DOCSLIB.ORG

Atriplex L.: Saltbush

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atriplex L.: Saltbush Chenopodiaceae—Goosefoot family A Atriplex L. saltbush Susan E. Meyer Dr. Meyer is a research plant ecologist at the USDA Forest Service’s Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, Utah Growth habit, occurrence, and use. The genus Shrubby saltbush species are extremely important as for- Atriplex L.—saltbush—is cosmopolitan in distribution and age plants for livestock and wildlife in arid and semiarid comprises about 250 species of annual and perennial herbs, regions worldwide (Goodall 1982). They provide palatable subshrubs, and shrubs (McArthur and Sanderson 1984). and nutritious feed on a year-round basis and are especially Most species are halophytic (at least to some degree) and important on winter ranges. As a consequence, they have occupy salt desert, coastal strand, or saltmarsh habitats. been studied and used in range rehabilitation far more exten- Shrubby species are important in arid and semiarid regions sively than most other shrubs (Jones 1970; McArthur and throughout the world, with centers of diversity in south cen- Monsen in press; Osmond and others 1980; Tiedemann and tral Asia, Australia, temperate South America, and western others 1984). There is also considerable interest in utilizing North America. Western North America is an area of partic- saltbush species as irrigated forage crops on marginal, salin- ularly high genetic diversity, with more than 20 principal ized agricultural land (Glenn and others 1992; Watson and species of shrubs and subshrubs as well as countless hybrids O’Leary 1993). Some shrubby saltbush species are also used and variants; 12 of these species are described here (table 1). extensively for the stabilization of drastically disturbed land The genus is in a state of active evolution in the Inter- because of their ability to establish and grow on harsh sites. mountain region (Stutz 1978, 1984). The drying up of Geographic races and hybrids. An important feature Pleistocene lakes 10,000 or so years ago opened up vast of infraspecific variation in many saltbush species is the areas of unexploited salt-desert habitat. Shrubby saltbush presence of series of races at different ploidy levels species migrated in rapidly from several directions and (Sanderson and others 1990; Stutz 1978; Stutz and hybridized freely, giving rise to the rich complex of forms in Sanderson 1979). Polyploid races often show dwarfing and the region today. adaptation to extremely harsh environments. The tendency In terms of areal extent, the most important species are to evolve polyploid races has also been important in facili- probably shadscale and Gardner saltbushes (Blauer and oth- tating the formation and stabilization of interspecific ers 1976). These species are regional dominants over mil- hybrids. Saltbush species possess a wealth of genetic vari- lions of hectares in the Intermountain and northwestern ability, both within and among ploidy levels for numerous Great Plains regions, respectively. Shadscale saltbush mostly traits that may be important for survival both of local popu- occurs with winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) lations in nature and of the products of artificial seedings. Guldenstaedt.); budsage (Artemesia spinescens D.C. Eaton); Hybrid forms, even those that have not yet formed stabilized and other salt-desert shrubs, whereas Gardner saltbush is populations in nature, may possess attributes that make them able to maintain codominance with perennial grasses (Stutz useful in specific disturbed land rehabilitation applications 1978). In the Mojave Desert, desert-holly is an upland land- (Stutz 1995). scape dominant, particularly in the Death Valley region, Common garden studies with fourwing saltbush have whereas allscale saltbush is a dominant species on playa demonstrated ecotypic variation in growth form, growth fringes. Fourwing saltbush is the most widely distributed shrubby saltbush in North America and is often an important rate, winter-greenness, drought and cold hardiness, palatabil- component of grassland communities, especially in the ity, nutrient status, seed size, and seed germination and Chihuahuan Desert and western Great Plains. Sickle and establishment traits (McArthur and others 1983; Springfield basin saltbushes are inconspicuous but common components 1970; Van Epps 1975; Welch and Monsen 1981, 1984). It is of northern Intermountain salt-desert vegetation. Atriplex • 283 A 284 • Woody PlantSeedManual Woody • Table 1—Atriplex, saltbush: ecology and distribution Scientific name Common name(s) Geographic distribution Ecology A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing saltbush, chamisa Widely distributed in W North America Wide ecological amplitude; mostly in sandy uplands & gravelly washes A. confertifolia (Torr. & Frem.) shadscale saltbush, spiny Widely distributed in W North America Wide ecological amplitude; mostly on silt S.Wats. saltbush, sheepfat or clay soils of low to moderate salinity A. corrugata S.Wats. mat saltbush Colorado Plateau N to Restricted to heavy saline clays on shale Red Desert of Wyoming outcrops A. cuneata A. Nels. Castle Valley saltbush Colorado Plateau Restricted to heavy saline clays on shale outcrops A. falcata (M.E. Jones) Standl. sickle saltbush, falcate saltbush, N Great Basin Subsaline soils of benches & alluvial fans Nuttall saltbush A. gardneri (Moq.) D. Dietr. Gardner saltbush NW Great Plains,Wyoming, & Montana Mostly on saline or subsaline clay soils A. hymenelytra (Torr.) S.Wats. desert-holly Mojave Desert Clay flats & gravelly fans under extreme aridity A. lentiformis (Torr.) S.Wats. big saltbush, quailbush, lensscale Mojave Desert; cismontane & Mostly around saline springs & seeps coastal California A. obovata Moq. mound saltbush, broadscale saltbush Chihuahuan Desert Saline flats A. polycarpa (Torr.) S.Wats. allscale saltbush, cattle saltbush, Mojave Desert; Central Valley Saline & subsaline slopes & flats desert saltbush of California A. semibaccata R. Br. Australian saltbush, trailing saltbush Introduced from Australia Along roadsides & in saline disturbances A. tridentata Kuntze basin saltbush, trident saltbush NE Great Basin, & Uinta Basin of Utah Saline flats Sources: Ansley and Abernathy (1985), Meyer (1996), Mikhail and others (1992),Young and others (1980). likely that other widely distributed saltbush species possess Figure 1—Atriplex, saltbush: bract-enclosed utricles A similar ecotypic differentiation. Many researchers who have (“fruits”) of; A. canescens, fourwing saltbush (top), A. confer- tifolia, shadscale saltbush (middle); and A. falcata, sickle salt- studied saltbush establishment from artificial seedings bush (bottom). emphasize the importance of using not just adapted species, but locally adapted ecotypes of these species (Bleak and others 1965; McArthur and others 2004; Nord and others 1971; Plummer and others 1968; Springfield 1970). Cultivar development for saltbush has also emphasized ecotypic adaptation. The 3 released cultivars of fourwing saltbush were developed for warm winter (‘Marana’), inter- mountain cold desert (‘Rincon’), and northwestern Great Plains (‘Wytana’) planting applications (Carlson 1984). ‘Wytana’ was developed from a fourwing saltbush × Gardner saltbush hybrid entity known as Atriplex aptera A. Nels. Flowering and fruiting. The flowers of saltbush are yellowish or brownish, inconspicuous, and unisexual, and are borne in the axils of the upper leaves or in terminal spikes. The male flowers consist of groups of stamens with- (figure 1). The bracteoles are not fused to the utricle, but in in a shallow 5-toothed calyx; petals are absent. Both petals native species they usually enclose it so completely that and calyx are absent in the female flowers. The naked 1- threshing is not possible. In Australian saltbush, the bracte- seeded ovary is borne instead between 2 leaflike bracteoles. oles are not fused across the top and the utricles may be Most native shrubby saltbush species are dioecious, that threshed free (figure 2) (Foiles 1974). is, the sexes are borne on separate plants. Fourwing saltbush The saltbush seed itself is contained within the utricle possesses a unique gender system known as trioecy, with and is generally not separable from it (figure 3). The disk- genetically male plants, genetically female plants, and a shaped seed has a curved embryo on its outer perimeter and third category that can switch sexes depending on environ- a scanty provision of storage tissue (in this case perisperm) mental conditions (McArthur and others 1992). Australian in the center. In most native species, the ovule (and thus the saltbush is monoecious, that is, the flowers are unisexual seed) is inverted within the fruit, meaning that the radicle and both sexes are present on the same plant. end points upward. This facilitates radicle emergence from Saltbush species flower in early to late summer, and between the bracteoles, which often have their only opening fruits ripen from early fall to winter. The flowers are wind- or weakest point at the tip. The degree of woody thickening pollinated. The leaflike bracteoles stay green and photosyn- of the bracteole walls varies among and within species and thetically active until quite late in the ripening process and may be linked to the persistent seed dormancy often encoun- probably provide resources directly to the ripening ovule tered. within. The fruits often persist on the bushes at least until Seed collection, cleaning and storage. Saltbush seeds spring, and it is not uncommon to find 2 generations of are harvested by stripping
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant Guide for Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex Canescens)
    Plant Guide saline-sodic soils (Ogle and St. John, 2008). It has FOURWING SALTBUSH excellent drought tolerance and has been planted in highway medians and on road shoulders, slopes, and other Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. disturbed areas near roadways. Because it is a good Plant Symbol = ATCA2 wildlife browse species, caution is recommended in using fourwing saltbush in plantings along roadways. Its Contributed by: USDA NRCS Idaho Plant Materials extensive root system provides excellent erosion control. Program Reclamation: fourwing saltbush is used extensively for reclamation of disturbed sites (mine lands, drill pads, exploration holes, etc,). It provides excellent species diversity for mine land reclamation projects. Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description Fourwing saltbush is a polymorphic species varying from deciduous to evergreen, depending on climate. Its much- branched stems are stout with whitish bark. Mature plants range from 0.3 to 2.4 m (1 to 8 ft) in height, depending on ecotype and the soil and climate. Its leaves are simple, alternate, entire, linear-spatulate to narrowly oblong, Fourwing saltbush. Photo by Steven Perkins @ USDA-NRCS canescent (covered with fine whitish hairs) and ½ to 2 PLANTS Database inches long. Its root system is branched and commonly very deep reaching depths of up to 6 m (20 ft) when soil Alternate Names depth allows (Kearney et al., 1960). Common Alternate Names: Fourwing saltbush is mostly dioecious, with male and Chamise, chamize, chamiso, white greasewood, saltsage, female flowers on separate plants (Welsh et al., 2003); fourwing shadscale, bushy atriplex however, some monoecious plants may be found within a population.
    [Show full text]
  • California Vegetation Map in Support of the DRECP
    CALIFORNIA VEGETATION MAP IN SUPPORT OF THE DESERT RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSERVATION PLAN (2014-2016 ADDITIONS) John Menke, Edward Reyes, Anne Hepburn, Deborah Johnson, and Janet Reyes Aerial Information Systems, Inc. Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Renewable Energy Program and the California Energy Commission Final Report May 2016 Prepared by: Primary Authors John Menke Edward Reyes Anne Hepburn Deborah Johnson Janet Reyes Report Graphics Ben Johnson Cover Page Photo Credits: Joshua Tree: John Fulton Blue Palo Verde: Ed Reyes Mojave Yucca: John Fulton Kingston Range, Pinyon: Arin Glass Aerial Information Systems, Inc. 112 First Street Redlands, CA 92373 (909) 793-9493 [email protected] in collaboration with California Department of Fish and Wildlife Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program 1807 13th Street, Suite 202 Sacramento, CA 95811 and California Native Plant Society 2707 K Street, Suite 1 Sacramento, CA 95816 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for this project was provided by: California Energy Commission US Bureau of Land Management California Wildlife Conservation Board California Department of Fish and Wildlife Personnel involved in developing the methodology and implementing this project included: Aerial Information Systems: Lisa Cotterman, Mark Fox, John Fulton, Arin Glass, Anne Hepburn, Ben Johnson, Debbie Johnson, John Menke, Lisa Morse, Mike Nelson, Ed Reyes, Janet Reyes, Patrick Yiu California Department of Fish and Wildlife: Diana Hickson, Todd Keeler‐Wolf, Anne Klein, Aicha Ougzin, Rosalie Yacoub California
    [Show full text]
  • The Ploidy Races of Atriplex Confertifolia (Chenopodiaceae)
    Western North American Naturalist Volume 71 Number 1 Article 10 4-20-2011 The ploidy races of Atriplex confertifolia (Chenopodiaceae) Stewart C. Sanderson USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, Utah, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Sanderson, Stewart C. (2011) "The ploidy races of Atriplex confertifolia (Chenopodiaceae)," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 71 : No. 1 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol71/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 71(1), © 2011, pp. 67–77 THE PLOIDY RACES OF ATRIPLEX CONFERTIFOLIA (CHENOPODIACEAE) Stewart C. Sanderson1 ABSTRACT.—Previous accounts of polyploidy in the North American salt desert shrub Atriplex confertifolia (shad- scale) have dealt with the distribution of polyploidy and the morphological and secondary chemical differences between races. The present study amplifies these studies and reveals additional ploidy-flavonoid races, with ploidy levels known to extend from 2x to 12x, and all except 2x and 12x represented by races with and without 6-methoxylation of flavonol compounds. Results of this study show that diploids across their range have about 113% as much DNA per genome as do polyploids and that parallel variation in monoploid genome size between diploids and accompanying polyploids can be shown in different parts of the species’ range.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report
    Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District 626 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90017 213.599.4300 www.esassoc.com Oakland Olympia Petaluma Portland Sacramento San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Woodland Hills D210324 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery, and Storage Project: Rare Plant Survey Report Page Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................2 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 2 Project Location and Description .....................................................................................2 Setting ................................................................................................................................... 5 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 5 Topography and Soils ......................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • 2015-2021 Restoration of Tunbridge Gully
    CASE STUDY 040 PROJECT TIMELINE (DETAILED) Flora, Vegetation Studies – Proposed Weed and River and Tunbridge Gully Project area which found 2015-2021 Botanical Assessment of Hotham River Project was Juncus acutus was invading the project area. 2015 undertaken by Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd of the Hotham Stage 1 weed control was conducted March - April 2017 Species planted include: REGIONAL GOALS across the Tunbridge Gully Project area. Eucalyptus patens – Swan River Blackbutt Boddington District High School (BDHS) students grew Eucalyptus rudis – Flooded Gum P People seedlings for the July 2016 planting event. Eucalyptus wandoo – White Gum 2016 Melaleuca rhaphiophylla – Swamp Paperbark Total amount of seedlings planted: 350 B Melaleuca cuticularis – Saltwater Paperbark Biophysical Total number of volunteers: 24 Spraying for Juncus acutus – Glyphosate 360 (frog Hakea undulata – Baby leafed hakea friendly) and Wetter. All areas of the Hotham River and Hakea lissocarpha – Honey Bush Tunbridge Gully project were sprayed. Juncus pallidus – Pale rush Juncus pauciflorus – Loose Flower Rush Total amount of seedlings planted: 520 Juncus subsecundus – Finger rush Total number of volunteers - 66 2017 Melaleuca incana – Grey honey myrtle Species planted include: Melaleuca rhaphiophylla – Swamp paperbark Allocasuarina humilis – Dwarf Sheoak One monitoring transect established in May 2017 Calothamnus quadrifidus – One Sided Bottlebrush Photo monitoring points established Casuarina obesa – Swamp Sheoak Spraying for Juncus acutus – Glyphosate 360 (frog
    [Show full text]
  • Salinity-Induced Changes in Anatomy, Stomatal Counts and Photosynthetic
    270 S. Afr. J. Bot. 1996,62(5): 270-276 Salinity. induced changes in anatomy, stomatal counts and photosynthetic rate of AtripZex semibaccata R. Br. A.J. de Villiers,* I. von Te ichman, M.W. van Rooyen and G.K. Theron Department of Botany. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 Republic of South Africa Reaived J April 1996: reviJed 2 Jul.\' /996 Anatomical changes in the roots and leaves of Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., induced by salinity stress, as well as photosynthetic and stomatal response to salinity. were investigated. As salinity increased, decreases were observed in rool diameter and leaf size, as well as in the number of chloroplasts in the chlorenchyma and bundle sheath cells. Development of these two cell types was also inhibited. Net leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf stomatal conductance decreased with increasing salinity, while the interceJlular CO 2 concentration increased. 80th stomatal closure and inhibition of biochemical processes probably caused the reduced leaf photosynthetic rates. The stomatal indices suggest that the trend towards an increase in number of stomata per unit leaf area with an increase in salinity was not due to decreased epidermal cell size. Keywords: Anatomy, Atriplex semibaccata, Chenopodiaceae, photosynthetic rate, salinity, stomatal counts. "To whom correspondence should be addressed Introduction des. This knowledge could aid the selection of species suited for Atriptex semibaccata R. Br. is a ruderal perennial glycophytc and reclamation purposes on saline soils. The aim of this study was a member of the Chenopodiac~ae (Shomer-Ilan et at. 1981), a to determine the changes in root and leaf anatomy, photosyn­ family including many species which have a high sah wierancc thetic rate and stomatal counlS of Atriplex semibaccata, induced and many members of which, although growing on salt-laden by increased soil salinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitulo 3 Tesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC 1 Flowering phenology of invasive alien plant species compared to native 2 species in three mediterranean-type ecosystems 3 4 Oscar Godoy*1,4, David M. Richardson2, Fernando Valladares1,3 & Pilar Castro-Díez4 5 6 1 Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (Linc-Global). Instituto de los Recursos 7 Naturales, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales. CSIC. Serrano 115 dpdo E-28006 8 Madrid Spain. ! 9 2 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch 10 University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. 11 3 Departamento de Biología y Geología. Área de Biodiversidad & Conservación, 12 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Tulipán s/n E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. 13 4 Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología. Sección de Alcalá. Edificio de Ciencias. 14 Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. 15 16 *Correspondence author: [email protected] 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 1 Fenología de floración de las especies de plantas exóticas invasoras en 2 tres ecosistemas mediterráneos en comparación con las especies 3 nativas. 4 5 Resumen 6 • Antecedentes y Objetivos: La fenología de floración es un componente esencial 7 del éxito de las especies invasoras, ya que una elevada fecundidad incrementa su 8 potencial invasor. Por tanto, estudiamos la relación existente entre los patrones 9 de floración de las especies invasoras y nativas en tres regiones con clima 10 mediterráneo: California, España y la Región Sudafricana de El Cabo 11 • Métodos: 227 pares de especies invasoras-nativas fueron utilizados 12 • Resultados clave: Las especies invasoras tienen diferentes patrones de floración 13 en comparación con las especies nativas en las tres regiones.
    [Show full text]
  • Mcgrath State Beach Plants 2/14/2005 7:53 PM Vascular Plants of Mcgrath State Beach, Ventura County, California by David L
    Vascular Plants of McGrath State Beach, Ventura County, California By David L. Magney Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Abronia maritima Red Sand-verbena PH Nyctaginaceae Abronia umbellata Beach Sand-verbena PH Nyctaginaceae Allenrolfea occidentalis Iodinebush S Chenopodiaceae Amaranthus albus * Prostrate Pigweed AH Amaranthaceae Amblyopappus pusillus Dwarf Coastweed PH Asteraceae Ambrosia chamissonis Beach-bur S Asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya Western Ragweed PH Asteraceae Amsinckia spectabilis var. spectabilis Seaside Fiddleneck AH Boraginaceae Anagallis arvensis * Scarlet Pimpernel AH Primulaceae Anemopsis californica Yerba Mansa PH Saururaceae Apium graveolens * Wild Celery PH Apiaceae Artemisia biennis Biennial Wormwood BH Asteraceae Artemisia californica California Sagebrush S Asteraceae Artemisia douglasiana Douglas' Sagewort PH Asteraceae Artemisia dracunculus Wormwood PH Asteraceae Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata Big Sagebrush S Asteraceae Arundo donax * Giant Reed PG Poaceae Aster subulatus var. ligulatus Annual Water Aster AH Asteraceae Astragalus pycnostachyus ssp. lanosissimus Ventura Marsh Milkvetch PH Fabaceae Atriplex californica California Saltbush PH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex lentiformis ssp. breweri Big Saltbush S Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula ssp. hastata Arrowleaf Saltbush AH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula Spear Saltbush AH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex semibaccata Australian Saltbush PH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex triangularis Spearscale AH Chenopodiaceae Avena barbata * Slender Oat AG Poaceae Avena fatua * Wild
    [Show full text]
  • Chisel-Toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys Microps Alfredi)
    Version 2020-04-20 [A race of the] Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps alfredi) Species Status Statement. Distribution This subspecies is endemic to Utah and occurs only on Gunnison Island in the Great Salt Lake. Durrant (1952, p. 274) considered this kangaroo rat to be the most distinctive of the mammal subspecies that are endemic to islands in the Great Salt Lake—so distinctive that he even considered the possibility that it may deserve full species status. Table 1. Utah counties currently occupied by this species. [a Race of the] Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat - alfredi BOX ELDER Abundance and Trends Oliver (field notes, 15 July 2014 and 22 October 2014) captured numerous individuals on the north and south sides of Gunnison Island. However, its population trends are unknown. Statement of Habitat Needs and Threats to the Species. Habitat Needs The chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps, full species) is a dietary and a habitat specialist, and typically lives in association with either saltbush (Atriplex sp.) or blackbrush (Coleogyne sp.). However in some places it is found in association with greasewood (Sarcobatus sp.), sagebrush (Artemisia sp.), and a few other desert shrubs. Native perennial grasses are thought to be well-tolerated by the species, but introduced annual grasses are considered to impact it negatively (see review of ecology in Hayssen 1991). Threats to the Species The State of Utah owns Gunnison Island, and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources administers it as a bird nesting colony. Therefore many potential anthropogenic threats are already prevented. The principal threat to the existence of Dipodomys microps alfredi is the dewatering of the Great Salt Lake.
    [Show full text]
  • (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex Tornabenei
    Phytotaxa 145 (1): 54–60 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.6 Studies on the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex tornabenei DUILIO IAMONICO1 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Roma, Italy. Email: [email protected] Abstract The typification of the name Atriplex tornabenei (a nomen novum pro A. arenaria) is discussed. An illustration by Cupani is designated as the lectotype, while a specimen from FI is designated as the epitype. Chorological and morphological notes in comparison with the related species A. rosea and A. tatarica are also provided. A nomenclatural change (Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata stat. nov.) is proposed. Key words: Atriplex tornabenei var. pedunculata, epitype, infraspecific variability, lectotype, Mediterranean, nomenclatural change, nomen novum Introduction Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1054) is a genus of about 260 species distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Eurasia, America and Australia (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009). Several names (at species, subspecies, variety and form ranks) were described related to the high phenotipic variability of this critical genus (Al-Turki et al. 2000). As conseguence, misapplication of names and nomenclatural disorders exist and need clarification. In this paper, the identity of the A. tornabenei Tineo ex Gussone (1843: 589) is discussed as part of the treatment of the genus Atriplex for the new edition of the Italian Flora (editor, Prof. S. Pignatti) and within the initiative “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Assessment for White-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys Leucurus)
    SPECIES ASSESSMENT FOR WHITE -TAILED PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS LEUCURUS ) IN WYOMING prepared by DOUGLAS A. KEINATH Zoology Program Manager, Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3381, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; 307-766-3013; [email protected] prepared for United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Wyoming State Office Cheyenne, Wyoming December 2004 Keinath - Cynomys leucurus December 2004 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 NATURAL HISTORY ........................................................................................................................... 4 Morphology............................................................................................................................. 4 Taxonomy and Distribution ..................................................................................................... 4 Taxonomy .......................................................................................................................................4 Range and Distribution....................................................................................................................5 Habitat Requirements............................................................................................................. 5 General ............................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Common Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) As an Active Filler of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
    materials Article Common Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as an Active Filler of Natural Rubber Biocomposites Marcin Masłowski * , Andrii Aleksieiev, Justyna Miedzianowska and Krzysztof Strzelec Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (K.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Common nettle (Urtíca Dióica L.), as a natural fibrous filler, may be part of the global trend of producing biocomposites with the addition of substances of plant origin. The aim of the work was to investigate and explain the effectiveness of common nettle as a source of active functional compounds for the modification of elastomer composites based on natural rubber. The conducted studies constitute a scientific novelty in the field of polymer technology, as there is no research on the physico-chemical characteristics of nettle bio-components and vulcanizates filled with them. Separation and mechanical modification of seeds, leaves, branches and roots of dried nettle were carried out. Characterization of the ground plant particles was performed using goniometric measurements (contact angle), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained natural rubber composites with different bio-filler content were also tested in terms of rheological, static and dynamic mechanical properties, cross-linking density, color change and resistance to simulated aging Citation: Masłowski, M.; Aleksieiev, processes. Composites with the addition of a filler obtained from nettle roots and stems showed the A.; Miedzianowska, J.; Strzelec, K.
    [Show full text]