A Comparative Analysis of the Numeral Classifiers of Bodo, Rabha and Kokborok Languages
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Report, Part-I, Vol-XII, Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY C. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 19 02 • PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequatelY on record my acknow ledgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even. to the scC!-n tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been wIthout the benefit 9f Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish .a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. '1 he greater part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeeded in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay. -
Review of Research Journal:International Monthly
Review of Research International Online Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN : 2249-894X Impact Factor 3.1402 (UIF) Volume -5 | Issue - 6 | March - 2016 PROCESS OF NEGATION IN BORO AND RABHA LANGUAGE: A TYPOLOGICAL STUDY Lakshmi Basumatary1 and Phukan Ch. Basumatary2 1Research Scholar 2Supervisor, Bodoland University, Assam, India. ABSTRACT In this paper an attempt will be made to discuss the process of negation used in both the languages. From a preliminary investigation it is seen that negation is made in these languages by adding prefix before the verb root. But there are certain dissimilarities between the languages. In Boro negation is also made by adding suffixes like {-a}, {-i}, {-li-a} etc. which are not seen in Rabha language. Rabha has only a minimum of prefix {-ta} and suffix {-cha} used with the verb root to signify the sense of negation. Negation is, sometimes, made with the help of semantic relation in a syntactic structure. All these points will be discussed elaborately in this paper. KEYWORDS: Negation, Prefix, Suffix, Reconstruction, Syntactic relation. Available online at www.lsrj.in 1 PROCESS OF NEGATION IN BORO AND RABHA LANGUAGE: A TYPOLOGICAL STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION relations of words of negation. Another point is that there are two fold of constructions having use of positive-negative words in syntactic relations which express sense of negations. In both the languages all these aspects have been seen almost in a similar manner. From this comparative analysis it may be argued these two languages typologically form common morphological features being agglutinating languages under the Tibeto-Burman sub-family of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. -
A Comparative Study of Classifier Expression in Assamese and Bengali Languages
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 3, Ver. 8 (March. 2018) PP 01-10 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org A Comparative Study of Classifier Expression in Assamese and Bengali Languages Dr. Paramita Purkait Department of Linguistics Assam University Silchar Abstract: Classifiers are affixes that are used in various languages to indicate the grammatical or semantic classification of words. "Classifiers are generally defined as morphemes that classify and quantify nouns according to semantic criteria. Classifiers classify a noun inherently. They designate and specify semantic features inherent to the nominal denotatum and divide the set of nouns of a certain language into disjunct classes "(Senft 2000: 21). Classifiers system are found in the languages of Asia,Oceania,Australia,Africa and America.Among the New Indo Aryan languages Bengali, Assamese ,Oriya, Maithili and Marathi and among Munda family Santhali, Kurka and Malto made limited use of classifiers.Assamese although an Indo Aryan, like other Tibeto Burman languages - Boro, Garo,Rabha,Dimasa,Kokborok makes use of large number of classifiers for almost everything or for every shape. The present paper makes an attempt to compare and contrast the occurances and the use of classifiers among the sister language-Assamese and Bengali.Although, both Assamese and Bengali have SOV word order but they share some common and uncommon facts about classifiers.The study is confined to standard Bengali and standard Assamese. Keywords: Numeral -
Tone Systems of Dimasa and Rabha: a Phonetic and Phonological Study
TONE SYSTEMS OF DIMASA AND RABHA: A PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL STUDY By PRIYANKOO SARMAH A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Priyankoo Sarmah 2 To my parents and friends 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The hardships and challenges encountered while writing this dissertation and while being in the PhD program are no way unlike anything experienced by other Ph.D. earners. However, what matters at the end of the day is the set of people who made things easier for me in the four years of my life as a Ph.D. student. My sincere gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Caroline Wiltshire, without whom I would not have even dreamt of going to another grad school to do a Ph.D. She has been a great mentor to me. Working with her for the dissertation and for several projects broadened my intellectual horizon and all the drawbacks in me and my research are purely due my own markedness constraint, *INTELLECTUAL. I am grateful to my co-chair, Dr. Ratree Wayland. Her knowledge and sharpness made me see phonetics with a new perspective. Not much unlike the immortal Sherlock Holmes I could often hear her echo: One's ideas must be as broad as Nature if they are to interpret Nature. I am indebted to my committee member Dr. Andrea Pham for the time she spent closely reading my dissertation draft and then meticulously commenting on it. Another committee member, Dr. -
3.Hum-LOANWORDS in BODO VOCABULARY a BRIEF STUDY
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 4, Issue 3, Mar 2016, 15-28 © Impact Journals LOANWORDS IN BODO VOCABULARY: A BRIEF STUDY RAJE BRAHMA Research Scholar, Bodoland University, Assam, India ABSTRACT Bodo language belongs to Assam which falls under the Bodo group of Assam Burmese of the Tibeto-Burman languages of Sino-Tibetan language family. A loanword is a word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language. The study seeks to investigate and establish loanwords in Bodo Vocabulary from the different Indian and foreign group of languages. The study further investigates and establishes the adaptation strategies a loanword undergoes from Indian language family and foreign language family to the Bodo Vocabulary. It also looks at the adaptation strategies a loanword undergoes from different language family so as to be accommodated into Bodo language. The study uses the research methods of interview and questionnaires to collect data from the respondents who are native speakers of the BTAD area. The data is further collected from the secondary data which are related books, thesis and research journals which are given a list of words to give the word equivalents in their sister languages as well as Bodo language. For loanwords data is also collected from the native speakers of sister languages of Bodo like Dimasa, Kokborok etc. The major finding is that there are loanwords in Bodo Vocabulary from Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic language family and foreign language family. The loanwords have to undergo various adaptation strategies so as to be accommodated into the Bodo language of Assam. -
Report, Part I, Vol-XII , Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 190 1. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY c. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1902. ~'t-icc" @b. 3-6-0 = 5". PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequately on record my acknow edgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs. as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even to the Scan tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been without the benefit of Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take .this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. The great.er part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeed'ed in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay. -
Conference Bulletin
CONFERENCE BULLETIN International Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization and Multilingual Education in Ethnolinguistic Communities 1-3 July, 2008 Bangkok, Thailand -1- CONFERENCE BULLETIN International Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization and Multilingual Education in Ethnolinguistic Communities 1-3 July 2008 Bangkok, Thailand Printed by: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development Mahidol University ISBN: 978-974-8349-47-3 Printed at: Threelada Limited Partnership, Bangkok Tel. (662)462 0303 -2- PREFACE Since the 1st International Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization and Multilingual Education in 2003,1 increasing numbers of ethnolinguistic communities, NGOs, universities and governments in Asia and the Pacific have expressed interest in and /or begun implementing mother tongue-based multilingual education (MT-based MLE) programs for children and adults who do not speak or understand the language used in mainstream education. That trend now seems to be growing in Africa as well. Also during that time, there as been an increase in the number of efforts in many parts of the world to document, revitalize and sustain the heritage languages and cultures of non-dominant language communities through language development (LD) and language revitalization (LR) programs. In spite of these efforts, the purposes and benefits of language development, language revitalization and multilingual education are still not widely understood or accepted. Many LD, LR and MT-based MLE efforts remain quite weak and do not build on what has been learned through research and practice around the world. Clearly, more awareness-raising and advocacy are still needed. Also needed is more information about what works and what does not work in planning, implementing and sustaining strong LD, LR and MT-based MLE programs. -
Languages of Myanmar
Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 1 of 20 Languages of Myanmar [See also SIL publications on the languages of Myanmar.] Union of Myanmar, Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw. Formerly Burma. 42,720,196. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages: 28,877,000 or 78% of the population, Daic languages 2,778,900 or 9.6%, Austro- Asiatic languages 1,934,900 or 6.7%, Hmong-Mien languages 6,000 (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Burmese. Literacy rate: 66% to 78%; 78.5% over 15 years old (1991). Also includes Eastern Tamang, Geman Deng, Iu Mien, Malay (21,000), Sylheti, Chinese (1,015,000), people from Bangladesh and India (500,000). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; A. Hale 1982; B. Comrie 1987; R. B. Jones 1988; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; D. Bradley 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Blind population: 214,440. Deaf population: 2,684,514. Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Myanmar is 109. Of those, 108 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Achang [acn] 1,700 in Myanmar (1983). West of the Irrawaddy River in Katha District, near Banmauk, scattered among the Lashi. Along the China border. Alternate names: Anchan, Chung, Atsang, Acang, Ngac'ang, Ngachang, Ngochang, Mönghsa, Tai Sa'. Dialects: Maingtha. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Northern More information. Akha [ahk] 200,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 449,261. Eastern part of Kengtung Shan State. Also spoken in China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ko, Aka, Ikaw, Ak'a, Ahka, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Kha Ko, Ikor, Aini, Yani. -
Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue
7/24/2016 Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue Myanmar LANGUAGES Akeu [aeu] Shan State, Kengtung and Mongla townships. 1,000 in Myanmar (2004 E. Johnson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akheu, Aki, Akui. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. Comments: Non-indigenous. More Information Akha [ahk] Shan State, east Kengtung district. 200,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007a). Total users in all countries: 563,960. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Ahka, Aini, Aka, Ak’a, Ekaw, Ikaw, Ikor, Kaw, Kha Ko, Khako, Khao Kha Ko, Ko, Yani. Dialects: Much dialectal variation; some do not understand each other. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. More Information Anal [anm] Sagaing: Tamu town, 10 households. 50 in Myanmar (2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Namfau. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Sal, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern. Comments: Non- indigenous. Christian. More Information Anong [nun] Northern Kachin State, mainly Kawnglangphu township. 400 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. Ethnic population: 10,000 (Bradley 2007b). Total users in all countries: 450. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Anoong, Anu, Anung, Fuchve, Fuch’ye, Khingpang, Kwingsang, Kwinp’ang, Naw, Nawpha, Nu. Dialects: Slightly di㨽erent dialects of Anong spoken in China and Myanmar, although no reported diഡculty communicating with each other. Low inherent intelligibility with the Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Lexical similarity: 87%–89% with Anong in Myanmar and Anong in China, 73%–76% with T’rung [duu], 77%–83% with Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Central Tibeto-Burman, Nungish. Comments: Di㨽erent from Nung (Tai family) of Viet Nam, Laos, and China, and from Chinese Nung (Cantonese) of Viet Nam. -
Number and the Processes of Pluralization in Bodo and Rabha Language of Assam: a Comparative Study
International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2018 Number And The Processes Of Pluralization In Bodo And Rabha Language Of Assam: A Comparative Study Gautam Kumar Baro Research Schoolar, Department Of Bodo, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India Abstract: This paper is attempting to discuss and analyze the numbers and the processes of pluralization in Bodo and Rabha language. As in other languages Bodo and the Rabha language has two kinds of numbers i.e. singular and plural number. Singular numbers are pluralized in both the language by suffixation, reduplication and by using multiple denoting noun words. The study is trying to discuss the singular and plural numbers in Bodo and Rabha language along with it is going to analyze in this paper the processes of pluralization in a comparative as well as contrastive manner. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the numbers and the processes of pluralization, whether these languages bears the same processes or characters or not, as these languages belongs from same linguistic family. Keywords: Number, Singular, Plural, Pluralization, Suffixation, Reduplication, Noun Multitude Objectives of the study: The main objective of this study is to discuss the Number system and the processes of pluralisation of Bodo and Rabha language. A comparative study has been made to find out the similarities and the dissimilarities between the Bodo and Rabha number system. Methodology: As per methodology is concerned, this paper is based on a combination of Primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected through field study, observation and interpretation with native speakers Bodo and Rabha language. -
American Baptist Foreign Mission Society
Day f e t e ' l i t e American Baptist Foreign Mission Society *924 ONE - HUNDRED-TENTH ANNUAL REPORT Presented by the Board of Managers at the Annual Meeting held in Milwaukee, Wis., May 28-June 3, 1924 Foreign Mission Headquarters 276 Fifth Avenue New York CONTENTS PAGE P R E F A C E ....................................................................... 5 B Y - L A W S .................................................................................................................................. 7 O F F I C E R S ............................................................................................................................... 11 GENERAL REPRESENTATIVES, STATE DIRECTORS ............... 12 GENERAL REVIEW OF THE YEAR ........................................................ 13-93 I ntroduction ......................................................................................................................... 15 T h e W orld S it u a t io n a t t h e C l o s e of t h e Y e a r ................................ 15 T h e J a p a n E a r t h q u a k e ........................................................................................... 20 T h e «To k y o T a b e r n a c l e C o n t in u e s to S e r v e .............................................. 23 A p p e a l fo r J a p a n R econstruction ...................................................................... 24 A S p e c ia l C o m m i s s i o n to J a p a n ........................................................................ 25 T h e S e v e n t y - f if t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f S w e d is h B a p t is t s ...................... 26 T h e B a p t is t W orld A l l ia n c e a t S t o c k h o l m .......................................... -
The Loss of Proto-Tibeto-Burman Final Velars in Standard Jinghpaw
Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSEALS Vol. 11,1 (2018): 1-12 ISSN: 1836-6821, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10524/52417 University of Hawaiʼi Press THE LOSS OF PROTO-TIBETO-BURMAN FINAL VELARS IN STANDARD JINGHPAW Keita Kurabe ILCAA, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies [email protected] Abstract The aim of this paper is two-fold: to show that the standard dialect of Jinghpaw has irregularly lost several final velars of Proto-Tibeto-Burman based on comparative evidence; and to attempt to show that the lost velars are reconstructable for an earlier stage based on both Standard Jinghpaw-internal and external evidence. Standard Jinghpaw has played an important role in Tibeto-Burman historical-comparative linguistics due to its phonological conservativeness. The loss of final velars is one notable exception, and recognizing this phenomenon enables us to identify and establish more cognate sets between Jinghpaw and closely related languages that provide a basis for a more robust reconstruction of proto-languages. The irregular loss of proto- final velars also provides some implications for the internal classification of Jinghpaw. Keywords: historical-comparative linguistics, sound change, velar deletion, Jinghpaw ISO 639-3 codes: kac, sgp, ckh, zkd 1 Introduction Jinghpaw (Jingpho) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in northern Burma and adjacent areas of China and India. It has played an important role in the reconstruction of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (PTB) due to its phonological conservativeness (Benedict 1972, Matisoff 2003, among others).1 The standard dialect of the language (SJ), spoken in the southern part of the distribution of the language, is one of the most well- described and documented dialects of the language.