Institute of Urban and Regional Planning

Programme Workshop Innsbruck 23.04 – 01.06.2012

BetreuerInnen: Ulla Hell Reinhard Honold Maria Schneider

Task

Reconstruction of an alpine village

On the example of Obertilliach: What can urban thinking architects propose in rural regions, which are threatened by emigration, to enable an equilibrated economical, cultural and social life on the standard and height of our time – by maintaining the natural and scenic qualities? Which steps can contribute that the young ones do not want to move away as a matter of principles but rather bring into the region their energy and knowledge in order to participate from there to the global social discussion? How can architecture contribute to a positive communication between the members of different generations?

Introduction

Since approximately three decades Europe finds itself in a fundamental process of change. The social conditions are shifting, people are getting older and the classical image of „the family“ is pushed to the background. In parallel social competences and responsibilities are getting less important through the growth of wealth. Globalization conditions a mixture of religions and nationalities and therefore a loss of ethnic and traditional values. Ecologic factors in order to protect the environment have to be pushed forward. Future prospects predict that many people will not be able to afford their actual standard of living.

Climate change, exploding costs of energy and the obligation to achieve the Kyoto Protocol, which was decided at The 11th of December 1997, are questions of the energy conservation and central themes of our society. Energy production or energy efficiency as simple topic is not enough. We have to react immediately, the PEAK- Oil is getting closer very fast, climate change happens; the consequences of the actual economic crises are quite unpredictable at the moment.

Globally as well as regionally we observe a strong tendency towards a rural depopulation, in parallel is happening an urban depopulation: people benefit on one hand from the urban infrastructures and atmospheres but on the other hand they are seeking their house with garden in the middle of nature. The consequences are a sprawl in the peripheries of the cities (Speckguertel), traffic intense agglomerations and so-called “Zwischenstaedte” (“In-between-cities”, Thomas Sieverts), which lead to an immense use of land and to a high traffic volume on one hand and to formations of ghettos on the other.

Univ.-Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Maria Schneider Dean of Studies Institute of Urban and Regional Planning Fon: +43 512 507 6964 Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Fax: +43 512 507 2954 Technikerstrasse 13 · A-6020 Innsbruck mail: [email protected] Institute of Urban and Regional Planning Page 2

Many regions are confronted with changing local and global basic conditions. Far too often developments in economy, society and ecology are not recognized in time. Through political, economic and private interests such developments become a huge potential of conflicts and are often corrected only punctually. Holistic and sustainable solutions are not worked out and realized. Only if a region is flexible enough to adapt to the constant changing social, political and ecological parameters a positive development can take place.

Even though those problems are evident and known enough, in spatial development systematic and holistic solutions can be barely found. Settlements, cities, regions and countries have to face those developments and assume sustainable responsibilities.

We are therefore invited to work out and realize future innovative scenarios for an affordable social and ecologic living environment- for urban but as well rural areas.

A constructive and innovative approach against the endless growing cities is the regionalization, the reactivation and revival of selected regions, depending on the potential of the location. Holistic concepts for infrastructure, mobility, building in and with nature and the use of regenerative energies are needed as well as a value creation in the region itself. A second approach is an interdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation of different professionals (architects, urban and landscape planners, engineers, sociologists, geographers, etc.) with politics, economy and universities. Last but not least a planning and implementation in terms of “Regional Governance” in the spatial development is needed as well as an awareness raising of the stakeholders.

Programme

23.04. 11.00 Welcome at the Institute of Urban Design and Regional Planning (3rd floor) Lecture - Maria Schneider Introduction of the project – Reinhard Honold Introduction of oneself Installation of the working place in the seminar room HSB7, Ground Floor in the Building of the Department of Civil Engineering Sciences Welcome party

Workshop Obertilliach

24.04. Going to Obertilliach Train Departure: Innsbruck Station 07.00 Arrival: Station 10.00 Bus Departure: Sillian Station (Bus 4416) 10.16 Arrival: Obertilliach Busstop 10.37 Accommodation Hotel Andreas

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12.30 Meeting Point at Hotel Andreas (There we have a seminar room, where the lectures will be hold and where you can work) 13.00 Welcome Mayor Matthias Scherer Lecture Hannes Mitterdorfer 16.00 Tour through Obertilliach with Josef Lugger, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Tourism, Obertilliach, CEO of the Hotel Unterwöger, Obertilliach 18.00 Lecture Hansjörg Viertler / Hans Schmieder 20.00 Dinner

25.04. 9.00 Departure Villgratental Tour through Villgratental with Hans Schett Sightseeing factory of sheep wool, .... afterwords Work 18.00 Reflection meeting (thoughts and first ideas) grouping 20.00 Dinner

26.04. 9.00 Visiting of special places (hamlets or Maria Luggau, etc.) 12.00 Work

Going to Innsbruck Bus Departure: Obertilliach Busstop (Bus 4416) 16.18 Arrival: Sillian Station 16.36 Train Departure: Sillian Station 17.56 Arrival: Innsbruck Station 21.00

27.04. – 01.05. Work

02.05. 8.00 Excursion Ötztal (Sölden, Ober- und Hochgurgl) Meeting Point – Technikerstrasse 13 at the busstop

03.05. 10.00 Lecture Arnold Klotz 11.00 Lecture Wolfgang Andexlinger 12.00 Review (compulsary attendance) Presentation: Visualization of the 1. Ideas (poster) Detailed definition of the assignment (groups)

04.05 – 07.05. Work

07.05. 10.00 Workshop with Keith Mascarenhas Topic: Is Architecture a conversation or a Monolog

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08.05. 12.00 Lectures Ulla Hell and Reinhard Honold 14.00 Review (possibility)

09.05. Work

10.05. 12.00 Lecture Bart Lootsma 13.00 Lecture Martin Mutschlechner 14.00 Review (compulsary attendance) Presentation of the projects – ideas, implementation, design (poster)

11.05. – 15.05. Work

16.05. 12.00 Midterm (Plakat) Guests: Jäger, Machne, Mutschlechner, Holger, …

17.05. – 21.05. Work

22.05. 12.00 Review (compulsary attendance) (PP or poster)

23.05. Work

24.05. 12.00 Review (compulsary attendance) (PP)

25.05. – 30.05. Work

31.05. 14.00 Final Presentation (PP as well as poster, maybe a model) Hand over of CD (PP inclusive poster and maybe photos of the model) Final party

Charges Hotel - Gasthof Andreas – Accommodation with breakfast and dinner – free Trips in East (Villgraten, etc.) – Transportation is free Train and Bus “Innsbruck – Obertilliach” – you have to pay (You have to be early enough at the station in Innsbruck or you buy the tickets the day before. I think it is possible to buy the tickets from Innsbruck to Obertilliach and back at the railway station in Innsbruck, Meeting Point is in Obertilliach) Excursion with the bus to Ötztal – transportation is free

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Information

East Tyrol Geographically spoken, the region of may be seen as a kind of island. The inner alpine region of East Tyrol is far removed from the great alpine transit routes and all great flows of tourists pass it by. Even if the situation is less dramatic than in some regions of the French and Italian Alps, some villages and towns could rightly be seen as lacking in infrastructure. The population is shrinking due to emigration. Despite certain structural weaknesses, East Tyrol is a functioning agricultural region dominated by sustainable tourism and a decent level of economic strength in the fields of small and medium-sized businesses in the area of . East Tyrol certainly does not have any tourist hubs like Kitzbühel, Sölden, or Ischgl in North Tyrol, nor such a highly-developed agriculture as South Tyrol with its expansive apple and wine cultivations. Even if East Tyrol is a culturally highly developed region, some developments come to these regions somewhat late or can be observed to a lesser degree, which is doubtless due to its geographical situation. That is why the region has its own (agri)cultural landscapes, its somewhat idiosyncratic village and town structures and its very own ways of life steeped in tradition.

Regionalization

Regionalization as term is not used very often. „Region“ is also note to be defined by quantitative definitions. ”Regions” could be seen as territorially or politically informed areas or as culturally or religiously informed areas and therefore we have many different regions in the world, which all have their characters. Those characters have to be maintained and have to be brought to an updated ecological, technical and technological standard in order to give society the chance to find an identification and a potential of creating its living environment. The term regionalization has to be seen from its positive side. It offers the opportunity to develop a qualitative living space through holistic concepts. Development needs time – no problem: regionalization is like globalization a process related action.

Obertilliach General data: Coordinates 46° 43′ N, 12° 37′ O Region , Osttriol Parts of the village Leiten, Rodarm, Dorf, Bergen (Rals, Goll, Bachhäusl, Huben, Flatsch) Sea level 1450m Area 65,14km² Population density 10,98 Inhabitants per km² Mountain area 4,73km² Forest area 24,21km² Meadow area 35,69km² Water area 0,51km² Nonproductive area 4,858 km² Built area 0,3546km² buildable area Of which 0,2165km² are already built Households 242 (2002)

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Number of houses 221 (objects with living area) Second homes 1 Climate rough summer, sunny and clear winter days, autumn is cold, long winters with loads of snow, short time for vegetation to grow Demographic data: Population 796 (2001) 755 (2006) as principal residence and 87 as secondary residence Children 0-14 years: 160 Adolescents 14-18 years: 60 Men/ women 18 –70 years: 468 Elderly: 68 Development of the population

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Population 759 808 822 824 783 796 Households 195 215

Economics: Main type tourism, 96 establishments in farming, timber and forestry industry, 43 other businesses Occupation 277 people are working in the village Commuting 79 in – commuters, 105 out-commuters within the , 58 out- commuters outside the district Agriculture Number/typology 68 agricultural establishments, mainly as sideline with sheep- and cattle farming Number 10-20 cattle per establishment, 25 sheep per establishment Commerce Number/typology 2 supermarkets, 1 bakery, 1 shop with sports equipment Tourism Hotels/Beds 4 with a total of 224 beds Pensions/Beds 9 with a total of 181 beds Bed and Breakfast 24 with a total of 141 beds Apartments 46 with 539 beds Residences - Camping - Cafés/restaurants 2 cafés, 3 restaurants in the village, 1 restaurant in the ski resort, 2 alm restaurants Holiday on farms 28 (beds already mentioned above) Winter season November- April Data Ski resort 1 chairlift, 4 ski lifts Data winter sport 16km downhill slopes (ca. 30ha), 30km cross country skiing slopes- with connection to neighboring villages 60km, Cross country/ Biathlon Centre (also for summer training), 6,4km Sledging Summer season June – October Mountain huts Porzehuette, Conny Alm Hiking/ Climbing ca 30 different trails

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Football 1 pitch Tennis - Gymns 1, 180m² Pools 1 private indoor pool open to the public Horse riding 1 Craft Number/typology 1 coiffeur, 1 sawmill, 1 earth movement company, 1 carrying business, 1 garage, 1 woodcarver Social constitutions Medical practice 1 with a small in-house pharmacy Hospital Lienz (40 km away) Municipality 1 building with municipality, fire service, tourist information, police, bank, library Youth some groups organized as traditional societies Elderly assisted by the district of East Tyrol Societies there is a varied activity of different mainly traditional societies: Band, sports club, gun club, mountain rescue, traditional dance group, theater society, society that maintains traditions, ski school, men choir, Bike club, farmers club Transport Distances train station: 18km Tassenbach, highway: 93km eastwards, 91km westwards (A22), airport: 166km Innsbruck, 154km Klagenfurt, 142km Bozen) Bus connections Obertilliach – Lienz: 2x/day Culture/Religion Kindergarten 1 Primary school 1 Secondary school 20km away in Sillian University 166km away Innsbruck Library 1 Museum 1 Language German Religion Roman Catholic Historical Background The name „Obertilliach“: „Cercinago“ is the old name for Tilliach and shows that the Romans populated the area. Names like Rals, Flatsch or Goll show those roots. Tilliach was first mentioned in the 2nd half of the 11th century- The area originally was a “welsh” pasture for horses which was owned by farmers from the / Comelico which is located at the southern part of the bordering mountain and belongs nowadays to . From 600 AD the settlement happened mainly through the Bajuwares, many farm- names still carry their roots. 769 AD the Mountain (North side of Obertilliach) was set as the boundary between the Slawian and the Bajuwarian area of settlement. The area of Obertilliach was part of the monastery of Innichen (nowadays part of South Tyrol). 1075 AD the whole area was donated to the diocese of Brixen (also nowadays part of South Tyrol in Italy)- during this time many farm buildings were constructed on the sunny side of the area. It is told, but not historically proved, that around 1375 AD emigrants from Silesia settled the area. Well documented are bloody fights between the inhabitants of Tilliach and the bordering people

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from the Cadore (by then appertaining to the )- in order to stop the struggles the frontiers was shifted from the River in the valley up to the peaks of the Karnian mountains (Karnischer Kamm). In 1512 the last invasion by the Cadorian people is known. From this time comes the typical form of settlement of Obertilliach. The village is a so-called “Haufendorf” (closed form of settlement with irregular form of the single sites and varying size of farms) which with its compact form it is ideal for defending against invasions (f.e. from the Cadore). In the 19th century the Gailtal was involved in the Tyrolean struggles of freedom and was depredated. From 1852 the districts in Tyrol were organized as municipalities and each village had its major, which was elected democratically. During the World War 1 Obertilliach was threatened by the Italian from the southern mountains- but the village was defended successfully by the local inhabitants till the official troops reached the area. As part of the local strong traditions every year in June Obertilliach remembers and celebrates with the so-called “Grossen Herz Jesu Freitag” this successful defense. Chronicle of catastrophes Chronicles tell that the area was hit several times by catastrophes. Only after building works of retaining and protecting walls the danger of mudflows for the Obertilliach and the part of Rodarm was averted. In 1799 the parts Huben and Bergen almost burned down. In 1928 the farm building of Unterwöger was burning. In the Winter of 1950/51 Obertilliach had 13 meters of snow- for some weeks the village was cut off the outside world. In 1965/66 the Gräber River threatened close by house and 80 people had to be evacuated.

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Economic History For centuries the most important parts in agriculture were the timber and forestry industry. Today the agriculture is limited to stock farming and cultivation of fields. Far away roads today reach farms in order to stop that people move away. Many alpine pastures were not cultivated for a long time or underwent the process of afforestation. With EU fundings this trend was stopped successfully – the maintenance of the alpine pastures is a step towards the preservation of the cultural landscape. The growing of timber industry and tourism in the last years provoked and increased building activity. Touristic History Tourism plays a central role in Obertilliach. The first foreign guests were scientists and alpinists in the early 19th century. The opening of the railways through the Pustertal in 1871 brought the firsts real tourist to the mountains of Obertilliach. From 1950 onwards the tourism was growing measurably- by then the summer- tourism was more important than the one during the winter. Today because of the predictable amounts of snow the winter tourism has gained a bigger importance. The village tries to maintain its original character with its mainly intact nature. The best possible use of the natural resources will play an important role in the further development. Today Obertilliach has a Nordic centre (cross country skiing and biathlon, www.biathlon-obertilliach.com ) , the ski resort Golzentipp is open for skiing during winter and hiking during the summer (www.obertilliacher-bergbahnen.com). Hiking and mountain biking are other activities offered to tourists. Culture, art and conservation The live in Obertilliach still today is marked by the maintenance of traditions which play an important role also in everyday’s life: f. i. people promised to pray a rosary every Sunday at 4 a.m. during winter times to beg for protection against catastrophes, this tradition is maintained till today. The main church was finished in 1452 and is gothic. Today’s church was constructed in the years between 1762 and 1764- this baroque church originally was a church of pilgrimage. Below the village you can find the gothic chapel of Hl Nikolaus with frescos by Simon von Taisten- the actual appearances goes back to 1625. The chapel of St. Helena is the oldest sanctuary of the whole Gailtal, in the early 19th century the chapel was about to fall into disrepair, was then reconstructed in 1854 and since 1903 the chapel is known as Lourdes chapel. Other chapels can be found in Leiten, Rodarm, Rals and Flatsch. Sine 1980 a part of the main village is declared as protected/listed area in order to guarantee the maintenance of its original character. Parts of the municipality: “Dorf” – Village It is the central part of the village and lies at the east side of the river Rodarm

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The village (das Dorf) has the typical appearance of a “Haufendorf” which is maintained till today. The oversized church at the east side is important for the appearance of the village. Leiten Leiten lies on the east side of the Karnian Saddle (Tannwiese) in the beginning of the Lesachtal on the sunny side of the mountains, on the right side of the river Gail Rodarm Rodarm is positioned on the Westside of the alluvial cone of the Rodarm River, approx. 500m away from the main part of Obertilliach. The church of the Holy Trinity marks its traditionally grown centrer, which almost shows no sprawl. Bergen Bergen is subdivided into the parts Bachhäusl, Rals, Goll, Huben and Flatsch. Bachhäusl lies along the small alluvial cone of the Gärber River. Rals can be seen as a small “Haufendorf” by its own. Some new constructions have not changed dramatically the original appaearance. Buildings for living and farming define Goll, Huben and Flatsch.

Toblach theses 1985 This yearly convention was first established in 1985. Since then every year another topic is discussed and every year key thesis are worked out. The topic in 1985 was: Für einen anderen Tourismus am Beispiel des Bergtourismus/For another tourism on the example of alpine tourism Those thesis still have a validity . Ökoinstitut Südtirol/Alto Adige Talfergasse/Via Talvera 2 39100 Bolzano Bozen Tel +39 0471 980048 Fax +39 0471 971906 [email protected]

Theses For another tourism using the example of mountain/alpine tourism. The alpine area is a very vulnerable system. There are strong interactions between its economic, its social structure, culture and natural environment.

We want to stand up for a tourism that considers this strong connections and networks, a long-term tourism that creates maximum benefit for all parties involved: local residents, tourism businesses and guests, while avoiding unacceptable environmental disadvantages. In our days this task is not insurmountable.

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Thesis 1 The current environmental, economic and social crises gives rise to a change in thinking and opens the opportunity for new perspectives.

Thesis 2 To ensure the long-term preservation of the mountain area as living, working and recreation, tourism can contribute significantly. However, there is the danger that this goal is not reached by tourism, then namely, when the tourist's own foundations - the landscape and cultural identity - are destroyed.

Thesis 3 It is now to set limits and boundaries and to accept those. There can be omissions, commandments, prohibitions, incentives, particularly on the formation of a new consciousness occurred. It has to be seen where tourism has to be excluded at all.

Thesis 4 Any touristic development should be consistent on the natural and cultural identity of the arranged region. The tourist should adapt to these characteristics and not vice versa. The tourist offer is an unmistakable local profile obtained that the touristic promotion should bring to the corresponding expression. Away from the egalitarian unit range, with courage to more differentiation!

Thesis 5 Behind every touristic development are diverse interests. They have to be listed to a priority of their goals: In any case, the interests of the local people should be set before the interests of foreigners. Here the claims of the cultural landscape sustaining agriculture are of particular importance.

Thesis 6 Touristic projects have to be part of an overall concept that from the beginning has to be developed with the involvement of all stakeholders. This involvement has to be promoted by an appropriate promote action.

Thesis 7 All foreseeable socio-economic conditions do not expect a further expansion of tourism demand under the existing pattern. From these reasons, a further quantitative expansion of tourist capacity is fraught with economic risk. The development speed has to be reduced.

Thesis 8 Ecology is the long-term economics. This is the maxim for future with a future, especially in tourism.

Thesis 9 Tourism has to access to the sensual experience and to create beauty. The corresponding values are to maintain awareness and to cultivate it. Efforts are needed to beautify the built environment.

Thesis 10 Future tourism policies must be a new cooperation between city and country, of visitors and visited, that lead to the principles of equitable distribution based on costs and benefits. The danger of

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political and economic foreign regulation has steadily to be opposed.

Thesis 11 Tourism for many people is the time of the greatest freedom. Therein is the opportunity to self- determination, mutual understanding and solidarity with nature, and to practice to try out different life styles. Tourism as inspiration for a better life! Tourism is made for man and not the man for tourism.

Josef Schett www.nationalgeographic.de/wissen/tourismus-schett-ist-trumpf

Line network of Innsbruck http://www.ivb.at/fileadmin/download/fahrplan/mein- fahrplan/liniennetzplan/ivb_liniennetzplan_2012_topografisch.pdf

Tips for trips and sightseeing Seegrube, Berg Isel Schanze, Patscherkofel Haller Altstadt, Seefeld/Leutasch,, Kitzbühel Wien, Salzburg, Graz Brenner, Bozen, München

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Tutors

Arch. Di Ulla Hell p l a s m a studio london/ beijing/ bolzano [email protected] mailto:[email protected] http://www.plasmastudio.com Lanerweg/via Laner 18 39030 Sexten/Sesto (BZ) Italy t +39 0474 710435 f +39 0474 710163 m +39 349 5458410

Arch. DI Reinhard Honold 6020 innsbruck fürstenweg 142 mail: [email protected] www.reinhardthonold.com m +436643423337

Univ.-Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Maria Schneider director of studies of the faculty institute of urban and regional planning department of architecture . university of innsbruck a . 6020 innsbruck . technikerstrasse 13 [email protected] www.staedtebau.at t +43 512 507 6964 f +43 512 507 2954 m +43 676 872569640