Stuttgarter Wappenbuch Introduction and edition by Steen Clemmensen from Ms. J 1 Bd.289 Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart CONTENTS: Introduction 2 Manuscript 2 Editorial approach 3 Date, content and relations 4 Summary 8 Examples of the drawing styles 9 References 10 Stuttgarter Wappenbuch 16 Ordinary of arms 83 Name index 90 © Steen Clemmensen, Farum, Danmark, 2010, www.armorial.dk Introduction During the years 1925-1928 the armorists Erich Fhr. von Berchem, David L. Galbreath and Otto Hupp reviewed and dated 80 german armorials, which they revised in 1939 for the Band D of the 'Neue Siebmacher', usually abbreviated BGH. Of these about a dozen have their origin in workshops in the Bodensee area of Southern Germany (Clemmensen GRU 4-5). They are not copies of each other, but can be described as a group for two reasons: firstly they have a number of 'marker items' in common, and secondly, several appear to have used common wooden blocs for prestamping the outlines of the arms (Waldstein ING 4-7). They also have a large number of common arms, which come as no surprise as they are primarily concerned with the nobility of Southern Germany. The members of this group were painted over a comparatively long period, probably from about 1430 to 1500. The manuscript The present manuscript was discovered c.1880 by Otto von Alberti, and first described by Bach (1900), then by Berchem & al. (BGH #27), and later by Klein (1980). It was held as HStA E61 Bü 312a during 1906-1937. It is now held as: Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, Ms. J 1 Bd.289. The 530 items (incl. damaged, excl. blanks) are painted on paper, on 26 leaves with modern pagination pp.1-52, odd numbers recto, even numbers verso. The original size was 290 x 210 mm, present size 40 x 30 cm. The decayed pages were restored in the late 20th century and imbedded in Passepartout paper, covered by Japan paper, and given a new binding. The order of the leaves was changed on restoration. Several items, and probably also whole pages, are missing, mostly by decomposition. Some colours have faded, e.g. vert and gules into yellowish tenne, and or into argent. Four watermarks are found: (1) a crown, dated 1439-1442 (Piccard I:312) on pp. 3, 5, 15, 17, 19, and 23; (2) an ox's head, dated 1445-1449 (like Piccard V:12, different size), on p.27; (3) a bugle horn, dated 1445-1449 (Piccard / HStA), on p.33; and (4) an ox's head (like Piccard VI:887, different size) on p.51. Though bound as one, the Stuttgarter Wappenbuch (STU) is probably made up of two different manuscripts, which can be divided into 11 segments according to contents and style: Ms.1, pp. 3-24 and pp. 41-46, is distinguished by having tilting helmets with crests (Stechhelme), 4x3 prestamped items on most pages, each shield 3.5 x 3.5 cm. Legends, placed between lines, written in hand A, a 15C bastarda. Segment 2, pp.3-4, items 3-26 (24), kings, saints, imaginary, 3 lords; large red 'k', 's', and 'h'. Segment 3, pp.5-24, items 27-266 (240), german nobles; large red 'h' on pp.5-10 and 21:1-3. Segment 5, pp.39-40, items 350-357 (8), swedes; pageant helmets, 2x2 items in courtoisie. Segment 6, pp.41-42, items 358-407 (50), mostly imaginary, no helmets, 5x5 items per page. Segment 7, pp.43-44, items 408-446 (39), german & european towns and dioceses; no helmets, 5x5 items per page, p.44 with several blank shields. Segment 8, p.45, items 447-471 (25), german nobles; no helmets, 5x5 items per page. Segment 9, p.46, items 472-496 (25), imperial principalities; no helmets, 5x5 items per page. 2 Ms.2, pp. 1-2, pp. 25-40 and pp.47-52, has legends written in hand B, a stiffer mid-15C bastarda, prestamped shields mostly 3.5 x 3.5 cm. It is made up of several subfragments: Segment 1, pp.1-2, items 1-2 (2), pope Eugenius IV with the date 1446, and pope Nicholaus V. Segment 4, pp.25-38, items 267-349 (83), german nobles; pageant helmets (Spangenhelme), 3x2 items per page, except p.26 with 2x2, which is probably a later handdrawn addition. Segment 10, pp.47-48, items 497-510 (14), major commercial towns in the Lower Rhine area; no helmets, 3x3 items per page; p.48 with 4 blank shields. Outside numeration, p.50, an allegorical drawing independent of the armorial, described by Klein, and faintly similar to one in Cambridge, Trinity Coll. Ms.943. Segment 11, pp.49, 51-52, items 511-530 (20), german princes; pageant helmets, 3x3 handdrawn items per page, only 2 items on p.51. The pages 47-52 may have been drawn and written by a third artisan. Evaluation of entries – editorial principles The identification of the owner of the coat-of-arms is kept to the bare minimum, giving – if possible – the family name and main seat or province of origin or living. The various branches are only mentioned if the references contain specific information, and some notes might be misleading as to the actual branch involved. References to seals and to other armorials are selective, for many items more examples are available in Clemmensen OM, in the references given, and / or in editions of the respective armorials. If judged trustworthy some references are secondary and not examined personally, usually due to lack of availability. Where it has been possible to identify a named individual, or propose a family member living at the time of collation, key details of his life are provided. The abbreviations used for marche d'armes and regions follow Raneke BHM as in Clemmensen OM. The reader ought to be aware that the territorial borders of the regions covered have changed substantially since the Middle Ages both as a consequence of wars and of modern administrative reforms. If possible the regionality of the family is given in modern terms, though at the time the now french Alsace / Elsass was part of (imperial) Germany and its rhenian parts closely integrated with the territory Schwaben – an ancient dukedom, but for centuries not a princedom. Schwaben is here used almost synonymously with modern Land Baden-Württemberg, though the south-western part of Bayern once belonged to Schwaben, and the northern part of Baden-Württemberg around Heidelberg once was part of the Kurfürstentum / electorate of Pfalz – and will be noted as palatine. Though ruled by the Swiss federation from the 14th century and noted as belonging to modern Schweiz / Switzerland, much of the territory was then regarded as swabian, alsatian or germano- austrian. So many families which later came into prominence in e.g. Austria, incl. the Habsburgs, will be noted as swiss. However, the context will guide the reader to the territorial closeness of several families irrespective of the territorial affiliation used. Similar conditions apply to the borderlands of modern Rheinland-Pfalz and Hessen, not to mention the small principalities like Brabant, Geldern / Guelders, Mark, Berg and the then 'independent' prince-bishoprics of Köln / Cologne etc., now in Nordrhein-Westphalen or Belgium. Neither should one forget that by the late Middle Ages many families had already moved away from the region of their Stammsitz. As can be gathered from the above the language and terminology of the territory covered will be used interchangeably with english terms. 3 For the individual items, the reader will find the coat-of-arms blazoned in dictionary form, with the colours and figures separated. The colour of the field is mentioned first, followed by the figures in order of size and importance. For chiefs the field presides over the chief, while others, e.g. per fess, are ranged from the top and dexter side. Included are descriptions of the crest, which is in the colours of the coat-of-arms, if not mentioned specifically. Figures not regarded as part of the crest (crest coronets, cushions, caps of maintenance, wreath) are noted after the crest, as is the type of helmet (if not common to the segment) and, if appropriate, comments on the artwork. The description of arms and crest used here is not intended to give the details necessary for recreating the armorial. It is based on my Ordinary of medieval armorials, and as such only intended to facilitate identification and present the key features of the arms and crests. Through the ages artists have varied their work by changing details and presentation of figures, having the shields vertical or inclined, and presenting the helmets and crests either in profile, en face or half- turned. Some differences can be peculiar to regions, e.g. in anglo-french regions some arms are usually blazoned as a chief , while in german-flemish regions they are mostly blazoned as per fess. For the details of figures omitted here, I refer the reader to the common practice of colouring crowns, beaks, claws as well as parts of roses, leaves and stems, usually discussed in textbooks and in Clemmensen OM. Roses and cinquefoils are generally interchangeable, the anglo-french preferring foils and the german-flemish the rose. Armorials are specified with 3-letter standardized sigla, as proposed in Clemmensen OM. Blazons significantly different from the item discussed are always marked with an asterisk (*), and has the tinctures and/or first name of its legend noted, if present (or relevant). The spelling of names will appear erratic, as it must be when drawn from many references, and as with the dates, they have largely been left as encountered.