La Vie Saint Franchois

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La Vie Saint Franchois This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com A propos de ce livre Ceci est une copie numérique d’un ouvrage conservé depuis des générations dans les rayonnages d’une bibliothèque avant d’être numérisé avec précaution par Google dans le cadre d’un projet visant à permettre aux internautes de découvrir l’ensemble du patrimoine littéraire mondial en ligne. Ce livre étant relativement ancien, il n’est plus protégé par la loi sur les droits d’auteur et appartient à présent au domaine public. L’expression “appartenir au domaine public” signifie que le livre en question n’a jamais été soumis aux droits d’auteur ou que ses droits légaux sont arrivés à expiration. Les conditions requises pour qu’un livre tombe dans le domaine public peuvent varier d’un pays à l’autre. 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Vous pouvez effectuer des recherches en ligne dans le texte intégral de cet ouvrage à l’adresse http://books.google.com 1 | | | || | Cbc Ctmivcrsity of Cbicaao librarics - | | Il | cres vita | T**Lentiaiatur | ---- , -- | Lai Saint ramis | -- | # * - , // • ) 3Í A a ces e e c{ 2 vet ---) Za af. C. ---- A * % 1 1 lyyra- x n, o – La Viß Saint FranCHGİS nach manuscrit français 19531 der Nationalbibliothek ir Paris. Inaugural-Dissertation Zur ' u < Erlangung der Doktorwürde der H o h e n p h i lo s op his ch en Fakultät der Universität Münster in Westfalen vorgelegt Vom Adolf Schmidt aus Verviers. Leipzig. Druck v on Oswald Schmidt. 1905. 4 * - e * * e * e e e e * : * e e • • • • * * * e 4 e e • e * e * e e e * e e e e e e • e e • e e •: e * e + • * • • • • e e * e � e e * * * • • • e 9 • • * e * e e e e e e e e e e * e e e e C * s * e e : - e * e * e e : e e e e Dekan: Referent : Geh. Reg.-Rat Prof. Dr. König. Prof. Dr. Andresen. 716100 Einleitung. Überblick über die Legendendichtung in der altfranzösischen Litteratur. 1) Die Legendendichtung beginnt in der altfranzösischen Litteratur sehr früh : das älteste größere Gedicht ist eine Legende. Mit dem 13. Jahrhundert setzt ihre Blütezeit ein, die über ein Jahrhundert anhält. Die epische Form wird, seit 1350 ungefähr, allmählich durch die dramatische ver drängt, bis der Geist der Renaissance mit dieser Litteratur gattung vollständig aufräumt. Das Gebiet der Legendendichtung beschränkt sich haupt sächlich auf England, die Normandie und die Picardie. Anfangs von mäßigem Umfange (600 Verse) schwellen die Legenden gleichzeitig mit den Romandichtungen zu gewaltiger Länge an (12000 Verse). Mit dem Verfall der poetischen Be arbeitung fängt die Prosabearbeitung an, schon seit 1230. Die Zahl der Heiligen, deren Leben in Versen erzählt wurde, beträgt etwa fünfzig. Die Reihe beginnt mit den Aposteln und reicht bis zu zeitgenössischen Heiligen, wie Thomas Becket, Dominikus † 1221, Franziskus † 1226, Elisa beth † 1231. Beliebt waren solche Stoffe, in denen das Wunderbare, das Übernatürliche vorherrschte; daher die häufige Bearbeitung des Lebens des h. Alexius und der h. Margarete. Zu diesen gehört zwar nicht Franziskus; doch hat auch die Geschichte seines Lebens bereits im 13. Jahrhundert zahl reiche Bearbeitungen erfahren. 1) Vgl. Gröbers Grundriß der roman. Philologie, Band II, erste Abteilung unter „Legenden“ (Register). Petit de Juleville, Histoire de la langue et de la littérature françaises, Band I. I – II – Lebensbeschreibungen des h. Franziskus. Kurze Charakteristik des Heiligen. 1) Vierzig Jahre nach dem Tode des heiligen Franziskus war die Geschichte seines Lebens bereits siebenmal in latei nischer Sprache geschrieben. (Sabatier pg. LI) Um 1229 verfaßte Thomas de Celano die erste vita; 1246 wurde in Greccio die vita „trium sociorum“ vollendet; um 1246 schrieb Th. de Celano eine zweite vita, 1230 erschien eine Lebens beschreibung des Heiligen in Hexametern. Verloren sind die vitae von Johannes de Ceperano und von Frater Julianus (um 1230). 1263 vollendete Bonaventura seine Lebensge schichte des Heiligen. Im 13. Jahrhundert erschienen auch schon mehrere fran zösische Bearbeitungen in Versen der 1. und 2. vita des Thomas de Celano. (Vgl. Gröbers Gr. pg. 648.) Von diesen sind mir bekannt die Nrn. 19531, 2093, 2094, 13 505 der Nationalbibliothek in Paris. Die drei ersten zählen etwa 5000, die letzte ungefähr 9000 Achtsilbler, Nr. 2093 ist eine Ab schrift von 19531. 19531 ist jedenfalls die älteste Bearbeitung von den dreien. Daneben sind noch zahlreiche französische Lebensbe schreibungen in P r o s a aus dem 13. Jahrhundert erhalten. In Italien hat Dante in seiner Divina Commedia dem Heiligen ein Denkmal gesetzt. - Diese zahlreichen Biographien aus dem 13. Jahrhundert bezeugen uns, daß man schon damals in Franzikus eine be deutende Persönlichkeit erkannt hatte. Schon zu seinen Lebens zeiten genoß der Heilige eine Verehrung, als ob er bereits eine Reliquie wäre (Sabatier). Und diese Verehrung war nur die Erwiderung der innigen Liebe, mit der Franziskus die ganze Natur umfaßte. Die Liebe war die einzige Waffe, mit der er die Welt zu erobern gedachte, als er den Orden stiftete; diese Liebe zeigt sich auch in seiner Dichtung, dem berühmten Sonnengesang. „Des Franziskus Ascetik“, sagt Gaspary I, 142, „ist nicht jene finstere Abwendung von allem Schönen der Welt; er sieht in der Natur nicht das Böse, sondern das herrliche Werk Gottes, und er preist sie als solches und liebt sie mit kind licher Innigkeit. In seiner Einfalt und Demut fühlte sich der Heilige eng verbunden mit allen Kreaturen, selbst mit den 1) Vgl. Sabatier, Vie de Saint François d’Assise, Paris, 1894. Gaspary, Geschichte der italien. Litteratur. Band I. – III – * unbelebten Gegenständen, und nannte sie alle seine Brüder und Schwestern, weil sie wie der Mensch von Gott geschaffen worden; er redete zu ihnen wie zu vernünftigen Wesen und ermahnte sie zur Liebe und Dankbarkeit gegen den, welcher sie so schön und nützlich gemacht hatte.“ . „Der Sonnen gesang ist ein Lob Gottes unter Anpreisung seiner Werke, und, wie es vom Heiligen zu geschehen pflegte, wird hier die Sonne Bruder genannt, Bruder der Wind, Schwester das Wasser und die Erde, Schwester sogar der leibliche Tod. .“') Serafico in ardore, nennt Dante den Dichter Franziskus.
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