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Ankara-Seminar-Report-2003.Pdf Published in 2004 by the Center for Strategic Research (SAM) © 2004 Center for Strategic Research Printed by Okay Reklamc›l›k ve Tan›t›m Hizmetleri Ltd. fiti. Zarif Sok. 7/15 Dikmen ANKARA – TURKEY Tel: +90 312 481 45 10 Copyright of this Report belongs to the Center for Strategic Research. Written permission to reprint or republish in any form must be sought from the Center. To order this Report, please write to: Center for Strategic Research K›rçiçe i Sokak 8/3, G.O.P. – 06700 Ankara, Turkey Phone: 90. 312. 446 04 35 Fax: 90. 312. 445 05 84 e-mail: [email protected] THE CHALLENGES OF CHANGE: THE NATURE OF PEACE OPERATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY AND CONTINUING NEED FOR REFORM International Ankara Seminar of the Project on Challenges of Peace Operations: Into the 21st Century 18-20 November 2003 Edited and compiled by ‹HSAN YÜCEL and DEREK BOOTHBY Center for Strategic Research Ankara, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword................................................................................................................................ VII Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................IX OPENING SESSION Message by H.E. Ahmet Necdet Sezer ................................................................................... 3 Message by H.E. Recep Tayyip Erdo an................................................................................ 5 Speech by Guest of Honour H.E. Abdullah Gül..................................................................... 7 Welcoming Statement............................................................................................................. 11 Ambassador Murat Bilhan Challenges Project Presentation I ......................................................................................... 13 Ambassador Michael Sahlin Challenges Project Presentation II ........................................................................................ 15 Annika Hilding Norberg Challenges of Change: The Nature of Peace Operations in the 21st Century and Continuing Need For Reform ..........................................................19 Jacques Paul Klein A First in NATO: Peace Operations in Afghanistan ............................................................ 25 Major General Hilmi Ak›n Zorlu PANEL I: DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES An International Policy Approach ......................................................................................... 31 Dr. Andrea Bartoli The Public Security Challenge and International Stability Police Units ............................. 35 Dr. Michael Dziedzic Challenges of Change: How Can the Military Contribute to a “Culture of Protection” in Peace Operations?........................................................................41 Mark Malan Legal and Disciplinary Perspectives...................................................................................... 57 Professor Ove Bring A Perspective of Coordination Between the UN and Regional Organizations in Peace Operations ........................................................................ 61 Professor Du Nongyi The Humanitarian Dimension in Civil Affairs: Jordan’s Experience in an International Context..................................................................................................... 67 Major General Mohammed Al-Allaf I Characteristics and Principles of Peace Intervention: The Somalia Experience......................................................................................................... 71 General (R) Çevik Bir PANEL II: CASE STUDIES WITH PROJECTIONS INTO THE 21ST CENTURY The Balkan Experience in the Development and Implementation of Comprehensive Strategies for Multidimensional Peace Operations: A Brief Analysis on The Bosnia and Kosovo Cases........................................ 81 Mehmet Kemal Bozay The NATO Operation in Macedonia..................................................................................... 89 Brigadier General Harm de Jonge Management of Africa Crises in a Changing World: The Nigeria Perspective ......................................................................................................... 97 Lieutenant General Martin Agwai Review of the Situation in Liberia ...................................................................................... 117 Jacques Paul Klein UN Operation in Democratic Republic of Congo............................................................... 123 Ambassador Can Altan Ethiopia and Eritrea: The Challenge of Reconciliation and Peace Building............................................................................................................... 131 Abdul Mohammed Lessons Learned From Afghanistan. ................................................................................... 139 Major General Hilmi Ak›n Zorlu The Ingredients of Success in Afghanistan......................................................................... 143 Arthur E. Dewey Winning the Peace in Iraq: Planning and Initial Accomplishments of ORHA and CPA .............................................................................................................. 149 Colonel George Oliver Military Advice to UN Security Council ............................................................................ 171 Lieutenant General Nikolay Uvarov PANEL III : IMPLICATIONS FOR PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE OPERATIONS The Challenge of Enhancing Local Participation in Peace Operations ............................. 177 Stephanie A. Blair Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution in Africa.............................................. 187 Ambassador Ki Doulaye Corentin NATO and Peace Operations............................................................................................... 203 Ambassador Adam Kobieracki II The European Union Perspective......................................................................................... 207 Hans-Bernhard Weisserth OSCE’s Contribution for Peace Operations ........................................................................ 211 Ambassador Lamberto Zannier Turkish National Police Department Resources: A Police Perspective ............................. 215 Alaettin Cangöz Education and Training in Peacekeeping Operations: International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centres (IAPTC). ........................................................................... 223 David Lightburn CONCLUSION Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................ 229 Professor Ersin Onulduran Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................ 231 Ambassador Michael Sahlin Conclusion: The Ankara Seminar and Beyond................................................................... 233 Professor Ali L. Karaosmano lu RAPPORTEUR REPORTS Rapporteur’s Report I: Disciplinary Perspectives.............................................................. 243 Derek Boothby Rapporteur’s Report II: Case Studies with Projections into the 21st Century.......................................................................................... 251 Alaciel Campos Dugone Rapporteur’s Report III: Implications for Preparations for Peace Operations....................................................................................... 261 Dr. Ali Tekin III IV FOREWORD The challenges of peace operations facing the international community are comprehensive and significant, and continue to evolve. The launch in 2002 of the report by the Panel on UN Peace Operations, the so called Brahimi Report, provided an invaluable catalyst for reform of the way in which UN peace operations are being conducted. It was an important vehicle for change, in the United Nations system, and specifically, in the UN Secretariat. Implementation activities of various kinds have been carried out. However, much work still remains to be done, by the UN, but also and primarily by the Member States. Bearing in mind the ongoing need for reform, and as part of the project “Challenges of Peace Operations: Into the 21 st Century”, the so called “Challenges Project”, the Center for Strategic Research of Turkey in cooperation with the University of Bilkent, the Turkish National Police, and the Swedish Folke Bernadotte Academy co-hosted an international Challenges Seminar in Ankara in November 2003. The continually changing nature of UN-mandated peace operations has been illustrated in a variety of conflict areas over the last few years. Acknowledging that each conflict requires a tailor-made response, best practices can nevertheless be identified; both in operations that have rendered wide appraise, and have yet to achieve major results. Useful lessons have been identified and learned from experiences of mission failures. The Ankara Seminar covered a broad range of issues and perspectives; policy, academic, diplomatic, military, police, humanitarian and legal, as well as mission case studies; Bosnia- Herzegovina, Macedonia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia- Eritrea, Afghanistan and Iraq. Representatives of the UN, AU, NATO, EU, OSCE, and the IAPTC shared their perspectives on the topics. The international experts and seminar participants shed important light on many of the major challenges facing the international community today. The findings generated in Ankara, in addition to their presentation in this Ankara
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