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Europe's Role in Nation-Building THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. 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RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. EUROPE’S ROLE IN NATION-BUILDING FROM THE BALKANS TO THE CONGO James Dobbins, Seth G. Jones, Keith Crane, Christopher S. Chivvis, Andrew Radin, F. Stephen Larrabee, Nora Bensahel, Brooke K. Stearns, Benjamin W. Goldsmith C O R P O R A T I O N The research described in this report results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing program of self-initiated research, which is made possible, in part, by the generous support of donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. The research was conducted within the RAND National Security Research Division. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Europe’s role in nation-building : from the Balkans to the Congo / James Dobbins ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8330-4138-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Nation-building. 2. Nation-building—Case studies. 3. Europe—Foreign relations—1989– I. Dobbins, James, 1942– JZ6300E97 2008 327.1—dc22 2008016898 Left cover photo: European Union police officer Maria Donk from the Netherlands carries an EU flag during a ceremony in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo, on January 1, 2003 (AP Photo/Hidajet Delic). Right cover photo: French Private Delalande Matthieu says goodbye to villagers as French troops leave Sheri Base in Bunia, August 30, 2003 (AP Photo/Sayyid Azim). The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2008 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2008 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This monograph results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing pro- gram of self-initiated independent research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and develop- ment centers. This research was conducted within the RAND National Secu- rity Research Division (NSRD) of the RAND Corporation. NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. Intelligence Community, allied foreign governments, and foundations. For more information on the RAND National Security Research Division, contact the Director of Operations, Nurith Berstein. She can be reached by email at Nurith_ [email protected]; by phone at 703-413-1100, extension 5469; or by mail at RAND, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington VA 22202-5050. More information about the RAND Corporation is available at www. rand.org. iii Contents Preface ............................................................................. iii Figures ............................................................................. xi Tables .............................................................................xiii Summary ..........................................................................xv Acknowledgments .......................................................... xxxvii Abbreviations ................................................................. xxxix CHAPTER ONE Introduction ....................................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO Albania .............................................................................. 7 Challenges .......................................................................... 8 Security ............................................................................ 8 Humanitarian ...................................................................10 Civil Administration ...........................................................10 Democratization ................................................................10 Economic Reconstruction .....................................................11 The European and International Roles .........................................11 Military and Police .............................................................14 Civil and Economic.............................................................15 What Happened ...................................................................16 Security ...........................................................................16 Humanitarian ...................................................................19 Civil Administration ...........................................................19 Democratization ................................................................19 v vi Europe’s Role in Nation-Building: From the Balkans to the Congo Economic Reconstruction .....................................................21 Lessons Learned .................................................................. 22 CHAPTER THREE Sierra Leone .......................................................................25 Challenges ........................................................................ 26 Security .......................................................................... 28 Humanitarian .................................................................. 30 Civil Administration .......................................................... 30 Democratization ................................................................31 Economic Reconstruction .....................................................31 The European and International Roles .........................................32 Military and Police ............................................................ 34 Civil and Economic.............................................................35 What Happened ...................................................................35 Security .......................................................................... 36 Humanitarian .................................................................. 40 Civil Administration .......................................................... 40 Democratization ............................................................... 42 Economic Reconstruction .................................................... 44 Lessons Learned ...................................................................45 CHAPTER FOUR Macedonia .........................................................................49 Challenges .........................................................................52 Security ...........................................................................52 Humanitarian .................................................................. 54 Civil Administration ...........................................................55 Democratization ................................................................55 Economic ....................................................................... 56 The European and International Roles .........................................57 Military and Police .............................................................58 Civil and Economic...........................................................
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