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Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides)

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Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides) Plant Disease Aug. 2008 PD-48 Mango anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) 6FRW&1HOVRQ 'HSDUWPHQWRI3ODQWDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ6FLHQFHV ry weather during mango (Mangifera indica L.) 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WH[WXUHDQGWDVWH Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in coopera- tion with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew G. Hashimoto, Director/ Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822. (ULX\HSVWWVY[\UP[`HMÄYTH[P]LHJ[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUWYV]PKPUNWYVNYHTZHUKZLY]PJLZ[V[OLWLVWSLVM/H^HPºP^P[OV\[YLNHYK[VYHJLZL_HNLYLSPNPVUJVSVYUH[PVUHSVYPNPUHUJLZ[Y`KPZ- ability, marital status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or status as a covered veteran. CTAHR publications can be found on the Web site <http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/freepubs>. UH–CTAHR Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) PD-48 — Aug. 2008 The pathogen and disease symptoms Table 1. Commercial mango production in Hawai‘i (2005). 7KHXELTXLWRXVIXQJXVColletotrichum gloeosporioides 3HQ]DQG6DFFLVWKHDQDPRUSKVWDJH DVH[XDOVWDJHRI Number of farms 100 WKHSDWKRJHQLFIXQJXV C. gloeosporioidesLVUHVSRQVLEOH Acreage in crop 295 Acreage harvested 190 IRUPDQ\GLVHDVHVDOVRUHIHUUHGWRDV´DQWKUDFQRVHµRQ Total number of trees 13,900 PDQ\WURSLFDOIUXLWVLQFOXGLQJEDQDQDDYRFDGRSDSD\D Number of bearing trees 8900 FRIIHHSDVVLRQIUXLWDQGRWKHUV Utilized production 530,000 pounds $FFRUGLQJWR3ORHW] ´FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQVRI Farm price $1.11 per pound ZRUOGZLGHSRSXODWLRQVRI C. gloeosporioidesLQGLFDWH Value of sales $586,000 WKDWVWUDLQVIURPPDQJRFRPSULVHDJHQHWLFDOO\DQG Source: Hawai‘i Agricultural Statistics Service (2005); data are based SDWKRORJLFDOO\GLVWLQFWSRSXODWLRQRIWKLVVSHFLHV7KH on mango farms participating in HASS’ annual survey and do not PDQJRSRSXODWLRQRIWKHSDWKRJHQDOZD\VSUHGRPLQDWHG YLÅLJ[OHY]LZ[ZMYVTWVW\SH[PVUZVMUH[\YHSPaLKTHUNV[YLLZVY those cultivated by backyard growers. 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Conidiogenesis in Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesOPNOS`THNUPÄLKMYVTTHUNVPU(TLYPJHU:HTVH(JV- nidium (pl. conidia) is an asexual, nonmotile fungal spore that develops externally or is liberated from the cell that formed it. Conidiogenesis is the formation of asexual spores (conidia or conidiopspores). A conidiophore is simple or branched hypha on which conidia are produced. Photos: Fred Brooks Table 2. Mango cultivar reaction to anthracnose (after Nishijima 1993). Country Resistant Moderate Susceptible Very susceptible Australia ‘Carrie’ ‘Kensington Pride’ ‘Willard’ ‘Caraboa Florigon’ ‘Neelum’ ‘Tommy Atkins’ ‘Manaranijan’ ‘Saigon’ Philippines ‘Palmer’ ‘Fernandin’ ‘Carrie’ ‘Ah Ping’, ‘Julie’ ‘Siam’ ‘Arumanis’ ‘Peter Passand’ ‘Zill’, ‘Willard’ ‘Velei-Colomban’ ‘Edward’ ‘Cherakuruasa’ ‘Joe Welch’ ‘Gedong’ ‘Hingurakgoda’ ‘Tjenkir’ ‘Kensington’ ‘Otts’, ‘Pope’ Hawai‘i ‘Paris’, ‘Fairchild’ ‘Haden’ ‘Exel’ ‘Pirie’ ‘Rapoza’ Florida ‘Zill’ ‘Haden’ ‘Irwin’, ‘Sensation’ ‘Kent’, ‘Keitt’ ‘Tommy Atkins’ 3 UH–CTAHR Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) PD-48 — Aug. 2008 Panicle symptoms of mango anthracnose on various mango cultivars in Hawai‘i and Micronesia. Infections ap- WLHYPUP[PHSS`HZ[PU`^LSSKLÄULKISHJRÅLJRZVYZWLJRZVU all tissues of the panicle. As the infection spreads, clusters of ÅV^LYZ[\YUPUR`ISHJRHUKKPL;OLWHUPJSLILJVTLZWYVUL to nearly complete disintegration. 4 UH–CTAHR Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) PD-48 — Aug. 2008 Symptoms of mango anthracnose on cultivar ‘Rapoza’: tan- colored centers and blackened margins. Mango anthracnose symptoms on fruits Above, a basket of anthracnose-diseased mango fruits at a farmer’s market in Hilo, Hawai‘i. Such fruits may be accept- able for some lower-quality local markets but are certainly not for shipping off-island. Development of the lesions occurs within days from quiescent infections after the fruits begin to ripen. Irregular, dark brown to black lesions form anywhere on the fruit and often coalesce to form larger, severely blighted areas. Lesions are somewhat depressed or sunken; they HYLPUP[PHSS`Z\WLYÄJPHSI\[JHUWLUL[YH[LKLLWPU[V[OLÅLZO as disease progresses. During humid or moist conditions, abundant orange-brown to salmon-colored spore masses of On common mango and other mango types, two basic symp- the pathogen form in lesions on the fruit surface. tom types for mango anthracnose are sunken black lesions (above, left) or the “tear stain” effect (above right and below, left), linear necrotic regions lending an alligator-skin effect, often
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