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Number and the Processes of Pluralization in Bodo and Rabha Language of Assam: a Comparative Study

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Number and the Processes of Pluralization in Bodo and Rabha Language of Assam: a Comparative Study International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2018 Number And The Processes Of Pluralization In Bodo And Rabha Language Of Assam: A Comparative Study Gautam Kumar Baro Research Schoolar, Department Of Bodo, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India Abstract: This paper is attempting to discuss and analyze the numbers and the processes of pluralization in Bodo and Rabha language. As in other languages Bodo and the Rabha language has two kinds of numbers i.e. singular and plural number. Singular numbers are pluralized in both the language by suffixation, reduplication and by using multiple denoting noun words. The study is trying to discuss the singular and plural numbers in Bodo and Rabha language along with it is going to analyze in this paper the processes of pluralization in a comparative as well as contrastive manner. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the numbers and the processes of pluralization, whether these languages bears the same processes or characters or not, as these languages belongs from same linguistic family. Keywords: Number, Singular, Plural, Pluralization, Suffixation, Reduplication, Noun Multitude Objectives of the study: The main objective of this study is to discuss the Number system and the processes of pluralisation of Bodo and Rabha language. A comparative study has been made to find out the similarities and the dissimilarities between the Bodo and Rabha number system. Methodology: As per methodology is concerned, this paper is based on a combination of Primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected through field study, observation and interpretation with native speakers Bodo and Rabha language. On the other hand, secondary data have been collected through reviewing books, journals etc. An analytical and comparative study has been made to analyze the collected data. I. INTRODUCTION Brahmaputra river. The majority of the Rabha community is found in the southern Bank of the river Brahmaputra. Lots of Bodos and Rabhas are the tribal ethnic communities enthusiastic personalities have carried out a huge number of scattered all over the Assam and some contiguous states of literary work in Bodo language. In present day context Bodo Assam. Racially they are mongoloid and linguistically they language is one of the constitutional language, which is belong to the Bodo-Naga sub section of Assam Burmese recognised by the 8th scheduled of Indian constitution in 2003 section of world’s second largest Sino-Tibetan linguistic via 92nd amendment of the Indian constitution. But in present family. The main concentration of Bdoo and Rabha linguistic day perspective, Rabha language is a little known as un-save community is found in the North-eastern regions of India, language in India. Lots of enthusiastic writers, linguists are Particularly in the state of Assam and some contiguous states taking sincere initiative for enhancement of literary works, and like North Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya trying their best to enlighten this linguistic community around and West Bengal. Majority of the Bodo community is found in the world. Though both the languages are different in their the districts of Bodoland Territorial Area Districts. Besides word level, they bear the same Tibeto-Burman linguistic their concentration is found in almost all districts of Assam characteristics in their structure. both in the Northern and the southern bank of the Page 228 www.ijiras.com | Email: [email protected] International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2018 II. NUMBER (c) Rabha Singular Plural Translation Number is a morphological category in Bodo and Rabha dadan(name of male person) dadan-rɔŋ dadan and others language.In Linguistics, NUMBER is a grammatical category bibi (elder sister) bibi-rɔŋ elder sister and others of nouns, pronouns, adjective and verb agreement which mɔme (brothers and others) mɔme-rɔŋ brothers and sisters expresses count distinctions such as “one” or “more than one”. baba (father) baba-rɔŋ father and others /-mɯn/ is added after the kinship terms and the third Both the Bodo and Rabha has two kinds of numbers. h Singular Number: singular number is number that person singular number (honorific term) /bit aŋ/ in Bodo expresses one member of a designated class. Example – language. There is a little similarities of using /-taŋ / in Rabha Bodo: mansi-man, mɯsɯu-cow. Rabha: kai-man, masu- language to pluralize. /-taŋ/ is used as a plural suffix in Rabha cow. Mass noun or uncountable nouns may be expressed language after the kinship terms and agent nouns. It is used by singular number. Example – sika-water, nu-milk. after the names of animals when comparing someone with These singular forms of numbers can be pluralized by animals and expresses the scolding meaning. suffixation, reduplication and by adding multitude (d) Bodo Singular Plural Translation denoting words after the singular form. h h Plural Number: Plural number is number that expresses nɯŋt aŋ (you - Honorofic) nɯŋt a-mɯn you bithaŋ (he- Honorofic) bithaŋ-mɯn they the quantity which is more than one. Examples – Bodo: h ada (elder brother) ada-mɯn elder brother and other bɯrmap ɯr-goats, rammɯn-Ram and others, Rabha: ai(mother) ai-mɯn mother and others kaibizan - men, ramrɔŋ-Ram and others etc. abɯi(grandmother) abɯi-mɯn grand mother and others (e) Rabha III. PROCESSES OF PLURALIZATION IN BODO AND Singular Plural Translation RABHA LANGUAGE sabra (son/daughter) sabra-taŋ Son/daughter and others buribra(daughter in low) buribra-taŋ daughter in low and others Pluralization in Bodo and Rabha language is realized by lakhɔr (cowboy) lakhɔr-taŋ cow boy and others the following processes- dɔraj (adult/mature girl) dɔraj-taŋ mature girl and others Pluralization by the Use of Plural suffixes suŋba (reputed person) suŋba-taŋ reputed person and others Pluralization by using Nouns Multitude again –taŋ is also used after the names of animals and Pluralization by reduplication compares with someone to express scolding meaning with . Example – A. PLURALIZATION BY THE USE OF PLURAL (f) Singular Plural Translation SUFFIXES ki (dog) ki-taŋ dogs makra(monkey) makra-taŋ monkeys In Bodo and Rabha language singular numbers are mada(bear) mada-taŋ bears h pluralized by the use of plural suffixes after the nouns, The plural suffix /-p ɯr/ in Bodo language is used after pronouns and adjectives. Both the language has mainly three the human and non-humananimatenoun words and also used plural suffixes. i.e. with the demonstrative pronouns. On the other hand/-bizak/ is Bodo : -sɯr, -mɯn, -phɯr after the human and non-human animate noun words. Again it Rabha: -rɔŋ, -taŋ, -bizak is used after the words which already have taken the /rɔŋ/.and In Bodo /-sɯr/ is added after second person singular /-taŋ/ plural suffix in Rabha language. number /-nɯŋ/ and third person singular number /-bi/ of (g) Bodo personal pronoun and with /bi/ and /bɯi/ demonstrative Singular Plural Translation h pronoun. Similarly in Rabha language /-rɔŋ /plural suffix is mansi (man) mansi-p ɯr men h added after personal pronouns and demonstrative pronoun. alasi (guest) alasi-p ɯr guests h (a) Bodo bizab (book) bizab--p ɯr books h Singular Plural Translation mauzi (cat) mauzi-p ɯr cats h nɯŋ (you) nɯŋ -sɯr you be (this) be-p ɯr these h bi (he) bi- sɯr they bɯi (that) bɯi -p ɯr those h be (this) be-sɯr these In Bodo /-p ɯr/ is used to express the scolding meaning bɯi (that) bɯi-sɯr those by adding after the names of animals when comparing some (b) Rabha with animals. Singular Plural Translation Singular Plural Translation h naŋ (you) naŋ-rɔŋ you sɯima (dog) sɯima- p ɯr dogs h h h u (he) u -rɔŋ they mɯk ra (monkey) mɯk ra-p ɯr monkeys i. e (this) i-rɔŋ,e-rɔŋ these (h) Rabha u. ɯ (that) u-rɔŋ ,ɯ-rɔŋ those Singular Plural Translation Besides in Rabha language -rɔŋ is largely used with the kaj (man) kaj-bizan men nominals and kinship terms in order to pluralize the singular nɯk (house) nɯk-bizan houses terms. Example – baj (father) baj-bizan fathers na (fish) na-bizan fishes Page 229 www.ijiras.com | Email: [email protected] International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2018 masa (tiger) masa-bizan tigers (o) Rabha minku (cat) minku-bizan cats Singular Plural Translation Sometimes, /-bizan/ is used in Rabha language after those nɯk (house) nɯk-nɯk house to house words which are already pluralized by the addition of / -rɔŋ/ sɯŋ (village) sɯŋ-sɯŋ village to village and /-taŋ/. Example – (i) Singular Plural Translation D. PLURALIZATION BY COMPLETE REDUPLICATION urɔŋ (they) urɔŋ-bizan all they OF PRONOUNS rabhataŋ(Rabhas’) rabhataŋ-bizan all the Rabhas In Bodo and Rabha language some adjective words are (p) Bodo also pluralize by adding plural suffixes. Example – Singular Plural Translation (j) Bodo sɯr (who) sɯr-sɯr who are Singular Plural Translation ma (what) ma-ma what are gazri (bad) gazri-phɯr bad ones bɔbe (which) bɔbe-bɔbe which are mɯzaŋ (good) mɯzaŋ-phɯr good ones gɯdan (new) gɯdan-phɯr new ones (q) Rabha (k) Rabha Singular Plural Translation Singular Plural Translation saŋ (who) saŋ- saŋ who are nemsa (bad) nemsa-bizan bad ones za (those who) za-za those who are nemkai (good) nemkai-bizan good ones atɯ (what) atɯ-atɯ what are pidan pidan-bizan new ones E. PLURALIZATION BY COMPLETE REDUPLICATION B. PLURALIZATION BY USING NOUN MULTITUDE OF ADJECTIVE WORDS There are some noun words in both the Bodo and Rabha (r) Bodo language which denote uniquely a meaning of multitude. Singular Plural Translation These types of noun words are used before or after other mɯzaŋ (good) mɯzaŋ-mɯzaŋlɯgɯ good friends nouns having singular meaning.
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