Apolloscholen Apollo Schools

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Apolloscholen Apollo Schools APOLLOSCHOLEN APOLLO SCHOOLS 12 Willem Witsenstraat 12-14, Amsterdam 1980-1983 Herman Hertzberger (°1932) De Willemspark- en Montessorischool The Willemspark School and the liggen naast elkaar aan een pleintje. Beide Montessori School are situated in a gebouwen zijn vrijwel identiek en zien er tiny square. Both buildings are almost aan de buitenkant uit als villa’s, waardoor identical. From the outside, they look ze opgaan in de rest van de bebouwing like villas, blending in seamlessly with langs de Apollolaan. Een vierkante the other buildings along Apollolaan. plattegrond telt telkens vier klaslokalen The square floor plan consists of four rond een centrale hal. Verdiepingen liggen classrooms that are arranged around a split-level, dat wil zeggen geschakeerd central hall, with split-level floors above boven elkaar – die opzet past Herman them. The architect and urban planner Hertzberger vaker toe. Als architect en Herman Hertzberger often used this stedenbouwer was hij een uitgesproken design concept. He strongly believed in voorstander van het utopische principe the utopian principle that good design dat goede vormgeving een heilzame, can sometimes have a wholesome, soms beschavende werking kan uitoefenen civilising effect on the mindset and op de houding en vorming van een education of the individual user. Buildings individuele gebruiker. Een gebouw moet must connect people, must bring them helpen om mensen samen te brengen en together. He achieved this objective met elkaar te verbinen. Die ideeën kregen in his design for the Apollo schools, by in het ontwerp van de Apolloscholen adding a spacious stairwell. The large uitwerking in een ruime trappenhal. staircase is used as an auditorium for De grote trap fungeert als auditorium performances, but also as a place where en wordt niet alleen voor voorstellingen children can work individually or in gebruikt, maar ook als een plek waar groups. In a sense, this is Hertzberger’s kinderen individueel of in groepen kunnen contemporary version of the agora werken. Het is Hertzbergers eigentijdse of Greek antiquity as a place for the vertaling van de agora uit de Griekse common life. oudheid als de plaats waar zich het gemeenschappelijke leven afspeelt. 32 SANATORIUM ZONNESTRAAL 22 Loosdrechtse Bos 17, Hilversum 1926-1928 Jan Duiker (1890-1935) De korte loopbaan van Jan Duiker bracht During his short career, Jan Duiker een aantal markante gebouwen voort, designed a number of eye-catching die we tegenwoordig tot de canon van buildings, which have since become het Nieuwe Bouwen rekenen. Sanatorium icons of New Objectivity architecture Zonnestraal, een van meesterwerken die (‘Nieuwe Bouwen’). The Zonnestraal Duiker samen met Bernard Bijvoet en Jan Sanatorium, one of the masterpieces that Gerko Wiebenga ontwierp, ontsnapte Duiker designed in collaboration with in de jaren negentig ternauwernood Bernard Bijvoet and Jan Gerko Wiebenga, aan de sloophamer. Na zorgvuldige narrowly escaped demolition in the restauratie staat het tegenwoordig op Nineties. After a thorough restoration, de Unesco-werelderfgoedlijst. Het it was added to the Unesco World sanatorium voor tuberculosepatiënten Heritage List. The sanatorium for was een schoolvoorbeeld van het streven tuberculosis patients was a perfect naar ‘licht, lucht en groen’, dat centraal example of the ‘light, air and green space’ stond bij een jonge generatie architecten, an entire generation of young architects, die zich in juni 1928 verenigden in het which joined forces in June 1928 in the internationale architectencongres CIAM. CIAM international architects’ congress, Voor Nederland ondertekenden Gerrit sought to achieve. Gerrit Rietveld, Rietveld, H.P. Berlage en Mart Stam de H.P. Berlage and Mart Stam signed the oprichtingsverklaring. Omdat Jan Duiker declaration of intent on behalf of the in diezelfde periode druk bezig was met Netherlands. During that same period, de oplevering van Zonnestraal, zou hij Jan Duiker was working on completing zich pas twee jaar later aansluiten. Zijn Zonnestraal, which is why he only signed faam was hem intussen vooruitgesneld: the act of association two years later, Zonnestraal werd al tijdens de bouw by which time he was already famous. bezocht door de Finse bouwmeester The Finnish architect Alvar Aalto visited Alvar Aalto die de V-vormige plattegrond the Zonnestraal construction site, overnam in zijn beroemde Paimio subsequently using the V-shaped floor Sanatorium. plan in his famous Paimio Sanatorium. 52 KUBUSWONINGEN CUBE HOUSES 54 Overblaak, Rotterdam 1982-1984 Piet Blom (1934-1999) Piet Blom was, samen met onder andere Together with Aldo van Eyck (see p. 26) Aldo van Eyck (zie p. 26) en Herman and Herman Hertzberger (see p. 32 & 166), Hertzberger (zie p. 32 & 166), een voorman Piet Blom is one of the leading architects van het structu-ralisme in Nederland. In of structuralism in the Netherlands. A key hun projecten wilden deze architecten principle in their ideas and projects was ‘de menselijke maat’ centraal stellen: ze ‘the human dimension’: was they wanted streefden ernaar grootschalige nieuwbouw- to subdivide large-scale new-build projects projecten op te delen in kleinschalige into smaller units, which people could still units, die voor mensen herkenbaar zouden recognise. The famous Cube Houses are blijven. De fameuze Kubuswoningen zijn a perfect example of that principle. They een mooi voorbeeld van dat principe. were originally built in Helmond in 1974 Ze werden voor het eerst gebouwd als as an experiment. Blom was inspired for een experiment in Helmond, in 1974. De his ensemble of tilted houses on pylons by inspiratie voor het concept van gekantelde Le Corbusier. He positioned the houses kubussen op een paal vond Piet Blom on pylons to create space under them bij Le Corbusier. Door de woningen for shops and other amenities, which op kolommen te plaatsen, ontstond promoted social cohesion. The entrance eronder ruimte voor winkels en andere and stairwell are situated in the hexagonal gemeenschappelijke voorzieningen, die columns. Some of the 36 cube houses and voor meer sociale cohesie zorgden. In de 13 commercial spaces in Rotterdam were zeshoekige kolommen werden telkens de built directly over a busy motorway. Piet toegang en het trappenhuis ondergebracht. Blom’s vision was that this project would In De Blaak werden, deels over een auto- become ‘het Blaakse Bos’ (Blaak Forest), weg, 36 kubus-woningen gebouwd en 13 with each house resembling a tree in a bedrijfsruimten. Volgens de visie van Piet larger forest. Blom zou dit project bekend staan als het Blaakse Bos; iedere woning stond als een boom in het grotere geheel van het bos. 116 EVOLUON 67 Noord Brabantlaan 1A, Eindhoven 1962-1966 Louis C. Kalff (1897-1976) & Leo de Bever (1930-2015) Als een UFO lijkt het Evoluon neergedaald Evoluon resembles a UFO that has op een keurig Eindhovens grasperk. Deze just landed on a well-tended lawn architectonische uitwerking van Philips’ in Eindhoven. This architectural slogan ‘Triomf der Techniek’ behuisde de manifestation of Philips’s slogan, ‘the tentoonstelling ‘Mens en Vooruitgang’, triumph of technology’, was home to die demonstreerde dat het leven door an exhibition on human progress, which mechanisering en automatisering alleen aimed to demonstrate that life would maar beter en interessanter zou worden. only become better and more interesting Voor Louis Kalff, opgeleid als bouwkundig thanks to mechanisation and automation. ingenieur, volgde dit droomproject op This project was the culmination of the een carrière van bijna veertig jaar als vaste career of the engineer Louis Kalff, who reclame-, product- en lichtontwerper voor trained as a civil engineer, and who Philips. Na zijn pensionering in 1960 werkte worked for Philips for almost forty years hij met architect Leo de Bever deze ultieme as an advertising, product and lighting opdracht uit. Als productontwerper schatte designer. After his retirement in 1960, he Kalff de kracht van een stevige beeldspraak conceived this building with the architect naar waarde. De tentoonstellingsruimte Leo de Bever. As a product designer, Kalff met een vloeroppervlak van 4700 vierkante understood the value of good symbolism. meter is ondergebracht in twee kolossale The 4700 sq.m. exhibition space is schalen met een diameter van 77 meter, die situated in two colossal semi-circular steunen op twaalf V-vormige kolommen. volumes, with a diameter of 77 metres, Die buitenvorm was weliswaar ongekend in which rest on twelve V-shaped columns. de Nederlandse architectuurgeschiedenis, Although this was a pioneering design in maar vertoont wel treffende gelijkenis met Dutch architecture history, the shape bore een serie tafellampen die Kalff in de jaren a striking resemblance to a series of table vijftig had ontworpen. lamps that Kalff designed in the Fifties. 142 CENTRAAL BEHEER KANTOOR- GEBOUW / OFFICE BUILDING 79 Prins Willem-Alexanderlaan 651, Apeldoorn 1968-1971 Herman Hertzberger (°1932) Het kantoor van verzekeraar Centraal The office building of the Centraal Beheer Beheer in Apeldoorn was een architecto- insurance company in Apeldoorn was the nische uiting van de democratiseringsgolf architectural manifestation of the wave van de late jaren zestig. Herman Hertz- of democratisation of the late Sixties. berger wilde een einde maken aan de The architect Herman Hertzberger had eenvormigheid van eindeloze rijen had enough of the endless and uniform werk- en vergaderruimten langs grijze sequences of meeting rooms and offices anonieme gangen. Werken zou veel along grey
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