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A Reconstruction of Proto-Northern Adelbert Phonology & Lexicon

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A Reconstruction of Proto-Northern Adelbert Phonology & Lexicon A RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-NORTHERN ADELBERT PHONOLOGY AND LEXICON A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS December 2020 Andrew Pick Dissertation Committee: Robert Blust, Chair Lyle Campbell Alex Golub Gary Holton Don Daniels 1 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the people in Madang who have supported this research, either by working with me on their languages, or by helping me with practical matters during my stays in Gildipasi. Thank you to Mathew Lawun, whose passion for his language led to the inception of this project. Thank you to Agustin, Veronica, Tobi, Judith, and the rest of the Talim family, for inviting me into your home and family. Thank you to Josepa Wak for the many hours you patiently spent answering my questions about Qkuan Kambuar. To Yat Paol, thank you for your help with arranging practicalities and for introducing me to the Gildipasi community. Thank you for everyone who took the time to share with me their knowledge of their languages. There are too many of you to name here, but I would like to give thanks in particular to John Paol, Guwat Pepetua, Philip Yabop, Regina Tamagara, Francis Balang, Joe Anuwai, Barbara Mek, Martin Marap, Josep Taran, John Sangabor, (for Waskia), the Kamuang family Lukas, Collins, Stanley, and Bangar, Orawin Ivura, Melchior Matti, and Ben Yavis (for Barem), Paul Lawoi, Andrew Ilom, Josep Yal, Otwin Langbank and his family, and John Bii (for Manep), James Kitter (for Yamben), Anton Ake (for Karian), and Gabriel Lamuk Sr., Gabriel Lamuk Jr., and Valentine Laut (for Gavak). Special thanks to Ernest Gidaget for all the funny stories. I would also like to thank Bob Blust and the other members of my doctoral committee: Don Daniels, Lyle Campbell, Gary Holton, and Alex Golub. Thank you also to all the other teachers at UH who have guided and encouraged me over the course of my academic career. Thank you to the Bilinski Educational Foundation, the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa department of linguistics, and the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme (Grant SG0529), who provided financial support for this research. 2 Abstract This dissertation concerns the Northern Adelbert languages, a group of 23 Papuan languages spoken in Madang province, Papua New Guinea. The dissertation has two main components, .synchronic descriptions of Northern Adelbert languages, and an investigation of the diachronic changes in these languages. The synchronic descriptions outline the basics of each languages' phonology and verb morphology, with a focus on several languages which were previously poorly documented: Barem (ISO 639-3: buq), Manep (mkr), Mokati (wnb), Karian (bql), and Gavak (dmc). The diachronic component of the dissertation presents a reconstruction of Proto-Northern Adelbert phonology and lexicon, the ancestral language of the Northern Adelbert languages, as well as reconstructions of interstage proto-languages for various subgroups of Northern Adelbert., and presents a tree-structure classification for the family based on shared innovations. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................2 Abstract......................................................................................................................................................3 Abbreviations and conventions..................................................................................................................8 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................11 1.1 The Northern Adelbert Languages................................................................................................14 1.2 People and environment................................................................................................................18 1.3 Previous research on Northern Adelbert languages......................................................................22 1.4 Methodology.................................................................................................................................23 1.5 Overview of common traits in Northern Adelbert languages........................................................26 1.5.1 Phonology of Northern Adelbert languages..........................................................................27 1.5.2 Grammar of Northern Adelbert languages............................................................................33 2. Manep-Barem.......................................................................................................................................42 2.1 Barem............................................................................................................................................42 2.1.1 Barem phonemes...................................................................................................................45 2.1.2 Barem syllable and word structure........................................................................................50 2.1.3. Morphophonological processes in Barem............................................................................54 2.1.4 Barem verb morphology........................................................................................................63 2.2 Manep............................................................................................................................................80 2.2.1 Manep phonemes...................................................................................................................82 2.2.2 Manep syllable and word structure........................................................................................84 2.2.3 Morphophonological processes in Manep.............................................................................85 2.2.4 Manep verb morphology........................................................................................................86 3. Kumil-Tibor.......................................................................................................................................104 3.1 Tibor languages background.......................................................................................................105 3.2 Pamosu........................................................................................................................................107 3.2.1 Pamosu phonemes...............................................................................................................107 3.2.2 Pamosu verb morphology....................................................................................................108 3.3.3 Morphophonological processes in Pamosu..........................................................................110 3.3 Mokati..........................................................................................................................................112 3.3.1 Mokati phonemes.................................................................................................................113 3.3.2 Mokati verb morphology.....................................................................................................113 3.3.3 Morphophonological processes in Mokati...........................................................................116 3.4 Hember Avu.................................................................................................................................119 3.4.1 Hember Avu phonemes........................................................................................................120 3.4.2 Hember Avu verb morphology............................................................................................121 3.4.3 Morphophonological processes in Hember Avu..................................................................123 3.5 Mawak.........................................................................................................................................125 3.6 Kowaki........................................................................................................................................127 3.6.1 Kowaki phonemes...............................................................................................................127 3.6.2 Kowaki verb morphology....................................................................................................128 3.6.3 Morphophonological processes in Kowaki.........................................................................129 3.7 Kumil languages overview..........................................................................................................133 3.8 Mauwake.....................................................................................................................................135 3.8.1 Mauwake phonemes............................................................................................................135 3.8.2 Mauwake verb morphology.................................................................................................136 4 3.8.3 Morphophonological processes in Mauwake......................................................................137 3.9 Bepour.........................................................................................................................................138
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