random assignment — Tment specialist, which is a new role in survey or interview that includes the question: then confidence about group differences may our library system. My background is in psy- “How often do you use the library?” Using be justified, as would using the data to guide chology and institutional research, rather than a technique called cognitive interviewing future instruction approaches. librarianship. Many assessment activities were allows us to understand how people interpret In the section on perspective taking above, established in our library when I started my this question. Cognitive interview questions the focus was on understanding others’ think- job, and my experiences at the 2018 Library are things like: ing. The takeaway here is that we also need to Assessment Conference and the 2019 ACRL • Can you tell me in your own words be reflective and clear aboutour own thinking Conference further underscored for me the what you think we are trying to ask? and goals as we design assessments. fact that libraries have embraced assessment. • What does “the library” mean to Avoiding Common Problems With increasing exposure to library assessment, you? however, I have observed that embrace of with Questions assessment and rigor in assessment are some- • What does “use the library” mean to you? When crafting questions we sometimes times divorced. This is not universally the case, make presumptions that can yield inaccurate and it is also wholly understandable. In many • [If a survey] Do the response options data. As an example: “When you access our cases, those doing library assessment do not we provide for this question allow library’s books, do you prefer digital books have assessment/research backgrounds and are you to answer in the way that you (eBooks) or physical books?” This question also balancing assessment with other duties. would like to? presupposes that a person seeks books and With this in mind, my goal is to reflect on We may find that people picture different possesses a preference. Someone may pro- some basic ways that we can increase the rigor things (e.g., different buildings) when they vide an inaccurate response because doing of our assessment work. There are many areas think about the library, and have different views so is easier than doing something else. Or of library assessment. I will, by necessity, of library use (e.g., visiting the café, accessing perhaps because admitting to not using our limit the scope of this article to assessment physical collections). After interviewing a library’s books seems socially undesirable. In involving human data, and to a small number small but diverse group of people, the original an interview, for example, a better way to start of ways of increasing rigor that are not overly question will be more precise, or may become might be, “We have digital and physical books burdensome. My goal in this article is not to be a series of questions, perhaps accompanied in this library’s collection. Many people use harsh; even seasoned assessment practitioners by simple framing information. Final vetting this library’s books and many others do not. and researchers make mistakes and continue of revised questions may lead to additional Which is more like you?” If a person reports to learn. Instead, this is an observation of adjustments, or may affirm that we are ready library usage, a question about preference places where relatively easy opportunities for to launch an effort that will yield data that are that includes a no-preference option becomes improvement exist. interpretable and actionable. appropriate. The new approach could also Asking Questions with the lead the investigator to ask about other ways a Perspective Taking participant might access books, and could still We often ask people to share their li- Right Focus lead to a preference question. (Yet beware of brary-related experiences and needs. Yet There are other ways that problematic other potential assumptions! For example, in designing surveys, focus groups, tasks, and question framing can occur. Imagine we want some libraries, people logged in on a certain interviews that yield clear, usable data is gen- to know whether students who received two network may be unaware that they have seam- uinely challenging. One common pitfall is a workshops, compared to those who received lessly accessed a library’s digital collection.) cognitive bias called the curse of knowledge: one, better remember how to use Boolean Another common problem is the “dou- the assumption that others share our knowledge operators. One week later we use a follow-up ble-barreled” question that asks two different as we make statements and ask questions. For survey: “Demonstrate how you would use things. Consider a performance-related survey example, imagine this survey question, “How Boolean operators to construct an effective item about a supervisor: “My supervisor en- often do you visit the library’s website?” We search that addresses: ‘Do violent video games courages and enables collaboration with other want information about people’s interactions increase aggression in children?’” We find work groups.” It is possible that a supervisor with the library’s homepage, yet most respon- that the two-session instruction approach is could be enthusiastic about collaboration, yet dents only think about the online catalog. Or associated with better performance. Perhaps ineffective at enabling it. With such questions, imagine that we conduct intercept interviews to the two-session approach is indeed better, but some respondents may provide bad data or ask how people access and experience library there is a potential confound. The two-ses- simply skip the question. Survey, focus group, consultation. Many participants indicate that sion students heard “Boolean operator” far and interview questions should be carefully they have never used library consultation ser- more often; perhaps they were more likely to reviewed for common problems such as this. vices; some of them have, but do not recognize remember the term and were better positioned In the example above, the item should be split those experiences as forms of consultation. to demonstrate knowledge possessed equally into two questions if both “encourages” and A basic but important solution to such by both groups. “enables” are of interest. problems is to vet questions used in all meth- Do we care if students need to remember the It can also be problematic to ask the same odologies thoroughly prior to launch. We can term Boolean operator in order to demonstrate types of questions about very different things. first ask a diverse group of colleagues to review learning? If not, then our questions should For example, in creating a toolkit to measure questions and prompts with the request that focus on our precise interests. For example, the impact of spaces, events, instruction, and they look for assumptions, biases, and wording we could ask: “What is an effective way to consultation, questions about a construct such issues. A second step should involve piloting structure a search for academic literature on as confidence are not easily asked about — or with diverse volunteers from the target popu- the following question: ‘Do violent video always relevant to — each type of experience. lation. Piloting clarifies pragmatic concerns, games increase aggression in children?’” If Yet some libraries use matched sets of items such as accessibility and participation time. there was still a difference between the two continued on page 15 14 Against the Grain / September 2019 careful decisions about coding and proper this is the case, we can at least be careful with Enhancing the Rigor of Common ... checks on coding reliability. But such ques- the claims we make by not generalizing our from page 14 tions can yield data that are more meaningful results to groups who are not well represented compared to questions with poorly-conceived in our data. about such things. For example: “I feel more response options. Second, when using rating confident about my ability to conduct my scales, mitigate common response biases (e.g., Being Careful with Claims research” about research consultation, and the acquiescence bias, response set bias) by using We often make claims based on assessment companion “Using this space makes me feel both positively- and negatively-worded items data. For example, someone assessing stu- more confident about my ability to achieve my to capture a single construct when possible. dent-library interactions might make a claim goals” about a library space. The first question Third, when using scales, confirm that multiple about impact on student retention or GPA. As could yield valuable information about consul- participants understand each point on the scale another example, someone might use data to tation impact, but the latter question will yield and interpret them in a similar way (e.g., via claim that one group of patrons experiences the data that are nearly impossible to interpret; cognitive interviewing), and try to use scales library as more welcoming than another group. what about the space did or did not increase connected to the construct of interest (e.g., Sometimes, however, such claims are made confidence, and what were the goals? The ex- using agreement scales for all questions is not without the support of proper study design amples here are from ACRL’s Project Outcome always the best approach). and/or analyses. measures.1 These measures are described as See the Appendix for guides that address If you do not have people in your library “designed and tested specifically to be reliable these issues and more. with expertise in study design and data analysis measures of perceived impact.” Well beyond (qualitative and quantitative), consider form- this specific set of measures, it is important to Seeking Diverse Informants ing partnerships with people who do. This is note that measures can perform well in terms of Assessment participants help guide our easier for academic libraries, and for libraries reliability (e.g., internal consistency reliability, work and decisions, yet they do not always near colleges and universities. But there are test-retest reliability) without being valid or represent the diversity of the communities we communities of assessment practitioners online informative in critical ways. There are many serve. How well can we understand ourselves who can offer guidance (e.g., the ASSESS good online summaries of the types of reli- and the people we hope to serve if we get email list2). We can also consult with peers in ability and validity one should consider when marginal input from groups that may already other libraries when we have questions about engaging in various types of measurement. be marginalized? The challenge of achieving methods, analyses, and reporting. A final example of a common pitfall in this true representation in assessment projects is Further, I encourage people conducting realm is the uncritical use of existing questions, not unique to library assessment. But how assessment in libraries to think about some of protocols, coding schemes, and instruments. can we do better? the following common issues before making Simply because a method has been used in If you work at an academic library, consider claims based on data. the past, or has been published or presented, partnering with stewards of administrative data First, correlational data cannot easily does not mean that it is the right fit for a new in your library or on your campus. An office support claims about causality. For example, project without adaptation, or that it is of high with administrative data access may be willing imagine we find that frequency of collections quality. Both new and existing methods should to support assessment efforts by providing use is positively correlated with GPA. First, be viewed with a critical stance. It is too often representative lists of campus community even the simple statistic should be subjected the case in many disciplines that methods, be- members (representative in terms of gender to some scrutiny; how large is the association cause they are published or presented, become identity, race/ethnicity, first-gen status, area and is it statistically significant? More im- imbued with a gleam that may or may not be of study, etc.). These lists can be used when portantly, the association should be viewed as deserved. recruiting for all sorts of assessment activities. open to multiple interpretations. It could be, There are many useful guides on asking Such a partnership may necessitate training for example, that unmeasured variables (e.g., good questions and making effective use of the in managing sensitive data and in responsible motivation, self-efficacy) account for both col- answers, across a wide variety of methodolo- recruiting practices. For both campus and lections use and GPA. To make strong claims gies. A small number of examples are listed public libraries, forming mutually-beneficial about impact, our studies must be designed in the Appendix. relationships with organizations that include correctly. Although it seems obvious that diverse members of your communities is also correlational data alone cannot support claims Getting Meaningful Responses an important avenue to increasing the diversity about impact or causality, it is common to see Part of asking good questions involves of willing assessment participants. It is also presentations of data in which such claims are giving people meaningful ways to respond. useful to remember that members of campus made subtly or explicitly. Imagine that a faculty member in Biology groups that are small when intersectionality is Second, if our goal is to generalize from is asked: “What is your level of satisfaction considered (e.g., female full professors of color a sample to make claims about a population, with the support you receive from your library in STEM fields) are often disproportionately our claims should be supported by both good subject liaison?” There is a 10-point scale and asked to provide service; assessment partici- study design and inferential statistics. It is not only the poles are anchored (e.g., 1 = low; 10 pation is a form of service. It is important to uncommon to see presentations of library data = high). The faculty member is not sure what ask for help respectfully, to think about the in which simple descriptive statistics from a kind of support the question is asking about, but protection of potentially-identifiable data, and sample (e.g., means, percentages) are used she picks a 7 to report feeling mostly satisfied. to allow people to opt out of future requests. to implicitly make claims about a population Her departmental colleague also chooses a 7, Achieving genuine diversity in assessment (e.g., a campus community). As a hypothetical but uses it to express slight satisfaction. How is challenging, but the consequences of falling example, imagine that an assessment with 50 can we avoid such problems? short are problematic. For example, when there undergraduates finds that 56% of first-year There is an extensive literature on best prac- are very small numbers of certain groups in sur- students (n = 25) cite social media sources in tices regarding eliciting meaningful responses vey samples, a common strategy for ensuring course assignments, while 44% of second-year to questions; a few examples are covered anonymity is to exclude these groups — and students (n = 25) report doing so. It would here. First, if you are unsure how to structure the insights they offer — from the results alto- be a mistake to claim that this is a difference a question with response options that include a gether. Another common approach is to lump between the groups. A more reasonable next relatively full range of reasonable possibilities, all responses together, meaning that we may step would be to use a statistical analysis — consider (a) using a non-leading, open-ended miss important ways that groups might differ. in this simplified case, a chi-square test — to question, or (b) using a mixed-methods design As we commit ourselves to diversity, equity, determine whether a generalization is warrant- that allows you to develop good questions and/ inclusion, and accessibility, we must also ed. This test would reveal that the difference or response options by first interviewing and commit to engaging in assessment practices of 56% vs. 44% is not large enough, given better understanding members of the relevant that reflect these values. There are real obsta- the sample size, to confidently claim any- population. Open-ended questions may require cles that impede success in this area. When continued on page 16 Against the Grain / September 2019 15 of workshops (e.g., the benefit of exposure to critique, an alternative could be to partner with Enhancing the Rigor of Common ... new instruction and assessment strategies). people on a college/university campus who are from page 15 When thinking about using assessment willing to share their time, or to collaborate strategically, another important question is with an online assessment community. thing about the larger population of younger whether we always need formal assessment to Relatedly, if you are a reviewer for a pub- 2 3 undergraduates (χ = .72, p = .40, φ = .12 ). gain insight or inform decisions. Assessment lication or a conference and are considering Note that if the difference was very large in consumes time and resources, so a good ques- a submitted assessment project, set a high the hypothetical sample (e.g., 88% vs. 12%), tion to ask is whether your library has a strategy bar. Be very kind, but ask critical questions. the level of confidence about generalizing for how assessment is deployed. There is an If statistics should be reported, ask for them; to the population would be improved (if the emphasis on creating a “culture of assessment” this is relevant for many types of assessment, sample was representative), and this should in many libraries. It might be more useful including many forms of qualitative research. be demonstrated via the use of proper statistics to create a “culture of strategic planning” in If you are reviewing work where methods 2 (χ = 28.88, p < .001, φ = .76). Or, if the rep- which decisions about when and how to use cannot support claims, say so. If you are resentative sample contained 400 students and assessment become a standard part of larger reviewing work you don’t feel qualified to the difference was 56% vs. 44%, the level of conversations about making improvements, evaluate, admit it. Analyses of assessment 2 confidence would also be improved χ( = 5.76, starting projects, meeting the needs of users, and research data (e.g., regression models, p = .02, φ = .12). These last points also speak etc. For example, your library could create mixed-methods designs, interview coding) to proper study design. In this example, with a checklist of questions that get asked in the can be done very well or very poorly, and there quantitative data, we see that if one wants to context of new endeavors. One question could should be at least one person familiar with the investigate a potential difference or effect that be, do we need to use assessment here, or do relevant methods reviewing a piece of work. is likely to be rather modest though potentially we need an assessment plan? When might the Setting a high bar does not necessarily involve meaningful, planning for the proper sample answer be no? Perhaps if the expertise in the rejecting flawed assessment; in some cases it size is critical. Further, thinking about sample room and the library’s strategic goals give you may simply involve asking investigators to composition is critical; as noted, generalizing enough insight and direction to make a decision adjust their claims. For example, you may end to a diverse population from a homogeneous without collecting new data. Or perhaps you up recommending that claims of “success” re- sample is problematic. already have access to data that will, if used garding an intervention lacking proper controls Third, effect sizes matter. Consider the correctly, illuminate a path forward. A decision be tempered, with the results instead described hypothetical study with 400 students described to forgo assessment should be made carefully as promising and justifying additional inves- above. In that case, one could claim that the and with people in the room who are willing to tigation. These can be enlightening moments result was statistically significant. A claim ask challenging questions, but such a decision when we think of ways to conduct more solid about practical significance, however, could is not always wrong. assessment, thereby building solid guideposts be scrutinized; an effect size of .12 indicates a for our library work. very small difference. As more libraries move Seeking and Providing Critical toward using analytics with large samples, Feedback Appendix: Helpful Resources there will be many cases in which statistically In presentations of data at recent library Bradburn, N. M., Stern, M. J., Johnson, significant findings will be obtained. The conferences, I have observed that audience T. P., & Wansink, B. (2020). Asking ques- critical question in such cases is whether the members often provided positive feedback tions: The definitive guide to questionnaire findings convey practical significance. This about the studies and findings shared by their design (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley. question can be assessed, in part, by attending peers. Almost absent, however, were kind- Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). to effect sizes when reporting on quantitative ly-worded comments that probed problematic Designing and conducting mixed methods results. There are, of course, other problems study designs, analyses, and interpretations. research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. with common library analytics methods, such Yet some presentations did indeed have Fowler, F. J., Jr. (2013). Survey research as putting too much stock in correlational data shortcomings. Norms of politeness do not methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. that lack the proper controls. need to be sacrificed in order for us to push Saldaña, J. M. (2015). The coding manual Using Assessment Strategically each other — and expect each other — to do for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Thousand rigorous work. We can also fall short if we fail to consider Oaks, CA: Sage. assessment at the outset of a project or endeav- The lab meeting model exists in many re- Seidman, I. E. (2019). Interviewing as or. For example, imagine we conclude that a search disciplines. For example, psychology qualitative research: A guide for researchers workshop on website design was successful lab meetings are used to get feedback on pilot in education and the social sciences (5th ed.). because participants reported high levels of data, research ideas, study/instrument design, New York, NY: Teachers College Press. data interpretation, and presentations/manu- confidence and self-efficacy in a post-session Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative research scripts. Psychology lab meetings are eye-open- evaluation. Later, a colleague asks whether methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analy- ing experiences for newcomers. The feedback we have any way of knowing whether the sis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Hobo- is abundant and is often more aimed at identify- workshop led to changes in confidence and ken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. self-efficacy. If we had planned carefully, ing problems than giving compliments. Yet the we could have used pre- and post-session investigator leaves with important ideas about assessments, or at least crafted well-designed how to make their work stronger. post-session questions about changes in the This is a model that we can harness as we Endnotes constructs of interest. The stakes get even plan new assessments, or as we prepare to share 1. Project Outcome: Measuring the True Im- higher as we assess major projects or ini- findings and interpretations. It is concerning pact of Public Libraries. Retrieved June 10, tiatives without considering assessment as to me that audience members at library con- 2019, from https://acrl.projectoutcome.org. part of the larger planning process. Another ferences may walk away from a presentation 2. ASSESS is managed by the University of advantage of considering assessment at the thinking something is “true” and actionable Kentucky College of Education in collabora- tion with the Association for the Assessment outset of a project is that we can think across when the assessment work has not been prop- of Learning in Higher Education. the silos that often exist in our organizations. erly scrutinized and contains design, analysis, 3. The typical standard in social science For example, if the goal is to create an as- or interpretation problems. I encourage those research for statistical significance is p < sessment of a website design workshop, there doing assessment in libraries to create commu- .05. The symbol φ represents effect size for may be real benefits to working on such a nities of practice in which there is safe space for a chi-square test (effect sizes are discussed project in collaboration with people in your offering supportive critique. If you do not have briefly in this section). organization who teach or sponsor other types people in your library who can offer informed

16 Against the Grain / September 2019 Outreach Assessment: A Two-Pronged Approach by John Jackson (Head of Outreach and Communications, William H. Hannon Library, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles)

“Outreach Librarian” is one of those nebu- decide to attend today’s event? (2) What did and applies knowledge to other experiences, lous terms that seems to encompass a universe you learn from attending today’s event? And structures, subjects. Critically analyzes and of possibilities as it stretches the phrase “other (3) was there anything that surprised you and applies experience. Articulates values of duties as assigned” to its breaking point. One if so, what? knowledge or change in perceptions.”). This can easily find outreach librarians housed The first of these questions gets at whether rubric is a helpful tool for quickly identifying within almost every department known to li- the nature of the program and our promotional programming that has an impact. Of course, braries: in reference departments as instruction efforts generated an appropriate level of curi- reading the feedback forms alone and using designers, in communications departments as osity. It also tends to let us know if students one’s “gut feeling” could also extract this in- marketing directors, in administration units as are attending for extra credit, which is useful formation, but having the rubric provides some program coordinators, and in collections de- information to have. Responses to the second stability to the assessment and can be used by partments as faculty liaisons. Determining how question can be tracked to expected learning other librarians. to assess the activities of an outreach librarian outcomes if those have been developed in ad- Ideally, we would create learning outcomes is no less complex than the myriad nature of vance. The final question is the wildcard and for each Pub Night, but we do not have the the job itself. To that end, it is probably worth tends to produce the most interesting responses bandwidth to create customized assessment noting from the start that assessing outreach from attendees. These responses range from tools for every event, much less for the 40+ pro- varies from library to library based on the “I didn’t realize how complex this issue could grams we offer each year, and so these standard expectations and where the position is housed. be” to “I didn’t know feedback forms (which At the William H. Hannon Library at the library hosted so can be quickly printed Loyola Marymount University (LMU), out- many events!” When and distributed) have reach is a stand-alone department that oversees viewed collectively, sufficed for many of programming and events, marketing and pro- the responses to these our other programs as motion, and orientations and tours. It houses questions help us to well. Nonetheless, for an outreach librarian, a student engagement identify the 2-3 most some events, we create librarian, and an events manager. So much of salient aspects of the customized assessment what follows is based on the needs and nature library program which tools. Most notably: of that collaborative work environment but will can then be used for our Long Night Against still apply to other variations of outreach work, a variety of purposes, Procrastination and our including as a vehicle for library instruction or from how we promote Library Open House. faculty relations. the video recording of The Long Night We delineate outreach at LMU primarily as the event on social me- Against Procrastina- a combination of programming and communi- dia to how we connect tion at LMU happens cation activities: orientations, tours, speaker the success of the event every Spring during Fi- series, specialized workshops, events, social to our strategic plan. nals Week. The event media, print, and digital media, intercampus The beauty of our is a structured study and external partnerships, donor relations, sig- standard feedback form session for a limited nage, internal communications, photography is that we can use it number of students. and video production, and more. There is no for every Faculty Pub During the course of single assessment method that can encompass, Night event, regardless the event (which lasts much less measure, the success of all these ac- of the speaker’s topic, 4-5 hours), we provide tivities and yet they are all interconnected and which can range from students with food, contribute to the overall success of our outreach international trade law to 19th-century murder coffee, swag, and one-on-one support from activities. For the sake of simplicity, we put mysteries. What every Pub Night has in com- research librarians and writing tutors. Our all these activities into one of two buckets, mon is our goal to introduce our audience to primary goal for this event is for every student programming or communications, and attempt new ideas and perspectives. In short, we want to feel that they have made significant prog- to assess them accordingly. our attendees to be transformed. ress on their final projects and/or exam prep Two years ago, we developed a rubric for in a stress-free, fun environment. We have Assessing Programming Outreach assessing the “transformative” nature of an developed an assessment strategy accordingly. Let me begin with programming. Our event based on Faculty Pub Night series is one of the most attendees’ re- successful programs we host at LMU. Each sponses to our year, we invite faculty to give a talk about their standard feed- recent “pub”-lication in an informal, pub-like back forms. atmosphere (we set up a bar, hire a bartender, This rubric serve light snacks, and encourage attendees ranks respons- to get up and treat themselves to the fare as es as they they wish during the event). Over the past ten relate to our years, this program has brought thousands of learning out- students and faculty into the library to celebrate comes from and recognize faculty research and creative 1-No evidence works. We use many traditional metrics, (“[Attendee’s like attendance and audience composition, to response] measure the success of this program. We also shows no evidence of understanding/compre- At the top of the event, we ask every student use a standard set of feedback questions which hension. Denies any change in perception/out- to write down what they plan to accomplish. we have found to be successful indicators of a look”) to 4-Significant Evidence (“Acknowl- These projects usually include writing a final program’s relative success: (1) Why did you edges aspects of expected learning outcome continued on page 18

Against the Grain / September 2019 17 learning outcomes that are set in advance of and links in our e-newsletters. If there is a Outreach Assessment ... each library program. URL for it, we can track it. Though, it is worth from page 17 noting that we only track URL hits and not Assessing Communications Outreach personally identifiable information or other paper, creating a study guide, or developing a Compared to programming, I find assessing types of personalized metadata. presentation. At the end of the event, we email communications outreach to be much easier: For URLs that go directly to our library each of the students a Qualtrics survey which that is, the techniques and workflows are website domain from social media, digital asks, among other things, what did you accom- simpler. Part of this is due to how I define displays, or newsletters, we use SiteImprove. plish this evening? Compared to those initial success in my communications strategies: not Among other useful tools, SiteImprove allows responses, we are able to measure whether the by use of services or by attendance at events, us to see where traffic to our website originated event was high or low impact for the students but by eyeballs alone (i.e., how many people and what it does once it is there (stay on the site, who attended. The survey also asks students saw our messaging) and whether that number bounce off, etc). Traffic from social media or to rate their satisfaction with different aspects is growing steadily over time. In this sense, other sources can be compared to overall site of the event, like food, space, research support, I take a decidedly limited approach to how I traffic to create yet another indicator (social etc. in order to determine if the event did indeed assess our communications efforts. media traffic vs. overall traffic) to measure provide a “stress-free, fun environment.” To make it more complicated, some of social media engagement month to month. Our 2018 Library Open House had more the outreach we do only manifests on/in our Showing how much traffic drives users to our specific goals. This food and swag extrav- communications channels (e.g., social media) website allows me to make a case for the con- aganza targeted first-year students and had and there is no programming, service, or col- tinued investment in social media resources. two expected outcomes: (1) reduce library lections-based correlate. For example, one of Interestingly, we also use RSVPs to track anxiety and (2) provide students with detailed our most successful Twitter projects was en- the success of our communication and out- information about library services, spaces, and couraging other units on campus to post about reach efforts. Yes, the number of RSVPs is collections. Every attendee was asked to pro- the ways their student workers enabled them probably a more accurate indicator of the vide an email address in order to enter the open to meet their institutional goals. This short- general interest in a program, but we have had house space. We then emailed those attendees lived pile-on thread did not generate additional extremely popular events with a small number and asked them to rate, “To what extent do you followers or drive people to our website, but it of RSVPs. And since many of our events tend feel comfortable asking for help at the library?” did have a record-breaking (for us) number of to be similar in nature (e.g., a lecture by a Additionally, we asked students, “What was the impressions: more than six times our average historian; a workshop for Wikipedia), we can most helpful thing you learned?” The results organic impressions at the time. A lot of people also use RSVPs as an indicator of how well we of those two questions indicated if we met our on campus saw that post. What they did with are “getting the word out there.” Low RSVPs expected outcomes (79% said they felt “very it or how it changed their perception or use of for an event that usually brings in a packed comfortable” asking for help!) and can be the library, we will probably never know, short audience is a quick-and-dirty measure for the used from year to year to measure the relative of conducting longitudinal studies of library relative success of our communication strat- success of each subsequent open house. perceptions. Like many of our social media egy. Looking at the past two years of RSVP Other custom assessment measures that projects, it came about suddenly, organically, data, we can reasonably expect the number of we’ve developed for library programs include: and unexpectedly: something which is difficult actual attendees to range between 30% below creating an online dashboard to track edits to replicate in a formal study. or 20% above the number of RSVPs. Anything and citations for Wikipedia editing events; There are, however, some things we can outside that range can usually be ascribed to interrogating changes in attitudes/perceptions know. For example, we use Hootsuite to a communications anomaly (e.g., we forgot to about cultural stigmas among attendees at our track our success on Twitter, Facebook, and post it to the university calendar, or the event annual Human Library; using juries and peer Instagram. Like many social media managers, got picked up by the local press). review to qualitatively assess student art work Hootsuite allows us to create short URLs (ow. connected to our Common Book program; ly) whose usage can be tracked over time. Final Thoughts doing content analysis of student write-ups Examining our social media content month- The mother lode of outreach assessment of events as a qualitative measure of to-month, we can create an indicator will be found when someone develops a way whether the event met its intended of “URL engagement” by tracking to combine multiple data points into a single purpose; and surveying library the number of URLs posted vs. the indicator of success, similar to the Happiness partners and guest speakers about number of click-throughs vs. the Index or a Klout score. Perhaps the culture of their experience working with number of impressions. The learning analytics that seems to be growing the library programming same method can be applied on college campuses will provide solutions, team. The unifying fac- to customized URLs that though as many have noted, this raises certain tor in all of these custom we post the digital screens ethical quandaries for librarians. Until then, assessment measures is in our lobby that highlight we are left to assess each outreach project ac- that they are developed to electronic resources (e.g., cording to its own merits, nature, and expected identify specific expected bit.ly/name_of_resources) outcomes. Onward and upward!

arm with increasing lighter weights and fewer generation that simply doesn’t “get” what all Little Red Herrings repetitions, it is likely that muscle will not the books are about. from page 10 improve. My honors students often found that Jigsaw Reading isn’t the cherchez la femme 25 pages assigned on Monday for Wednesday of poor reading skills, but it does strike me Obviously, teaching reading in the early grades was simply far too much to ask. I may as well as one more nail in the coffin of libraries. is also to blame. Some elementary teachers have asked for 250. Reading used to be fundamental. If it ceases apply too many experimental reading tech- But why should we in librarianship care? to be so, we may find libraries as anything but niques rather than known successful methods, Libraries are just about reading, right? Yes and extraneous. thereby doing more harm than good. But as no. Libraries are about a lot of things these students get older, teaching them to read less days, but they are foremost about reading. If and less does not strike me as something that we lose more and more of our clientele to poor will improve the skill. If you exercise your left reading skills, we are surely to find a rising

18 Against the Grain / September 2019

Asking the Right Questions: Bridging Gaps Between Information Literacy Assessment Approaches by Alison J. Head (Executive Director, Project Information Literacy) and Alaina C. Bull (First Year Experience Librarian, University of Washington Tacoma) and Margy MacMillan (Senior Researcher, Project Information Literacy)

Abstract Table 1: Typology of Information Literacy Assessment Approaches A large volume of research on information literacy as- sessment has measured students’ skills and competencies against librarians’ expectations. Far fewer studies have reported on the holistic experiences of students with finding, using, and creating information to fulfill their academic and personal needs. Consequently, the picture emerging from the assessment literature often portrays students as unskilled, uncreative, and uninterested when fulfilling course research assignments. Drawing on our combined experience at com- munity colleges and universities in the U.S. and Canada and Project Information Literacy (PIL), this article introduces a typology for classifying and critiquing four levels of in- formation literacy assessment — micro, meso, macro, and mega, and presents a series of reflective questions to spark useful connections among these approaches, while maximiz- ing librarians’ teaching, learning, and assessment outcomes. Introduction How students find, use, and create information has intrigued librarians for decades. As the Internet and social media have rapidly and dramatically redefined what it means to be part of an informed society, academic librarians have turned even more of their attention to teaching, learning, and information literacy assessments. In the past ten years, the sheer number of assessment articles, books, and conference presentations has increased exponentially, signaling the importance of this inquiry.1 The quality and potential usefulness of the assessment literature, however, remains a topic of discussion and de- bate among librarians.2 According to some critics, much of the literature is anecdotal and relies on methods that lack replicability from one class or library setting to the next. Others have noted a preponderance of research based on deficit-based tests that measure students’ atomized skills against librarians’ expectations for information literacy competencies. Critics claim there needs instead to be strengths-based assessment focused on how students solve their information problems. In this article, we draw upon our combined assessment experience at U.S. and Canadian community colleges and universities Each assessment approach in our typology has its own goals, meth- and in conducting multi-institutional studies at Project Information ods, motivations, and desired outcomes. For instance, micro-level Literacy (PIL), a national research institute on students’ research classroom assessments provide insights into more specific measures of practices, to introduce a typology for classifying four approaches to student learning in classroom situations. In many cases, libraries use information literacy assessment. Reflective questions are featured for these assessment methods to document the impact of our instructional strengthening the ties among these approaches, so that librarian practices, efforts. Much of this assessment is done quickly and to check the instruction methods, and student learning may ultimately advance and validity of instructional approaches. In class, librarians frequently use improve teaching and learning outcomes. assessment tools like “think-pair-share” surveys embedded in learn- ing management systems, “Poll Anywhere” surveys, and one-minute Levels of Assessment papers to identify keywords that all check for quick understanding of Information literacy assessment methods are as varied as the librar- surface-level concepts. ians who have developed and shared their creative tools for measuring Meso-level assessment methods gather data to measure how effective student success. To summarize the individuality of these accounts and librarians have been at reaching all students with information literacy in- categorize the breadth and depth of the assessment fields, we have de- struction. Data can include percentages of classes taught in a department, veloped a typology that draws on a broad swath of assessment literature. total number of students reached plotted against overall trends in retention We define four levels of assessment: (1) micro: in a single course; (2) or GPA, types of items taught in different types and levels of courses meso: at a program or institutional level; (3) macro: assessment of skill as well as student performance of particular outcomes. This approach sets across multiple institutions; and (4) mega: contextualized against often incorporates data on the achievement of particular institutional larger trends within society.3 Table 1 summarizes each assessment outcomes. Meso methods often look at information literacy instruction category in our typology and the related details. (See Table 1 above.) continued on page 21 20 Against the Grain / September 2019 resources or their confidence in using library resources. The data gath- Asking the Right Questions: Bridging Gaps Between ... ered from students is often coded on whether or not, or to what extent, from page 20 students demonstrate a positive emotional response to interventions. Even when we think we are assessing learning gains in information from the specific perspective of proving the need to retain information literacy, our questions often fall short of our goals to impact teaching literacy instruction. In some cases, this kind of data is compiled across and learning. Instead, many times we are really only assessing the institutions as a macro-level assessment to reveal comparisons between ability to memorize library jargon. In other cases, we are evaluating the academic libraries. These macro efforts often use standardized question identification of information containers that have limited application in banks and are often implemented by consortia of libraries. the dynamic information environment where students fulfill classroom With the constant threat to library funding, it is understandable why and personal research needs. librarians assess from a strategic, and some might even say defensive, At the same time, our assessments tend to privilege certain infor- mindset. Libraries are under relentless public scrutiny. They are subject mation behaviors (e.g., ones that mimic our own professional ideals as to reduced funding, whether it is on a campus, in a county, or nationwide. librarians for seeking information to be used for academic assignments or In academia, we are always expected to do more with less. In a society learning). While these assessments may provide useful data to the librar- focused on data-driven decision making, as librarians, we are constantly ian or about the library program, it is arguable whether that information trying to justify why and how our work has impact. Embracing assess- is actually about the kind of deep learning we claim we want to support. ment has allowed us to come to the negotiations prepared to discuss our If the questions we ask are not about learning, it is hardly surprising we impact, and back our statements up with data. struggle to implement results that improve the experience of students. One departure from factors like these that drive library-centered Like many undergraduate researchers, we librarians, too, may be assessments are the ongoing mega studies we have conducted with PIL. rushing to prove a position before we understand enough about the Unlike macro studies among pre-existing groups of institutions, PIL context (similar to all of the first-year papers on why marijuana must/ works to ensure a wide representation of institutional types and locations. must not be legalized). Before we can really tell “what works” for To date, there have been ten large-scale analytical research studies about learning, we need to understand precisely what students actually do. student research in the digital age. We collect data about how students SoTL would suggest asking more “what is” questions — ones that solve information problems for coursework and in their daily lives. We explore what is actually happening when students are doing something, look for robust relationships between students’ research practices from regardless of whether it matches an instructor’s expectations, fits into across schools that suggest generalizable trends (e.g., the growing use wider frameworks, or serves particular institutional goals. We cannot 15 of Wikipedia for course research). In this sense, we examine what measure the difference instruction makes until we truly understand what students actually do, rather than what we think they should do. is happening as students are learning. At PIL, we have used interviews, surveys, and, most recently, in For instance, an assessment librarian might ask questions such as our news study,16 direct observation and a computational analysis of these: “What are the first steps students in a freshman composition class social media as methods for assessing information practices through take when searching for sources for an argumentative essay?” “Is there the lens of the student experience. These methods allow for a deeper a difference in how students in 300-level history courses assess sources understanding of human experiences, attitudes, and opinions about the in a class where issues of equity and diversity are explicitly addressed in research process, from the students’ perspective. Since 2009, more the readings?” “What aspects of the research process do students find than 22,000 young adults enrolled in 89 U.S. public and private colleges most satisfying and most frustrating, and are there differences related to and universities, community colleges, and 34 high schools have been year of study or whether the course is in the student’s main discipline?” interviewed or surveyed. PIL’s research goal is to fill in missing pieces In these cases, data come from material generated while students of the information literacy puzzle by finding out how early adults (in experience learning, such as reflective journals, lab work, and successive their own words and based on their own experiences) put their infor- drafts of papers, or may use protocols like think-alouds. PIL studies mation literacy competencies into practice in learning environments in often incorporate this kind of data through focus groups and interviews a digital age, regardless of how they may measure up to standards for that ask students to narrate their own experiences with information. The being information-literate. insights gained can illuminate why an intervention might have “worked” Minding the Gaps and therefore how to implement changes to create the conditions that foster learning. While they are broken down here by type of assessment, Even though there are different rationales for each of these four levels the questions in Table 2 can also spark useful connections between the of assessment, a symbiotic relationship does exist among the approaches approaches, and may be used outside the levels we associate them with in our typology. We definitely see where each level can borrow from the here. Table 2 presents a framework of what some of these questions others to enrich the entire assessment process. Still, assessment data may may be for each level of assessment in our typology. (See Table 2 p.22.) end up being incomplete. Even when the data seem very straightforward in terms of an assessment of students’ skills, the results may not always To Prove and Improve point clearly to the next step. While assessment data points are effective Information literacy instruction has dramatically changed as libraries as bargaining tools, they are less helpful in leading to a more thorough have situated themselves as centers of pedagogy. Still, many of our understanding of information literacy and promoting change. A deeper assessment methods remain fossilized. Far too often, librarians reuse understanding of this interplay and knowing the “right questions” to ask for tested assessment methods that focus on proving worth rather than reconciling these approaches, we argue, has the great possibility of maxi- measuring actual learning. The typology we present in this article is mizing information literacy teaching, learning, and assessment outcomes. intended to help us recognize where we can usefully borrow questions In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in moving from different levels and types of assessments. For instance, we may beyond the status quo assessment models. For instance, Magnus, want to look for tested macro questions that might identify learning Belanger, and Faber have discussed the importance of incorporating gains, or micro assessments that can scale up to provide deeper insights. feminist and critical pedagogy into assessment efforts in their 2018 What can we learn from the voices of students heard in more qualitative article “Towards a Critical Assessment Practice.”17 Similarly, we need work that can help us ask better questions? What changes when we move to critically examine the questions we ask students when developing the focus of assessment from proving something works to understanding assessments for implementing change. and improving the student experience? The kinds of questions librarians frequently ask reveal the (often) In recent years, as Donna Lanclos and Andrew Asher have noted, narrow kinds of information literacy we value: the use of library terms there has been a promising expansion of work that explores IL from the and systems. Often, such questions are shaped more by external needs student perspective.19 These studies show the benefits of asking different for particular kinds of data, or external pressures to prove the worth of a questions about IL and assessment and using student experience as a program than by our genuine desire to improve learning. Unsurprisingly, lever for change. This approach has the benefit of destabilizing com- these questions fall into what the scholarship of teaching and learning fortable assumptions while deepening our understanding of learning, a (SoTL) would call the “what works” category.18 Examples might be necessary condition for real change. whether a particular type of teaching increases students’ use of library continued on page 22 Against the Grain / September 2019 21 Asking the Right Questions: Bridging Gaps Between ... Endnotes from page 21 1. When we conducted a search of “all databases” in the University of Washington library portal using the terms Table 2: Asking Questions About Assessment “information literacy assessment,” we found more than 500 books and articles published between 2008 and 2018. Search conducted: January 3, 2019. 2. Andrew Walsh, “Information Literacy Assessment: Where Do I Start?,” Journal of Librarianship and In- formation Science Vol. 41, No. 1 (March 2009): 19-28, http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/2882/1/Information_lit- eracy_assessment_where_do_we_start.pdf; Zoe Fisher, “Information Literacy Assessment (Day 88/100)” (blog), (June 8, 2017), https://quickaskzoe.com/2017/06/08/ information-literacy-assessment-day-88100/. 3. Brad Wuetherick and Stan Yu, “The Canadian Teaching Commons: The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Higher Education,” New Directions for Teaching and Learning (2016), No. 146: 23-30, https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/tl.20183. 4. “Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education,” American Library Association, (February 9, 2015), http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework. 5. Megan Oakleaf. Academic Library Value: The Impact Starter Kit. Syracuse, NY: Dellas Graphics, (2017), https://www.alastore.ala.org/content/academ- ic-library-value-impact-starter-kit. 6. Terrel Rhodes. Assessing Outcomes and Improv- ing Achievement: Tips and Tools for Using Rubrics. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges & Universities. (2010), https://www.aacu.org/value-rubrics. 7. “The Tests,” Project SAILS, (2016), https://www. projectsails.org. 8. “NSSE,” National Survey of Student Engagement, (2019), http://nsse.indiana.edu. 9. “WASSAIL,” University of Alberta Libraries, (2019), https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/augustana/ information-literacy/wassail. 10. “The ERIAL Project,” The ERIAL Project, (2013), http://www.erialproject.org. 11. “What is PIL?” Project Information Literacy, (2019), https://www.projectinfolit.org. 12. “Our Work,” Ithaka S+R, (2019), https://sr.ithaka. org/our-work/. 13. “Pew Research Center,” Pew Research Center, We are not saying that library assessment is broken. Instead, we contend that (2019), https://www.pewresearch.org. information literacy assessment would benefit from both proving and improving 14. “GALLUP,” GALLUP, (2019), https://www.gallup. teaching and learning outcomes. In order to accomplish this, we need to change com. our questions. A simple example in the context of instruction is to ask two quick 15. Alison J. Head and Michael B. Eisenberg, “How questions at the end of the session: “What is one thing that a student has learned? Today’s College Students Use Wikipedia for Course-Re- What is something that a student is unclear on, or what question does a student lated Research,” First Monday, Vol. 15, No. 3, (March have?” This kind of assessment shows where students get stuck, providing useful 1, 2010), http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/ view/2830. feedback on something the librarian can actually rework and improve. It might even prompt a “what is” question, such as “what is happening in students’ lived 16. Alison J. Head, John Wihbey, P. Takis Metaxas, Margy MacMillan, and Dan Cohen, “How Students experiences that might be contributing to their confusion?” This is the kind of Engage with News: Five Takeaways for Educators, Jour- question that can inform that librarian’s response. nalists, and Librarians,” Project Information Literacy Ultimately, we must bring the same intentionality to assessment as we do Research Institute, (October 16, 2018), https://www.pro- to teaching and learning. We need to incorporate the same kinds of reflective jectinfolit.org/uploads/2/7/5/4/27541717/newsreport.pdf. practices as we do in our instruction. And by doing so, we can ask questions for 17. Ebony Magnus, Jackie Belanger, and Maggie proving worth that also improves instruction, an all-important goal for advancing Faber, “Towards a Critical Assessment Practice,” In the librarian profession. the Library with a Lead Pipe, (Oct. 31, 2018), http:// inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2018/towards-criti- About the Authors cal-assessment-practice/. Alison J. Head, Ph.D. is the Founder and Director of Project Information 18. Pat Hutchings, “Approaching the Scholarship of Literacy (PIL) and a Visiting Scholar at Harvard Graduate School of Education. Teaching and Learning,” in Opening Lines: Approaches to the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, edited by Alaina C. Bull is a Research Analyst at PIL and the First-Year Experience Librarian Pat Hutchings (Menlo Park, Calif.: Carnegie Foundation at The University of Washington Tacoma. Margy MacMillan is Senior Research- for the Advancement of Teaching, 2000), https://files.eric. er at PIL, an I-SoTL Outreach Associate, and Professor Emerita at Mount Royal ed.gov/fulltext/ED449157.pdf. University, where she spent 27 years working on information literacy initiatives. 19. Donna Lanclos and Andrew D. Asher, “‘Ethnogra- phish’: The State of the Ethnography in Libraries,” Weave: Acknowledgements Journal of Library User Experience Vol. 1, No. 5, (2016), We are grateful to Barbara Fister, PIL’s Scholar-in-Residence, for making http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/weave.12535642.0001.503. recommendations for this paper and her keen insights, and to Steven Braun for designing the tables.

22 Against the Grain / September 2019

Assessing Print Acquisitions at UMN Libraries by Julie Rashid (Manager, Acquisitions and Rapid Cataloging, University of Minnesota Libraries)

he library acquisitions landscape has substantial budget fluctuations, library-wide shelf-ready processing and ven- been evolving over the past few decades. initiatives, etc. They are essentially top-down dor-supplied cataloging records TAn upsurge of and demand for electronic mandates. Internally-driven assessment ini- • consolidating English language ac- resources, advances in vendor technology and tiatives refer to those which the acquisitions quisitions (U.S. and UK) with one service offerings, constraints in library physical department itself undertakes to gauge depart- vendor (YBP) spaces, and dwindling staff and collections ment productivity, efficiencies and value to the • determining which monographic se- budgets have forced acquisitions departments organization, i.e., collection of acquisitions-re- ries would be treated on the approval to take a closer look at how they operate. lated statistics, vendor services exploration and plans and blocking series that would Libraries recognize that assessment of current assessment, personnel performance, etc. A not to avoid duplication procedures and services, as well as vendor look at both categories allows for an in-depth offerings, is needed to guide acquisitions staff understanding of where we have been, where • training selectors on the GOBI plat- during these times of rapid technological ad- we are and, hopefully, will help guide us to form to streamline firm ordering vances and shifting library priorities. where we want to be in the future. At the outset of the S2A project, the goal was to move 65 percent of new orders through In her article on technical services assess- Externally-driven Assessment ment, Mugridge defines assessment “as the the streamlined process. As of fiscal year 2007, process of evaluating a procedure, service, Initiatives 60 percent of all new items were received product, or person to determine its value or University of Minnesota Libraries is shelf-ready and 46 percent of all monographic effectiveness.”1 Mugridge lists various meth- an award-winning institution which prides materials were received on approval plans. ods of technical services assessment including itself on innovation and problem-solving.3 Those percentages remain roughly the same collecting statistics and usage data, soliciting As a leader in the field, the organization is today. The project also identifiedCasalini and input from nontechnical services librarians and constantly looking at ways to improve and Harrassowitz as potential vendors for future staff, collecting stories or feedback from cus- enhance library services, both internally and streamlining projects. tomers, conducting customer service surveys, for its users. In spring 2005 the Libraries In Spring 2007, immediately following benchmarking with other institutions, having Administration approved funding to hire a the implementation of S2A, the same consul- an anonymous suggestion box, and conducting consultant to find ways to increase efficiencies tant was hired “to analyze current operations focus groups. Mugridge observes in the analy- in selection, acquisition, cataloging, process- dealing with serials [and] e-resources.”5 This sis of library literature on assessment activities ing, and providing resources more rapidly to project was dubbed Selection to Access: the in technical service units that the most common users. The project, called Selection to Access Sequel (S2A2). The assessment process for forms of assessment activities are “workflow (S2A), began in October 2005 and “sought to S2A2 was similar to that as described above analysis; statistics collection; assessment of bring as many new monographs as possible for S2A. The consultant recommendations training, documentation and websites.” In a through a streamlined process — one that were completed in April 2007 and aimed at followup article Mugridge and Poehlmann would not require local cataloging or local improving unit efficiency and eliminating comment that outcomes based on assessment physical processing” and to expand the use processing exceptions made for materials activities are often “used to identify ways to of approval plans to “free time for selectors going to individual departmental libraries. An streamline or improve processes, make better to identify and select less mainstream titles, implementation subcommittee was formed to decisions, lower costs, reallocate staff or other and to consolidate English-language ordering assess the proposed changes in relation to unit resources, identify activities and services that with a single vendor.”4 Prior to the arrival service goals. Implementation began in June can be eliminated, inform strategic planning of the consultant, five working groups were 2007 and was largely completed by October activities and communicate with customers or established to provide documentation for the 2008. Some outcomes pertaining to print administration.”2 consultant to review, including organizational resources included: Over the years the University of Minne- charts, procedures, workload statistics, job • simplifying print serials workflows sota Libraries has explored a variety of quan- descriptions, detailed flow charts, high-level and reducing processing exceptions titative and qualitative measures to assess its operating budgets, vendor statistics, etc. The for different campus libraries procedures and services. Knowledge of these consultant then came to the university for • identifying strategies to reduce staff past initiatives is extremely valuable to new three days of on-site interviews, met with turnover in serials acquisitions managers in understanding the various paths over 100 people in small groups, analyzed the data collected and provided, and made • establishing system-wide collections that the library has taken over time; what has management policies worked (and what has not); and where the recommendations that focused on enhancing unit efficiency and productivity. A committee In the years following the implementation library has invested dollars (plus blood, sweat, of recommendations made under S2A and and tears). This wealth of valuable information was formed to assess the recommendations made by the consultant and to set up an im- S2A2, assessment and improvement work stashed away in the library’s working archives continued in the Libraries. In 2011 the Li- is an invaluable source of institutional knowl- plementation schedule, a process that took about a year. The committee looked at the braries hired a consultant to engage Library edge that can guide and inform managerial staff in broad strategic themes and to help decisions moving forward. impact of the proposed changes, in terms of economic feasibility, staffing, and desired shape the future of the University Libraries. This article attempts to pull out the high- service outcomes. Among the changes imple- After collecting data and meeting with library lights of recent acquisitions assessment initia- mented, some of the most significant included: leaders and staff, the consultant presented tives (2005-2014), outline current assessment recommendations proposing a new organi- activities (2015-present) and reflect on what the • dividing the existing approval plan into 18 highly-focused plans zational framework for UMN Libraries in future may hold for print acquisitions. For the support of strategic directions. The Libraries purposes of this article, I would like to break • reducing liaison selection activities convened several different groups to look at down UMN Library acquisitions-related • loading of electronic order confirma- the restructuring recommendations; one of assessment initiatives into two categories: tion records (EOCRs) and Electronic those groups was the Technical Services/En- externally-driven and internally-driven. Ex- Data Interchange (EDI) invoices terprise Technology (TS/ET) Design Group, ternally-driven assessment initiatives refer to • expediting the arrival of books to which was charged with transitioning “existing those which materialize from external causes, the user through the elimination Technical Services and Enterprise Technology i.e., turnover in key leadership positions, of review shelves and adoption of continued on page 25 24 Against the Grain / September 2019 Table 1 Assessing Print Acquisitions ... from page 24 departments into critical roles in support of the Libraries’ work and strategic themes.”6 (Note: Technical Services was comprised of acquisitions and cataloging staff and Enterprise *Reflects timeliness standard for items cataloged in which there were Library of Congress & Technology was IT staff.) The TS/ET Design Member bibliographic records available. The standard for original cataloging was one month. Group surveyed current tasks done by staff in Enterprise Technology and Technical Services, sound recordings, ASC (Archives and Special cataloging), print serials cancellations, and polled staff via a Google survey and solicited Collections) gifts, and Smart Learning Com- issues claimed, plus cost of shelf-ready pro- feedback at town hall meetings. As a result of mons videos.”7 The study used flyers to track cessing and vendor records, total expenditures Libraries restructuring, IT was renamed Data items from receipt in the shipping department, (often broken down on a granular level by & Technology (D&T) and Content & Collec- through acquisitions, cataloging, processing fund code, vendor, material type, selector, tions (C&C) was established as a new division. and their arrival on the destination library fiscal year, etc.), vendor performance reports, Acquisitions became part of the C&C division, shelves. The study compared the average and many more. along with Collection Development, Collection processing times for shelf-ready and non-shelf- Management & Preservation, and eventually Soliciting input from colleagues whose ready materials with department timeliness work is affected by acquisitions unit work- Interlibrary Loan and Publishing Services. 8 standards and found that they fell well within flows, procedures and policies is a vital part Cataloging was renamed to Data Management the established parameters (see table 1). and Access (DMA) and became part of D&T, of departmental assessment. This takes The ARC Serials Time Study took place many forms at the Libraries. Members of along with Web Development, Digital Library 9 from October 2015 to October 2017. The goal the Acquisitions & E-Resources Management Services and Computer & Networking Support. of this study was to obtain benchmark measures This basic structure exists today. department participate in cross-functional, to improve efficiencies, to compare student cross-divisional groups where policies and These three externally-driven assessment receiving costs with a prominent vendor’s decisions regarding print acquisitions, trends, initiatives: S2A, S2A2 and the TS/ET Design subscription services, to determine budgets, etc. are made and provide input Group were strategically launched by the if an open Library Assistant 2 on collection development and manage- Libraries and had far-reaching impacts on position should be filled, to gain ment guidelines, as well as policies and departments and units throughout the libraries. a clearer picture of the duties procedures regarding selection, acquisi- Not all initiatives are quite as grand in scale. being performed by full-time staff tions, preservation, withdrawal, Internally-driven Assessment and to assess time availability for reformatting, etc. Being active- cross-training purposes. Print ly involved in various library Initiatives serials staff and students were committees allows acquisitions Running parallel to the large external asked to track their activities by leaders to be aware of upcoming initiatives are smaller, need-based internal category on a spreadsheet for purchases and purchasing trends, better assessments. These are done to evaluate a one-month intervals in October understand the changing priorities of unit’s performance, efficiencies and impact on 2015, April 2016 and October library users, learn about initiatives in overall library services and, as mentioned in 2016. Two interesting findings other departments, and get feedback on the introductory statements, can include such came out of this study: acquisitions policies, procedures, and things as statistics, informal observations, goals Overall staff time spent on services to ensure open communica- tracking, vendor assessments, customer service receiving dropped from 61.8% in tion. It also gives acquisitions staff the quality, adherence to established timeliness October 2015 to 41.5% in October opportunity to communicate procedural standards , etc. It should be noted that internal- 2016, while project-related work changes, remind selectors of fiscal year ly-driven assessment initiatives typically feed increased from 17.3% in October deadlines and have a forum to bring up into the larger externally-driven assessment 2015 to 30.1% in October 2016. The decrease new ideas for input. initiatives, providing rich sources of data and in receiving was attributed to the large print a picture of ‘on the ground’ activities. They Additional input is sought by participating serials cancellation project that occurred in in other departmental or divisional meetings. are generally collected at the departmental August 2015. level with the purpose of monitoring unit ef- Both the print and electronic acquisitions units Of the 3,000 print serial subscriptions open fectiveness and, unlike the externally-driven have requested time in non-acquisitions depart- with the selected vendor, 93.9% of those titles assessment initiatives, do not normally have mental meetings to talk about what we do, how were cheaper to process with existing staff and additional funding sources. our services intersect with other departments students. The remainder of the titles were jour- and to inquire about pain points. These con- Over the years the acquisitions department nals with higher frequencies, i.e., daily, weekly, versations have been very fruitful and have led has undertaken various forms of assessment to etc. Potential cost savings were weighed to acquisition unit projects such as: track its effectiveness. Some forms of assess- against the receiving delay that would occur • implementing ServiceNow, a ticket- ment are one-time or project-based and some through having the vendor process these ma- are recurring. ing system for queries, and improv- terials and it was determined that the frequent ing our customer service model with One-time or Project-based publications were more valued for their timely regard to how the unit responds to delivery than for any economies that might be and follows up with queries from Assessments realized by outsourcing their processing. Two examples of internally-driven proj- liaisons, binding staff and vendors ect-based assessments undertaken at UMN Recurring Assessments • fine-tuning claiming strategies by Libraries were the Technical Services/ Aside from one-time and project-based creating a student claiming spread- Information Access & Delivery Services assessments, the collecting of departmental sheet in which students identify Benchmarking Throughput Study (2006-2010) statistics has always been used to evaluate missing issues as they are checking and the Acquisitions & Rapid Cataloging unit departmental efficiency and productivity and in new issues and claim them with (ARC) Serials Time Study (2015-2016). The to make decisions. Common collection data the subscriptions vendor on the spot Benchmarking Throughput Study was repeated points are number of orders created, approval • pursuing the Purchase Order Claim- several times from December 2006 to Novem- orders, shelf-ready orders, gifts, periodicals ing Task List project in Alma to ber 2010 and “measured throughput times for received (by students and full-time staff), identify and perform acquisitions newly acquired monographs, music scores, orders by vendor, books fast cataloged (rapid continued on page 26 Against the Grain / September 2019 25 Assessing Print Acquisitions ... Endnotes from page 25 1. Rebecca L. Mugridge, “Technical Services Assessment: A Survey of Pennsylvania Academic Libraries” Library Resources and Technical Services, 58, no.2 (2014): 100-110. Accessed December maintenance on ceased and defunct 2, 2018 at http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=- serial titles 8f05afaa-d777-4ac1-9615-ab494bca7e7b%40pdc-v-sessmgr03. • participating in cross-training proj- 2. Rebecca L. Mugridge and Nancy M. Poehlmann, “Internal Customer Service Assessment of Cataloging, Acquisitions, and Library System” OCLC Systems & Services: International digital ects in interlibrary loan, copyright library perspectives, 31, no.4 (2015:Nov. 9):219-248. Accessed December 10, 18 at www.emeral- permissions, and (in the near future) dinsight.com/1065-075X.htm. e-resources management 3. Kaylyn Groves, “University of Minnesota Libraries Wins 2017 National Medal for Museum As a relatively new manager at UMN and Library Service” Association of Research Libraries News, (May 15, 2017). Accessed January Libraries (I joined in July 2015), learning 10, 2019 at https://www.arl.org/news/community-updates/4285-university-of-minnesota-librar- about the assessment efforts that have taken ies-wins-2017-national-medal-for-museum-and-library-service#.XHc3DIhKiUk. place over the years has been crucial in my 4. UMN Libraries, Selection to Access (S2A) Implementation Report (October 27, 2006). Internal growth and understanding of how current UMN Libraries document. procedures and organizational structures have 5. UMN Libraries, S2A2 Serials and E-Resources Implementation Final Report (December 4, been formed and how they affect everyday 2008). Internal UMN Libraries document. activities in the acquisitions department. As- 6. UMN Libraries, Organization Design Group: Repositioning Technical Services and Enterprise Technology - Final Report (April 4, 2012). Internal UMN Libraries document. sessing the outcomes of changes implemented over time provides current managers with rich 7. UMN Libraries, Technical Services/’IADS Benchmarking Throughput Study (2010). Internal UMN Libraries document. institutional knowledge and arms them with 8. UMN Libraries, ARM Timeliness Standards for Basic Functions (April 22, 2011). Internal assessment techniques and tools that can be UMN Libraries document. used to further improve processes and services 9. UMN Libraries, ARC Time Study (February 2017). Internal UMN Libraries document. offered.

was coming. Caldera Publishing Solutions and for building initiatives based on those Rumors was launched in 2016 with the mission of convenings. For the last five years, Griffey from page 6 providing scholarly and scientific publishers has run Evenly Distributed, a consulting firm — as well as other information purveyors — that works with libraries — both nationally and of many in his understanding of the enormous with future-focused consulting services. We internationally — on education and strategic opportunities, challenges, and risks attendant emphasize editorial development, product planning related to cutting-edge technologies. on the digital transformation of the cultural development, market assessment, customer He is widely recognized as an expert in the record, its preservation, and its dissemination. insights, and strategic synthesis. We have some areas of artificial intelligence, blockchain, The humanities field is forever in his debt.” unique approaches that help develop strategies privacy, and other library-related technology With the rise and promise of the digital age, that recognize complexity and size-up viability issues. Griffey has written and presented ex- the Mellon Foundation established a standing from the start.” tensively on technology and libraries, including program in support of the burgeoning field https://www.caldera-publishing.com multiple books and a series of full-periodical of scholarly communications in 1999. With issues on technology topics, most recently AI Waters at the helm, the Scholarly Communi- PS — I will put in a plug for The Geyser & Machine Learning in Libraries and Library cations program supported research libraries, which is always an enlightening read! Spaces and Smart Buildings: Technology, cultural and academic archives, museums, uni- [email protected] Metrics, and Iterative Design both published versities, presses, and arts organizations as they Plus Kent is offering a discounted sub- in 2018. Griffey spent three years as a Fellow embraced the potential of digital technologies and Affiliate at the Berkman Klein Center for in furthering the collective understanding of scription to ATG subscribers and Charleston Conference attendees! Watch for it! Internet and Society at Harvard University societies and cultures around the world. Schol- before spending one year working with the arly Communications grants have given rise to Moving right along — Kent and Rick metaLAB at Harvard. He has served both scores of nonprofit enterprises, includingItha - Anderson have another entry in the world of as Director-at-Large and as Parliamentarian ka, Artstor, Portico, LOCKSS, Hypothes.is, newsletter publishing — Mad About Music. on the Board of the Library Information and the Digital Public Library of America; I had no idea that both Kent and Rick had Technology Association, a division of the dozens of new types of professions, such as bands back when they were younger or maybe American Library Association. Griffey is a scholarly communications librarians, digital even now! I just learned about a Maine folk graduate of Morehead State University and repository managers, digitization specialists, musician, Gordon Bok who is quite good! holds an MLS from the University of North data curators; and a large variety of standards “Without music, life would be a mistake.” Carolina at Chapel Hill. NISO fosters the and digital tools for knowledge-making. Friedrich Nietzsche. development and maintenance of standards that https://mellon.org/about/staff/donald-j-waters/ [email protected] facilitate the creation, persistent management, For Waters full biography: https://mellon.org/ and effective interchange of information so The National Information Standards Or- that it can be trusted for use in research and resources/news/articles/senior-program-offi- ganization (NISO) announces the appointment cer-donald-j-waters-retire/ learning. NISO is a not-for-profit association of Jason Griffey as the Director of Strategic accredited by the American National Stan- The resourceful Kent Anderson announc- Initiatives on the NISO staff. Griffey brings to dards Institute (ANSI). es: Caldera Is Active Again. After guiding NISO over 15 years of experience in libraries http://www.niso.org a startup to acquisition, it’s time to return and community leadership, as well as a broad to consulting. “With the announcement of understanding of emerging technologies. This Awesome! Award of the Laurea ma- RedLink’s acquisition by Wiley/Atypon, new position was created to support the merger gistrale ad honorem in Library and Infor- I’m pleased to also announce that Caldera between NISO and the National Federation mation Science has been given to Michele Publishing Solutions is active again, after 3+ of Advanced Information Services (NFAIS) Casalini by the University of Florence. It is years of dormancy. Of course, the launch of that was announced earlier this spring. Griffey with both enormous pride and great pleasure this newsletter — “The Geyser” — in October will be responsible for organizing an annual that we announce that the CEO of Casalini 2018 was the first rumbling that something conference and thought leadership meetings, continued on page 29

26 Against the Grain / September 2019 our new institutional ebook platform at-a-glance

The MIT Press Direct The MIT Press is known for pushing the boundaries of scholarly publishing in science, technology, and the arts in active partnership with innovators in the scholarly community. Our new institutional ebook platform is no exception:

• DRM-free: users can print, copy/paste, and download PDFs by chapter • Unlimited simultaneous users • Tiered pricing based on library budget and FTE • Subscription and perpetual options • OCLC MARC records and KBART files • COUNTER usage statistics and SUSHI reports • No ongoing maintenance fees • Consortia discounts available • Full and subject collections available

Visit us for additional details, updates, and information about free trials. mitpress.mit.edu/mit-press-direct Assessing e-journal post-cancellation access by Sunshine Carter (Electronic Resources Librarian and Interim Collection Development Officer, University of Minnesota Libraries) and Yumiko Toyota-Kindler (Library Program Specialist 1, University of Minnesota Libraries)

Introduction however, may not be included in daily acqui- PCAD Process 6 Post-cancellation access (PCA) allows sition workflows. The Minnesota Libraries Investigating each candidate e-journal for the continued ownership and access of an knows (or can identify) which journal publish- for PCA was easy or hard depending on the institution’s electronic purchases or subscrip- ers or licenses include perpetual access. PCA presence and accuracy of order records kept tions. Ideally, the initial point of acquisition was not known for specific titles or date ranges by the Minnesota Libraries and/or publishers is the time to record PCA rights. In 2018, the due to complicated and convoluted licenses. or subscription agents. This complication and University of Minnesota Libraries (Min- Or because the Minnesota Libraries has a short timeline caused the PCAD project to nesota Libraries) began a project to assess never recorded serial PCA information at the focus on those publishers with the most PCA its e-journal PCA rights. The Minnesota title/year level. For example, the Minnesota information: Elsevier, Wiley, SAGE and Libraries has negotiated for PCA rights for Libraries knew it had PCA rights for the Wiley Springer. For these publishers the Libraries nearly two decades and knows, for the most title Counselor education and supervision, but had the most comprehensive acquisitions in- part, which publishers provided PCA; yet the specific years of PCA were not recorded. formation and, for the most part, contractual the specific PCA entitlements for each title Post-cancellation Access agreements providing for many PCA years. For were not known. Investigating PCA rights for this reason, it was decided that other publishers’ e-journals was a long and arduous task, depen- Determination (PCAD) Project PCA would be investigated later, during the dent on the presence (or absence) of accurate In 2018, the Minnesota Libraries em- regular renewal process. records. An automated overlap analysis script barked on a project to assess its e-journal The PCAD project began with the need to compared print and electronic serial holdings to PCA rights. The post-cancellation access free up space at three library locations. An reduce the number of titles to review. Along the determination (PCAD) project intended to initial overlap analysis compared print (of the way, a post-cancellation access determination identify electronic surrogates to print serials three library locations) and electronic serial (PCAD) project uncovered various challenges for possible withdrawal of the print format. holdings, speeding up the PCAD process. unique to serial publications. The authors share Other criteria considered when determining Metadata analysts from the Libraries’ Data their experience with determining PCA at the surrogacy (in addition to PCA rights) included Management & Access (DMA) Department University of Minnesota and outline recom- electronic holdings equal to, or exceeding, print scripted the overlap analysis. The scripting mendations for other PCA projects. holdings, interlibrary loan allowances, print created a select title list meeting all the criteria retention commitments and archival copies with a likelihood of PCA (the analysis excluded Post-Cancellation Access (PCA) 7 in Portico or the Big Ten Academic Alliance all titles from non-perpetual e-collections). PCA allows for the perpetual, continued (BTAA) Shared Print Repository.8 This article The final output provided by DMA (in Ex- ownership of explicitly defined electronic con- will discuss the processes used cel) listed candidates for assessment tent. Any electronic resource content can come by e-resource management staff based on print holding location, with PCA (or perpetual access), but it is most to assess PCA rights and share percent (%) print to electronic commonly provided with one-time purchases lessons learned. holdings overlap, and existence (e.g., eBooks, primary sources) and e-journal As mentioned previously, in a print or online repository. subscriptions. Often, PCA is provided for each the Minnesota Libraries Additional metadata such year a subscription is paid. generally has a good handle as bibliographic record ID, A PCA clause in the license is critical to on which publishers pro- ISSN (print and electronic), securing and documenting PCA rights, but vided PCA; however, PCA and print holdings/chronolo- knowing the specific details of PCA rights years for each title is less gy range were included in the is equally important because PCA ensures known. For a few bigger Excel file to aid in PCAD. In- continued access to content, similar to the publishers, the Minnesota formation about the matched continued access print content provides. PCA Libraries had negotiated and overlapping print and license clauses vary widely, but it is important uniform PCA regardless electronic titles were placed to include specific details about the delivery of the years subscribed. in a Google sheet (one work- or hosting mechanism and cost of invoking For example, all the jour- sheet per publisher), enabling 1 PCA rights. LIBLICENSE’s Model License nals subscribed through one simultaneous work by the six 2 Agreement, the Big Ten Academic Alliance publisher has a PCA start date E-Resource Management (ERM) Library Initiatives’ Standardized Agreement of 1995 no matter what the first subscription Unit staff members (within the Acquisitions 3 Language, and the California Digital Li- year was for a specific journal title. For near- & E-Resource Management Department). The 4 brary’s Standard License Agreement all have ly all other publishers, however, it is not the PCA determination for each title was recorded good model language for PCA. A repository, standard practice to set a uniform PCA start in the Google worksheets. After the scripted archive, publisher, or library can self-host PCA date; typically, subscribed years determine overlap analysis, ERM staff had 1,082 titles on their own servers. Invoking PCA rights is PCA access, meaning if a library subscribes to review (representing over 46,000 volumes), not always easy or cost-free to set up, especial- and pays for a journal during 2005-2010, the and reviewed 80-100 titles per week. 5 ly if a library must self-host the content. Direct library will have PCA rights from 2005-2010. First, ERM staff verified that the print and or indirect costs for setting up PCA (whether When a publisher grants PCA to the paid online records represented the same journal. self-hosted or not) may include staff time, fees content only, it becomes crucial to review the They then compared the print holdings data (one-time, maintenance, membership, etc.), payment history to determine the exact PCA from the sheet with the catalog, an added step storage space and/or integration into estab- years. These prior negotiations for uniform to detect discrepancies in the print chronology lished delivery mechanisms. PCA rights would, in the end, be a saving grace range. ERM staff also reviewed the online The initial point of acquisition is the ideal during this monumental project; it soon became holdings to confirm that they equaled or ex- time to record PCA information for each title. clear manually checking the payment history ceeded the print holdings. For each journal, Libraries are good about asking for and receiv- for each journal would be a time consuming the PCAD findings from the analysis were ing PCA rights; recording the PCA details, (if not hopeless) task. continued on page 29 28 Against the Grain / September 2019 bear the burden of proving their PCA years provide Knowledge Bases And Related Tools Assessing e-journal ... to the receiving publisher, especially if the (KBART) files in administrator accounts, but from page 28 need to claim PCA rights does not surface for they only show activated access years based several years. on current year subscriptions and lack PCA recorded in the sheet, including the existence Another issue to be wary of is the tendency information. Even when the access entitlement or lack of PCA for the entire print holdings for publishers to represent the historical range files are available from publishers, the way and any anomalies found (missing chronology of a title with only one title identifier, espe- they display the PCA data varies. A standard data of print item records, missing online is- cially in commercial central knowledge base should be established to promote uniformity of sues, etc.). In the end, 92% of the 1,082 titles collections, such as Ex Libris’ SFX and Alma access entitlement files among publishers and reviewed by ERM staff were determined to be Community Zone and ProQuest’s 360. This include perpetual rights information because print surrogates and could be withdrawn based means a title that has changed names many PCA years are the true electronic holdings of on the established criteria. times can be listed only as the most current libraries. Additionally, library management Road Blocks title. Some print titles on the shelf did not systems should include specific fields for recording post-cancellation access at the title Along the way, the PCAD project un- match with electronic holdings because their title and/or identifiers did not align for overlap level, with the option to export the information covered various challenges unique to serial through analytics. publications, such as how to assess PCA for analysis to occur. print supplements, providing proof of payment Recommendations after many years had passed, tracking PCA for Regardless of publisher, determining PCA transferred titles, and addressing title changes has been a time consuming and difficult task in the overlap analysis process. Endnotes because in most cases titles need manual 1. Jim Stemper and Susan Barribeau, One issue encountered was print supple- checking. From this project, we have a few “Perpetual Access to Electronic Journals,” ments. The biomedical journals, in particular, recommendations on immediate steps for miti- Library Resources & Technical Services 50 include many supplements containing confer- gating a PCA investigation, issues to watch for (April 2006): 91–109. ence proceedings or additional articles. These during a PCA project, and next steps to ease the 2. “LIBLICENSE: Licensing Digital Con- supplements are often not available electron- burden for libraries (and perhaps publishers). tent: A Resource for Librarians,” http:// liblicense.crl.edu (accessed June 9, 2019). ically or scarcely held by other libraries. The Planning for a future invocation of PCA is only way to check whether online versions 3. Big Ten Academic Alliance Library Initia- important in reducing the amount of work and tives, “Standardized Agreement Language,” of print supplements exist is verifying their uncertainty that a PCAD project creates. Order representation in the online version, which is May 2019, https://www.btaa.org/library/ information (along with detailed notes) may be licensing/standardized-agreement-language time-consuming. Titles with supplements, due necessary to prove payment, so order records (accessed June 9, 2019). to their extra complications, were set aside to should be maintained (or at least accessible in a 4. California Digital Library, “Standard Li- be assessed later. flat file) even after system migrations. Record cense Agreement,” 2016, https://www.cdlib. Access entitlement reports (from the pub- and store (if possible) PCA information in your org/gateways/vendors/docs/CDL_Mod- lisher), obtained by request or through the Min- library management system. When negotiating el_License_2016_for_vendors.rtf (accessed nesota Libraries’ administrative interfaces, PCA rights, ask for a standard PCA start date to June 9, 2019). helped in the PCAD of subscribed titles. In ease record keeping for both parties. 5. Sarah Glasser, “Providing Perpetual Access,” Library Resources & Technical some instances, the entitlement information It is a good idea to obtain detailed enti- provided to us did not show the correct PCA Services 58 (July 2014): 144–152. tlement reports and to create a process for 6. Chris Bulock, “Techniques for Tracking years for which the Libraries held paid sub- handling anomalies. Request from publishers scriptions. Payment history for the years in Perpetual Access,” The Serials Librarian 68 entitlement reports that include access date (May 2015): 290–298. question was provided to the publisher and the ranges and perpetual date ranges. Use this publisher updated PCA entitlements. Payment 7. Portico, https://www.portico.org/ information for the review, but beware of why-portico/ (accessed June 9, 2019). proof ranged from past payment history and discrepancies. During the process have a pro- 8. Big Ten Academic Alliance, “Shared order format provided by the current serial cedure for handling supplements, title transfers Print Repository,” http://www.btaa.org/ subscription agent, or screenshots of payment and title changes. library/shared-print-repository/introduction history from the Minnesota Libraries’ unified (accessed June 9, 2019). library services platform. To ease the tracking of PCA information, each provider should make access entitle- 9. National Information Standards Orga- Transfer titles (titles transferred from one nization, RP-24-2015 Transfer Code of ment files easily downloadable. The files Practice Version 3.0, https://www.niso.org/ publisher to another) made up the bulk of prob- should explicitly show the PCA years and lematic journals, particularly for one publisher. publications/rp-24-2015-transfer, 2015 complimentary back file access dates while (accessed June 9, 2019). ERM staff pointed out to the current publisher subscriptions are active. Some publishers that the former publishers of transferred titles had included a PCA clause. The current pub- lisher subsequently granted PCA rights when sufficient proof of payment was provided. Previously recorded order notes were helpful for gathering past payment history to request rini praised Michele’s capacity to promote rightful PCA to the front files; some notes Rumors innovation in his business and in general pertained to what year the journals transferred from page 26 among the most advanced library community: to the receiving publisher, and others related “With Casalini Libri, he has understood that to the order format change from Print+Online Libri, Michele Casalini, has accepted an the new factor in the digital world is not the to Online Only. The National Information honorary degree celebrating his dedication technology itself, but close and unconstrained Standards Organization’s (NISO) Transfer and contribution to the field of Library and collaboration with other partners. Michele Code of Practice section 3.2 (Perpetual Access) Information Science from the University of has contributed, and continues to contribute, states, “The transferring publisher must ensure Florence. The ceremony on 21st May 2019 to the advancement of librarianship in the continued access to its subscribers where it marked the very first bestowal of the honour digital age, achieving excellent results that has granted perpetual access rights, even if for merit in modern librarianship by an Italian are appreciated and recognized internationally. the transferring publisher will cease to host the university; only the second time that a similar Michele Casalini is a bridge builder thanks online version of the journal after the effective distinction has been conferred in Library and to the diffusion of culture, knowledge and re- transfer date.”9 In reality, however, subscribers Information Science in Italy. Delivering the search.” The honour pays tribute to Michele’s (libraries), not the transferring publisher, often Laudatio of the award, Prof. Mauro Guer- continued on page 32

Against the Grain / September 2019 29 Assessing the Success of Library Published Journals by Emma Molls (Publishing Services Librarian, University of Minnesota)

Abstract Table 1. New Publication Goal Development Questionnaire. In 2015, the University of Minnesota (UMN) Libraries launched a publishing program. Following in the footsteps of earli- er library publishing initiatives, the program seeks to serve campus by providing an afford- able venue for publishing quality open access journals and other openly accessible formats. However, given UMN Libraries Publishing’s diverse portfolio and its non-traditional busi- ness model, assessing the program’s success required innovative thinking that did not de- pend on sales figures or disciplinary-specific metrics. This paper will discuss UMN Librar- ies Publishing’s development of journal-level goals to assess publication-level success and, in turn, assess the success of a library publishing program. The paper will present examples of journal goals, templates for editorial boards, and timelines for publishing workflows related to assessment. We’re Here, Now What? In many ways, the University of Minneso- ta Libraries was late to the library publishing party. University of Michigan Libraries and University of Pittsburgh Library, arguably two of the most robust library publishers, launched publishing initiatives in 2001 and 1999,1 respectively. Prior to 2015, University Manifold, Pressbooks, and DSpace. Depend- To Each Their Own of Minnesota Libraries was able to serve ing on each individual title, some journals pub- One of the first UMN Libraries publica- campus publishing and publishing-adjacent lish downloadable PDFs, while others publish tions, Open Rivers3 (ISSN 2471-190X, pub- needs through other existing library services, full-text HTML. Similarly, depending on the lished fall 2015), was proposed and developed including the institutional repository (launched title, monographs and textbooks are available as a WordPress publication, and therefore in 2007) and digital project assistance offered for reading and downloading at the book level, required additional conversations and planning through the web development department. or by chapter-by-chapter. This diversity of around design and website development, espe- After a sharp increase in consultations from content availability became increasingly prob- cially compared to journals on more templated on-campus, faculty-led journals, the Universi- lematic in creating internal annual reports used platforms like bepress Digital Commons. Led ty of Minnesota (UMN) Libraries launched a to illustrate the publishing service’s growth and by UMN Publishing Team members with publishing program in 2015, built heavily off of activity to library administration. library technology backgrounds, editors and the experiences and direction of long-standing Even with using a standard like librarians walked through a user design library publishing programs at peer institutions. 2 COUNTER, when available, template that asked editors to consider After four years, UMN Libraries Publishing is a challenge for measuring different user segments, mentalities, now offers in-depth publishing consultations library publishing activity and key site objectives. While this and open access journal, monograph, and text- because it does not capture template was being prepared primarily book publishing services to campus-affiliates nuance across titles, includ- for technology needs, it became clear and scholarly societies. ing frequency of publication, that walking editors through deeper The University of Minnesota Libraries number of articles published questions related to the publication’s deliberately and thoughtfully created an open annually, and size of poten- goals needed to be incorporated into access publishing program, knowing that the tial audience. Although a the workflow for all publications. program’s success would not, and could not, publisher would like to as- Publishing Team members adapted the be measured by the same means as for-profit sume that every person with user design template to include further or self-sustaining publishers. Likewise, li- internet access would be a questions that were relevant to the brary publishing programs, like other library potential reader of an open non-technology aspects of scholarly services, need to meet the current needs of access journal article, realistically, depending publications. These added sections, listed in campus, which requires frequent reassessment on subject area and content of individual arti- Table 1, were in large part success-oriented. and flexibility. The innovative approach of cles, each journal, and even each article, has a library publishing within a campus context, uniquely sized potential audience. All of these After three years of revisions, the former therefore, requires a complex answer to the caveats make presenting a straight-forward, us- user design template is now referred to as “New question: “What does success look like for us?” age statistics-centric story of success difficult. Publication Goal Development Questionnaire” While UMN Libraries Publishing still tracks and includes the following sections, descrip- The Struggle with Metrics journal-level usage statistics, we are working tions, and instructions as listed in Table 1. The Across UMN Libraries Publishing’s cata- toward telling our story of success through the questionnaire is answered by publication leads, log, we publish journals on three different plat- success of each journal. This approach requires typically editors or a steering committee, but forms, Open Journal Systems, WordPress, and that we, as publishers, are in close contact with frequently facilitated in-person by a member bepress Digital Commons, and monographs each journal’s editorial board to identify and of the Publishing Team. and textbooks on three different platforms, meet their objectives and successes. continued on page 32 30 Against the Grain / September 2019 DE WHO? DE GRUYTER!

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degruyter.com especially with mature titles, often result in While we are still figuring out how to best Assessing the Success of Library ... adding additional yearly goals to the journal. share our story in a quantifiable way, we know from page 30 Adding additional goals gives rotating editori- what our story is: we succeed when our journals al team members a way to leave their “mark” succeed. Focusing on journal measures of It became apparent after working with on a journal and often seek to strengthen the success has implications across an entire pub- both brand new journals and journals with a journal’s competitiveness in its respective lishing program — from proposal application longer publication history, that journals would field. As long as these goals can be tied to the to publication build — and helps shift the focus need to have a different measure of success journal’s original business objectives and can of publishing back on scholars. for the short term (one year), the midterm be described as a measure of success, there is (three years) and the long term (beyond five no problem in expanding the answers to the years). While it may seem redundant to have Goal Development Questionnaire. separate measures of success for years three The New Publication Goal Development and five, this breakdown is specifically linked Endnotes Questionnaire is a great tool for publishers. 1. Library Publishing Coalition Directory to indexing and discoverability, which many Outside of the initial publication build, the journals identify as a measure of success. Committee. (2018). Library Publishing 4 5 questionnaire is used to help scope additional Directory 2018. 2016D11D14]. http://www. PubMed Central and Scopus require at developments. For example, if one of our librarypublishing.org/resources/directory/ least two years of regular publication to be publications has listed “inclusion in PubMed lpd2017 included in the indexes; however, it may Central” as a measure of success for year five, 2. COUNTER is a standards organization take a journal an additional two years to get we know that workflows for XML production that develops and maintains the standard through index review. For brand new titles, must be in place prior to inclusion. for counting the use of electronic resourc- goals of year one are typically heavily tied es. The COUNTER Project. https://www. to author and reviewer recruitment and basic Their Success, Our Story projectcounter.org/about/ editor on-boarding and journal management. UMN Libraries Publishing was launched 3. Open Rivers. http://editions.lib.umn. edu/openrivers/ It is important to acknowledge that these goals in order to meet campus needs and serve cam- are not abandoned after years three and five, 4. National Library of Medicine. (2019). pus — and part of our service-oriented program Journal Selection for MEDLINE Index- but should be embedded into the everyday is to ensure that each publication is successful work of the journal editors. ing at NLM. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/ by a measure that fits its context. We believe lstrc/j_sel_faq.html Given the separate measures of success for as an open access publisher, embedded within 5. Elsevier. (2019). Content Policy and different years, we are moving toward regular a public university, we are in a unique position Selection. https://www.elsevier.com/solu- check-in meetings with each editorial team to create a publishing environment that puts tions/scopus/how-scopus-works/content/ in order to revisit the New Publication Goal academy-led journal priorities first, rather than content-policy-and-selection Development Questionnaire. These meetings, publisher revenue.

(entomologists); research micro-organisms, tions from Ithaka S+R’s Oya Rieger entitled Rumors such as bacteria and viruses (biotechnologists); “What’s a Collection Anyway?” According from page 29 examine cells and tissues under a microscope to the introduction the essay characterizes “the to identify diseases (plant pathologists); work evolving nature of collections and … highlights work and commitment to continuing, together to conserve and manage wild animals and their some of the factors behind these changes and with his sister Barbara, the legacy of their habitats (wildlife biologists); carry out animal their impact on the notion of collections. It father, Mario, founder in 1958 of Casalini health programs (veterinarians); provide is a reflection on how collections are defined Libri an internationally respected publisher education on the humane care and treatment and what it means to build a collection or in the field of the academic information chain. of animals (veterinarians and animal care develop a collection policy given the current Such prestigious recognition of Michele’s inspectors); and manage the business aspects information ecology and trends in research and expertise, professionalism, and foresight in his of protecting plants and animals (agribusiness). pedagogy…” field reflects the outstanding work carried out There are several participating universities, but www.against-the-grain.com/ by Casalini Libri and is an immense source Maddie applied and was accepted to attend the http://sr.ithaka.org/publications/whats-a-col- of pride and satisfaction for the entire compa- session at NC State University June 17 - 28. lection-anyway/ ny. The full proceedings including Michele’s How wonderful! Hooray for Maddie! Lectio doctoralis, The centrality of libraries Hoo ha! Cris Ferguson has been elected for progress and democracy, are published Was poking around the Internet ordering as NASIG treasurer… And interesting that by Firenze University Press and are avail- some books from AbeBooks when I discovered according to the NASIG newsletter, NASIG able in open access on Torrossa Open at the that there are a lot of podcasts on the Abe- may move towards formalizing a rotation permalink https://oa.torrossa.com/resources/ books website. The one I noticed was of the between four conference cities: Pittsburgh, an/4485970. A collection of photos from the Kennel Club Library and there is much more. Spokane, Madison, and Atlanta. Lots about food! AbeBooks Podcast - Behind event is available at http://www.casalini.it/ https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcon- docs/lmh_mc_photos.pdf. the Bookshelves: https://www.abebooks.com/ podcast/index.shtml. tent.cgi?article=2005&context=nasig More great news! Leah Hinds’ daughter, Plus, AbeBooks has introduced an innova- Did you see — Against the Grain, all Maddie, was selected and has finished aUSDA tive podcast player that offers a daily round-up you need to know about Digital Textbooks AgDiscovery Interneship! AgDiscovery is of book-related podcasts. Shelfsound streams from a range of commentators across the a summer outreach program designed to help the best literary podcasts from around the world industry. This special issue (ATG, v.31#3, teenagers explore careers in plant and animal into the player and makes them easily available June 2019) expertly guest edited by Dominic science, wildlife management, agribusiness, to AbeBooks’ visitors. Broadhurst looks at perspectives from aca- and much more! The program allows students demic libraries directly providing textbooks to live on a college campus and learn about ag- http://www.abebooks.com/books/shelf- to their students, a view from a publisher, the riculture from university professors, scientists, sound-podcast.shtml potential opportunities for open textbooks, and administrative professionals who work Do you follow Tom Gilson’s News & the value offered from digital textbooks and for the U.S. Government in a variety of fields. Announcements in the ATG NewsChannel? of course never forgetting the all-important They study the life cycles and habits of insects There is a new issue brief on library collec- continued on page 49

32 Against the Grain / September 2019 Assessing Library Competencies for the Future: The LibGOAL Toolkit for Success by Steven Bell (Associate University Librarian, Temple University) and Marta Brunner (College Librarian, Skidmore College) and Jennifer Ferguson (Team Lead, Arts & Humanities, Tufts University) and Elliot Felix (Founder and CEO, brightspot strategy) and Emily Kessler (Senior Strategist, brightspot strategy) and Kelly Sanford (Senior Strategist, brightspot strategy) and David Woodbury (Department Head, Learning Spaces & Services, NC State University)

Abstract and making an impact for ourselves, our teams, our institutions, and What are the essential competencies that future library professionals our profession. It has been a non-linear process in which we have been will need as individuals, as team members, as members of a university, learning along the way. We look forward to continuing this process as and as citizens? What are the personal and organizational competencies more people get involved as users, contributors, or both to create an to guide their education and professional de- open-access community resource that velopment to become proficient in these com- can help guide recruiting, development, petencies? This article will detail the process organizational design, and performance by which a group of thinkers and doers came management for library professionals. together to identify these essential competen- Problem Definition cies and develop a toolkit to help both new LibGOAL started with an insight and seasoned academic library professionals from Todd Gilman during the editing prepare for their future. This group was com- of Academic Librarianship Today.2 He prised of ten library professionals from eight observed that library professionals now institutions and three members of brightspot often have an equal seat at the table at strategy, a higher education strategic con- institutions as they think about teaching sultancy with extensive experience planning and learning with faculty. No longer library services, staffing, and spaces.1 limited to ad hoc student orientations, The toolkit we created — called Lib- sporadic consultations, and chance GOAL — is a card sort planning activity for collaborations with faculty, library pro- teams of library professionals to help them identify, discuss, and align fessionals can be shaping syllabi, directing academic centers, and team their priorities for future personal and organizational growth. In this teaching. With this observation came another one from the group as article, we will define the problem we set out to solve, summarize our we discussed the topic of competencies for library professionals in the environmental scan of competency frameworks outside of and within the future: often library professionals are ill-prepared to be equal partners library world, explain our initial competencies and how we organized in teaching and learning them into categories, recount the development of the card sort activity, both from their formal ed- share the lessons from initial testing and outreach, and identify our next ucation and in their career steps to create an open and free community resource. development. So, we then Introduction came together to identify What are the essential competencies that future library professionals the competencies needed to will need as individuals, as team members, as members of a university, close this preparation gap. and as citizens? How can they identify personal and organizational When we came together, competencies to guide their education and professional development to perhaps as a result of our become proficient in these competencies? To answer these questions diversity of perspectives, for both new and seasoned library professionals, ten library profession- experiences, and institutions, als from eight institutions and members of brightspot strategy came we recalled the idea of the together to define the problem, look for example competency frame- “T-shaped” person. This works beyond and within concept, originating in the late 1970s3 and then popu- the profession, brainstorm larized by IDEO’s Tim Brown more recently,4 posits competencies and ways of that people should have specific vertical areas of deep categorizing them, develop expertise coupled with horizontal skills and knowledge a prototype tool, test and that cut across roles and departments, enabling collabo- polish it, and then launch ration. With this in mind, we realized first that teaching it at a library conference in and learning would be a vertical competency in this late 2018. schema (along with areas like user experience, scholarly Along the way, our group communications, and makerspaces) and second, that to has modelled the kinds of be of real value, we should define the horizontal com- skills and activities we think petencies that are likely common to all roles within a are important for the future library — competencies like communication, creativity, such as collaborating face- and project management. Thus we defined the problem, to-face and at a distance, the opportunity really, as the identification of essential brainstorming, prototyping, continued on page 34

Against the Grain / September 2019 33 Assessing Library Competencies for the Future ... from page 33 competencies that future library professionals need to guide their edu- cation and professional development. Environmental Scan To understand the context and inform the development of the toolkit, we looked both within the library world and outside of it. Looking within, we reflected on the scenario planning work that theAssociation of Research Libraries (ARL) did in 2010 to imagine the future 20 years out, based on how constrained and how diffused research might become.5 This yielded four ARL scenarios: 1. Research Entrepreneurs: A future shaped by the rise of entrepreneurial research where individual researchers are the stars of the story as creators of high-value new knowledge. Categories and Competencies: Origins 2. Reuse and Recycle: A future in which reuse of research Early decisions centered around the ways in which the team would activities dominate “because of an anticipated scarcity of define what a librarian of the future looked like and what skills that resources for the research enterprise.” librarian needed. Brainstorming during a workshop at brightspot 3. Disciplines in Charge: A future in which scholars align strategy resulted in identifying a mix of soft and hard skills, new areas themselves around data stores and computational capacity that of expertise, and emerging roles. As the team searched for common address large-scale research questions within their research themes among a multitude of possibilities, an organizing schema field. emerged. Many of the competencies fell into one of two categories. 4. Global Followers: A future in which the research enterprise One set reflected leadership and management activities, such as change is relatively familiar, but the cultural context framing research management, ethics, vision, risk, and diversity. The other addressed changes because of funding shifts from North America and de- functional areas such as learning, scholarly communications, and data veloped western nations to nations in the Middle East and Asia. management. It is at this point that the model of the “T-shaped person” began to emerge based on two sets of scales, horizontal and vertical. The Our group also explored existing articles and competency frame- horizontal axis would reflect strategic competencies while the vertical works within the profession; for instance, Bertot, Sarin, and Percell would apply to the functional skill sets. identified competencies in their 2015 article “Re-Envisioning the MLS: Findings, Issues, and Considerations” (which read like attributes) in- To test the feasibility of the T-shaped model, the team selected teach- cluding Collaborative, Inclusive, Flexible/Adaptable, Creative, Risk ing and learning and scholarly communications for building out a set of Takers, Socially Innovative, and several others.6 The NASIG (formerly competencies. For the former, team members used their own expertise to the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc.) report on Core construct the competencies, while the latter was based on competencies Competencies for Scholarly Communication Librarians identified developed by a library association. For teaching and learning, the chal- the themes of Background Knowledge, Technical Skills, Outreach lenge was to identify just ten key concepts to represent a broad range of and Instruction, and Team Building as well as five areas of emphasis educator practices and knowledge. For scholarly communications, a set including Institutional Repository Management, Publishing Services, of competencies was adopted from the aforementioned NASIG Report. Copyright Services, Data Management Services, and Assessment and We also learned that to inform the development of future competen- Impact Metrics.7 cies, a team member should be tasked with establishing a hierarchy of Our look outside the library competencies in their area of expertise and to aim for broadness of cov- profession was equally useful. erage. At that point, additional team members should review the content For instance, the Society of Ac- to determine if the listed competencies will manageably transfer to the tuaries (SOA) has a self-assess- card set or if refinements are necessary. Developing these categories ment tool in which individuals and competencies is a team sport that requires the accumulated knowl- rate statements about their skills edge and practical experience of all of its members. Ultimately though, and knowledge included in the practitioners who participate in our public prototyping exercises can competency framework in two inform how well choices were made and influence further refinements. dimensions: the importance to Prototyping and ARL Conference their work and the individual’s Once we had determined the horizontal competency scales, we ability to perform it.8 This tool defined the horizontal competencies, and drafted the initial vertical provided a critical clue that not competencies; for instance, horizontal competences included creativity, all competencies will be equal- ethics, assessment, outreach, and social justice while vertical compe- ly relevant and prioritization tencies would fall under categories like scholarly communications, based on the institution and teaching and learning, and makerspaces. Then, the group collaborated the individual is an important on the development of a card sort activity prototype. The prototype step. The Chartered Global included cards listing each horizontal and vertical Management Accountants competency along with a card sort activity plot and (CGMA) also created an excellent an action plan plot. The cards included in the ini- framework in 2014 whose four cat- tial prototype listed each competency along with a egories of competenies tell a kind brief definition in order to help users determine the of story about how professionals meaning and relevancy of each competency area. “apply accounting and finance skills The initial prototype also included a detailed set of (technical skills), in the context of instructions for plotting the competency cards for the business (business skills), to relevancy and proficiency and creating an action influence people (people skills), and plan for organizational and/or personal development. lead within the organization (leader- ship skills).”9 These four categories Once the prototype was developed, we tested it at inspired LibGOAL’s four horizon- libraries from seven academic institutions, including tal scales: Technical, Professional, Columbia University, Carnegie Mellon Universi- Interpersonal, and Strategic. continued on page 35 34 Against the Grain / September 2019 In addition to making the toolkit more usable, we plan to recruit more Assessing Library Competencies for the Future ... people to work with the LibGOAL team. These additional collabo- from page 34 rators will help to ensure that the continued expansion of the toolkit is as relevant as possible to as many library professionals as possible. To ty, North Carolina State University, Skidmore College, Tufts Uni- be sure, no single tool can be everything to everyone. Nonetheless, we versity, UCLA, and Wheaton College. Based on the feedback from hope to make it easy for future collaborators to create new LibGOAL our initial testing, we revised the prototype activity and instructions to card sets or devise new activities with existing cards. clarify the wording of each competency and we provided an example of what each competency might mean in practice. Based on our testers’ Conclusion perceptions of the activity, we also reworked the instructions to make it We set out to help librarians be true partners to faculty in advancing more game-based and focused on plotting fewer cards. We made these teaching and learning at their institutions. By walking the talk and mod- changes to set participants’ expectations that like a game, they’ll learn eling a creative, collaborative problem-solving process, we redefined the as they go, to encourage participants to prioritize competencies, and to problem to be about helping to create “T-shaped” library professionals make sorting 50+ cards more manageable. with vertical depth of expertise (e.g., teaching and learning), This revised prototype was tested once again at the as well as horizontal skills to enable collaboration and 2018 Library Assessment Conference, where we impact. We now have a useful set of competencies, facilitated a workshop of approximately 50 partici- as well as an effective and fun process for assessing pating library professionals working in small groups today and planning for tomorrow. But if there is one to test and provide feedback on the toolkit. Each lesson library professionals have learned well, it’s that group was made up of no more than five people great content is not enough to ensure use and relevance. and was provided with a brief strategic overview of For LibGOAL to become an indispensable tool for the one of four sample institutions representing a range community, it needs to be a platform to which many of academic library types, including a large public more people can contribute, by providing feedback research university, a private research university, a or authoring a section, so that practitioners find it small liberal arts college, and a community college. Each substantially informs their continuing education and group then spent ten minutes to decide on which area of the library professional development. Readers can test out the LibGOAL toolkit they represented (e.g., leaders, user experience, teaching and learning, and get involved in further developing it by visiting www.libgoal.org. etc.) and to have a quick chat about the sample institution. They then Acknowledgements worked in their groups to choose no more than five cards to plot in two horizontal categories and one vertical category over the next 30 minutes. The authors would like to sincerely thank current contributors Kelly Each sample institution had one of the LibGOAL creators available to Barrick and Meagan Brooks; past contributors to the project Todd facilitate sorting and plotting the cards, which helped us to understand Gilman, Alexis Seeley, Nisa Bakkalbasi, and Ron Jantz; and our better some of the difficulties and sticking points in the current proto- future contributors. type. After each group completed the activity, we solicited real-time feedback using PollEverywhere, asking participants how likely they would be to use LibGOAL at their institution, what local institutional problem they thought it might best solve, and what they would change Endnotes about the toolkit. That feedback will be incorporated into our lessons 1. For more information on brightspot, visit: http://www.brightspot- learned and next steps. strategy.com/. 2. Academic Librarianship Today. Edited by Todd Gilman. https:// rowman.com/ISBN/9781442278752/Academic-Librarianship-Today 3. Johnston, D. L. (1978). Scientists Become Managers — The “T”- Shaped Man. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 6(3), 67–68. 4. Brown, Tim. “T-Shaped Stars: The Backbone of IDEO’s Collabo- rative Culture.” Chief Executive Magazine. January 21, 2010. https:// chiefexecutive.net/ideo-ceo-tim-brown-t-shaped-stars-the-backbone-of- ideoaes-collaborative-culture__trashed/ 5. “The ARL 2030 Scenarios: A User’s Guide for Research Libraries,” Association of Research Libraries, accessed March, 4, 2019, https:// www.arl.org/focus-areas/planning-visioning/scenario-planning/1074- the-arl-2030-scenarios-a-users-guide-for-research-libraries#.XOM- RQVNKhTY. 6. John Bertot, Lindsay Sarin, & Paul Jaeger. “Re-Envisioning the MLS The Future of Librarian Education. January 6, 2016. http://pub- liclibrariesonline.org/2016/01/re-envisioning-the-mls-the-future-of-li- brarian-education/ Lessons Learned and Next Steps 7. “Core Competencies for Scholarly Communication Librarians,” On the basis of feedback from prototyping participants and attendees NASIG, accessed March 4, 2019, https://www.nasig.org/site_page. at the ARL Assessment Conference session, the LibGOAL team has cfm?pk_association_webpage_menu=310&pk_association_web- plans to add team members and develop the tool further. In particular, page=9435. we know that LibGOAL will benefit from increasing the diversity of 8. “Competency Framework Self-Assessment Tool,” Society of Actu- the team working on it in terms of racial, ethnic, age and institution type. aries, accessed March 4, 2019, https://www.soa.org/professional-devel- We will work to develop more verticals from which to choose, reflecting opment/competency-assessment-tool/. a wider range of library professional roles. As noted above, we will 9. “CGMA Competency Framework 2014 edition,” CGMA, accessed continue to refine and clarify language on the cards and streamline the March 4, 2019, https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/cgma-competen- number of cards because we want to avoid overwhelming participants cy-framework-2014.html. as well as overcrowding the activity plot with too many cards to sort at once. We will also draft clearer framing for the card sort activity and provide more instructions for facilitators to prompt conversations among participants. One way we plan to do this is to “gamify” the activity more so that participants view it as a more explicitly heuristic exercise rather than a prescriptive diagnosis.

Against the Grain / September 2019 35 36 Against theGrain /September2019 Op Ed — Opinions and Editorials I and issuchasourceoffriction.” ues ofacademics/scholars/researchers, theval- rarelyinlinewith is value, which by maximizingimmediateshareholder ten commercial publishers are motivated back toMcGrawHill,so...yeah.Soof- com> http://tscott.typepad.com Column Editor: Power, Control, andtheQuestfor OpenInfrastructure Op Ed—Epistemology FigShare/ — concerns have definitely I manager replies,“Me,Ihaveconcerns! feelings, I’mguessing.) A researchdata that’s unfounded.”(Notwarmandfuzzy necting to publishing entities, but maybe have somefeelingswhenIseelinescon- and Science (andDimensionsandFigShare around whoultimatelyownsDigital curious ifanyonehasanyconcerns week’s mail: good and evil. Some examples from this Open isaboutreclaimingcontrol Access tory language: inflamma less much in but opposition, publishers andlibrariansworking in Roy ofMiddleburyCollegealsosees considerations tobeirrelevant. Mike company considerslegaland ethical person whoworksfora publishing most stopshortofclaiming that every share theManicheanviewofthings, breathtaking. publisher.” Elmore’s condescension is of mindsomeonewhoworksfora have relevance.” resource islegalorethicalnolonger silly little things like whether or not a the endless acquisition ofmoney tive is libraries’ position. When the only objec what theywoulddoifwereinthe such asSciHub.Becausethat’s exactly libraries areleveragingafreeresource for apublisher, ofcoursetheythink frame of mindsomeonewhoworks italism 101. Onceyouunderstand the the content they “publish”. …It’s Cap- they can from anyonewhowantsto use pence, yuan,yen,and/orounceofblood extracting every penny, ruble, shekel, on theotherhand,are concerned with Publishers, task. simple or easy an Not dwindling budgetsinanethical manner. ting themostcontentandvalueforour nator). “Librarians areinterested in get- ( hostile as thispostfromEric Elmore Electronic Resources Coordi- Resources Electronic UTSA tion as a fight between the forces of forces the between fight a as tion the futureofscholarlycommunica t’s not news that many librarians see A dataserviceslibrarianasks,“I’m “The fight (and yes, it is a fight) over Fortunately, even among those who “Once youunderstandtheframe as not but one-dimensional, Pretty )? …I andSpringer Symplectic / Symplectic 2 T. ScottPlutchak(Librarian,Epistemologist,Birmingham, Alabama)

digital scholarlycommunications.” support to required infrastructure the which they discussed their efforts to “map his colleaguespublishedablogpostin Shared controlisn’t anoption. system.” overthis control andownership and to actcollectivelyin order to reclaim challenge as oneofneeding to organize number ofpeoplehavedescribedthe librarians are absolutists. gets tosettheterms. The pureofheart make articles open, they’reaboutwho The disputesaren’t aboutwhetherto repository).buried inaninstitutional cess toanauthor’s manuscript version by manyOA partisans (embargoed ac- the various green versions championed enshrined intheBBBdeclarations than — ismuchclosertotheiconicOA ideals version ofrecordonthepublisher’s site embrace —immediateaccesstothe cess. And the version they fully embracedOpen Ac- years thattheBigFivehave fight overcontrol. for averylongtime. It’s a Open Access. Ithasn’t been Access isn’t really about Open over fight The here. He makes a crucial point power power over without a fight.” have power rarely hand that porate interests. Those who largely controlled bycor over asystemthatisnow big commercial companies. compete with the death star… erm, the developing openinfrastructure that can muster and make sound investments in resources the academic community can essential in order to leverage whatever better data andmore transparency are infrastructure projects. They argue that munity” is currently spending onopen anism for identifying what “the com hope toconfrontbysettingupamech either group. It’s thislasttruththatthey where investmentsarebeingmadeby transparency, soit’s impossibletosee are not. And third, there is very little well-resourced andtheragtaggoodguys death star.” Goodguysandbadguys. rebel allianceversustheempireand capacities.” The conflict is “a bit like the open sourceprojectsofvarioussizesand and ontheother“aragtagbandofactors: commercial companies on the one hand, in thisspace. There areseveralofthebig One, therearetwosetsofactorsworking identify three“uncomfortabletruths.” Last December, Royandacoupleof It’s been obvious for Second, the bad guy companies are Roy says, “A - 3

4 They They - - Open Infrastructure. in May with the launch ofInvest in financial structure and a company that company a and structure financial that has amission needstohave a sound tually exclusive. Yet everyorganization “maximizing revenue” as if they’re mu- “mission-driven” and talk about People tions inalmosteverything that wedo. operates out of a multiplicity of motiva and academics is that every one ofus of goals and values between publishers time theybitchaboutthemisalignment but theyknewhowtogetthingsdone. everyone involved wasn’t pure of heart, would resultinapublicgood.Isuppose their expertise to a shared effort that recognized thattheycouldcontribute the groundbecausepeopleinpublishing CrossRef, ture have been publisher-led. ORCID, efforts in developing shared infrastruc many ofthesuccessfulcollaborative mercial-organizations-bad folks ishow be aboutpowerandcontrol. Who andhowdogmatic IOI isgoingto issue. And whichleadsusbackto The on The How, which is the crux of the across internationalstakeholders.” shepherd a shared strategy and agenda work —withamandatetofacilitate and a strategic, global body — The Frame- frastructure] forward, it is time to create is The Framework.“To move [Open In- to leverage their data and transparency, effort, thefulcrumonwhichthey hope munication. The centerpiece oftheir open infrastructure forscholarly com with asharedbelief intheimportance of motivated organizations andindividuals collaboration amonganumberofhighly an organization. It’s billed as a global Mission, The Framework. Mission, The The Why,Issue, TheVision, The The What peoplelikeElmore missevery One oftheironiesmissedbycom- The IOI concept statement describes CHORUS —theyallgotoff that thinkingwererevealed create it.” [sic] thinking about howto today. We needtostart organization notexist does the community. Such an trustedby thatis structure nizational and governance orga “…an more, requires those investmentshappen, vestments, andthenmaking uring outwheretomakein- cy are still insufficient. Fig- But data and transparen- The results ofsome of continued onpage 37 5 isn’t quite isn’t IOI 6 Itissilent - - - - NOTE: This is the version without the landing page URL

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Advisory Working Group (AAWG), with the Even if you don’t fall for the simplistic canard Op Ed — Epistemology avowed aim of increasing “the involvement of that the people running commercial companies from page 36 academic institutions in CHORUS’ develop- and the people running libraries can’t possibly ment.”7 In 2006, when I went to my first STM8 have shared values and work together, you derives revenue from delivering a service can’t meeting in Frankfurt, it was apparent that many should welcome more experimentation and succeed if its services aren’t aligned with its people in publishing would have welcomed diversity and transparency in developing customers’ missions. the involvement of librarians in figuring out scholarly communication infrastructure. But I suppose it’s human nature to try to whittle how to take advantage of the new technologies there are big challenges. There’s a twenty-one the complexities of human behavior down to in advancing scientific communication. But person steering committee made up of passion- simplicities of good and evil. But that’s not librarians didn’t step up. With SPARC as the ate individuals with strong opinions. They how people really operate. Scientists might be dominant public voice of academic librarian- haven’t figured out a governance mechanism driven by the desire to make world-changing ship, they adopted an adversarial stance. No yet, and they’re going to have to make some discoveries while also having financially re- cooperation with the forces of darkness. Power tough decisions. They have high ideals, but it’ll warding careers and winning prizes and being and control. take more than those ideals to build something admired by their peers. An actor or musician Dan Whaley, CEO of Hypothesis, is on that makes a difference. might be determined to use their art to change the IOI steering committee and I was encour- I’ve worked on many different projects with how people think about their own lives, and aged by his interview in the Scholarly Kitch- librarians and publishers over decades. I know still want to make lots of money and become en.9 He’s dedicated to open infrastructure, but that there are many people, working for many famous. People in publishing can be passion- he’s not dogmatic about who he’s willing to different types of organizations, who have ately committed to using their resources to play with. Hypothesis, his organization, has knowledge and skills and passion and resources promote the public good, while at the same a solid track record of working with partners to contribute to such an effort. If the purists time working to maximize shareholder value. of all stripes. But Whaley is just one of insist that the commercial outfits or the people We’re all a mix of idealism and venality, try- the twenty-one member steering committee who work in them can’t participate, IOI will ing every day to live up to our best impulses and some of the rhetoric on the IOI website certainly run aground. Believing you’re on the while making up for how badly we failed the implies that the commercial outfits currently right side of history isn’t enough. Building a day before. operating in this space won’t be welcome. wall of righteousness around open infrastruc- Mike Roy is certainly right when he says Getting twenty-one passionate people to ture is no substitute for some sound business that those with power rarely hand over that agree on anything is difficult. There are some sense. The people on the steering committee power without a fight. But it needn’t be all hardcore anti-commercial folks in this group. are going to have to decide who they’re willing or nothing. The leadership of the Society for What will be the points of friction and what to listen to and work with in order to succeed. Scholarly Publishing includes librarians and will people be willing to compromise on? Or if the most important thing is fighting for publishers on their board. CHORUS recent- I want the IOI folks to succeed. I want to power and control. ly announced the formation of an Academic see them build something real. It’s important. endnotes on page 40

Against the Grain / September 2019 37 ATG Interviews Karen Phillips and Kiren Shoman Senior Vice President Global Learning Resource, and Vice President Pedagogy, SAGE Publishing by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: SAGE Publishing has recently Pedagogy, I have been responsible for our UK available via the library or through the inte- expanded its learning resource offerings books for several years and our global video gration of open educational resources, and beyond scholarly content to include software/ products since they launched in 2015. Now ultimately, provide greater transparency around technology tools that enable librarians to I am also responsible for Talis, a SaaS orga- affordability to students. Libraries can thus support teaching, learning, and research. nization providing resource list management support an innovative teaching and learning Can you tell us more about systems (RLMS). Talis has experience for students with constant access this new direction? What is developed software that helps to an up-to-date library resource list that can the strategy behind these ini- drive library success, as well serve up content right where the students are in tiatives? What role are each as student and faculty engage- the LMS. From the instructor’s point of view, of you playing in this effort? ment with learning resources. the product offers opportunities to ensure the KP: Our strategic direc- We acquired Talis in 2018 in course design is working well for their students, tion is driven by our mission part because it supports our giving them analytics that help assess progress to build bridges to knowl- mission of building bridges in a time-saving way. edge, to look for ways to to knowledge and could be Libraries can increase their productivity improve the development and enabled to do even more un- with better data on what resources are being communication of ideas and der SAGE’s ownership, while used in courses, informing acquisitions strate- knowledge between scholar operating as a stand-alone gies. The system is built to fit with the library’s and researcher, faculty and company. workflows, including automated digitization student. We work in partner- ATG: What impact will and copyright solutions. ship with the academic library this new commitment to Talis started in the UK and has the majority to deliver on this goal, publishing relevant and software and technology have on SAGE’s of UK HE institutions as customers, with its reliable research and pedagogic materials, ongoing efforts to create quality academic own annual Talis Insight library conference making sure to respond to library needs and content for librarians and researchers? What where librarians gather to share how they are goals as we do so. are your plans for content creation going using the software, and to engage in its constant forward? Our research shows academic libraries development as institutional needs change. I’m changing priorities from focusing on book and KP: In short, this new development is inspired by how we see libraries involved in the journal collection development to focus on in addition to our content-based publishing teaching and learning agenda of the university new types of digital content such as video in and does not replace other in new ways. Issues around response to changing student and faculty needs. publishing plans at SAGE. affordability, accessibility, You may have noticed that we responded to We have a journals program open educational resources, those shifts with our video and case collections, with over a thousand titles, library acquisition manage- data products, and the Adam Matthew primary a leading social science col- ment and general library ROI source collections. lege program, and a unique are all part of the engagement More recently, we have seen academic and fast-growing program we’ve been seeing. libraries invest in systems that can improve of digital products for the library, such as SAGE Video. Talis is working on a discovery, access, and usage of the library col- new product, Talis Elevate, lections. We are keen to respond to the current Our programs for eBooks and eReference, video, data, busi- which enables faculty and need for good solutions that support student students to collaborate on success and research; increase discovery and ness cases, primary source archives and SAGE Research class resources, encouraging usage; and demonstrate ROI on library spend engagement and insight and and services. As a result, beginning in 2018, Methods are all resonating well with researchers and to inspire better teaching and we have shifted from focusing solely on pub- learning experiences. This is lishing content to also offering software and students; we have exciting plans for growth as we continue to deliver in “Early Access” with a small number of li- technology that supports learning and research. braries, and we’re learning a lot from it already. This arm of the company was initiated by two high-quality, relevant content to the library. acquisitions — Talis and Lean Library — ATG: From both of your perspectives, KP: We are really excited to see the and also includes transforming the technology what would you say are the highlights of response to the Talis product within wider behind some of our existing products so that SAGE’s new software/technology portfolio? geographical markets. I will share a little about they can be used as powerful library tools. I What has the market response been to these two very different products: Lean Library am the overall strategic lead in this area, and new products so far? and Quartex. my role is to make the decisions about where KS: I’ll share a bit about Talis. What’s We acquired Lean Library in the fall of we focus our efforts and set goals for what we really interesting about their RLMS product 2018 and see the potential for this tool to help want to achieve. Talis Aspire is how well it serves wider stra- librarians address issues that seemed insolu- KS: As Karen outlined, we have embraced tegic needs of the whole campus. Talis Aspire ble for many years. Lean Library reliably the fact that as a mission-driven organization, is a cloud-based solution for the delivery, extends library resources and services directly SAGE can grow to deliver beyond content engagement, management, and evaluation of in the user workflow by providing a browser (traditional or digital) to also play a role in en- course materials. With this product, libraries plug-in that allows seamless access to library abling libraries, faculty, and students to succeed can manage the cost of course materials by and openly available content from anywhere using software as a service (SaaS). As VP of increasing discovery of learning resources continued on page 39 38 Against the Grain / September 2019 have presented this year at ER&L and UKSG seen librarians embrace. For instance, I saw Interview — Phillips and Shoman respectively on their experiences of imple- a fascinating case study of the University of from page 38 menting Lean Library and the difference it Kent using the resource list tool to launch has made to usage and for remote access in a project aiming to improve diversity in the (on-campus or off). Using the library’s unique particular. Recent libraries to implement the curricula (bit.ly/talisinsight). branding, it illustrates the connection between product include University of Pennsylvania, accessed content and the library, improving KP: The library is the central partner for University of Newcastle and Utrecht Uni- these products, which support the library and the visibility of the library to patrons along versity. the way. The product is unique in its fully the universities’ core strategies for learning ATG: This emphasis on software and supported range of services and is completely and research. technology seems to be an industry-wide publisher agnostic. On Lean Library, the library can market trend. What do you think this tells us about the tool using materials from Lean Library It has been a privilege to work with the the challenges that librarians and publishers on how to download the browser extension responsive and passionate Lean Library team, are facing as they try to meet the needs of and what it will enable. For example, the who are highly aligned with both SAGE’s today’s scholar? Lean Library team offers posters, email mission and that of the library. In fact, Lean KP: Today’s scholars and students are copy, social posts, discoverability checklists, Library’s founder, Johan Tilstra, is himself a used to excellent technology in their everyday and more to help with general promotion. librarian, and the company was born out of his lives and expect the same standards when they Additionally, they offer outreach programs to desire to fill a critical unmet need in the library. are looking for relevant content in the library faculty. Librarians also rely on word of mouth, Quartex is a new SaaS product, launched or learning management system. Today’s which has often been noted as helpful in seeing by Adam Matthew that extends the expertise librarians have seen that they need to broaden increased usage. the company brings to showcasing digital their focus beyond collection development and A great feature of the Library Assist module collections and makes it available to libraries include new skillsets and areas of focus to ad- is the ability of the library to set up messages that want to improve access to and usage of dress this expectation and to grow the use of the that are delivered to the end user as they search their own collections. Through the Quartex collections they so thoughtfully curate. We’re for and access resources. During implementa- platform, libraries or societies can publish seeing an increase in technology-focused roles tion, the Lean Library team offers a workshop their special collections in an open access en- within the library that support teaching, and to help set these up. vironment, where end-users can benefit from outreach roles focused on promoting the con- well-developed functionality for discovering tent in the library, getting the library message Key adjustments that libraries are making and analyzing primary sources. Quartex out to students and faculty where they are. are implementing new roles and expertise — includes handwritten text recognition technol- roles such as electronic resources librarian, We see libraries increasingly using software ogy, which employs AI to search manuscript or technology librarian, who work alongside to support access, discovery, and usage for materials. The product is just launched and collection development librarians. library management, and to embed materials we are hearing a lot of interest and excitement in the learning management system. From a ATG: Again, from your observations, have from libraries. publisher point of view, these changes mean these increased responsibilities taken resourc- ATG: What libraries can you point to that not only that content needs to be delivered es from collection development activities? In have been successful in implementing these on reliable, robust, and accessible platforms, times of decreased funding how are libraries products? And, regarding Talis Elevate, you but also that the features and functionality stretching their budgets to purchase the con- mention it’s in Early Access, when do you within the platform are increasingly important. tent researchers need? What are you hearing expect Talis to widen access to the product? More recently, this has been a great space for from your customers about these issues? KS: It is important to Talis to maintain intelligent innovation that can really add to the KP: While our research with academic an openness around customer experience of efficiency within the library and the service librarians globally doesn’t specifically report their products, and you can find a range of that the library has to offer, and this is the area a reallocation of resources from collections blog entries from librarians in the UK on how that we are looking to move into with our new development to systems and software, it does they have been successful with Talis Aspire at products. show that there is some uncertainty about the www.talis.com/blog (read about the University ATG: From your observations, what expected growth in the collections develop- of Oxford’s recent implementation, for exam- specific roles are librarians playing in pro- ment budgets, and there are signs that budget ple). The Talis Aspire User Group also shares moting these products and assisting faculty increases are just as likely to be seen in staff examples of projects from universities such and students using and implementing such costs or new systems and software. as Liverpool, Kings College London, and products? How are librarians adjusting to KS: It’s also important to note that Re- Sheffield Hallam. Further back (late 2018), these increased responsibilities? Can you source List Management Software enables there are also posts on the value of Aspire from cite specific examples? wider use of content in the collections which the University of Kent, and the University of KS: Talis library customers have been may not have been noticed to date as a learning Worcester, for instance. able to deliver on a wider remit around teach- resource. Of course, there is the opportunity Regarding Talis Elevate, this moved in to ing and learning success at their institution, to also engage Open Educational Resources Early Access with a small number of libraries which has increasingly been a key strategic alongside that, but this shouldn’t negatively in early 2019. We are working closely with drive at their universities. With the system, affect the collections development budget. the faculty and librarians at those institutions librarians can quickly report what required As the university’s strategic agenda evolves to understand how they are using the product reading is not available in the library catalogue around student success, Talis Aspire has the to increase resource collaboration, student and make purchasing decisions accordingly, ability to enable improved visibility around engagement, and analytics that helps both thus contributing to positive tracking on the what is used for teaching and learning and thus teachers and librarians deliver evidence-based affordability agenda. provide good intelligence on how to spend the collections budget. course improvement. We are now ready to As an example, librarians at Auckland increase access to customers of this product, University of Technology have done great ATG: And can you cite specific examples while ensuring we’re listening to our early work in engaging academics, offering variation of intelligent innovations that Karen men- customers and developing Elevate further with in their approach, from one-to-one sessions, to tioned above that librarians are developing their feedback and usage. online support, resulting in a growth of reading using these products? KP: Lean Library has an international lists and increased engagement by academics KP: I was referring to the products as in- customer base; early adopters include Stanford and students with the system. But there are a telligent innovations that libraries are adopting University and University of Manchester range of other interesting opportunities that to have impact on their ability to deliver value in the UK. Librarians from both universities software like this can bring, which we have continued on page 40

Against the Grain / September 2019 39 researchers are using. It can better inform col- ly good usage where the product is embedded. Interview — Phillips and Shoman lection development and make it more targeted At UKSG this year, Tim O’Neill (Electronic from page 39 and responsive to patrons’ needs. The library Resources Co-Ordinator at the University of and publisher may also become more seam- Manchester) gave a presentation showing the to the institution. Taking the example of Lean lessly integrated into the natural workflow of impact of Lean Library on usage at his insti- Library: it enables the librarian to deliver the patron. For instance, rather than expecting tution with clear evidence that Lean Library seamless remote access, saving faculty and the student or researcher to sign into the library is saving academics time as they get to the students precious time. It also enables them to website, technology enables the library to get relevant materials for their research. get out clear messaging about the libraries role relevant content instantaneously, as delivered ATG: Can you both look into your crystal in bringing resources to patrons thus raising via Lean Library. balls and give us your forecast as to how you the profile of the library. And it can help the Our Lean Library product is a good see the market for learning resources evolv- end user find alternative routes to access the example of a technology solution that gets ing in the next few years? Where do you see resources that they are looking for, automating content into the researchers’ workflow. It not libraries fitting into that market? How about interlibrary loan, or suggesting OA materials only supports remote access, but also enables the individual scholar? where relevant. access to content directly via the web browser KP: I see the library as resilient and ATG: From your experience are these that the researcher uses, giving them smooth evolving in a fast-changing higher education non-content offerings changing the dynamic access to library content. environment and would predict that librarians among librarians, publishers, and scholars? will remain the information experts responsi- Do these more sophisticated products call An example of technology enabling chang- ble for enabling scholars and students access for changes and adjustments in the current ing business models is Adam Matthew’s to relevant materials. I think collection relationship among stakeholders? In short, Quartex platform. It constitutes a service development will remain important and tech- are they changing the traditional business to libraries, enabling them to easily display nology will grow in importance: to support model? If so, how? their special collections — without technical knowledge or recourse to IT teams — and make administration of the library, support efficient KP: I think the main change is that tech- available to academics, researchers, and the collection development, and contribute to the nology makes the stakeholders more connected public — material that previously may not have higher ed strategies in relation to both research and gives the publisher and library more visi- been accessible or easily searchable. and teaching. bility on the types of content that faculty and KS: I echo Karen’s point about increased KS: I see libraries engaging more actively connectivity. What’s also new and exciting for with reliable technology in ways that enable us is how these developments have encouraged learning resources to add even more value, us to develop a content-agnostic approach in and also with new models and content types, some of our offerings. Talis Aspire, Talis Ele- including open educational resources. I feel Op Ed — Epistemology vate, Lean Library and Quartex are all about we’re seeing libraries taking a stronger role in from page 37 software solutions that demonstrably make the student learning and student academic success, best use of the content that students or scholars especially as technology enables a more con- require from their libraries regardless of pub- nected experience across faculty, students and lisher, served up to them as readers wherever librarians. With these developments, I expect Endnotes they are. But these tools are able to go beyond individual scholars to have a better experience 1. Private email discussion list. June 25 offering content to providing an experience of finding trusted content and recognizing the role & 26, 2019. the task, be it learning or research, which can of their libraries in enabling that. 2. Elmore, Eric. “Re: Frustrating story on increase patron success. Times Higher Education.” Liblicense-L Dis- ATG: We’ve been asking some serious and cussion Forum. June 27, 2019. http://list- ATG: It also strikes us that such offerings important questions, but we’d like to end on serv.crl.edu/wa.exe?A2=ind1906&L=LIB- provide opportunities for libraries and pub- a lighter note. We were wondering how you LICENSE-L&P=73583 lishers to broaden their impact on the scholar- like to unwind and relax? What fun things 3. Roy, Michael D. “Re: Basic question ly community. Are you seeing evidence of that do you do when you can get away from the about Plan S, OSI, and universal OA.” The broadening impact? If so, how are scholars office and find some down time? Open Scholarship Initiative. December reacting to this increased role for librarians 18, 2018. KP: I have two addictive hobbies that I and publishers? love to follow when I have time. First, I love 4. Lewis, David W.; Roy, Mike and Skin- ner, Katherine. “The First Step Towards KS: We are certainly seeing evidence of watching contemporary dance; I have a local a System of Open Digital Scholarly Com- opportunities to broaden library impact, be it theatre, Sadlers Wells, which shows the best munication Infrastructure.” In the Open. through higher levels of engagement with ma- contemporary dance in London. My next December 9, 2018. terials, new ways of enabling engagement, or visit will be for a dance performance which 5. IOI Leadership. “Invest in Open In- better ability to access data and analyze the use combines Flamenco and Jazz! It should be frastructure Launches.” Invest in Open of resources. For instance, Talis Elevate shows interesting. Infrastructure. May 14, 2019. https://in- how student anxiety around class engagement vestinopen.org/2019/05/14/ioi-launch.html My other love is football (or soccer as you with scholarly material can be mitigated call it in the U.S.). I am a season ticket holder 6. “Invest in Open Infrastructure: A con- through anonymization of class comments, and cept.” Version 0.2. Invest in Open Infra- at Arsenal (a top football team in England). I structure. n.d. https://investinopen.org/ how faculty members can position their course love following the team’s performance, the docs/statement0.2 organization in ways that are responsive to stu- stadium is spectacular and it’s great just sitting 7. Girard, Sara. “CHORUS Forms dent engagement. Talis’s Insight conferences out in the fresh air watching the drama of a Academic Advisory Working Group.” tend to be filled with different institutional case match. Right now I’m enjoying watching the CHORUS. June 6, 2019. https://www. studies on the impact of the product on wider women’s world cup and I’m looking forward to chorusaccess.org/chorus-forms-academ- university strategies and in particular on the the football league starting up again in August! ic-advisory-working-group/ teaching and learning provision (most videos KS: My hobby is swimming; I’ve always 8. International Association of STM Pub- of these sessions are freely available on the enjoyed the sensation of being in the water, lishers. https://www.stm-assoc.org/ Talis website: https://talis.com/). it makes me feel free. I’ve been challenging 9. Schonfeld, Roger C. “Invest in Open KP: It’s too soon to assess the complete Infrastructure: An Interview with Dan myself to improve my stroke technique re- Whaley.” The Scholarly Kitchen. June impact of these new technologies on scholar- cently, and even signed up for a few lessons 12, 2019. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet. ship. While Talis has years of experience that a month ago — and my tumble turn seems to org/2019/06/12/invest-open-infrastructure/ give a clear picture of their impact, for Lean be on the up! Library it is early days, but we are seeing real-

40 Against the Grain / September 2019 ATG Interviews Henry Owino Manager, Collection Acquisition Services, Qatar National Library (QNL) by Matthew Ismail (Director of Collection Development, Central Michigan University Library)

Interviewer’s Note: Since this inter- quickly realized that the undergraduate library view was conducted, Mr. Owino has taken diploma awarded from EASL was insufficient a new position at the University of New and I needed to upgrade to a degree either in England. — MI the same field or another area of study. I ap- plied to several institutions across the globe in search for a college that would recognize my ATG: Can you tell us a bit about where initial training and give some exemptions but you’ve worked during your career? also provide scholarship to undertake further HO: For over several years I have worked training. This was also the time of the mili- in mainly academic library environments in tary Government of Idi Amin in Uganda and Uganda, Australia, and United Arab Emirates. scholarships were extremely hard to come by. I am now on a major assignment at the Qatar Soon after Amin’s removal things changed and National Library (QNL) as Manager for I got a part sponsorship from the Government Collection Acquisition Services. My portfolio of Uganda to undertake a conversion course at QNL commenced with a broad oversight in Australia at RMIT University. I took the on Copyright and Licensing of information opportunity and while in Australia got a full resources. I was responsible for the acquisition sponsorship to finish the four years program; of print and electronic resources through firm after which I was to return to Uganda. I did ordering as well as blanket purchase programs and got a graduate fellowship at Makerere and gifts and donations. I am a graduate of University and for a year taught undergrad- RMIT University (Royal Melbourne In- uate students of librarianship at EASL while stitute of Technology), Melbourne, where I National Library Service commenced a Book awaiting an opportunity to undertake a mas- did my undergraduate and graduate studies in Mobile service and they used to stop in the ter’s program which was a prerequisite for Librarianship and Information Management. schools. My school was near the main road in appointment to full lecturer (professor). So a I also hold an MA from Loughborough the local trading center so we were able to take British Council sponsorship enabled me to go University, UK. The program at Loughbor- advantage and enroll with the mobile library to Loughborough to undertake the Masters’ in ough prepared me for teaching in library and but again you could only borrow one book Librarianship. I returned to EASL in Autumn information services programs. But my initial on each visit. Those were the longest months of 1986 and taught for a term. Towards the Librarianship training was at the East African of waiting as we often finished reading those end of the year our application for permanent School of Librarianship (EASL) at Makere- books quickly but had to wait for the return residence in Australia came through and we re University in Kampala, Uganda. of the grey Book Mobile. Sadly by 1966 the went through to Nairobi prepared to travel back ATG: Please tell us where you were born service stopped. You may ask how does this to Australia which we did in February of 1987. and where you grew up. relate to my becoming a librarian? I did not ATG: What brought you to Abu Dhabi? set out to be a librarian only due to my love for HO: The adventures of international HO: I was born in the village of Mwenge reading. I wanted to be a lawyer but couldn’t librarianship brought me to Abu Dhabi. A in the Tororo district of Eastern Uganda. I get into the law program at the only university friend alerted me to an advertisement seeking grew up and undertook my primary school for the country at the time. I then wanted to a librarian with collections and acquisitions ex- education not far from home. Then for high be a teacher and I did not get a place again due perience to support the development for a new school I attended the first four years in a boys to stiff competition and the sheer large number engineering library at the Petroleum Institute only school called Bukedi College Kachonga. of applicants. Now I was stuck and needed to in Abu Dhabi. I applied and got interviewed I then went on to do the last two years Higher do something, otherwise I was going to remain and at the time was told that I was over-qual- School Certificate in northern Uganda in a on the streets and not do anything beyond ified for the position. However, nearly a year co-ed school then called Boroboro Senior High School. But as I was visiting my uncle later they came back to me and advised that Secondary School (but since reverted to its in the capital city I happened to be reading the the responsibility had been expanded and original name of Dr. Obote College). But my newspaper and spotted an advertisement calling they would be keen to re-interview me for the growing up was very rural based until I was 15 for applicants with High School passes to join position. I agreed to go for the interview but years then left home for boarding High School. the EASL for a two year program to become a something really weird happened on my way I am the first son in a line of ten children (six librarian. The school was part of the national to Abu Dhabi. We checked into an Emirates sons and four daughters) raised up by parents University-Makerere but catered for all of flight at the Tullamarine airport in Melbourne who lived off subsistence agriculture. East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania and and sat ready to go and the plane was not mov- ATG: How did you decide to become a Uganda at the time and there were only ten ing. Half an hour later we were told the engine librarian? What was in your background that places for Ugandan students. I was amongst needed attention before we could go. An hour prepared you for it? the ten that got chosen in the 1974 intake and later they gave us dinner while we waited. Two that is how I ended up in the Library profession. HO: I might rightly describe myself as … hours later the flight was cancelled, and we Once enrolled in the course I sought to know an accidental librarian … But in my early were all put in buses to go to the Hilton Hotel. all I could about the profession and what I can school years once I had learned to read, I recall Now I was panicking. I had planned to arrive really do with the qualifications. the lack of story books. All we had were graded on a Saturday, rest and appear for the first day school texts plus a few supplementary readers ATG: When did you decide to immigrate of the interview which was a Sunday. But now which were in each classroom. You got to to Australia? I had to ring ahead on Friday, a public holiday read them only by permission and so a student HO: The story is long but needs to be told in the Gulf, to alert them that my flight was whose family was able to buy them books be- to understand how and when I went to Aus- cancelled. I sent an email and fortunately my came the friend of everyone. So we sometimes tralia. Following on my initial Librarianship contact received it and by this time I had an read the same books over and over. I recall training at EASL, I was appointed Assistant internal flight arranged for the next day to fly in my junior secondary classes the Uganda Librarian at the National Business College. I continued on page 42

Against the Grain / September 2019 41 and the public to promote lifelong learning and was a challenge and the Head of Cataloguing Interview — Henry Owino empower individuals and communities for a spent many hours on this and the only technical from page 41 better future.” challenge was …unblocking the Book Sorter In one sentence all I can say is it is a mas- whenever it got stuck. In all the companies to Perth in Western Australia and catch another terpiece and an outstanding outcome in every finished their task well ahead of time on 14th flight Saturday to reach Dubai then go to Abu aspect. The best so far and I believe that August 2017 with 609,251 books shelved in the Dhabi by road. I got into my hotel, showered everyone needs to make it a point to visit and general collection tiers and compact shelves. and changed then fronted for my first interview experience this space and the services. Of course, there are other parts of the QNL session barely awake. After two days in Abu ATG: What was your biggest challenge collection, namely the Heritage collection, that Dhabi I travelled on a very foggy April morning in readying the QNL for the official opening? were moved through another contractor as this to catch my flight back to Melbourne. There required even more specialized handling, but was a major accident and pile-up just half way HO: There were several aspects and per- all was finalized in time. to Dubai. I did not get held up but it is just part spectives in readying the QNL for the official opening. Some people felt more pressure ATG: Has the mission of the Qatar Na- of the adventures of international librarianship. tional Library changed over the years? I was offered the position and came back to towards the opening day, for others it was Petroleum Institute in June of 2008. Just for pressure applied from several years earlier. HO: The current Mission of QNL as information this university trained engineering From the perspective of collections, I would stated on the official site is… “to spread staff who then got absorbed to various oper- like to refer you to a paper presented at the 2016 knowledge, nurture imagination, cultivate ating companies attached to the Abu Dhabi Charleston Conference which gives a detailed creativity and preserve the nation’s heritage National Oil Company (ADNOC). description of the preparations and readying the for the future. ODC — Opening Day Collections. (Owino, ATG: To Doha? QNL will achieve its mission by creating Dudek, 2016.) and sustaining an intuitive and trusted infor- HO: Towards the end of 2012 we all read I was responsible for the Acquisition of mation environment in a culturally and tech- about the exciting development in Qatar and titles selected by both approval plans and firm nologically superior setting and by developing the establishment of the Qatar National orders. And once paid for the books were innovative programs and services.” Library. It was an attractive prospect and stored overseas as the library building was most library professionals felt that it would Previously QNL started as a project of the not ready and we did not, at that time, have an Qatar Foundation as a central library to serve be an honor and a privilege to be associated appropriate storage facility locally in Doha. with such a project of the century. So when the Qatar Foundation community. In April By late 2015 the central storage location in 2012, the project was renamed “Qatar National an opportunity availed itself, I applied and was Qatar became available and QNL was able interviewed for one of the technical services Library” whose mission was three pronged: to to commence making a significant use of the function as National Library, University and positions to Head the Acquisitions portfolio. state-of-the-art storage facility. Several large At the end of February 2013, I arrived in Doha Research Library and Metropolitan public containers of books (with several pallets) were library of the digital age (Medawar, Tabet, to commence work at the Qatar National shipped at various times through 2016. The Library (QNL). 2016). In 2017 in an interview for Insight I books were then delivered, and stored awaiting made the following comment “… We are all move to the new QNL very curious how the QNL will be received building. by the people of Qatar. It is our hope that Within Our Direc- this building will become a global center for torate of Content and information, knowledge and technology but Access the planned also will invigorate the imagination of the move of the materials people with the creative possibilities of good from the central QF design. Above all, it is a great pleasure to storage and shelving of work in such a multicultural and international the materials in the new environment, with all experienced librarians. building was undertaken It helps finding an inspiration to achieve goals, by the Director, Head of succeed in everyday work, and think creatively Access, Head of Cata- and finally to grow professionally.” I was not loguing and Head of Ac- wrong as today I come to the building on any Qatar National Library quisitions (myself) who day of the week — and it is completely full of worked through tenders very enthusiastic clients of all ages patronizing ATG: Tell us a bit about the Qatar Na- for the shelving companies to support the the services and enjoying the state of the art tional Library. project. In the end the move of the collection facilities. and shelving was done through a combination HO: The best description and highlight of ATG: How does your professional expe- of a British Shelving Company — Specialized the Qatar National Library is in the state- rience in the Middle East differ from that in Movers from Sheffield — a local company ment that sits on the official website… Qatar“ Australia? National Library acts as a steward of Qatar’s called Gulf Warehousing Company, (GWC national heritage by collecting, preserving Logistics) in short GWCL, and the Content HO: As I look back on the last ten years I and making available the country’s recorded and Access Service (Our own directorate) am challenged in the following arenas: history. In its role as a research library with a with a support crew employed for the shelving 1. I think of professional titles assigned preeminent heritage library, the Library fosters process. Our own in-house staff shelved the to trainees without the professional and promotes greater global insight into the Children’s and Teens’ Library collection of qualifications in the hope that they history and culture of the Gulf region. As a over 135,000 items in a period of one month will attain the necessary experience public library, we provide equal access for all between April and May 2017. or will eventually have formal qual- of Qatar’s residents to an environment that The Shelving Company and logistics staff ifications to match those titles. supports creativity, independent decision-mak- from GWCL in Doha did a splendid job. 2. “On the job training …” takes on a ing, and cultural development. Through all GWCL ensured the prompt delivery of pallets new meaning when you have a tight our functions, we provide leadership to the from QF warehouse while the Specialized deadline and an official opening country’s library and cultural heritage sector. Movers staff ensured the shelving progressed looming. You do everything in your The Library also supports Qatar’s transition as planned. Our challenge was keeping up the power to help the colleagues under from a reliance on natural resources to be- shelving company as they easily exceeded their your mentorship to get the best out- come a diversified and sustainable economy set target of 10,000 books a day! In the begin- come. by providing support to students, researchers, ning too the actual shelving plan for the tiers continued on page 43 42 Against the Grain / September 2019 Interview — Henry Owino from page 42

3. Having a fairly diverse cultural mix of qualified librarians from all con- tinents of the world calls for a lot of patience and a desire to learn from each other; being respectful; adapt- ing the experiences and skills and being able to fulfil the set objectives. 4. Professions have a way of being interpreted with a cultural twist and this tends to color interpretations, training and expectations both in Australia and more so in the recent two countries I have lived outside of Australia. I would not want to over-generalize my comparison between Australia and the Middle East. Both areas boast of having multi-cul- tures, but the significant decisions are taken at levels that identify with very specific cul- tural taints. In Australia it is Anglo-American influence while in the Middle East it is a selection of the best options sifted through a local cultural base. In today’s environment I dare say that the professional experience in the Middle East is exposed to a much wider influence from the many expatriates while the Australian is focused on the locally developed workforce with minimal international impact. Anyone coming to join the library profession in Australia acclimatizes to the Australian way while the Middle East picks from the best of the expatriates. ATG: How has the City of Doha changed in the years you’ve been there? HO: Doha has indeed transformed in the six years I have been here. A lot of work has gone into the roads and other infrastructure and Obituary — Amanda Lou Harmon there is a substantial change. I am sure that if one goes away for a year and returns to Doha Amanda Lou Harmon passed away July 19, 2019. She moved they will need to use a guide to find their way to Charlotte from Bradford, PA in 1970, bringing her beloved around the city and services. That is how fast horse “Pig” with her. During her early years in Charlotte she and significantly Doha has changed! was active in the area hunter/jumper horse community. Due ATG: You’ve lived in a few different coun- to her affection for her horse Pig, she amassed an extensive tries. Where do you consider home? collection of equine and porcine décor — pictures, figurines, HO: I have visited many countries; I have and especially pig Christmas ornaments. lived in a few but I would say home is the Amanda was a woman of varied interests. She liked sports, country where I have spent most of my time. particularly equestrian events, ice skating, the Olympics, and So let’s see — from least time to longest; Unit- UNCC 49er basketball. She held Charlotte Symphony season tickets for a number of ed Kingdom (Loughborough); United Arab years, attended theater around Charlotte on a regular basis, and had a special love for Emirates (Abu Dhabi); Qatar (Doha); Uganda Broadway musicals. Amanda always looked forward to her week at the beach with (my birth place) and longest is Australia. So, a group of friends, a trip she made on an annual basis for almost 40 years. She was definitely Australia is Home. an enthusiastic and appreciative dinner guest. Amanda held degrees from Syracuse University and UNC Charlotte. She retired from UNC Charlotte’s J. Murrey Atkins References Library in 2011 after 40 years of service. Most of that time was spent as Head of Acqui- Medawar, Katia and Tabet, Myrna. 2016. sitions at the Library, during which she led the department though many major changes Libraries in the State of Qatar: Current Situa- as automation took place. tion and Future Outlook. Journal of Library Administration 2016, 56:1, pp. 52-73. Amanda is survived by her niece, Cory Harmon Holst (Mark) of Castle Pines, CO, and nephews Scott Harmon of Palm Bay, FL, and Glenn Harmon of Acworth, GA. She Owino, Henry and Dudek, Katarzyna. was predeceased by her brother John O. Harmon, Jr. and her parents Bertha Redfield 2016. From the Concept to Results: A Case and John O. Harmon, Sr. She leaves behind many special friends and her cats Pearl Study on the Collection Development for the and Cosette. ODC — Opening Day Collection at Qatar National Library. Charleston Library Con- Burial will be in Bradford, PA at a later date. Donations may be made to the Charlotte ference 2016. (accessed 3/16/19). Humane Society, 2700 Toomey Ave., Charlotte, NC 28203. Online condolences may be shared through www.tallentfuneralservice.com. Published in Charlotte Observer on July 20, 2019.

Against the Grain / September 2019 43 ATG Interviews Jason Dewland and Yvonne Mery Associate Librarians, Research & Learning, University of Arizona by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: Jason and Yvonne, as librarian/ go who aren’t fitting into your company; they you had to form a company to bring it to market inventors and co-founders of the new start-up can really slow down the process, especially on your own, now TLA has a team of advisors Sidecar Learning, you all have created quite a in a small team. to support your efforts to launch a startup. If stir. Can you tell us about Sidecar Learning? ATG: What specific role did each of you the inventor chooses, they also support the in- How did you all come up with the idea? What play in founding the company? What are your ventor by finding companies that are interested does each of you find most compelling about current roles? How many people are current- in licensing the IP of the inventor, that way the Sidecar Learning? What has ly part of Sidecar Learning? inventor can maintain their focus on research been the most challenging How would you describe and discovery without needing to be distracted aspect of the project for each your business model? by commercial interests. of you? YM: At the beginning, YM: Tech Launch Arizona has been YM: I did not know we we both interviewed a lot of amazing. They have provided us with ex- had caused a stir, but glad to potential customers to better cellent advisors, helped us out in putting hear it. Sidecar Learning is understand their needs, their together pitches, and awarded us with an e-learning platform where process, and their pain points. development funds through their Asset De- you can create interactive, We also both worked on the velopment Program. They have also helped authentic tutorials using any software specifications. Ja- with our commercialization process and they web content from databases son has taken over software licensed us. to web pages to web forms. development management ATG: Evidently, the McGuire Program for The idea really came out of and many of the business as- Entrepreneurship and the UA Eller College of necessity. It grew out of the pects. I am more focused on Management were also involved. What can Guide on the Side, an open marketing, customer support, you tell us about the roles they played? How source tool, which was developed at the Uni- the user experience, and I act as the education did their efforts contribute to the project? versity of Arizona some years ago. It was a lead. Currently, it is Jason and myself and JD: I have been the liaison librarian for the great tool that won some national awards and Kevin McLaughlin, our lead advisor who has Eller College of Management since I began that Jason and I used with our students daily. been with us since day one. working at the University of Arizona in 2012. Unfortunately, our Library did not have the JD: We are both involved in every aspect of In 2013 or so I began working with the Mc- resources to make updates to it, add new fea- the company, but each of us has complimentary Guire Center for Entrepreneurship which tures, or host it for other libraries. Jason and I skills and each of us has our area of specialty is part of Eller. Just being in an environment still used it a lot and did not want to see it die, where we take the lead. We like Eller and McGuire ex- so we thought of different ways that we could are using the software as a poses you to entrepreneurial maintain it and improve upon it. We eventually service (SAAS) business thinking and provides a lot settled on developing a whole new product with model where individuals and of opportunities to learn. I our tech transfer office, Tech Launch Arizona, institutions pay a yearly sub- have been embedded in the and received a grant from them to create a new scription fee for access to the McGuire program for the product which turned into Sidecar Learning. platform. An individual can last four years and during I think the most interesting aspect of Side- go to www.sidecarlearning. that time period, I have taken car Learning is how easy it is to create tutorials. com and quickly sign up for the opportunity to not only I have been working with e-learning tools for a free trial or an individual teach competitive intelligence over a decade now and each year they become subscription that can be paid research but also learn and easier and easier to use, so I knew we needed monthly or by the year. Or pick the brains of the many something that a librarian could learn to use in an institution may choose accomplished entrepreneurs minutes. It is also incredibly interactive for the to set up an enterprise-wide who work there and have end user. Learners aren’t just watching how to subscription that is discount- graduated from there. There do something like using a database, but rather ed heavily and based off of the FTEs at the is a real sense of community and an ethos of they are learning as they are actually using it. institution. sharing. Many people at the McGuire Center That is authentic learning at its best. ATG: We understand that you all worked have provided us with valuable feedback and The most challenging part of starting Side- closely with another office at the University guidance throughout the process of building car Learning has been the software design and of Arizona campus called Tech Launch Ari- the platform. development process. We knew what features zona. Who are they? What services do they ATG: Is seems that entrepreneurship is we wanted but were never entirely sure if it offer the UA campus? What specific help did promoted on the UA campus, as well as the could be done with our limited budget. We had they provide in getting Sidecar Learning off UA library. Based on your experience at UA, a lot of help from some technology advisors the ground? what role do each of you think entrepreneur- along the way, but some did not really under- JD: Tech Launch Arizona was formed by ship could/should play in today’s academic stand e-learning nor the user experience, so we President Ann Weaver Hart with the goal of library? Do you all have any words of wisdom had to know when to take advice and when to supporting the University of Arizona’s inven- for other librarians that have a great idea they know that we knew better. So that was hard tors to bring their intellectual property to mar- would like to pursue? too, knowing when to trust our instincts even ket. The Tech Parks, Corporate Relations, Tech YM: With rising costs especially when though we were navigating uncharted waters. Transfer, and other resources were brought it comes to resources and shrinking budgets, JD: The time commitment. There is under one roof so that they could coordinate I think academic libraries can’t afford to not always something to improve and another and better support the IP at the University of consider entrepreneurship. At the onset of this person to talk to. Also, you need to let people Arizona. Before, if you invented something continued on page 45 44 Against the Grain / September 2019 ATG: It also appears to us that the situ- JD: We feel that we have a natural initial Interview — Dewland and Mery ation at the University of Arizona is unique. market with libraries and institutions of higher from page 44 Academe is often not supportive of new initia- education, and that is our focus to start. But we tive and entrepreneurial efforts. Why do you have talked to people in other industries who venture, Jason and I did not want to necessarily think the UofA is an exception to that rule? feel that this tool would be an excellent fit for develop a software program for commercial- JD: I don’t know what it is like at other their training needs as well. ization, but we realized it was the only way universities, but we have found a lot of sup- There are also opportunities for us to part- we could sustain the platform and enhance it. port from Tech Launch Arizona, the McGuire ner with established vendors. Users who have I think there are a lot of librarians and libraries Center for Entrepreneurship, Startup Tucson success initially using their resources are more doing some pretty innovative things that others here at the University of Arizona, and Tucson likely to return and use them again and this is outside of libraries and beyond academia would in general. I think that we are all looking for something that database providers, libraries, be interested in. My advice to other librarians new sources of revenue, and no, licensing and and educators all would like to see. The would be if they have a great idea, find a way startups are NOT going to fill the fiscal hole Sidecar platform allows learners to experience to pursue it and turn it into something bigger. that state institutions find themselves in due to success using academic research tools the first That may happen with a grant, with another unjustified budget cuts. It is still true; the best time and that makes them less likely to rely on department, or with a tech transfer office. But way to increase your city, state, or country’s the standard Google search. first, talk to your potential customers, to a lot GDP is to invest in education. An individual of them. Find out if your idea is something As far as funding is concerned, we have had with a BA (on average) will out earn a person that they truly need and listen to them. Ask the initial funding from Tech Launch Arizona. with just a high school degree by over a million the right questions, and more than anything, This funding allowed us to build the platform dollars over their lifetimes and the person with listen to what they have to say. and we have taken a license from the University a BA will have a better quality of life. For to be the sole vendor of the platform. We have JD: Yes, entrepreneurship is promoted at whatever reason this isn’t recognized in our talked to a number of people who are angel the UofA. I think that the lean startup toolkit budgets coming from the states and at the na- investors and venture capitalists who have provides a strong framework to experiment tional level, so here at the U of A it has pushed shown interest in investing in the company, and and to fail fast in an attempt to understand our us to look for novel ways to generate funding. we are moving forward in this manner to seek researchers and the public. It is a great tool Our institution from the last two presidents funding. But first, we want to get the platform to move away from the centralized decision down has been quite supportive, and in that out there, get more feedback, and see what type making and allow the people on the front lines we are fortunate. of interest there is. of libraries, the ones that know our users the best, to quickly recognize and respond to needs ATG: How has the library community ATG: What do you see as the future for that align with the strategic initiative of their responded to Sidecar Learning? Has any- Sidecar Learning? How do each of you see library. My only advice is to listen to your thing surprised either of you about how the the company evolving in the three years? users and to create something that they need community has responded? Five years? at the point of need. YM: We conducted a lot, a lot of interviews JD: There are a number of different paths ATG: Jason you just mentioned the “lean before we started designing the tool and when forward for the platform. We are really focused startup toolkit” and the concept of failing fast. we shared our ideas and later our prototype, we on making the tutorial creator’s life easier as Can you clarify? What is the “lean startup received an overwhelmingly positive response. well as the learners. So in the next three to five toolkit”? What does it mean to fail fast? Why Librarians loved Guide on the Side, but many years, we will be rolling out enhancements to is it beneficial? couldn’t use it because they couldn’t upload support those two goals. We are interested it on their servers. Others needed to track in building out the customer success side of JD: The lean startup tool kit originates student progress and Guide on the Side could our company so that creators will have a team from the Eric Ries book, The Lean Startup. not do that, and those are some the features supporting their efforts to educate their students You can watch his presentation on Google here: we built into Sidecar. What really surprised as well as providing frameworks that drive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEvKo- us was the response to creating a tool that was the learners’ curiosity and aid their retention 90qBns. The idea behind this book is to build subscription based. We had anticipated some of information. stuff that people want, not what you perceive negative reactions but got just the opposite. YM: I really see this as just the beginning. that they need and to do this with spending as One librarian we interviewed, told us “If you little money as possible. We have a lot more ideas for the platform can do this, please charge us.” and would like to expand beyond libraries to The idea behind failing fast is asking the ATG: The University of Nebraska — schools, companies, and anyone doing online people who are your potential customers if your Lincoln was your first customer. Can you training or learning. In three years we would idea/product/service solves a problem that they tell us how that relationship started? What like to have a bigger team including marketing are willing to pay for in some way. That can be do you think led the University of Nebraska and sales teams and an expert designer that with their money, their time, their efforts, but — Lincoln to Sidecar Learning? Have other understands the user experience. In five years, they must be willing to invest in your product. libraries expressed similar interest? it would be great to have the ability to offer the Traditionally, what you find with engineers is platform to K-12 teachers at no charge. that they are great at building things, but most YM: We had previously worked with one ATG: Spearheading a start-up firm like of the time they build things that nobody wants. of their librarians, Erica DeFrain, and knew Sidecar Learning — not to mention being Failing fast is an attempt to get the engineers she was a heavy user and fan of Guide on the fulltime librarians — demands a lot of out of the office and to use their great skills to Side. We interviewed some folks at Nebraska time and energy. When/if you get that rare build things that solve problems that people early on during our discovery process, and they moment of down time, what do each of you are willing to pay for. When you fail fast you helped us a great deal in understanding how enjoy doing? Do either of you have hobbies learn what people want without investing a lot they taught information literacy and what they or outside interests? of money. Research has shown that people who needed from an e-learning program. It was a write the most articles, invent the most things, natural fit. We have had a lot of interest from JD: I have two wonderful (most of the etc. are more likely to succeed; they also fail some Greater Western Library Alliance time) daughters and a partner that I try to spend the most. We must embrace this in libraries so libraries, some overseas libraries especially as much time as possible with. Aside from that we can create novel products and services Leiden University in the Netherlands, and reading, I love to cook, hike, and watch wres- that people need. We are lucky that we deal some smaller community college libraries. tling (collegiate & Olympic styles) and soccer. with people everyday who have real research ATG: Do you have a formal marketing YM: Downtime is quite hard to find. In needs because of this we can create beautiful strategy to expand the company? If so, can those rare moments, I like nothing better than products and services that solve real informa- you elaborate? Can you tell us a little bit hanging out with my amazing little girl and about your funding and operational budget? tion problems. continued on page 47

Against the Grain / September 2019 45 ATG Interviews Theodore Pappas Executive Editor and Chief Development Officer at Encyclopaedia Britannica by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: Mr. Pappas, please tell us a bit about day, 250 years later, in digital form. Britanni- your career path. How does one get to be the ca continued this pioneering spirit in the digital Executive Editor and Chief Development age, creating the first digital encyclopedia for Officer of one of the most legendary names LexisNexis in 1981, the first multimedia CD in publishing history? in 1989, and launching the first encyclopedia TP: My background is in history — Amer- on the Internet in 1994, seven years before ican and European, with a specialty in Russian Wikipedia. studies — and I’ve found that broad interests ATG: Encyclopaedia Britannica an- like these are well suited for a general encyclo- nounced the end of the print set in 2012 and pedia’s wide swath of coverage. Plus, I rou- is now digital. Can you explain the economic tinely read encyclopedias as a child — I loved model that has allowed Britannica to remain the serendipity that encyclopedias offer — so viable? What other factors have enabled you then working for one seemed like a natural fit to make the successful transition from print professionally, and very rewarding personally. to digital? ATG: Encyclopaedia Britannica re- TP: Britannica has long listened to con- cently celebrated its 250th anniversary and sumers and taken note of the kind of informa- both CNN (https://www.cnn.com/videos/ tion they want to receive, and so when readers world/2019/06/27/100-club-encyclopedia-bri- in the late 18th century began increasingly tannica.cnn) and CBS Sunday Morning have Tracy – Katharine Hepburn movie The Desk reading biographies for their information on done wonderful stories about it. How did Set, in which Hepburn plays the director of the world past and present, Britannica shocked these opportunities come about? What was an all-female reference library tasked with traditionalists by incorporating biographies in it like being the center of attention during a researching answers to a wide assortment of the encyclopedia. Though this novel type of nationally broadcast news program? What questions — the very task of the women of entry cost Britannica its editor, who resigned has the reaction been to this nationwide Britannica’s Library Research Service. in protest, Britannica’s owners had sagely exposure? Simply put, the department was a public discerned the way the marketing winds were TP: Britannica’s historic 250th anniver- relations bonanza, keeping the Britannica blowing, and the same holds true for Britanni- sary has generated a lot of attention around brand alive during the difficult days of the ca today — we deliver quality content, content the world, and both CBS Sunday Morning Great Depression and reflecting one of the the public wants, and in the manner the public and CNN have nicely reported on the occasion many ways that Britannica has met the pub- wants to receive it. with TV coverage. CNN incorporated its lic’s need for information through the centuries. Moreover, in the age of fake news and ram- coverage of Britannica in its “100 Club,” (see It reveals a truth about publishing that’s just as pant misinformation on the Internet, Britan- above link) which is a program dedicated to apt now: consumers need to be dealt with on nica’s value proposition as perhaps the largest companies 100 years and older and with global their terms, meaning information needs to be fact-checked, general-reference database in appeal. The response has been wonderful. delivered to them in the manner they desire. the world is only growing in importance. Our ATG: A number of fascinating facts were This is especially true today, in the digital age. encyclopedias, offered at differentiated read- disclosed during the CBS broadcast (https:// The “Whole-Set Club” is what I term those ing levels, along with a slew of supplemental www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2g4oXAtIlU), special folks who have read an entire Britanni- classroom tools and products, are now used but we were hoping that you could tell us more ca print set, and those hearty souls have includ- in schools in 88 countries, and our combined about two of our favorites — the “Answer ed famous writers such as George Bernard websites are generating more than five billion Girls” and the “Whole Set Club”? Shaw, who read everything in Britannica page views annually. TP: The “Answer Girls” refers to the all-fe- except the science articles, and C.S. Forester, ATG: How has the availability of free male Library Research Service that Britannica who supposedly read his Britannica print set online resources, in particular Wikipedia, created in 1936. Beginning that year, buyers of an astounding three times. He reportedly could impacted Encyclopaedia Britannica’s place the print set received 50 gummed coupons that read at a rate of 4,000 words per minute. in the information market? Why should entitled them to ask 50 questions of Britannica ATG: From your perspective, what are the researchers turn to Britannica rather than over a ten-year period. In return, the buyer most significant, landmark accomplishments Wikipedia? What do you offer that Wikipedia received a personalized report summarizing in Encyclopaedia Britannica’s publishing does not? the latest information on the topic they asked history? In what ways has Britannica most TP: Sites like Wikipedia, as well as many about, all researched and typed up by one of influenced the modern world of information blogs and social media sites, that offer an- Britannica’s “Answer Girls.” The women gathering and delivery? swers to questions of little critical importance were all college-educated, some with graduate TP: Encyclopaedia Britannica’s First (when you really don’t need to know for sure degrees, and at its height, the department had Edition (1768-71) was a marketing marvel, whether an answer is really completely right) 100 women issuing upwards of 150,000 reports offering both quick definitional information will likely always be popular. After all, their annually. This department was phenomenally as well as long academic treatises, all con- content is free and they’re fast, and there’s little successful, and newspapers and magazines like veniently packaged in a mere three volumes, consequence if they’re wrong. But consumers, Glamour routinely highlighted the department, in an easy-to-use A-Z format, with helpful including students and teachers, are growing often with headlines — reflecting, of course, cross-references and 160 detailed illustrations. increasingly savvy, and they no longer are the common perception of working women at It proved how successfully information could simply enamored with mere access to the that time — like “Brains, Beauty, and Britan- be commodified and mass communicated, and millions of words of undifferentiated content nica.” In fact, the department has long been it sowed the seeds of the publishing phenom- that search engines like Google deliver up in considered the inspiration for the 1957 Spencer enon called Britannica that continues to this continued on page 47 46 Against the Grain / September 2019 Interview — Theodore Pappas from page 46 Collecting to the Core — seconds. That’s why verified, reliable, curated Gegenwartsromane, Contemporary content like that offered by Britannica is only growing in importance in an age of fake news German-Language Novels and misinformation. That’s why an increasing number of companies (and the ministries of ed- by Heidi Madden (Librarian for Western European Studies, Duke University; ucation of countries around the world) want to Germanic Languages and Literature Subject Editor, Resources for College Libraries) partner with Britannica, because they realize the importance of reliable information and the companies that produce it. Column Editor: Anne Doherty (Resources for College Libraries Project Editor, ATG: However, you still do some print CHOICE/ACRL) publishing. We noticed that Britannica’s 250th anniversary collector’s edition — your final yearbook — is a print product. In fact, Column Editor’s Note: The “Collecting popular attention with her book Feuchtgebiete / you are listed as the author. Can you tell us to the Core” column highlights monographic Wetlands (2008), but she is not (yet) considered about that project? works that are essential to the academic li- a core author. Similarly, Jenny Erpenbeck (b. brary within a particular discipline, inspired 1967) had international success with Gehen, TP: We produce an occasional print by the Resources for College Libraries bib- ging, gegangen / Go, Went, Gone (2015), but product, here and there, but for all intents and liography (online at http://www.rclweb.net). has not (yet) received the volume of critical purposes we’re a 100 percent-digital company In each essay, subject specialists introduce attention that suggests a core author. There are today. Our special one-volume collector’s and explain the classic titles and topics that many metrics for ranking authors to help sift edition of Britannica — the Encyclopaedia continue to remain relevant to the undergrad- through the considerable number of candidates Britannica Anniversary Edition: 250 Years of uate curriculum and library collection. Dis- and some tools for researching authors and Excellence, 1768-2018 — was a print product their critical reception are discussed below. because it was the final edition of the print ciplinary trends may shift, but some classics never go out of style. — AD The third challenge is discovery. What yearbooks that we’ve published since 1938. tools can librarians use to get an overview of It was a pleasure and an honor to edit the final potential works and authors? Catalog search- edition in this hallowed tradition. uilding a core collection of contem- es in Worldcat are not helpful in identifying ATG: As you look into the future, what porary German-language novels, or contemporary novels and catalog records adjustments do you anticipate Encyclopaedia BGegenwartsromane, comes with unique certainly do not denote “this is a core author.” Britannica having to make going forward? challenges. There is a mismatch between a Take, for example, the translation of Arno Do you envision any new services or prod- library’s budget and the huge publication out- Geiger’s novel Der alte König in seinem Exil ucts? Where do you see Encyclopaedia put, so libraries often use core author lists as a / The Old King in His Exile (2011); it is cat- Britannica in the next few years? collection development tool. The term “core” aloged with subjects including Geiger, Arno; is a value judgement and any claims about TP: Britannica is thriving today, with Dementia; Older people — Germany. The the canon are debatable. How can a librarian products sold and used in 88 countries and con- Worldcat search German literature — 21st gain confidence in creating such an author list? tracts with companies and countries on every century — History and criticism can be used This article offers some context unique continent save Antarctica. And we’re moving to find literary histories, but to German studies, together with into the realm of voice-activated games and authoritative literary histo- a well-reasoned, sample core appliances, powered by artificial intelligence. ries, as we know them for author list. As Britannica has proven over 250 years, it’s established periods, have not the medium (print) that made our products One of the first chal- not yet been written for special, but rather our message and manner of lenges in building a col- the contemporary period. producing and delivering reliable, verifiable, lection profile is defining Literary historians struggle expert content. Our methods of publishing a time frame. What period with the tension between may have changed since 1768, but our mission is designated as “contempo- understanding the unfin- hasn’t. rary”? Some might interpret ished, evolving nature of contemporary literature as all a writer’s output and the living writers, others as new and desire to present an author’s emerging authors. The term may oeuvre and its organizing also refer to recently published novels on the principles within intellectual genealogies. market. In terms of building a collection pro- Another problem with literary histories and Interview — Dewland and Mery file, contemporary can also represent novels dictionaries is that critical reception and from page 45 that contextualize our understanding of the appreciation changes over time. The history present, the Gegenwart, and, as the sample list of the Kindlers Literatur Lexikon is a case in below will show, this means that the author 1 taking my dogs out for long walks. I also try to point. Its three editions illustrate the difficulty list may extend back in time. travel abroad as much as possible. Of course, with defining the “canon”: the first edition was even when traveling I seem to be working! The second challenge in collecting contem- seven volumes, the second edition was twenty porary literature is that it represents 25% of the volumes, and the third edition was seventeen ATG: Jason and Yvonne, thank you so publishing market in any given year, which volumes. The third edition of the print Kindler much for taking the time to talk to us. It’s makes it difficult to rightsize a library budget was published in 2009 and actually contains great to see librarians pursuing entrepreneur- for the overall German studies collection. The fewer entries than the second edition because ial efforts like Sidecar Learning. We wish you bestseller list is not useful because both the it focused on a canon wherein entries comply the best of luck. German literary scene and German studies with editors’ criteria for world literature. The JD: Thank you! We hope that your readers programs in the United States favor “serious” Kindler is an essential tool for literary research, will find our platform useful and we can’t wait literature — literature recognized through but the print publication is now ten years old to hear their feedback. prestigious literary prizes — over bestselling and while the online version is updated every YM: Thanks so much for the opportuni- “entertainment,” Unterhaltungsliteratur. For year, it is not expanded with new entries. ty! example, Charlotte Roche (b. 1978) gained continued on page 48

Against the Grain / September 2019 47 one of these author lists is different from the (1950), establishing himself as an important Collecting to the Core next one and the author list speaks to the insti- expressionist. Hermann Broch (1886-1951) from page 47 tution that created it as much as the canon. A never returned to Europe, but his novel Der librarian should feel empowered to create their Tod des Vergil / The Death of Virgil (1945) The best resources for identifying au- own list based on the RCL author headings, was published simultaneously in German and thors (and also for understanding the area’s on a Harrassowitz list, or other resources, but English at a key moment of history, right after scope) are two specialized databases usually scale it to their institutions’ research and cur- the war. Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970) only available at PhD-granting institutions: ricular goals. What follows is a sample author wrote the enduring bestseller Im Westen nichts Bibliographie der deutschen Sprach und Lit- list and accompanying narrative for collecting Neues / All Quiet on the Western Front (1929) eraturwissenschaft / Bibliography of German core contemporary German-language novels. and then reemerged with Arc de Triomphe / Linguistics and Literary Studies (BDSL) and Period concepts have a special significance Arch of Triumph (1946), although he never the Kritisches Lexikon zur deutschsprachigen for German and European literature because returned to Germany. Anna Seghers (1900- Gegenwartsliteratur / Critical Encyclopedia of the Nazi years, which restricted free artis- 1983) achieved fame in exile with her novel of Contemporary German-language Literature tic expression from 1933-1945 in Germany Das siebte Kreuz / The Seventh Cross (1942) 2-3 (KLG). The BDSL is an index of literary and occupied territories. For Germany, the and returned to communist East Berlin in 1947. criticism published from 1957 to the present, immediate post-war period was distinct from Her long writing career and critical attitude covering literature from the medieval to current the turbulent 1960s and the division of Ger- toward East Germany attributed to her work’s eras. For the recent past, the BDSL uses the many into the Federal Republic of Germany import beyond German reunification. A full periodization of 1914-1945; 1945-1989; and / Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) and the overview of the literary generation marked by 1990 to the present. BDSL includes hundreds German Democratic Republic (East Germany) emigration and exile is provided by the Deut- of individual author headings under each peri- / Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) ef- sche Nationalbibliothek / German National od, with over 1,800 author entries for the time fectively created two distinct literary universes Library in the exile collection “Deutsches period from 1990 to the present alone. The from 1949-1990. The period from 1989-90, Exilarchiv 1933-1945.”9 KLG is a bio-bibliography of contemporary defined by the fall of theBerlin Wall and Ger- Many writers born between 1900 and 1930 writers, defined as authors publishing after man reunification, is known asDie Wende and slowly emerged to define German-language 1945 to the present, and provides substantial everything since is simply post-1990. culture after 1945. Elias Canetti (1905-1994) bio-bibliographies for 750 authors. A more Because of this history, writers producing had his first success withDie Blendung / Auto- accessible resource for college librarians is work before 1933 still very much mattered in da-Fé (1935) and went on to write a celebrated the open access bibliography of contemporary post-war, post-1945 Europe. To include these three-volume memoir Die Gerettete Zunge German literature published by the Max Kade authors in a contemporary German literature / The Tongue Set Free (1977), Die Fackel Center for Contemporary German Liter- list helps identify new editions, translations, im Ohr. Lebensgeschichte 1921-1931 / The ature and the Olin Library at Washington critical editions, and publications of materials Torch in My Ear (1980), and Das Augenspiel. University in St. Louis. Currently produced previously not available, like letters and archi- Lebensgeschichte 1931-1937 / The Play of by Paul Michael Lützeler and Brian Vetruba, val materials. Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), the Eyes (1985), winning the Nobel Prize the center has published an issue of the Annual the author of Professor Unrat oder das Ende in 1981. Wolfgang Koeppen (1906-1996) Bibliography of the Special Contemporary eines Tyrannen / Small Town Tyrant (1904), never achieved fame during his lifetime, but German Literature Collection every year since a book made famous as the 1930 movie Der has since been acclaimed for his power of 1985.4 In 2017, Olin Library purchased 828 Blaue Engel / The Blue Angel, was politically observation and representation of the political volumes of contemporary “serious” German engaged in exile and had planned to return realities of post-war Germany in novels like literature, including contemporary novels. to East Germany in 1950, but died unexpect- Tauben im Gras / Pigeons on the Grass (1951) This bibliography provides a good measure for edly. Thomas Mann (1875-1955) rose to and Das Treibhaus / The Hothouse (1953). what a comprehensive budget would look like, fame with the novels Buddenbrooks: Verfall Max Frisch’s (1911-1991) dramatic work is although the average college library probably einer Familie / Buddenbrooks: The Decline defined by themes of guilt and responsibility, buys fewer German-language books than this of a Family (1901) and Der Zauberberg / The including his most appreciated novel Montauk for their entire German studies profile. Magic Mountain (1924), won the Nobel Prize (1975), a searing autobiographical exploration To face the collection challenges noted in 1929, went on to publish Doktor Faustus / of relationships and memory. Arno Schmidt above — scope, volume, discovery — and Doctor Faustus (1947), and then returned to (1914-1979) emerged as an experimental writer more, many libraries create a core author list, Switzerland in 1952 where he continued with with Leviathan (1949) and while his master- usually with less than 100 authors, to help autobiographical writings and shorter fiction piece Zettels Traum / Bottom’s Dream (1970) frame collection goals within budget con- until his death. Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), was not translated into English until 2016, straints. How does a librarian define a small the author of Demian (1919), Siddhartha Schmidt’s voluminous output established core author list in the face of such abundance (1922), and Steppenwolf (1927), was redis- him as a major presence in German literature. of choices? Different types of institutions covered by a new generation of readers after Peter Weiss (1916-1982) is a celebrated approach this challenge by developing lists winning the Nobel Prize in 1946. Robert playwright of works like Die Ermittlung / The aimed at their local users’ needs. University Walser (1878-1956) received praise for Jakob Investigation (1965), based on transcripts of programs in literature often provide reading von Gunten (1909), but had stopped writing the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials of 1963-1965, lists (the University of Trier has a well-de- around 1933 and had disappeared from public and his three-volume novel Die Ästhetik des signed list).5 Journals like Cicero offer best- life by 1945. He is now hailed as a leading Widerstands / The Aesthetics of Resistance seller and top 100 lists, such as Max A. Höfer’s figure of Swiss-German literature with an (1975-1981), a novel about antifascist resis- yearly list of 500 intellectuals to watch.6 This output so prolific that even though editions tance. Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973) list is accompanied by the ranking criteria, of his collected works were published in the experienced Nazi occupation in her hometown including a metric for whether an author is 1970s, new materials are still being discovered of Klagenfurt, Austria, and became an influen- trending higher or lower than the prior year. today. Alfred Döblin (1878-1957), the author tial public intellectual, poet, and writer after Specialized German-language book vendors of Berlin Alexanderplatz: Die Geschichte vom the war. Her novel Malina (1971) reflects the like Harrassowitz aggregate author metrics Franz Biberkopf / Alexanderplatz, Berlin: The early feminist debates. Walter Kempowski like the number of reviews, prestige of prizes Story of Franz Biberkopf (1929), returned to (1929-2007) is best known for a series of nine received, and more to aid library selection.7 Germany and served in the cultural affairs novels summarized by the publisher as Deut- The Resources for College Libraries (RCL) department in Baden-Baden, amongst many sche Chronik / German Chronicle (1971-1984), Germanic Languages and Literatures subject other public humanities activities. Gottfried but his many works and innovative projects still collection features a taxonomy of author head- Benn (1886-1956) wrote post-war poems receive so much attention that a Kempows- ings and a focus on identifying core works in Statische Gedichte / Static Poems (1948) and ki-Archiv was founded for this effort in 2007. 8 translation as well as in the original. Every an autobiography Doppelleben / Double Life continued on page 49 48 Against the Grain / September 2019 literature and film; new East German literature; lists are ever-evolving and seldom compre- Collecting to the Core after the postmodern; and politically-engaged hensive. Author lists, whether compiled by a from page 48 women writers. In addition to these broad department, a book vendor, or RCL, should be themes from the Gegenwartsliteratur volumes, used as a basis for evaluating what is relevant to For this cohort of post-1945 authors, one a review of literary genres like pop literature, support the local institutional needs. An author group of writers organized as “Gruppe 47” pop feminism, graphic novels, and national or list that is reviewed every year will help inform stands out. This group networked through intercultural identity (German, Austrian, Swiss, and shape the local collection. meetings and literary accolades, influencing the Afro-German, Turkish-German, Russian-Ger- trajectory of post-war literature. The group was man, Russian-Jewish-German, Eastern Eu- active from 1947-1967, though many members ropean, refugee, etc.) yields further authors Endnotes are productive even today. Some of the most to consider. With an author name in hand, 1. Arnold, Heinz Ludwig. Kindlers Liter- prominent authors associated with Gruppe 47 by browsing the BDSL index under Inhalt › atur Lexikon. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2009. whether as a core member or invited guest at an Klassifikation › 1990 bis zur Gegenwart › Zu 2. Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek annual meeting, like Paul Celan (1920-1970), einzelnen Autoren, librarians can quickly judge Frankfurt am Main. Bibliographie Der are: Ilse Aichinger (1921-2016); Ingeborg an emerging author by the critical reception. Deutschen Sprach- Und Literaturwissen- Bachmann; Heinrich Böll (1917-1985, Nobel A library trying to diversify or update their schaft. Frankfurt am Main, 2004-. Prize in 1972); Hans Magnus Enzensberger author list might consider adding some of the 3. Korte, Hermann, and Heinze Lud- (b. 1929); Günter Grass (1927-2015, Nobel following emerging writers to their profile: wig Arnold. Kritisches Lexikon Zur Prize in 1999); Peter Handke (b. 1942); Julia Franck (b. 1970); Judith Hermann (b. Deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur. München: Edition Text + Kritik, 1978-. Uwe Johnson (1934-1984); Siegfried Lenz 1970); Julya Rabinowich (b. 1970); Terézia (1926-2014); Martin Walser (b. 1927); Peter Mora (b. 1971); Kathrin Röggla (b. 1971); 4. Vetruba, Brian, Leon Wiese, and Paul Weiss; Gabriele Wohmann (1932-2015). Michael Lützeler. “Thirty-First Annual Lukas Bärfuss (b. 1971); Emma Braslavsky Bibliography 2017 (Contemporary German The generation of writers born in the (b. 1971); Selim Özdoğan (b. 1971); Nico Literature Collection).” University Librar- 1930s and 40s includes writers that came to Bleutge (b. 1972); Thomas Glavinic (b. ies Publications. 24. Accessed April 21, prominence in East Germany. East German 1972); Jan Böttcher (b. 1973); Que Du Luu 2019. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/ writers are usually studied as a phenomenon, (b. 1973); Juli Zeh (b. 1974); Jan Brandt lib_papers/24 not as canonical literature, with the exception (b. 1974); Daniel Kehlmann (b. 1975); Ben- 5. Universität Trier FB II - Germanistik. of writers who kept a critical distance and were jamin von Stuckrad-Barre (b. 1975); Jens “Trierer Leseliste. Neuere Deutsche Litera- disassociated with the DDR. Those authors Steiner (b. 1975); Clemens Meyer (b. 1977); turwissenschaft.” Accessed April 21, 2019. are included below, together with other au- https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb2/prof/ Xaver Bayer (b. 1977); Alina Bronsky (b. GER/NDL/NDL/Ndl_leseliste.pdf thors from this generation: Günter de Bruyn 1978); Arno Camenisch (b. 1978); Matthias (b.1926); Christa Wolf (1929-2011); Thomas 6. Höfer, Max A. “Ranking. Die 500 Nawrat (b. 1979); Judith Schalansky (b. Wichtigsten Deutschsprachigen Intellektuel- Bernhard (1931-1989); Gabriele Wohmann; 1980); Marjana Gaponenko (b. 1981); Lena len.” Cicero: Magazin Für Politische Kultur Peter Härtling (1933-2017); Uwe Timm Gorelik (b. 1981); Nora Bossong (b. 1982); 3 (2019): 17-29. (b. 1940); Barbara Frischmuth (b. 1941); Ann Cotten (b. 1982); Benjamin Lebert (b. 7. Harrassowitz. Accessed April 21, 2019. Wilhelm Genazino (1943-2018); Bernhard 1982); Nino Haratischwili (b. 1983); Olga https://www.harrassowitz.de Schlink (b. 1944); W. G. Sebald (1944-2001); Grjasnowa (b. 1984); Susanne Heinrich (b. 8. Resources for College Libraries. Ac- Christoph Hein (b. 1944); Elfriede Jelinek 1985); Sabrina Janesch (b.1985). cessed April 21, 2019. http://rclweb.net/ (b. 1946, Nobel Prize in 2004); Rafik Schami A typical contemporary German-language 9. Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. “Deutsch- (b. 1946); Bodo Kirchhoff (b. 1948); Pat- literature collection contains canonical authors, es Exilarchiv 1933-1945.” Accessed April rick Süskind (b.1949); Zsuzsanna Gahse emerging writers, diverse themes and author 21, 2019. https://www.dnb.de/EN/DEA/ dea_node.html (b. 1946); Emine Sevgi Özdamar (b. 1946); backgrounds, as well as the associated literary Barbara Honigmann (b. 1949). criticism, all bound by a fixed budget. An author 10. Gegenwartsliteratur: Ein German- Writers born in the 1950s and ’60s are still istisches Jahrbuch = a German Studies list can be an effective collection management Yearbook. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2002-. emerging as important contemporary authors, aid. Libraries may use one of the many exist- true to the adage that it takes 30 years of work * Editor’s note: Due to space, not all of ing author lists as a starting point, including the titles listed in the essay appear in the to become an overnight sensation. These au- the sample list above that identifies under 100 endnotes, though many are in the Resources thors include: Herta Müller (b. 1953, Nobel contemporary authors. It is important to under- for College Libraries database. The dates Prize in 2009); Josef Winkler (b. 1953); Rob- stand that because of the volume of output in listed in parentheticals within the essay note ert Menasse (b. 1954); Rainald Maria Goetz contemporary literature and the shifting nature the work’s German publication date. (b. 1954); Christoph Ransmayr (b. 1954); of appreciation towards authors or works, author Maxim Biller (b. 1960); Yōko Tawada (b. 1960); Zafer Şenocak (b. 1961); Feridun Zaimoǧlu (b. 1964); Thomas Hettche (b. 1964); Ferdinand von Schirach (b. 1964); Thomas Brussig (b. 1964); Christian Kracht (b. 1966); Navid Kermani (b.1967); Arno with Ivy Anderson and Gwen Evans. Here’s Geiger (b. 1968); Uwe Tellkamp (b. 1968); Rumors the URL to the video of the session https:// Melinda Nadj Abonji (b. 1968). from page 32 www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR4nf7zjEi0&- The generation of writers born in the feature=youtu.be. student perspective. Many of the articles will 1970s, ’80s, and beyond have not yet made So what has happened to Delta Think? it into the canon and translation is lagging, be open access on the ATG NewsChannel. www.against-the-grain.com/ And please use Lauren Kane has joined as CEO and Ann which means a further delay in appreciation Michael becomes Chair of the Board as part abroad. Researching authors around themes the hashtag#ATGDIGITALTEXTBOOKS to promote and access to the article! of Delta Think’s expansion. Delta Think in their fiction, or grouping authors around is a consulting and advisory firm focused on identities and experiences proves to be a fruit- Congratulate the grand Ann Michael for innovation and growth in scholarly commu- ful approach for authors born after 1970. An starting a new position as Chief Digital Officer nications. In this role, Ms. Kane will lead invaluable tool in this endeavor is the journal (CDO) at Public Library of Science (PLOS). Delta Think’s expansion as the organization Gegenwartsliteratur: Ein germanistisches Ann was a big hit during the 2018 Charleston increases its footprint as an expert advisor in Jahrbuch.10 It offers the following emerging Conference when as CEO of Delta Think scholarly communications and a trusted voice themes, together with author recommenda- she moderated a panel on “Data Expeditions: in the evolving dialogue on Open Access and tions: multicultural; Jewish-German; Berlin; Mining Data for Effective Decision-Making” Open Science. https://deltathink.com

Against the Grain / September 2019 49 Reader’s Roundup: Monographic Musings & Reference Reviews Column Editor: Corey Seeman (Director, Kresge Library Services, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan; Phone: 734-764-9969) Twitter @cseeman

Column Editor’s Note: So this much is clear to me. If you need In both the library field and in higher education (well and everything me to do something that I do not want to do, just reach out to Katina else), we are continually seeing reference to augmented (AR) and Strauch and have her ask me. I seem to be somewhat virtual reality (VR). But what does it really mean and unable to tell her no…. what can it really do? This is a question that many The reason I bring this up is that this column librarians have been asking right now. Luckily, there is a guide that can help navigate the reality of these is expanding. It was formerly just the Mono- new worlds. graphic Musings column in Against the Grain. But as of now, we have also included reference This book provides an introduction to aug- reviews in this column as well. So, I have de- mented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technolo- cided with this change in focus (or an expanded gies for academic librarians, archivists, and other one), maybe a change in title might be in order. information professionals. The editors include And so, it is with great pleasure that I introduce a variety of case studies meant to illustrate “in- you to the first Reader’s Roundup column. Hopefully, each column expensive and nontechnical ways to incorporate AR/VR into already will feature both library-focused works (in Monographic Musings) and existing endeavors.” While I wouldn’t say the book is “nontechnical” reference works (in Reference Reviews). I came up with this title to exactly, it does indeed provide inexpensive options for crowd pleasing show the combined reviews in a single location, but all I did was get AR/VR activities, with an emphasis on instruction and outreach. the song “Woody’s Roundup” from Toy Story 2 in my head! This book is edited by Jolanda-Pieta van Arnhem, a studio librarian Thanks to my great reviewers for getting items for this column. at the College of Charleston Libraries and coauthor of “Augmented Thanks to Julie Huskey, Jennifer Matthews, Katharine Swart, and Reality for Discovery and Instruction” for the Journal of Web Librar- ianship and Christine Elliott and Maria Rose, both of whom are my colleague from Kresge Library Services, Sally Ziph. information services librarians at the Citadel, the Military College of As a reminder, I have introduced a standard rating reference. South Carolina. Being a big fan of Ebert and Siskel (may they both rest in peace), I Augmented reality (AR) is defined as follows: “In its simplest form, loved the way that they presented a clear way to show if something marker AR uses printed markers and software/applications to recognize was worth watching. Roger Ebert used four stars (for his newspaper programmed objects when markers are viewed through a camera.” In reviews in the Chicago Sun Times) to let you know quickly if this is other words, marked images are superimposed over the viewer’s reality. something worth the time and money. So to that end, I have created A more sophisticated “markerless” example of AR is the very popular the ATG Reviewer Rating that would be used from book to book. I Pokemon Go, which uses “distinctive features, (physical edges, corners, came up with this rating to reflect our collaborative collections and textures) in the environment” as markers. Librarians using applications resource sharing means. I think it helps classify the importance of like Layar, Google Goggles, Wikitude, Aurasma, and Blippar can create these books. their own AR content and effects. • I need this book on my nightstand. (This book is so good, Virtual reality (VR), in comparison, “completely immerse(s) the that I want a copy close at hand when I am in bed.) user in a synthetic environment in which the real environment cannot be • I need this on my desk. (This book is so valuable, that I perceived.” The experience is heightened “by adding visual, auditory, want my own copy at my desk that I will share with no one.) and ... touch-based simulation, through means of headsets, earphones • I need this in my library. (I want to be able to get up from and specially designed gloves or controllers.” In other words, “AR my desk and grab this book off the shelf, if it’s not checked enhances and VR creates.” out.) Featured AR case studies in the book include the use of Aurasma to • I need this available somewhere in my shared network. (I create an interactive animated treasure hunt for students, an archives probably do not need this book, but it would be nice to get project in which students also used Aurasma to create exhibits for it with three to five days via my network catalog.) a library display, and the use of Blippar for an actual “Pokemon Go Augmented Reality (AR) Library Orientation.” VR projects include • I’ll use my money elsewhere. (Just not sure this is a useful the creation of a navigation tool for a campus library system and the use book for my library or my network.) of Video 360 to create a virtual reality library tour that students could If you would like to be a reviewer for Against the Grain, please explore using headsets. write me at . If you have a book you would Whereas VR is “sexy” and gets the attention of the media and ad- like to see reviewed in a future column, please also write me directly. ministrators alike, I found the AR examples provided in this work to be Happy reading and be nutty! — CS currently more useful for academic libraries. VR is not quite there yet as a practical choice for library instruction or outreach. For example, Arnhem, Jolanda-Pieta von, Christine Elliott and Marie Rose. one drawback with virtual reality is that the technology can create an unpleasant sensation of vertigo for some users. As one author suggests, Augmented and Virtual Reality in Libraries. Lanham, Mary- VR’s uses as a pedagogical tool for libraries are still evolving. land: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (A LITA Guide), 2018. 978-1-5381-0290-9 (Hardback), 248 pages. $95.00. 978-1-5381- Overall I found the book to be an excellent overview of AR/VR in 0291-6 (Paperback). $45.00. libraries, especially for instruction and outreach librarians who are inter- ested in creating dynamic experiences and learning objects for students. Reviewed by Sally Ziph (Business Reference Librarian and ATG Reviewer Rating: I need this in my library. (I want to be Instruction Coordinator, Kresge Library Services, Ross School of able to get up from my desk and grab this book off the shelf, if it’s not Business, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor) checked out.) continued on page 51

50 Against the Grain / September 2019 a wide variety of approaches to, and knowledge of, how a digital library Book Reviews may be built, developed or expanded as these resources become more from page 50 central to our users. For libraries that may be undertaking the journey towards building a digital library, a resource such as this book is one way to organize collective thoughts around such a project. MacKenzie, Alison and Lindsey Martin. Developing Digital This work is described as a ‘how-to-do it manual’ for building a Scholarship: Emerging Practices in Academic Libraries. digital library. Over the course of ten chapters that span the gamut of London: Facet Publishing, 2016. 9781783301102, “should you even build” a digital library to metadata formats to planning 184 pages. $49.95. for the future, an organization can easily follow the steps laid out by the authors to establish a repository. Since this is a second edition of Reviewed by Jennifer Matthews (Collection Strategy Librarian, this work, this edition takes into account cultural heritage organizations Rowan University) and their “desire to create and integrate digital library platforms into their identities.” (xi) While the field of Digital Scholarship is one of growing interest, This book is co-authored by Terry Reese, Jr. and Kyle Banerjee, varying approaches from scholar to scholar and differing takes from two leading figures in the digital library community. Terry Reese is the institution to institution means that one size cannot fit all. With such di- head of digital initiatives at The Ohio State University Libraries. He versity, it is difficult for libraries to establish one common set of answers is the author and creator of MarcEdit, a program used by many systems as to how digital scholarship should be practiced at their institution. For and cataloging librarians everywhere. Kyle Banerjee is the Digital many in the field the focus is on the skills and relationships that should Collections and Metadata Librarian at Oregon Health and Science be developed to make the scholarship flourish. University. He has been writing and planning software to support library systems migrations since 1996. With these strong backgrounds, Recognizing this diversity is one of the key aspects of this work, there is little wonder that this work possesses meticulous attention to a collection of ten articles curated by editors Alison MacKenzie and detail throughout. Lindsey Martin. Both editors hail from Edge Hill University (a public university in Ormskirk, England) where MacKenzie serves as the Dean One section of interest was about crowd-sourcing. Crowd-sourcing of Learning Services and Martin is the Assistant Head of Learning has become more popular in recent years as a way to outsource meta- Services. They are both quite active within the United Kingdom library data for collections through volunteer contributors yet, as Reese and community and that reflects in authors who participated in this book Banerjee point out, there are a number of issues that are often over- — with representation from United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and looked. For instance, how do you obtain volunteers or ensure quality the United States. The case studies provided give a variety of different of the contributions? Through thoughtful discussion the authors help perspectives, from a beginning center to an established one, on how organizations take an idea through all of the pros and cons that they digital scholarship has been approached across the world. may, or may not, have been aware of previously so that they can make Of particular note among these chapters is Tracy C. Bergstrom’s an informed decision. titled, “Digital Scholarship Centres: converging space and expertise.” As someone with good technical knowledge but not deep skills I She illustrates an out-of-the box approach that collocates librarians and appreciated the sections throughout the manual such as the one en- staff within the digital scholarship center at the University of Notre titled “Facilitating Third-Party Indexing” (179) which explained the Dame, Hesburgh Library. Bergstrom skillfully discusses the issues of difference between indexing methods in a way I could understand yet skills balance within the center, space usage, and technical infrastructure without so much jargon that I would get lost. I, personally, would not with a pertinent point made that “a digital scholarship center is perceived have known that there was such a difference in these indexes discussed as a potential sandbox environment.” (109) Bergstrom also discusses otherwise. Another example is the section on metadata formats as the the need for sustainability and the role that assessment plays to ensure authors patiently explain the difference between the many formats so that the center remains relevant to the institution. that an organization can make an informed choice on what will work Jennifer Bremner’s chapter, “Lean in the Library: building capacity best for their repository. by realigning staff and resources” is about using the lean business model The chapter on preparing for the future is also thought provoking. approach in academic librarianship. As Bremner states, “(l)ean principles While it discusses the increased move of library services to outsourced are about maximizing value in a process as a customer sees it.” (84) Her vendors it also talks about the history of libraries and what might be chapter on modifying library processes through the lens of the customer learned. Change is another topic that factors prominently. While none is intriguing but it lost some of its impact with the over usage of bulleted of this is surprising, to pull it together in this context and state this is lists. Bremner would present a list then explain that list with another “part of your planning process as well” is different since many organi- bulleted list which became difficult to read. The lean principles, however, zations only see the immediate “how do we get the doors open” piece. seem to have much value as they could apply towards libraries and digital I believe that this book has value, especially for those planning a scholarship centers as one of the measurable conclusions brought about at digital library for the first time, updating a digital library, or expanding Bremner’s library was to “establish and foster distinctive and purposeful an existing one. partnerships” (101), something that libraries can all strive towards. ATG Reviewer Rating: I need this in my library. (I want to be I found this book to be of value, particularly for those who may be able to get up from my desk and grab this book off the shelf, if it’s not evaluating (or re-evaluating) establishing a digital scholarship center checked out.) at their institution. ATG Reviewer Rating: I need this in my library. (I want to be able to get up from my desk and grab this book off the shelf, if it’s not Evans, Robert C., editor. Hamlet. (Critical Insights series) checked out.) Ipswich, Massachusetts: Salem Press, 2019. 9781642650266, 298 pages. $105.00 (hardback)

Reese, Terry and Kyle Banerjee. Building Digital Libraries: Reviewed by Julie Huskey (Head of Cataloging, Tennessee State a how-to-do-it manual for librarians. Chicago: ALA Ne- University, Nashville, Tenn.) al-Schumann, 2019. 9780838916353, 249 pates. $85.

Reviewed by Jennifer Matthews (Collection Strategy Librarian, There is no shortage of scholarship on William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, but students encountering it outside of lower-level survey Rowan University) courses may wish for supplemental works beyond the usual plot summaries and explanations of whether one should be, or not to be. The digital library has encompassed more of the traditional brick Like other volumes in the “Critical Insights” series, Hamlet provides and mortar library’s footprint these past few decades. Yet, there is still continued on page 52 Against the Grain / September 2019 51 The editor’s introduction gives an accessible overview of myth the- Book Reviews ory, while the set concludes with instructions for teaching mythology from page 51 in the classroom. Aimed at advanced high school students through college undergraduates, this encyclopedia may confuse younger stu- a collection of new essays on a major literary work. Evans’s volume dents when they encounter ancient Greek myths alongside the stories of includes fourteen essays, divided into “Critical contexts” (covering the currently-practiced religions, such as Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. essential approaches to the play) and “Critical readings” (which includes A Muslim student will likely find it puzzling to see the Prophet Mu- a broader variety of essays), as well as a few supplemental chapters, hammad (who lived c. 570–632 CE) in the same set as Zeus, whose such as an annotated bibliography of recent editions of the play. Editor actual existence, I assume, many would debate. Moreover, without Robert C. Evans is the J.B. Young Professor of English at Auburn the editor’s introduction or classroom instruction, a typical reader may University at Montgomery. not understand the editor’s consideration of both universalist and cul- Since Hamlet is among the most filmed of Shakespeare’s plays, ture-specific myth theory. adaptations, as well as reactions to them, feature heavily in these essays. As mentioned above, Gods and Goddesses accompanies three other Additionally, chapters emphasizing the psychoanalytic approach to the books in the Critical Approaches to Mythology series. So, a student play, not surprisingly, make up most of the remainder of the volume. researching the folklore behind Disney’s film Mulan might consult Two “self-interviews,” one with Evans and one with the University of Heroes and Heroines. For if you check the Gods and Goddesses index, Maryland’s Kent Cartwright, discuss each author’s favored approach- you won’t find the heroine there, except that she is. Neither Mulan es to the play, and will be helpful to both those new to serious study of nor Mulanshi are in the index, but Mulanshi has an entry in the Far Hamlet and to those new to teaching it. The most unusual contribution East sacred figures section. Likewise, if you can’t remember who was is Graham Holderness and Bryan Loughrey’s “Hamlet in Helmand,” human and who was divine, you’ll likely have difficulty finding the an analysis of the case of British Royal Marines Sergeant Alexander figures in Gods and Goddesses. Blackman, who was reported to have quoted Hamlet as he killed an Afghan insurgent. Then, there is the problem of alternative names. Demeter is in the index but not Ceres. Though, you’ll still find Artemis/Diana and All of the major characters are mentioned in multiple chapters, even the poet Vergil/Virgil. The eBook version could certainly help providing the undergraduate with a good start on research, and the with that issue, except that many gods and goddesses are transliterated generally extensive bibliographies supply leads to other, usually recent, into Roman characters and the eBook search function will not retrieve sources. The writing style is surprisingly consistent for a volume with results unless you use the proper diacritics. You won’t easily find the twelve contributors. While it is not an introduction to the play, nor a Korean myth Ch’ŏnjiwangbonp’uri in the eBook, and even a search comprehensive guide to research, this volume provides a worthwhile as simple as “Narayana” will not retrieve Nārāyaṇa. supplement for readers wishing more extensive study, as well as for undergraduate faculty. With unfamiliar gods and goddesses, it is typical for an encyclopedia ATG Reviewer Rating: I need this in my library. (I want to be to offer a pronunciation guide. Among the deities of the Americas, able to get up from my desk and grab this book off the shelf, if it’s not the entry for Chalchiuhtlicue includes a pronunciation, but look up checked out.) Huitzilopochtli, and you won’t see one. That is, until you realize Huitzilopochtli’s pronunciation was given five pages earlier within the second paragraph of Chalchiuhtlicue’s entry. Hyperlinks in the eBook Shally-Jensen, Michael, ed. Critical Survey of Mythology and might help with that, but there are none. Folklore: Gods and Goddesses. Ipswitch, MA: Salem Press, Reviews of other titles in the series compliment the maps and charts 2019. 9781642651164 (eBook), 9781642651157 (hardcover), indicating the mythological figures from particular regions. However, 1,048 pages. $295.00. this set’s “American Indian Nations” map is blurry and doesn’t correlate with its chart. For example, the chart lists Lakota gods, but the Lakota Reviewed by Katherine Swart (Collection Development tribe is not shown on the map. Ottawa is nearly illegible on map, but Librarian, Hekman Library, Calvin University) it doesn’t matter because the tribe is not on the chart. Looking at the eBook’s version of the map is no better, as it is also blurry and flipped sideways. A student comes to the reference desk and asks for information about In addition to the maps, the photo quality is often poor in the hard- creation myths. Wouldn’t it be great to hand them an encyclopedia that copy. A few sections include “Myth into Art” sidebars, but offer no includes a list of myths from around the world, short descriptions of the corresponding images. And, the black-and-white picture introducing deities involved, and a little cultural background about where the myths The Pacific section is both incomprehensible and has neither a caption originated? Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore: Gods and nor any reference in the text. Goddesses wants to be that book. Edited by Michael Shally-Jensen, a It will come as no surprise that I also found a few inconsistencies be- writer and editor with a PhD in cultural anthropology, this two-volume tween entries, irritating typos, and formatting errors both in the hardcopy set is the latest in Salem Press’s Critical Survey of Mythology and and replicated in the eBook. I suppose that this is simply not that book. Folklore series. Previous volumes include World Mythology; Heroes ATG Reviewer Rating: I’ll use my money elsewhere. (Just not sure and Heroines; and Love, Sexuality, and Desire. this is a useful book for my library or my network.) Organized by world regions, this set ambitiously covers deities from Greece; Rome; Norse, Celtic, and European traditions; the Americas; the Near East; the Far East; India; Egypt; Africa; and the Pacific. The 524 entries (all signed by their authors) include overviews of each culture and its literature; gods and goddesses; sacred places, figures, practices, and text; selected stories; and further reading.

52 Against the Grain / September 2019 Booklover — Liquidation Column Editor: Donna Jacobs (Retired, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425)

ne piece of historical truth inspired George Saunders to ask Taking one’s own life amounts to the question: “How do we live and love when we know that outwitting those who stand on guard Oeverything we love must end?” in his novel Lincoln in the Bardo. escaping deserting those who are left behind The newspapers of the day reported that President Lincoln repeatedly laughing up one’s sleeve visited the crypt of his recently deceased son Willie to hold the body and In this big Lager of life grieve. From this sensational and fantastic report, Saunders weaves a the neither-in-nor-out neither-forward-nor-back story using both historical fact from this time and voices from fictional dead characters. His structure of the story is unique and the reader is in this wretched world of lives held left with a wild interpretation of what happens in the bardo. It is quite in suspended animation where we grow decrepit a read and set the tone for my next Nobelist choice, Imre Kertész’s without time moving any further forward… Liquidation. The author was a random selection from the list of Nobel this is where I learned that to rebel is Literature Laureates because the novel’s title was delightfully intriguing. TO STAY ALIVE Sidebar — back to random since a systematic approach produced The great insubordination is the very dark story for my previous column. And yet death, rela- for us to live our lives to the end tionships, and horror are elements in Kertész’s Liquidation, too. and equally the big humiliation Maybe Saunders’ question is everywhere to be asked. that we owe ourselves Imre Kertész won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature “for writing The sole method of suicide that is worthy that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric of respect is to live arbitrariness of history.” He was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1929 to commit suicide amounts of Jewish parents. World War II broke out, and he was just 14 years to continuing life old when he found himself among the many Hungarian Jews sent to Auschwitz and then later to Buchenwald. He had the good fortunate starting anew every day to be liberated in 1945 and made the decision to return to Budapest, living anew every day graduate from school and pursue a career in journalism. Kertész dying anew every day discovered a much greater appreciation for his work once he moved to I don’t know how I should continue.” Germany and was living there when he became the first Hungarian to Kingbitter’s musing: win the Literature Nobel. “The fact is that in my nineteenth or twentieth year — it was Liquidation is not the first book about a search for a book that I the early sixties by then — a book came into my hands. I think have read from Nobel Laureates. Yet this story is part detective, part I mentioned this book earlier, though I shall not identify either introspective, part love story all entangled in the manuscript of a play title or author here, because names and the perceptions that ac- entitled “Liquidation — a Comedy in Three Acts” discovered by the crete to them have a different significance main character Kingbitter upon the death by suicide for everyone in every era. I knew about of his friend, Bee. Kingbitter successfully retrieves the existence of this book only from other the bulk of his friend’s papers but the “One” critical books, in the way that an astronomer infers manuscript that would “decipher the code name the existence of an unknown celestial body Auschwitz” is not among those he retrieves. The from the motion of other planets; yet in scenes and characters in the play deliver not only those days, the era of undiscoverable rea- insights into the post-Holocaust political and per- sons, it was not possible to get hold of it for sonal struggles of the characters in the book but some undiscoverable reason. I happened also foretells Bee’s course of action. Early in to be grinding through university at the the story Kingbitter is perusing the play and time; though I did not have much money, he reads a scene that nine years later plays out I staked it all on the venture, mobilizing exactly as Bee has written it. The publishing antiquarian booksellers, denying myself house where he and his colleagues, Kürti, meals in order to acquire an old edition. I Obláth, and Sarah (the other characters in then read the bulky volume in less than three the book and thus the play) — work is “to be days, sitting on a bench in the public garden of liquidated.” a city square, as spring was in the air outside while a “Kürti: The state is always the same. The constant, depressing gloom reigned within my sublet room. only reason it financed literature up till now was in order to liquidate it. I recall to this day the adventures of the imagination that I lived Giving state support to literature is the state’s sneaky way for the state through at the time while I read in the book that the Ninth Sym- liquidation of literature.” phony had been withdrawn. I felt privileged, like someone who The ultimate fate of this “One” critical manuscript was incineration had become privy to a secret reserved for few…..Still, I don’t by a trusted friend, the last wish of Bee. think it was that book which carried me into my fateful career. I I leave you with two excerpts from this story within a story, one finished reading it; then, like all the others, it gradually died down from a scene that does not make the final manuscript of the play, and within me under the dense, soft layers of my subsequent reading the other a musing of Kingbitter about a book he has read. matter. Masses of books, good and bad, of all sorts of genres are The scene: Bee and Kingbitter are seated at “a table tucked away dormant within me. Sentences, words, paragraphs, and lines of at the back of a café.” Bee is speaking about suicide to Kingbitter. poetry that, like restless subtenants, unexpectedly spring to life and wander solitarily about or at other times launch into a loud “Bee: Dying is easy chattering that I am unable to quell.” Life is one enormous concentration camp And this is why I am a booklover…. that God has established here on Earth for mankind and that man has refined yet further as an annihilation camp for his own kith

Against the Grain / September 2019 53 LEGAL ISSUES

Section Editors: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) Legally Speaking — The Complications of Open Educational Resources by Anthony Paganelli (Western Kentucky University)

ER began in 1994 through a National books, Ruth noted that the decrease in prices Based on these practices by the bookstores Science Foundation grant by James could be attributed to the increased usage of and publishers, students are seeking other OSpohrer that would create and develop OER. Regardless, the costs of textbooks are ways to obtain their class materials, which is a way to engage and share educational infor- issues for universities, students, libraries, and the primary purpose for the increased use of mation, which eventually led to the California publishers as several legal issues regarding OER. Universities are seeking the affordable State University’s creation of the MERLOT the prices of textbooks have reached the court textbooks and materials to not only assist organization that would provide reduced or systems. students with the financial burden of a college free online resources for higher education. For instance, the U.S. Supreme Court made education, but to increase retention and grad- Following the MERLOT project, the Uni- a decision regarding the First Sale Doctrine uation rates. Yet, several studies regarding versity of Georgia System, the Oklahoma of the U.S. Copyright Law Section 109 in student learning outcomes by students using State Regents of Higher Education, and the the Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons case, OER and commercial textbooks have varied University of North Carolina System joined which mentioned the price discrimination of results. Grimaldi, et al. reviewed numerous the California State University in a consor- textbooks internationally and the outcomes studies and concluded that the content of tium in 1999 to increase the collection. Other of reselling textbooks. In 2013, the Supreme OER and commercial textbooks did not differ. institutions began implementing other OER Court reviewed the matter of a graduate student Therefore, regardless of the books or materi- programs, such as Rice University’s OpenStax. from Thailand that attended school at Cornell als, students received pertinent and relevant Since the inception of the OER, the move- University and the University of Southern resources for course completion. ment has grown significantly in education. California. While in the United States, Kirt- However, providing OER can be complicat- According to Grimaldi, et al., the leading saeng imported textbooks from Thailand that ed, such as a collaboration with third parties. producer of OER textbooks OpenStax stated were similar to the textbooks published by Issues with third parties and affordable educa- that the “adoption of OER textbooks has saved John Wiley & Sons at a lower cost. He cre- tional resource providers has also been intro- students an estimated $500 million dollars ated a business that resold the books through duced to the courts, as noted in the lawsuit filed since 2012.” Ruth also noted that 2.2 million Ebay for profit. by Greater Minds against FedEx in March students saved approximately $177 million According to Einhorn, Wiley & Sons, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern with OpenStax’s textbooks in 2017, which they sold the textbooks in Thailand at lower District of New York, which Greater Minds 5,100 educational institutions are utilizing the prices than in the United States, which is a cited that FedEx violated copyright laws. resources that includes 48 percent of colleges general business practice, “because economic Greater Minds is a non-profit organization in the United States. conditions and demand for particular goods that provides educational resources through Open Educational Resources (OER) are vary across the globe, copyright owners have public licenses and Creative Commons, becoming more common at educational institu- a financial incentive to charge different prices which includes the reproduction of materials tions as budgets continue to decrease for educa- for copies of their works in different geographic for non-commercial uses. Greater Minds tion and students continue to struggle to afford regions.” Yet, the U.S. Supreme Court “re- noted that FedEx was reproducing materials educational textbooks and resources. The OER versed the Second Circuit to hold that the first in Michigan and New York for public schools movement continued in 2002 as a Massachu- sale doctrine extended to distributions of copies without paying royalties. setts Institute of Technology (MIT) initiative of copyrighted works originally and lawfully Greater Minds claimed that the school to provide open access to educational resources produced outside of U.S. borders.” districts paid FedEx to reproduce the copies for universities in developing countries. The The courts’ ruling had an impact on libraries for faculty and students, thereby the transaction United Nations Educational, Scientific, and and campus bookstores, because both utilize was for commercial use that FedEx made a Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was also the First Sale Doctrine. Libraries and museums profit by reproducing materials. The district involved in the OER movement and in 2002 import books and materials to lend to their pa- and the appellate courts both agreed that the defined OER as “The open provision of edu- trons. College campus bookstores, as well as non-exclusive public license agreement did cational resources, enabled by information and publishers would have an issue if the Supreme not prevent the school districts in utilizing a communication technologies, for consultation, Court had allowed publishers to prevent the third-party from reproducing the materials for use and adaptation by a community of users for resale of copyrighted books from international the school districts. noncommercial purposes.” sources. Einhorn noted a 2005 study by the While the courts’ decision was in favor of In addition to savings for the students, U.S. Government Accountability Office that FedEx, the lawsuit raised issues of how educa- Ruth added that the U.S. Department of campus bookstores “buy used books from tional institutions and third parties will need to Education’s National Center for Education students and wholesalers at purchase prices carefully contend with providing resources to Statistics stated that there was a decrease in that are 50% of the retail price of a new book, faculty and students based on public licensing textbook prices, which was the first time in and resell their purchases at 75% of retail. The agreements. For instance, the agreement with over 50 years. While there is no information store markup is then 50% above purchase price, Greater Minds and the school districts, stated regarding the reason for the decrease in text- or a profit margin from its shelf price of 33%.” continued on page 55

54 Against the Grain / September 2019 Despite these legal issues, legislatures have ny.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. Legally Speaking taken notice of the rising costs of higher edu- Last modified December 18, 2013. https:// from page 54 cation that includes the cost of textbooks and www.chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/ other materials needed for students to complete textbook-publishers-settle-suit-against-start- that the institutions had the right to “reproduce their degree programs. In 2018, Congress up-boundless/49107 and share,” however this also pertains to the approved a five million dollar pilot program to Bliss, T. J. and M. Smith. “A Brief History statement of sharing based on the statement, support funding for OER. On April 4, 2019, of Open Educational Resources.” In Open: “that requires permission under the Licensed the U.S. House of Representatives introduced The Philosophy and Practices that Are Rev- Rights.” Based on Greater Minds’ argument the H. R. 2107 Bill regarding OER, the bill is olutionizing Education and Science, edited the school districts acted as licensing agents known as the Affordable College Textbook by Jhangiani Rajiv S. and Biswas-Diener, between the copyright holders and FedEx. Act. The bill is designed “to expand the use Robert, 9-28. London: Ubiquity Press, 2017. Based on the court decision, the possibility of of open textbooks in order to achieve savings Cavanagh, Sean. “FedEx Targeted in further interpretation of public licensing may for students and improve textbook price in- become an issue in reproducing and providing Open Educational Resources Lawsuit.” Edu- formation.” The bill currently resides in the cation Week 36, no. 7 (2016): 13. materials. Committee of Health, Education, Labor, and Of course, a major issue of OER is between Pensions. D’Antoni, Susan. “Open Educational the publishers and several OER organizations Resources: Reviewing Initiatives and Issues.” According to the findings, students spend Open Learning 24, no. 1 (2009): 3-10. providing OER materials for students and an average of $1,240 annually on textbooks at educational institutions. In 2012, Pearson a public four-year university, due to an 82% Einhorn, M. “First Sale Rights at SCO- Education, Inc., Cengage Learning, Inc., increase in textbooks from 2002-2012. Fur- TUS: Regarding Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & and Bedford Freeman & Worth Publishing thermore, Congress addressed the issue of U.S. Sons.” Journal of the Copyright Society of the Group, LLC d/b/a Macmillan Higher Edu- taxpayers’ investment in education, by noting USA, 63, no. 2 (2016): 331-340. cation filed suit againstBoundless Learning, that the high costs of textbooks was a barrier Greater Minds v. FedEx Office and Print- Inc. based on copyright infringement. The for students obtaining a four-year degree and ing Services, Inc. 17-808 (2nd Cir. 2018). plaintiffs provide textbooks for higher educa- that the bill would allow for an efficient use of Justia Opinion Summary. (2018): https://law. tion, which in this case produced introductory funds in supporting OER. The findings also justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ textbooks for economics, biology, and psy- noted that OER could save billions annually. ca2/17-808/17-808-2018-03-21.html chology for college courses. The defendant, The bill is created to provide an Open Grimaldi, Phillip J., Debshila, Basu Boundless Learning, Inc., is an organization Textbook Grant Program. For those institu- Mallick, Andrew E. Waters, and Richard G. that provides electronic textbooks, which tions qualified, the grant program is designed Baraniuk. “Do Open Educational Resources includes textbooks for the three introductory “to support projects that expand the use of Improve Student Learning? Implications of college courses. open textbooks in order to achieve savings the Access Hypothesis.” PLoS One 14, no. 3. The plaintiffs claimed in the document filed for students while maintaining or improving (2019): 1-14. with the U.S. District Court for the Southern instruction and student learning outcomes.” Pearson Education, Inc., Cengage Learn- District of New York that Boundless Learn- In addition to the U.S. Congress, several states ing, Inc., and Bedford Freeman & Worth ing, Inc., “The Boundless textbooks copy the are already investing in OER, which will place Publishing Group, LLC d/b/a distinctive selection, arrangement, and presen- more pressure on textbook publishers to take Macmillan Higher Education v. tation of Plaintiffs’ textbooks, along with other legal actions regarding OER. Boundless Learning, Inc. and does original text, imagery, and protected expression Based on the OER movement, educational 1-10, US (2012). of Plaintiffs and their authors, all in violation of resources will begin to change drastically, espe- Ruth, David. “48 Percent of the Copyright Act.” In 2013, all parties came cially with the government initiatives to com- Colleges, 2.2 Million Students to a confidential settlement, whichBoundless bat the rising cost of textbooks and materials Using Free OpenStax Textbooks Learning, Inc. changed how the materials for not only higher education, but primary This Year.” Rice University News were produced and accessed. and secondary educational institutions, as and Media. Last modified Au- In this case, the issue is content used for well. The change will also complicate the gust 1, 2018. https://news.rice. the introductory type course was not the way publishers and authors create con- edu/2018/08/01/48-percent-of-col- major issue, because the content is basic and tent for education, which may involve leges-2-2-million-students-using-free- standard. However, the materials used in the copyright laws. openstax-textbooks-this-year/ OER were similar to the information provided Bibliography Weller, Martin. “Open Educational in the publishers’ works. Therefore, the in- Resources.” In the Battle for Open: How formation is primarily the same no matter the Biemiller, Lawerence. Openness Won and Why It Doesn’t Feel resource for certain subjects, yet the materials “Textbook Publishers Set- Like Victory, 67-88. London: Ubiquity Press, used to convey the subject content can be a tle Suit against Boundless, 2014. legal issue. Digital Startup Compa-

Cases of Note — Immoral Trademarks Column Editor: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus)

IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF (ATG April 2019, v.31#2) your esteemed col- Erik Brunetti pioneered an early brand of COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL umn editor and retired scholar will be allowed streetwear with the trademark FUCT. He says PROPERTY AND DIRECTOR, PATENT to say “I could see this coming.” the brand name is pronounced one letter after AND TRADEMARK OFFICE V. BRUNET- Matal struck down the Lanham Act’s bar the next: F-U-C-T. And of course, there is TI. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED on “disparaging” trademarks (the band called another way to read it as … ahem … profanity. STATES (June 24, 2019). “The Slants” if you recall) on the basis of Brunetti says it is an acronym for Friends U Following up from our insightful analysis viewpoint discrimination. Here we deal with Can’t Trust. He and a skateboarder pal founded of Matal v. Tam, 582 137 S.Ct. 1744 (2017) “immoral or scandalous” trademarks. continued on page 56

Against the Grain / September 2019 55 PTO determined FUCT to be totally vulgar defy it. The PTO has refused to register marks Cases of Note and unregistrable. They also did not care for expressing drug use and terrorism (positive) from page 55 images of “extreme misogyny, nihilism and and religion (negative). D.A.R.E. TO RESIST violence” on the apparel. DRUGS AND VIOLENCE (yes). BONG the company in a one-bedroom apartment in Going to their website, I’m having trouble HITS 4 JESUS (no). AGNUS DEI for safes Venice Beach, CA. They marketed through seeing this. Am I hardened by a coarse society and MADONNA for wine were refused regis- skateboarder magazines. It quickly became a to the point where I no longer recognize it? I tration. Also BABY AL QAEDA on t-shirts. market powerhouse and partnered via images see a $125 t-shirt emblazoned with a skull and The PTO knew they were on thin ice and with Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B.I.G., horned helmet. I see “Duct Tape It Can’t Fix argued the prohibition should be limited to and Kate Moss. Celebrities like Leonardo Stupid But It Can Muffle The Sound.” lewd, sexually explicit or profane marks. They DiCaprio, Rihanna, and Hailey Baldwin said the overbreadth in application by the PTO have been seen out and about in FUCT wear. It is very much slacker skateboarder attire. Or maybe something you’d see on meth-heads was not “substantial” relative to “the statute’s Cultural impact? If Rihanna doesn’t on Breaking Bad. plainly legitimate sweep.” convince you, in 1999, The Face magazine Hmm. Here’s “Cocaine Cool” with a crow The Court kind of shook its head at that named it one of the top forty iconic labels in leaning against a mound of flake. and said the PTO was trying to fashion a new fashion. And … Cornell University Library’s And two women wrestlers with statute. Once viewpoint bias is found, it’s Rare Book and Manuscript Collection has a bared breasts. all over. It would not compare permis- collection of FUCT clothing due to its cultural sible and impermissible applications significance. Brunetti sued, and the case made its way to the Supreme if Congress banned “offensive” or As he hit the big time, Brunetti wanted to Court on certiorari. “divisive” speech. register his trademark. In Tam, the Justices And the current mania about It is not essential to register a mark. It can all agreed that govern- “hate speech” really takes you be used in commerce and enforced against ment may not dis- down a rabbit hole. infringers. But registration is prima facie criminate against There are more evidence of validity and serves as constructive speech based on the immoral and scan- notice to infringers. ideas or opinions dalous ideas roam- 15 U.S.C. §1052(a) prohibits marks that it conveys. See ing the land than “[c]onsist of or comprise immoral or scan- Rosenberger v. Rector there are swearwords, dalous matter.” Historically, the Patent and and Visitors of Univ. of Va., 515 and the Lanham Act is Trademark Office (PTO) has asked whether U.S. 819, 829-830 (1995). Being able to trying to forbid them all. So, big a “substantial composite of the general public” present ideas which offend are a bedrock First violation of the First Amendment. would find the mark “shocking to the sense of Amendment principle. Viewpoint discrimina- And in celebration of their signal victo- truth, decency and propriety.” tion is a no-no. ry, there is an “I Fuct the Supreme Court” Of course, they don’t actually run surveys By the PTO’s interpretation, the Lanham t-shirt. or polls. They just pronounce. Perhaps they Act allows marks whose messages accord with have in-office pow-wows. society’s sense of decency, but not when they

Questions & Answers — Copyright Column Column Editor: Laura N. Gasaway (Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Law, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Phone: 919-962-2295; Fax: 919-962-1193) www.unc.edu/~unclng/gasaway.htm

QUESTION: A Texas school librarian posted them on the web with the trademarks QUESTION: A public librarian asks asks about a recent court decision in which and copyright notices removed. DynaStudy about copying book jackets for display or to be the Houston Independent School District presented evidence that the initial postings included in the library’s calendar of monthly was ordered to pay $9 million in damages for were reposted in various school districts across events. Is this permissible? copyright infringement. the state. ANSWER: Section 109(c) of the Copy- ANSWER: In a case that was little The 13-year-old company says that it pro- right permits the display of lawfully acquired publicized until the decision was rendered, vides supplemental materials that “fill the wide copyrighted works. So, if the library creates the Houston Independent School District gap between large textbook publishers and a display with original book jackets, there is (HISD) was found liable by a federal jury teacher-created materials. It has sold its prod- no problem. Reproducing those book jackets and ordered to pay $9.2 million in damages uct DynaNotes to more than 650 Texas school is another issue since it involves making a for allowing illicit copying and posting of the districts and a few others outside the state. copy of the book jacket. The artwork on the plaintiff DynaStudy’s copyrighted works. HISD rejected four offers of settlement in- book jacket is copyrighted, and the book pub- DynaStudy, a small Texas company, repeat- cluding one in 2016 for $250,000 but it decided lisher may not own the rights to it but instead edly warned the school district that its actions to proceed to trial. Both school districts and acquired only the right to use the art on book violated copyright laws and that the company attorneys for districts typically issue warnings jackets. In fact, the publisher may acquire the suffered lost sales and a devaluing of its work. to teachers about illicit copying of materials. right for reproduction on the jacket only for The company produces course notes with HISD officials have now added the hard cover book only. (Have you noticed reference guides for various subjects and training on copyright laws that paperback editions of a book often have grade levels throughout the year that is required annu- different cover art?) Making a copy of the along with study aids before unit ally for all employees book jacket is a reproduction for which per- tests and standardized assess- of the district. It is mission is required. However, there seem to ments. Some teachers in unclear whether the be no instances in which a copyright owner has the district had duplicated district will appeal complained about a library reproducing a book the materials and then the jury verdict. continued on page 57 56 Against the Grain / September 2019 several questions about databases. (1) Who is 106 rights are divisible, many people and Questions & Answers liable for the content in databases, the provid- companies may have exclusive licenses for a from page 56 er of the content or the distributor? (2) If the particular work. For example, someone may library acquires the database, what liability have the performance license while someone jacket for a display or to include in a calendar does it incur? (3) How is it determined what else has a license to reproduce the work in or newsletter. It is possible that publishers country’s law is used if a dispute arises? copies. would consider this to be advertising for their ANSWER: (1) It is the provider of the There is no government enforcement product and not object. content in the database that is responsible for agency. Owners or their exclusive licensees QUESTION: A university archivist re- the content, not the distributor. (2) A library’s may sue in federal court for infringement of ports that it owns a handwritten manuscript. access to a database is governed by a license the exclusive rights protected by copyright, If a staff member prepares a transcription, agreement, and the license spells out any and federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction who owns the rights? Is the transcription an liability incurred by the library. Typically, over copyright actions. If the action involves adaptation? libraries agree only to provide notice to its breach of a license agreement, that suit may ANSWER: A transcription of a manuscript user community to comply with the terms be brought in state court, however, since they is considered a reproduction of the work and of the license agreement and not to police its are contract actions as opposed to copyright. not an adaptation. A transcription merely puts users. Liability tends to be one of the license Most copyright litigation involves civil ac- the handwritten text into typed text. If the man- terms that libraries negotiate with the database tions in which the plaintiff is seeking monetary uscript were still under copyright, the author provider. (3) The license agreement usually damages for infringing the reproduction, dis- of the manuscript would own the copyright in contains a choice of law provision. Many of tribution, adaptation, performance or display the transcription, as well. If the manuscript is the database providers are located outside of rights (and for sound recordings, public per- in the public domain, then the transcription is the United States and will tend to name their formance by digital audio transmission) and/ also in the public domain. country for choice of law. State institutions or an injunction to stop the infringing activity. Assume that the work is still protected by likely are bound by state law that require dis- Such actions typically begin with a cease and copyright. Thus, what is done with transcrip- putes against state entities be litigated in that desist letter to the alleged infringer. There are tion is important. If it is made available to state under its laws. Libraries should negotiate also criminal actions that may be brought by individual researchers in lieu of the original this license term also since trying a case in a the federal government at the request of the manuscript, and, if the donor agreement per- foreign jurisdiction is difficult and expensive. copyright owner for willful infringing activities mits such access, there is no problem. Making QUESTION: An author asks how copy- for commercial gain such as counterfeiting or multiple copies or posting the transcription rights are enforced in this country and who similar activity. on the web would require permission of the can bring suit. There is a three-year statute of limitations copyright owner unless the donor agreement ANSWER: In the United States, copy- after the claim accrued for civil actions and already permits such copying. rights are enforced by copyright owners or by five years for criminal actions. QUESTION: A college librarian has their exclusive licensees. Because the section The Scholarly Publishing Scene — Bill Begell’s Legacy Column Editor: Myer Kutz (President, Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.)

or the first dozen years or so after I left vantage point (more on this below), you in- that author and editor names would outlast Wiley — I had been vice-president and variably laughed a lot, and it’s laughter that I publisher imprints Fgeneral manager, scientific and technical remember from that train ride. Indeed, humor, Bill’s academic and professional credentials publishing — I fielded annual phone calls from sometimes self-deprecating, often seemed to be exceeded mine. While I held MIT and RPI analysts who follow the fortunes of publishing Bill’s stock-in-trade. He would give a closing engineering degrees and had worked in the houses. I was a source for a perpetual question: summary at the end of Association of Amer- aerospace industry before writing pulp novels Would the Wiley family be amenable to selling ican Publishers’ Professional and Scholarly and biographies until I was recruited in 1976 their controlling interest in their eponymous Publishing Division annual conferences that as a Wiley acquisitions editor, Bill earned a company? My response to the question was brought the house down. He liked to recall the PhD, taught at Columbia, and was engineering another question: Would the family want their time he’d been introduced to an audience as director of the Heat Transfer Research Facility name attached to a long-lived and venerable in- the chairman of something or other. A man of there. His publishing career actually started stitution, or would they be satisfied with taking ample girth, Bill protested: “I’m not a chair, I’m in 1962, when an assignment for a U.S. Air the money and becoming very rich? a sofa.” “No you’re not,” an audience member Force intelligence project led to his co-found- While other industry insiders I knew who shouted, “you’re a love seat!” ing Scripta Technica, which specialized in were asked about the Wiley family’s intentions Bill owned the small, well-respected Hemi- translating engineering materials from foreign responded in favor of the take-the-money-and- sphere Press, which he’d founded in 1966. languages into English. run option, I stuck with the legacy option. I be- Hemisphere specialized in thermal science Later, we were both active in the American lieve that legacies are important to some people, and heat transfer monographs, in addition to Society of Mechanical Engineers. I chaired and my interactions with family members had engineering and biomedical journals. Hemi- the Publications Committee for a time in the convinced me that they were in that category sphere’s principal areas were key for me, as 1980s, and Bill was the long-time chair of and were likely to remain there. well, both as a Wiley acquisitions editor and Mechanical Engineering Magazine’s Editorial Now some publishing house owners may later as a division general manager, so Bill and I Advisory Board, where, as I recall, he managed look at their legacies independently of whether were gentlemanly competitors, not shying away with his affable style to make peace between the they keep or sell their firms. One owner I got from publishing successive works by an author magazine’s editorial staff and ASME members to know was Bill Begell, with whom I spent we both courted. (An Egyptian-American ac- who demanded that particular viewpoints be some pleasant times in the 1980s, mainly. I ademic, who produced very fine books, comes reflected in the magazine’s pages. fondly recall a Metroliner trip from New to mind.) When Bill sold his firm to Taylor Our life histories differed in a most funda- York to Washington, during which we talked & Francis in 1988, the legacy subject didn’t mental way. I was born in 1939 and grew up about some of Bill’s favorite non-publishing come up, at least not so far as I can remember. in the safety of a middle class Jewish family in topics. When you had the good fortune to be In any case, I may have been convinced at that Boston, far from the atrocities in Europe. Bill in Bill’s company, from my admittedly limited time, as an author and editor of my own books, continued on page 58

Against the Grain / September 2019 57 that, in Karen Frenkel’s formulation, “in order It “changed my mind, that some Germans were The Scholarly Publishing Scene to survive he must be utterly inconspicuous in not included in my hatred.” from page 57 some situations and outrageously visible in The memoir, which was written over a others.” I found the memoir, even though it period of almost 30 years and which Bill kept was born Wilhelm Beigel in 1927 in Vilna, then is sprinkled with the humor I remember about to himself until Karen Frenkel began to edit in Poland (now in Lithuania), where there was Bill, harrowing to read. Bill was the only mem- it, was completed shortly before his death in also safety in his Jewish family; his father was ber of his large family to survive the Holocaust, 2009, after a protracted illness at the age of 82. a Polish army officer and the family owned so I read with a sense of foreboding. For any While he left no family, there is a living legacy. the city’s largest hotel, where they lived. But reader who comes to Conspicuously Invisible There is Begell House, the publishing firm he in 1940, the Soviets seized control of Vilna, without knowing much about Bill, there is other started after selling Hemisphere to Taylor then the Germans invaded in June 1941 and terrible news at the end, where he tells about & Francis. And there is the William Begell established a ghetto a few months later Two the loss of his son, Freddie, to an illness at the Medal for Excellence in Thermal Science and years later, Bill’s father, who, with his military age of 36, the loss of his daughter, Alissa, to Engineering. It is awarded every four years background, became a member of the Jewish sickness in her mid-40s, and the death of his to an individual, or, in 1918, to a team of two police, was executed by the Latvian SS. The wife, Tusia, six months later. researchers, from among those selected to following year, Bill was sent to a labor camp When you close the book (if you can locate deliver Keynote Lectures at the International with his mother and maternal grandmother. a copy — not many copies are available, as far Heat Transfer Conference. As Bill would casually tell the story, de- as I can tell), you will understand that it was “I believe the only reason I was able to cades later, he escaped from the camp simply not written by a forgiving man. At the end, Bill withstand both tragedies and continue my life,” by walking out of it one day. You can read the makes clear he “hate[d] the Germans” because Bill says in Conspicuously Invisible, “was the complete story of the escape in Bill’s privately the Nazis had murdered the other 14 members fact that during the ghetto and camp times I published memoir, Conspicuously Invisible, of his family and he had been “orphaned.” developed a drive to survive regardless of the Wartime Memories of a Jewish Boy from Wilno, Years after the war, when he “first came to occurrences around me. It is obviously a very edited by technical journalist and documentary Frankfurt and Berlin they were in shambles and selfish attitude; nevertheless, it allowed me to filmmaker Karen A. Frenkel, whose mother Germans lingered around me as I sat in cafes continue my life, sad as it may be, without being was a close friend of Bill’s wife. Bill actually smoking cigarettes. They were waiting for surrounded by my closest family.” jumped down twenty feet from a window and the butts, but I would deliberately smash them And now, with his legacy, his life will con- was prevented from rescuing his mother and under my heel. That was my revenge.” Later, tinue without him. grandmother. however, Bill heard a speech by the German The memoir’s title derives from Bill’s Ambassador to Israel that recounted suffering learning, after the June 1941 German invasion, of German families at the hands of the Nazis.

And They Were There Reports of Meetings — 38th Annual Charleston Conference Column Editors: Ramune K. Kubilius (Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine) and Sever Bordeianu (Head, Print Resources Section, University Libraries, MSC05 3020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001; Phone: 505-277-2645; Fax: 505-277-9813) Issues in Book and Serial Acquisition, “Oh, Wind, if Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” Charleston Gaillard Center, Francis Marion Hotel, Embassy Suites Historic Downtown, and Courtyard Marriott Historic District — Charleston, SC, November 5-9, 2018 Charleston Conference Reports compiled by: Ramune K. Kubilius (Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

Column Editor’s Note: Thanks to all of the Charleston Confer- THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2018 ence attendees who agreed to write short reports highlighting sessions they attended at the 2018 Charleston Conference. Attempts were MORNING CONCURRENT SESSIONS made to provide a broad coverage of sessions, but there are always more sessions than there are reporters. Some presenters posted their Demonstrating Library ROI: Success Stories and Strategies to slides and handouts in the online conference schedule. Please visit Replicate in Your Library — Presented by Kristi Ward (SAGE the conference site, http://www.charlestonlibraryconference.com/, Publishing, moderator), Melvin Davis (Coastal Carolina University), and link to selected videos, interviews, as well as to blog reports Rebecca Fernandez (University of Texas at Tyler), Carol Tenopir written by Charleston Conference blogger, Donald Hawkins. The (University of Tennessee School of Information Sciences), and Nick 2018 Charleston Conference Proceedings will be published in 2019, Wooley (Northumbria University) — https://sched.co/GB4B in partnership with Purdue University Press: http://www.thepress. purdue.edu/series/charleston. Note: In an earlier program version, Kimberley Robles Smith was listed in lieu of Carol Tenopir. Smith did not present in this session. In this issue of ATG you will find the fourth installment of 2018

conference reports. The first three installments can be found inATG Reported by Nicole Eva (University of Lethbridge) v.31#1, February 2019, v.31#2, April 2019 and v.31#3, June 2019. We will continue to publish all of the reports received in upcoming print issues throughout the year. — RKK continued on page 59 58 Against the Grain / September 2019 use titles that are valuable to retain. In addition compact shelving will And They Were There be installed in Clemons Library, another campus library, to allow for from page 58 access to a browseable collection of approximately 500,000 titles which are anticipated to be in greater demand. Decisions about which items to In her brief introduction, moderator Ward shared a publisher initia- have available in Clemons were based on data including collection use, tive related to the session’s topic. SAGE is working on data evidence circulation rates of various subjects, and percentage of the collection metrics to help libraries tell their stories to university administrators. by subject. Different thresholds were applied for different subjects. Tenopir described the Representing Library Value project (http:// Important collections based on the history of UVA will also move to www.libvalue.org/home) she has been leading, which has a suite of tools Clemons. Community engagement has been a priority including open libraries can use to articulate value in a variety of areas. Davis stressed town meetings, user surveys, one-on-one meetings and a website for the ephemerality of library value; it’s a moving target, ranging from renovation information. Still, concerns about the collection from faculty size of collections, to gate counts, to programming. Fernandez and remain. Plans for future communication include increased liaison en- Wooley both mentioned the importance of matching the library vision gagement and in-context collection information included on the website. to the institution’s strategic plan in order to communicate the support the library provides to the institution. Fernandez suggested visualiz- ing the data in a way to best communicate with your audience, echoed Other Duties as Assigned: A Reexamination of Roles in by others who stressed tailoring the message to the stakeholder (i.e., Resource Acquisition and Management — Presented by Rachel an engineer vs. a classicist, who will be swayed by different figures/ Arkoosh (Pacific University) and Christine Fischer (UNC narratives). We can’t assume that the various stakeholders know what Greensboro) — https://sched.co/GB4I libraries do. An evidence-based narrative also has to emphasize how the library contributes to research success/output. Use champions (student/ Reported by Roger Cross (The University of North Carolina at faculty/alumni) to tell your story. Fernandez also mentioned the utility Pembroke) of having librarians on various campus-wide committees to bring the library voice to the table, in addition to keeping abreast of any changes This session focused on a trend in technical services, work that on campus and forming partnerships. traditionally was classified as paraprofessional is being done by MLS graduates. Typically these jobs, though becoming more complicated, Getting E-Books into Courses: How Libraries can Partner with centered on the routine processing of books. They generally are not Faculty to Ease the Textbook Affordability Crisis — Presented tenure-track and they lack faculty status. The major cause of this by Dave Comeaux (Louisiana State University), Kara Kroes increase of MLS graduates working as staff has been the economy. Li (EBSCO), and Jeanne Pavy (University of New Orleans) — MLS graduates face an economy that has been weak, with a surplus of https://sched.co/GB4E capable and qualified people competing for available jobs. The result is more librarians moving into entry-level paraprofessional positions. Reported by Martha Smith (Winthrop University) The results of over 600 survey responses, from librarians and staff, show the majority saw this development as acceptable, if not ideal. Overall, opinions in the survey ranged from viewing the hiring of MLS graduates to paraprofessional positions as exploitive to accepting the Affordable learning and OERs (Open Educational Resources) have development simply as a matter of financial survival. A staff position become significant issues for colleges and universities. At many insti- can be the stepping stone to a better position for some, but that also tutions, libraries are involved in helping faculty and students identify raises questions about the responsibility of a library to mentor these more affordable alternatives to traditional textbooks. In this session, staff members and adjusting their pay. Clearly technical services is Comeaux gave an overview of Louisiana State University’s (LSU’s) evolving and libraries may soon need to reevaluate their definitions and e-textbook program, and Pavy and Kroes Li discussed the EBSCO duties of these positions. Faculty Portal that has been developed for the LOUIS Consortium. At LSU, each semester the library receives a list of required texts from the bookstore, identifies what they already own and what needs to be Preparing Researchers for Publishing Success: How libraries purchased, and generates a website that students can browse or search are impacting outcomes — Presented by Beth Bernhardt for assigned texts. LSU has also constructed a portal to enable faculty (University of North Carolina—Greensboro), Kate McCready to search for DRM-free eBooks available from a variety of publishers, (University of Minnesota), George Stachokas (Auburn plus OERs. They can then notify the library to add the resource to the University), and Gwen Taylor (Wiley Researcher Academy, website or acquire it for a class. Through the LOUIS Consortium/ Wiley, moderator) — http://sched.co/GB4P EBSCO Faculty Portal, faculty can search for OER and DRM-free material, and request materials for purchase by their library. In general, Reported by Alicia Willson-Metzger (Christopher Newport these initiatives have been successful, but there is room for growth and improvement: faculty are often unaware of the options available for University) affordable learning materials; putting links to eBooks on course pages greatly increases the chances that students will find and use them; and This informative session outlined ways in which various libraries are eBook platform functionality can be confusing for users. providing opportunities for publishing training to their faculty members and graduate students. For instance, the UNCG Library provides access to Sage Research Methods, APA Style Center, Wiley Research Academy, Librarians are the enemies of scholarship! *Print collection the Chicago Manual of Style Online, and Zotero. Among other forms of management during a major renovation — Presented by Beth research assistance, faculty may apply for “time grants” from the library Blanton-Kent (University of Virginia), and Timothy Morton (personal consultation time with librarians). The library actively partners (University of Virginia) — https://sched.co/GB4F with other campus entities including the Teaching and Learning Center and the Office of Research and Engagement to assist faculty in their publishing Reported by Jeanne Cross (University of North Carolina endeavors. At the University of Minnesota, librarians co-author science Wilmington) articles, contributing literature reviews to faculty articles, and offer consul- tations with faculty to help them focus on their work, create manageable The Alderman Renovations Collection Team is leading the project projects, and to develop an awareness of scholarly communication topics to assess and relocate all collections of the library in anticipation of a such as predatory publishing and OER. Auburn University is examining one-phase renovation of the main library at the University of Virginia. ways to provide more resources to faculty, while reducing costs. They A near site shelving facility with reading room and scanning facilities are creating teams to liaise with new interdisciplinary subject areas, and will host most of the collection. This research collection will contain low continued on page 60 Against the Grain / September 2019 59 Moderator Gudenas introduced the sponsored but no holds barred And They Were There session. Wendy Bahnsen of Rittenhouse, sponsor of the boxed lunch, from page 59 gave brief greetings. Kubilius highlighted trends observed since the 2017 conference are considering new analytics. This was a helpful session providing a (handout is attached in the schedule: https://sched.co/GB2n), and moved wide array of techniques for assisting campus authors. on to describe a 21 question survey she and two co-authors conducted December 2017-January 2018 of medical institutional repositories (IRs) Seasons of Change: Digital Preservation in an Ever-Changing in AAHSL (Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries). The survey response rate was 41.7%: 16 % of respondents do not even have Digital Environment — Presented by Robert Boissy (Springer IRs; 40% manage their own IRs. Content varies (theses & dissertations Nature), Shannon Keller (New York Public Library), and predominate; 3 respondents each reported all original content or none). Heather Staines (Hypothes.is) — https://sched.co/GB4G Many institutions have IR managers; library staff are involved in IR work; collections staff do not predominate. (An article more compre- Reported by Mallory Kasinec (Boston University, Fineman & hensively describing survey findings is in progress.) Pappas Law Libraries) Watkinson shared medical participants’ responses from a three year (2015-2018) longitudinal study, “Early Career Researchers: the The NASIG Digital Preservation Task Force was created to raise harbingers of change?” conducted by CIBER, commissioned by the awareness, deliver best practices, and educate a wider range of information Publishing Research Consortium. There are differences in U.S. and professionals about digital preservation. In this session, it was reported international early career researchers under age 35 regarding support, that the team has successfully created three preservation guides, and will knowledge, or attitudes about libraries and publishers. Many have soon be releasing official results of a survey designed to get an idea of knowledge, awareness or interest in OA, sharing, transparency, and how NASIG can facilitate and support digital preservation efforts. social media, but feel that for their careers, they need Early survey findings suggest that while libraries used to be the to follow the rules of their academies. (Year 1 and main entity in charge of preservation, in the digital arena that is 2 reports are in the PRC site: http://publishin- not so; uncertainty as to who is in charge of digital preservation gresearchconsortium.com/). indicates a need for libraries, publishers, consortia, and authors Felts highlighted the RA21 (Resource to collaborate. Another major takeaway from the survey was Access for the 21st century, https://ra21.org) that while financial concerns are the number one barrier to initiative. IP authentication has been in place expanding digital preservation initiatives, institutional priori- since the 1970s, but an IP address doesn’t ties may need to be addressed simultaneously or beforehand in uniquely identify users, resulting in publisher order to garner institutional buy-in. The panelists also touched on shutdowns of sites when “bad actors” are at LOCKSS, CLOCKSS, Portico, and the Keepers Registry from pub- play. Libraries mismanage IP registrations and IP Registry (Publisher lisher (preservation) and library (access and use) points of view. A lively Solutions International) is one initiative to better manage this area. discussion of pre-arranged and audience questions closed out the session. Will RA21 meet its goals to improve remote access, improve usability, provide personalization, and a secure, single-sign on solution? That remains to be seen. On the Winds of Change- Repositories, Researchers and During discussion, Felts mentioned a higher privacy threshold in Technologies (the 18th Health Sciences Lively Lunchtime health and that resonated with the audience: one participant raised clin- Discussion) — Presented by John Felts (Carolina Coastal Uni- ical tool access challenges, and Ralph Youngen (American Chemical versity), Jean Gudenas (Medical University of South Carolina, Society), co-chair of the RA21 Steering Committee, mentioned the moderator), Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, importance of having a medical community focus group. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center), and Anthony Watkinson (CIBER Research) — https://sched.co/GB2n

Note: This sponsored session took place off-site and registration That’s all the reports we have room for in this issue. Watch for more reports from the 2018 Charleston Conference in upcoming was requested, but was open to all. issues of Against the Grain. Presentation material (PowerPoint Reported by Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, slides, handouts) and taped session links from many of the 2018 Galter Health Sciences Library ) sessions are available online. Visit the Conference Website at www. charlestonlibraryconference.com. — KS

Marketing Touchpoints — Putting Marketing Planning in its Place Column Editor: Jill Heinze (Director, User Experience, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Phone: 434-243-1368)

hen it comes to any sort of large-scale planning exercise, Despite my penchant for planning, I recognize it can become too there seem to be two kinds of people: Those who recoil in much of a good thing. Like yours, my work queue is awash with Whorror at the mere prospect of planning detracting from their tasks that just need to get done quickly, and one can only anticipate “real work,” and those who eagerly welcome the process with their but so much even with a meticulously constructed plan. It’s under- fresh packs of sticky notes, markers, and flip charts. I confess that I standable, then, if the prospect of adding a marketing plan on top of fall into the latter Planning Enthusiast camp. I work best when I can a strategic plan, departmental goals, and performance plans seems connect my regular tasks to more encompassing goals, and I thoroughly unnecessarily onerous. The perceived overhead may also partially enjoy stepping back to reflect on the bigger picture. (It’s a special treat explain why so few academic libraries appear to have written and for me when someone throws a couple of two-by-two matrices into a enacted marketing plans. strategy session!) continued on page 61

60 Against the Grain / September 2019 Why Marketing Planning Fails Marketing Touchpoints You may be asking, if marketing plans are so helpful, why doesn’t from page 60 everyone use them? The marketing literature yields some insights into these planning pitfalls, the sources of which have changed over time. However, if you’re missing a marketing plan, you’re missing a useful According to a literature review by Simkin, hostility to marketing and bridge between high-level strategy and daily decision-making. Estab- lack of senior-level buy-in seem to be declining in organizations.4 In- lishing this connection can be efficient and painless when you know stead, the most formidable barrier is insufficient internal communication how it fits within the planning landscape and how it can be leveraged about marketing goals. As Simkin asserts, “Information and debate to turn lofty ideals into practical realities. are central to effective marketing analysis, strategic thought, program What’s So Great About Marketing Plans development and implementation. [Marketing] recommendations must be clearly conveyed and readily actioned. Good communication Marketing plans fit within the sweet spot between strategic plans 5 and their resulting tactical action plans. I won’t go into painstaking is pivotal to this process.” Another common shortcoming according to this research, is the lack of non-marketing personnel in the planning detail about marketing plan components in this article, but there is an 6 abundance of resources on the topic.1 These core elements may vary process. Their considerable on-the-ground knowledge is indispensable slightly depending on which template you use, but they generally consist for effective planning and timely understanding of customers’ needs. of the following: Other research by Sashittal and Jassawalla focused on small and • Business summary: Often this includes a SWOT Analysis, midsize industrial firms. These smaller firms are characterized by their mission statement, major initiatives, and sometimes and habit of on-the-fly decision-making and little formal planning. In these environmental scan firms, marketing can fail to take hold when the dual needs to plan and improvise are unbalanced. As the authors observed, “Entirely emergent • Target market description: Details about the people you strategies without clear anchors to the deliberate strategy leave the firm intend to use your services directionless and in a constant firefighting mode. On the other hand, • Marketing mix elements: The variables marketers can we find that strict adherence to the deliberate strategy in changing en- control to make their service offerings useful to their target vironments tends to spell failure.”7 In addition, like Simkin, Sashittal markets, often referred to as the 7 P’s of service marketing2: and Jassawalla identified poor communication as problematic, “Very ° Product (service description) few marketing goals are accomplished unless managers can influence team and organizational members to take actions commensurate with ° Price (what is exchanged) the emerging plans and engage key market constituents.”8 ° Place (how the service is distributed) ° Promotion (communications plan) Anecdotally, I have hunches about why even the most enthusiastic marketers fail to see marketing planning through to fruition in their ° People (those who provide the service) Process (the steps in the process of service delivery) libraries. Paramount among these reasons is a historical and practical ° library tradition of favoring a production orientation over a market ° Physical evidence (the tangible aspects of the service) orientation. In other words, libraries tend to be structured according • Marketing goals: What you want your marketing efforts to to functional units that produce specific deliverables. For example, achieve much library work entails purchasing, cataloging, and making resources • Budget: Resources allocated to achieving goals available, as well as delivering instruction and research consultation services. Communications functions, where they exist, usually reside in While at first glance this list might appear overwhelming, it becomes their own unit. All of these activities intersect with each other to create less so when you consider each element as it relates to other planning user value, but they are often managed separately. Achieving a viable activities that many of us already do. If you have a strategic plan in marketing plan requires high-level leadership to recognize the ways in place, for example, you almost certainly have a solid grasp of your which independent functions interact to contribute to an overall service mission and your major goals, which represent the bulk of the business and end user value proposition. summary portion. Ideally, those goals were conceived with an under- standing of the broader environment, and the marketing plan gives you Improving the Odds of Marketing Planning Success an opportunity to articulate that knowledge. Likewise, we all have It’s true that taking on marketing planning means committing to some implicit or explicit ideas about the audiences we’re serving and another planning activity, which demands resources and sustained ef- the relative importance of their needs, which addresses the target market fort. The potential return on this investment is a more purposeful use of section. Putting those assumptions in a written plan ensures clarity and limited resources to earn users’ enthusiastic library support. Generating exposes any hidden assumptions about users that could derail your goals. a willingness to adopt marketing planning is not necessarily in easy The remaining items, primarily the marketing mix elements, are task, but it’s not impossible. Both the literature and my experience with the actionable links between planning and execution — they specify colleagues over time point to some prerequisites and tactics that can help in detail how you intend to realize your strategic plans and align your you give your marketing planning efforts the best chances of adoption: service activities with your missions. • Reframe the marketing planning exercise. Rather than To illustrate the utility of marketing planning, I’m borrowing from suggest adding another planning task, encourage colleagues the detailed, five-year strategic plan produced by the Portland State to think of marketing planning as a natural extension of the 3 University Library (PSUL). Per PSUL’s site, one of the library’s strategic planning process. Connecting the strategic and mar- goals is to, “Support student success with library services, collections, keting plans clarifies how individual teams can help achieve and spaces that meet students’ educational, research, and informational overarching library goals and could even substitute for other needs in equitable and inclusive ways.” The related Objective and Ac- unit-level planning exercises so that there is little or no net tion Item that support this goal are: “Objective 1.4: Continue to offer increase in planning time. excellent direct user interactions at service points in the Library. Action 1.4a: Assess, analyze, prioritize, and refine services.” Most likely, staff • Start with one service. Generally, it’s advisable to have a in the relevant units have adopted this mandate in various forms and marketing plan for each service offering, but to get started created sub-goals to achieve it. It’s in this act of translating the broad with a plan, try selecting one service as a pilot. This service strategic goals into concrete frontline actions where marketing plans should be closely linked to the strategic plan and accountabil- prove their worth. Using the PSUL example, a marketing plan would ities may span multiple units. Starting small will allow you help staff define and critically evaluate their primary user base, those us- to discover implementation blockers and how to overcome ers’ point-of-service needs, and how library services could be designed, them for larger-scale adoption. delivered, evaluated, and communicated to achieve ‘excellence’ in the • Talk the talk. Marketing plans often introduce a new vocab- minds of users. In this way, marketing plans are not isolated exercises, ulary and mindset among library staff. The idea of thinking but important extensions of strategic plans that orient an organization’s about planning in terms of target markets and the marketing activities around market-centered outcomes. continued on page 62 Against the Grain / September 2019 61 nothing else, use a marketing plan to prompt internal conversation, and Marketing Touchpoints you’re likely to find tremendous value and inspiration in viewing your from page 61 library services with a market-oriented perspective. mix can be alienating. When staff surface new ideas for services and communications, try prompting them to think through marketing details like defining their intended market Endnotes and articulating their market’s needs. You can invoke these 1. See the guided marketing template at http://www.ala.org/aboutala/ and other marketing concepts to instill them in your organi- sites/ala.org.aboutala/files/content/publishing/editions/webextras/ zation while using familiar, comfortable terms. fisher09096/Worksheet04.pdf. • Improve or establish internal communication channels. 2. For additional details and resources, see https://en.wikipedia.org/ Marketing literature clearly identifies the need for solid wiki/Marketing_mix#Modified_and_expanded_marketing_mix:_7_Ps. communications that span all levels in the organization. Does 3. https://library.pdx.edu/about/strategic-plan/ your library have the means to enable cross-unit conversations 4. Simkin, Lyndon. “Barriers Impeding Effective Implementation of throughout the hierarchy? Are staff able to easily share user Marketing Plans – A Training Agenda.” Journal of Business & Industrial needs they encounter to inform service improvements? If not, Marketing 17, no. 1 (2002): 9. try initiating some communication improvements to establish 5. Simkin, 14. this important prerequisite for marketing work. 6. Simkin, 15. In addition to more faithfully fulfilling the spirit and goals of a stra- 7. Sashittal, Hemant C. and Avan R. Jassawalla. “Marketing Im- tegic plan, I find that marketing conversations nearly always offer an plementation in Smaller Organizations: Definition, Framework, and opportunity to be more rigorous in my planning thought process. The Propositional Inventory.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science mere act of filling out a couple of sentences for each marketing plan 29, no. 1 (2001): 65. element surfaces questionable assumptions and logic problems that 8. Sashittal and Jassawalla, 61. should be reconciled, even if the plan never gets widely adopted. If

Optimizing Library Services — Food for Thought: Leveraging Library Services to Address Food Insecurity by Kymberly Goodson (Program Director for Spaces, Lending, & Access (SLA), University of California San Diego) and Rachel Conry (Circulation Services Manager, University of California San Diego) Column Editors: Caroline J. Campbell (Marketing Manager, IGI Global) and Lindsay Wertman (Managing Director, IGI Global) www.igi-global.com

Column Editors’ Note: This column fea- student community, each instance evolves in trator’s Digest, 2014, p. 5); and contributions tures IGI Global contributing author Kymber- response to observations and feedback. to Ethiopian relief (Simpson, 1984, p. 29) for ly Goodson, the Program Director for Spaces, Complementing the Library’s credit toward fines. Many libraries report posi- Lending, & Access at the University of Cal- myriad de-stress and wellness tive exposure for the library ifornia San Diego, USA, and her colleague activities, this campaign sup- and positive user response Rachel Conry, the Circulation Services ports students’ basic needs to such initiatives (Library Manager at the University of California San and raises awareness about Administrator’s Digest, Diego, USA. Ms. Goodson is a contributor to often hidden food scarcity 2010, p. 17-18). Op- and editor of the publication Incrementally issues on campus. Provid- ponents criticize such Building Community and User Engagement ing an incentive for library initiatives for reducing in the UC San Diego Library, and she is also users to give back to fellow an important source of a contributing author to Innovative Solu- students sets an example library income and as labor tions for Building Community in Academic for collaboration and generosity and encourages intensive activities not directly related to the Libraries, edited by Sheila Bonnand and students to consider alternatives to food waste, library’s primary mission (Library Administra- Mary Anne Hansen from Montana State both in the immediate and long terms. tor’s Digest, 2014, p. 5). University, USA.— CJC and LW With greater awareness of the growing Literature Review prevalence of food insecurity on college Food drives, often called Food for Fines, campuses, academic libraries have begun Introduction have long been popular in public libraries to tap into the opportunities this kind of In June 2018, the University of California across the nation for patron relations and reten- programming affords. See examples in the (UC), San Diego Library held an inaugural tion, resumption of borrowing privileges, and Resources section. Food for Fine$ drive, collecting non-perishable return of overdue items. Some offer one-for- food items benefiting the year-round campus one exchange of grocery items for forgiveness Some Food for Fines policies vary across food pantry in exchange for fine forgiveness. of fines associated with a single overdue item, participating academic libraries, while others The drive has continued twice annually, in while others specify a per-item credit value. are more universal. December and June, intentionally timed to Beyond non-perishable food, some public • All require donations in good con- coincide with students moving out of their libraries have accepted pet supplies (Library dition, unopened, and not expired. dorms and residences at the end of the school Administrator’s Digest, 2013); paper, clean- Some refuse items in glass containers. year. Steadily gaining popularity among the ing, and hygiene products (Library Adminis- continued on page 63 62 Against the Grain / September 2019 challenging for many students. Approximately staff determine fines eligibility, process waiv- Optimizing Library Services one-third of UC San Diego’s students come ers, and send confirmation emails thanking all from page 62 from homes with an annual family income of donors and confirming the credit amount. All less than $60,000 (Robbins, 2019). The 2018 donors receive confirmation and gratitude, • Most exclude replacement fees and University of California Undergraduate Expe- even if they donated without fees to waive. fines for lost or damaged items. rience Survey (UCUES), a biennial survey of Outreach and promotion strategies, partic- • Most allow users to donate food student behaviors and circumstances conducted ularly regarding timing, presented the biggest items even without fees to be waived. at UC’s nine undergraduate campuses, found challenges. Heavily promoting the campaign • Most designate a fixed per-item 18-43 percent of respondents experienced some early can potentially encourage incurring fees value, typically $1.00-$5.00, while a elements of food insecurity during the 2017-18 and abusing the program, perhaps to the dis- few offer a range of credit depending academic year. It was in this context that the advantage of other users who might not gain on the item. UC San Diego Library chose to contribute to access to needed materials. Alternately, limit- wider campus efforts to support student success • Many set a maximum amount of ing event promotion also limits awareness and beyond traditional library services. credit that can be earned, often participation. Promotion for the first instance ranging from $20.00 to $50.00. was limited to two weeks immediately preced- Implementation ing the campaign and took the form of handouts • Some allow for credit toward already Preliminary considerations for the food and posters in the library, digital signage, paid or future fines, while others drive included identifying appropriate fees social media posts, and a campus newspaper specifically exclude these. to waive, waiver limits, eligible food items, article. Adjustments were made following • Some specify a limited time for their credit values, training for service and billing underwhelming participation. Later, the event initiatives, typically one to three staff, outreach strategies, documentation, and was promoted throughout the quarter, primarily weeks, while others do not. The statistics collection. when users were notified of accrued fees, with University of Dayton scheduled its While monies collected from fines and fees business cards advertising brief details. Other food drive to correspond with April’s add negligible amounts to the Library’s budget, expanded outreach efforts included: National Library Week. replacement costs for lost or damaged items do • Flyers and digital signs in the student • Some specify a time during which el- represent a modest but important portion of the center and other campus locations igible fines must have been accrued, Library’s replacement fund. As such, replace- • Ads on campus shuttles such as the current academic term. ment charges are the only fees excluded from • Events posted to University and • Some offer the initiative once an- waiver eligibility. Administrative billing and student calendars nually, while others host it several processing fees associated with replacement times each year. charges are eligible, along with overdue fines • A message to the University’s Reddit group and other social media outlets • Some specify most-needed items for recalls and course reserves. (often breakfast items, canned meat, Individual waiver limits were set at $40.00 • Displays of eligible food items in busy and non-perishable milk) and may — sufficient to clear four overdue reserves Library spaces and at the Front Desk offer additional credit for those. charges (by far the most common charge), After each drive, donations are categorized, • Some accept toiletries and hygiene processing fees for two replacement items, or counted, and documented, including the num- products in addition to food donations. nearly three recall or billing fees — to incen- ber of unique contributors and average and tivize participation. For many students, this overall value of collective donations. Photos Context can completely resolve outstanding charges, are taken of student employees showcasing Food insecurity is defined by the U.S. and for others it can significantly reduce the the collection, both in the library and with Department of Agriculture as “limited or amount owed. Paid charges were also eligible food pantry staff, for use in future promotional uncertain availability of nutritionally ade- for refund, but all fees must have been accrued materials. Library assessment staff compile quate and safe foods or limited or uncertain during the current academic quarter. results and statistics into a report, and Food for ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially Guidelines for donations were largely Fine$ organizers use the data to identify trends acceptable ways” (2018). Despite a wealth of established by the food pantry and followed and strategies that inform the next iteration. negative impacts on the academic experience, traditional restrictions such as unopened, un- Outcome food insecurity is common among college and expired items. Further restrictions imposed university students nationwide. Most of these were informed by lessons learned by other Participants, donated items, and fines institutions offer a food pantry for their stu- institutions such as excluding “junk” items waived all increased during each instance of dents, though many remain under-resourced like gum and candy items and items in glass the initiative. Across three instances, dona- and face ever-increasing use of their services. containers. Examples of eligible and ineligi- tions were accepted from 93 individuals, who Twelve (Wood, Harris III, & Delgado, 2016, ble items were included in promotional and benefitted by receiving a collective total of p. 3) to forty-eight (Dubick, et al., 2016, p. training materials. For the first Food for Fine$, $1,126.50 in waived library fines. Perhaps 7) percent of college student respondents in for instance, all items were assigned a credit more importantly, the initiative provided 530 two 2016 reports experienced food insecurity value of $2.00, while in the subsequent drives, items to the campus food pantry. that year. a special promotion was offered for full-sized When the initiative launched, the food Despite the perceived affluence and privi- donations of oatmeal and cereal, identified by pantry indicated its greatest need as that for lege of UC San Diego students, national trends the food pantry as one of their greatest needs. boxed cereals and oatmeal. The two latter in- in food insecurity are present. Understanding These highlighted items earned $5.00 each. stances incorporated a Breakfast Bonus ($5.00 this challenge, UC President Janet Napolitano In the 3rd instance, single serving items such per item) for these items. The response was launched the Global Food Initiative in 2016 as nutritional bars and oatmeal packets were positive, resulting in this category garnering to “develop solutions for food, health, and accepted at $0.50 each. the greatest number of items in both instances, sustainability throughout the UC system and Always mindful of service desk transaction while it was very low when not highlighted in beyond” (Wong, 2019). UC and California and wait times, the acceptance process was the inaugural instance. State University in-state tuition has more than made as simple as possible. Desk staff were Across all instances, highlighted items, tripled over the past two decades (Robbins, given training materials to help determine canned/dry fruits and vegetables, and pasta 2019). Though regular tuition increases leveled acceptable items but were also empowered to constituted the most frequent donations. off in recent years, the San Diego area main- make independent decisions about anything More nutritionally valuable items were also tains a high cost of living (79% above national ambiguous. Staff were asked to note the num- received over time, while junk food donations average, according to Salary Expert), making ber of items collected per user and total dollar decreased. Over time, donors without fines to covering basic expenses like food and rent value to be credited. Behind the scenes, billing continued on page 64

Against the Grain / September 2019 63 Library Administrator’s Digest (2010). Goldrick-Rab, S. and Kendall, N. (2016). Optimizing Library Services Food for Fines: A promising win-win project. The real price of college. Wisconsin Hope Lab. from page 63 Library Administrator’s Digest, 45(3), 17-18. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://tcf.org/ Library Administrator’s Digest (2013). content/report/the-real-price-of-college/. waive also increased, as did participants donat- And now pets! Library Administrator’s Di- Goldrick-Rab, S., Richardson, J., and ing items well beyond the amount of their fines. gest, 48(7), 6. Hernandez, A. (2017). Hungry and homeless Scalability Library Administrator’s Digest (2014). in college: Results from a national study of ba- The planning invested prior to the foun- Food for fines is back in September. Library sic needs insecurity in higher education (Wis- dational Food for Fine$ campaign enabled Administrator’s Digest, 49(9), 5. consin HOPE Lab). Retrieved May 2, 2019, the Library to easily re-create the initiative. Library Administrator’s Digest (2014). from https://basicneeds.ucsd.edu/_files/2017- Furthermore, the infrastructure is in place to Park Ridge Library Board asked again to end hungry-and-homeless-in-college-report.pdf. extrapolate this concept for non-food-related ‘Food for Fines.’ Library Administrator’s Loyola Marymount University (2016). drives benefiting the campus and local com- Digest, 49(9), 5. Food for Fines: November 16-December munity in additional ways and furthering the Robbins, G. (2019). The university 16. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https:// Library’s increasing sustainability efforts. In is dealing with “food insecurity,” a grow- librarynews.lmu.edu/2016/11/food-fines-no- addition to ideas generated from the literature ing problem on American campuses. San vember-16-december-16/. review (pet supplies, cleaning products, world Diego Union-Tribune (May 6, 2019). Re- Loyola Marymount University (2009). aid, etc.), the UC San Diego Library is con- trieved May 20, 2019, from https://www. Food for Fines! Retrieved June 5, 2019, from sidering future drives for toothbrushes and sandiegouniontribune.com/news/education/ https://librarynews.lmu.edu/2009/11/food- other personal hygiene supplies, benefiting story/2019-05-06/uc-san-diego-begins-alert- for-fines-2/. San Diego’s growing homeless population ing-needy-students-when-leftover-food-is-avail- Meal Exchange (2019). It’s time to #End- which heartbreakingly includes university able?utm_source=Voice+of+San+Diego+Mas- StudentPoverty! Retrieved April 22, 2019, students, with a tagline to “Brush Away Your ter+List&utm_campaign=fb55ce76d9-Culture_ from https://endstudentpoverty.causevox.com/ Fines.” Similarly, a drive around the holidays Report&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ and https://www.mealexchange.com/. could collect toys and books to support Ac- c2357fd0a3-fb55ce76d9-84043949&goal=0_ Oregon State University (2019). Food tive Duty and Veteran families, recognizing c2357fd0a3-fb55ce76d9-84043949. for Fines is happening at the Valley Library. San Diego’s substantial military presence. Simpson, T. (1984). Fines for food: Turn- Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://library. Another unique, possibly Halloween-themed ing delinquent borrowers into good Samaritans. oregonstate.edu/food-4-fines-happening-val- idea was Loyola Marymount University’s Unabashed Librarian, 52, 29-30. ley-library. initiative to award $2.00 off library fines to participants of the campus blood drive. Cy- U. S. Department of Agriculture (2018). Schmalz, J. (2018). Hungry to learn: cling through themes keeps the events fresh Measurement. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from Five students describe their struggles with and engaging, sheds light on other issues https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nu- food and housing insecurity and what col- facing underrepresented groups, and maxi- trition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/ leges can do to help. Chronicle of Higher mizes the Library’s philanthropic impact on measurement.aspx. Education. Retrieved May 19, 2019, from the campus and local communities. University of California (2018). Univer- https://www.chronicle.com/interactives/ sity of California Undergraduate Experience insecurity?cid=wcontentlist&mkt_tok=eyJpI- Conclusion Survey (UCUES). Retrieved May 2, 2019, joiWlRnNE1URXhZVFkxT0RaaiIsInQiOiJm- Food for Fines drives, while more common from https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/ VElybnFGNDJ5Vk1scVNwSHJ5TW1nNStG- in public libraries, are relatively simple to infocenter/ucues-data-tables-2018. T1ZVeFQrS2JlV2ZBbm9WZ3orUnJzeTczR- organize and have many benefits for academic Wong, J. (2019). The UC’s quest for jBKSWJyXC9VRHc1YWMxMGVCNVl6M- libraries and the populations they serve. Aca- basic needs. UCSD Guardian (January 21, 1wvbGNHWW9OWVpXTzhTRTQrcHIr- demic libraries share a mission of supporting 2019). Retrieved April 22, 2019, from http:// VEV4emFicmZXY09SR2duaGdwemxzRyt- student success, and contrary to criticisms ucsdguardian.org/2019/01/21/ucs-quest-ba- MYnk5R0MwdnhLQVZFVzVTIn0%3D. of these campaigns, food drives and other sic-needs/. Syracuse University (2019). April 29-May cross-promotional initiatives promote a more Wood, J. L., Harris III, F., and Delgado, 10 is “Food for Fines.” Retrieved May 2, 2019, holistic approach to achieving that goal. It N. R. (2016). Struggling to survive – striving from http://libnews.syr.edu/april-29-may-10- instills goodwill between the library and both to succeed: Food and housing insecurities in the is-food-for-fines/. participating and non-participating library community college. San Diego, CA: Commu- Tangeman, C. (2019). Feed the hungry users, as well as with campus partners and nity College Equity Assessment Lab (CCEAL). with Food for Fines (University of Dayton). administrators, and creates a welcoming atmo- Retrieved May 20, 2019, from https://cceal. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://udayton. sphere for the student population. A Food for org/food-housing-report/. edu/blogs/libraries/2019-04-03-food4fines. Fines campaign can help convert the negative php. experience of accruing fees into a positive one Resources Texas A&M University (2019). Sixth an- and presents the Library as a compassionate AAC&U News (2017). Facts & figures nual Food for Fines program begins in February. entity deeply committed to the success and — Food and housing insecurities dispropor- Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://library. well-being of both student Library users and tionately hurt black, first-generation, and com- tamu.edu/news/2019/01/Sixth%20Annual%20 those who utilize the campus’ food assistance munity college students. Retrieved April 22, Food%20for%20Fines%20Program%20Be- services. Academic libraries have a largely 2019, from https://www.aacu.org/aacu-news/ gins%20in%20February%20.html. untapped opportunity to play a larger role in newsletter/facts-figures/jan-feb2017. optimizing the student experience, and when UC San Diego Basic Needs Insecurity Brandeis University (no date). Food for that opportunity comes with a low cost and Committee (2016). Report on food and hous- Fines. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https:// a high reward, it makes the effort even more ing insecurity at UC San Diego. Retrieved www.brandeis.edu/library/borrowing/privi- worthwhile. June 5, 2019, from https://basicneeds.ucsd. leges/food-for-fines.html. edu/_files/BASIC-NEEDS-REPORT.pdf. Works Cited Campus Food Banks Network (2017). University of California (2017). Global Dubick, J., Mathews, B., and Cady, Retrieved April 22, 2019, from https://www. Food Initiative: Food and housing security C. (2016). Hunger on Campus: The Chal- mealexchange.com/campus-food-banks. at the University of California. Retrieved lenge of Food Insecurity for College Stu- Campus Food Systems Project (2015). June 5, 2019, from https://www.ucop.edu/ dents. Retrieved April 22, 2019, from http:// Retrieved April 22, 2019, from http://www. global-food-initiative/_files/food-housing-se- studentsagainsthunger.org/wp-content/up- studentfood.ca/projects/beyond-campus-food- curity.pdf. loads/2016/10/Hunger_On_Campus.pdf. banks-working-group/. continued on page 65

64 Against the Grain / September 2019 the Context of Sustainable Development. In I. Kumar, A., and Thanuskodi, S. (2018). Optimizing Library Services Management Association (Ed.), Green Busi- Using Social Network Sites for Library Ser- from page 64 ness: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Ap- vices in Public Libraries: Possibilities and plications (pp. 1630-1659). Hershey, PA: IGI Challenges. In I. Management Association University of Texas, Arlington (2017). Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7915-1.ch079 (Ed.), Library Science and Administration: Food for Fines. Retrieved May 2, 2019, Goodson, K. (2018). Incrementally Build- Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applica- from https://events.uta.edu/event/food_for_ tions (pp. 556-572). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. fines_8515#.XL5ZXKR7nmF. ing Community and User Engagement in the UC San Diego Library. In I. Management doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3914-8.ch026 Virginia Commonwealth University Association (Ed.), Library Science and Admin- Twait, M. (2018). Peer-to-Peer Outreach (2019). “Food for Fines” benefits RamPan- istration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and and Promotion. In I. Management Association try. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https:// Applications (pp. 834-856). Hershey, PA: IGI (Ed.), Library Science and Administration: www.library.vcu.edu/about/news/2019/ Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3914-8.ch039 Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applica- food-for-fines-benefits-rampantry.html. tions (pp. 325-344). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Wright State University (2019). 4th Ikolo, V. E. (2018). Users Satisfaction doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3914-8.ch015 annual Food for Fines drive. Retrieved April With Library Services: A Case Study of Delta 29, 2019, from https://www.libraries.wright. State University Library. In I. Management edu/community/blog/2019/04/09/4th-annual- Association (Ed.), Library Science and Ad- Column Editor’s End Note: Librarians’ food-for-fines-drive/. ministration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, roles are constantly evolving to include services and Applications (pp. 881-891). Hershey, PA: such as Food for Fines programs and the like, Recommended Readings IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3914-8. which tackles topics such as library programs Clarance, M. M., and Angeline, X. M. ch041 and services, community involvement, food (2019). User Opinion on Library Collections Juliani, D. P., Silva, A., Cunha, J., security, and sustainability. For years, IGI and Services: A Case Study of Branch Library and Benneworth, P. (2019). Universities’ Global has been aware of these ever-changing in Karaikudi. In S. Thanuskodi (Ed.), Literacy Contributions to Sustainable Development’s roles and has worked to include the most recent Skill Development for Library Science Pro- Social Challenge: A Case Study of a Social and quality peer-reviewed research on these fessionals (pp. 343-375). Hershey, PA: IGI Innovation Practice. In I. Management Asso- topics. Research surrounding the topics in this Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7125-4.ch015 ciation (Ed.), Socio-Economic Development: article can be found in IGI Global’s databases, Ene, C., Voica, M. C., and Panait, M. Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applica- InfoSci-Books and InfoSci-Journals specifi- (2019). Green Investments and Food Secu- tions (pp. 379-399). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. cally, which act to provide valuable content to rity: Opportunities and Future Directions in doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch021 librarians and their patrons.

Let’s Get Technical — St. Thomas Library, Automating for the Future by Tia Felock (Technology and Automation Coordinator) and Rebecca DeJesus (Librarian II, Electronic and Media Resources, Capital Region BOCES - School Library System) Column Editors: Stacey Marien (Acquisitions Librarian, American University Library) and Alayne Mundt (Resource Description Librarian, American University Library)

Column Editor’s Note: In this issue’s col- schools in New York’s Capital Region. We Cannell assisted the school in applying for umn, we profile how a regional organization provide professional development, resource and receiving a Regional Collections Grant helped a private elementary school automate sharing, and print and digital products in from the Capital District Library Council in their catalog. — SM & AM support of our school librarians, teachers, the amount of $4,982 for the purpose of cre- and Students. ating the MARC records needed to automate In July of 2018, the Capital Region the St. Thomas the Apostle School Library. Introduction BOCES School Library System was ap- Members of the School Library System Capital Region Board of Cooperative proached by Thomas Kane, Principal of St. team working on the automation project were Educational Services (BOCES) partners Thomas the Apostle School, a small, private the following: Tia Felock, Library Automation with and supports 24 component school dis- Catholic school serving students in grades Coordinator; Rebecca DeJesus, Electronic tricts in Albany, Schenectady, Schoharie and pre-kindergarten through eighth in Delmar, and Media Resources Librarian; Sophia Geit- Southern Saratoga counties. Capital Region New York, about automating their library gey, Senior Library Typist.; Regina Boyles, BOCES also provides service to more than collection. Automating the school’s collection Administrative Assistant; Shelley Viola, 150 school districts outside the Capital Region of an estimated 4,000 titles would provide Secretary to School Library System and Arts area and delivers more than 300 programs and greater ease-of-use, more accurate records, in Education; and Tim Furgal, School Library services designed to support the entire educa- and access to a wide network of libraries System Clerk. tional process. Capital Region BOCES helps with which to share resources. Automation school districts receive access to high-quality is important for students as it helps them The Problem educational services and resources at an af- gain the skills to search more efficiently for St. Thomas the Apostle School does not fordable cost. The School Library System, a what they need. On behalf of St. Thomas have a full-time professional librarian. Prior to part of Capital Region BOCES, supports the the Apostle School, Capital Region BOCES this project, its library records were contained component districts as well as nineteen private School Library System Director Dr. Jen continued on page 66

Against the Grain / September 2019 65 step, once working on-site, was to remove all through interlibrary loan, and running basic Let’s Get Technical the books from the shelving, organize them reports such as overdues. from page 65 by genre or Dewey Decimal classification, and, working on laptops seated at the school Outcomes in an old-fashioned card catalog, and the library tables, start searching for the titles, one The automation project was completed in middle school collection of young adult titles, by one, in the School Library System library September 2018; the students, faculty, and staff which are housed separately from the main automation catalog, Follett Destiny. A barcode of St. Thomas have access to a fully-function- library in a classroom, were poorly organized. sticker was placed on the upper right corner ing, accurate and up-to-date library catalog ca- It was difficult to locate the desired title(s), of each book cover. Titles were located elec- pable of circulation, interlibrary loans, catalog difficult to keep accurate records of what items tronically in the Destiny catalog using ISBN searching, access to eBooks and audiobooks the library owned, difficult to record statistics or title; for titles which were already present purchased by the School Library System, and of library circulation and lending periods, and a in our collection we simply added a new copy patron maintenance. Reporting capabilities wide network of interlibrary loan partners was record for the St. Thomas site. If a title was include inventory, overdue notices, and many unavailable to the St. Thomas School. not present in the Destiny catalog, we would more options for a thorough, accurate portrait With little time, expertise, or funding to find the title, using the book’s ISBN or title in of the school library, its patrons, and library complete the project, it was necessary to enlist OCLC. We downloaded the records as needed activity at any given time. the help of outside organizations to get the from OCLC and then imported them into Des- Linda Berry, retired school librarian, was St. Thomas School’s library automated. The tiny; from there, we attached a copy record for appointed to be the school’s volunteer librarian; School Library System had the knowledge, the St. Thomas School Library. she works at the school several days a week, staffing, and tools to create an electronic Once titles were added to the Destiny teaching library skills such as searching the catalog for the school’s library; through the catalog, we physically organized them on catalog and locating library books on the grant received from Capital District Library newly constructed library shelving that the shelves as well as instilling a love of literature Council, the School Library System was able school had purchased. Keeping in mind that and learning through story time read alouds to procure the necessary funding to complete the library serves a population of students and other activities. the automation project. from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade as St. Thomas is excited to have the addition well as the faculty and staff of the school, we The Process of the automated library catalog in their school divided the collection into “everybody” picture and the support of the School Library System Principal Kane invited us to meet with him books, organized alphabetically by author’s last team and access to the eighty-three other school and some school representatives on July 12, name, juvenile nonfiction organized by Dewey libraries in the shared catalog. 2018 to discuss his vision for the school library Decimal numbers, juvenile fiction organized and what his students’ and staff’s needs were. alphabetically by author’s last name, and the The Future We looked at the physical space and number of middle school collection of young adult fiction Principal Thomas Kane and library staff books and were able to assess their needs and and nonfiction, organized alphabetically by have reached out to request additional training estimate the time required to meet the project author’s last name or Dewey Decimal number, on using the Destiny catalog. Looking to the goals, develop a plan, including making a list as appropriate. The books were clearly and future, the School Library System plans to of needed materials, and gathering a team of accurately labeled and placed in proper order work with St. Thomas to help them stay up staff members to execute the plan. We ordered on the shelves for easy locating. to date on 21st century learning, collaborating customized scannable barcodes for the books After three weeks of cataloging, organizing with the faculty to incorporate the library into as well as a handheld barcode scanner for the books, and getting the library ready for the start the curriculum, and to continue growing and school library; these costs were covered by the of the school year, the St. Thomas Library adjusting as the needs of library users evolve. grant money. We determined that the project was ready for digital circulation. The team We hope to see St. Thomas School become of automating the St. Thomas School Library once again worked with Principal Thomas involved with our professional development would take four people working six-hour days Kane to develop a plan to train the certified and become active learners and participants approximately three weeks in order to complete retired public-school librarian who would be in the School Library System and all it has to the automation project before the start of the volunteering two to three days a week, along offer as their comfort level with the Destiny 2018-19 school year. with some parent volunteers on how to access system increases. The School Library System team worked and use the library catalog. We covered the throughout August and September 2018 on basics of using the Destiny catalog, including completing the automation project. Our first searching, circulation, and requesting books

Headwaters — The Subversion of Referees Column Editor: Kent Anderson (Founder, Caldera Publishing Solutions, 290 Turnpike Road, #366, Westborough, MA 01581-2843; Phone: 774-288-9464)

Column Editor’s Note: This essay is an zeitgeist. His recent podcast, “Against the place, we’ve been given algorithms, feeds, updated, revised, and expanded version of a Rules,”1 examines a trend he’s observed in and search engines, all of which gatekeep in post published on “The Geyser,” an e-news- society — the decline of the human referee in their own ways, but without an identifiable (or letter written by the author and available at many parts of daily life, and what that’s doing accountable) human behind them. It’s almost https://thegeyser.substack.com. to our idea of fairness. as if we accept humans expressed through Disrespect of referees strikes me as technology more than we accept humans ex- profound and highly relevant to publishing, pressed through a time-tested process. ichael Lewis — the author of Mon- especially scholarly and scientific publishing. Lewis’ first episode examined the travails eyball, The Blind Side, and The Gatekeepers, referees, and the consequences of actual refereeing in the NBA, talking about MBig Short — has an uncanny knack of these have been targeted for years as irrel- how, in the past 1-2 years, the level of argumen- for tapping into themes developing in the evant, outmoded, or objectionable. In their continued on page 67 66 Against the Grain / September 2019 by them. What’s wrong with a player able to • Irrelevant and unnecessary to the Headwaters generate a “reality distortion field”2 ala Steve modern information age from page 66 Jobs? That’s part of the magic. • Replaceable by the “crowd” or the We’re increasingly seeing referees criti- empowered individual (see first tation with referees from superstar players has point) skyrocketed, despite the refereeing being better cized from the top, where the entitled people than ever — thanks to replay, referee training, live. As a psychologist noted to Lewis, en- • Adding little value, slowing things and more, NBA referees are demonstrably titled people sometimes feel the rules don’t down, and basically annoying us apply to them. As Lewis notes, superstar fairer and less biased than ever. To tell his Given all of the above, how this resolves players are complaining more than ever, rather story, Lewis visited the replay center in Florida, for scholarly publishing seems to be informed than modeling excellent sportsmanship. In- where calls are reviewed by referees off-site. lately by these very dubious questions and come inequality may play a factor, as entitled He talked to psychologists who have found that claims. Why do we need referees or editors? people are actually so well-off now that they entitlement makes people more likely to flout These people are fallible, aren’t respected, do live in a different reality, in effect. What rules, believing rules don’t apply to them. He aren’t necessary in the modern information referee will or must noted how referees are being worn down by age, may be malign, they respect? the threats they experience on- and off-court. are replaceable by the Finally, he described how children mimic the The recent U.S. col- crowd or some rando, exasperated, angry reactions they see from star lege admissions scandal and add little value and NBA players, driving the cycle of disrespect involving celebrities only slow us down and for referees further into the bloodstream of the and entitled parents3 annoy us. sport, and life in general. (and their children) What Lewis finds, provides an interest- An interesting observation among many is however, is that there ing window into this that the reason superstar players react so badly are people who are nat- issue. Here were en- to increasingly unbiased and “fair” refereeing ural referees, arbiters, titled people who felt is entitlement — they expect their fame and and umpires — individ- confident going around prominence to grant them dispensations from uals who by disposition, the admissions referee. When caught, some referees. This always makes me return to the inherent ability, and natural demeanor com- confessed and plead guilty, while at least anger some scholars and scientists express mand respect, deliver just decisions, establish one has defied the courts and prosecutors, toward reviewers and editors, which can seem zones of fair play as easily as anything, and apparently convinced her entitled status will similar in key ways. Do they feel refereeing keep things from becoming imbalanced. But ultimately prevail. doesn’t apply to them anymore? Or that they today, we don’t celebrate the excellent judge, are entitled to special privileges? A grammarian Lewis interviews focuses the superb and consistent editor, or the judi- Lewis’ podcast explores other topics — on the moral relativism that has permeated cious moderator. We bristle, we rebel, and the abdication of regulations around financial intellectual life, focusing on his dislike for we push away. institutions that exploit lenders and dodge re- “descriptive grammar” (in which no native Lewis is onto something here. There is no sponsibility for the messes they make, causing English speaker can be said to ever make a easy answer, so I’ll be listening to his podcast financial hardships for students, teachers, and grammatical error) and preference for “pre- and reading his books for as long as he’s pro- soldiers; the growing disrespect for editors scriptive grammar,” in which there are rules ductive. He’s a good judge of what matters. and grammar; and, why ethicists and ombuds- and preferences. His feeling is that most men are losing leverage. writers and speakers no longer feel shame about mistakes in grammar or spelling. What’s causing this trend is a bit of a Kent Anderson is the CEO and founder of mystery. There seem to be many sources of At the same time, people and places that Caldera Publishing Solutions, editor of “The subversion of umpires in society, the people should be acting as referees are not, adding to Geyser,” a past-President of the Society of calling balls and strikes. There’s also been the erosion of even the concept of an umpire Scholarly Publishing, and founder of “The a surge of mildly or wildly corrupt practices calling balls and strikes. Facebook, Twitter, Scholarly Kitchen.” He has worked as an enabled by those seeking to disrupt society in Google, and YouTube are notorious in my executive of a technology startup, and as a some manner — technologically, politically, mind because they refuse in most cases to publishing executive at numerous non-profits, or economically. act as referees relative to their own platforms. including the American Association for the Only now are some controls coming into The “disruptive” aspect is interesting to Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Massa- place, but the idea that it should be a free-for- ponder. We’ve been inundated by people chusetts Medical Society, and the American all remains strong. praising disruptive thinkers, disruptive busi- Academy of Pediatrics. nesses, and disruptive leaders. It’s nearly Finally, there is the information space axiomatic in such an environment that anyone of today, where innuendo is easy to purvey, seeking to impose order or boundaries looks smears are simple to amplify, and doubt easy like a tool or a fool. Who needs or wants order to sow. We’ve seen judges, investigators, and Endnotes when disruption is the way of the world? What referees of all kinds undermined by allega- 1. https://atrpodcast.com/ is the reward for order when disruption makes tions of racial bias, corruption, and political 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_dis- some people billions? motivation, all in an attempt to make them tortion_field appear less fair and impartial. 3. https://thegeyser.substack.com/p/col- Instant replay has also helped to erode the leges-reject-freelance-corruption authority and position of referees in sports. As referees have been knocked down a few Coaches and spectators are now high-pow- pegs in various ways, we find ourselves in a ered armchair referees. For referees, any call world where our assumptions about referees might be questioned and overturned. Getting have been modified, so that more of us think it “right” now counts more than the action, the referees are: fluidity, the spontaneity of sport. I personally • Not that different from us, and per- hope American baseball never goes to an auto- haps just as fallible mated strike zone, as the ability for a pitcher to fool a batter and an umpire seems like a • Not worthy of respect, and possibly great part of the game. The same goes for deserving of resentment players who make plays that so astound fans • Possibly corrupt or malign, or able and referees alike that the game is distorted to be portrayed as such

Against the Grain / September 2019 67 Library Analytics: Shaping the Future — The SPAN Monograph Project: Shared Print Archiving in Western Canada by Jean Blackburn (Collections Coordinator, Vancouver Island University) and Lisa Petrachenko (Associate University Librarian, Learning and Research Resources, University of Victoria Libraries) Column Editors: John McDonald (EBSCO Information Services) and Kathleen McEvoy (EBSCO Information Services)

s collections shift toward primarily electronic delivery, and allocated, participating libraries (and other COPPUL libraries) could pressures on library spaces increase, academic librarians must move forward with local collection management projects (including Amanage print collections to acknowledge both decreasing use weeding of non-retained titles). Representatives from participating and an enduring need to preserve the print scholarly record. How libraries, with the support of COPPUL’s SPAN Coordinator, formed do we manage these competing demands? Increasingly, libraries are a committee to undertake consensus-building and decision-making turning toward shared print archive initiatives to harness the power of throughout the project. COPPUL staff provided project support and group collaboration within our networks to achieve both objectives. liaison with SCS, and the SPAN Management Committee advised on The Council of Prairie and Pacific Libraries (COPPUL) is one such policy matters and best practices. The project intended to complement network. This regional Canadian consortium, formally established in and support other “last copy” shared print initiatives from Library and 1991 and representing the four Western provinces (British Columbia, Archives Canada and other library consortia. Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba), has maintained an active shared Group and comparator library data were loaded and available in print archive program since 2012: the COPPUL Shared Print Archive SCS’s data modelling and visualization tool, GreenGlass, by May 2016. Network or SPAN (https://coppul.ca/programs/shared-print). In addition to catalogue extracts from each participating library, SCS COPPUL’s core membership consists of 22 university libraries, loaded OCLC holdings data for many other comparator library groups, ranging from very small teaching-focused institutions to large research e.g., all non-participating COPPUL libraries, COPPUL’s two R1 libraries universities, spread over a vast geographical expanse. The character and (University of British Columbia and University of Alberta), other distribution of COPPUL’s membership has resulted in the evolution of a Canadian research libraries, etc. Further, project participants defined shared print archiving approach that is more distributed than centralized. criteria to identify materials published in or about the COPPUL region, Maintaining a single shared print repository is neither practical nor which were applied to participants’ holdings data in GreenGlass as a desirable in COPPUL’s context. Rather, sharing the responsibility for “COPPUL Canadiana” flag. With the resulting access to big data, and building and holding shared print archives across the network, according the means to manipulate and visualize the data in GreenGlass, the SPAN to each member institution’s capacity, has emerged as a more feasible Monograph Project committee began exploring retention scenarios approach in the Canadian West. COPPUL’s well-established resource and building consensus around a preferred model. The group chose sharing network has helped to ensure continued access to shared print to focus on rarely-held materials (both within COPPUL and in other archives within COPPUL and beyond. Canadian research libraries) and those of regional or local interest; the After several phases of journal archiving, COPPUL’s SPAN launched COPPUL model did not, in the end, factor in usage (circulation numbers a shared print monograph archiving project facilitated by Sustainable and dates), publication years or acquisition dates. In September 2016, Collections Services (SCS), a small consulting company now owned after much experimenting, the consensus retention model — actually a by OCLC. Ten COPPUL institutions, representing mid-sized research combination of two models, “Rarely-held” and “COPPUL Canadiana” universities and small teaching-focused institutions, signed on to partic- — looked like this: ipate. Project goals included identifying unique or scarcely-held titles Rarely-held Model: for retention and preservation, contributing toward the “print safety net” Retain 1 copy if: within the COPPUL network, and facilitating the de-selection of print UofA/UBC holdings equal 0 (same edition) monographs with minimal impact on library users and partners within the network. The SPAN Monograph Project provided an opportunity for Other COPPUL holdings fewer than 3 (same edition) smaller libraries to meaningfully contribute to the network’s print safety CARL Libraries* fewer than 2 (same edition) net (in previous SPAN phases, Western Canada’s two largest research Not flagged as COPPUL Canadiana libraries shouldered most of the physical archiving burden on behalf combined with of the network). Resource sharing relationships with other Canadian consortium partners also contributed to the retention model development, COPPUL Canadiana Model: in which analysis of holdings of Canadian research libraries outside Retain 2 copies if: COPPUL was an important factor in retention decisions. UofA/UBC holdings greater than 0 (same edition) The project entailed designing shared retention scenarios based Flagged as COPPUL Canadiana on group collections data from OCLC. A key premise of the SPAN Retain 3 copies if: Monograph Project was that holdings allocated for retention would UofA/UBC holdings equal 0 (same edition) remain circulating and able to be shared through interlibrary loan. Flagged as COPPUL Canadiana Hence, the project’s work was conceived and carried out through two main perspectives or “lenses”: preservation and access. Because access *Non-COPPUL CARL libraries and sharing were central to the project, monographs in non-circulating This model resulted in a 20 percent retention rate averaged across collections (e.g., special collections, reference) were considered out of participating libraries — a fairly low retention rate compared with other scope. In scope were circulating monographs classed in LC or DDC, shared print monograph projects such as Eastern Academic Scholars’ including juvenile materials and music scores. Trust (36 percent) and Washington Research Library Consortium (61 Retention models, along with treatment of retained titles, were de- percent) — which SPAN Monograph Project members felt balanced the cided collectively with the intent that once retention commitments were continued on page 69 68 Against the Grain / September 2019 the EAST Shared Print Initiative — a group comprised of large and Library Analytics ... small university libraries much like SPAN Mono Project — which from page 68 requires a randomized sample of 6000 items, generated by SCS from the project data in GreenGlass, to be verified per participating library “print safety net” preservation imperative with local collection manage- (see https://eastlibraries.org/validation for more information). The ment and space reallocation goals. However, more consensus-building group further agreed that item location in remote storage facilities within the group became necessary when participants reviewed their was an acceptable proxy for shelf verification. The shelf validation retention allocations and experienced various degrees of “buyer’s process revealed an average missing rate of about five percent among remorse” at the thought of being compelled to retain items on the list reporting participants. that did not seem truly rare. For example, 7 Habits of Highly Effective With respect to missing items, it was decided that within the SPAN People appeared on at least one list — not a rare title by any measure, Monograph Project purview, participating libraries would not be but because the model specified “same edition” in comparator library obliged to replace items discovered missing in the shelf verification holdings, the retentions included items for which a particular edition process. However, it was acknowledged that libraries might make might be rarely held for a title otherwise considered widely-held. Guided local decisions to replace missing items on a case by case basis, and by SCS staff, the committee adjusted the retention model by adding a agreed that project members would share information about missing further criterion to the “Rarely-held” model: items with one another. Data on missing items, replacements and item CARL Libraries* fewer than 5 (any edition) transfers between libraries are reported and shared via the COPPUL This adjustment reduced the average retention commitment across web site. participating libraries from 20 percent to 16 percent. The SPAN The Project committee debated whether or not to designate a Monograph Project’s collective holdings data comprised 7,276,328 title preservation copy for each retained COPPUL Canadiana title. Given holdings, of which 1,147,232 were allocated for retention. Research the SPAN Monograph Project’s access and sharing goals, and since libraries within the group tended to have higher retention rates the “Rarely-held” model only retained one copy within the than those at teaching-focused, primarily undergraduate group, the designation of preservation copies was institutions. The bulk of our combined holdings not possible under that model. It was possible, (60 percent) are unique to our respective libraries, however, under the “COPPUL Canadiana” i.e. held in only one participating library. The model which retained two or three copies holdings that are unique have a much higher per- depending on the criteria. The Univer- centage of zero-use titles — not really surprising, sity of Calgary — the only library in but since the SPAN Monograph Project is focusing the SPAN Monograph Project group to on preserving rare materials, it also means that have preservation storage capacity — participants are committing to retain many items carefully considered the possibility of which have had very low use (i.e., items which may have been good becoming an Archive Holder for preservation copies, but ultimately candidates for weeding if not for the SPAN Monograph project). determined that it was not in a position to offer the necessary storage. Other critical consensus decisions included settling on a retention As no other participating libraries had storage capacity, the group period: fifteen years (with a review every five years), designated by a confirmed that preservation copies would remain out of scope for standard 583 field note for MaRC records (**** is a placeholder for this particular project. the OCLC library symbol): Related concerns have emerged from scholars at participating 583 1#$aCommitted to retain$c20170101$d20321231$f institutions about that ensuring adequate interlibrary loan periods are COPPUL SPAN Monograph$5**** in place for shared print monographs. This has resulted in a national It was understood within the group that participants may make conversation, begun by COPPUL, toward reducing access barriers local decisions to add public notes to bibliographic, holdings or item within Canadian resource sharing networks by increasing interlibrary records. With respect to a central registry for up-to-date SPAN Mono- loan periods to six weeks with the possibility of renewal, and ceasing graph Project holdings, the group is using the new OCLC shared print service fees for interlibrary lending. registry service since COPPUL does not maintain a union catalogue for Since settling on a shared retention model and retention period, members, our access to collective data in GreenGlass ended on March participating SPAN Monograph project members have used project 31, 2019, and 583 fields are not visible in Worldcat. data within the GreenGlass tool to model scenarios for de-selecting The SPAN Monograph Project committee also decided to observe low use, widely held materials and advance other local collection man- a limited-time “rejection period” during which participants could agement goals in responsible, sustainable, evidence-informed ways. review their adjusted retention commitment lists and identify items Several members have contracted with SCS separately to load more for removal according to criteria pre-determined by consensus. The up-to-date holdings extracts in GreenGlass for continued collection Project committee agreed that rejection decisions should not be based assessment purposes. on a library simply not wanting to keep certain titles; rather, participat- The COPPUL SPAN Monograph Project demonstrates a distributed ing libraries would need to balance the perception of local value with model of shared print archiving wherein smaller institutions, without the regional “print safety net” goal. In the interests of furthering the explicit preservation mandates or extensive storage facilities, can collective “print safety net” goal, the group agreed retention rejection effectively contribute to solving the problem of preserving the print criteria as follows: scholarly record into the future. All academic libraries have rare or • Damaged items unique materials within their collections; if shared print archives can be seen as a “print safety net,” ensuring reliable access to the print • Outdated textbooks, study guides, and workbooks record into the future, then the distributed shared print archive model • Out of scope materials captured in GreenGlass in error (e.g., allows all libraries the opportunity to form part of the fabric. As a non-circulating reference materials, serials) related benefit, participating libraries can move forward with local The group felt strongly that a process to shelf-validate final reten- collection management decisions with increased confidence, know- tion allocations (adjusted for rejections) was critical for identifying ing that rare and regional-interest materials have been identified and missing items, particularly given that many participating libraries retained within the consortium. had not undergone an inventory process for many years. However, most participating libraries also felt that they could not spare the staff time necessary to validate every item. As a compromise, the Project committee agreed to adopt the sampling methodology developed by

Against the Grain / September 2019 69 ATG Food + Beverage Roundup — Charleston, SC Column Editors: Nicole Ameduri (Licensing Manager, Springer Nature) and Melanie Masserant (Account Development Manager, Springer Nature) www.springernature.com

Nicole Ameduri, Springer Nature Licens- ate their menu based on the freshest, seasonal #4. The Obstinate Daughter: The Ob- ing Manager, loves eating her way through ingredients. All produce is locally sourced and stinate Daughter is a masterful convergence conferences. Through some random twist of meats are sustainably raised. of rustic Italian cooking and Low Country fate or luck, she ended up with a number of Their breakfast menu features unlikely Seafood on Sullivan’s Island. This nautical chefs, restaurant managers, famous sommeliers pairings like whipped ricotta toast with chili themed space is green certified, and its chef and food writers in her close circle of friends. honey. Depending on the season, lunch could Jacques Larson was recently nominated for They have steered her in the right direction be heirloom beans with jalapeno vinaigrette, a James Beard Award. for every destination on her calendar. Mel- Jimmy red cornbread or a roast beef sandwich During last year’s conference two of my anie Masserant, Springer Nature Account with smoked onion jam. Dinner combines librarian friends were game for the excursion. Development Manager, fancies unique cock- midday elements such as kebab platters and I’m a native of Massachusetts, so I had to try tails while gallivanting to conferences across crispy half chicken. My Turkish husband the oysters. Alexandra had a wood-fired pizza Canada and the U.S. She collects interesting especially enjoys the Middle Eastern touches with local clams. We also sampled roasted cocktail vinegars and syrups to concoct her on the menu like the roasted beets with labneh, beets with pomegranate molasses, which is a own creations. Her favorite is a Bloody Mary hummus and the semolina cake. Turkish ingredient that has become available mixed bourbon, cider vinegar and pickle juice. Must haves: house-made pickle plate, in U.S. restaurants. Some other favorites We’re excited to share fabulous Charleston Moroccan carrots, falafel, grilled radishes, include farro with brussel sprouts and black restaurants and bars with you! Persian herb salad, pan seared local fish and truffle, grilled octopus with olive tapenade and Nicole’s Picks — Restaurants the cheese board. ricotta gnocchi with short rib ragu. Save room for dessert — there is a gelateria downstairs! #1. Zero Restaurant & Bar: Conde Nast Address: 1085 Morrison Drive, Charles- named Zero George one of the Top 5 foodie ton, SC 29403, https://butcherandbee.com/ Address: 2063 Middle Street, Sullivan’s hotels in the world. Rightfully so, dining food. Island, SC 29482, http://www.theobstina- there was one of the best dining experiences #3. The Wreck of the Richard & Char- tedaughter.com/. of my life! Their interpretation of the amuse lene: Nestled on the water, this seafood #5. Grace & Grit: Chef Kline’s fresh and bouche is unforgettable — radishes in a clay restaurant overlooks the beautiful Shem playful approach to Low Country cuisine has pot that appeared as Creek in the Old Village earned his restaurant Platinum status from the though it was filled with section of Mt. Pleasant, Sustainable Seafood Initiative. The menu is soil, but is actually filled which is a 20 minute creative yet approachable. Diners enjoy fresh with toasted quinoa and drive from downtown local fish and shrimp, seasonal produce and in- decadent butter. Diners Charleston. Their no house smoked bacon, which enhances hits like pull the radishes out by frills dining room is a fried green tomatoes and she-crab chowder. the fronds, just as you screened in porch with Southern staples like cornbread, collards, would pull them from plastic furniture. They butter beans and grits take the center stage. soil. Years ago, I created serve free boiled pea- Speaking of grits, THEY HAVE A GRIT a community garden and nuts, cold beer, fried FLIGHT – 15 VARIETIES! There are sweet recall pulling my first shrimp and my favorites options like blueberry and coconut cream. radishes out of the soil — hush puppies and Originally a skeptic, I actually loved the blue- and eating them. The banana pudding. They berry grits! My favorites of the savory variety way Zero Bar serves them brought back the also have key lime pie and bread pudding. were pimiento cheese and brussels pesto. farm-to-mouth experience I had growing them Based on the suggestion of an old friend Guests can choose from three types of local in New York. who once lived in Mt. Pleasant, I added it to fish and six different preparationsin the chef’s For our main entrées, I ordered the cobia. the itinerary for my husband’s surprise 40th menu. My favorite is the blackened wreck fish It was grilled and glazed with yuzu and chili. birthday trip to Charleston. It’s nearly im- with butter beans and creamed corn. My husband ordered the chicken with carrots possible to find, being located on a dirt road, Address: 320 Wingo Way, Suite 100, Mt. in smoked butter with warm herbs. For dessert, but worth the search. Upon arrival a black Pleasant, SC 29464, https://gracegrit.com/. we had cheese and the tres leches with young cat greeted us and led us out onto the deck coconut and honeycomb. The creativity and where we watched the sun set while dining. Melanie’s Picks — Bars perfect execution made me suspect the chef My husband and I go back annually! #1. Rarebit: If you favor bold and was from New York. Upon speaking with Address: 106 Haddrell Street, Mt. Pleas- boozy Mad Men inspired cocktails, stop by the chef, my hunch was verified. He is from ant, SC 29464, CASH ONLY, https://www. the Rarebit. This retro-styled bar’s cocktail Brooklyn. wreckrc.com/. menu offers an array of old classics from the Zero Bar features a creative mix of craft Sazerac to the Singapore Sling. They also cocktails; beer and curated wines — they serve Corpse Reviver, have a private label from their sister winery a gin cocktail which in Virginia. They also have a cooking school was popularized by the that offers classes. I’m taking one before the 1930s Savoy Cocktail Charleston Library Conference and can’t Book and originally wait! devised as a hangover cure. Address: 0 George Street, Charleston, SC 29401, https://zerorestaurantcharleston.com/. Their tonics, bitters + ginger and root beer #2. Butcher & Bee: Hands down, my are house made. In favorite brunch spot in Charleston — I even had my 40th birthday brunch here. They cre- continued on page 71

70 Against the Grain / September 2019 #3. Cocktail Club: Located in the historic designed bar in South Carolina by Architectur- ATG Food + Beverage Roundup 1881 building, the Cocktail Club is above its al Digest. The décor is a mix of Casablanca from page 70 sister restaurant, the Macintosh, and draws vibes and eclectic antiques from Paris, and fea- inspiration from Prohibition era speakeasies tures an incredible barrel ceiling with gold-leaf fact, their Moscow Mule (Smirnoff vodka, — but only its interior, not the cocktails. It detailing. Husband and wife team Kathleen limeade and Sweatman’s ginger beer) is so occupies 2,500 square feet and their custom and Mike Shuler created the Vintage Lounge popular that it’s on tap — and accounted for bar is made of reclaimed wood salvaged from to be a haven for oenophiles. They offer wine 20 percent of their sales on their opening night the original structure from 1881. It features flights that include Burgundy, Aligote, Gamay in 2012. I despise vodka, but their ginger beer three lounge areas with leather couches, chairs, and Pinot Noir as well as wine cocktails like the gives it perfect balance. I’ve been fortunate fireplaces and wood barrels — and a rooftop New York Sour with bourbon, lemon and red enough to attend the Charleston Library terrace with a garden which pro- wine. They also challenge guests Conference for the past five years, and no duces fresh garnishes for their to test their wine knowledge matter how packed my schedule is I always creative cocktails. blindfolded — if you’re correct make time to knock back a few Moscow Mules. This upscale lounge has an the glass is on the house! Address: 474 King Street, Charleston, SC extensive selection of unique Address: 545 King Street, 29403, https://therarebit.com/. liquors and cocktails like the Charleston, SC 29403, https:// #2. Bar Mash: This popular whiskey bar Johnny Dagger, made with Jef- vintagechs.com/. is part of the Old Cigar Factory’s restaurant and ferson small batch bourbon, #5. Citrus Club: This roof- bar pair, Mercantile and Mash, and creates Pierre Ferrand dry curaco, walnut top bar above the Dewberry has high-quality cocktails. Their menu highlights liqueur, all spice and Angostura the highest viewpoint in the city, domestic spirits, beer, wine and craft cocktails, Bitters. If you crave gin, try and one can see as far as the At- as well as elevated bar food. For whiskey lov- the Macho Man Dandy Savage, lantic Ocean, weather permitting. ers, sip The Slow Burn, made of Highland Park made with dandelion-infused To enter, visitors must make a Magnus, chamomile tea, cayenne maple, lemon gin, yellow chartreuse, wildflower honey, reservation two weeks in advance and check-in and ginger. If you’re craving something sweet, house-made orange bitters and fresh lemon. If at the host stand in the Dewberry lobby. This try the Pablo Pibb made of Wyoming whiskey, you’re drinking as a group, go in on the Pimm’s secluded spot is ideal for meetings with library cherry syrup, fernet branca, lemon and cola. Punch — serves 4-6 — made of Pimm’s Kronin vendors and publishers. Libations range from Bar Mash is ideal for small to mid-size Punsch, curacao highlighted with strawberries, the tropical — frozen pina coladas, frozen groups as it hosts a bevy of house entertainment mint, lime, cucumber & ginger ale. banana foster and Polynesian Pearl Diver — to options, such as live bluegrass, a bocce court, Address: 479 King Street, #200, Charles- craft beer and wine. shuffle board, the 1980s game Defender and ton, SC 29403, https://www.thecocktailclub- Address: 334 Meeting Street, Charleston, an old-fashioned jukebox. charleston.com/. SC 29403, https://www.thedewberrycharles- Address: 701 E Bay Street, Charleston, SC #4. Vintage Lounge: Last year the Vin- ton.com/. 29403, https://www.barmashchs.com/. tage Lounge was named the most beautifully Against the Grain / September 2019 71 Biz of Digital — Developing and Growing a New Repository Service: Part 2 Procedures for Library Submissions by Column Editor: Michelle Flinchbaugh (Acquisitions and Digital Scholarship Services Librarian, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; Phone: 410-455-6754; Fax: 410-455-1598)

Column Editor’s Note: This is Part 2 of a 3 part series on Creating Processing Google Scholar Alerts a New Repository Service. Part 1: Getting Started appeared in the Creating and De-Duping Google Alerts June issue (v.31#3). Part 3: Expansion will appear in the November Results for any search performed in Google Scholar includes the 2019 issue. — MF option to “Create alert.” When the searcher chooses “Create alert,” the terms of the search fill into an “Alert query” box, and the searcher’s email Introduction auto-fills into another box. Once the searcher clicks “Create alert,” she receives an email of new items whenever new items with that search The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a term are added. The DSS Librarian chose to monitor the search terms research-intensive institution with 546 Full-time and 292 Part-time “The University of Maryland Baltimore County” and “UMBC.” The faculty, participates in the Maryland Shared Open Access Repository two Alert emails come with many duplicates, and the first step is to print (MD-SOAR) and has the MD-SOAR DSpace platform available to both the UMBC and University of Maryland, Baltimore County Alerts it. The Digital Scholarship Services Librarian (DSS Librarian) at that came on a given date, and remove duplicates by crossing them out UMBC’s Albin O. Kuhn Library shifted duties from Acquisitions on one of the Alert printouts. At first it was unclear if both printouts are to work full time on the repository. Four months into a soft roll-out necessary. Indeed, most UMBC publications come on the Alert with with minimal outreach only to individual faculty members, she had the full name, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Yet there attempted to get faculty to submit items themselves with little success. are still consistently unique UMBC publications on the Alert for the She also began identifying new faculty publications via Google Scholar abbreviated form of the university name, especially for preprints and Alerts and adding these to the repository when appropriate with this other informally published items where the full name of the university method of populating the repository proving to be far more successful. wasn’t included on the work. Processing Google Scholar Alerts requires determining if items were ap- propriate for the repository, checking rights, asking faculty for the item or a particular version when needed, then adding the work. Sometimes when the librarian corresponds with faculty about their works, they also request that she load other materials as well. After four months of this approach, the librarian was inundated by requests to add items to the repository for faculty, so she fur- ther developed processes and procedures to handle those requests as well. With new procedures being devel- oped primarily by one librarian, it be- came critically important to document in detail both so that items would be entered consistently and so that another person could find and follow the pro- cedures for processing and submitting items to the repository for faculty. In approaching the development and doc- umentation of procedures, there were a number of questions that arose: • Given the MD-SOAR scope that requires items be available for free, either via a link to a free Figure 1 Google Scholar Alert Example version online or via an attached pdf file, and UMBC’s policy decision to add items to all Determining if the Works on Alerts are Appropriate relevant collections, including Student, Faculty and Staff About half the items the DSS Librarian receives on Google Alerts Collections, what are the steps for processing an item on a are inappropriate to the repository, already loaded into the repository, or Google Scholar Alert? not UMBC publications at all. Some items are only abstracts without • How does processing vary when the works don’t come the full work, CVs, obituaries, patent applications, or a description of from a Google Scholar Alert, but another repository, from a grant funded project. These aren’t added to the repository, so they’re a publications website, a Google Scholar Profile, a CV or crossed out on the printout. Google Alerts include theses and disserta- from a list? tions, but they have their own separate workflow and are periodically loaded, so not processed when received on a Google Scholar Alert. continued on page 73

72 Against the Grain / September 2019 ArXiv Biz of Digital Many UMBC faculty consistently post pre-prints on ArXiv, and the from page 72 DSS Librarian receives notices of all of UMBC posts to ArXiv through Google Scholar. ArXiv allows reposting to institutional repositories Some items have no UMBC author, but include UMBC in a citation or with the author’s permission, so the DSS Librarian emails the author, credit, or UMBC stands for another organization. Therefore, the first with the title of their work in the subject line, to seek permission. She step in processing Google alerts is to determine if the format of the item uses a canned request in a Google template for this. is appropriate, if it’s appropriate to add it via this workflow (it’s not a thesis or dissertation), and that at least one author is affiliated withUMBC . Since these are new publications, they aren’t generally duplicates, but in instances where the title sounds familiar, the DSS Librarian also searches the repository to see if the item has already been added. Otherwise duplicate searching is done right before items are entered. Paywalls Once the DSS Librarian determines that an item is appropriate for the repos- itory, she notes on a printout of the email alert if the item is paywall protected. When she’s asked faculty for permission Figure2 ArXiv email example to load a work in ArivX.org, or a pre- or post-print pdf to add, a month or two Response to these emails has been very high. Some faculty have later she follows up on works that she’s requested but not received a become “regulars” always saying yes. Once they become a “regular” response. Works not paywall protected are free and can be added with she omits the explanation and niceties and just sends a single sentence just a link if permission wasn’t granted for the file or a pdf wasn’t pro- question asking if it’s ok. With a positive response, she proceeds with vided, so she adds these without a file attached once it’s clear that no adding the pdf of the item. With a negative response, she adds the response is ever coming. Paywall written next to an item indicates that item, linking to it on ArchivX without providing the pdf. Finally, with the item can’t be added unless the faculty member granted permission no response, after a period of time has elapsed she also adds the item or provided an appropriate version because it’s not available for free, to the repository, linking to it on ArchivX without providing the pdf. so no follow-up is necessary. Rights — Creative Commons Licenses Determining Collections If the item is not on ArXiv, the next step is to investigate rights for Collections in ScholarWorks@UMBC include both departmental the item. First she looks for a Creative Commons license on the work, collections, e.g., UMBC History Collection, UMBC Physics Collec- and if there is one, she adds the item to ScholarWorks@UMBC on the tions, and author status collections, e.g., UMBC Student Colletion. same Creative Commons license. If the item says open access on it, Determining collections may be done early in the process, or at the this requires some investigation, as sometimes it means everything in end. If the DSS Librarian is searching the directory to determine a particular journal is on the same Creative Commons license, and if an author(s) is affiliated with UMBC, or searching for author(s) other times they’ve defined it in a particular way. Oftentimes she can email address, she’ll do it while already in the directory. Often the load these into the repository, but sometimes the publisher means only department(s) of the UMBC author(s) is given on the work, and the open on their website and doesn’t allow distribution via a repository, item will go in each of the collections for all departments listed as in which case she simply adds the item with a link to the publisher’s affiliations for that author. Then she searches theUMBC Directory version without providing a file. to determine if the author(s) are faculty, staff, or a student, and in- Discovering that an item is on a Creative Commons license dicates whichever one(s) are appropriate. She also uses the campus sometimes doesn’t happen until later in the process. If a publisher is directory to find the departmental affiliation of authors when it’s not completely open access, they may provide information on their website given on the work. about what Creative Commons license all of their journals are on, but Making determinations of what collections an item belongs in not provide that information on the journal page or on individual arti- is sometimes hampered by the limitations of the UMBC Directory. cles. When this is the case, we may not realize an item is on a Creative Those who have graduated or otherwise left the university are no Commons license until we see that information in a reference such as longer listed. Generally, the directory explicitly states that someone our Policy of File or in the Sherpa-Romeo database. is faculty and their department. Sometimes it also explicitly states Rights — Federal Government Publications and Federal that a person is a graduate assistant and their department. For grad- Government Employee Authors uate students who aren’t graduate assistants, and for undergraduates, there is no information on a person’s status or affiliation, but status Part of investigating rights is determining if the item is a U.S. gov- can sometimes be determined from the department’s website. Oc- ernment publication, or a work authored by a U.S. government employee casionally there is no information to determine a person’s status or as a part of their job. If so, these items are in the public domain, so affiliation. If the DSS Librarian has an email address for the author she adds them to the repository, putting them on a Creative Commons (either given on the work or via the e-mail system), she’ll ask the Public Domain license, adding a note that states, “This is a work of author. Items can only be mapped to collections if a determination the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no on status and affiliation is possible based on the available informa- copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law” or tion. If both the status and affiliation cannot be determined, the item “This work was written as part of one of the author’s official duties as cannot be added to ScholarWorks@UMBC because it must go into an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work at least one collection. of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.” If making the collection determination early on in the process be- comes problematic or time consuming, the DSS Librarian generally Rights — Our Policies on File and the Scherpa-Romeo Database puts it off until the end so as not to be overly distracted from the steps If a work isn’t on a Creative Commons license, or in the public she’s currently working on, and because she might not be able to add domain, and it’s a journal article, the DSS Librarian finds the journal’s the item, and won’t actually need to make collection determinations. continued on page 74 Against the Grain / September 2019 73 open access is defined some other way, she stays within the publisher’s Biz of Digital definition of it. from page 73 Sometimes the DSS Librarian learns from Scherpa-Romeo that she can post the published version, and if that’s accessible to her, she goes self-archiving policy using a “Policies on File” document (https://wiki. ahead and adds it. If it’s not accessible, she asks the author for it. Most umbc.edu/display/library/Policies+on+File) or the Scherpa-Romeo frequently she finds in Scherpa-Romeo that only the pre-print or post- database of publisher copyright policies and self-archiving (http://www. print of an article can be posted. These are also known as the submitted sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php). Initially she used only the Romeo-Scher- and accepted version of the article. The pre-print or submitted version is pa database, but conference proceedings publishers aren’t included, and as the manuscript before peer-review took place. The post-print or accepted these became quite numerous she created a “Policies on File” document version is the manuscript after the author has made peer-review edits, for them. In this document, she keeps a summary of each publisher’s but before the publisher has done any work on it. To get these versions policy that includes all terms to address, and a link to the full policy. of an article, she generally has to email the author to request them. Her Eventually she added all publishers’ policies she frequently uses to first email about this simply stated she was trying to add items to a new the “Policies on File” document, and additionally, policies that were repository. This resulted in a decent number of responses, but a second emailed to her by the publisher. By including frequently used publish- email that focused on how much open access can increase the citations ers in this document, she saves time in that she doesn’t have to search to works only available for a fee improved the responses significantly. for policies for those publishers, which sometimes takes a great deal of poking around on their website. Additionally, it saves time in that she doesn’t have to read complex, confusing, or lengthy legalese in policies and author agree- ments to find the information she needs each time she has another work from that publisher. Eventually, it also provided a way to enable students and staff to make decisions without them also having to review such complex and confusing documents and agreements. By including policies emailed to her by the publisher, she retains a record of what she was told Figure 3 Asking for a pre-print or post-print with explanation so that she doesn’t have to ask each and of how open access increases citations every time she receives a work from that publisher. The Policies on File document is available on the UMBC If an author sends the pre-print or post-print, she adds it to the re- Library’s intranet with other documentation, here: https://wiki.umbc. pository. In the event the author provides the published version rather edu/display/library/Policies+on+File. It will be important to period- than the pre-print and post-print, the DSS Librarian explains the risk ically check this document against the publisher’s policies to note any of copyright infringement and provides more detail on the version she changes that have been made and to ensure that links are still working. actually needs; sometimes they respond with an appropriate version The scope of Google Alerts is journal articles and case law, so the and sometimes they don’t. If they don’t respond, or don’t provide an initial procedure for finding rights information assumed that all works appropriate version, she addresses the work during the follow-up process retrieved via Google Scholar Alerts were journal articles, but they also described above under “Paywall.” include conference papers, presentation slides, book chapters, reports, Google Scholar Alerts procedure documentation is available here: unpublished items etc. To address this, she systematically focused on https://wiki.umbc.edu/display/library/Google+Alerts. The DSS Librar- only journal articles and conference papers, both of which were avail- ian updates it as time permits. able in substantial quantities. The first step for these was to check them Rights — Terms against the “Policies on File” document, frequently adding publishers’ Unless a submission to the repository is only a link or unpublished, policies as she receives quantities of their works. If the DSS librarian specific terms must be adhered to. The terms of allCreative Commons doesn’t get the self-achiving information there, what she does varies licensed materials require that a citation be included, and the inclusion based on whether the item is a conference proceeding or journal article. of a citation is so ubiquitous that it can be assumed to be required on all For conference proceedings, she searches the conference, conference published works. Most publishers also require a link to the final pub- website, and conference proceedings to look for a posted policy. If she lished version of the work, and/or a DOI linking to the final published can’t locate a posted policy for a conference, she’ll link to them without version of the work. Some require copyright statements, and some providing a pdf if the content is available freely on the web; if it’s not require specific statements with information on the work, sometimes freely available, that one will be skipped. If there is a large quanitity the full citation, plugged in. Finally, some require embargo period be of works from the same conference, she’ll look for a contact and ask adhered to, a period of time after official publication and before which about their policy. For journal articles, she searches the Scherpa-Romeo the work can be made available via repositories. Care must be taken database, and if there’s no information there, she’ll search for the journal to note and adhere to the specific terms each publisher requires for or journal publisher and try to locate a self-archiving policy on their inclusion in the repository. site. When trying to find self-archiving policies for either conference papers or journal articles, the publishers don’t usually call them that, so Processing Requests to Load Materials it often takes some poking around on their website and perusing a few When the DSS Librarian contacts faculty with a request related different pages before finding the one(s) with the information needed. to content discovered via Google Scholar Alerts, they occasionally When the DSS Librarian locates rights information, she some- respond with their own requests for additional materials for the repos- times discovers that the entire conference proceedings or journals are itory. The first of these types of requests came from faculty that had open-access, or everything that publisher publishes is open access, even come from another university that had a repository, and they wanted though this isn’t indicated on the work itself. She has to determine if their materials from that repository added to ours. Sometimes when by open access they mean that it’s on a Creative Commons license, faculty respond to our requests for a work, they attach the pre-print or free on their website, or are using some other definition of open access. post-print of other papers that they’ve written. Other times, they’ve It can also take some searching on the publisher’s website to find the directed us to their public Google Scholar Page, their Lab publication Creative Commons license the proceedings or journal are on. If she page, or a facility publication page. Sometimes they send a list of has confirmed it is on a Creative Commons license, then she handles everything that they’ve published or their CV. Later in outreach, the as described above under “Rights-Creative Commons Licenses.” If continued on page 75 74 Against the Grain / September 2019 the directory. Therefore, unless it’s freely available or on Creative Com- Biz of Digital mons license, she does not do anything with items published that long ago. from page 74 For more recent content, if an item was written before the person came to UMBC, she adds the item on their department’s page but doesn’t Digital Scholarship Services Librarian would tell them that they can add it to the Faculty Collection since the individual wasn’t UMBC send lists, CVs, or a link to their Google Scholar profile and the library faculty when they wrote it. would process and add these items. Permissions: When the DSS Librarian discovers a UMBC publica- The additional publications that the DSS Librarian receives are tion via Google Alerts, she asks permission to load when the item isn’t handled exactly in the same manner as she handles the Google Alerts, on a Creative Commons license and the author(s) own the copyright. with some key differences: However, when she receives a request to load the item, either individ- Variations in the Materials and Information Provided ually or as part of list or Google Scholar page, permission to load is PDFs: When working from Google, there is usually a link to the implied, so she doesn’t ask. full-text version of a work on the publisher’s website, or to the pub- Fewer out-of-scope works: When working from websites and CV’s, lisher’s record for the item with the link to the work. Most often this out-of-scope works and works without an author affiliated withUMBC isn’t a version the DSS Librarian can load and she has to ask one of are extremely rare compared to Google Alerts and Google Profiles. the authors to provide the pre-print or post-print. The pdf on a local Information on status/department: When loading publications website (e.g., a lab or faculty webpage) may or may not be a version from a center or lab website, authors’ profiles are sometimes available, that can be loaded in the repository. Publisher’s versions which usually precluding the need to search the directory for that information. When can’t be posted in repositories, are readily identified by the publisher’s it’s not on the work, and she sometimes get a lot more information from trademark, their copyright statement, and with pagination that doesn’t the website than she’d get from the directory if the department maintains begin with one. Pre- and post-prints can be identified by the lack of this historical records as opposed to deleting people when they leave UMBC. information. When in doubt, the version posted can be compared to the Keywords for labs: When loading materials from a lab’s publica- published version. Depending on the age of the item in question, the DSS tion page, she adds the name of the lab as a keyword. This allows for Librarian may or may not ask the author for a version to load. When keyword searching that will generate a link to the lab’s publications working with some sources, she finds the versions to almost always which can then be shared with the lab. be a version that can’t be added, and with others, they’ve consistently posted a version that can be added. Determining How to Document Procedures for Links: Google usually links to the record for a work, so metadata Different Types of Sources with a great deal of information and the published version of the work While there is a lot of variation in the different sources of items to be is instantly available. But sometimes Google links directly to the pdf, processed, there are also enough key similarities and overlaps to make in which case the DSS Librarian searches to find a record with metadata it preferable to manage a single long procedure, outlining when you do because she wants to link to the published version, provide a DOI, and and don’t perform certain steps. The DSS Librarian didn’t begin this get metadata and a citation from the publisher’s record. When a lab integrated document until a student began working on this. It’s intended or faculty website has a link to a pdf of the full text, the lab or faculty to eventually be a catch-all document that describes how to handle 90- website may or may not have a link to the published document — when 95% of works received with any exceptions to be referred to the DSS it’s omitted she searches for it because, again, she wants to link to the Librarian for processing. This procedure will be discussed in more published version, provide a DOI, and get metadata and a citation from detail in the upcoming Part 3, Expansion, for this series. the publisher’s record. Procedures for other formats weren’t documented until a student Metadata: Google usually provides accurate but limited informa- was hired and began working on this, when the existing procedure and tion about a work, e.g., the work’s title, the name of the journal it was documentation proved inadequate in failing to provide information on published in, volume and number, pages, and publisher’s record can be anything but serials and conference proceedings. Those procedures will used to complete that information. On the other hand, when working also be discussed in more detail in Part 3, Expansion. with websites, lists, and CVs, titles don’t always exactly match the title Adding a Work to ScholarWorks@UMBC of the published version, or might include abbreviated or even erroneous journal information, making it difficult to locate the published version Early on, when creating metadata records in ScholarWorks@UMBC, of the work. Generally, a title search on Google will yield the published the DSS Librarian realized that she was handling some things incon- version of the item. If it can’t be located that way, the DSS Librarian sistently, so she documented what goes into each field (available here: searches the journal title or an abbreviated form of it to try to find the https://wiki.umbc.edu/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=73893118). item on the journal’s site. On the journal’s site, she title searches, but She would process an item, and then enter it. When doing this, she sometimes when the items that aren’t coming up by title, she’ll also would have to note or remember information as she found it to fill in search by the author. Some journal websites don’t have search capability the metadata accurately. However, it was still easy to forget to add and she has to navigate to the work by volume and issue. some bits of information, so she needed a consistent method of adding items that guided her through everything that she needed. Additionally, Locating pre-prints and post-prints: The DSS Librarian seldom some of the information required judgement calls that a new student searches titles of works coming on Google alerts. First, she doesn’t assistant or staff person wouldn’t be able to make. Further, the text need to locate the publisher’s record since there’s usually a link to it, in the documentation was very dense, making it difficult for a student and also because publications are usually new, the work isn’t usually assistant or staff person to follow while actually entering new items in posted on other sites yet. With websites, CVs, and lists of publications, the repository. Most of these issues were resolved later in advance of she usually title searches items, both to locate the publisher’s record hiring and are discussed in the next session. if necessary, and also to look at the work on other sites, where she can sometimes find a free full text version of the article that she can either Conclusions load or link to. For example, frequently she finds biology works avail- Initial procedures and documentation for an operation relying on able for free on PubMed and is able to load the version on PubMed or one librarian were an important stepping stone. While they weren’t link to the version on PubMed. completely satisfactory, or always thoroughly documented, opportu- Variations in the age of items: Google Alerts only provide notifica- nities for changes were identified and made, in an iterative process. It tion for newly published items. The DSS Librarian also consults other allowed time to accumulate information, test, and revise. This made lists of items published before the author was at UMBC which sometimes the procedures work better, and the documentation more complete and include items that were published more than 20 years ago. When a work easier to follow. Having these interim procedures and documentation is more than 20 years old, a publisher’s current self-archiving policy in place facilitated the expansion of the service described in Part 3 by certainly doesn’t apply to it. Additionally, it is not always feasible to allowing for intense focus on making the procedures and documentation determine status and departmental affiliation of authors on older works complete, easily understood, and readily usable by student assistants because authors are more likely to have left UMBC and are no longer in and potentially eventually by staff. Against the Grain / September 2019 75 Don’s Conference Notes by Donald T. Hawkins (Freelance Conference Blogger and Editor) and Leah Hinds (Executive Director, Charleston Library Conference) The 2019 ACRL Conference: Recasting the How Faculty Members Demonstrate Impact This standing-room-only session featured six reports describing Narrative a multi-dimensional study of faculty members’ understandings, per- ceptions, and strategies regarding impact metrics. Dan DeSanto and Column Editor’s Note: Because of space limitations, this is an Aaron Nichols from the University of Vermont created a survey and abridged version of our report on this conference. You can read presented a report on it at ACRL 2017. the full article which includes descriptions of additional sessions • How familiar are faculty members with scholarly metrics and at https://www.against-the-grain.com/2019/09/v31-4-dons- altmetrics? conference-notes/. — DTH & LH • How accurate do faculty members perceive scholarly impact metrics to be? ore than 3,000 attendees from 23 countries met in Cleveland, • How important are scholarly metrics to faculty members? OH on April 10-13 for the biannual conference of the As- • How much weight do faculty members believe should be Msociation of College & Research Libraries (ACRL). The given to scholarly impact metrics? conference featured traditional plenary and concurrent presentations, • How are scholarly impact metrics used in the promotion and poster sessions, an exhibit hall with 223 exhibitors, round-table discus- tenure (P&T) process? sions, and a reception at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. There were 1,222 responses to the survey; here are some results: • In general, faculty members were less familiar with altmet- rics than traditional ones; the majority of Arts & Humanities (A&H) faculty members said they were “not at all familiar” with altmetrics. • A&H faculty members perceived scholarly metrics to be less accurate than faculty members in the sciences, social sciences and health sciences, and faculty members in those disciplines reported higher perceived importance. • A&H faculty members perceive, value, and use metrics dif- ferently than faculty members in other disciplines. • The role of scholarly metrics in the P&T process remains unclear to most faculty members. Audience at the Opening Keynote These results suggest that we need a better understanding of what A&H disciplines value in metrics, how metrics are being used in general, Opening Keynote and why they struggle for visibility. Michelle Norris, the opening keynote speaker, is an award-winning Understanding Graduate Students’ Knowledge of journalist, founder of the Race Card Project,1 and Executive Director of The Bridge,2 a program of the Aspen Institute on race, identity, Research Data Management (RDM) connectivity, and inclusion. She began Two librarians from the University of Pittsburgh and one from her address by noting that not only do the nearby Duquesne University noticed a significant interest in RDM by stories we tell define us, but they can also graduate students and suspected that there was a more widespread need confine us and keep us from seeing things. on their campuses. Not only was there a need for RDM training, but Race is a big topic and is often difficult to graduate students were doing most of the work on RDM, and in many discuss. So she founded the Race Card cases faculty members did not know what they were doing. Project, which challenges participants to Students learn from courses, hands-on experiences from labs and reduce their thoughts to six words and projects, and individually. Differences in student workflows depended send it to her. The response to the project on the discipline in which they were working: science students’ work was huge; thousands of cards were sent. was influenced by instruments and experiments; those in the humanities Many of them used humor; many were and social sciences had more ad hoc and individual practices. Many about people’s identities; and others students are concerned about losing data and do regular backups (one Michelle Norris were aspirational. (Norris’s six words even mailed a hard drive to parents for safekeeping!). Some students are “still more work to be do not know the source of the data they are working with because done.”) Sometimes the stories are difficult, but in they are not integrated into the overall workflow but are just this project, people find ways they can celebrate assigned tasks. their differences and realize what they have in Libraries can play a role in the RDM process. Students common and what they do not, which helps us to want certifications, courses, workshops, and practical understand diversity. training to help them streamline what they do. Libraries The most work we can do is to create spaces can provide help with citation management, such as con- where people can listen to each other. Libraries ducting workshops on EndNote and even the intricacies are places where that can happen. It is always of Excel. Most students are focused on data creation and good to listen first and figure out what you can are not aware of what happens to it throughout its life agree on, stay together with people that you do cycle, which suggests that libraries can teach RDM as a not agree with and who may have pilloried you, system and should consider embedding RDM education and then work on recapturing lost relationships. into research practices. continued on page 77

76 Against the Grain / September 2019 to be the colonizer. The problem is not that we are voiceless; it is that Don’s Conference Notes we are not heard. The desire of a voice for the voiceless is a symptom from page 76 of colonization, but we need de-colonization. Some of the ways to do that include abolishing the present industrial complex, de-militarization, Reshaping the Library Literature etc., which are difficult but not impossible. Heather Getsay and Aiping Chen-Gaffey, Professors in the Bailey Library at Slippery Rock University (SRU), PA, reported on research ACRL Roadshow Showcase: Move Your Library Forward they conducted on publishing activities of technical services librarians with Local, Affordable, In-Person Training at smaller institutions like SRU and the challenges such librarians have The ACRL Roadshow4 is a series of one-day traveling workshops faced. They collected a sample of library literature published from 2013 that bring the learning to you. There are six different choices of topics, to 2018 and also a sample of 15 job descriptions from institutions of from assessment to data management to standards, and each is led by different sizes and found the following: expert presenters in the field. We Don’t Need That Any More: Impact of Digitization on Print Usage In a standing-room-only session, Thomas Teper and Vera Vasileva from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign discussed their research on differences in demand for print titles before and after dig- itization and the difference in demand for those published before and after 1923. Results of their study indicated that: • There are measurable differences in demand based on the subject classifications of the items and their circulation. • Average annual use for print resources decreases after digiti- zation. • The results appear to contradict speculation that the free access to pre-1923 items decreases demand. In fact, after digitization, pre-1923 items circulated more frequently than Opportunities for librarians at smaller institutions are: post-1923 items. • Maintain awareness of trends in the field, Scientists Don’t Use Books — Or Do They? • Develop research from their technical services work, Michelle Wilde, Coordinator, College Liaisons, Colorado State • Co-author with colleagues from larger institutions, and University (CSU), investigated how eBook statistics can challenge • Partner with larger institutions. conventional wisdom and inform collection decisions. Today, attitudes toward eBooks are changing rapidly. Usage and adoption seems to Open Textbook Toolkit: Developing a vary by institution. At CSU, after a flood in 2012 destroyed many New Narrative for OER Support of the print books in storage, eBooks have been the preferred format Presented by Will Cross and Mira Walker from NC State Univer- for monograph purchasing, and now they have over 500,000 of them. sity, this standing-room-only session focused on IMLS-funded research eBooks are purchased from publishers in three packages: that was completed to help faculty in the psychology department at NC • Ownership (from Springer and Elsevier): The content is State implement open education resources (OERs). They discussed DRM free, and users have access to a wide variety of holdings. perceived barriers for faculty to implement OERs on campus, and pro- Usage of these works is increasing. vided actionable recommendations to support adoption of OERs at other • Lease: Some high-impact titles are only available in a lease institutions and in other fields. A faculty guide to OERs is available on 3 arrangement, which has the disadvantage that monographs the NC State website. become treated like serials. Thursday Keynote • An evidence-based model is emerging. Viet Than Nguyen, Professor of English and American Studies and CSU has experienced a dramatic increase in demand-driven acqui- Ethnicity at the University of Southern California, a writer, and winner sitions of eBooks. of the Pulitzer and Macarthur prizes, came to the U.S. as a refugee from the Vietnam War in 1975. He was unable to find a sponsor for all four The Eyes Have It: Using Eye Tracking to members of his family; separating from Evaluate a Library Website his parents still affects him as a traumatic Tracey Kry from Western New England University and Emily experience. Now that he is a father, he can Porter-Fyke from Fairfield University wanted to evaluate how a library see what the experience was like for them. website was used (reading vs. scanning), the use of buttons, navigation, Being a refugee gave him the necessary and terminology. They developed a list of tasks that students could do, experience to become a writer. recruited testers (mainly engineering students), and used Tobii-2 glasses5 Today, we are living in the worst ref- to observe and record which parts of the ugee crisis since World War II. There is site were being looked at. something stigmatizing a refugee because Viet Than Nguyen Nine first-year students used a talk- nobody knows what to say to you after aloud protocol to describe how they used you disclose that. In 1975, most of the American public did not want the website in performing the assigned to accept refugees from Southeast Asia, but immigrants and refugees Tobii-2 Glasses tasks. The resulting data told the investi- have the right to be as ordinary as every other American. gators which ones were the most difficult We need more diverse representation — the publishing industry is to complete and the optimal path that the students used. The most fre- 87% white, which tells us that there is a persistence of colonization in quently viewed section of the web pages was the left side. Participants the U.S. Successful colonization occurs when the settlers never leave; rarely scrolled down to look at the lower (“below the fold”) sections of it is called the American dream. We need to recognize that Vietnam is the page, but they were willing to use a search box if one was provided. a country, not a war! They usually scanned pages rather than reading them. Jargon was a We have made some bad choices in the past: when we have had problem for the participants. the choice of being the colonizer or being colonized, we have chosen continued on page 78

Against the Grain / September 2019 77 Elsevier’s AI resource center9 provides free access to research and Don’s Conference Notes expert commentary on AI as well as a link to a newly issued report en- from page 77 titled “Artificial Intelligence: How knowledge is created, transferred, and used.” Start Something New: How Libraries Support In response to a set of three questions, panel members’ responses Cross-Campus Entrepreneurship Education included: This session featured four librarians showing how they support entre- • Librarians bring a special perspective to the issues of ethics preneurship through the library in a variety of ways on diverse campuses. and privacy. Ash Faulkner (The Ohio State University), Genifer Snipes (Univer- • How can we track truth in research and understand what is sity of Oregon), and Marlinda Karo (Houston Community College) embedded in articles? discussed topics such as outreach, instruction, campus and community • Claims for AI are not reproducible if the data is not published. engagement, and collection issues. Some examples of library support were helping to coach students for “pitch” style contests, providing space • How do we prepare students for an environment where they and support for entrepreneurial club events and workshops, and more. need higher level thinking skills? Another discussion was on collections issues, and the unique challenges • AI is not just one thing; it is an infrastructure and integrated faced in providing entrepreneurship resources. Most databases still already into many things we already use (Google, robotics, etc.). focus on brick-and-mortar/traditional industries and keeping up with the landscape of available resources is challenging. Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey 2018 Christine Wolff-Eisenberg and Roger Schonfeld of Ithaka S+R Talking About Research: Applying Textual Analysis unveiled key findings from the 2018 Faculty Survey that has been track- Software to Student Interviews ing the attitudes and behaviors of U.S. faculty members since 2000 to What does the term “research” mean to students and how do provide longitudinal data on key issues and trend analysis of changes they form narratives to make sense of the research process? Sarah across survey cycles. Key takeaways from the survey results include: Wagner and Ann Marshall from Purdue University Fort Wayne • Discovery starting points are shifting towards Google Scholar used Voyant Tools6 to analyze the conversations of 20 undergraduate and other general search engines. students who were involved with a research project. Common words • Faculty members increasingly prefer to manage and preserve associated with “research” included “paper,” “project,” “class,” and their data using cloud-based storage services. “presentation.” Many students thought of research as work. It is • While faculty are increasingly interested in an open access important to note that libraries need a deep appreciation of students’ publication model, traditional scholarly incentives continue perspectives on their work. to motivate their decision-making. Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Libraries • There is substantial interest in use of open educational re- A panel of librarians and publisher representatives noted that there sources for instructional practices, particularly from younger is no common definition of artificial intelligence (AI), but the Projects faculty members. in Artificial Intelligence Registry (PAIR)7 maintained at the University • Faculty are skeptical about the value of using learning ana- of Oklahoma Library can give us a view of its scope. lytics tools. M.J. Tooey, Associate VP, Academic Affairs, University of Mary- • The role of the library in archiving materials is increasingly land Baltimore, started a Journal Club to discuss topics such as: important. • What do Google and Facebook know about us and how do The full report can be found online.10 Against the Grain will also be they know? publishing a special report from librarians in the field on their response • AI in healthcare, and experiences with faculty on the key findings presented here. • Data accuracy (or inaccuracy) and its effect on AI, Creating Ideas Into Reality: Spaces and Programs • Intelligent agents and how they work, that Open Up the Imagination • Ethical and privacy considerations, and Kari Kozak, Head, Engineering Library, University of Iowa • Where do we go from here? developed an innovative tool library after receiving an email from a Bohyun Kim, Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island frustrated professor who had 38 hand tools to donate. Now the library (URI) Libraries, described an AI lab at URI8 that offers workshops has more than 225 tools that can be checked out; in the fall semester of on basic programming, robotics, etc. She said that we will soon be 2018, 1,703 were borrowed. The most popular tools are calculators, interacting with machine intelligence; should we delegate high-level tape measures, ruler sets, and calipers. tasks to the machine? AI may appear magical but it is based on the data The tool library has given rise to the creation of a creative space to given to the system, so we must pay close attention to the algorithms teach prototyping, virtual reality, computer programming and circuit used to generate the data. building in a welcoming and fun environment. Topics include how to Adam Griff, Managing Director, Brightspot Consulting, presented solder, create a poster, and program a computer. new roles for the library in the age of AI: Using funding provided by the Engineering Technology Center, • The library as a convenor: bringing people together to discuss five kick-start awards of $500 each were given to individual students AI, particularly around ethical issues such as privacy and or teams to help them bring their projects into reality. The response to equity. this program was very positive. • The library as creator: supporting AI and machine learning Reconceptualizing the Conference Experience projects in the library and finding relationships across disci- This panel presented tips and best practices on how and why to start plines. Librarians have functional expertise around tools; AI your own grassroots conference, especially focused on inclusivity and will enhance this trend. accessibility for small conferences. Each person on the panel had been • The library as service adaptor: using AI to provide library involved with starting or organizing a small-scale conference event. The services such as Strayer University’s student service chatbot panel was composed of Rebecca Halpern (The Claremont Colleges and the University of Oklahoma’s SoonerBot. Library), Elizabeth Galoozis (University of Southern California), • The library as discovery adaptor: using AI to enable and assist Nataly Blas (Loyola Marymount University), Kayleen Jones with discovery and research, creating metadata. (University of Minnesota Duluth), Stephanie Pierce (University of Ann Gabriel, Senior VP, Global Strategic Markets, Elsevier de- Arkansas), and a video presentation from Ali Versluis (University of scribed how knowledge is created and used. No sector of knowledge Guelph). They posited that although conferences are seen as a central is focused on ethics. continued on page 79

78 Against the Grain / September 2019 list of poster sessions, descriptions, and presenters, and some PDF image Don’s Conference Notes files are listed in the conference program.11 from page 78 component to spread knowledge, gather new ideas, and network within the library profession, they often remain inaccessible to many library staff, thus reinforcing inequalities in the profession. Some tips and takeaways included setting clear goals, a meaningful mission, and a theme that supports conference goals; designing an engaging space; looking for funding through local grants. Always remember to have fun and embrace the setbacks to learn for next time. Publish Not Perish: Real Talk About Content Management Systems Courtney McDonald, Learner Experience & Engagement Librarian, University of Colorado Boulder, and Heidi Burkhardt, Web Project Manager & Content Strategist, University of Michigan, noted that libraries are publishers, and their Content Management Systems (CMSs) are powerful because staff at all levels can create and publish content using them. But creating content takes time, and producing more noise than signal can become the norm. Challenges that can arise include: Typical poster • So many authors producing content that it becomes difficult to track them, • Lack of a consistent voice for the organization, • Content bloat with repetition and duplication, • Lingering content without regular updates so that it becomes “crusty,” • Sites based on the organization chart, and • Poor accessibility, quality, etc. Organizations need a content strategy to manage content and ensure that it is useful, usable, well structured, and easily found and understood. This requires the following five steps: Why — Why is the content being produced and why would some- one be interested in it? Why would they choose your content and not someone else’s? If you cannot say why someone would use your content, you need to think about your site. Who — Who is authoring, editing, approving, and publishing the content? Who are the internal decision makers? Who is the primary target audience? Who are the frequent users and who A user sending a message to the author of the poster does not visit the website at all? What and Where — What do you have? Where does it live? Who owns and maintains it? What is the audience and purpose of the platforms? What kinds of actions make sense in the cul- ture of the organization? Where are you putting your content? Is it running wild? What do you control and have influence on? When — When was the content born? When will you get around to fixing errors? When do you plan to revisit this content and this platform? Figure out your priorities. No page should be alone for its entire life; have an editorial calendar. How — Write well and write well for the web. Be thinking about Options for communicating with the author things to make your content more accessible and play to your strengths. Produce high quality standards-compliant content. Closing Session Alison Bechdel, author of the graphic novel Fun Home (Houghton Decide which is the most critical of these questions to address and 12 use your CMS for good! Mifflin, 2006) and the long-running comic series “Dykes to Watch Out For” closed the conference with Poster Sessions stories connecting her work with what ACRL hosted a series of digital-only poster sessions across several she called an “intense library cathexis,” days of the conference. The platform used touch-screen laptops that en- with libraries and books as central abled presenters and attendees to swipe and zoom on the poster images, themes in all of them, and of the often as well as enter their name and email address messy relationship between narrative to receive a PDF copy of the poster or more and truth. information. “Libraries Each poster are crucial session timeslot as one of had 24 posters the last Alison Bechdel organized in in- spaces that novative groups exist not to sell you something, but to give of six in a hex- you something for free.” agonal arrange- ment. The full continued on page 82

Against the Grain / September 2019 79 Mayflower: Ode to New Beginnings — Beautiful Connector: Collection Showcase Exhibits as Teaching Tools and Community Builders Column Editor: Antje Mays (Director of Collections, University of Kentucky Libraries)

Column Editor’s Note: Libraries’ quest to strengthen connections Exhibit 1: Window of with their constituencies often finds expression in new services and Shanghai repurposed user spaces. Some literature portrays libraries as focus- The Window of Shang- ing away from collections toward new trends in library portfolios, hai exhibit (Spring 2018) but showcasing collections can prove very effective in bringing the consisted of a physical library and user communities closer together. This article recounts exhibit and a companion two recent library collection showcase exhibits as successful examples website with related re- of bolstering stakeholder connections. — AM search strategies. This exhibit highlighted some Background: Why Collections Exhibits? of the books received through our library’s participation in the Window of Shanghai pro- Expansion into new services abounds and reflects the changing gram. China’s Shanghai Library launched this nature of research, scholarship (Albitz, Avery, & Zabel, 2017; Eden, cultural exchange 2015), and ambitious libraries’ pursuit of distinction (Harris, 2016). program in 2002 as As a long-established core feature of libraries, collections for their own a way to introduce sake are increasingly viewed as outmoded and secondary to outreach, Chinese culture to assessment, instruction (Linden, et al., 2018; Way, 2017), and to new overseas readers. initiatives steeped in technologies or revamped spaces (Fernandez & The Shanghai Li- Tilton, 2018). Yet as distinctive foods remain the defining prerequisite brary donates new for sustained excellence in renowned restaurants (Jin et al., 2015; Stone Chinese publica- et al., 2018), so do library collections remain central to intellectual An Illustrated tions to overseas rigor in teaching, learning, and research by providing information as book page libraries during the raw materials for knowledge and discovery (Scull, 2017). Academic partnership’s ac- faculty acknowledge the importance of collections in the broader con- tive three- texts of instruction and research support, but many are unaware of the year pro- library resources available to them (Schwartz & Albers-Smith, 2015). gram period Learning is enhanced through skilled navigation of information and (Window resources, but meaningful engagement with the curriculum is weakened of Shang- by incomplete awareness of the collections’ extent (Swanson & Jag- Manga biography of hai, 2019). Confucius man, 2015). Providing information resources and expertise in fostering Books in users’ research skills and lifelong learning is among the University of this program include heavily illustrated Kentucky Libraries’ strategic goals (UK Libraries, 2015). Exhibits A traditional thread- children’s books, manga, heavily illus- for showcasing collections and related research strategies, especially bound book trated books on artistic, architectural, when combined with marketing and outreach, can prove effective in and cultural helping campus communities more fully harness the power of library traditions, as well as handcrafted books resources in their research. thread-bound with traditional silk cord. Tools for Collections Exhibits Coverage includes Chinese medicine, The University of Kentucky’s nine campus libraries’ rich collections language study for all ages, literature, support undergraduate through doctoral programs across all disciplines. history, culture, and the arts. The books’ Our library exhibit spaces host a variety of displays — some exhibits breadth of topics and readership levels are collaborations with other campus areas, while others showcase support undergraduate and graduate special-topic collection areas. In the main university library, physical students as well as Education students Children’s book with exhibit spaces include multiple wall spaces for image exhibits, seven learning to teach foreign languages and practice letters locked acrylic exhibit cases in two sizes (complete with lining fabric cultural heritage in schools. and display supplies), and six free-standing seven-foot movable kiosks Supplies and preparations: A few months after my arrival at UK for mounting poster-sized materials. In addition, six wall pillars in Libraries during summer 2017, the library monograph manager and I a high-traffic location are fitted as digital display screens for virtual began brainstorming and collaborating on exhibits. ideas for showcasing Window of Shanghai Two recent library collection exhibits highlighted particular focal materials. To broaden instructional reach, points: The Spring 2018 exhibit focused on Chinese materials from we decided to combine a physical exhibit the Window of Shanghai program; the Fall 2018 exhibit showcased with a companion website. The physical jurisprudence and informed citizenship in honor of Constitution Day. exhibit in the cases showed representative Both physical exhibits featured focused samplings of library materials, samples from the wide range of books and related artifacts, and pertinent research strategies — all arranged with related cultural artifacts on loan from two artistic flair and marketed to campus communities. The larger exhibit library colleagues. in Fall 2018 was augmented with a virtual display in the busy hub area. The exhibit’s companion webpage Companion webpages for each exhibit fed into library marketing, direct (Window of Shanghai, 2018) showed se- invitations to campus contacts, and interactive learning activities. This lected photographs of materials on display multi-prong approach boosted exhibit visits and participation in related and included a PDF version of our trifold activities. Both exhibits sparked new conversations and heightened Window of Shanghai ex- exhibit brochure. The webpage also awareness of the library collections’ breadth and depth. hibit companion website continued on page 81

80 Against the Grain / September 2019 worked with a local sign company who produced the retractable and Mayflower: Ode to New Beginnings portable stand-up banner. The banner prominently marked the exhibit from page 80 entry and drew visitors to the poster displays, pointers to online learning activities, and exhibit cases. Since the exhibit, the federal regional depos- featured two small sections with research itory librarian has incorporated the historical documents and banner in tips to help exhibit visitors find related some conference presentations, professional library materials: One section’s live search meetings, and collaborative projects. links focused on specific topics; the other The physical exhibit comprised five ex- section’s live searches linked to materials hibit cases, two tall freestanding kiosks, and from specific publishers of library books the locally designed seven-foot promotional from the Window of Shanghai program. banner. The exhibit cases featured books, These live searches facilitated further U.S. Government publications, artifacts, engagement with related library resources. and pointed to This successful engagement inspired new instructional ideas for a comprehensive language guide materials for and integrating the Window of Shanghai page therein. hands-on and online learning activities. Exhibit 2: Constitution Day Constitution-related scholarly books A larger-scale exhibit honoring Constitution Day ran during Sep- encompassed constitutional history, legal tember 2018. More elaborate in scope, this multifaceted exhibit was a scholarship, political science, citizenship collaboration with the federal regional depository librarian as well as staff education, and students from her unit. Our brainstorms led and biogra- us to develop a multimodal exhibit consisting phies of the nation’s founders, including of five distinct yet interrelated elements: (1) a 1973 Russian biography of George a month-long physical exhibit in the atrium, Washington published by the Young (2) month-long virtual companion exhibit, (3) Guard in Moscow (then USSR). Dis- month-long online learning activities, (4) a re- played U.S. Government publications in- ception with U.S. Constitution-themed cake and cluded the U.S. Constitution with Amend- learning activities on Constitution Day proper, ments in book form, pocket Constitutions, and (5) a companion website used to interlink a recent Congressional debate on First these physical and online components. Amendment protections on college campuses, a citizenship toolkit with educational books and civic flashcards, small posters with Constitu- Supplies and preparation: For the collections display, we chose a tion-related research strategies, and Constitu- variety of our books and Government Documents related to the United tion-era documents reproduced on parchment. States Constitution. The federal regional depository librarian worked The kiosks displayed reproductions of five with the GIS mapping specialist in reproducing several Constitution-relat- Constitution-related posters, parchment fac- ed posters published by the U.S. government, identified a set of National simile of the 1789 Resolution of the First Con- Archives historical facsimiles of our nation’s founding documents, de- gress Submitting Twelve Amendments to the signed patriotic decorations, and lent several Constitution-related artifacts Constitution, and posters with URLs to three from her personal collection to enhance the exhibit’s historical styling. online Constitution surveys. Constitution She also compiled voter registration information for all U.S. states and Day recep- territories for the exhibit website, planned the learning activities for tion and activities: September 17th, Constitution Day, designed a Government Documents scavenger hunt, 2018 marked the 231st anniversary of and obtained from the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) the Constitution’s signing. The Consti- pocket Constitutions, Ben’s Guide to the Constitution bookmarks, and tution Day celebration kicked off with other Constitution-themed items as giveaways during the activities on a cake reception and continued with Constitution Day. My part of the exhibit included creating posters of learning activities including the Gov- Constitution-related search strategies and sample results, ernment Documents scavenger hunt, a selfie station at the 7-foot Ben- photographing the exhibit and reception, designing three Franklin-themed stand-up banner, Constitution-related conversations, a Constitution-related one-question Qualtrics surveys and Constitution-themed jigsaw puzzle, giveaways of Constitution education analyzing responses, posting survey responses to the materials from GPO, and encouraging kiosks and website, and designing the virtual exhibit and visitors to complete the online Con- companion website. Event support: To enhance the stitution exhibit and related activities, our library administration surveys. supported purchase of historic document facsimiles, The virtu- learning materials, a promotional banner, and Consti- al exhibit tution-themed cake for the Constitution Day reception. The National comprised Archives’ set of parchment-printed historical facsimiles includes the a digital slideshow of founding milestones Declaration of Independence, the four-page U.S. Constitution, and the in Constitutional history, search strategies Bill of Rights. We incorporated these historical facsimiles in the physical and sample results on several nuanced exhibit — in one of the large cases, the federal depository librarian ar- research topics, the three one-question Exhibit poster and ranged the parchment Constitution with artistic flair and added her tricorn Constitu- hat for historical ambiance. To produce our promotional banner, we Virtual exhibit slide: tion survey Discovery search with secured from the United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) URLs, vi- permissions and vector files of two versions of results for “United sualizations States’ “Constitution” GPO’s mascot, a stylized image of Benjamin of survey Franklin (Ben’s Guide, 2019). From GPO’s AND (education OR responses, teaching OR study) two image versions, the regional depository and the QR librarian chose her preferred Ben Franklin code and URL to the exhibit website. image for the banner. My design for the ban- Survey respondents’ Three online surveys were designed ner layout incorporated her preferred image insightful comments on to gather in-person and virtual visitors’ version against a gradated sky background their favorite Constitu- thoughts on the Constitution: (1) Add your and anchored by UK Libraries branding; we tional amendments continued on page 82 Against the Grain / September 2019 81 References Mayflower: Ode to New Beginnings Albitz, B., Avery, C., and Zabel, D. (2017). Leading in the new academic from page 81 library. Santa Barbara, California : Libraries Unlimited. own Constitutional amendment Ben’s Guide to the U.S. Government (2019). Washington, D.C.: United (free-text write-in), (2) Which States Government Publishing Office. https://bensguide.gpo.gov/ Constitutional amendment is your Constitution Day (2018). (Library Collections Showcase: Exhibits & favorite? (multiple-choice, plus Events). Lexington: University of Kentucky Libraries. https://libguides.uky. optional free-text entry for stating edu/collshow/const why), and (3) interactive prefer- Eden, B. (2015). Cutting-edge research in developing the library of the ence ranking of all 27 amendments. future : New paths for building future services (Creating the 21st-century Survey responses were gathered Compilation of survey academic library ; 3). Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield. respondents’ preference and updated regularly, with vi- Fernandez, P., and Tilton, K. (2018). Applying library values to emerg- sualizations posted to the exhibit rankings for all 27 Con- stitutional amendments ing technology: Decision-making in the age of open access, maker spaces, website and physical display ki- and the ever-changing library (ACRL publications in librarianship ; no. 72). osks. The exhibit’s companion Chicago, Illinois : Association of College and Research Libraries, a division website featured selected photos from the physical exhibit and of the American Library Association. Constitution Day activities, a PDF version of the virtu- Harris, S. (2016). Distinctive services in academic librarianship. New al exhibit, links to the three Library World, 117(9/10), 596-625. Constitution surveys, and a Jin, N., Goh, B., Huffman, L., and Jessica Yuan, J. (2015). Predictors gallery of survey response and Outcomes of Perceived Image of Restaurant Innovativeness in Fine-Dining visualizations. A dropdown Restaurants. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(5), 1-29. Linden, Julie, Tudesco, Sarah, and Dollar, Daniel. (2018). Collections as a Service: A Research Library’s Perspective. College & Research Libraries, 79(1), 86-99. Schwartz, M., and Albers-Smith, J. (2015). Bridging the Librari- an-Faculty Gap in the Academic Library. Joint Study by Library Journal and Cengage Learning. Dropdown menu for site Scull, A. (2017). Developing dynamic intersections between collection navigation development and information literacy instruction (Innovations in information menu facilitated navigation to literacy). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. the full-text U.S. Constitution Stone, M., Soulard, J., Migacz, S., and Wolf, E. (2018). Elements of and all 27 Amendments, voter Memorable Food, Drink, and Culinary Tourism Experiences. Journal of Travel registration information for Research, 57(8), 1121-1132. all U.S. states and territories, Swanson, T., and Jagman, H. (2015). Not just where to click : Teaching and library research strategies students how to think about information (ACRL publications in librarianship; and resources (Constitution no. 68). Chicago, Illinois : Association of College and Research Libraries, a Day, 2018). division of the American Library Association. Observations and UK Libraries (2015). Strategic Plan 2015-2020. Lexington: University of Kentucky Libraries. https://libraries.uky.edu/forms/UK_Libraries_2015-2020_ Constitution Day exhibit Conclusions Strategic_Plan_Mission_Values_Goals.pdf companion website Both collection showcase Way, Doug. (2017). Transforming Monograph Collections with a Model of exhibits grew out of successful Collections as a Service. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 17(2), 283-294. collaborations. Both exhibits drew visitors and created engagement with research topics and library materials. The Window of Shang- Window of Shanghai (2019). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Library Institute hai exhibit spawned conversations related to language teaching of Scientific and Technical Information of Shanghai. http://windowofshanghai. and study. The Constitution Day exhibit and hands-on learning library.sh.cn/ activities generated widespread student interest and sparked Window of Shanghai (2018). (Library Collections Showcase: Exhibits and conversations about campus collaborations for future events. Events). Lexington: University of Kentucky Libraries. https://libguides.uky. Both exhibits triumphed as purposeful teaching tools and campus edu/collshow/shanghai connectors, providing a successful blueprint for future outreach.

Don’s Conference Notes of Personal Archiving: Preserving Our Digital Heritage, (Informa- tion Today, 2013) and Co-Editor of Public Knowledge: Access and from page 79 Benefits (Information Today, 2016). He holds a Ph.D. degree from the University of California, Berkeley and has worked in the online The next ACRL conference will be on April 14-17, 2021 in Seattle, information industry for over 45 years. WA, with the theme “Ascending in to an Open Future.” Leah H. Hinds was appointed Executive Director of the Charleston Conference in 2017, and has served in various roles with the Charles- Donald T. Hawkins is an information industry freelance writer ton Information Group, LLC, since 2004. Prior to working for the based in Pennsylvania. In addition to blogging and writing about conference, she was Assistant Director of Graduate Admissions for conferences for Against the Grain, he blogs the Computers in the College of Charleston for four years. She lives in a small town Libraries and Internet Librarian conferences for Information To- near Columbia, SC, with her husband and two kids where they raise day, Inc. (ITI) and maintains the Conference Calendar on the ITI a menagerie of farm animals. Website (http://www.infotoday.com/calendar.asp). He is the Editor endnotes on page 90

82 Against the Grain / September 2019 ATG PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Marta Brunner Sunshine Carter College Librarian Electronic Resources Librarian and Interim Skidmore College Collection Development Officer 815 N Broadway University of Minnesota Libraries Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 170 Wilson Library, 309-19th Avenue South Phone: (518) 580-5506 Minneapolis, MN 55455-0414 USA Phone: (612) 625-5615 • https://www.lib.umn.edu/about/staff/sunshine-carter Born and lived: I’m originally from the Great Lakes region (both sides of the border) but have lived nearly everywhere else since, including stints How/where do I see the industry in five years: In five years abroad. we will have more content available open access but costs will continue to rise for academic institutions whose faculty and staff publish. Professional career and activities: I came to academic li- brarianship through the Council on Library and Information Resources postdoctoral fellowship program, based at UCLA Library. Jason Dewland I recently took up ice hockey. In my spare time: Co-founder/CEO; Associate Librarian Favorite books: The Broken Earth trilogy by N.K. Jemisin. Sidecar Learning, LLC; University of Arizona Pet peeves: Poorly cooked rice, tacos made with flour tortillas. Tucson, AZ Phone: (520) 425-7123 How/where do I see the industry in five years: Though we will not, by any means, have completed the transition to open access, we will have gained important clarity on the question of how best to fund open access publishing more sustainably. www.sidecarlearning.com Born and lived: Athens, OH; Parma, MI; Boston, MA; Washington, DC; Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine; Oxford, MS; and Tucson, AZ. Alaina C. Bull Early life: Grew up in Parma, Michigan awarded a scholarship to Bos- First Year Experience Librarian ton University and have been learning and moving about ever since. University of Washington Tacoma I have worked in the au- 1900 Commerce Street Professional career and activities: tomotive, tech, and retail industries and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Tacoma, WA 98402 Macedonia and Ukraine before becoming a librarian. My first job in librar- Phone: (253) 692-4395 ies was working for my father in his high school library. My first profes- sional job working in academic libraries was when Duryea Callaway hired Born and lived: Greater Puget Sound region – Born in South Seattle, me as one of her graduate assistants at Wayne State University in Detroit, resident of Tacoma for past 15 years. I’ve lived in Georgia, and Montana MI. I have also worked at the University of Mississippi and the University at different points in my life also. of Arizona. Professional career and activities: Graduate of UW iSchool Family: Wife and two teenage children. in 2015, spent a year consulting and doing freelance information archi- Family, cooking, hiking, reading, watching colle- tecture work, then joined Project Information Literacy, and worked as an In my spare time: giate/Olympic wrestling and soccer. adjunct in the local community college system before joining UWT in April of 2018. On campus I work with several units to better embed the library Favorite books: Master and Margarita, The Bean Trees, Tomorrow in both curriculuar and co-curricular activities, one of my favorite projects and Yesterday, Neuromancer, and more. is a social justice themed book group that we co-facilitate with the Center Pet peeves: Misinformation. for Equity and Inclusion. Philosophy: Learn and do. I have a wife who works as a pediatric nurse, and we have two Family: Most memorable career achievement: Building the Sidecar boys under three. Learning platform and starting SCL. I have two very young kids, I am not sure what spare In my spare time: Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Help close the time is at this moment. graduation gap for first-generation students and raise the four-year grad- Favorite books: This changes with my mood and current interests, uation rate for all. but the ones I can circle back to and read again and again are any of the How/where do I see the industry in five years: I see librar- Harry Potter series, and anything by Neil Gaiman. ies becoming much more involved in student success and being a hub Pet peeves: Privacy violations in the name of “better data.” for learning and collaboration. We will begin to create interventions and use nudging to encourage our learners on the path of greater academ- Most memorable career achievement: Presenting on behalf of PIL in Berlin at the Next Library Conference: the entire conference site ic success. I am also excited to see how AR/VR will enhance discovery was a pop-up plywood site that was built in the five days prior to the con- and search as well as open up research to new styles of learning such ference. It was the most unique setting and conference I’ve attended. as Tucson’s All Souls Procession in 360 VR as well as Dr. Bryan Carter’s Virtual Harlem. Its about “Research. Lots of Research.” https://youtu. be/5oZi-wYarDs?t=4 continued on page 84

Against the Grain / September 2019 83 Born and lived: Albany, NY ’76-’94, Brussels ’94-’95, Charlottesville ATG Profiles Encouraged ’95-’99, NYC ’99-’01, DC ’01-’03, Boston ’03-’06, NYC ’06-present. from page 83 Early life: I grew up with life-threatening food allergies that created Alison J. Head a unique combination of optimism and risk-taking on the one hand and caution on the other. I also had an amazing art teacher and mentor who Executive Director piqued my interest in architecture and its impact on people, putting me on Project Information LIteracy the professional path I’m still following 30 years later. 4760 Montecito Avenue Santa Rosa, CA 95404 Professional career and activities: Elliot founded and leads Phone: (707) 800-7590 brightspot, a consultancy that is transforming the higher education experi- ence with smart strategy that connects people, programs, and places – on http://projectinfolit.org campus and online – to increase student success, improve research sup- port, and enable staff productivity. Elliot is an accomplished strategist, fa- Sonoma County. Born and lived: cilitator, and sense-maker who has helped transform over 75 colleges and Early life: Sonoma County and San Francisco Bay Area. universities. Elliot is a frequent speaker on reimagining the higher educa- Professional career and activities: See my CV at: https:// tion experience, having presented at more than 50 conferences including www.projectinfolit.org/uploads/2/7/5/4/27541717/cv_alison_head_3-14- EDUCAUSE, NACUBO, SXSWedu, SCUP, and Tradeline. He has written 19.pdf. dozens of articles in publications such as Planning for Higher Education, the Journal of Learning Spaces, Library Journal, EDUCAUSE Review, and Family: Yes. in Touchpoint: The Journal of Service Design. In my spare time: Garden. Family: Wife Liz, Daughter Nora (3.5 years), Son Theo (0.75 years). Favorite books: William Zinsser, On Writing Well, Howard Rheingold, Tools for Thought, and Joan Didion, The White Album. In my spare time: Spend time with family, Exercise, Cook, and Read what I call “action movie fiction” (Lee Child, David Baldacci, Michael Con- Hmm, forms like these?!? Pet peeves: nelly, John Grisham, James Rollins). Philosophy: Work hard, give it your all, and be sure to sleep at night. Favorite books: Jack Reacher Series. Became a Berk- Most memorable career achievement: Using the word “framework” when really you don’t know man-Klein Research Fellow at Harvard in 2011. Pet peeves: what you mean and so can’t be more specific. Living well, Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: “We do these things not because they are easy but be- having more free time!! Philosophy: cause they are hard. Because that goal will serve to organize and mea- How/where do I see the industry in five years: Information sure the best of our energies and skills.” – JFK Moonshot Speech at Rice literacy will be totally redefined, especially how it is taught by librarians, University because of the impact of algorithm-driven platforms on information seek- Creating the vision, ing and creation. Most memorable career achievement: program, service model, and staffing model for Hunt Library at NC State. Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Close student Shannon L. Farrell success gaps by race, income, and first gen status to create a more equi- Natural Resources Librarian table and engaging student experience University of Minnesota How/where do I see the industry in five years: I’d hope 390A Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue we’d have closed three gaps today – 1) connecting spaces, services, and St. Paul, MN 55108 staffing to learning and research outcomes; 2) the gap in time between Phone: (612) 624-4799 assessment and decision-making by using real-time data; 3) good pre- dictive models as the norm not the exception, able to look ahead as easily https://www.lib.umn.edu/about/staff/shannon-farrell as we look back. Professional career and activities: Previously worked as Agricultural & Biological Sciences Librarian at Colorado State University. Jennifer S. Ferguson Have held numerous offices within ALA, ALA-APA, and ACRL. Currently co-chair of the ACRL Science & Technology Section Professional Develop- Team Lead, Arts & Humanities ment committee. Tisch Library, Tufts University 35 Professors Row I would like How/where do I see the industry in five years: Medford, MA 02155 to see libraries responding more systematically to the perpetual problem Phone: (617) 627-2669 of the rising costs of journals and doing more to facilitate open access publishing. I would hope this would free up library budgets from primarily https://tischlibrary.tufts.edu/about-us/people/ collections to allow them to have more flexibility in responding to other jennifer-ferguson important services, such as data management and community outreach. Born and lived: Born in Portage, Indiana. After graduating from high school in Indiana, lived in: California, New Jersey, New York City, and cur- Elliot Felix rently in Andover, Massachusetts. Founder Professional career and activities: Prior to becoming an brightspot academic librarian I spent several years working as a Senior Research 434 West 33rd Street, Suite 1101 Associate in the financial industry. Since that time, I’ve worked as Lead New York, NY 10001 Reference Librarian (Rivier University); Liaison Librarian for Arts, Human- Phone: (347) 960-6365 ities & Careers (Simmons University), and Team Lead for Arts & Humanities (Tisch Library/Tufts University). During my time as an academic librarian, www.brightspotstrategy.com continued on page 85

84 Against the Grain / September 2019 John M. Jackson ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 84 Head of Outreach and Communications William H. Hannon Library I’ve published on topics that include education for librarianship, discovery Loyola Marymount UNiversity layer usability, and streaming video in academic libraries, and won the 1 LMU Drive MS 8200, Los Angeles, CA 90045 Association of College & Research Libraries-New England Chapter 2017 Phone: (310) 338-5234 • Fax: (310) 338-4484 Best Paper Award. In October 2018, my book, Using Authentic Assess- • johnxlibris.com ment in Information Literacy Programs, was published by Rowman & Little- Born and lived: I was born in Arkansas, but I grew up in Brandon, field. I’ve also been invited to speak at regional, national, and international Florida. conferences on a wide array of topics, including streaming video, informa- Early life: I was a band geek and spent most of my high school and tion literacy, and assessment. I have a BA from UCLA, an MA from Rutgers college years in the marching band. Eventually, my interests turned to University, and an MSLIS from Simmons College and have worked in both medieval studies and then to library science. special and academic libraries. Professional career and activities: Before coming to LMU, I Family: I’m married and have one son. My husband is an English profes- was the Reference & Instruction Librarian at Whittier College. I have been sor and, not surprisingly, my son is a graduate student in English. heavily involved with ACRL for the past six years. I’m a cinephile and love watching classic films – In my spare time: Family: Married with two kids and a pug. from all eras and all countries. I love to read and would also appreciate I garden every day. I am lucky to have about 800+ having a lot more time to travel! In my spare time: square feet of space in my backyard (in Los Angeles!). Currently, I’m Favorite books: The Master and Magarita and The White Guard (both growing onions, garlic, corn, beets, kohlrabi, cucumbers, tomatoes, sun- by Mikhail Bulgakov); Catch 22 by Joseph Heller; Slaughterhouse Five by flowers, dephiniums, flavia, snapdragons, oranges, apples, and peaches. Kurt Vonnegut; To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf; The House of Mirth Mindfulness in Plain English / Bhante Henepola Gu- and The Age of Innocence (both by Edith Wharton); anything by Shirley Favorite books: narantana. Jackson or Toni Morrison. Pet peeves: Email. Pet peeves: Texting while driving. We are all trying to do what we think is best for the people In October 2018 I pub- Philosophy: Most memorable career achievement: we love. lished my first book – Using Authentic Assessment in Information Literacy Programs – http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1062359671. Most memorable career achievement: Developing and co-teaching a full day workshop on professional development for a state- Perhaps write Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: wide conference. one more book. Publish my first Five years Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: How/where do I see the industry in five years: book. (or at least get started on it) from now, I see academic libraries continuing to experience a sort of “punctuated equilibrium,” during which change will happen in spurts in How/where do I see the industry in five years: Libraries between periods of stasis. For example, as eBooks began to be widely will continue to assert their role as third spaces in the life of campuses adopted, there was a spurt in acquiring large packages from established and communities. As the world becomes increasingly privatized and sur- vendors. But as we started to learn more about how students learn and veilled, we can be the holdouts and still fight for the users. what formats they prefer for what purpose, it became apparent that eBooks and print books will coexist for a very, very long time – if not forever, and not Margy MacMillan just for special collections. And, implied in that realization, is that perhaps eBooks work best in particular formats rather than as blanket replacements Senior Researcher for print books. That same experience is true of streaming video platforms Project Information Literacy – where a large spurt of acquisitions is now being followed by a period of 859 Bank Street reevaluation, with concerns about long-term preservation and access, to Victoria, BC V8S 4A8 say nothing of cost, becoming more urgent. Phone: (250) 595-1970 Thus in five years it is likely that we will have adopted new platforms/tech- http://projectinfolit.org nological tools, which will represent mostly a format change rather than a paradigm shift. Indeed, the biggest change will likely be to position de- Born and lived: Vancouver Island/Calgary (Canada). scriptions and the skill sets that hiring committees will be looking for rather Early life: As much time on the beach as possible. than how information is organized and disseminated or how our buildings Professional career and activities: 28 years as a librarian at are designed. Managing new technology platforms, pursuing open ac- Mount Royal University, now retired/Professor Emerita; worked at the in- cess initiatives, teaching around the information explosion, grappling with tersection of information literacy and scholarship of teaching and learning, increasingly large datasets, and increasing our support for the digital hu- primarily with students in communications. Research communications and manities will require a mix of skills and positions that we are currently in the interests include student reading/use of scholarly articles. midst of establishing. With online products and services firmly entrenched in higher education, our task is to determine what the right mix of those Family: Yes. products and services will be, along with the best models to support their In my spare time: Cooking, gardening, cycling, Twitter. use, in order to best serve our user populations. I think we’ve just come Favorite books: Social Life of Information by John Seely Brown and out of an evolutionary spurt and are heading for a (perhaps relatively short) Paul Duguid; To Say the Least, edited by P.K.Page; On Beyond Zebra by period of statis. We should take this time to assess all of the changes that Dr. Seuss; 1066 and All That by W. C. Sellar and R.J. Yeatman. we’ve experienced over the past ten years to determine what we should Misuse of Journal Impact Factors. keep, what we should enhance, and what we should discard so that we’re Pet peeves: ready for the next big spurt. Philosophy: Be kind.

continued on page 86

Against the Grain / September 2019 85 undergraduate students and collaborated with departments across cam- ATG Profiles Encouraged pus to support students and instructors in their research needs. I have from page 85 also co-authored several papers and a book on the integration of infor- mation literacy in online classes and presented at numerous national and Quoting 1066 and All Most memorable career achievement: international conferences on best practices for online information literacy That in a published professional paper. instruction. In addition to my library degree, I hold in MA in Applied Lin- Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Growing Hima- gusitics and an undergraduate degree in English literature. layan Blue Poppies. Family: I have one child, an amazing, intelligent, and talented daughter How/where do I see the industry in five years: I hope there who is about to start high school. is a more expansive view of information literacy beyond academic environ- I like to spend time with my daughter. I especially ments, that moves beyond teaching students hunting and gathering prac- In my spare time: love traveling with her and cooking with her. tices to find information into deeper critical understanding of the systems and structures driving how information finds them. Favorite books: Anything by Isabel Allende, The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham, and the Secret History by Donna Tartt. Those all sound old school! I am dating myself. Kristen L. Mastel Pet peeves: Lack of critical thinking. Outreach & Instruction Librarian Philosophy: Lifelong learning. Having an education has given me so University of Minnesota Libraries much and allowed me so many opportunities. It is the one thing they can’t Magrath Library, 1984 Buford Avenue take away from you. Know that there is always more to learn and seek it St. Paul, MN 55108 out. Phone: (612) 625-0918 Probably starting Side- Most memorable career achievement: car Learning and completing a book on e-learning. https://www.lib.umn.edu/about/staff/kristen-mastel I would love Minnesota. Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Born and lived: to see Sidecar Learning succeed and become the go-to e-learning tool Professional career and activities: Kristen is a Past Pres- for libraries. The opporturnity to own a business was never something I ident of the Minnesota Library Association and currently the immediate pictured myself doing, but I am loving every step of it and can’t wait to do Past President of the United States Agricultural Information Network. She more. has held numerous offices within ACRL and ALA. She currently is Chair I see aca- of the Assessment Committee within the Science and Technology Section, How/where do I see the industry in five years: demic libraries continuing to change. We have seen our physical buildings and Chair of the Sustainability Round Table Online Education Committee, change, our collections change, and our instruction change and this will along with being active in the Academic Outreach Committee, LMAO and continue. We will continue to be the knowledge hub on campus, although contemplative pedagogy groups. not the physical hub. Libraries will be where students come to not only Family: My husband and I live in Apple Valley with our English Springer learn and read but also to create, share, and collaborate. That is already Spaniel, Jiggs. He is a therapy dog and comes to campus bi-weekly to happening in many libraires. participate in animal therapy visits with Boynton Health Services to advo- cate for student and staff mental health. Emma Molls How/where do I see the industry in five years: Outreach as- sessment is seeing a flourish of attention in articles and presentations as of Publishing Services Librarian late! I find this encouraging and want to help push the profession forward University of Minnesota in all areas of assessment through more online education, professional 65L Wilson Library, 309 19th Ave S development, publishing, and shifting teaching within MLS curriciulum in Minneapolis, MN 55455 order to build sustainable assessment at the institutional and cooperative Phone: (612) 626-5218 levels. https://www.lib.umn.edu/about/staff/emma-molls Previously served as Yvonne Mery Professional career and activities: Scholarly Communication & Social Science Librarian at Iowa State Univer- Co-founder, Sidecar Learning; Associate sity. Currently serves on: Journal of Librarianship & Scholarly Communi- Librarian, University of Arizona Libraries cation, Editorial Board; Directory of Open Access Journals, Associate Ed- Tucson, AZ itor; ALCTS Scholarly Communication Interest Group, Vice Chair; ACRL Phone: (520) 626-3850 Publications Coordinating Committee, Member. 2019 recipient of Award for Outstanding Scholarship in Library Publishing from Library Publication www.sidecarlearning.com Coalition. Was born in Tucson, AZ and lived abroad in Spain, Born and lived: How/where do I see the industry in five years: Libraries and later in Cairo, Egypt. I also lived in Portland, OR for a few years. will have fewer and fewer traditional journal subscriptions. Publishers will Early life: I grew up in Tucson, AZ to immigrant parents from Chile, so continue to focus on becoming service providers versus content providers. early on I had the opportunity to experience another culture, and another Newer, less established, open access publishers will begin to consolidate language different from the one outside my front door. Growing up bilin- in order to compete with long-standing publishers. gual and bicultural has really shaped my view of the world. Professional career and activities: I am part of the Research & Learning department at the University of Arizona where I serve as an in- structional design librarian. I am also an adjunct instructor in the iSchool at the UA where I teach courses in e-learning and research methods. I have designed and implemented online courses in information literacy skills for continued on page 87 86 Against the Grain / September 2019 since 2010 have focused on developing a digital publishing program in- ATG Profiles Encouraged cluding new products such as SAGE Research Methods, SAGE Knowl- from page 86 edge, SAGE Video, Adam Matthew, Data Planet, Talis and Lean Library. Theodore Pappas Family: I am married with two children who are now adults at 24 and 26 years old. Executive Editor, Chief Development Officer The Britannica Group in my spare time: I follow football or soccer as you call it in the U.S.; 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 the local team that I support is Arsenal. I also love contemporary dance Chicago, IL 60654 and the local theatre that I love is Sadlers Wells. Phone: (312) 347-7491 favorite books: Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Women; Much of Anne Tyler’s writing but was particularly moved by The https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/ Amateur Marriage. Born and lived: Born in Rockford, IL, grew up in northern Illinois and philosophy: Don’t regret the things you didn’t do. I think we put more west Georgia, and attended Beloit College in Wisconsin and Harvard Uni- weight behind decisions to do things than decisions not to act, when at versity in Massachusetts. times non-intervention can have profound consequences. Early life: Primary-school years spent in Illinois and Georgia. how/where do I see the industry in five years: In five years Professional career and activities: Theodore Pappas is Ex- I expect we will see — A continued shift from print to digital; New types ecutive Editor and Chief Development Officer of Encyclopaedia Britannica of digital materials – more video, audio, data, virtual reality, augmented in Chicago, where he cultivates editorial and PR opportunities for Britan- reality; More sophisticated discoverability and access to relevant research nica and its many products and services. He is the author of four books; content; A significant shift to open access for journals; Publishers offer- his writings have been taught, anthologized, as well as discussed in pub- ing new types of software as a service to support the library, faculty and lications such as the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, The New students; The role of the library evolving, still a major budget holder within Yorker, and Vanity Fair; and he has appeared on the NBC Today Show, the institution and negotiating access to research and teaching materials CBS Evening News, CBS Sunday Morning, CNN, Fox News radio and tele- for their institution but increasingly offering teaching and support services vision, NPR’s All Things Considered, and BBC Radio. His latest books are and technology for students and researchers and becoming the institu- True Grit: Classic Tales of Perseverance and the Encyclopaedia Britannica tional experts in information literacy, special collections, and research data Anniversary Edition: 250 Years of Excellence (1768-2018). management. Family: Three children. In my spare time: I enjoy spending time with my loved ones, playing Julie Rashid the piano, exercising, and conducting research for new books. Manager, Acquisitions and Rapid Cataloging Favorite books: The historical narratives of Erik Larson. University of Minnesota Libraries 309 19th Avenue South Pet peeves: Breaches of cell phone, airlines, and train-commuting et- iquette. Minneapolis, MN 55455 Phone: (612) 625-0629 My two decades of Most memorable career achievements: work on behalf of Encyclopaedia Britannica and my latest book, True Grit: https://www.lib.umn.edu/ Classic Tales of Perseverance. I was born in a suburb of Seattle, WA, but grew up Publish two Born and lived: Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: in Cozad, NE. additional books (under research now) — one on train travel and the other on U.S. presidential tragedies. Early life: In my formative years I had a dream of traveling the world and had a passion for languages. I majored in French in college and The publish- How/where do I see the industry in five years: participated in the International Student Exchange Program in Angers, ing industry, and our culture in general, will swing away from a fascination France. After graduation I took a job teaching English at the Belarussian with mere access to facts (and reams of facts) toward a greater desire State Polytechnic Academy in Minsk, Belarus (where I met my husband!) and appreciation for expert, verified, relevant information. As we know, We moved to the U.S. for 11 years before moving to Rawalpindi, Pakistan, current search engines and algorithms excel at highlighting information where we lived for 12 years. We moved back to the states in 2015. that’s related to our topic and answers that sound right, but not information that’s reliably relevant and verifiable. Quality, not quantity, will be the call Professional career and activities: I started in libraries at the of tomorrow’s knowledge-seekers. American Institute of Baking, working my way up to Head Librarian. From there I transitioned to Kansas State University, where I worked my way up Karen Phillips to Acquisitions Librarian. I then moved to Pakistan and worked as Head Senior VP, Global Learning Resources Librarian at Fatima Jinnah Women’s University (Rawalpindi, Pakistan) and SAGE Publishing, SAGE London then shifted to Sheikh Zayed International Academy (Islamabad, Pakistan) SAGE Publications Ltd. where I was first Head Librarian and then Head of the Senior Section. I 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road then taught grades 4 and 5 at Ace International Academy (Rawalpindi, London EC1Y1SP UK Pakistan) before coming back to the United States to work at the University Phone : +44 (0) 7534 606573 of Minnesota as the manager of print acquisitions. Fax: +44 (0) 207 324 8600 Family: I live with my lovely husband Rashid and my two boys Ab- dul-Rahman and Ali Abdullah. Born and lived: I was born in North London, grew up just outside In my spare time: I enjoy reading, quilting, cross-stitching and bullet London and have lived in London since graduating from university. journaling. I am currently dabbling in video editing and graphic design. professional career and activities: I have worked at SAGE Favorite books: I am a sucker for love stories and adore Jane Aus- Publishing for 32 years, starting in marketing and moving to editorial. I ten! I also will devour books on management self-improvement and health/ have worked across our textbook, reference and journals programs and continued on page 88 Against the Grain / September 2019 87 most memorable career achievement: The first book I ever ATG Profiles Encouraged signed on my own as a newly minted commissioning editor is my most from page 87 memorable career achievement. It was on researching race and ethnicity, and I remember it well as a key moment launching this new piece of schol- nutrition. My current favorites are Mindset by Carol Dweck, Atomic Habits arship into the world. by James Clear and How Not to Die by Dr. Michael Gregor. We’re in a posi- I dislike it when people cut into line in front of me! Grrrr! goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Pet peeves: tion to learn a lot about how our products are resonating, and I’m keen to This is true for cars as well, which is one of the reasons I love the public see other SAGE products such as our video collections and online cours- transportation system in Minneapolis! es really resonating. I’d particularly like to see Talis succeed in the U.S. Philosophy: Life does not give you more than you can handle. Breathe market and have the same positive impact in terms of institutional and deeply and enjoy the spectacle! individual value it has been having in the UK and Asia Pacific. Most memorable career achievement: Under my supervision, how/where do I see the industry in five years: We’ve all my team at Fatima Jinnah Women’s University in Rawalpindi, Pakistan were been noting that the world is changing fast, and while I’m often reminded able to catalog the entire book collection (20,000+ books) and implement- how the industry’s been experiencing massive change for decades, it’s ed a new ILS system. I did the same at Sheikh Zayed International Acad- hard not to feel change is speeding up in the present. But I do think in five emy in Islamabad, Pakistan a few years later. years we will have achieved a lot more synthesis between student, faculty Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: I hope to learn and librarian engagement with our need for technological change in higher enough SQL to make Analytics report writing a breeze! I would also like to ed, and the products and tools that publishers are able to provide that are tame our serials claiming … it really is a wild beast! felt as useful and valuable for this community. How/where do I see the industry in five years: We are al- ready seeing a large shift away from print to electronic and I think that will Craig E. Smith continue. I do think there will always be a place for print, only maybe a Assessment Specialist and Senior Associate smaller place. There will be more spaces for digital media labs and maker Librarian, University of Michigan Library spaces that allow patrons to express themselves creatively. I think libraries Hatcher Graduate Library will continue to remove barriers to access to information, whether that is 913 South University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 making resources more accessible to patrons with special needs or sup- Phone: (617) 875-9469 porting open access initiatives. They will embrace and champion diversity and inclusion and be a welcome space for patrons from every walk of life. https://www.lib.umich.edu/users/craigsm Kiren Shoman Born and lived: I was born in Boston, and have lived for meaningful parts of my life in Concord (MA), Olympia (WA), Bloomington (IN), Portland Vice President Pedagogy (OR), Somerville (MA), and Ann Arbor (MI). SAGE Publishing 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road Professional career and activities: I earned a doctoral de- London EC1Y 1SP UK gree in Human Development and Psychology from the Harvard Graduate Phone: +44 (0)207 342 8525 School of Education. I then completed two postdoctoral fellowships in psychology at Harvard University and the University of Michigan. During www.sagepublishing.com that time I also developed and taught multiple courses. I gained institu- tional research experience as a senior member of the research and eval- I was born in Belize, but moved to the UK in 1988. I Born and lived: uation team at the University of Michigan ADVANCE Program. Since May lived for a few years in Henly-on-Thames, followed by my undergraduate 2018, I have been the assessment specialist and a senior associate librar- years in Brighton (I was at Sussex University). I’ve been living in London ian at the University of Michigan Library. for the last 25 years now. Family: I have a partner and two sons who are 14 and 17. early life: I grew up in San Ignacio, in the Cayo District of Belize; I have fond memories of daily swims in the river after school to cool down. Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: To be complete- ly honest, my goal is to be a part of an increasingly effective movement I have worked at SAGE professional career and activities: that helps the U.S. and the world reject alt-right/trumpist/fascist ideologies Publishing since 1995, where I started as an editorial assistant, and moved and embrace things like compassion, inclusion, openness, humility, jus- through the organization as an editor, publisher and then manager. I’ve tice, democracy, and science. worked across the books and journals programs and am now enjoying working on our digital publishing, while overseeing the UK books program. How/where do I see the industry in five years: I am new to libraries. One thing I hope to see is libraries doing more effective collab- I have two children – Kamal, 17 and Maya, 13. family: orating on collections of all types. I would love to see library collections in my spare time: As the kids have become more independent, I’ve access become more open, efficient, and comprehensive, while freeing up been enjoying finding space and time for myself, to read more, and learn space and time for the provision of a wider array of services that will come new things. I’m trying to learn Arabic, improve my Spanish, and have, to define modern libraries. through the Cuban novel The Man Who Loved Dogs, accidentally fallen in to a phase of being really interested in learning more about global events Yumiko Toyota-Kindler around the time of the Russian revolution and after. Library Program Specialist 1 There are so many books to enjoy out there that I favorite books: University of Minnesota Libraries tend not to re-read books. So I feel a bit unusual in that I don’t have old 170 Wilson Library, 309 19th Ave. South favourites that I return to time and again. A book I’ve only recently read Minneapolis, MN 55455 and was really struck by is Ghost Wall by Sarah Moss (2018). Phone: (612) 625-2837 pet peeves: I’m feeling quite easy going right now; I actually can’t Fax: (612) 626-8968 think of one! Philosophy: I try not to hook up to just one philosophy. continued on page 89 88 Against the Grain / September 2019 Professional career and activities: Worked in publishing with ATG Profiles Encouraged John Wiley & Sons for seven years then went to the University of North from page 88 Carolina for a MSIS and then began my career as a librarian at NC State in 2009. How/where do I see the industry in five years: I would expect a collective effort or movement toward more open access (e.g., Family: Two kids in elementary school. Plan S) to continue into the future. Being an e-resource acquisitions staff, In my spare time: I enjoy travel, eating, and getting outside. I am not sure exactly how that would affect the traditional model of paid Favorite books: Library books. subscriptions. Pet peeves: Traffic. David Woodbury Philosophy: Everything is connected to everything else. Everything has to go somewehere. And there is no such thing as a free lunch. Department Head, Learning Spaces & Services NC State University Libraries, NC State University Most memorable career achievement: Being a part of opening 2 Broughton Drive Hunt Library at NC State. Raleigh, NC 27695 Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Show demon- Phone: (919) 513-7192 strable connections to student success in our library renovation (opening in 2020). www.lib.ncsu.edu How/where do I see the industry in five years: More focus Born and lived: Kansas, Illinois, New York, Missouri, Maryland, Scot- on measuring the success of our students and having to show how are land, North Carolina. resources are connected to this mission.

COMPANY PROFILES ENCOURAGED

The Britannica Group Is there anything else that you think would be of inter- 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 est to our readers? Britannica is one of the leaders in the push to Chicago, IL 60654 bring reliable information to the public in our age of fake news and ques- Phone: (312) 347-7000 tionable websites. Two examples of this are Britannica’s partnership with https://corporate.britannica.com/ YouTube, where Britannica’s summary article is offered alongside YouTube brands/ videos on controversial topics around which conspiracy theories have long swirled, to serve as a great primer on the topic to read over first or in tan- The Britannica Group includes Encyclopae- Affiliated companies: dem with the videos; and our free browser extension for Chrome called dia Britannica, Britannica Digital Learning, Merriam-Webster, Melingo, and “Britannica Insights,” whereby readers can now receive for free the fact- Britannica Knowledge Systems. checked Britannica article related to their topic of interest — the Britannica Officers: Karthik Krishnan (Global CEO) article is delivered at the top-right side of their search-results page from Key products and services: The Britannica Group is a global Google, Yahoo, Bing et al. As we like to say, truth needs a champion, and leader in knowledge-based products and tools. A pioneer in digital learn- Britannica strives to be part of the solution in an age overwhelmed with ing since the 1980s, the company today serves the needs of students, misinformation and unverified facts. lifelong learners, and professionals by providing curriculum products, language-study courses, digital encyclopedias, as well as professional readiness training. Its key products and companies include Encyclopae- SAGE Publishing dia Britannica, Britannica School, Britannica LaunchPacks, LumieLabs, Telephone: 1-800-818-7243 Britannica ImageQuest, Original Sources, Merriam-Webser, Britannica Fax: 1-800-583-2665 Knowledge Systems, Melingo, and Angie & Tony (teaching English as a www.sagepublishing.com second language). Main address and affiliated addresses: Global Core markets/clientele: SAGE Thousand Oaks (Headquarters) Number of employees: 550 employees in 6 offices around the world. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA History and brief description of your company/pub- Phone: 1-800-818-7243 • Fax: 1-800-583-2665 lishing program: Britannica’s most famous product, Encyclopaedia Britannica, is the oldest continuously published and revised work in the SAGE Washington, DC English language. Its First Edition was pubished in Edinburgh, Scotland, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 600 between 1768-71. The last print version of the encyclopedia was pub- Washington, DC 20037 USA lished in 2010, and it’s been available in digital form since 1994, making Phone: (202) 729-1800 it the first encyclopedia on the Internet. But Britannica also produces a whole suite of products and tools for teachers and the classroom, in as- SAGE Asia-Pacific sorted languages, and our sister companies include Merriam-Webster, the 3 Church Street famed language and dictionary publisher, and Britannica Knowledge Sys- #10-04 Samsung Hub tems, which provides the training management platform used in numerous Singapore 049483 industries, especially the airlines industry. Phone: 65 6220 1800 • Fax: 65 6438 1008

continued on page 90 Against the Grain / September 2019 89 Total number of journals currently published: More ATG Profiles Encouraged than 1,000. from page 89 History and brief description of your company/publish- Guided by an unwavering dedication to academia and SAGE Toronto ing program: 77 Bloor St W #600 an entrepreneurial spirit, the passionate and determined Sara Miller Mc- Toronto, ON M5S 2B4 Canada Cune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 just a few months shy of her 24th Phone: (416) 575-8667 birthday with the help of her mentor and future husband George McCune. The company’s name – SAGE – is derived from their names (SAra and SAGE London GEorge). From the start, the company was guided by Sara’s vision to 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road allow scholars to disseminate quality research in their own voices, often London, EC1Y1SP UK breaking ground in new or emerging areas of study. Phone: +44 (0) 207 324 8500 • Fax: +44 (0) 207 324 8600 Nearly 55 years later, SAGE remains an independent company that shares SAGE India with librarians the belief that flourishing educational programs and en- B-1/I-1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate Mathura Road, gaged scholarship create healthy minds and healthy societies. Our pub- Post Bag 7, New Delhi 110 044 INDIA lishing program ranges across the social sciences, humanities, medicine, Phone: +91-11-4053 9222 • Fax: +91-11-4053 9234 and engineering and includes journals, books, and digital products such as case studies, data, video, courses, and technology solutions for ac- SAGE Melbourne Level 9, 2 Queen Street ademic and professional markets. We value working closely with librar- Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia ians to achieve shared goals, including partnering on white papers and research projects to ensure that together we meet the changing needs of Affiliated companies: CQ Press: www.cqpress.com students, researchers, and instructors. Adam Matthew: http://www.amdigital.co.uk/ Anything else that you think would be of interest to Corwin: www.corwin.com our readers? SAGE is investing in new ways to support researchers Learning Matters: http://www.uk.sagepub.com/learningmatters/ in response to big changes in the instruction and practice of social science Lean Library: https://www.leanlibrary.com/ research methodology. For example, we recently acquired Data Planet, a dynamic repository of officially sourced statistical data, and launched Talis: https://talis.com/ SAGE Ocean, an initiative to help social scientists navigate vast data sets Officers: Blaise R. Simqu, President & Chief Executive Officer; Tracey and work with new technologies. From our first methods journals in 1972 A. Ozmina, Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer, US; Chris to the QASS series published since the 1970s (the “Little Green Books”), Hickok, Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer; Stephen Barr, to the launch of SAGE Research Methods in 2011, we’ve been honored to President of SAGE International; Ziyad Marar, President of Global Pub- serve social scientists at the forefront of research methods publishing for lishing; Karen Phillips, Senior Vice President, Global Learning Resources. more than four decades. And we are dedicated to supporting librarians as they help patrons through this journey. Association memberships, etc.: SAGE Publishing has forged strong partnerships with societies and associations for more than 50 years, SAGE has also recently launched a new effort to improve the methods cur- publishing on behalf of more than 500 societies in 2019. rently used to measure the impact of the social sciences and, ultimately, bring sustained attention to the value of these sciences. While measure- Vital information: SAGE has been a privately owned company since its founding in 1965. Our founder and executive chairman, Sara Miller Mc- ment of science impact has traditionally been synonymous with citation Cune, has put in place an estate plan that guarantees our independence counts in academic journals, such metrics fail to capture the influence that indefinitely. After Sara’s lifetime, SAGE will become owned by a charitable research has on policy, practice, and the public. And while the social trust which allows us to uphold our mission of supporting the dissemination sciences are uniquely positioned to make this impact and thus benefit so- of usable knowledge and educating a global community for the long-term. ciety, their true impact is often ignored or overlooked. SAGE’s impact initiative kicked off with a new report “The Latest Thinking Key products and services: Journals, books, digital resources, courses, and technology solutions for researchers, instructors, students, About Metrics For Research Impact in the Social Sciences,” based on a and librarians. workshop we convened at Google’s main campus earlier this year. Those interested in the report, or in engaging in the social science impact debate Academic, educational, and profession- Core markets/clientele: can do so at socialsciencespace.com/impact or on Twitter using #Social- al markets. ScienceImpact. Number of employees: More than 1,800. Number of books published annually: More than 800. continued on page 91

Endnotes for Don’s Conference Notes — from page 82 1. https://theracecardproject.com/. Participants in the project can send 7. https://pair.libraries.ou.edu/ their cards using a form at http://theracecardproject.com/send-your- 8. https://web.uri.edu/ai/ race-card/. 9. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/resource-center/artificial-intel- 2. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/the-bridge/ ligence 3. https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/alttextbook/guide 10. https://sr.ithaka.org/publications/2018-us-faculty-survey/ 4. www.ala.org/acrl/roadshows 11. https://s4.goeshow.com/acrl/national/2019/conference_schedule.cfm 5. https://www.tobiipro.com/product-listing/tobii-pro-glasses-2/ 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fun_Home 6. https://voyant-tools.org/

90 Against the Grain / September 2019 LIBRARY PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Lucy Scribner Library If so, what is your budget and what types of materials Skidmore College are you purchasing? Print or electronic or both? Both. 815 N Broadway What proportion of your materials are leased and not Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 owned? Majority are owned. Phone: (518) 580-5506 What do you think your library will be like in five http://lib.skidmore.edu/library years? It will be more focused on the needs of researchers and the Background/history: Visit http://lib.skidmore.edu/library/index. success of students. php/about-the-library-homepage. What excites or frightens you about the next five Number of staff and responsibilities: 10 library faculty, 15 years? Uncertain budgets. library staff.

Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, Tisch Library video streaming services, databases, other): Everything except textbooks. Tufts University 35 Professors Row Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- Medford, MA 02155 We’re still on Voyager for now. laborative ILS? Phone: (617) 627-3347 Do you have a discovery system? EDS https://tischlibrary.tufts.edu/ Does your library have a collection development or Background/history: Visit https://tischlibrary.tufts.edu/about-us/ similar department? Collection development responsibilities are about-tisch-library shared by everyone. Number of staff and responsibilities: Visit https://tischli- What do you think your library will be like in five years? brary.tufts.edu/sites/default/files/FULL%20Tisch%20Library%20Organiza- Even more dynamic than it already is. tion%20Charts%20Updated%202.7.2019.pdf What excites or frightens you about the next five Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, Our campus is hiring a new president in the coming year, which years? video streaming services, databases, other): eBooks, text- is both exciting and anxiety-provoking at the same time. books, DVDs, streaming video, print serials, electronic serials, print mono- graphs of all types; rare books; primary source document collections; NC State University Libraries and more based on need. North Carolina State University Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- 2 Broughton Drive laborative ILS? ExLibris Alma Raleigh, NC 27695 ExLibris Primo Phone: (919) 515-3364 Do you have a discovery system? www.lib.ncsu.edu Does your library have a collection development or similar department? Yes, Scholarly Communications & Collections. Background/history: The NCSU Libraries is the gateway to knowl- edge for the North Carolina State University community and partners. The If so, what is your budget and what types of materials Libraries’ collections reflect the historic strengths of the University as well are you purchasing? Print or electronic or both? Both as its vision for the future. With extensive research holdings in the areas of - $8.2 million. engineering, science, technology, and agriculture, the NCSU Libraries is What proportion of your materials are leased and not recognized as a national leader. owned? Not sure. Library facilities include two main libraries – the D. H. Hill Library and the What do you think your library will be like in five James B. Hunt Jr. Library – as well as the Harrye B. Lyons Design Library, years? We are in the midst of strategic planning and trying to answer the Natural Resources Library, and the William Rand Kenan Jr. Library of that very question. At this point, we are considering some practical moves Veterinary Medicine, with more than 2.5 million total user visits per year. that will enable us to realize a broader vision (noted below): a plan to weed Number of staff and responsibilities: Aproximately 200 em- a large print reference collection to open space for students and more ployees. visible space for staff; a plan to move a large microform collection to less $11,593,241 visible space to create additional space for student use; a plan to weed Overall library budget: the print collection to free up space for new materials. Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, video streaming services, databases, other): All of the What excites or frightens you about the next five above. years? I think over the next five years Tisch Library will begin to catch up with some of the changes that other libraries have already made, in- What technologies does your library use to serve mo- cluding opening up space and sightlines, reconsidering how and what we bile users? Responsive web site. collect, reevaluating our mix of online resources, and advocating for more Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- open access. Tisch has been relatively slow to move in these areas, but laborative ILS? Collaborative ILS. we have a chance now to see what’s worked over the last few years and what hasn’t, which will help us to invest in valuable change rather than Do you have a discovery system? Yes. change for change’s sake. Does your library have a collection development or similar department? Yes. continued on page 92 Against the Grain / September 2019 91 University of Michigan Library ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 91 University of Michigan 818 Hatcher Graduate Library South 913 S. University Avenue Is there anything else you think our readers should Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1190 know? Inherent in every challenge is an opportunity. In the case of Tisch Library, or relatively slow pace of change over the past few years will en- Phone: (734) 764-0400 able us to make much more thoughtful change going forward! https://www.lib.umich.edu What do you think your library will be like in five years? I think our library will be more engaged in collaborative and strategic col- University of Arizona Libraries lecting, more focused on using its spaces to house exciting and impactful University of Arizona services, and more capable of providing quick, browsable access to ma- 1510 E. University Boulevard terials in many formats even as we reduce the number of library stacks. Tucson, AZ 85721 Phone: (520) 621-6442 University of Minnesota Libraries Fax: (520) 621-9733 University of Minnesota library.arizona.edu 499 Wilson Library, 309 19th Avenue Background/history: The first library at the University of Arizona South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 was founded in 1891, the same year the university was established. Today, Phone: (612) 624-3321 (Wilson we have five locations, including the Main Library, the Albert B. Weaver Library front desk) Science-Engineering Library, the Fine Arts Library, the Health Sciences https://www.lib.umn.edu Library, and Special Collections. We are focused on taking the UA Librar- The University Libraries is a strategic re- ies to new levels of impact as essential contributors to student and faculty Background/history: source of the Twin Cities campus and also provides key information system success through our strategic map (see https://new.library.arizona.edu/ support for the University’s four coordinate campuses in Crookston, Dulu- strategic), which highlights our commitment to four long-term directions. th, Morris, and Rochester. Composed of 12 library facilities with collections Number of staff and responsibilities: Our library has nearly of more than 7.6 million volumes and 86,676 serial subscriptions, and is 200 employees in 10 departments, which include: Access & Information the No. 1 lending library to other research libraries in North America. The Services, Administration, Content & Collections, Delivery, Description & Libraries has a history of strength in research collections and a longstand- Acquisitions, the Office of Digital Innovation & Stewardship, Research & ing record of contribution to resource sharing within the state and beyond. Learning, Special Collections, Technology Strategy & Services, the UA 321 Health Sciences Library, and the UA Press. In FY17-18, we had more than Number of staff and responsibilities: 2.3 million total visits to our libraries and responded to 7,670 reference Overall library budget: $57.9 million questions. Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, Overall library budget: $31M. video streaming services, databases, other): The Univer- sity of Minnesota Libraries will purchase or subscribe to any/all types of Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, materials as appropriate. video streaming services, databases, other): All types of materials that can be acquired and used by all of our campus users, not Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- limited to a class or subset. laborative ILS? Alma (Ex Libris) Does your library have a collection development or Do you have a discovery system? Primo (Ex Libris) similar department? Yes, Content & Collections, formed in 2017. Does your library have a collection development or What proportion of your materials are leased and not similar department? Yes owned? 25% of total holdings are subscriptions, the rest are owned. If so, what is your budget and what types of materi- Do you have a discovery system? Yes, it is Primo. als are you purchasing? Print or electronic or both? $18,195,967 (FY2019) for both print and electronic materials. What excites or frightens you about the next five years? The UA Libraries is excited to be an integral part of the UA Student Success District renovation project in progress right now. The William H. Hannon Library unique design of the District is distinctive to the University of Arizona be- Loyola Marymount University cause it encompasses two libraries, two student services buildings, and 1 LMU Drive, MS 8200 their adjacent outdoor spaces to create a seamless experience. The Main Los Angeles, CA 90045 Library and the Albert B. Weaver Science-Engineering Library renovations Phone: (310) 338-2788 is scheduled for completion by spring 2020, and the entire project will be Fax: (310) 338-4484 completed in 2021. In five years, the UA Libraries will be a well-known library.lmu.edu partner in the District, empowering UA students to utilize a broad array Background/history: The William H. Hannon Library opened in of services and indoor-outdoor spaces that support collaborative, hands- 2010 and is the main library at the Westchester campus, serving the re- on learning, deep engagement with technology, and ultimately, academic search needs of the LMU students, faculty, and staff. The 120,000 square- success and career preparation. https://successdistrict.arizona.edu/ foot building is LEED Gold certified and contains 580 individual reading stations, 33 group-study rooms accommodating, various collaborative study spaces, two library instruction classrooms, the Terrence L. Mahan, S.J. Gallery, the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Foundation Information Com- mons, a Faculty Innovation Center, the Carrie Estelle Doheny Foundation Faculty Lounge, and the Von der Ahe Family Suite.

continued on page 93

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ATG Profiles Encouraged Back Talk from page 92 from page 94

Number of staff and responsibilities: The library is staffed by fitting doors, unbreakable locks (and hooks to hang things 26 professional librarians and approximately 25 library staff. on and shelves to put things on). This is emphatically an all-gender issue and often a place where nickels are unwisely ~$10 million Overall library budget: saved. Types of materials you buy (eBooks, textbooks, DVDs, 7. Fight and win the battle for maintenance priority. When a video streaming services, databases, other): As of 2018, its toilet goes bad, don’t let them bag it in plastic and leave it collections included 582,406 print monographs, 686,285 eBooks, 105,877 for a month — this happens — on the pretext that if there bound periodicals, 53,941 e-periodicals, 337 databases, and 5,544 linear are several other toilets in the same room, it should be ok. feet of archives and manuscripts. Nobody takes that approach to toilets in their home, right? There’s a start. More ideas? I’d love to hear them. But there’s one What technologies does your library use to serve mo- more important point. Virtual chat, ILL. bile users? We found out that on our campus, the libraries had been categorized Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- as “tier 2” housekeeping facilities, like office and admin buildings. We laborative ILS? Sierra believe we should be “tier 1” — like student housing. The difference? How often cleaners come around, how carefully they cover for folks Do you have a discovery system? EDS who call out sick, and how much they respect the late or round-the-clock Does your library have a collection development or hours that we observe. We had a real mess this spring when, just at similar department? Yes the height of finals week, a key housekeeper called out sick two days running. Facilities sent around a “porter” to do a quick spiff and trash If so, what is your budget and what types of materials ~$5 million emptying in the restrooms and let the rest of the building go. Doing are you purchasing? that at the height of finals week? Ugh, ick, I won’t describe it. Think What do you think your library will be like in five years? food trash. We are exploring new ways to utilize library space as we simultensouly The overall message: fight for your users. If they find that you’re work to increase/improve the way use library space for existing collections. providing clean, comfortable, safe, reliable restrooms, they’ll spend more time in your building: and students who spend more time in the What excites or frightens you about the next five library do better in their work — it’s as simple as that. Good restrooms years? Our university is in a period of rapid growth (more students, more fundraising, more administrators, more programs). We can expect make for good students who get good grades. And student success is our day job. there will be difficult changes and growing pains in the next five years.

Against the Grain / September 2019 93 Back Talk — Speaking of Bathrooms? Column Editor: Jim O’Donnell (University Librarian, Arizona State University)

any people have been asking me what in several countries, Mickey Dee turned out doubt which is which and what I’m saying? we’re focusing on most in the com- to be the place where middle class and upper And you’re probably pretty sure you can tell Mplete gut-and-reno of our largest ASU middle class ladies of a certain age gathered which other gender is more involved in the Library building, the 1966 Hayden Library. in the afternoon to chat with their friends. design and construction decisions. The project has been going on for about three Why? Mickey Dee believes in really clean So I’m going to list things to think about years since conception, so the answer to that facilities — and people who had hitherto been when you start looking at your library bath- question changes. We’re in the home stretch, hindered in spending time out of their homes rooms. First, let me praise my colleague looking to a full opening in January 2020, so in public places by concern for finding a decent Terry Cranmer at ASU, facilities manager we’re getting to some very specific issues. restroom had decided that Mickey Dee was just at the huge Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Here’s one I’ve never heard discussed in a the place. That’s empowerment! Gammage Auditorium. Quite a place, but plenary session at ARL meetings or even at a And we all know that there are gender until recently all it had was several pairs of Charleston Conference: bathrooms. differences in patterns of bathroom use. At tiny bathrooms in each floor and with more Bathrooms? Yes, yes. Why should librar- intermission at concerts or halftime at the porcelain in the men’s room per floor than in ians care? football game, you’ll find lines outside one the women’s room. Terry is a force of nature, Two reasons: (1) If we’re going to have restroom and not the other. Building codes though, and she successfully got plans made a building that is genuinely homelike and are beginning to recognize this disparity and and executed for an additional large, bright, welcoming for all staff and users, then doing mandate appropriately differential facilities and brilliantly-designed women’s room on the the things it takes to make that building as based on average time of use, but we also all main level. I learned a lot from talking to her. comfortable as home is important. (2) Unfortu- know that parity is still an ideal on the horizon OK, the list: nately, nobody becomes famous as an architect in too many places. 1. The count of toilets for women for designing bathrooms, and a good many So, early on in the renovation planning should exceed the combined total of contractors have made their budget by doing process, I began to call myself “the one who’s toilets/urinals for men. a little “value engineering” when it comes to obsessed about bathrooms.” At first, they 2. There should also be any-gender these functional rooms. thought I was joking, until the tense meeting restrooms on every floor. Our old (I do exaggerate about “nobody.” The when we sent the designers back to the draw- complex had exactly two any-gender mayor of Suwon Korea, on the occasion of ing board to count just how many porcelain one-seaters spread over five floors. the 2007 World Toilet Association meetings receptacles would be in each room and to make The new tower of five floors will in Korea, built himself a special house. See sure there was an advantage on one side. They have larger restrooms on the busiest photo. No comment.) had resisted for a perfectly nonsensical reason. floors plus two any-gender restrooms The underlying issue is of great importance “Since we’re exceeding the code requirement on each floor. In addition, on the around the world, of course. Inadequate public for bathroom stalls overall, it’s ok that we have busiest floor, we are fitting out two sanitation is at least a serious health hazard, the same number for both genders, because wellness rooms intended to provide but it’s important in other ways. A wonderful we’re sure there will be enough for every- privacy and comfort for people with book (Golden Arches body.” Hear that? special needs: nursing mothers, insu- East by James Wat- As long as we give lin-dependent diabetics, or folks who son) records what each gender enough, bike to work in Arizona heat and need happened when an- it’s ok to give one a place to freshen up. (There is also thropologists were gender plenty of ex- an ablution room convenient to our dispatched to East tra facilities. dedicated prayer/meditation room.) and Southeast Asian If you look back 3. We’re being less successful with cities to see how Mc- over the last cou- matching sinks and counters and I’m Donalds, which tries ple of paragraphs, still fighting that one, but the prin- to be the same every- you’ll see that I’m ciple should be that counters are for where to all peoples, not specifying which putting things on and not simply as adapted to different gender I might be a place for water to puddle because cultures. One of talking about. But the sinks are carelessly designed to their striking results does anyone reading splatter water on them. (There’s a was to observe that this column have any gender issue here too, in a world where one gender carries around more nice bags than another.) 4. Do not allow them to install hand-dryer-only bathrooms. Ever ADVERTISERS’ INDEX tried washing your face and drying it with a hand dryer? Or using a 23 accessible Archives 10 the Charleston Report 19 INFORMS wall-mounted hand dryer to mop up the water on a sink counter six feet 2 acS Publications 9 cold Spring Harbor Lab Press 71 Innovative Interfaces Inc. away? Fight to keep paper in the 11 adam Matthew Digital 31 de Gruyter 96 Midwest Library Service bathrooms. 13 american College of Physicians 37 emery-Pratt 27 the MIT Press 5. Be aware of access and egress and 5 atg 3 gOBI Library Solutions 7 Project MUSE make it easy for people to leave the 93 the Charleston Advisor 95 IGI Global 43 University of California Press restroom with clean hands, without touching drippy door handles. For Advertising Information Contact: Toni Nix, Ads Manager, 6. Design the various stalls and facil- , Phone: 843-835-8604, Fax: 843-835-5892. ities to maximize privacy — good continued on page 93

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