DOCSLIB.ORG

Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Islands An Environmental Profile of the Island of Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Islands including Little Jost Van Dyke, Sandy Cay, Green Cay and Sandy Spit This publication was made possible with funding support from: UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office Department for International Development Overseas Territories Environment Programme An Environmental Profile of the Island of Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Islands including Little Jost Van Dyke, Sandy Cay, Green Cay and Sandy Spit An Initiative of the Jost Van Dykes (BVI) Preservation Society and Island Resources Foundation 2009 This publication was made possible by Use of Profile: Available from: the generous support of the Overseas Reproduction of this publication, or Jost Van Dykes (BVI) Preservation Territories Environment Programme portions of this publication, is Society (OTEP), UK Foreign and authorized for educational or non- Great Harbour Commonwealth Office, under a commercial purposes without prior Jost Van Dykes, VG 1160 contract between OTEP and the Jost permission of the Jost Van Dykes (BVI) British Virgin Islands Van Dykes (BVI) Preservation Society Preservation Society or Island Tel 284.540.0861 (JVDPS), for implementation of a Resources Foundation, provided the www.jvdps.org project identified as: source is fully acknowledged. www.jvdgreen.org BVI503: Jost Van Dyke’s Community- based Programme Advancing Citation: Island Resources Foundation Environmental Protection and Island Resources Foundation and Jost 1718 P Street Northwest, Suite T-4 Sustainable Development. Van Dykes (BVI) Preservation Society Washington, DC 20036 USA (2009). An Environmental Profile of the Tel 202.265.9712 The JVDPS contracted with Island Island of Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Fax 202.232.0748 Resources Foundation to provide Islands, including Little Jost Van Dyke, www.irf.org technical services as a part of its Sandy Cay, Green Cay and Sandy agreement with OTEP, in particular to Spit. JVDPS. Jost Van Dyke, British Cover Photo: execute the Environmental Profile Virgin Islands: 135 pp. The island of Jost Van Dyke from the phase of the project, for which this north shore of Tortola document represents the primary output. TABLE OF CONTENTS vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND PHOTO CREDITS ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY x PREFACE 1 CHAPTER 1. DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROFILE ISLANDS 3 THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SETTING 7 THE COMMUNITY SETTING 11 CHAPTER 2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 11 THE PUBLIC SECTOR 14 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL NGOs (NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS) 19 CHAPTER 3. CONSERVING THE BIODIVERSITY OF JOST VAN DYKE 19 FLORAL HERITAGE 26 SALT PONDS: A CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM 31 FAUNAL HERITAGE (TERRESTRIAL) 47 CHAPTER 4. JOST VAN DYKE AND THE SEA 47 THE PEOPLE OF JVD AND THEIR BOND WITH THE SEA 48 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 56 FISHERIES RESOURCES 58 SUMMING UP—THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF IT ALL 63 CHAPTER 5. JOST VAN DYKE’S HISTORICAL HERITAGE 63 IMPORTANT SITES 69 DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH 75 CHAPTER 6. JOST VAN DYKE’S CULTURAL HERITAGE 75 COMPONENTS OF JVD’s CULTURAL HERITAGE 82 VANISHING HISTORY 85 CHAPTER 7. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL 85 POLLUTION SOURCES 93 CHAPTER 8. DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE 94 WHAT IS ALREADY PROTECTED 96 CRITICAL SPECIES AND SITES 100 FUTURE PROTECTION PRIORITIES 102 COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT: A JVD APPROACH TO RESOURCE PROTECTION 108 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES CITED APPENDICES 115 APPENDIX 1. JOST VAN DYKE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE PROJECT TEAM 117 APPENDIX 2. PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES FOR THE PROFILE ISLANDS 127 APPENDIX 3. PRELIMINARY LIST OF MARINE SPECIES FOR THE PROFILE ISLANDS iii LIST OF TABLES 5 TABLE 1. Known elevations for Profile islands. 6 TABLE 2. Recent storms and hurricanes in the BVI. 7 TABLE 3. Population figures for JVD compared to total BVI population, 2001-08. 7 TABLE 4. Age distribution of Jost Van Dyke population, 2008. 13 TABLE 5. Current JVD interaction with the primary environmental units of the BVI Government. 15 TABLE 6. BVI legal and regulatory instruments related to the protection and management of the environment. 20 TABLE 7. List of the thirteen plant communities of Jost Van Dyke. 21 TABLE 8. Vegetation communities of Jost Van Dyke and the satellite islands. 28 TABLE 9. Salt ponds of JVD and other Profile islands, listed from west to east. 33 TABLE 10. Bird species identified for Jost Van Dyke, Little Jost Van Dyke, Green Cay, Sandy Cay, Sandy Spit. 41 TABLE 11. Common mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates for Jost Van Dyke, Little Jost Van Dyke, Green Cay, Sandy Cay, and Sandy Spit. 97 TABLE 12. Plant species of special concern, with locational information. 99 TABLE 13. Faunal species of special concern, with locational information. 101 TABLE 14. Areas of Jost Van Dyke and other Profile islands with multiple parameters of value or significance. LIST OF FIGURES xii FIGURE 1. Topographic map of Jost Van Dyke, Little Jost Van Dyke, Green Cay, Sandy Spit and Sandy Cay. 1 FIGURE 2. Location of Jost Van Dyke, Little Jost Van Dyke, Green Cay, Sandy Spit and Sandy Cay. 2 FIGURE 3. Little Jost Van Dyke, with Crown Land shown in yellow. 30 FIGURE 4. Location of salt ponds, Jost Van Dyke and Sandy Cay. 50 FIGURE 5. The coastal resources of Jost Van Dyke, Little Jost Van Dyke, Sandy Cay, Green Cay, and Sandy Spit. 52 FIGURE 6. Coastal features of Sandy Cay. 55 FIGURE 7. Marine features of Sandy Cay, with identification of four marine system zones. 63 FIGURE 8. Location of historic sites, Jost Van Dyke and Little Jost Van Dyke. 94 FIGURE 9. Crown Land on Little Jost Van Dyke, Green Cay and Sandy Spit. 95 FIGURE 10. Boundaries for the proposed Little Jost Van Dyke Marine Protected Area. 95 FIGURE 11. Boundaries for the proposed Northern Cays Marine Protected Area. 98 FIGURE 12. Location of plants of special concern on Profile islands. 100 FIGURE 13. Location of wildlife and habitats of special concern on Profile islands. LIST OF TEXT BOXES 12 BOX 1. Jost Van Dyke and Tortola 18 BOX 2. Successful NGOs Exhibit … 26 BOX 3. Why Salt Ponds Are Important 27 BOX 4. Salt Ponds and Sea Salt Production 51 BOX 5. Environmental Monitoring 56 BOX 6. Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries 57 BOX 7. Wooden Island Sloop 64 BOX 8. Born in Jost 65 BOX 9. Historical Artefacts on LJVD 66 BOX 10. Sugar Production in the British Virgin Islands 69 BOX 11. Prehistoric Sites 75 BOX 12. Cultural Heritage 76 BOX 13. Reduce, Re-Use, Recycle: A JVD Cultural Tradition? 77 BOX 14. A Memory from 1960 … 82 BOX 15. More Community Voices 89 BOX 16. Effects of Increased Sedimentation iv LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 2 PHOTO 1. Pelican Cay. 3 PHOTO 2. Sandy Cay Vista, May 2008. 4 PHOTO 3. Near-vertical and contorted layers of volcanic bedrock along Cape Wright. 4 PHOTO 4. Photo taken along the Western Peninsula of JVD Illustrates ground that is completely devoid of soil. 4 PHOTO 5. Example of a well-developed soil profile. 5 PHOTO 6. The dramatic north-facing cliffs along the Western Peninsula, JVD. 6 PHOTO 7. Dry stream bed at Brown Ghut, Jost Van Dyke. 17 PHOTO 8. Sign outside of the office of the Jost Van Dykes Preservation Society in Great Harbour, JVD. 19 PHOTO 9. Lonely Tyre or Thatch Palm towering along the Western Peninsula of Jost Van Dyke. 23 PHOTO 10. Leaves of the JVD Indian Mallow (Bastardiopsis eggersii). 23 PHOTO 11. Cockspur in bloom (Erythrina eggersii). 24 PHOTO 12. Fruiting Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale). 24 PHOTO 13. Lignum Vitae is easily distinguishable by its trunk. 25 PHOTO 14. Tyre Palm (Coccothrinax alta) seedling, Western Peninsula, JVD. 25 PHOTO 15. Barrel Cactus or Turk’s Cap (Melocactus intortus) is more common on the dry coastal cliffs of JVD. 25 PHOTO 16. Flowering tree, Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia rubescens) at Great Harbour, JVD. 28 PHOTO 17. White Bay Pond, wet season. 28 PHOTO 18. White Bay Pond, dry conditions. 28 PHOTO 19. Lower Dog Hole Pond, in dry conditions. 29 PHOTO 20. Great Harbour Pond, located just east of the Primary School, has standing water all year. 29 PHOTO 21. Clean Hole Pond. 29 PHOTO 22. View of the north and east sides of Cape Wright Pond. 30 PHOTO 23. Sandy Cay Pond. 32 PHOTO 24. Bridled Quail Dove (Geotrygon mystacea), locally named Turtle Dove. 36 PHOTO 25. The Roof Bat (Molossus molossus), common on Jost Van Dyke. 36 PHOTO 26. The Jamaican Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), common on Jost Van Dyke. 37 PHOTO 27. Dwarf Gecko (Sphaerodactylus macrolepis). 39 PHOTO 28. The most common scorpion. 51 PHOTO 29. Green Cay and Sandy Spit. 52 PHOTO 30. Brown Pelican roosting in fringing Red Mangroves, south of Diamond Cay, East End Harbour, JVD. 54 PHOTO 31. Gorgonian-dominant habitat, north shore reef of Sandy Cay. 57 PHOTO 32. Sloop Endeavor II under construction on Jost Van Dyke. 59 PHOTO 33. Turtle hatchling at Sandy Cay, September 2004. 70 PHOTO 34. Historic sites of Jost Van Dyke and Little JVD. 77 PHOTO 35. Carnival parade through Great Harbour in the early 1990s. 78 PHOTO 36. JVD men harvesting thatch palms in the mid-1970s. 78 PHOTO 37. Example of wattle and daub house on JVD. 79 PHOTO 38. Wayson Hatchett demonstrates a killiwang made by his father, Baba Hatchett. 80 PHOTO 39. A common Great Harbour site. Fishing is an important part of daily life on JVD. 81 PHOTO 40. Model boat races in Great Harbour during the mid-1970s. 81 PHOTO 41. Bateaux building was popular on JVD during the second half of the twentieth century. 85 PHOTO 42. An example of point-source marine pollution. 86 PHOTO 43. Boat activity at White Bay, JVD. 87 PHOTO 44.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix A: Consultation and Coordination
    APPENDIX A: CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease This page intentionally left blank Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-1 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-2 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-3 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-4 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-5 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-6 APPENDIX B: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease This page intentionally left blank Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-1 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-2 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-3 APPENDIX C: VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ASSESSMENTS Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ASSESSMENTS FOR THE CANEEL BAY RESORT LEASE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AT VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS Prepared for: National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Atlanta, Georgia March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • May 1, 2016, Lazy Bones Travelogue, Virgin Islands And
    May 1, 2016 Lazy Bones Update: British Virgin Islands (BVI’s), U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico Our last update left off with us setting sail on March 14th from St Maarten, the most northerly of the Leeward Islands, to the British Virgin Islands (BVI’s). Our destination was the island of Virgin Gorda, 84 miles northwest. We left St. Maarten at 5:30 AM and experienced rain squalls most of the day, but we averaged over eight knots and even hit 10.2 knots! We arrived at Virgin Gorda North Sound at 3:30 PM and anchored off Prickly Pear Island. The next morning we took the dinghy across the sound to Gun Creek and cleared in with customs. We came back to Lazy Bones and motor-sailed over to the Bitter End Yacht Club (BEYC), anchored outside the mooring field, and went ashore for lunch. The BEYC is a unique nautical resort that caters to all yachtsmen. They have a small marina, several restaurants, friendly bars, a small grocery store, bungalows, Wi-Fi, a pool, and much more. It’s a great place to hang out, have some drinks, and enjoy a nice meal. At 4:30 we took the dinghy over to Saba Rock for happy hour. This tiny island was owned by Bert Kilbride, a big enthusiast for SCUBA diving, back in the fifties. In the sixties Bert opened the Pirates Pub, set up a few moorings, and Saba Rock became the local sailors’ hangout. In 1997, he sold out to a developer who built an amazing resort on this tiny piece of rock.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of the Extinct Hutia in Cave Deposits of Isla De Mona, P.R. by Ángel M
    In Search of the Extinct Hutia in Cave Deposits of Isla de Mona, P.R. by Ángel M. Nieves-Rivera, M.S. and Donald A. McFarlane, Ph.D. Isolobodon portoricensis, the extinct have been domesticated, and its abundant (14C) date was obtained on charcoal and Puerto Rican hutia (a large guinea-pig like remains in kitchen middens indicate that it bone fragments from Cueva Negra, rodent), was about the size of the surviving formed part of the diet for the early settlers associated with hutia bones (Frank, 1998). Hispaniolan hutia Plagiodontia (Rodentia: (Nowak, 1991; Flemming and MacPhee, This analysis yielded an uncorrected 14C age Capromydae). Isolobodon portoricensis was 1999). This species of hutia was extinct, of 380 ±60 before present, and a corrected originally reported from Cueva Ceiba (next apparently shortly after the coming of calendar age of 1525 AD, (1 sigma range to Utuado, P.R.) in 1916 by J. A. Allen (1916), European explorers, according to most 1480-1655 AD). This date coincides with the and it is known today only by skeletal remains historians. final occupation of Isla de Mona by the Taino from Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti, The first person to take an interest in the Indians (1578 AD; Wadsworth 1977). The Île de la Gonâve, ÎIe de la Tortue), Puerto faunal remains of the caves of Isla de Mona purpose of this article is to report some new Rico (mainland, Isla de Mona, Caja de was mammalogist Harold E. Anthony, who paleontological discoveries of the Puerto Muertos, Vieques), the Virgin Islands (St. in 1926 collected the first Puerto Rican hutia Rican hutia in cave deposits of Isla de Mona Croix, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership and Ethical Development: Balancing Light and Shadow
    LEADERSHIP AND ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT: BALANCING LIGHT AND SHADOW Benyamin M. Lichtenstein, Beverly A. Smith, and William R. Torbert A&stract: What makes a leader ethical? This paper critically examines the answer given by developmental theory, which argues that individuals can develop throu^ cumulative stages of ethical orientation and behavior (e.g. Hobbesian, Kantian, Rawlsian), such that leaders at later develop- mental stages (of whom there are empirically very few today) are more ethical. By contrast to a simple progressive model of ethical develop- ment, this paper shows that each developmental stage has both positive (light) and negative (shadow) aspects, which affect the ethical behaviors of leaders at that stage It also explores an unexpected result: later stage leaders can have more significantly negative effects than earlier stage leadership. Introduction hat makes a leader ethical? One answer to this question can be found in Wconstructive-developmental theory, which argues that individuals de- velop through cumulative stages that can be distinguished in terms of their epistemological assumptions, in terms of the behavior associated with each "worldview," and in terms of the ethical orientation of a person at that stage (Alexander et.al., 1990; Kegan, 1982; Kohlberg, 1981; Souvaine, Lahey & Kegan, 1990). Developmental theory has been successfully applied to organiza- tional settings and has illuminated the evolution of managers (Fisher, Merron & Torbert, 1987), leaders (Torbert 1989, 1994b; Fisher & Torbert, 1992), and or- ganizations (Greiner, 1972; Quinn & Cameron, 1983; Torbert, 1987a). Further, Torbert (1991) has shown that successive stages of personal development have an ethical logic that closely parallels the socio-historical development of ethical philosophies during the modern era; that is, each sequential ethical theory from Hobbes to Rousseau to Kant to Rawls explicitly outlines a coherent worldview held implicitly by persons at successively later developmental stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Sustainable Forestry Methods in Puerto Rico
    Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 141-148 (2015) (published online on 10 April 2015) Testing sustainable forestry methods in Puerto Rico: Does the presence of the introduced timber tree Blue Mahoe, Talipariti elatum, affect the abundance of Anolis gundlachi? Norman Greenhawk Abstract. The island of Puerto Rico has one of the highest rates of regrowth of secondary forests largely due to abandonment of previously agricultural land. The study was aimed at determining the impact of the presence of Talipariti elatum, a timber species planted for forest enrichment, on the abundance of anoles at Las Casas de la Selva, a sustainable forestry project located in Patillas, Puerto Rico. The trees planted around 25 years ago are fast-growing and now dominate canopies where they were planted. Two areas, a control area of second-growth forest without T. elatum and an area within the T. elatum plantation, were surveyed over an 18 month period. The null hypothesis that anole abundance within the study areas is independent of the presence of T. elatum could not be rejected. The findings of this study may have implications when designing forest management practices where maintaining biodiversity is a goal. Keywords. Anolis gundlachi, Anolis stratulus, Puerto Rican herpetofauna, introduced species, forestry Introduction The secondary growth forest represents a significant resource base for the people of Puerto Rico, and, if At the time of Spanish colonization in 1508, nearly managed properly, an increase in suitable habitat one hundred percent of Puerto Rico was covered in for forest-dwelling herpetofauna. Depending on the forest (Wadsworth, 1950). As a result of forest clearing management methods used, human-altered agro- for agricultural and pastureland, ship building, and fuel forestry plantations have potential conservation wood, approximately one percent of the land surface value (Wunderle, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • British Virgin Islands
    British Virgin Islands Clive Petrovic, Esther Georges and Nancy Woodfield Andy McGowan Great Tobago General introduction The British Virgin Islands comprise more than 60 islands, and the Virgin Islands. These include the globally cays and rocks, with a total land area of approximately 58 threatened Cordia rupicola (CR), Maytenus cymosa (EN) and square miles (150 square km). This archipelago is located Acacia anegadensis (CR). on the Puerto Rican Bank in the north-east Caribbean at A quarter of the 24 reptiles and amphibians identified are approximately 18˚N and 64˚W. The islands once formed a endemic, including the Anegada Rock Iguana Cyclura continuous land mass with the US Virgin Islands and pinguis (CR), which is now restricted to Anegada. Other Puerto Rico, and were isolated only in relatively recent endemics include Anolis ernestwilliamsii, Eleutherodactylus geologic time. With the exception of the limestone island of schwartzi, the Anegada Ground Snake Alsophis portoricensis Anegada, the islands are volcanic in origin and are mostly anegadae, the Virgin Gorda Gecko Sphaerodactylus steep-sided with rugged topographic features and little flat parthenopian, the Virgin Gorda Worm Snake Typlops richardi land, surrounded by coral reefs. naugus, and the Anegada Worm Snake Typlops richardi Situated at the eastern end of the Greater Antilles chain, the catapontus. Other globally threatened reptiles within the islands experience a dry sub-tropical climate dominated by BVI include the Anolis roosevelti (CR) and Epicrates monensis the prevailing north-east trade winds. Maximum summer granti (EN). temperatures reach 31˚C; minimum winter temperatures Habitat alteration during the plantation era and the are 19˚C, and there is an average rainfall of 700 mm per introduction of invasive alien species has had major year with seasonal hurricane events.
    [Show full text]
  • St Thomas St John Car Ferry Schedule
    AROUND GETTING FERRY Schedules BETWEEN ST. THOMAS, ST. JOHN, ST. CROIX AND PUERTO RICO FERRY TO ST JOHN ST. JOHN CAR FERRY FERRY TO PUERTO RICO TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (340) 776-6282 RED HOOK, St. Thomas to Enighed Pond, ST. JOHN ST. JOHN / ST. THOMAS to PUERTO RICO VARLACK VENTURES (340) 776-6412 BOYSON, INC. (340) 776-6294, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (340) 776-6282 LOVE CITY (340) 779-4000 One Way $100 - Round trip $125. 2 hour trip. Cash only. RED HOOK, St. Thomas to CRUZ BAY, St. John Round trip from $42-$50 – One way $27-$30 Between Cruz Bay, St. John, Charlotte Amalie, and $7.00 one way, children under twelve $1.00 Depends on Carrier (plus Port Authority Fee) Fajardo, Puerto Rico. 15 to 20 minute ride. $4.00 per bag fee. Cash only. Cash only. *Credit card when office is open, please call. This service leaves sporadically and unpredictably. You Leaving Red Hook Be there at least 25 mins before. If you buy a round trip ticket can try calling the phone number above to see if there is Monday: first boat 5:30 am (then same as Tues-Sun) you must return with the same Company. Check your boat’s anything on the dates you require. Tues - Sun: 6:30 am, 7:30 am and 8:00 am, return schedule or buy a one way ticket so it doesn’t matter then hourly until Midnight which boat you return on. Leaving Cruz Bay FERRY TO ST. CROIX Every hour from 6:00 am to 11:00 pm Leaving Red Hook, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandy Point, Green Cay and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan
    Sandy Point, Green Cay and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region September 2010 Sandy Point, Green Cay, and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN SANDY POINT, GREEN CAY AND BUCK ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES United States Virgin Islands Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia September 2010 Table of Contents iii Sandy Point, Green Cay, and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 1 I. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose and Need for the Plan .................................................................................................... 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ...................................................................................................... 3 National Wildlife Refuge System .................................................................................................. 4 Legal and Policy Context .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Anolis Lizards
    Animal Behaviour 85 (2013) 1415e1426 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Convergent evolution in the territorial communication of a classic adaptive radiation: Caribbean Anolis lizards Terry J. Ord a,*, Judy A. Stamps b, Jonathan B. Losos c a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia b Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A. c Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. article info To demonstrate adaptive convergent evolution, it must be shown that shared phenotypes have evolved Article history: independently in different lineages and that a credible selection pressure underlies adaptive evolution. Received 11 December 2012 There are a number of robust examples of adaptive convergence in morphology for which both these Initial acceptance 4 February 2013 criteria have been met, but examples from animal behaviour have rarely been tested as rigorously. Final acceptance 15 March 2013 Adaptive convergence should be common in behaviour, especially behaviour used for communication, Available online 3 May 2013 because the environment often shapes the evolution of signal design. In this study we report on the origins MS. number: A12-00933 of a shared design of a territorial display among Anolis species of lizards from two island radiations in the Caribbean. These lizards perform an elaborate display that consists of a complex series of headbobs and Keywords: dewlap extensions. The way in which these movements are incorporated into displays is generally species adaptation specific, but species on the islands of Jamaica and Puerto Rico also share fundamental aspects in display Anolis lizard design, resulting in two general display types.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Geography, Geology, Climate and Flora Habitats of Culebra Culebra Flora & Fauna Digital Database and Indexes Flora of Culebra, Puerto Rico
    Introduction to the Geography, Geology, Climate and Flora Habitats of Culebra, Puerto Rico by: Manuel H. Dubón A Fundación Mi Terruño Flora Series Publication 2015 Edition Fundación Mi Terruño [FMT] – Culebra, Puerto Rico Introduction to the Geography, Geology, Climate and Flora Habitats of Culebra Culebra Flora & Fauna Digital Database and Indexes Flora of Culebra, Puerto Rico © Manuel H. Dubón Introduction The experience of appreciating the subtropical Flora and Fauna of Culebra affords visitors and residents a unique opportunity to enjoy a very special personal experience of both a visual and spiritual dimensions. Nature is a God given gift to be enjoyed today, shared, and conserved for our future generations. The FMT Culebra Flora and Fauna Digital Photographic Databases are published by Fundación Mi Terruño, Inc. (FMT) with special permission and license from its author and amateur photographer, Manuel H. Dubón. The database presents and describes the flora found within the land site of a proposed sustainable resort-residential development of advance design designated as Villa Mi Terruño (VMT). It has been expanded to cover general flora of Culebra. FMT publishes this photographic website to offer Culebra residents, our island visitors, guest from Puerto Rico or afar and website visitors a visual and learning experience as they enjoy the Flora of Culebra in its entire splendor. It will hopefully enrich the visitors and residents life experience as they appreciate and better understand their subtropical environment in the Caribbean island of Culebra. The Flora Digital Database will also allow website visitors, students and professional and amateur naturalist to do research and enjoy a specialized photographic database of the dry subtropical Flora of Culebra with ample references.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Jost Van Dyke Registration Property Tax Assessments Year Ending 31St December, 2020 Tax Payable 1St September, 2020 British Virgin Islands
    Jost Van Dyke Registration Property Tax Assessments Year Ending 31st December, 2020 Tax Payable 1st September, 2020 British Virgin Islands * Partial Assessment Registration Block Parcel 2020 Asses. 2020 Tax Section # # Owner/s Location Type Bldg. Usage Total Acreage Rental Value Payable Jost Van Dyke 1440B 197 Barry, Fresnet Great Harbour 1.0020 $ 13.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 251 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.4950 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 252 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.3000 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 253 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2810 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 254 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2830 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 256 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2840 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 257 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.3890 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 258 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.3910 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 259 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2270 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 260 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2270 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 261 Bernier, Kent E. East End 0.2510 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1440B 90 Biala, Gherally & Rogelio Dela Cruz Great Harbour 0.2500 $ 50.00 Jost Van Dyke 1440A 345 Blyden Enterprises Limited Jost Van Dyke 0.7830 $ 10.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 248 Blyden, Charles East End 0.6310 $ 10.00 Blyden, Daniel A., Euroma; Ricardo, Emmalita; Rosita Chinnery; Mariel Hanson; Jost Van Dyke 1640A 307 & Henry Austin East End 5.9000 $ 25.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 17 Blyden, David East End 1.7500 $ 13.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 200/1 Blyden, David East End 2.3030 $ 16.00 Blyden, David (alias David Wellington Jost Van Dyke 1640A 122 Blyden) East End 0.1744 $ 10.00 Blyden, David (alias David Wellington Jost Van Dyke 1640A 122 Blyden)* East End Wood/Concrete Dwelling $ 3,000.00 $ 45.00 Jost Van Dyke 1640A 19 Blyden, David Austin Jr.
    [Show full text]