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Pouteria Sapota
Pouteria sapota Pouteria sapota, mamey sapote, is a species of tree na- propagated by grafting, which ensures the new plant has tive to Central America, naturally ranging from southern the same characteristics as the parent, especially its fruit. Mexico to southern Costa Rica. Today, the tree is cul- It is also considerably faster than growing trees by seed. tivated not only in Mexico, but also in Central America, The leaves are pointed at both ends, 4 to 12 inches in the Caribbean, and South Florida for its fruit, which is length and grow in clusters at the ends of branches. commonly eaten in many Latin American countries. It has different names depending on the country: mamey The fruit is about 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) long and (Cuba), zapote colorado (Costa Rica), níspero and zapote 8 to 12 cm (3 to 5 inches) wide and has flesh ranging in rojo (South America), among others. color from pink to orange to red. The brown skin has a texture somewhat between sandpaper and the fuzz on a peach. The fruit’s texture is creamy and soft. A mamey 1 Description sapote is ripe when the flesh is pink when a fleck of the skin is removed. The flesh should give slightly, as with a ripe kiwifruit. The mamey sapote is related to other sapotes such as sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), abiu (P. caimito) and canistel (P. campechiana), but unrelated to the black sapote (Diospyros digyna) and white sapote (Casimiroa edulis).[2] It should not be confused with the mammee ap- ple (Mammea americana). -
ZAPOTE the Popular Name Represents Many Diverse Edible Fruits of Guatemala
Sacred Animals and Exotic Tropical Plants monzón sofía photo: by Dr. Nicholas M. Hellmuth and Daniela Da’Costa Franco, FLAAR Reports ZAPOTE The popular name represents many diverse edible fruits of Guatemala ne of the tree fruits raised by the Most zapotes have a soft fruit inside and Maya long ago that is still enjoyed a “zapote brown” covering outside (except today is the zapote. Although for a few that have other external colors). It Othere are several fruits of the same name, the is typical for Spanish nomenclature of fruits popular nomenclature is pure chaos. Some of and flowers to be totally confusing. Zapote is the “zapote” fruits belong to the sapotaceae a vestige of the Nahuatl (Aztec) word tzapotl. family and all are native to Mesoamerica. The first plant on our list, Manilkara But other botanically unrelated fruits are also zapote, is commonly named chicozapote. called zapote/sapote; some are barely edible This is one of the most appreciated edible (such as the zapotón). There are probably species because of its commercial value. It even other zapote-named fruits that are not is distributed from the southeast of Mexico, all native to Mesoamerica. especially the Yucatán Peninsula into Belize 60 Dining ❬ ANTIGUA and the Petén area, where it is occasionally now collecting pertinent information related an abundant tree in the forest. The principal to the eating habits of Maya people, and all products of these trees are the fruit; the the plants they used and how they used them latex, which is used as the basis of natural for food. -
Leadership and Ethical Development: Balancing Light and Shadow
LEADERSHIP AND ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT: BALANCING LIGHT AND SHADOW Benyamin M. Lichtenstein, Beverly A. Smith, and William R. Torbert A&stract: What makes a leader ethical? This paper critically examines the answer given by developmental theory, which argues that individuals can develop throu^ cumulative stages of ethical orientation and behavior (e.g. Hobbesian, Kantian, Rawlsian), such that leaders at later develop- mental stages (of whom there are empirically very few today) are more ethical. By contrast to a simple progressive model of ethical develop- ment, this paper shows that each developmental stage has both positive (light) and negative (shadow) aspects, which affect the ethical behaviors of leaders at that stage It also explores an unexpected result: later stage leaders can have more significantly negative effects than earlier stage leadership. Introduction hat makes a leader ethical? One answer to this question can be found in Wconstructive-developmental theory, which argues that individuals de- velop through cumulative stages that can be distinguished in terms of their epistemological assumptions, in terms of the behavior associated with each "worldview," and in terms of the ethical orientation of a person at that stage (Alexander et.al., 1990; Kegan, 1982; Kohlberg, 1981; Souvaine, Lahey & Kegan, 1990). Developmental theory has been successfully applied to organiza- tional settings and has illuminated the evolution of managers (Fisher, Merron & Torbert, 1987), leaders (Torbert 1989, 1994b; Fisher & Torbert, 1992), and or- ganizations (Greiner, 1972; Quinn & Cameron, 1983; Torbert, 1987a). Further, Torbert (1991) has shown that successive stages of personal development have an ethical logic that closely parallels the socio-historical development of ethical philosophies during the modern era; that is, each sequential ethical theory from Hobbes to Rousseau to Kant to Rawls explicitly outlines a coherent worldview held implicitly by persons at successively later developmental stages. -
Diversidade Genética Molecular Em Germoplasma De Mangueira
1 Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Diversidade genética molecular em germoplasma de mangueira Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Batista Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas Piracicaba 2013 1 Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Batista Bacharel e Licenciado em Ciências Biológicas Diversidade genética molecular em germoplasma de mangueira versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011 Orientador: Prof. Dr. JOSÉ BALDIN PINHEIRO Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas Piracicaba 2013 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - ESALQ/USP Batista, Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Diversidade genética molecular em germoplasma de mangueira / Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Batista.- - versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011. - - Piracicaba, 2013. 103 p: il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, 2013. 1. Diversidade genética 2. Germoplasma vegetal 3. Manga 4. Marcador molecular I. Título CDD 634.441 B333d “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 Aos meus pais “Francisco e Carmelita”, por todo amor, apoio, incentivo, e por sempre acreditarem em mim... Dedico. Aos meus amigos e colegas, os quais se tornaram parte de minha família... Ofereço. 4 5 AGRADECIMENTOS À Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP) e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, pela qualidade do ensino e estrutura oferecida e oportunidade de realizar o doutorado. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão de bolsas de estudo Especialmente o Prof. -
JULY 2016 Our Next Meeting Is Monday, July 18Th at 4701 Golden Gate Parkway Which Is the Golden Gate Community Center
COLLIER FRUIT GROWERS NEWSLETTER JULY 2016 Our next meeting is Monday, July 18th at 4701 Golden Gate Parkway which is the Golden Gate Community Center. The topic is going to be " Unusual and Rare Fruit Trees that Adapt or May Adapt to Cultivation in Florida". There will not be an August meeting. See you in September Our speaker is Berto Silva, a native Brazilian who specializes in growing rare and unusual fruits. Berto was raised in northeast Brazil where he learned to enjoy several different types of fruits. In the last twenty years, he has experimented growing rare and unusual fruits from all over the world including some varieties native to the Amazon region. He has a spectacular jaboticaba arbor at his home in South Ft. Myers. He is an active member with the Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club and with the Caloosa Rare Fruit Exchange. Berto’s collection includes myrciarias, eugenias, pouterias, annonas, mangiferas, and campomanesias. The meeting starts at 7:30 pm at the Community Center, 4701 Golden Gate Parkway in Golden Gate City. The tasting table opens at 7:00 pm. BURDS’ NEST OF INFORMATION THIS and THAT FOR JULY MANGOS MANGOS MANGOS We suggest that you attend: The International Mango Festival is at Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden on July 9 th &10 th from 9am -4pm. Saturday is the better day to go. The University of Florida Collier County Extension on Saturday July 16 th from 9am – 1pm presents “Alternatives to Citrus - Mango and Fruit Trees for you yard” with Steve from Fruit Scapes & the Burds. -
Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol.VII - Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A. Malo TROPICAL INSECT CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Edi A. Malo Departamento de Entomología Tropical, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30700. México. Keywords: Insects, Semiochemicals, Pheromones, Kairomones, Monitoring, Mass Trapping, Mating Disrupting. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Semiochemicals 2.1. Use of Semiochemicals 3. Pheromones 3.1. Lepidoptera Pheromones 3.2. Coleoptera Pheromones 3.3. Diptera Pheromones 3.4. Pheromones of Insects of Medical Importance 4. Kairomones 4.1. Coleoptera Kairomones 4.2. Diptera Kairomones 5. Synthesis 6. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary In this chapter we describe the current state of tropical insect chemical ecology in Latin America with the aim of stimulating the use of this important tool for future generations of technicians and professionals workers in insect pest management. Sex pheromones of tropical insectsUNESCO that have been identified to– date EOLSS are mainly used for detection and population monitoring. Another strategy termed mating disruption, has been used in the control of the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella, and the Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora. Research into other semiochemicals such as kairomones in tropical insects SAMPLErevealed evidence of their presence CHAPTERS in coleopterans. However, additional studies are necessary in order to confirm these laboratory results. In fruit flies, the isolation of potential attractants (kairomone) from Spondias mombin for Anastrepha obliqua was reported recently. The use of semiochemicals to control insect pests is advantageous in that it is safe for humans and the environment. The extensive use of these kinds of technologies could be very important in reducing the use of pesticides with the consequent reduction in the level of contamination caused by these products around the world. -
Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © 1
MAGO PRODUCTIO I PAKISTA BY M. H. PAHWAR Published by: M. H. Panhwar Trust 157-C Unit No. 2 Latifabad, Hyderabad Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 Chapter No Description 1. Mango (Magnifera Indica) Origin and Spread of Mango. 4 2. Botany. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 3. Climate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 4. Suitability of Climate of Sindh for Raising Mango Fruit Crop. 25 5. Soils for Commercial Production of Mango .. .. 28 6. Mango Varieties or Cultivars .. .. .. .. 30 7. Breeding of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 8. How Extend Mango Season From 1 st May To 15 th September in Shortest Possible Time .. .. .. .. .. 58 9. Propagation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 10. Field Mango Spacing. .. .. .. .. .. 69 11. Field Planting of Mango Seedlings or Grafted Plant .. 73 12. Macronutrients in Mango Production .. .. .. 75 13. Micro-Nutrient in Mango Production .. .. .. 85 14. Foliar Feeding of Nutrients to Mango .. .. .. 92 15. Foliar Feed to Mango, Based on Past 10 Years Experience by Authors’. .. .. .. .. .. 100 16. Growth Regulators and Mango .. .. .. .. 103 17. Irrigation of Mango. .. .. .. .. .. 109 18. Flowering how it takes Place and Flowering Models. .. 118 19. Biennially In Mango .. .. .. .. .. 121 20. How to Change Biennially In Mango .. .. .. 126 Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 21. Causes of Fruit Drop .. .. .. .. .. 131 22. Wind Breaks .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 23. Training of Tree and Pruning for Maximum Health and Production .. .. .. .. .. 138 24. Weed Control .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 25. Mulching .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150 26. Bagging of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 156 27. Harvesting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157 28. Yield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 163 29. Packing of Mango for Market. .. .. .. .. 167 30. Post Harvest Treatments to Mango .. .. .. .. 171 31. Mango Diseases. .. .. .. .. .. .. 186 32. Insects Pests of Mango and their Control . -
Collier Fruit Growers Newsletter May 2015
COLLIER FRUIT GROWERS NEWSLETTER MAY 2015 The May 18th Speaker is Dr. Doug “Dougbug” Caldwell . Doug Caldwell will present and discuss his concept of a Collier Fruit Initiative as well as current invasive pests of Southwest Florida. DougBug is the go-to person on insects in Collier County and has a heart to promote fruit trees comfortable with our unique climate. DougBug is the commercial horticulturalist, entomologist and certified arborist at the UF/IFAS Collier County extension office. Next Meeting is May 18 at the Golden Gate Community Center, 4701 Golden Gate Parkway 7:00 pm for the tasting table and 7:30 pm for the meeting/program. BURDS’ NEST OF INFORMATION THIS and THAT FOR MAY: MANGOS: Now that the mango season is commencing, LATE mangos should be selectively pruned, (yes - there will be fruit on the tree) so as to have fruit again next year. Selectively pruning, so as not to lose all the fruit. If late mangos are pruned after the fruit is harvested, eg: late September or October, it raises the % chance of no fruit the next year. Late mangos are Keitt, Neelum, Palmer, Beverly, Wise, Cryder & Zillate Early mangos – Rosigold, Lemon Saigon, Glen, Manilita & Florigon, to name just a few! When the fruit has been harvested, fertilize with 0-0-18. This is recommended because of the minors in the formulae. Fertilizing with nitrogen will cause ‘jelly seed’ and poor quality fruit. Also, spray with micro nutrients just before the new growth has hardened off. Page 2 COLLIER FRUIT GROWERS NEWSLETTER RECIPE OF THE MONTH Meyer lemons are believed to be a natural hybrid of a lemon and a sweet orange. -
White Sapote Growing in the Home Landscape1 Jonathan H
HS1054 White Sapote Growing in the Home Landscape1 Jonathan H. Crane and Carlos F. Balerdi2 Scientific Name: Casimiroa edulis and C. tetrameria and hybrids Common Names: white sapote and casimiroa (English), zapote blanco (Spanish), sapote blanc (French) Family: Rutaceae Relatives: Wooly leaf white sapote (C. tetrameria) Origin: Highlands of central Mexico and Central America. Distribution: Throughout tropical highland and subtropi- cal areas of Latin America, the Caribbean, the Mediter- ranean region, India, Southeast Asia, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Figure 1. ‘Densler’ white sapote. Credits: J. H. Crane, UF/IFAS History: White sapote was introduced into the US circa 1810. Description Tree Importance: White sapote is generally harvested from seedling trees and sold in local markets. However, white Medium to large trees; 15 ft to 60 ft (4.6–18.3 m). Trees may sapote is grown on a small commercial scale in the US, have an upright to spreading growth habit. Australia, and Mexico. Leaves Leaves are palmately compound with 3 to 7 leaflets (usually 5). Leaflets are lanceolate, 3 to 5 inches long (7.6–12.7 cm) and 1 to 2 inches wide (2.54–5.0 cm). 1. This document is HS1054, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005. Revised November 2016. Reviewed December 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication. 2. Jonathan H. Crane, professor and tropical fruit crop specialist, Tropical Research and Education Center; and Carlos F. Balerdi, professor and multi- county tropical fruit crop Extension agent IV (retired), UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611. -
Access to Export Market for Mango Farmers in the Lower Manya District of Ghana
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online) Vol.8, No.12, 2017 Access to Export Market for Mango Farmers in the Lower Manya District of Ghana Dennis Eghan Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea Abstract This study assessed accessibility to export market for mango farmers in the Lower Manya district of Ghana. It looked at the marketing outlets used, the major buyers, farmer ability to meet buyer requirements and the effect of farm and operational factors on ability of farmers to access or participate in export markets. Data for the study was collected using structured questionnaire covering the operational activities during the 2013/20014 farming year. The data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics, involving means and frequencies; t-testing and regression using the SPSS version 16. It was observed that 99% of the farmers used multiple marketing outlets to sell their mangoes. Many farmers sold their produce from the farm gate than through the other outlets, whiles more produce was sold through central markets than through the other outlets. Retailers bought mangoes from more farmers than the other categories of buyers, whiles exporters bought more volumes than the other buyers. A greater proportion of the mangoes (62%) were sold locally although about 64% of the farmers have access to export market. Volume was the most important and the most difficult buyer requirement to meet. The number of outlets where mangoes are sold, and the number buyer categories to whom mangoes are sold to, have significant effect on access and participation in export market. -
International Cooperation Among Botanic Gardens
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AMONG BOTANIC GARDENS: THE CONCEPT OF ESTABLISHING AGREEMENTS By Erich S. Rudyj A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of elaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Public Horticulture Administration May 1988 © 1988 Erich S. Rudyj INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION~ AMONG BOTANIC GARDENS: THE CONCEPT OF EsrtBllSHING AGREEMENTS 8y Erich S. Rudyj Approved: _ James E. Swasey, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: _ James E. Swasey, Ph.D. Coordinator of the Longwood Graduate Program Approved: _ Richard 8. MLfrray, Ph.D. Associate Provost for Graduate Studies No man is an /land, intire of it selfe; every man is a peece of the Continent, a part of the maine; if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea, Europe is the lesse, as well as if a Promontorie '-"Jere, as well as if a Mannor of thy friends or of thine owne were; any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankinde; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for thee. - JOHN DONNE - In the Seventeenth Meditation of the Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions (1624) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincerest thanks to Donald Crossan, James Oliver and James Swasey, who, as members of my thesis committee, provided me with the kind of encouragement and guidance needed to merge both the fields of Public Horticulture and International Affairs. Special thanks are extended to the organizers and participants of the Tenth General Meeting and Conference of the International Association of Botanical Gardens (IABG) for their warmth, advice and indefatigable spirit of international cooperation. -
July 2016 Newsletter
July 2016 – Achachairu (Bolivian Mangosteen) Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club Newsletter Who we are and what we do: The Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club, Inc., is an educational not-for-profit organization whose purpose is to inform, educate and advise members and the public in the selection of tropical and subtropical fruiting plants and trees, to encourage their cultivation, and to provide a social forum where members can freely exchange plant material and information. The club cooperates with many organizations, and provides a basis for producing new cultivars. We function in any legal manner to further the above stated aims. Meetings: Regular membership meetings that include an educational program are held the second Tuesday of each month. Meetings begin with a tasting table at 6:45 PM followed by a program at 7:15 PM, at the First United Methodist Church, 27690 Shriver Avenue, Bonita Springs. The meetings are held in the "Fellowship Hall" meeting room. Workshops: Workshops (monthly discussions) are held on the fourth Tuesday of each month. This open format encourages discussion and sharing of fruits and information. Bring in your fruits, plants, seeds, leaves, insects, photos, recipes, etc. This is a great chance to get answers to specific questions, and there always seems to be a local expert on hand! The workshops begin at 7pm and are also held at the First United Methodist Church, 27690 Shriver Avenue, Bonita Springs, in the "Fellowship Hall" meeting room. Directions: From the intersection of Old 41 Road and Bonita Beach Road SE, proceed north to Dean Street. Turn right on Dean St.