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Instituto De Estudos Superiores Militares Curso De Promoção a Oficial General

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Instituto De Estudos Superiores Militares Curso De Promoção a Oficial General INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS SUPERIORES MILITARES CURSO DE PROMOÇÃO A OFICIAL GENERAL 2006-2007 TRABALHO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO INDIVIDUAL DOCUMENTO DE TRABALHO O TEXTO CORRESPONDE A TRABALHO FEITO DURANTE A FREQUÊNCIA DO CURSO NO IESM SENDO DA RESPONSABILIDADE DO SEU AUTOR, NÃO CONSTITUINDO ASSIM DOUTRINA OFICIAL DA FORÇA AÉREA PORTUGUESA. O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉCULO XXI VALÉRIO FRAGOSO COR PILAV INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS SUPERIORES MILITARES O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉCULO XXI Vítor Fernando Anacleto Valério Fragoso Cor Pilav Trabalho de Investigação Individual do CPOG 2006/2007 Lisboa – 2007 O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS SUPERIORES MILITARES O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉCULO XXI COR PILAV VALÉRIO FRAGOSO Trabalho de Investigação Individual do CPOG Orientador: COR ENGAED HÉLDER DE BRITO Lisboa – 2007 COR PILAV Vítor Fragoso IESM – CPOG 2006/07 i O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI ÍNDICE Resumo ............................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract........................................................................................................................................................... iv Palavras chave ................................................................................................................................................. v Lista de abreviaturas e acrónimos ............................................................................................................... vi 1. INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. O PODER AÉREO COMO INSTRUMENTO DO PODER NACIONAL............................................. 4 2.1 Poder Nacional............................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Evolução do Poder Aéreo ........................................................................................... 5 2.3 Os Conceitos Gerais do Poder Aéreo ......................................................................... 6 2.4 Características Básicas do Poder Aéreo...................................................................... 7 2.4.1 Flexibilidade........................................................................................................ 7 2.4.2 Mobilidade .......................................................................................................... 8 2.4.3 Poder de Destruição, Penetração e Presença....................................................... 8 2.5 A Forma de Emprego do Poder Aéreo........................................................................ 9 3. OS NOVOS DESAFIOS DA CONFLITUALIDADE............................................................................. 10 3.1 Globalização ............................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Novos Actores e novos Teatros de Operações.......................................................... 12 3.3 Assimetria – Qual o Significado? ............................................................................. 13 3.4 Quadro de Intervenção das Forças Armadas ............................................................ 14 3.5 Conceitos Essenciais da Mudança ............................................................................ 15 3.5.1 Inovação Militar................................................................................................ 15 3.5.2 RAM.................................................................................................................. 16 3.5.3 Transformação .................................................................................................. 17 3.6 Transformação, Porquê? ........................................................................................... 18 4. O EMPREGO DO PODER AÉREO – VISÃO DO FUTURO.............................................................. 18 4.1 Evolução Tecnológica versus Inovação Militar........................................................ 19 4.2 Desafios de Longo Termo......................................................................................... 19 4.3 O Poder Aéreo nas Operações Modernas ................................................................. 21 4.4 A Caminho de uma Força Expedicionária Aeroespacial (FEA)............................... 22 4.5 As Vantagens da Dimensão Vertical no Futuro........................................................ 24 4.6 Quadro de Missões de Emprego do Poder Aéreo, no Séc. XXI ............................... 25 4.7 Estruturas de Comando Conjuntas............................................................................ 26 4.8 Uma Estratégia, Dois Conceitos de Emprego........................................................... 27 4.9 Transformações em Curso ........................................................................................ 29 5. IMPACTO DA MUDANÇA NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS PORTUGUESAS....................................... 31 5.1 Situação Geopolítica de Portugal.............................................................................. 31 5.2 Uma Reflexão sobre o Conceito Estratégico de Defesa Nacional (CEDN) ............. 32 5.3 Os Desafios dos Países com Capacidades de Investimento Limitadas na Defesa.... 33 5.4 Planeamento de Defesa – Um Novo Pensamento..................................................... 34 5.5 A Dimensão da Transformação ................................................................................ 35 5.6 Força Aérea Portuguesa do Séc. XXI ....................................................................... 36 6. CONCLUSÕES ......................................................................................................................................... 38 BIBLIOGRAFIA........................................................................................................................................... 41 LISTA DE APÊNDICES E ANEXOS Apêndice A – Corpo de Conceitos Apd A-1 Apêndice B – Ilustrações Apd B-1 Anexo A – Declaração de Praga – Conselho do Atlântico Norte Anx A-1 Anexo B – Declaração de Riga – Conselho do Atlântico Norte Anx B-1 Anexo C – Lei de Segurança Interna Anx C-1 COR PILAV Vítor Fragoso IESM – CPOG 2006/07 ii O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI Resumo O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉCULO XXI por Cor Pilav Vítor Fragoso Num mundo em acelerada mudança em que o espectro de conflito mudou e a natureza da guerra também, o poder militar em geral e o aéreo em específico, enfrenta novos desafios bem como a necessidade de reajustar a sua doutrina. O aparecimento de um novo tipo de inimigo, actuando segundo uma lógica global, cujos alvos são indiscriminados, “quer civis quer militares”, colocando aos Estados desafios de natureza estratégica para os combater. Este facto originou um processo de Transformação, de forma a despontar um novo pensamento estratégico para fazer face às ameaças emergentes do séc. XXI. A necessidade de um poder aéreo expedicionário com elevada capacidade de mobilidade e flexibilidade, apto a cumprir um largo espectro de missões desde a segurança e defesa nacional, passando pela actuação em conflitos irregulares e terminando em missões de Interesse Público, surge assim como um imperativo para as Forças Aéreas. O principal desafio é o de manter uma capacidade de adaptação às rápidas mudanças do ambiente de segurança e defesa transnacional. A Força Aérea Portuguesa não constitui excepção e, à imagem do que já vinha fazendo, elege a Transformação como um desígnio intrínseco à Instituição. COR PILAV Vítor Fragoso IESM – CPOG 2006/07 iii O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI Abstract AIR POWER AND XXI CENTURY ARMED FORCES The nature of war and the conflict spectrum are different in nowadays ever-changing world thus military power in general and air power specifically face new challenges and need to readjust their doctrine. A new enemy acting in a global way as evolved taking out either civilian or military targets in an indiscriminate way, which poses new strategic challenges to the Nations in order to fight this enemy. For this reason a transformation process has started trying to meet the emergent new challenges of XXI century that brought to life a new strategic thinking. The Air Forces of today and tomorrow, in order to adapt to this new environment, urge an expeditionary air power highly flexible and mobile able to accomplish a wide range of missions going from National security and defence, performing in irregular conflicts to public interest missions. The most significant challenge consists in achieving and keeping capacities able to cope with the constant and rapid ever-changing security and trans-national defence environment. The Portuguese Air Force is no exception thus continuing its already initiated changing process, has elected Transformation as an intrinsic objective of the Institution. COR PILAV Vítor Fragoso IESM – CPOG 2006/07 iv O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI Palavras chave Expedicionário Flexibilidade Força Aérea séc. XXI Inovação Militar Poder Aéreo Mobilidade Revolução dos Assuntos Militares Transformação COR PILAV Vítor Fragoso IESM – CPOG 2006/07 v O PODER AÉREO E AS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO SÉC. XXI Lista de abreviaturas e acrónimos BRAC Base Closure and Realignement CEDN Conceito Estratégico de Defesa Nacional CEMFA Chefe
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