DOCSLIB.ORG

Istorie Medie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Istorie Medie ACADEMIA INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE "NICOLAE IORGA" MATERIALE DE ISTORIE MEDIE VOLUMUL XVIII 2000 MUZEUL ISTROS www.digibuc.ro ACADEMIA INSTITUTUL ISTORIE "NICOLAE COLEGIUL DE REDACTIE: PAUL CERNOVODEANU AN ANDREESCU, VIOLETA BARBU, EUGEN DENIZE, PAPACOSTEA, KINGA, GHEORGHE (secretor de redacfie) "Studilmaterlale de apare o pe an. revista se poate procura pe de la Muzeul str. Belvedere nr. 1, 004039614725, la, România. La revue "Studilmateriale de Istorie parait une par an. Toute commande de Pétranger: Muzeul , str. Belvedere nr. 1, tel./fax 004039614725, Românla. Corespondenta, voi pe adresa Colegiului de redactie: nr. 1, 712-17, 'el. 016509045. @, 2000, MUZEUL EbITURA ISTROS Str. e 1, 039/614725 www.digibuc.ro ACADEMIA INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE "NICOLAE IORGA" STUDII MATERIALE DE ISTORIE MEDIE VOL. XVIII, 2000 SUMAR MAREA INTERFERENTE POLITICE COMERCIALE VIRGIL CIOCILTAN, Enigme ale diplomaticii: primele tratate tataro-genoveze 9 OVIDIU CRISTEA, Relansarea politicii veneliene in spatiul egeano-pontic (1310-1332) 27 SERBAN PAPACOSTEA, Drumurile comerciale internationale geneza statelor viziunea lui Nicolae istoriografia zilelor noastre. 45 ANDREESCU, Note despre Cetatea 57 ILEANA Itinerarii danubiano-pontice balcanice relatarile germani (secolul al XVI-leainceputul secolului al XVII-lea) 79 PAUL CERNOVODEANU, Politicaorientala 1733-1739. II. Anglia austro-ruso-turc (1736-1739) 95 DOCUMENTAR ZSIGMOND Cercetareaizvoarelormedievalediplomaticein Transilvania (II) 109 MARIA M. ALEXANDRESCU-DERSCA BULGARU, generalului Federico Veterani Transilvania Banat (1686-1694). H. (1690-1694) 127 Materiale de Istorie Medie", vol. XVIII, 2000, 1-311 www.digibuc.ro GHEORGHE Documente privitoare la negustorii Pepano la ctitoria de la Codreni Mostiste" (I) 147 VARIA NICOLAE-$ERBAN TANA$OCA - Umanistul loan Laskarisromânii 159 ANCA POPESCU, Mitropolia Gotiei de investire a Patriarhului de Constantinopol 167 ANDREI PIPPIDI, portrete românesti Malta 173 CRISTIAN LUCA, Depozitul lui Radu Mihnea la Zecca Venetiei 189 MARIA MAGDALENA Preliminarii la o istorie a le 197 CONSTANTA GHITULESCU,Zestrea practica.Tara Româneascd secolul al XVII-lea (I) 213 EUGEN DENIZE, Imaginea românilor Spania (secolele XVI-XVIII). Noi contributii 223 BOGDAN-FLORIN POPOVICI, Branul de Sus 237 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 249 RECENZII NOTITE BIBLIOGRAFICE 253 Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Moldova, by ANDREI BREZIANU. European Historical Dictionaries, nr. 37. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland and London, 2000, 273 p. + LXI p. (Violeta Barbu); Documenta Romaniae Historica, B. Tara vol. VIII volum de DAMASCH1N MIOC IOANA CONSTANTINESCU, Bucuresti, 1996, Edit.Academiei Române, 631 p. (Violeta Barbu); Poselstwo do Turcji w 1700 (Solia lui Rafal Leszczyski Turcia din anul 1700), de Ilona cuajutorulDanutei Zydorek, introducere comentariuIlona Czamaska, Leszno,Urzad Miasta Leszna,1998, 279 p. (Antim Cristian Bobicescu); w rkach Pamitniki dowódców i garnizonu polskiego w Moskwie w lataich 1610- 1612 (Moscova in mâinile polonezilor. Memoriile comandantilor garnizoanei poloneze anii 1610- 1612), Wydawnictwo Platan,1995, 518 p. CristianBobicescu); BUDZILO, Wojna moskiewslca wzniecona i prowadzona okazii falszwych od 1603 do 1612 r (RAzboiul Moscovei, purtat timpul falsilor Dimitrie din 1603 la 1612), opracowana przez Byliski iJ. Dlugosz, Wroclaw, Wydawnictwo Universitetu Wroclawskiego, 1995, 181p. (Antim Cristian Bobicescu); VIOLETA BARBU. Esop. critic, Bucuresti, 1999, Edit. Minerva. 224 p. (Constantin COSTIN, Latopis Ziemi Moldawskiej i utwory (Letopise(ul Moldovei alte opere istorice), introducere, comentariu traducere Ilona Czamaska, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1998, 357 p. (Antim Cristian Bobicescu); Histoire des Mongols (Mongghol-un ni'uca tobciyan). Chronique mongole traduit du mongol, présenté et annoté par Marie-Dominique Even et Rodica Pop, Roberte N. Hamayon, Série mongole publiée sous les auspices de Unesco, Paris, Gallimard, NRF, 1994, 350 p. (Eugen ANTAL LUKACS, Tara evul (secolele Bucuresti, Edit. Enciclopedicä, 1999, 220 p.(Ecaterina C Petrescu); MARIANA Studiu Edit. 1998, 212 p. (Silviu Tabac); CONSTANTIN Biserica din 1997, 164 p. (Silviu BOGDAN MURGESCU. www.digibuc.ro - istorie (600-1800), Bucuresti, 1999, Ed. a II-a, Edit.Teora, colectia Anna les, 214 p.(Alexandru Madgearu); DORU Tiparul la sfársitul al XVII-lea inceputul al XVIII-lea, Muzeul Edit.Istros, 1998, 340 p.(Constantin CRISTIAN LUCA, Cercel un domn umanist in Tara Bucuresti, 2000, Edit. 158 pp. + anexe (Constantin Dobrild); OVIDIU PECICAN, Lumea lui Simion Cluj-Napoca, 1998, Edit. Fundatiei pentru Studii Europene, 296 p. (Andreea lancu); HENRYK WISNER, i car Rzeczspospolita i Moskwa w XVI i wieku (Rege Republica Moscova sec. XVI XVII), Ksiazika i Wiedza, Warszawa, 1995, 143 p. (Antim Cristian Bobicescu); WOJCIECH POLAK, Kreml i Smolenszczyzng Polityka Rzeczpospolitej wobec w 1607-1612 (Pentru Kremlin teritoriile Smolenskului. Politica Republicii de Moscova anii 1607- 1612), Roczniki TNT, Torun, 1995, 371 p. Cristian Bobicescu); SOLCAN, Familia in al XVII-lea Edit. din Bucuresti,1999, 252 p. (Maria Magdalena Székely); Dr. IOLANDA TIGHILIU, Societate mentalitate in Tara Moldova. Bucuresti, 1998, Paideia, 372 p. (Maria Magdalena Szélcely); ERIK Az A nemes és (Familia Elefänthy: nobilul medieval clanul säu), ed. a II-a, notebibliografie ingrijite de Péter Banyó, Budapesta, 1999, Edit. Osiris, 250 p. laws); PAL ENGEL, A nemesi társadalom a Ung megyében (Societatea nobiliard din comitatul Ung Evul Mediu), Budapesta,1998, MTA Történettudományi Intézet, seria Társadalom-és tanulmányok (Studii de istorie socialá a artei), 180 p. + anexe Pakucs); S. KINGA, Fônemesi életmód a XVII. századi (Via la cotidiand nobiliard in Secuime la secolului XVII), Bucuresti, 1998, Edit. Kriterion, 294 p. + (Mária Pakucs); ILEANA Imaginarsimbol heraldica medievaa Bucuresti, 1996, Casa de Edit., Presä Impresariat lex, 142 p. cu 18 fig. 8 pl. in culori (Tudor-Radu Tiron); SILVIU ANDRIES-TABAC, Heraldicateritoriald a Basarabiei Transnistriei, Chisinäu, 1998, Edit. Museum, 163 p., 355 fig. incluse text, VIII pl. color 2 (Tudor-Radu Tiron); ENTZ GEZA, KOVACS ANDRAS, A Koloszvári Farkas templom (Stemele bisericii din strada Farkas din Cluj), Budapesta, 1995, Edit. Balassi din BudapestaEdit. Polis din Cluj, 94 p., 32 pl. alb-negru 16 pl. color (Tudor- Radu Tiron); DRAGOM1R, Studii de medievald ed. studiu introductiv note de Sorin Cluj-Napoca, Centrul de studii transilvane, Fundatia Culturalä 1999, 247 p. (erban Papacostea); VICTOR SPINEI, din sud-estul Europei in Institutul European, lasi, 1999, 513 p. (Virgil Ciociltan); SERGEI P. KARPOV, La navigazione veneziana Mar Nero XIII-XV Ravenna, 2000, Edizioni del Girasole, 207 p. Papacostea); KONRAD Siebenbürgen und die Siebenbürgen Sachsen, München, 1998, Langen 304 p. (erban Papacostea); CESARE ALZATI, Europei. Studii de istorie a traducere bibliografie de $erban Turcus, postfatä de loan-Aurel Pop, Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Fundalia Culturalá Cluj-Napoca, 1998, 237 p. (Bibliotheca rerum Transilvaniae XX) Papacostea) ABREVIERI 309 www.digibuc.ro www.digibuc.ro ACADEMIA INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE "NICOLAE IORGA" STUDII MATERIALE DE ISTORIE MEDIE VOL. XVIII, 2000 SOMMAIRE LA MER NOIRE: INTERFERENCES POLITIQUE ET COMMERCIALES VIRGIL CIOCILTAN, deladiplomatique:lespremierstraités tataros-génois 9 OVIDIU CRISTEA, Renouvellement de la politique vénitienne dans l'espace Egéen-Pontique (1310-1332) 27 SERBAN PAPACOSTEA, Les routes commerciales internationales et la des Etats roumains dans la vision de Nicolae et dans l'historiographie récente 45 STEFAN ANDREESCU, Quelques notes sur Cetatea 57 ILEANA Itinéraires danubiens-pontiques et réalités balcaniques dans les notes des voyageurs allemands - debut du 79 PAUL CERNOVODEANU, La politique orientale anglaise entre 1733-1739. II.'Angleterre et la guerre austro-russo-turque (1736-1739) 95 DOCUMENTAIRE ZSIGMOND Etudedessourcesdiplomatiquesmédiévalesde Transylvanie (II) 109 "StudiiMateriale de Istorie vol. XVIII, 2000, p. 1-311 www.digibuc.ro MARIA M. ALEXANDRESCU-DERSCA BULGARU, Les campagnes du géneralFedericoVeteranienTransylvanieetauBanat(1686-1694). II. (1690-1694) 127 GHEORGHE Documents concernant les marchands Pepano et leur établissement Codreni (I) 147 VARIA NICOLAE-SERBAN L'Humaniste loan Laskaris et les Roumains 159 ANCA POPESCU, La Métropole de Gothie dans le diplôme ottoman d'investiture du Patriarche de Constantinople 167 ANDREI PIPPIDI, Deux portraits roumainsMalte 173 CRISTIAN LUCA, Le dépôt de Radu Mihneala Zecca de Venise 189 MARIA MAGDALENA SZÉKELY, Préliminaires une histoire de la nuit dans les Pays Roumains 197 CONSTANTA GHITULESCU, Dot entre norme et pratique. La Valachie au (I) 213 EUGEN DENIZE, L'image des Roumains en Espagne XVIIP siècles). Nouvelles contributions 223 BOGDAN-FLORIN POPOVICI, Les établissements de Branul de Sus 237 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 249 COMPTES-RENDUS NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 253 ABBREVIATIONS 309 www.digibuc.ro ACADEMIA INSTITUTUL DE "NICOLAE IORGA" STUDII MATERIALE DE ISTORIE MEDIE VOL. XVIII, 2000 CONTENTS THE BLACK SEA: POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL INTERELATIONS VIRGIL CIOCÎLTAN, The Mysteries of Diplomacy: The First Tatar-Genoese Treaties 9 OVIDIU CRISTEA, Revival of Venetian Policy in the Aegean-Pontic Space (1310-1332) 27 $ERBAN PAPACOSTEA, The International Commercial Roads and the Genesis of the Rornanian States in the Approaches of Nicolae lorga and of Contemporany Historiography 45 $TEFAN ANDREESCU, A Few Notes on Cetatea 57 ILEANA CAZAN, Danubian-Pontic Itineraries and the Balkan Realities in the Accounts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preda Buzescu – the Grand Ban of Craiova (1602-1608)
    SECTION: HISTORY AND CULTURAL MENTALITIES LDMD 2 PREDA BUZESCU – THE GRAND BAN OF CRAIOVA (1602-1608) Sorin Bulboacă, Assist. Prof. , PhD., ”Vasile Goldis” University of the West, Arad Abstract: During the 17th century, the grand ban of Craiova was the most important high official of Wallachia, most coveted by the big boyars, big dime with authority in the counties west of the river Olt. Preda Buzescu great dignity ban occupied briefly in the fall of 1600, called Michael the Brave Preda Buzescu Wallachian boyars filohabsburgice leader was an excellent military commander, who has proved his talent in fighting the Turks, decided partisan alliance with the Emperor Rudolf II. No other ban had the autority of Preda Buzescu, between 1602-1608, in the counties west of river Olt, during the 17th century. He had a chancellery that issued documents without invoking the authority of the prince regnant. Preda Buzescu has ordered the Wallachian*s army. For services faithful to the great dime Preda Buzescu full advantage of his generosity Radu Serban. Few months before his death Preda Buzescu, Radu Serban confirms his dominion over the villages Fauresti,, Novaci, Susani, Rudariu and Seaca. Keywords: ban, boyars, counties, millitary commander, Craiova În secolul al XVII-lea, în Ţara Românească, marea bănie a Craiovei este cea mai importantă dregătorie, cea mai râvnită de marii boieri, marele ban dispunând de o autoritate cvasidomnească în judeţele de la apus de râul Olt, cel puţin până la Matei Basarab. Marele ban al Craiovei este, de obicei, cel dintâi menţionat în lista martorilor din sfatul domnesc şi este singurul dregător care posedă o cancelarie proprie la Craiova, care emite documente, valabile în judeţele aflate la vest de Olt1.
    [Show full text]
  • Gidni 233 People and Places in the History Of
    Section – History and Cultural Mentalities GIDNI PEOPLE AND PLACES IN THE HISTORY OF TÂRGOVIŞTE Cristina Furtună, Assist., PhD Candidate, ”Valahia” University of Târgoviște Abstract: In history, Târgovişte has been an economic, administrative, political center but also a cultural one, particularly important for the Romanian culture. In Târgovişte, the topic of time returns obstinately (Prehistoric Time, Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance Time, Modern Time), understood according to the definition given to it by St. Augustine – mobile image of eternity. Antiquity represented time symbolically as a circle, with 12 astrological signs on it and whose center symbolized the eternity of being. Similarly, Târgovişte is an eternal city of the Oriental Roman world. The symbolical passage from temporal to spatial involves the material evidence, seen as an adversary of extinction in the being’s fight for eternity, concept that permanently joined the terrestrial representation of the existence, so present in the area of Târgovişte. Keywords: Târgovişte, book, writers, places, history, culture, time Introduction In time, Târgovişte has been an economic, administrative, political but also cultural centre, particularly important for the Romanian culture. It was first attested by the documents at the end of the 14th century and culturally thrived at the beginning of the 15th century. Different writing and communication experts appear (grămătici, pisari, dieci but also logofeţi and princely emissaries/ soli domneşti), assuring the commercial and diplomatic connection with the neighboring countries. Târgovişte was also a princely residence and has preserved the marks of its cultural institutions. It is in Târgovişte that the first Romanian grammar appeared and it is also here that erudite scholars such as Macarie, Udrişte Năsturel, senechal Constantin Cantacuzino and voivodes who set up cultural institutions (such as Radu cel Mare, Neagoe Basarab, Mihai Viteazul, Matei Basarab) carried out their activity.
    [Show full text]
  • 103 Considerations on the Appearance And
    CONSIDERATIONS ON THE APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITARIAN LEGISLATIVE NORMS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Vitalie RUSU* Abstract During the Middle Ages, war did not aim at glory, but interests, and the peace state was not considered honourable, but humiliating, as initially, the causes of a war could be: the obligation to avenge an offence or a crime, the conflicts between suzerains and vassals, the campaigns against some cities or ending rebellions. Most of the time, for kings, land owners and knights, war was the best choice to prove their power and to increase their wealth. The reason was the spoils of war. However, in all those conflicts, human people were affected, thus generating the need to develop some specific norms in order to protect them. Keywords: Humanitarian Law, war, conflict evolution, early international relations 1. Introductory Remarks At the beginning of feudalism, conquest wars and wars carried out for obtaining supremacy on vast areas were very frequent, and the ways and methods used in fights were very cruel. Later on, the problem of arguing a ―rightful‖ war became a problem. In this respect, regardless of the country, we shall not overlook the following moments: - after the period of feudal conflicts (11th - 12th centuries) an active struggle for limiting and forbidding armed conflicts began. During the same period, the rule according to which war can only be declared by the king was established; - gradually, the so called legal grounds for a ―rightful‖ war appear, among them the returning of stolen property and the country‘s defence.
    [Show full text]
  • Bram Stoker's Vampire Trap : Vlad the Impaler and His Nameless Double
    BRAM STOKER’S VAMPIRE TRAP VLAD THE IMPALER AND HIS NAMELEss DOUBLE BY HANS CORNEEL DE ROOS, MA MUNICH EMAIL: [email protected] HOMEPAGE: WWW.HANSDEROOS.COM PUBLISHED BY LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC PREss S-581 83 LINKÖPING, SWEDEN IN THE SERIES: LINKÖPING ELECTRONIC ARTICLES IN COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES EDITOR: PROF. ERIK SANDEWALL AbsTRACT Since Bacil Kirtley in 1958 proposed that Bram Stoker’s Count Dracula, the best known literary character ever, shared his historical past with the Wallachian Voivode Vlad III Dracula, an intense debate about this connection has developed and other candidates have been suggested, like the Hungarian General János Hunyadi – a proposal resurfacing in the most recent annotated Dracula edition by Leslie Klinger (2008). By close-reading Stoker’s sources, his research notes and the novel, I will demonstrate that Stoker’s narrative initially links his Count to the person of Vlad III indeed, not Hunyadi, although the novelist neither knew the ruler’s first name, nor his father’s name, nor his epithet “the Impaler”, nor the cruelties attributed to him. Still – or maybe for this very reason – Stoker did not wish to uphold this traceable identity: In Chapter 25, shortly before the decisive chase, he removes this link again, by way of silent substitution, cloaked by Professor van Helsing’s clownish distractions. Like the Vampire Lord Ruthven, disappearing through the “vampire trap” constructed by James R. Planché for his play The Brides of the Isles in the English Opera House, later renamed to Lyceum Theatre and run by Stoker, the historical Voivode Vlad III Dracula is suddenly removed from the stage: In the final chapters, the Vampire Hunters pursue a nameless double.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania, December 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Romania, December 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: ROMANIA December 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Romania. Short Form: Romania. Term for Citizen(s): Romanian(s). Capital: Bucharest (Bucureşti). Click to Enlarge Image Major Cities: As of 2003, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, with 1.93 million inhabitants. Other major cities, in order of population, are Iaşi (313,444), Constanţa (309,965), Timişoara (308,019), Craiova (300,843), Galati (300,211), Cluj-Napoca (294,906), Braşov (286,371), and Ploeşti (236,724). Independence: July 13, 1878, from the Ottoman Empire; kingdom proclaimed March 26, 1881; Romanian People’s Republic proclaimed April 13, 1948. Public Holidays: Romania observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Epiphany (January 6), Orthodox Easter (a variable date in April or early May), Labor Day (May 1), Unification Day (December 1), and National Day and Christmas (December 25). Flag: The Romanian flag has three equal vertical stripes of blue (left), yellow, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Human Settlement: Human settlement first occurred in the lands that now constitute Romania during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 600,000 years ago. About 5500 B.C. the region was inhabited by Indo-European people, who in turn gave way to Thracian tribes. Today’s Romanians are in part descended from the Getae, a Thracian tribe that lived north of the Danube River. During the Bronze Age (about 2200 to 1200 B.C.), these Thraco-Getian tribes engaged in agriculture, stock raising, and trade with inhabitants of the Aegean Sea coast.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Daskalov R Tchavdar M Ed En
    Entangled Histories of the Balkans Balkan Studies Library Editor-in-Chief Zoran Milutinović, University College London Editorial Board Gordon N. Bardos, Columbia University Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Jasna Dragović-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London Christian Voss, Humboldt University, Berlin Advisory Board Marie-Janine Calic, University of Munich Lenard J. Cohen, Simon Fraser University Radmila Gorup, Columbia University Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh Robert Hodel, Hamburg University Anna Krasteva, New Bulgarian University Galin Tihanov, Queen Mary, University of London Maria Todorova, University of Illinois Andrew Wachtel, Northwestern University VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsl Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies Edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover Illustration: Top left: Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), philologist and publicist, founder of Macedo- nian national ideology and the Macedonian standard language. Photographer unknown. Top right: Rigas Feraios (1757–1798), Greek political thinker and revolutionary, ideologist of the Greek Enlightenment. Portrait by Andreas Kriezis (1816–1880), Benaki Museum, Athens. Bottom left: Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), philologist, ethnographer and linguist, reformer of the Serbian language and founder of Serbo-Croatian. 1865, lithography by Josef Kriehuber. Bottom right: Şemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850–1904), Albanian writer and scholar, ideologist of Albanian and of modern Turkish nationalism, with his wife Emine. Photo around 1900, photo- grapher unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Entangled histories of the Balkans / edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov. pages cm — (Balkan studies library ; Volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • PRIMELE SCRISORI T~XPEDIATE DIN BUCUREŞTI, ÎN AFARA SPAŢIULUI ROMÂNESC
    PRIMELE SCRISORI t~XPEDIATE DIN BUCUREŞTI, ÎN AFARA SPAŢIULUI ROMÂNESC Gabriel Ciotoran Iubitorii de istorie sunt familiarizaţi cu scrisori din secolele XIX şi XX expediate din oraşul Bucureşti sau primite de diversele personalităţi ale acestuia. Acest articol aduce la cunoştinţa publicului larg patru scrisori trimise din oraşul acesta in secolul XVI, mai exact în ultimul sfert al acestuia. Lectura lor, destul de dificilă de altfel, !'sie un bun prilej de a constata ce era în mintea unor oameni din acele timpuri, ce probleme ~i obiceiuri aveau, mai ales că ei se aflau la cârma Ţării Româneşti, fiind printre puţinii care ~tiau să scrie! Scrisul lor era destul de agramat de altfel, după cum se constată. "În acele vremuri fără ziare, fără poştă, telegraf, relaţiile se 1 întreţineau prin viu grai ~i prin scrisori duse prin codrii şi paşunile munţilor sau peste mări şi ţări, de oameni de 1ncredere (mesageri) care aduceau şi răspunsurile. Foarte puţini oameni ştiau să scrie, acesta liind apanajul domnitorului şi a celor care îl înconjurau. Scrisorile erau în general scrise în limba slavonă, limba cancelariilor europene din Evul Mediu, sau în greacă cum este şi cazul celor 3 scrisori pe care le voi reda în întregime mai jos expediate de Ecaterina, mama lui Mihnea Turcitul (1577-1583;1585-1591) surorii sale Marioara care se afla la Veneţia şi în limba italiană în care este scrisă scrisoarea expediată de Pascal, un nepot al Ecaterinei, aceleiaşi Marioare, mama lui. Dacă primele scrisori expediate de Vlad Ţepeş şi Radu cel Frumos, în a doua jumătate a secolului al XV-iea fuseseră la Braşov, sau următoarele pe parcursul unui secol la Sibiu deci în cuprinsul spaţiului românesc, acestea au fost expediate în afara acestuia! Au urmat scrisori trimise de domni români, dogelui din Veneţia2 .
    [Show full text]
  • Greek As Ottoman? Language, Identity and Mediation of Ottoman Culture in the Early Modern Period1
    Greek as Ottoman? Language, identity and mediation of Ottoman culture in the early modern period1 MICHAŁ WASIUCIONEK New Europe College Bucharest/LuxFaSS Abstract The scope of the paper is to examine the role of Greek as a conduit for the flow of cultural models between the Ottoman centre and the Christian periphery of the empire. The Danubian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia witnessed throughout the early modern period a number of linguistic shifts, including the replacement of Slavonic literature with the one written in vernacular. Modern Romanian historiography has portrayed cultural change was a teleological one, triggered by the monetization of economy and the rise of new social classes. What this model fails to explain, though, is the partial retrenchment of vernacular as a literary medium in the eighteenth century, as it faced the stiff competition of Greek. The aim of this paper is to look at the ascendancy of Greek in the Danubian principalities and corresponding socio-economic and political changes through Ottoman lens. Rather than a departure from the developments that facilitated the victory of Romanian over Slavonic, the proliferation of Greek can be interpreted as their continuation, reflecting the growing integration of Moldavian and Wallachian elites into the fabric of the Ottoman Empire at the time when a new socio-political consensus was reaching its maturity. By its association with Ottoman-Orthodox Phanariot elites, the Greek language became an important conduit by which the provincial elites were able to integrate themselves within the larger social fabric, while also importing new models from the imperial centre. Keywords: Ottoman Empire; Danubian principalities; Greek language; Identity; Early Modern Period In 1965, a prominent Romanian medievalist Petre P.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline1800 18001600
    TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Request: Letter to Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave) in Filitti (Ed.) 'Din Arhivele Vaticanului'. Volume 2 (1914), Page 71
    H-Romania Special request: Letter to Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave) in Filitti (ed.) 'Din arhivele Vaticanului'. volume 2 (1914), page 71. Discussion published by Daniel Bamford on Friday, November 27, 2015 Dear All, Please would somebody help me out by sending me a scanned copy of the following document? It is an Italian language letter from the English ambassador in Constantinople, Edward Barton to Prince Mihai of Wallachia (Michael the Brave / Mihai Viteazul) written and sent in 1597. It was published by Ioan Constantin Filitti in 'Din arhivele Vaticanului', vol. 2 (Bucuresti, 1914), page 71. I have been able to locate three copies of this book by online library catalogue searches: Bucharest (Bucuresti), Padua (Padova) and New York. There are none in Britain - not even the British Library or the Bodleian in Oxford. (The BnF in Paris only has volume 1 of the two volume set). Here are the details. 1. Biblioteca Centrală Universitară „Carol I” , Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Shelfmark: UNITATEA CENTRALA 43503. Barcode: C20059927. http://cacheprod.bcub.ro/webopac/FullBB.csp?ExtraInfo=&SearchTerm1=&SearchT1=&Index1=Uin dex04&ItemNr=&Database=2&SearchMethod=Find_1&OpacLanguage=eng&Profile=Default&Requ estId=844329_6&PageType=FullBB&PreviousList=FullBB&NumberToRetrieve=50&WebAction=Sav eSelection&RecordNumber=1&StartValue=1&SaveListInfo=General_844329_Dummy 2. Università di Padova - Biblioteca di Scienze dell'Educazione (CIPE) - University of Padua – Education Science Library (CIPE). http://catalogo.unipd.it/F/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&request=ocolc876308660 3. New York Public Library System http://catalog.nypl.org/record=b13467975~S1 As some of you may be aware, the relationship between Edward Barton and Prince Mihai has been known for a long time and is mentioned, for example, in Nicolae Iorga's book on 'Anglo-Roumanian Citation: Daniel Bamford.
    [Show full text]
  • September 4, 2020 Issue 18
    THE SAXON NEWS Published by The Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons Home Offi ce: 5393 Pearl Road Cleveland, Ohio 44129-1597 Tel: (440) 842-8442 Celebrating over 100 years of Saxon Fraternalism ATS Founded in 1902 September 4, 2020 Issue 18 BRANCH 4, CLEVELAND By Joan Miller-Malue Update Your Personal Records and PRESIDENT’S “The best things in life are the people we love, Family Protection the places we have been and the memories we MESSAGE have made along the way.” Our membership is Address changes? Have you By Denise Aeling thankful for the love that we share, the many Crawford activities and events we have had together and notified the ATS Home Office of the wonderful memories we cherish from coming your new address? Have your ATS Nat’l President together at the Sachsenheim. Covid-19 has put a adult children changed their dent in personally coming together, but we are all anxious for the time when things become normal addresses? again and we can get together as in the past. Beneficiary changes? Was I would like to extend birthday wishes to Dr. We will not hold a September Branch meeting, there a marriage, divorce, Wolfgang Bonfert of Germany. The ATS Board of but are planning to hold one in October. Also, we death, etc., in your family which Directors also congratulates him on receiving a have postponed our Annual Membership Banquet special award. For Dr. Bonfert’s 90th Birthday, the which was to be held on September 20th. We would require you to make a Federation of Transylvanian Saxons honored him are hoping to reschedule the banquet to later in change of beneficiary on your this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic and Mental Boundaries in the Romanian-Hungarian Historical Dialogue on Transylvania Case Study: the Historical Film
    Semantic and Mental Boundaries in the Romanian-Hungarian Historical Dialogue on Transylvania Case Study: the Historical Film GABRIEL MOISA INCE THE Enlightenment the Romanian and Hungarian historiographies have Shad a permanent dialogue regarding Transylvania. In the context of the amplifi- cation of the Romanian national revival process, beginning with the middle of the 18th century, when bishop Ioan Inocentiu Micu-Klein and his Suplex Libellus Valachorum presented a first articulated view of the rights of the Romanians in Transylvania, the Hungarian reaction did not fail to appear. The Hungarian historiography set up a theory according to which the Romanians emerged as a people south of the Danube and migrated to Transylvania late in the Middle Ages and at the beginnings of moder- nity. The establishment of the modern Romanian state in 1859 gave new impetus to this historiographical movement, politicized by the political power in Budapest. The fact that the Transylvanian Romanians had a state to address their national hopes in a 19th century that essentially belonged to nationalities led to a terrible effort from the part of the Hungarian historiography concerning Transylvania to justify the control over a Transylvania where the Romanian population represented around 65% of the entire pop- ulation. Robert Roesler’s theory according to which the Romanian people emerged south of the Danube and later migrated to Transylvania was formulated precisely in this con- text. The theory was first brought to the attention of the public in 1871, in a volume entitled Romänische Studien. In fact, Robert Roesler articulated in an elevated way the theories of his 18th century predecessors who had argued with the representatives of the Transylvanian School.
    [Show full text]