GENERAL ASSEMBLY

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY-NINTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No.24 (A/39/24) UNITED NATIONS New York, 1985

NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The present volume contains the final text of the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, which was originally issued in mimeograph form as documents A/39124 (Part I) of 23 November 1984; and A/39/24 (Part II) of 21 November 1984.

CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS ...... LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ...... INTRODUCTION...... PART ONE: WORK OF THE COUNCIL AS A POLICY-MAKING ORGAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS ...... I. GENERAL ...... II. PARTICIPATION OF THE COUNCIL IN MEETINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT ITS THIRTY-EIGHTH SESSION ON THE QUESTION OF NAMIBIA ...... III. PARTICIPATION OF THE COUNCIL IN MEETINGS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE QUESTION OF NAMIBIA ...... IV. CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS BODIES ...... A. Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples ...... B. Special Committee against ApArtheid ...... V. CO-OPERATION WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY ...... A. Forty-first ordinary session of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984 B. Fortieth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of OAU, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 7 March 1984 ...... VI. CO-OPERATION WITH THE MOVEMENT OF NON-ALIGNED COUNTRIES ... PART TWO: WORK OF THE COUNCIL AS THE LEGAL ADMINISTERING AUTHORITY FOR NAMIBIA ...... I. GENERAL ...... II. ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION IN AND AROUND NAMIBIA ...... A. Political matters concerning Namibia ...... B. Military situation in Namibia ...... C. Foreign economic interests in Namibia ...... 1 - 23 24 - 151 24 - 35 36- 71 72 -99 13 100 - 117 18 101 - 108 18 109 - 117 19 118 - 134 20 119 - 124 125 - 134 21 135 - 151 24 152 152 157 157 194 - 1081 156 394 193 247 248 - 299 -iii- Page ix

CONTENTS (continued) Chapter D. Social conditions in Namibia ...... E. Legal matters concerning Namibia ...... III. MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE COUNCIL DURING THE PERIOD UNDER REVIEW ...... A. Extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok ...... B. Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia C. Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security ...... D. Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources ...... E. Mission of Consultation to Western Europe to Seek Legal Advice on the Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia ...... F. Seminar on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia ... G. Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia ...... IV. CONTACTS BETWEEN MEMBER STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA SINCE THE ADOPTION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS ES-8/2 and 38/36 A. General ...... B. Replies received from Member States on measures taken by them to implement the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A ...... C. Contacts between Member States and South Africa since the adoption of the resolution ...... D. Concluding observations ...... V. CONSULTATIONS WITH MEMBER STATES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS ON NAMIBIA ...... A. General ...... Paragraphs 300 386 - Pa9e 385 51 394 64 395 - 579 395 - 494 495 496 - 510 511 - 527 528 - 546 547 - 561 562 - 579 580 - 723 580 - 583 584 - 590 66 66 81 97 99 106 108 115 121 121 122 591 - 715 124 716 - 723 144 724 - 826 724 - 736 -iv-

CONTENTS (continued) Chapter B. Mission of Consultation to the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities and meetings with non-governmental organizations and other groups (16 to 31 January 1984) ...... C. Mission of Consultation to Asia and the Pacific Region (12 to 23 March 1984) ...... D. Mission of Consultation to Trinidad and Tobago and Argentina (7 to 14 April 1984) ...... E. Issuance of statements and communiqu6s ...... VI. ACTIVITIES OF THE COUNCIL RELATING TO THE REPRESENTATION OF NAMIBIA AND THE PROMOTION OF NAMIBIAN INTERESTS IN THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES ...... A. General ...... B. International conferences and meetings ...... C. Meetings of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other activities under the United Nations Fund for Namibia ...... D. Specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system ...... E. Organization of African Unity ...... F. Movement of Non-Aligned Countries ...... G. Meetings and conferences sponsored by non-governmental organizations ...... VII. ACTIVITIES OF THE COUNCIL IN THE FIELD OF DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY CONCERNING NAMIBIA ...... A. General ...... B. Commemoration of the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO, and of Namibia Day ...... C. Press and publications ...... D. Radio and visual services Paragraphs Page 737 - 789 790 - 813 814 - 825 826 827 827 829 - 869 828 843 844 - 846 847 - 860 861 - 862 863 864 - 869 870 - 942 870 - 885 886 - 899 900 - 916 917 - 921 148 154 157 159 160 160 160 162 162 163 164 164 165 165 169 171 173 ...... --v--

CONTENTS (continued) Chapter E. Journalists' encounters ...... F. Co-operation with non-governmental organizations ..... G. Dissemination of information by the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia ...... H. Distribution of materials ...... I. Other activities ...... VIII. UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR NAMIIA ...... A. Establishment of the Fund, general developments and sources of financing ...... B. Nationhood Programme for Namibia ...... C. United Nations Institute for Namibia ...... D. Educational, social and relief assistance ...... E. Fund-raising missions ...... IX. ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSIONER FOR NAMIBIA A. General ...... B. Assistance to Namibians ...... C. Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia ...... D. Studies ...... E. Participation in international conferences and meetings ...... F. Offices of the Commissioner at Luanda, Lusaka and Gaborone ...... X. PARTICIPATION OF THE SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLE'S ORGANIZATION AS THE SOLE AND AUTHENTIC REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NAMIBIAN PEOPLE IN THE WORK OF THE COUNCIL ...... PART THREE: ORGANIZATION AND DECISIONS OF THE COUNCIL ...... I. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL ...... A. Establishment of the Council ...... Paragraphs Page 922 - 928 174 929 - 931 175 932 - 937 938 939 - 942 943 - 1009 943 958 981 993 1004 1010 1010 1015 1029 1039 - 957 - 980 - 992 - 1003 - 1009 - 1070 - 1014 - 1028 - 1038 - 1044 1045 - 1053 1054 - 1070 1071 - 1081 1082 - 1105 1082 - 1095 1082 176 177 177 178 178 183 195 201 207 208 208 208 210 211 212 213 217 219 219 219 -vi-

CONTENTS (continued) B. Presidency of the Council ...... C. Steering Committee...... D. Standing Committees ...... E. Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia ...... F. Other committees and working groups ...... G. Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia H. Secretariat services ...... II. RESOLUTIONS, FORMAL STATEMENTS, COMMUNIQUES AND DECISIONS OF THE COUNCIL ...... A. Resolutions ...... B. Formal statements ...... C. Communiou s ...... D. Decisions ...... PART FOUR: RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACTIVITIES INVOLVING FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS ...... I. RECOMMENDATIONS ...... II. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES WHICH WILL REQUIRE THE PREPARATION OF A STATEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS ...... A. General ...... B. Activities of the Council regarding compliance by States with General Assembly resolution ES-8/2 and other relevant resolutions relating to Namibia ...... C. Missions of consultation with Governments and representation of Namibia at international conferences and other forums ...... D. Studies on the political, economic, military, legal and social situation in and related to Namibia ...... Paragraphs 1083 1084 1085 - 1089 1090 - 1091 1092 1093 1094 - 1095 1096 - 1105 1097 1098 1099 1100 - 1105 1106 - 1144 1106 1107 1107 1144 1108 1109 - 1110 1111 - 1118 1119 -vii- Page 219 219 219 220 220 220 221 222 222 224 226 249 251 251 276 276 276 276 277

CONTENTS (continued) Chapter E. Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia and activities in respect of foreign economic interests in Namibia ...... F. Mission to contact shipping interests which transport oil to South Africa and Namibia ...... G. Hearings, seminars and workshops on major issues concerning Namibia ...... H. Regional symposia in support of the struggle of the Namibian people ...... * ...... I. Support for the South West Africa People*s Orqanization ...... 0 ...... J. Extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council ...... K. Dissemination of information and mobilization of international public opinion in support of Namibia .... L. United Nations Fund for Namibia ...... Annexes paragraphs Page 1120 - 1121 1122 - 1123 1124- 1125 1126- 1127 1128 1131 1133 1140 - 1130 - 1132 - 1139 - 1144 i. Allocation of resources to the Council for 1984 within the programme budget for the biennium 1984-1985 ...... II. List of official documents of the Council (1 September 1983 to 31 August 1984) ...... III. Reservations expressed regarding the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia ...... *...... -viii- 278 278 278 279 279 280 280 286

FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS ANC African National Congress of South Africa ECA Economic Commission for Africa EEC European Economic Community ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILO International Labour Organisation IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAU Organization of African Unity PAC Pan Africanist Congress of Azania PLAN People's Liberation Army of Namibia PLO Palestine Liberation Organization SADCC Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference SADF South Africa Defence Force SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SWAPO South West Africa People's Organization UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization wMO World Meteorological Organization -ix-

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 15 November 1984 Sir, Pursuant to section V of General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967, I have the honour to transmit herewith the nineteenth report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, which the Council adopted at its 432nd meeting on 15 November 1984. This report covers the period from 1 September 1983 to 31 August 1984. In the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence and as a major policy-making organ of the United Nations, the Council during the period under review intensified its activities with a view to mobilizing concerted international action to seek an early end to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. In this connection, it is significant to point out that the Council held a series of extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984 and adopted a Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 38/36 C of I December 1983, the Council sent missions of consultation to Western Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, covering the following countries and organizations: Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, European Parliament and Commission of the European Communities from 16 to 31 January 1984; Japan, New Zealand and Australia from 12 to 24 March 1984; and Trinidad and Tobago and Argentina from 7 to 14 April 1984. The purpose of these missions was to undertake consultations with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and mobilizing greater international support for the speedy independence of Namibia. The Council also held symposia and seminars as follows: a Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984; a Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984; a Seminar on the Efforts of the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984; and a Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. This year marks a centenary of the struggle of the Namibian people for national liberation and independence. Eighteen years have elapsed since the General Assembly adopted resolution 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966 terminating South Africa's mandate for the administration of Namibia and 17 years have passed since the creation in 1967 of the United Nations Council for Namibia. The Council has His Excellency Mr. Javier P6rez de Cu6llar Secretary-General of the United Nations New York spared no effort to fulfil the mandate entrusted to it by the General Assembly. In this respect, the Council has firmly supported the people of Namibia and SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, in their struggle to achieve self- determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. South Africa's continued illegal occupation of the Territory, its war of repression against the Namibian people, its persistent acts of aggression launched from bases in Namibia against independent African States, its policy of apartheid and its development of nuclear weapons constitute a serious threat to international peace and security. In this respect, the Council expresses its concern at the continued collaboration by certain Western States with South Africa, which facilitates the continuation of that occupation. The Council firmly believes that the United Nations should continue to exert every effort to bring an end to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia, as called for in numerous United Nations resolutions. It further believes that South Africa must be made to comply immediately and unconditionally with the United Nations plan called for in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978. The Council once again reiterates its view that it is incumbent upon the Security Council to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter in order to compel it to withdraw from Namibia, thus enabling the long-suffering people of that Territory to enjoy the self-determination, freedom and independence to which they are justly entitled. In accordance with the terms of resolution 2248 (S-V), I have the honour to request that the report be distributed as a document of the General Assembly at its thirty-ninth session. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. (Signed) Paul J. F. LUSAKA President of the United Nations Council for Namibia -xi-

INTRODUCTION 1. By resolution 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966, the General Assembly placed Namibia under the direct responsibiity of the United Nations. Since 1967, the United Nations has exercised this direct responsibility for Namibia through the United Nations Council for Namibia in order to enable the people of the Territory to exercise their right to self-determination and to achieve genuine national independence. 2. The Council, established by the General Assembly in its resolution 2248 (S- V) of 19 May 1967 as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia, was empowered to administer the Territory pending its achievement of independence and to defend the rights and interests of the Namibian people. Since that time, however, the racist rigime in Pretoria, acting in defiance of numerous United Nations resolutions and decisions, has refused to relinquish its illegal occupation of Namibia. 3. Since its creation, the Council has spared no effort to fulfil the mandate entrusted to it by the General Assembly. The Council has persistently mobilized international support for measures aimed at securing the withdrawal of the illegal South African administration from Namibia in accordance with the relevant United Nations resolutions. The Council has also taken measures to counter the brutal repression of the Namibian people by South Africa and has denounced and rejected all the manoeuvres through which the intransigent South African r6gime has attempted to perpetuate its illegal occupation of the Territory, in defiance of the will of the international community. 4. In discharging the responsibilities entrusted to it by the General Assembly, the Council has formulated its programme of work in close consultation with SWAPO, which has been recoqnized by the General Assembly as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. The outstanding military, political and diplomatic achievements of SWAPO in the liberation struggle, as well as its statesmanship, have been widely acknowledged and commended by the international community. 5. South Africa's persistent defiance of the United Nations and the international community, manifested by its stubborn refusal to end its occupation of Namibia, its denial to the Namibian people of their inalienable right to self-determination, freedom and national dependence in a united Namibia, its aggression against the people of the Territory, characterized by its ruthless oppression and brutal repression of the people of Namibia, and its increased military presence in the Territory, have all compelled the Namibian patriots to take up arms against Pretoria's continued colonial occupation, foreign domination and aggression. 6. The racist regime's continued illegal occupation of the Territory, in total disregard of the just demands of the Namibian people, has compelled them to intensify their struggle for their inalienable right to self-determination and national independence. In this strugqle, the Namibian people have remained firm and steadfast against all attempts by South Africa to undermine their national unity and territorial integrity. The Council has continuously and resolutely supported the Namibian people in their just struggle, under the leadership of SWAPO. 7. During the past 22 years, notwithstanding the concerted efforts by the international community to resolve the Namibian problem, the racist r6gime has maintained its illegal occupation of the Territory and has persisted in extending its obnoxious system of apartheid and its policy of bantustanization in Namibia.

Since the termination of South Africa's mandate, the Security Council and the General Assembly have adopted numerous resolutions and decisions intended to put an end to South Africa's illegal and colonial domination of Namibia. The illegality of South Africa's presence in Namibia was confirmed by the International Court of Justice in its advisory opinion of 21 June 1971. 1/ Subsequently, the Security Council adopted resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, which established a framework for Namibian independence and which came to be known as the United Nations plan for Namibia. In complete disregard of the clearly and repeatedly expressed will of the international community, the racist r4gime in South Africa has refused to co- operate in the implementation of the plan and has thus prolonged the suffering and subjugation of the Namibian people. 8. South Africa has continued to receive support and encouragement for its aggression against the people of Namibia and the region as a whole from its major Western allies, particularly the United States of America, through their everincreasing collaboration with the r6gime in the economic, military, nuclear and political fields. This support has made the Pretoria r6gime even more intransigent in pursuing its campaign of terror against the Namibian people and in its military aggression and acts of destabilization against the front-line States. 9. The activities of the Council during the period under review included consultations with Governments of member States to review and consider all possible measures and initiatives to be taken in compliance with United Nations resolutions on Namibia, the representation of Namibian interests in international organizations and conferences, the provision of moral and political support and material assistance to the people of Namibia and the dissemination of information on the situation in Namibia. 10. As part of its ongoing programme of consultations with member States, the Council held high-level meetings in 1984 with the Governments of Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Trinidad and Tobago. Similarly, the Council conducted consultations with the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities. 11. In compliance with General Assembly resolution 38/36 C of 1 December 1983, the Council organized the following seminars and symposia: a Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984; a Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984; a Seminar on the Efforts of the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984; and a Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. The seminars and symposia examined in particular the nature of the threat to international peace and security resulting from South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and the extent to which foreign economic interests have been exploiting the Territory, as well as practical measures which the international community could take to hasten the withdrawal of South Africa's illegal presence in the Territory. 12. As part of its effort to ensure full implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ which it enacted on 27 September 1974, the Council dispatched a mission to Western Europe to seek legal advice on the implementation of the Decree. The Mission visited France, the -2-

Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 24 April to 12 May 1984. 13. The Council represented Namibia in meetings of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, UNCTAD, UNIDO, the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ILO, FAO, UNESCO, ITU and IAEA. All of these institutions, in compliance with the requests of the General Assembly, have granted full membership to Namibia, represented by the Council. The Council also participated in the meetings of OAU and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, as well as a large number of international conferences. 14. The Council continued to provide material assistance to Namibians through the United Nations Fund for Namibia, the United Nations Institute for Namibia at Lusaka and the Nationhood Programme for Namibia. 15. In order to increase the awareness of world public opinion regarding the struggle of the Namibian people, the Council continued to diseminate information on Namibia through the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, by means of publications, films, radio programmes, photographic displays and other activities. 16. In the same context, the Council continued its close co-operation with non- governmental organizations which are playing an important role in the efforts to mobilize international public opinion in support of the struggle of the Namibian people for freedom and independence. 17. In accordance with resolution 38/36 C, the Council held a series of extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok, from 21 to 25 May 1984, in order to assess the critical situation in and around Namibia in the light of the persistent refusal of the racist South African regime to co-operate in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and to promote intensified concrete action by the international community in support of the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO. At the conclusion of its extraordinary meetings, the Council adopted the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia (see para. 495), in which it reviewed recent developments relating to Namibia and drew up a list of priorities for action. In addition, the Council considered measures for securing the early implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia provided for in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), as well as for the implementation of other relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, with a view to ensuring the speedy exercise by the people of Namibia of their inalienable right to freedom and independence. 18. During the period under review, South Africa continued its campaign of terror through the constant harassment, detention, torture and cold-blooded murder of innocent civilians, the displacement of whole communities and various other inhuman practices. Anyone suspected of being a member or supporter of SWAPO was a prime target for these brutal attacks. The occupation r~gime continued its militarization of Namibia, where it maintains over 100,000 troops and an ever- expanding number of military bases. It continued to recruit and use mercenaries to participate in the genocidal violence which it unleashed in an attempt to break the spirit of the people of Namibia and the neighbouring African States. South Africa also attempted to increase its intimidation of independent African countries through the development of a nuclear weapons capability, which further threatened international peace and security. This aggressive policy of South Africa has kept the entire southern African region in a state of instability and insecurity.

19. The Council views with deep concern the fact that during the period under review, the situation in and around Namibia further deteriorated as a result of the continued illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa; the ruthless repression and oppression of the Namibian people in the form of arbitrary arrests, detentions and torture, particularly of leaders and members of SWAPO; the massive military build-up in the Territory; the attempts by South Africa to dismember Namibia; the plunder of Namibia's natural resources by the racist rfgime and Western economic interests in violation of its Decree; the persistent attempts by South Africa and the United States to link Namibia's independence to irrelevant and extraneous issues; the use of Namibia as a springboard for acts of aggression against neighbouring States, particularly Angola; the increased attempts by South Africa to destabilize the political, economic and social structures of the States in the region; and the increased collaboration of the United States and its major allies with South Africa in the economic, military, nuclear, political and other fields, which provided the racist r6gime with the necessary means for the perpetuation of its illegal occupation. 20. The Council considers that these acts constitute deliberate defiance of the United Nations and the will of the international community and are designed to deprive the Namibian people of their hard-won victories in the liberation struggle. 21. More than ever before, the actions of the apartheid rigime in southern Africa pose a threat to international peace and security. By its actions, the racist South African r6gime has clearly demonstrated that it has no intention of co-operating with the United Nations with regard to a peaceful settlement in Namibia in accordance with Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976, 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, 532 (1983) of 31 may 1983 and 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983. By the latter resolution, the Security Council condemned South Africa for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia in flagrant defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions. If further condemned South Africa for its obstruction of the implementation of resolution 435 (1978) by insisting on conditions contrary to the provisions of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, and rejected the racist South African r6gime's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with that resolution, as well as other resolutions of the Security Council and of the General Assembly on Namibia. By the same resolution, the Security Council decided to remain actively seized of the matter and to meet as soon as possible to consider appropriate measures under the Charter of the United Nations, should South Africa continue to obstruct the implementation of resolution 435 (1978). 22. The results of the Council's extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok clearly demonstrate that it is the will of the international community that the illegal occupation of Namibia by the racist r~gime of South Africa be immediately terminated. The Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at those meetings (see para. 495) was a further reaffirmation by the Council of its unflinching solidarity with the just struggle of the Namibian people for freedom and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 23. The Council, as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, will continue to do its utmost to fulfil the mandate given to it by the General Assembly to defend the rights and interests of the Namibian people and to promote initiatives, including the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter, in support of the early and genuine liberation of Namibia.

PART ONE WORK OF THE COUNCIL AS A POLICY-MAKING ORGAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHAPTER I GENERAL 24. The United Nations Council for Namibia, the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until its independence, is the policy-making organ of the General Assembly charged with defending the rights and interests of Namibia and its people. 25. During the period under review, the Council continued to participate in the formulation of United Nations policy on Namibia by submitting to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session its annual report, 3/ containing, inter alia, its assessment of the situation in Namibia, an account of the activities of the Council as Administering Authority for the Territory and its recommendations for action by the Assembly. The Council's report was the main document before the Assembly when it considered the question of Namibia and the Council's recommendations provided the basis for the resolutions adopted by the Assembly on that question. 26. The Council also participated in the Security Council debates on the question of Namibia and contributed to the preparation of Security Council resolutions on the question. In addition, the Council participated actively in the work of other United Nations bodies whenever they dealt with the question of Namibia and related matters. In particular, the Council participated in meetings of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Special Committee against Apartheid. 27. The Council continued to co-operate fully with OAU and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries by taking part in their meetings and in the elaboration of the declarations and resolutions of those organizations on the question of Namibia. During the period under review, the Council sent a high-level consultation mission to the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. 28. As in previous years, the Council dispatched consultation missions to various countries. In 1984, such missions were sent to Western Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, covering the following countries and organizations: the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities; Japan, New Zealand and Australia; Argentina and Trinidad and Tobago. A consultation mission was also sent to France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom in connection with the implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ 29. The Council also organized seminars and regional symposia on Namibia with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia and in order to mobilize further international public opinion in support of the just struggle being waged by the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative against the continued illegal occupation of their Territory by racist South Africa. The seminars and symposia were aimed at exposing and bringing about greater public awareness of the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by racist South Africa in defiance of relevant United Nations resolutions, of Pretoria's brutal repression of the Namibian people and of the systematic plunder of Namibia's resources by South Africa and other foreign economic interests, with a view to bringing this intolerable situation to an end. 30. The Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, which was held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, carried out an in-depth analysis of the current situation in and relating to Namibia resulting from Pretoria's continued illegal occupation of the Territory and the threat to peace and security that it poses for Africa and the world at large. It further contributed to the co-ordination of action in Africa aimed at promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions and decisions on Namibia and at fostering closer co-operation between the Council and non-governmental organizations, national support groups, trade unions, scholars and prominent personalities in Africa. 31. The purpose of the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984, was to obtain relevant information on the economic and social situation in Namibia and on the activities of foreign economic, financial and other interests in the Territory. In that regard, the Seminar sought to mobilize further international public opinion in support of the demands by the international community that foreign economic, financial and other interests operating in Namibia comply with all the relevant resolutions of the United Nations by immediately refraining from any new investments or activities in Namibia. 32. The Seminar in North America on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia was held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984. The purpose of the Seminar was to assess the critical situation in and relating to Namibia in the light of South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia and its refusal to implement the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. The Seminar undertook an extensive review of the situation in and around Namibia in the context of the situation in southern Africa as a whole and its implications for international peace and security. It further examined practical measures to increase support for the struggle of the people of Namibia for self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, to assist the front-line States in resisting South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilization and to ensure the immediate implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia. 33. The Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia was held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. The purpose of the Symposium was to review and intensify efforts to implement the Decree and the relevant United Nations resolutions. The Symposium also sought to co-ordinate action in Western Europe designed to implement the Decree and to promote further co-operation between the Council and non-governmental organizations, national support groups, trade unions, scholars and prominent personalities concerned with matters pertaining to the implementation of the Decree. 34. The Council also intensified its programme of co-operation with non- governmental organizations in its efforts to mobilize international public opinion in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people led by SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 35. In its work as a policy-making organ of the United Nations and the legal Administering Authority for Namibia, the Council continued to consult closely with SWAPO on all matters of interest to the Namibian people.

CHAPTER II PARTICIPATION OF THE COUNCIL IN MEETINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT ITS THIRTY-EIGHTH SESSION ON THE QUESTION OF NAMIBIA 36. The General Assembly considered the auestion of Namibia at its 72nd and 74th to 79th plenary meetings, from 28 November to 1 December 1983. 37. The General Assembly had before it, in addition to the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, 3/ the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 4/ the report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence; 5/ and the reports of the Secretary-General (A/38/183 and Add.l and 2 and A/38/525). The Assembly also had before it draft resolutions as recommended for adoption in the report of the Council. 6/ 38. The debate on the question of Namibia and the subsequent resolutions adopted by the General Assembly once more reflected the ever growing concern of the international community over the further deterioration of the situation in and around Namibia and the continued delay in bringing about the independence of the Territory. Indicative of this concern was the fact that as many as 91 delegations participated in the debate. 39. The debate clearly demonstrated the overwhelming support of the international community for the just struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, for self-determination and national liberation. It also reflected full support for SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. The debate further demonstrated the growing frustration and indignation of the international community at South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia and its persistent and blatant refusal to implement the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, particularly Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978. South Africa's attempts to impose an "internal settlement" in Namibia, in violation of Security Council resolution 439 (1978) of 13 November 1978, were condemned. 40. The vast majority of delegations expressed their categorical rejection of the attempts by the United States of America and South Africa to distort the very nature of the Namibian question by linking it to issues entirely irrelevant and extraneous to it. Delegations also condemned Pretoria's continued repression of the Namibian people, its growing militarization of the Territory, the plunder of Namibia's resources by South African and other foreign economic interests and Pretoria's use of Namibian territory as a springboard for acts of aggression against neighbouring States. 41. At the 72nd meeting of the General Assembly, on 28 November 1983, 7/ the Acting President of the Council presented the Council's annual report for the Assembly's consideration. 42. In his statement, the Acting President observed that, since the General Assembly had considered the question of Namibia at its thirty-seventh session, there had been no progress on the issue of Namibian independence. He said that, since the United Nations had terminated racist South Africa's mandate over Namibia in 1966, the General Assembly, the Security Council, the United Nations Council for Namibia and several international conferences had persistently underlined the responsibility of the international community towards the people of Namibia and demanded the unconditional withdrawal of South Africa from the Territory. He noted that since the Assembly had last considered the Question of Namibia, the racist r~gime's insistence on the irrelevant and extraneous issue of "linkage" had been rejected, both in the Declaration adopted by the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, held in Paris in April 1983, and by the Security Council in its resolutions 532 (1983) and 539 (1983) of 31 May and 28 October 1983, respectively. 43. He emphasized that the impasse in the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence was caused by South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its violation of every norm of civilized behaviour and its imposition of the infamous system of apartheid upon the people of Namibia. He stressed that the collaboration the racist r~gime received from certain Western and other States and their corporations had further enhanced Pretoria's defiance of the will of the international community and had obstructed the international effort to eliminate apartheid and to bring an end to the racist regime's illegal occupation of Namibia. He also pointed out that, emboldened by the increasing support it continued to receive from its Western allies, the racist r~gime of Pretoria had increased its aggressive acts against Angola, including the continued occupation of parts of the territory of that country, its support for rebel groups in Angola and Mozambique and its attempts to subvert the Governments of Lesotho and Zimbabwe. 44. The Acting President declared that the United Nations Council for Namibia, in close co-operation with the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, as well as OAU, remained committed to the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence, as embodied in Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 45. He further stated that the United Nations Council for Namibia would continue to intensify its efforts for the speedy and total liberation of Namibia by mobilizing international public opinion, by exposing the exploitative and oppressive political, military and economic activities of the racist Pretoria r~gime and its allies in Namibia and by taking suitable measures to preserve the territorial integrity of Namibia and protect its natural resources. In conclusion, the Acting President once more stressed the Council's conviction that the heroic and exemplary liberation struggle of the people of Namibia, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, aided by the sustained support of the international community, would soon be victorious. 46. At the same meeting, Mr. Peter Mueshihange, Secretary for Foreign Relations of SWAPO, stated once more that the illegal occupation r~gime of South Africa had turned Namibia into an armed fortress, controlled and terrorized daily by marauding apartheid agents. He further stated that South African occupation forces were not only perpetuating colonial oppression and domination in Namibia but were also exporting into the neighbouring African States naked aggression, destabilization and subversion, which they carried out in collusion with local traitors and puppets who had been recruited by the enemies of Africa to serve the diabolical aims of international imperialism and apartheid racism in the region. 47. In conclusion, he stated that "our answer to the continued military build-up and the State terrorism of the Pretoria regime is to spare no effort in the intensification of the armed struggle. If and when the racists show readiness to implement the United Nations plan, the often repeated offer of SWAPO still stands. We are ready to sign a cease-fire and to co-operate with the Secretary- General and his team for the implementation to commence". 48. Virtually all the delegations participating in the debate reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia, and the United Nations direct responsibility over Namibia. They expressed support for the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence. They condemned the racist South African r~gime for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia and its persistent refusal to comply with the resolutions of the United Nations and reiterated that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) was the only basis for a settlement of the Namibian question. 49. The vast majority of delegations reaffirmed the demand of the international community for the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia as embodied in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) without any further delay and without pre-conditions. They deplored the fact that the efforts made to that end thus far had failed owing to the intransigence of the South African r~gime and its continued refusal to co-operate with the United Nations. 50. The overwhelming majority of delegations condemned and rejected the attempts by the United States and South Africa to link the independence of Namibia to extraneous and irrelevant issues such as the presence of Cuban forces in Angola. They stated that such attempts were designed only to undermine the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and constituted a gross interference in the internal affairs of Angola. 51. They pointed out that some Western Powers had abetted South Africa in its defiance of the international community by collaborating with the Pretoria r6gime in the political, economic, military and nuclear fields. In this connection, they emphasized, in particular, the harmful effects on Namibia's future development resulting from the activities of foreign economic interests which ruthlessly exploited Namibia's natural resources and its labour force, deriving enormous profits from their illegal activities. 52. A large number of delegations expressed the view that, in the light of South Africa's defiance of international law, its flagrant violations of United Nations resolutions and decisions, its continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its aggressive policies and its development of a nuclear-weapons capability, all of which endangered international peace and security, comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, should be imposed by the Security Council in order to compel South Africa to comply with the resolutions of the United Nations. 53. Overwhelming support was expressed for the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people for freedom and national independence by all means at their disposal, including armed struggle under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 54. The delegations reaffirmed their solidarity with the front-line States, which were valiantly assisting the people of Namibia and South Africa in their struggle against colonialism and apartheid. 55. On 1 December 1983, the General Assembly adopted five resolutions (resolutions 38/36 A to E) on the question of Namibia.

56. By a recorded vote of 117 to none, with 28 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 A, entitled "Situation in Namibia resulting from the illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa". 57. By that resolution, the General Assembly reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia, as well as the legitimacy of their struggle by all means at their disposal, including armed struggle, against the illegal occupation of their Territory by South Africa. 58. The General Assembly reiterated that Namibia was the direct responsibility of the United Nations until genuine self-determination and national independence were achieved in the Territory and reaffirmed the mandate which it had given to the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence. 59. It further reaffirmed that SWAPO, the national liberation movement of Namibia, was the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people; that the genuine independence of Namibia could be achieved only with the direct and full participation of SWAPO in all efforts to implement resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia; and that the only parties to the conflict in Namibia were, on the one hand, South Africa, as the illegal occupying Power, and, on the other, the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 60. The General Assembly declared that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia constituted an act of aggression against the Namibian people in terms of the Definition of Aggression contained in its resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974. It strongly condemned South Africa for obstructing the implementation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978) and for its manoeuvres, in contravention of those resolutions, designed to consolidate its colonial and neo-colonial interests at the expense of the legitimate aspirations of the Namibian people for genuine self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. It also strongly condemned South Africa for its military build-up in Namibia, its introduction of compulsory military service for Namibians, its recruitment and training of Namibians for tribal armies and the use of mercenaries to suppress the Namibian people and to carry out its military attacks against independent African States, its threats and acts of subversion and aggression against those States and the forcible displacement of Namibians from their homes. 61. The General Assembly strongly condemned the collusion by the Governments of certain Western and other States, particularly those of the United States and Israel, with the racist regime of South Africa in the nuclear field and called upon France and all other States to refrain from supplying that r4gime, directly or indirectly, with installations that might enable it to produce uranium, plutonium or other nuclear materials, reactors or military equipment. 62. It strongly condemned the activities of all foreign economic interests operating in Namibia under the illegal South African administration which were illegally exploiting the resources of the Territory and demanded that transnational corporations engaged in such exploitation comply with all relevant resolutions of the United Nations by immediately refraining from any new investment or activities in Namibia, by withdrawing from the Territory and by putting an end to their co-operation with the illegal South African administration. Furthermore, the -10-

General Assembly requested all Member States to take appropriate measures, including legislation and enforcement action, to ensure the full application of and compliance by all corporations and individuals within their jurisdiction with the provisions of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ 63. The General Assembly deeply deplored the continued collaboration of IMF with South Africa, as exemplified by the grant of a credit of 1 billion special drawing rights in disregard of General Assembly resolution 37/2 of 21 October 1982 and called upon the Fund to put an end to such collaboration. 64. By a recorded vote of 121 to none, with 26 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 B, entitled "Implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978)". By this resolution, the Assembly reiterated that Security Council resolution 435 (1978), by which the Council endorsed the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, was the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Question of Namibia and demanded its immediate and unconditional implementation; firmly rejected and condemned the persistent attempts by the United States and South Africa to establish a linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and any extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the presence of Cuban forces in Angola and emphasized unequivocally that all such attempts were designed to delay the decolonization process in Namibia and that they constituted interference in the internal affairs of Angola. 65. By a recorded vote of 144 to none with 5 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 C, entitled "Programme of work of the United Nations Council for Namibia". By this resolution, the Assembly decided that the Council, in the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, should continue to mobilize international support in order to press for the speedy withdrawal of the illegal South African administration from Namibia; denounce and seek the rejection by all States of all fraudulent constitutional or political schemes through which South Africa might attempt to perpetuate its presence in Namibia; ensure non-recognition of any administration or entity installed at Windhoek not issuing from free elections in Namibia conducted under the supervision and control of the United Nations, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, in particular resolution 439 (1978) of 13 November 1978; and undertake a concerted effort to counter the attempts to establish a linkage or parallelism between the decolonization of Namibia and extraneous issues such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. 66. By the same resolution, the General Assembly decided that the United Nations Council for Namibia should consult Governments in order to further the implementation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia and to mobilize support for the cause of Namibia; represent Namibia in United Nations conferences and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, bodies and conferences to ensure that the rights and interests of Namibia were adequately protected; and participate as a full member in all conferences and meetings organized by the United Nations to which all States were invited. It requested all committees and other subsidiary bodies of the Assembly to continue to invite the Council to participate whenever the rights and interests of Namibians were to be discussed. 67. By a recorded vote of 122 to none, with 22 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 D, entitled "Dissemination of information and mobilization of international public opinion in support of Namibia", by which it requested the -11- Council, in pursuance of its international campaign in support of Namibia, to continue to consider ways and means of increasing the dissemination of information relating to Namibia. 68. By the same resolution, the General Assembly requested the Secretary- General to direct the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, in addition to its responsibilities relating to southern Africa, to assist, as a matter of priority, the Council in the implementation of its programme of dissemination of information in order that the United Nations might intensify its efforts to generate publicity and disseminate information with a view to mobilizing public support for the independence of Namibia, particularly in the Western States. It also requested the Council to organize a symposium to be held at United Nations HeadQuarters in 1984 with the participation of prominent personalities, scholars, support groups, media personalities and others from all parts of the world, in order to mark the one hundredth anniversary of the heroic struggle of the Namibian people against colonial occupation and the plunder of the natural resources of their country and for self-determination, freedom and independence, and to draw the attention of the world public, particularly in the Western countries, to the question of Namibia, with a view to mobilizing further international support for the just struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, to bring about the speedy independence of Namibia. 69. It further requested those non-governmental organizations and support groups that were actively engaged in supporting the struggle of the Namibian people to intensify, in co-operation with the Council, international action in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, including assistance to the Council in monitoring the boycott of South Africa called for in General Assembly resolution ES-8/2 of 14 September 1981. 70. By a recorded vote of 144 to none, with 5 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 E, entitled "United Nations Fund for Namibia". By this resolution, the Assembly decided to allocate as a temporary measure to the Fund a sum of SUS 1 million from the regular budget of the United Nations for 1984 and requested the Secretary-General and the President of the Council to intensify appeals to Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals for generous voluntary contributions to the General Account of the Fund and the Trust Funds for the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia. 71. The General Assembly requested the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system, in the light of the urgent need to strengthen the programme of assistance to the Namibian people, to make every effort to expedite the execution of Nationhood Programme projects and other projects in favour of Namibians and to execute those projects on the basis of procedures which would reflect the role of the Council as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia. -12-

CHAPTER III PARTICIPATION OF THE COUNCIL IN MEETINGS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE QUESTION OF NAMIBIA 72. In its capacity as a policy-making organ of the United Nations, the United Nations Council for Namibia participates in the decision-making process of the Security Council in two ways. First, the United Nations Council for Namibia, as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly, submits to the Assembly recommendations which form the basis for the resolutions on Namibia adopted by the Assembly. Those resolutions repeatedly call upon the Security Council to take decisive action in order to ensure the early independence of Namibia. Secondly, the Council participates directly in the work of the Security Council in accordance with the relevant rules of procedure. The delegation of the United Nations Council for Namibia, headed by its President, participates in the debates on the question of Namibia and contributes to the elaboration of the relevant Security Council resolutions. 73. Since the collapse of the pre-implementation talks in Geneva in 1981, Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which is the only universal basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question, has remained unimplemented due to persistent intransigence on the part of the Pretoria r4gime. In total defiance of the resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, South Africa has intensified its aggression against neighbouring States, its policy of institutionalized terrorism and its systematic imposition on the Namibian people of measures designed to perpetuate its illegal occupation of Namibia. These acts have been compounded by the attempts by the Pretoria r6gime to establish a linkage between the independence of Namibia and extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. 74. It will be recalled that in view of the growing threat to international peace and security posed by South Africa, the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi from 7 to 12 March 1983, called upon the Security Council to meet as soon as possible in order to consider further action on the implementation of its plan for Namibia's independence, thereby assuming its primary responsibility for implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) (see A/38/132-S/15675 and Corr.1 and 2, annex). 75. The Permanent Representatives of Mauritius and India to the United Nations addressed separate letters to the President of the Security Council on 12 and 13 May 1983, on behalf of the African Group of States at the United Nations 8/ and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, 9/ respectively, requesting that a meeting of the Council be convened to consider the question of Namibia. Accordingly, the Council held 12 meetings between 23 May and 1 June 1983 10/ to consider the question of Namibia. 76. During the meetings, the Security Council had before it the report of the Secretary-General dated 19 May 1983 11/ in which he stated that following his visit to southern Africa in February 1983, where he had held in-depth discussions on Namibia with African leaders as well as with SWAPO, he had become convinced more than ever before of the necessity to proceed expeditiously towards the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). The Secretary-General stated further that it was evident that the delay in implementing resolution -13-

435 (1978) continued to have a destructive impact not only on Namibia itself but also on the prospect for a peaceful and prosperous future for the region as a whole, and that its effects were being felt profoundly both by the people of Namibia for whose welfare the United Nations had a special obligation and by other States of the region. 77. During the debate in the Security Council, statements were made by 18 Foreign Ministers, the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the President of SWAPO, the Chairman of the African Group of States at the United Nations, the representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, the representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid and the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 78. By its resolution 532 (1983), adopted at the conclusion of those meetings, the Security Council called upon South Africa to co-operate forthwith with the Secretary-General in order to expedite the implementation of resolution 435 (1978) for the early independence of Namibia. The Council also mandated the SecretaryGeneral to undertake consultations with the parties to the proposed cease-fire, with a view to securing the speedy implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and requested the Secretary-General to report to it on the results of those consultations as soon as possible and not later than 31 August 1983. 79. During the period under review, the Security Council also met between 20 and 28 October 1983 to consider the question of Namibia. The meetings were called in response to separate letters addressed to the President of the Security Council by the Permanent Representatives of Senegal and India to the United Nations, on 17 and 18 October 1983, on behalf of the African Group of States at the United Nations 12/ and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, 13/ respectively, requesting that a meeting of the Security Council be convened to consider the question of Namibia. 80. The delegation of the United Nations Council for Namibia, which was led by its President, included the representatives of Algeria, Bangladesh, Guyana, Turkey and Yugoslavia. 81. The Security Council had before it the report of the Secretary-General dated 29 August 1983 14/ which had been prepared in pursuance of the provision of resolution 532 (1983). In that report, the Secretary-General stated that in his preliminary consultations with senior officials of the Government of South Africa on the implementation of resolution 532 (1983), they had maintained that the main obstacle to implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia was the presence of Cuban troops in Angola and that as soon as they had been withdrawn the remaining outstanding issues could be addressed and resolved. 82. The Secretary-General stated further that at separate meetings in New York, he had informed representatives of SWAPO and the representative of the Chairman of the Front-line States, as well as the Western Contact Group (comprised of the Foreign Ministers of Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the United Kingdom and the United States), that should South Africa continue to insist on addressing outstanding issues only after agreement had been reached on the withdrawal of Cuban troops, it would not be possible to make any further progress on the implementation of Security Council resolutions 435 (1978) and 532 (1983) at that stage. At a further meeting, the Western Contact Group had reconfirmed that understandings reached during the first and second phases of the negotiations in 1982, as agreed -14- to in parallel discussions with SWAPO and the front-line States, as well as with South Africa, had remained in force and were still binding on the parties. The Secretary-General had subsequently reaffirmed to the parties that in the implementation of Security Council resolution 532 (1983) discussions should not be reopened on matters in regard to which agreement and understandings had already been reached and confirmed as such to the United Nations. He had drawn their attention to the fact that the only remaining outstanding issues which had to be addressed in the context of Security Council resolution 532 (1983) were the choice of the electoral system and some final problems relating to UNTAG and its composition. 83. The Secretary-General reported that at a meeting held at Cape Town with Prime Minister Pieter W. Botha on 23 August 1983 and at subsequent meetings on 23 and 24 August 1983 with senior officials of the South African Government, he had made it clear that the United Nations could not accept the linkage pre- condition for the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, that his mandate did not include the question of the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola and that the terms of reference for his discussions with the South African Government had been exclusively spelt out in resolutions 435 (1978) and 539 (1983). 84. The Secretary-General stated that he had urged the Government of South Africa to respond positively on the two remaining outstanding issues of the electoral system and UNTAG. He went on to say that with regard to making a choice between the electoral system to be used, the South African Foreign Minister had indicated that South Africa's choice between the two systems, namely, proportional representation and the single-member constituency, would be made as soon as a date for the implementation had been set. With regard to UNTAG, the Secretary-General said that the Foreign Minister had expressed agreement on the proposed composition of UNTAG and had stated that as far as South Africa was concerned the matter was resolved. 85. The Secretary-General concluded that the prolonged and intensive consultations had resulted, as far as UNTAG was concerned, in resolving virtually all outstanding issues. He expressed deep concern, however, over the position adopted by South Africa regarding the issue of the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola as a pre-condition for the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). He stated that although substantial progress had been made in the negotiations as a whole, real progress could not be claimed until an actual date had been fixed for the start of implementation of resolution 435 (1978) and the cease-fire had come into effect. He expressed the fear that further disastrous consequences would result if that stage was not reached quickly. 86. During the debate on the question of Namibia in the Security Council, 54 representatives participated in the meetings and made statements, including the Chairman of OAU and the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, the Chairman of the African Group of States at the United Nations, the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the Secretary for Foreign Relations of SWAPO, the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid. 87. Statements made during the debate clearly reflected the concern of the international community over the delay in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Several representatives noted that as far as UNTAG was -15- concerned, virtually all the outstanding issues had been resolved and that what appeared to be blocking the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia was therefore the irrelevant and unjustified pre- condition of the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. They rejected that pre- condition and all manufactured and artificial linkages between completely unrelated issues and attempts to give the Pretoria r6gime time to expand its illegal occupation of Namibia. 88. There was widespread condemnation of South Africa's continued defiance of the United Nations decisions and a large number of delegations called for the imposition by the Security Council of appropriate measures against the South African regime as envisaged under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. 89. The President of the United Nations Council for Namibia recalled in his statement 15/ that during consideration of the situation in Namibia by the Security Council in May 1983, even South Africa's friends had acknowledged that the two outstanding issues in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) were the electoral system and a few remaining points pertaining to UNTAG and its composition. 90. He expressed indignation that, once again, racist South Africa had unashamedly manoeuvred to exploit the good will and sincere intentions of those who hoped that apartheid South Africa would, for once, show a human face. He reiterated the firm position of the United Nations Council for Namibia that the presence of Cuban forces in Angola had absolutely nothing to do with the the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). The international community had rejected with a unified voice the linkage policy of South Africa. He urged the Security Council to reject totally and unequivocally that linkage. He said that it would be unfair to ask the people of Namibia, who continued to suffer under Pretoria's cruel colonial domination and savage repression, to show still more forbearance and still more patience. 91. The President of the United Nations Council for Namibia concluded by reauesting the Security Council to set a definite time-frame for South Africa's pronouncement of its preferred electoral system so that the Security Council could adopt the enabling resolution for the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. He emphasized that it should be made clear to South Africa that should it fail to make that pronouncement within the specified period of time, the Security Council would respond positively to the overwhelming demand of the international community by imposing against South Africa comprehensive mandatory sanctions, as provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter. 92. The views expressed by the President of the Council were shared by the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples as well as by the Chairman of the Group of Arab States at the United Nations. 93. At its 2492nd meeting, on 28 October 1983, at the conclusion of the debate, the Security Council adopted resolution 539 (1983). By that resolution, the Council affirmed that the electoral system to be used for the elections of the Constituent Assembly should be determined prior to the adoption by the Council of the enabling resolution for the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. It called upon South Africa to co-operate with the Secretary-General forthwith and to communicate to him its choice of the electoral -16-

System in order to facilitate the immediate and unconditional implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia embodied in Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 94. The Security Council requested the Secretary-General to report to it on the implementation of resolution 539 (1983) as soon as possible and not later than 31 December 1983. 95. The Security Council decided further to remain actively seized of the matter and to meet as soon as possible following the publication of the SecretaryGeneral's report for the purpose of reviewing progress in the implementation of resolution 435 (1978), and, in the event of continued obstruction by South Africa, to consider the adoption of appropriate measures under the Charter. 96. In the exercise of the mandate entrusted to him by the Security Council, the Secretary-General engaged in further discussions with senior officials of the South African Government and urged them to co-operate with and communicate to him their choice of electoral system in order to facilitate the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. 97. In a further report dated 29 December 1983, 16/ the Secretary-General stated, that in the response communicated to him by the Foreign Minister of South Africa, 17/ the latter had indicated that the decision relating to the electoral system was a complex one, and that it would involve consultations with the leaders of the Territory and a proper assessment of the relative advantages of each system. 98. In his concluding assessment, the Secretary-General stated: "In my discussions with the representatives of South Africa ... I have urged the Government of South Africa to reconsider its position and to communicate to me its choice of the electoral system as a matter of urgency in order to facilitate the implementation of the United Nations plan. Thus far, the Government of South Africa has not given me a definitive response in this regard as called for in paragraph 8 of Security Council resolution 539 (1983). In the circumstances, I very much regret that I am not in a position to report any further progress in my recent discussions with South Africa. I shall not fail to inform the Security Council immediately of any developments in this regard". 99. During the period under review, the Security Council remained seized of the matter. -17-

CHAPTER IV CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS BODIES 100. During the period under review, the Council continued to co-operate with the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Special Committee against Apartheid on matters pertaining to the question of Namibia and in pursuit of the collective struggle against the remaining vestiges of colonialism, racism and apartheid. A. Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 101. Mr. Abdul G. Koroma (Sierra Leone), Chairman of the Special Committee, attended and addressed the solemn meetings held by the Council to observe the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO (27 October-2 November 1983) (see A/AC.131/PV.407). 102. Mr. Paul M. Rupia (United Republic of Tanzania), representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee, attended and addressed the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984. 103. Mr. Mohamed Farouk Adhami (Syrian Arab Republic), representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee, attended and addressed the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984. 104. Mr. Abdul G. Koroma (Sierra Leone), Chairman of the Special Committee, attended the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984, and addressed the meeting on 21 May 1984 (see A/AC.131/SR.415). 105. The Chairman of the Special Committee also attended and addressed a solemn meeting organized by the Council in observance of Africa Liberation Day, held at Bangkok on 25 May 1984 (see A/AC.131/SR.422). 106. Mr. Paul M. Rupia (United Republic of Tanzania), Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee, attended and addressed the Seminar on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984. 107. Mr. Seydou Traore (Mali), representative of the Special Committee, addressed the solemn meetings held by the Council on 27 August 1984 to commemorate Namibia Day (see A/AC.131/PV.425). 108. Mr. Jan Lundvik (Sweden), representative of the Special Committee, attended and addressed the Symposium on the International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. -18-

B. Special Committee against Apartheid 109. At the invitation of the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, representatives of the Council attended and addressed the meeting held by the Special Committee, on 11 October 1983, to observe the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (see A/AC.115/PV.528). 110. Mr. Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal), Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, addressed the solemn meetings held by the Council to observe the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO, held from 27 October to 2 November 1983 (see A/AC.131/PV.407). 111. Mr. Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Vice-Chairman of the Council, made a statement during the solemn meeting held on 21 March 1984 in observance of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, marking the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Sharpeville massacre (see A/AC.115/PV.538). 112. Representatives of the Special Committee against Apartheid attended and addressed the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984. 113. Mr. Bhaskar K. Mitra (India), representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, attended and addressed the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984. 114. Mr. Reynaldo 0. Arcilla (Philippines), representing the Special Committee against Apartheid, addressed the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984 (see A/AC.131/SR.415), and the solemn meeting in observance of Africa Liberation Day organized by the Council at Bangkok on 25 May 1984 (see A/AC.131/SR.422). 115. Mr. Ignac Golob (Yugoslavia), Acting President of the Council, made a statement at the North American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, held in New York from 18 to 22 June 1984. 116. Mr. Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal), Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, addressed the solemn meetings held by the Council on 27 August 1984 to commemorate Namibia Day (see A/AC.131/PV.425). 117. Mr. Janusz Rydzkowski (Poland), representative of the Council, attended and addressed the Conference of Arab Solidarity with the Struggle for Liberation in Southern Africa, organized by the Special Committee against Apartheid and held at Tunis from 7 to 9 August 1984. -19-

CHAPTER V CO-OPERATION WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY 118. During the period under review, the Council continued to co-operate closely with OAU and to attend its meetings with the status of observer. A. Forty-first ordinary session of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984 119. The OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa met at its forty-first session at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984. During its deliberations, the Committee gave its consideration to the critical situation prevailing in southern Africa, including the continued delay in bringing about the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. The President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), represented the Council at this session (see A/AC.131/124). 120. In his address to the Committee, the President of the Council emphasized that although great victories in decolonizing Africa had been achieved, the task for the total liberation of Africa remained as yet unfinished. The people of Namibia and South Africa still lived under the worst form of oppression that had haunted mankind since the Nazi era. During the past year, the torces of racism and colonialism had continued to strengthen their grip over the Territory of Namibia, the illegal racist r~gime of South Africa had intensified its brutalization of the people of Namibia and had continued its repression of the people with unmitigated arrogance. It had, in addition, continued its acts of aggression and subversion against the neighbouring independent African States, particularly Angola, Lesotho and Mozambique. 121. Reviewing the situation in and relating to Namibia, the President drew attention to General Assembly resolutions 38/36 A to E adopted on 1 December 1983, as well as to the Declaration of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence. 18/ He also referred to the meetings of the Security Council of May and October 1983, and to Security Council resolutions 532 (1983) and 539 (1983). He stated that despite the unanimous demand of the international community on South Africa to co-operate in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), the racist r~gime had continued to prevaricate and delay implementation of the resolution. 122. The President concluded his statement by appealing for moral, political and material support to be given to the people of Namibia to enable them to intensify their just liberation struggle for self-determination and national independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 123. The Committee adopted a resolution on Namibia in which it commended the Namibian patriots and the combatants of PLAN for intensifying the struggle on all fronts and for scoring decisive victories against the South African racist forces of occupation; strongly condemned racist South Africa for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its persistent defiance of the authority of the United Nations and the destabilization of the entire southern region of Africa; further -20- condemned South Africa's continued use of Namibia as a springboard for aggression and destabilization of independent African States; and condemned racist South Africa for its sinister attempts to impose neo-colonial institutions on the Namibian people, to prop up puppet political alliances and to legitimatize an internal settlement. The Committee welcomed Security Council resolution 539 (1983) by which the Council had clearly and categorically rejected the so-called linkage as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978), other decisions of the Security Council on Namibia, and the resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960. It decided, in the light of the 100 years of foreign occupation of Namibia, to recommend to its Council of Ministers that it suggest to the twentieth Assembly of Heads of State and Government that a critical review of the independence process of Namibia be undertaken so-that the Assembly might adopt appropriate measures for accelerating Namibia's independence. It called upon OAU member States which had not yet done so to respond urgently to the implementation of the Arusha Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia 19/ and further called for the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, under Chapter VII of the Charter, against racist South Africa to compel it to accede to Namibia's independence. It appealed to the international community to increase its material, financial and military assistance to the front-line States to enable them to defend their territorial integrity and sovereignty against South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilization and to assist SWAPO in its struggle for independence. Finally, it renewed its pledge to provide increased all-round support and assistance to SWAPO to intensify further the armed liberation struggle. 124. The Committee, having discussed the situation in southern Africa as a whole, on the basis of the report of its Executive Secretary, also issued an urgent appeal for concrete assistance to national liberation movements, especially SWAPO. The appeal was made following observations which had been highlighted in the statements of the Secretary-General ad interim of OAU, the President of the Council, the representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Siutation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and in the report of the eighth session of the OAU Defence Commission, which had met at Accra in January 1984. B. Fortieth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of OAU, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 7 March 1984 125. The delegation of the United Nations Council for Namibia to the fortieth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of OAU was composed of Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), President of the Council, Mr. Melchior Bwakira (Burundi) and Mr. Theo-Ben Gurirab of SWAPO (see A/AC.131/126). 126. In his statement to the Council of Ministers, the President of the Council, in assessing the critical situation in and around Namibia, said that since his address to the Council of Ministers at its thirty-eighth ordinary session, little had happened to bring Namibia closer to its long-awaited independence. Indeed, the efforts to liberate Namibia appeared to have receded even further. Not only did the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), remain unimplemented but elements completely unrelated to it had been introduced to delay further its implementation. The obstacle to the implementation of the plan remained the obduracy of the racist Pretoria r4gime, whose intransigent policies received support from some of its Western allies, in particular the United States. Meanwhile, the people of Namibia remained the victims of aggression, repression and exploitation and their territory continued to be plundered and impoverished. -21-

127. The President recalled the meetings of the Security Council on the question of Namibia in May and October 1983 which had led to the adoption of resolutions 532 (1983) and 539 (1983). He stressed that by those resolutions, the Security Council had once more condemned South Africa for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia in flagrant defiance of resolutions of the General Assembly and decisions of the Security Council; rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978); and reiterated that resolution 435 (1978), embodying the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, was the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian problem. 128. He stated that the Council would redouble its efforts to bring about the early exercise by the Namibian people of their right to self-determination and independence and that it would continue to formulate concrete, action-oriented programmes to advance further the speedy realization of that objective. The Council would also continue to promote greater public awareness of the Namibian auestion through the preparation and dissemination of materials on all aspects of the situation in and relating to Namibia and the organization of seminars and symposia. 129. The President concluded his statement by saying that Namibia remained the biggest challenge on the decolonization agenda of OAU and the United Nations. The Council remained convinced that the heroic struggle for self-determination and genuine independence waged by the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, with the sustained support of the frontline States, OAU, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries and the international community, would ultimately come to a successful culmination. The Council would continue to work in close collaboration with OAU to help the people of Namibia shake off the colonial yoke and achieve their independence and sovereignty in a united Namibia. 130. Mr. Peter Mueshihange, the Secretary for Foreign Relations of SWAPO, also made a statement in which he condemned the intransigence of South Africa in refusing to implement Security Council resolution 435 (1978). He assured the Council of Ministers that SWAPO would continue the armed struggle until victory was attained. 131. The Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on Namibia (A/39/207, annex, CM/Res. 934 (XL)). By this resolution, the Council commended the Namibian patriots and combatants of PLAN for intensifying the struggle on all fronts and for scoring decisive victories against the South African racist forces of occupation, and strongly condemned racist South Africa for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its persistent defiance of the authority of the United Nations, its continued destabilization of the entire southern region of Africa and its sinister attempts to impose neo-colonial institutions on the Namibian people. It welcomed Security Council resolution 539 (1983), by which the Council had clearly and categorically rejected the so-called linkage as incompatible with the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. It decided, in the light of the 100 years of foreign occupation of Namibia, to recommend to the Assembly of Heads of State and Government at its twentieth ordinary session that a critical review of the independence process of Namibia be undertaken so that the Assembly might adopt appropriate measures for accelerating Namibia's independence. It also called for the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, under Chapter VII of the Charter, against racist South Africa to compel it to accede to Namibia's independence. It appealed to the international community to increase its material, financial and military assistance to the front- line States in order to enable them -22- to defend their territorial integrity and sovereignty against South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilization and to assist SWAPO in its struggle for independence. Finally, the Council of Ministers renewed its pledge to provide increased all-round support and assistance to SWAPO so that it might further intensify the armed liberation struggle. 132. The Council of Ministers also adopted a resolution on the situation in southern Africa (A/39/207, annex, CM/Res. 936 (XL)) in which it undertook to consider appropriate ways and means of helping the liberation movements in southern Africa to pursue the struggle for the independence of Namibia and the elimination of apartheid in South Africa. 133. In a statement issued in New York on 23 May 1984 concerning the visit to Western Europe (Portugal, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, France, Italy and the Vatican) of the Prime Minister of South Africa, the African Group of States at the United Nations said that the visits had been contrived to undermine the international call and campaign to isolate the apartheid regime and earn it a stamp of approval in the pursuit of its policies of entrenching apartheid, destabilizing front-line and neighbouring countries and liquidating the just struggle of the people of South Africa for a non-racial society based on majority rule. 134. The Group also stated that such visits would not only have been inimical to the aspirations of the struggling people of South Africa, but also would have contradicted the numerous resolutions of the United Nations, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries and OAU, which had called for the total isolation of the South African apartheid r6gime. It further called upon the Western countries to cancel the proposed visits and join the international campaign to rid the world of the diabolical system of apartheid, which had been universally condemned as a crime against humanity and a threat to world peace. -23-

CHAPTER VI CO-OPERATION WITH THE MOVEMENT OF NON-ALIGNED COUNTRIES 135. In accordance with its usual practice of maintaining close co-operation with the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, the Council participated in the Meeting of Ministers and Heads of Delegation of Non-Aligned Countries to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session, held at United Nations Headquarters in October 1983, the Conference of the Ministers of Information of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Jakarta in January 1984, and the Third Conference of Labour Ministers of Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, held at Managua in May 1984. The Council also sent a high-level Mission to consult with the Chairperson of the Movement of the Non-Aligned Countries from 16 to 18 May 1984. 136. The Meeting of Ministers and Heads of Delegation of Non-Aligned Countries to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session, held in New York from 4 to 7 October 1983, gave priority consideration to the question of Namibia. The final communique adopted at the conclusion of the meeting (A/38/495-S/16035, annex, paras. 25-32) contained, inter alia, a declaration on Namibia. The Ministers and Heads of Delegation reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and national independence in a united Namibia, including Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands. They reiterated their solidarity with the Namibian people and support for their heroic struggle waged under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole, authentic and legitimate representative, for the liberation of their country. 137. The meeting strongly condemned the racist r~gime of South Africa for its continued illegal colonial occupation of Namibia, against the just demands of the people of the Territory for freedom and self-determination, in flagrant violation and utter defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions. It further condemned racist South Africa for its continued violent repression of the Namibian people, its massive militarization of the Territory and its arrogant use of Namibia as a springboard for committing unprovoked acts of subversion, aggression and destabilization of neighbouring independent States, particularly Angola, part of whose territory remained under the occupation of the racist troops. 138. The meeting expressed its strong indignation at the continued non- implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia embodied in Security Council resolution 435 (1978). In this regard, the meeting firmly condemned and rejected persistent attempts by the United States and racist South Africa to obstruct the implementation of the United Nations plan by insisting on "linkage" and "parallelism" between the independence of Namibia and extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola, and unequivocally emphasized that such attempts not only retarded the decolonization process for Namibia, but also constituted a reprehensible and gross interference in the internal affairs of Angola. The meeting called upon the United States to desist from such unwarranted insistence. 139. The Ministers and Heads of Delegation expressed their firm determination to counter all attempts to undermine the central role of the United Nations Security Council in the implementation of resolution 435 (1978) and urged the Security Council to assume fully its responsibilities, including taking urgent action to implement its decisions, if necessary by the adoption of enforcement measures against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter. -24-

140. The meeting condemned the Pretoria r~gime for establishing a so-called State Council in Namibia to draw up a "Constitution" for the Territory, in violation of Security Council resolution 439 (1978) and other relevant United Nations resolutions. It urged member States and the rest of the world community not to accord any recognition to such bogus arrangements made by racist South Africa in order to perpetuate its colonial domination and exploitation in Namibia. 141. The meeting reiterated the conviction of the member States that the oppressed Namibian people were fully Justified in their resolve to intensity their struggle on all fronts by every means at their disposal, including, in particular, armed struggle, to wrest their freedom from the racist illegal occupiers. To that end, the Ministers and Heads of Delegation renewed the pledge of the member States to render sustained and increased assistance to SWAPO to accomplish the task of liberating Namibia. The meeting reiterated its full support for the Council in its role as the sole legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence and encouraged the Council to intensify its activities so as to effect a world-wide isolation of the apartheid r6gime. 142. The Council was represented at the Conference of the Ministers of Information of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Jakarta from 26 to 30 January 1984, by Mr. Hardikun Supandar of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. 143. Although the Jakarta meeting was convened principally to discuss matters related to information and communications, the Declaration issued at the conclusion of the meeting (see A/39/139-S/16430, annex) included significant references to the situation in southern Africa. The Conference expressed the view that all those committed to freedom in southern Africa should educate public opinion and consider possibilities of new levels of action commensurate with the growing crisis in order to provide effective support to the liberation struggle, which had made great advances in recent years. The Conference shared the concern expressed by various representatives regarding the deteriorating situation in southern Africa and over the military build-up and acquisition of nuclear weapons capability by the South African racist r~gime, which posed a threat to the peace and security of the entire region. The Conference further condemned South Africa's acts of military aggression in the region, in general, and against Angola, Mozambique and Lesotho, in particular. 144. The Conference vigorously condemned South Africa's military occupation of parts of southern Angola in violation of the national sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the People's Republic of Angola. It also condemned the repeated invasion of Angola by the South African army and considered the occupation of Angolan territory as an act of aggression against the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. It demanded the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the South African troops occupying Angola's territory and reiterated its support for and solidarity with the people and the Government of Angola in its effort to consolidate its independence and safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity. 145. The situation in southern Africa was also a subject of consideration at the Third Conference of Labour Ministers of Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, held at Managua from 10 to 12 May 1984. A resolution adopted by the Conference confirmed once again the inherent and inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and independence; condemned the South African r~gime for Persisting in its illegal occupation of Namibia and its policy of apartheid; paid tribute to SWAPO for the constructive attitude which it had repeatedly adopted with a view to facilitating the finding of a political solution to the question of Namibia in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978); called upon all -25-

States, particularly the non-aligned and other friendly countries, as well as United Nations bodies and solidarity movements, to extend and intensify moral support and political and material assistance to SWAPO and to the national liberation movements of South Africa recognized by OAU to enable them to pursue their armed struggle for the total liberation of Namibia and South Africa; and urged all Governments and international organizations to sever contacts with the racist regime of South Africa. 146. A representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries participated in the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984, including the solemn meeting to observe Africa Liberation Day on 25 May. In a message to the Council on the occasion of the meetings, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Chairperson of the Movement, stressed that the Movement had irrevocably identified itself with the aspirations of the Namibian people and stood with them in their valiant struggle for liberation. She stated further that the Council had the Movement's full support. 147. Representatives of the Chairperson also participated in the solemn meetings of the Council in observance of the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO (27 October to 2 November 1983) and Namibia Day (27 August 1984). 148. The Council sent a high-level mission to New Delhi to hold consultations with the Chairperson of the Movement from 16 to 18 May 1984. The mission was led by Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), President of the Council, and consisted additionally of three vice-presidents, namely, Messrs. Natarajan Krishnan (India), A. Coskun Kirca (Turkey) and Ignac Golob (Yugoslavia). The mission was sent with the purpose of acquainting the Chairperson with the latest developments pertaining to Namibia and discussing the role that the Movement had played and could play, in co-operation with the Council, to mobilize greater support for the Namibian cause and to assist in the early achievement of independence by Namibia. 149. The Co-ordinating Bureau of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries met in New York on 6 June 1984 to express its grave concern at the official visits by Mr. Pieter W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa, to several Western European countries. 150. In a communiqu6 issued on the same day (A/39/294-S/16605, annex), the Bureau noted that the Prime Minister of the racist r~gime of South Africa was utilizing those visits to undermine the international call and campaign to isolate the apartheid r6gime. It further noted that he was attempting to obtain the stamp of approval for the r~gime's declared policies of entrenching apartheid, destabilizing the front-line and neighbouring States militarily, politically and economically, continuing its illegal occupation and exploitation of Namibia and systematically liquidating the just struggle of the people of South Africa for a non-racial society based on majority rule. 151. The Bureau expressed appreciation that the peoples of the Western European countries concerned had already joined in the international campaign to rid the world of the abhorrent system of apartheid, which had been universally condemned as a crime against humanity and a threat to world peace, and called upon the Governments of the Western European countries to retract from their present position and abide by the United Nations resolutions and actively to join in that campaign. The Bureau called upon the Governments of the countries then yet to be visited by the racist Prime Minister to cancel the visits. It further called upon the Governments of the Western European countries not to accept any invitation to visit racist South Africa. -26-

PART TWO WORK OF THE COUNCIL AS THE LEGAL ADMINISTERING AUTHORITY FOR NAMIBIA CHAPTER I GENERAL 152. In its capacity as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, the Council has the power to promulgate such laws and decrees as are necessary for the administration of the Territory. It also maintains under constant review the political, economic, social and military conditions affecting the struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. These powers and responsibilities were entrusted to the Council by the General Assembly in resolution 2248 (S-V) and subsequent resolutions and decisions concerning Namibia. 153. By virtue of the mandate conferred on it by the General Assembly, the Council enacted Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 2/ on 27 September 1974, in order to ensure that the Territory's resources would not be exploited to the detriment of the Namibian people. 154. The Council holds periodic consultations with Governments and other bodies with a view to strengthening support for the cause of Namibia and discussing ways and means of furthering the implementation of the relevant resolutions, decisions and decrees of the Security Council, the General Assembly, the United Nations Council for Namibia and other United Nations bodies concerned with the question of Namibia. During the period under review, the Council dispatched three missions of consultation: one to Western Europe, another to Latin America and a third to the Asia-Pacific region. A mission was also sent to Western Europe to seek legal advice on the implementation of the Decree. 155. The Council also has the responsibility of representing Namibia in the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system. The Council continued during the period under review to participate as a full member in the activities of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, UNCTAD, UNIDO, the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ILO, FAO, UNESCO and ITU. On 17 February 1983, the Council was granted full membership in IAEA. 156. Another important function of the Council is the dissemination of information on the question of Namibia and the mobilization of international public opinion in support of the Namibian people in their struggle for national independence. To this end, the Council held extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984. The Council also organized and held two symposia and two seminars as follows: Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 19841 Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984; Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984; and a Seminar in North America on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984. -27-

CHAPTER II ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION IN AND AROUND NAMIBIA A. Political matters concerning Namibia 157. More than 17 years have elapsed since the General Assembly terminated South Africa's mandate over Namibia and assumed direct responsibility for the Territory, to be exercised through the United Nations Council for Namibia. The Council, as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, has been entrusted with the responsibility of defending the rights and interests of the Territory and its people. 158. In the exercise of its responsibilities as the legal Adminstering Authority for Namibia until independence, the Council has been guided by the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other resolutions adopted by the Assembly on the question of Namibia. In conformity with the mandate entrusted to it under Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V), the Council has exerted all efforts to obtain the withdrawal of the illegal South African administration from the Territory and to support the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination, freedom and national independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. In the fulfilment of its mandate, the Council has received extensive support from the international community, including governmental and non- governmental organizations. 1. Continued illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa 159. During the period under consideration, Namibia remained the focus of global attention as the international community continued to review the political situation in and around the Territory. In a number of forums the international community articulated the global consensus concerning the heightened threat to international peace and security resulting from South Africa's continued illegal occupation of the Territory in defiance of numerous United Nations resolutions, its brutal repression of the Namibian people and its constant acts of aggression against the African States in the region. 160. At the same time, South Africa sought further to entrench its illegal occupation of Namibia through the massive militarization of the Territory and brutalization of the Namibian people, as well as detention and assassination of supporters and members of SWAPO. It defiantly refused to co-operate in the implementation of United Nations resolutions, particularly Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which the international community regards as the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. 161. South Africa continued in its attempts to impose on the people of Namibia puppet institutions in contravention of Security Council resolution 439 (1978), which declared null and void any unilateral electoral measures taken by the illegal administration, as well as any institutions established as a result of such elections. 162. Following the collapse in mid-January 1983 of its Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) "internal administration", the racist r4gime announced the creation of yet another puppet institution, the so-called Council of State. Ironically for -28-

South Africa, all of the so-called internal parties in Namibia, with the exception of DTA which had been abandoned by the rigime earlier in the year, rejected participation in the proposed State Council. 20/ As a result, the South African- appointed Administrator-General announced postponement of plans to set up a "State Council". 21/ The deferral reflects yet another failure of the occupying rdgime's numerous attempts to amalgamate the anti-SWAPO fronts. 163. In view of its repeated failed attempts at imposing "internal schemes" on the Namibian people, the racist regime sponsored yet another political coalition as an "internal alternative to SWAPO" in the form of the Multi-Party Conference (MPC). 164. At the Lusaka Conference which was held from 10 to 13 May 1984 and which was the first direct encounter between South Africa and SWAPO since the failure of the pre-implementation meetings in January 1981, the occupation r6gime expressed the hope that MPC and SWAPO would form a "government of national unity". 165. Conversely, SWAPO President Sam Nujoma stated that his delegation had been fully mandated by the Central Committee of SWAPO to sign a cease-fire at the meeting and to proceed with the overall implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 166. The Lusaka talks failed because the members of the South African sponsored MPC refused to call for the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and persisted in the attempt to link the question of Namibian independence to extraneous and irrelevant issues such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. 2. Efforts to counter attempts aimed at modifying Security Council resolution 435 (1978) 167. As the legal Administering Authority for Namibia, the Council has, since its inception in 1967, worked untiringly for the establishment of a free and genuine independent Namibia. In that respect, it has taken measures to mobilize international public opinion in support of the efforts to end South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia through the immediate and unconditional implementation of the United Nations plan embodied in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) without modification, dilution or prevarication. 168. Despite the continued willingness of the front-line States and SWAPO to implement fully the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, no progress has been made towards its implementation owing to the persistent manoeuvres of the five members of the Western Contact Group and South Africa, manifested particularly in the United States' insistence on the notion of linkage. 169. The persistent attempts by racist South Africa and the United States to link the Namibian question to extraneous and irrelevant issues have continued to be denounced and rejected in a number of international forums as manoeuvres designed solely to justify the illegal occupation of Namibia and to delay the independence of the Territory. 170. It will be recalled that, in May 1983, the Secretary-General reported to the Security Council 11/ on his efforts concerning the implementation of Security Council resolutions 435 (1978) and 439 (1978). Following consideration of that report, the Security Council adopted resolution 532 (1983), by which it condemned Sout Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia and mandated the SecretaryGeneral to undertake consultations with the parties to the proposed cease-fire. -29-

171. At its nineteenth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 6 to 12 June 1983, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU adopted a special resolution on Namibia (see A/38/312, annex, resolution AHG/Res.105 (XIX)) by which it declared, once again, that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remained the only basis for a negotiated Namibian settlement and urged the expeditious implementation of that resolution without any further delay, qualification or prevarication. Furthermore, the Assembly welcomed the report of the Secretary-General of 19 May 1983 11/ and expressed its readiness to assist his efforts with a view to securing the speedy implementation of resolution 435 (1978). It decided to mandate the Council of Ministers of OAU to keep the question of Namibia under constant review and to report to the Assembly, through its current Chairman, on the progress in respect of Security Council resolution 532 (1983). 172. In August 1983, in pursuance of his mandate, the Secretary-General visited South Africa and Angola for consultations on the early implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). On 29 August, the Secretary-General issued a report 14/ on his visit to southern Africa in which he concluded that "the position of South Africa regarding the issue of the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola as a pre-condition for the implementation of resolution 435 (1978) still makes it impossible to launch the United Nations plan". 173. On 28 October 1983, the Security Council, by a vote of 14 to none, with 1 abstention (the United States), adopted resolution 539 (1983) on the question of Namibia by which it expressed indignation that South Africa's insistence on an irrelevant and extraneous issue of "linkage" had obstructed the implementation of resolution 435 (1978); rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978), other decisions of the Security Council and the resolutions of the General Assembly on Namibia; reiterated that resolution 435 (1978), embodying the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, was the only basis for a peaceful settlement; took note that the consultations undertaken by the Secretary-General had confirmed that all the outstanding issues relevant to resolution 435 (1978) had been resolved; affirmed that the electoral system to be used for the elections of the Constituent Assembly should be determined prior to the adoption by the Security Council of the enabling resolution for the implementation of the United Nations plani called upon South Africa to co- operate with the Secretary-General and to communicate to him its choice of the electoral system in order to facilitate the immediate and unconditional implementation of the United Nations plan embodied in resolution 435 (1978)1 requested the SecretaryGeneral to report to the Security Council on the implementation of resolution 539 (1983) no later than 31 December 1983; and decided to meet as soon as possible following the Secretary-General's report for the purpose of reviewing progress on the implementation of resolution 435 (1978) and, in the event of continued obstruction by South Africa, to consider the adoption of appropriate measures under the Charter. 174. In his subsequent report of 29 December 1983, 16/ the Secretary-General informed the Security Council that his talks with the representatives of the South African Government had not led to any further progress regarding the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. 175. The Heads of State or Government of the front-line States, the Foreign Minister of Botswana and the President of SWAPO reiterated their position in a joint communique, issued on 12 November 1983. They paid tribute to the -30-

Secretary-General's efforts to negotiate a peaceful solution to the Namibian problem, deplored South Africa's obstinacy in frustrating the United Nations efforts to bring Namibia to freedom and independence and reiterated their complete rejection and condemnation of any attempt by South Africa and the United States to link the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola with the independence of Namibia. In this connection, they expressed full support for the Angolan position on this matter. They called upon South Africa to comply with Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which provided the only valid basis for achieving a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. 176. The front-line States noted with indignation that South Africa had continued its illegal occupation of southern Angola in complete disregard of Angolan territorial integrity and sovereignty. In this connection, they deplored the silence of the Western Powers over South Africa's criminal aggression against Angola and reiterated their grave concern at the continuing acts of destabilization of front- line and other States in the region by South Africa. They condemned the unprovoked acts of aggression, particularly the recent raids, the violation of the territorial integrity of Mozambique and the continued occupation of Angolan territory by South Africaj and called upon all peace- and freedom-loving nations of the world to increase their material, diplomatic, political and moral support to the recognized liberation movements in South Africa and Namibia. 177. In their final communiqu6 issued at New Delhi on 30 November 1983 (see A/38/707-S/16206, annex, para. 16), the Commonwealth Heads of Government declared that Namibia was the most immediate of the remaining issues in southern Africa. They were in full agreement on the need, without further delay, to bring about the independence of Namibia through the full and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Hopes that such independence might be imminent had been frustrated when the United States and South Africa had insisted on the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola as a pre-condition. The Heads of Government, reflecting the view of the international community as a whole, firmly rejected any attempt to link the independence of Namibia with the withdrawal of Cuban troops. They declared that South Africa's occupation of Namibia was illegal, and acquiescence by any member of the international community in South Africa's attempt to undermine the central role of the United Nations in that matter struck at the fabric of international order. In support of Security Council resolution 539 (1983), the Heads of Government urged members of the Contact Group to exercise their influence to secure the speedy and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). If South Africa continued to obstruct the implementation of resolution 435 (1978), the appropriate measures under the Charter of the United Nations would have to be considered. 178. At its thirty-eighth session, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/36 A, by which it reaffirmed once more the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and national independence in a united Namibia. The Assembly also reaffirmed the legitimacy of the struggle of the Namibian people by all means, including armed struggle, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. It firmly rejected the persistent attempts by the United States and South Africa to establish any linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and any extraneous issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola, and emphasized unequivocally that any such attempts were designed to delay the decolonization process in Namibia and constituted interference in the internal affairs of Angola. -31-

179. By resolution 38/36 B, the General Assembly reiterated that Security council resolution 435 (1978) was the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the question of Namibia and demanded its immediate and unconditional implementation without qualification, modification or amendment or the introduction of extraneous and irrelevant issues of "linkage", "parallelism" or "reciprocity" insisted upon by the United States and South Africa. The Assembly requested the Security Council to exercise its authority with regard to the implementation of its resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978) and 532 (1983), so as to bring about the independence of Namibia without further delay. Furthermore, the Assembly urged the Security Council to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter in order to ensure the total cessation of all co-operation with that r6gime. 180. In its final communiqu4 (see A/39/131-S/16414 and Corr.l, annex I), the Fourth Islamic Summit Conference, meeting at Casablanca from 16 to 19 January 1984, reaffirmed its support for the people of Namibia in their struggle against colonialism. 181. The OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa, meeting at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984, adopted a resolution on Namibia wherein it welcomed Security Council resolution 539 (1983), by which the Council had clearly and categorically rejected the so-called policy of linkage as incompatible with its resolution 435 (1978). The Committee called for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter against South Africa in order to compel it to accede to Namibia's independence. It further pledged to provide increased support and assistance to SWAPO to intensify further the armed liberation struggle. Furthermore, the Committee decided, in the light of the 100 years of foreign occupation of Namibia, to recommend to the Council of Ministers of OAU that it suggest to the Assembly of Heads of State and Governments of OAU at its twentieth ordinary session that a critical review of the independence process of Namibia be undertaken so that the Assembly might adopt appropriate measures for accelerating Namibia's independence. 182. In a joint declaration issued on 19 March 1984, 22/ the Governments of Angola and Cuba expressed their solidarity with the struggle being waged by the peoples of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 183. They further stated that they would reinitiate, by their own decision and in the exercise of their sovereignty, the execution of the gradual withdrawal of Cuban forces as soon as the following requirements were met: unilateral withdrawal of South African troops from Angolan territory; strict implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and cessation of any act of direct aggression or threat of aggression against Angola by S- th Africa, the United States and their allies. 184. In a Final Communiqu4 issued at the Summit Meeting of front-line States on 29 April 1984 at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania (A/AC.115/L.611), the Heads of State and Government of the front-line States reaffirmed their total and unqualified commitment to the liberation struggle of the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. They called for the rapid implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and reiterated the continuing role of the Security Council and the Secretary-General in the implementation of the United Nations plan, and rejected "the attempt to link the freedom of Namibia with any Angolan Government decisions relating to its security requirements and its internal political structure". -32-

185. For its part, the Council has maintained most recently in the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action (see para. 495) that the United Nations plan for Namibia, contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), remained the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question and reaffirmed the need to proceed with its immediate implementation without modification, qualification and pre-condition. The Council rejected and condemned the persistent attempts by the United States and the South African r4gime to establish any linkage between the independence of Namibia and extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola, recalling that both the General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected this linkage. The Council emphasized the central role of the United Nations in respect of the Namibian question. It also reaffirmed its solidarity with, and support for, SWAPO, the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. 3. Struggle of the Namibian people for national liberation 186. The people of Namibia have continued to intensify their struggle for national liberation and independence at the political, diplomatic and military levels. Under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, they have continued to participate constructively in all efforts aimed at finding a peaceful solution on the basis of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 187. The struggle for national liberation and independence waged by SWAPO has the popular support of the Namibian people. South Africa's attempts to consolidate its illegal occupation of Namibia through the creation of puppet institutions inside the Territory and the detention and repression of Namibian nationalists have failed to weaken the determination of the Namibian people to rid themselves of the illegal South African occupation. 188. It will be recalled that by its resolution 31/146 of 20 December 1976, the General Assembly recognized the legitimacy of the armed struggle waged by the people of Namibia. In this connection, the Assembly has, in numerous subsequent resolutions, continued to call for material support, including military support, to be rendered to SWAPO for the intensification of that struggle. This call has been endorsed by important intergovernmental organizations such as OAU and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. 189. In August 1984, the people of Namibia commemorated the eighteenth anniversary of the launching of the armed liberation struggle in their country. After 18 years of savage attempts by the illegal South African occupation r4gime to liquidate the popular struggle of the Namibian people, PLAN combatants have accelerated the momentum of the armed resistance, and PLAN has succeeded in expanding its ranks, broadening the combat zone and deepening its roots amongst the people, thus enabling it to wage a tenacious struggle against a giant adversary. 190. During the period under review, as a result of the military actions of PLAN, racist South Africa lost large quantities of arms and ammunition, heavy armaments and military aircraft. The extent of its successful attacks on various South African military installations in Namibia forced the occupation r4gime to admit that 1983 was the most active and successful year of military actions by PLAN combatants. 191. PLAN combatants have successfully managed to confront more than 100,000 South African troops. Furthermore, the combat zone currently covers nearly half the country, ranging from the banks of the Okavango River in the north-east to the -33-

"skeleton coast" on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the Namibian- Angolan frontier in the north to the districts of Otjiwarongo and Omaruru in the northern central part of Namibia. The expansion of the operational area by PLAN during 1982 and 1983 forced the South African colonial occupation army to stretch its defence lines by deploying an increasing number of active combat forces in the field. 192. South Africa has been forced to spend over R 3 million a day in its attempt to perpetuate its occupation of Namibia. Despite South Africa's military might, the war of liberation led by SWAPO costs South Africa heavily in men, arms and money and forces it to increase its military expenditure every year. The racist occupation regime has more than 100,000 troops stationed in Namibia in order to control a population of approximately 1.5 million, or one South African soldier for every 12 Namibians. SWAPO has declared that it will intensify the armed struggle for as long as the racist r6gime prevents a negotiated settlement and that it will continue to make the price of South Africa's illegal occupation higher than its benefit. 193. On 20 April 1983, SWAPO held its second enlarged meeting of the Central Committee in Cuanza Sol Province, Angola, to review and evaluate the activities of SWAPO in all spheres of the liberation struggle over the past six years. That activity had been based on the decisions and programme of action adopted by the first enlarged meeting of the Central Committee, held at Nampundwe, Zambia, in July 1976. The Committee adopted new guidelines, including an amended Constitution and a programme of action for the next five years. B. Military situation in Namibia 194. In seeking to perpetuate its illegal occupation of Namibia, the Pretoria rigime has moved large numbers of heavily armed troops into the Territory, recruited mercenaries from a number of countries to serve with SADF in Namibia and launched repeated acts of subversion and aggression against the front-line States. 195. Efforts by the United Nations to curb the growth of the South African military machinery date back some two decades. In 1977, the Security Council, recognizing that the voluntary arms embargo established under its resolution 181 (1963) of 7 August 1963 needed to be strengthened, adopted resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter. By that resolution, the Security Council decided that all States should cease any provision of arms and related mat6riel to South Africa, and called upon Member States to review existing contractual and licensing agreements relating to the manufacture and maintenance of arms, ammunition, military equipment and vehicles by South Africa in the manufacture and development of nuclear weapons. 196. Due to the growing violation of the arms embargo, as well as the continued nuclear collaboration with the apartheid r6gime by the United States and some other Western countries and Israel, the mandatory arms embargo was not successful in stopping the flow of foreign arms to South Africa. The attitude of the Western permanent members of the Security Council has thus far prevented the Council from adopting comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter. In the meantime, the South African r6gime has been building up its domestic military industry, which has obtained licences for the manufacture of many sophisticated weapons. -34- 197. At its thirty-eighth session, the General Assembly adopted resolution 38/39 G of 5 December 1983 on military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. By that resolution, the Assembly condemned any manoeuvres to create military pacts or arrangements with the participation of the racist rdgime of South Africa; strongly condemned the actions of certain Western States and Israel which had provided the racist regime of South Africa with an enormous arsenal of military equipment and technology, as well as assistance in its nuclear plans; and urged the Security Council to take mandatory decisions, under Chapter VII of the Charter, to ensure the total cessation of all military and nuclear co-operation with the racist rdgime of South Africa by Governments, corporations and individuals. 198. At its extraordinary plenary meetings held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984, the Council adopted a Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action (see para. 495), in which it denounced the South African illegal occupation rdgime for its ever-increasing and large-scale military build-up in Namibia, its introduction of compulsory military service for Namibians, its forced recruitment and training of Namibians for tribal armies and its recruitment of mercenaries and other foreign agents in order to carry out its policies of internal repression and external aggression. It called upon all States to co-operate in taking effective measures to prevent the recruitment, training and transit of mercenaries for service in Namibia. 199. A variety of military, paramilitary and police units are deployed in Namibia to strengthen South Africa's illegal occupation and the apartheid system. These include "counter-insurgency forces", which comprise units of the Permanent Force, the Citizens Force, national servicemen, commandos and various paramilitary police forces; conventional forces (army, navy and air force) and "support forces" (commando, logistical support and service units, medical corps, etc.). 200. The size of the South African force in Namibia is generally estimated at 100,000, which means that there is approximately 1 soldier to every 12 civilians in Namibia. The actual number of troops increases considerably when preparations are being made for military attacks on neighbouring Angola. Before each of these acts of aggression, additional troops are mobilized and moved into the Territory. 201. Since the invasion of Angola by South Africa in 1975, increasing use has been made of special units for cross-border raids into that country and Zambia. These raids, termed "hot pursuit" operations or "pre-emptive strikes", have increased considerably in scale and frequency during the past four years. Among the special units employed are the 32 Battalion, the Reconnaissance Commandos, the South West Africa Specialist Unit, the 44 Parachute Regiment and the Koevoet Unit, believed to have been responsible for the assassination of members and supporters of SWAPO. The largest and most active of these special units is the 32 Battalion of Buffalo Battalion, which operates almost entirely inside Angola. 202. in terms of the actual military activities, the "operational area" of the South African military machinery is divided into three sectors: sector 10, with headquarters at Oshakati; sector 20, with headquarters at Rundu; and sector 70 with headquarters at Katima-Mulilo in East Caprivi. Each sector is divided into two to five battalion areas, which are further subdivided into company areas. 203. According to SWAPO sources, the South African racist rdgime has been reinforcing its military positions in Namibia. It has brought fresh squadrons of war planes to its military base at Grootfontein. Its mechanized brigades at Rundu, Ondangua and Oshivello are being reinforced in obvious preparation for further -35- military operations against the Namibian people and Angola. At the same time, the racist army is reinforcing its military bases at Mpancha and Katima-Mulilo. These aggressive military moves by Pretoria coincided with the bombing of the Angolan town of Cangamba by eight South African military planes on 14 August 1983. 23/ 204. By its resolution 432 (1978), the Security Council declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory and that South Africa must not use Walvis Bay in any manner prejudicial to the independence of Namibia. 205. According to reports, however, there is a South African air force base in Walvis Bay and the Marines, a "counter-insurgency" section of the South African navy, has been installed in the enclave as part of a South African plan for the land and seaward "defence" of all ports. The South Africa Infantry Battalion Group, one of the elite units of SADF, is also based in the area. 24/ 206. The attempt by Pretoria to separate Walvis Bay from Namibia is particularly alarming because South Africa could use its forces and bases in Walvis Bay to destabilize an independent Namibia. 207. In a further effort to strengthen its occupation force in Namibia, South Africa announced in March 1982 a revision of its military service requirements that would make all white males up to 60 years of age liable for military training and service in Citizen Force units. At present, South Africa requires all white men to serve in active duty in the defence forces for two full years, followed by regular call-ups to active duty over the following eight years. The new system would require an individual to serve 720 days within the eight-year call-up period, as opposed to 240 days under the existing system. 208. Among the forces deployed by South Africa are units consisting largely of mercenaries. Reports indicate that the Pretoria r~gime is increasingly resorting to the use of mercenaries in order to resist the growing liberation struggle in Namibia and South Africa. A new unit composed entirely of "soldiers of fortune" from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany is reported to have been recently incorporated into the South African army. The new unit will act in full co-operation with the notorious 32 Battalion, also composed largely of mercenaries. 209. Closely related to the strategy of total militarization is the policy of "Namibianization" of the war, which led in 1980 to the creation of the so-called SWA/Namibia Territory Force (SWATF). A proclamation issued in October 1980 extended compulsory military service, which previously had applied only to whites, to include all Namibians between the ages of 18 and 25. This legislation followed the failure of "voluntary recruitment" over a period of five years. 25/ The conscription order met with widespread opposition by Namibians, thousands of whom were forced to leave the country. 210. Press reports indicate that, as a result of forced enlistment plus increased use of extensive emergency powers against SWAPO supporters inside the Territory, one tenth of the Namibian population has been forced to flee into exile. 26/ 211. With the intensification of the liberation struggle in Namibia, many transnational corporations have seen fit to increase security measures and to co- operate closely with the army of occupation. In 1980, the racist r6gime enacted the so-called National Key Points Act with the aim of ensuring collaboration -36- between commercial establishments and the occupation army in the control and defence of key industries and installations in South Africa and Namibia. Some 633 such installations, many of them foreign-owned, have been designated as key points. 212. On 28 March 1984, South Africa announced a 21.4 per cent increase in military spending for 1984. When he presented his 1984/85 budget, Mr. Owen Horwood, the Minister for Finance, told Parliament that the increase would bring military spending to the equivalent of SUS 3.0 billion out of the total budget of $US 20.7 billion. 27/ The increase reflected South Africa's objective of escalating its military presence in Namibia to perpetuate its illegal occupation and to further its war of aggression against the Namibian people and against the front-line States. In addition, South Africa's military build-up in Namibia allows the apartheid rdgime to continue its policy of destabilization in southern Africa. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, South Africa's military expenditure in 1975/76 amounted to $US 1.4 billion. 27/ 213. In a statement made at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, the President of SWAPO stated that, due to high casualties being inflicted on South African troops by PLAN, Pretoria had been forced to spend over R 3 million a day in its attempt to perpetuate its occupation of Namibia. 28/ 214. Certain States and international institutions which have assisted South Africa in meeting its rising military expenditures have continued to collaborate with the Pretoria regime. In particular, those institutions which grant loans and credits, such as IMF, have assisted the racist rdgime in strengthening its military capability, perpetuating its repression of the masses in South Africa, consolidating its illegal military occupation of Namibia and destabilizing the African States in the region. 215. Deeply concerned at the continued assistance rendered to the racist Pretoria regime by certain international organizations and institutions, in particular IMF, in disregard of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, the General Assembly, by resolutions 38/39 A and I of 5 December 1983, urgently called upon IMF to terminate credits or other assistance to the racist minority rdgime of South Africa and urged the Security Council to consider the matter at an early date with a view to taking effective steps to achieve the cessation of further financial loans to South Africa. 216. South Africa has for several years been engaged in a systematic campaign of destabilization of the neighbouring African States because of their support for the liberation struggle in southern Africa. Using the territory of Namibia as a launching pad, South Africa has repeatedly committed blatant acts of aggression against Angola culminating in the occupation of southern parts of that country. It has also extended its acts of aggression to other neighbouring African States. This has caused great loss of life and extensive damage and destruction of property. Women and children and other innocent civilians have been its constant victims. 217. The increased militarization of southern Africa and the acts of aggression and destabilization perpetrated by the South African rdgime have caused unwarranted impediments to the development of the front-line States. Direct military invasions by the racist troops have resulted in the loss of innocent lives and wanton destruction of vital economic and social infrastructures. -37-

218. In its escalating war against the people of Namibia and South Africa and their national liberation movements, SWAPO and ANC, the racist r4gime of South Africa has also subjected Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Seychelles, Zambia and Zimbabwe to subversion, military aggression, incursions and other forms of destabilization. As part of its conspiracy against these African States, South Africa has been recruiting, training, financing and equipping mercenaries in order to generate instability and has been supplying puppet groups with military hardware and funds to launch attacks against the legitimate Governments of these States. A large number of puppets from Angola, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe have been trained to act against the Governments of their respective countries. 219. Since 1981, South Africa has occupied parts of southern Angola as far as 250 kilometres from the Namibian border, with an estimated 5,500 troops operating in the area, 29/ notwithstanding the international outcry and condemnation expressed in numerous United Nations resolutions. 30/ 220. In his statement before the General Assembly on 11 October 1983, 31/ Mr. Paulo T. Jorge, the Minister for External Relations of Angola, stated that reconnaissance flights, aerial bombardments and attacks, mining operations and acts of sabotage against the Angolan economic infrasturcture had been increasing gradually. He went on to say that the disturbing dimension of the escalation of South African acts of aggression had become even more clear through the attack on the village of Cangamba in the province of Moxico, 500 kilometres from the frontier with Namibia. Between 2 and 8 August 1983, six battalions, comprised of bands of soldiers from the UniS'o Nacional para a Independ~ncia Total de Angola (UNITA) and South African commandos and mercenaries, supported by heavy artillery, had carried out several attacks against Cangamba, a strategic crossroad. 221. Mr. Jorge reminded the General Assembly of the enormous sacrifices which the heroic people of Angola had already made and the extremely high price they were paying in thousands of lost human lives and material damage amounting to more than $US 10 billion. 222. The General Assembly, by resolution 38/36 A, once again strongly condemned South Africa for its persistent acts of subversion and aggression against Angola, including the occupation of a part of its terrritory, and called upon South Africa to cease all acts of aggression against it and to withdraw all its troops from that country. 223. On 14 December 1983, in view of the increasing acts of aggression and violence perpetrated by racist South Africa, the Government of Angola requested that an urgent meeting of the Security Council be convened to deal with the worsening situation in southern Angola. 32/ 224. Acting on that request, the Security Council met and adopted resolution 545 (1983) on 19 December 1983, with the United States abstaining. By that resolution, the Council demanded that South Africa unconditionally withdraw forthwith all its occupation forces from the territory of Angola, cease all violations against that State and scrupulously respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the People's Republic of Angola. 225. In December 1983, Angop, the official Angolan news agency, reported that South African forces had occupied the town of Cassinga in Huila Province, about 240 kilometres north of Angola's southern frontier with occupied Namibia. According to Angop, the occupation involved three motorized brigades, four -38- artillery groups and 100 aircraft which flew overhead bombing economic targets as well as schools and villages. 33/ The Angolan forces repulsed an attack by the South Africans in Kuando Kubango Province, over 160 kilometres north of the Namibian border. 226. By its resolution 546 (1984) of 6 January 1984, the Security Council strongly condemned South Africa for its renewed, intensified, premeditated and unprovoked bombing, as well as the continuing occupation of parts of the territory of Angola, and for its utilization of the international Territory of Namibia as a springboard for perpetrating the armed attacks as well as sustaining its occupation of parts of Angola. The Council also demanded that South Africa cease immediately all bombing and other acts of aggression and unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces occupying Angolan territory. 227. In a number of resolutions, including resolution 38/36 A, the General Assembly strongly condemned South Africa's repeated aggression against the African States in the region and called upon the international community to extend, as a matter of urgency, full support and assistance, including military assistance to the frontline States in order to enable them to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity against the repeated acts of aggression by South Africa. 228. In 1981, the Reagan Administration lifted restrictions on the supply of military-related equipment by the United States to the South African r4gime. This action of the United States Administration further facilitated the sale of such equipment directly to the South African armed forces. 34/ This policy has also enabled high-ranking South African military personnel to visit the United States. A number of such visits by senior officers, including the SADF Chief of Staff for intelligence, took place in 1981 and 1982. 35/ United States Department of State officials announced in late 1981 that henceforth, South African military officers would be accepted for training with the United States Coast Guard on a "fairly routine basis". 36/ 229. For several years, Israel has been cited in publications issued by SIPRI and the International Institute for Strategic Studies of London as a supplier of weapons to South Africa. According to The New York Times of 8 May 1982, Israeli officials themselves have acknowledged that South Africa was the leading recipient of Israeli arms. 230. Alarmed at the increasing collaboration by Israel with the racist r4gime of South Africa, especially in the military and nuclear fields, the General Assembly, by its resolution 38/39 F, strongly condemned such collaboration and demanded that Israel desist from and terminate all forms of collaboration with South Africa forthwith, particularly in the military and nuclear fields, and abide scrupulously by the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. 231. The local production and acquisition of arms by South Africa is carried out under the aegis of the State-owned Armaments Development and Production Corporation (ARMSCOR), which the r4gime set up in 1968 in anticipation of the United Nations arms embargo and which relies heavily on manufacturing licences obtained from foreign entities. 232. According to the 1982 SIPRI Yearbook, 37/ South Africa produces the French Mirage fighter, the Italian Aermachi training aircraft, the French-designed Panhard armoured car and the Israeli-designed missile boat, a derivative of the French Crotale surface-to-air missile. It also produces air-to-air missiles, artillery rockets, infantry weapons and a variety of ammunition. The South African arms -39- manufacturing industry which employs about 100,000 people, produces military equipment with varying degrees of adaptation to local conditions. 38/ South Africa also manufactures the G-5 155-millimetre extended-range howitzer, which is capable of being fitted with nuclear warheads. Another advanced weapon produced by South Africa is the G-6, which consists of a G-5 gun mounted on a very fast-moving six-wheel vehicle. The new weapon system, also known as the "Kalahari Ferrari", is expected to go into mass production by 1987. South Africa reportedly plans to include the G-6 among the arms products it makes available to foreign buyers. 39/ 233. The development of South Africa's nuclear capability has been enhanced and accelerated by the collaboration extended to the apartheid r4gime at various levels by certain Western States, particularly the United States, and by Israel, through assistance in uranium extraction and processing the supply of nuclear equipment, the transfer of technology, the provision of training and the exchange of scientists. Such collaboration, together with external financial support for the South African nuclear programme, has encouraged the Pretoria r4gime in its defiance of the international community and has obstructed efforts to eliminate the system of apartheid and to bring to an end South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. 234. Firms in Western Europe and the United States have been heavily involved in the construction and operation of the Koeberg station, South Africa's first commercial nuclear power plant. Dr. Frank Barnaby, Director of SIPRI, wrote in April 1981 that the Soci~t6 franco-am~ricaine pour les constructions atomiques (FRAMATOME), a French-Belgian-United States firm, was supplying the pressurized-water reactors, the French-Belgian company Spie-Batignolles was doing the civil engineering work and the French company Alsthom was furnishing the turbo-generators. Fuel for the nuclear reactors would be supplied by the United States under a contract lasting until 1992 and by Eurofuel, a French-Belgian concern. 4_0/ According to the 1983 SIPRI Yearbook, 41/ France continues to supply South Africa with assistance in building a light-water nuclear reactor which, conceivably, could aid the country in developing nuclear weapons. 235. The Pelindaba-Valindaba centre has been concerned, among other things, with the development of an indigenous uranium enrichment capacity capable of supplying fuel to South Africa's only nuclear power plant at Koeberg. 42/ The Koeberg installation is being developed under the direction of the Electricity Supply Commission of South Africa (ESCOM). According to a paper prepared for the United Nations Centre against Apartheid, 43/ a large number of foreign banks have at various times participated in arranging Eurocurrency credits and Eurobonds for ESCOM. Western banks, particularly French banks, have helped finance virtually the entire cost of the Koeberg project. The leading banks include Cr4dit Lyonnais, Banque de l'Union Europ~enne, Credit Commercial de France and Banque de l'Indochine et de Suez. France is also training South African nuclear technicians to run the Koeberg reactors. 236. The United States is playing an important role in facilitating the acquisition of the required nuclear fuel by ESCOM. In 1982, the United States Secretary of Commerce announced a "policy shift" in that the Administration would allow the export of some nuclear-related items to South Africa. 44/ 237. In May 1982, the United States Secretary of Commerce indicated that since May 1980, five licences had been approved for the export of nuclear-related items, including vibration test equipment, which could be used to test the reliability of warheads and ballistic re-entry vehicles; multi-channel analysers, which could be used to analyse data from numerous cables at a nuclear-test site) 95 grams of helium-3, which could N used to manufacture tritium, a form of hydrogen used in -40- thermonuclear weapons; a Cyber 170-750, a computer which is powerful enough to be utilized to model a nuclear explosion; and a hydrogen recombiner for use in the Koeberg nuclear power plant (see A/AC.ll5/L.602, pp. 12-13). 238. In keeping with the policy of "constructive engagement", the United States gave the South African nuclear programme a major boost in September 1983 when the United States Department of Energy signalled the go-ahead to Westinghouse for a $US 50 million contract to provide services to the two Koeberg reactors. 45/ 239. In violation of international norms and treaties prohibiting the production and use of chemical and bacteriological weapons, as well as of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, the racist South African military establishment is continuing to develop and perfect such weapons for use against the national liberation movements or in case of "critical confrontations" in southern Africa. A number of secret research centres in South Africa, including the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Pretoria, are urgently concluding the production of this type of weapon. In its underground installations, numerous personnel are at work on secret research in the field of chemical weapons, in particular on the use of Sarin, a highly toxic nerve gas. 46/ 240. On 26 May 1983, testifying before the United Nations Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Southern Africa, Mr. Gavin Cawthra, a white South African conscientious objector, stated that South Africa was researching the development of a so-called ethnic biological weapon which could be programmed to affect certain ethnic groups through the use of carefully selected biological viruses directed at the black population. South Africa's development of such chemical and bacteriological weapons not only showed the inhuman and criminal character of the apartheid r6gime, but also portended disastrous consequences for the entire African continent. 47/ 241. In the face of the continued illegal occupation and massive militarization of Namibia and the increased repression by the racist Pretoria r~gime, the people of Namibia, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, have continued their armed liberation struggle. The combatants of PLAN, the military wing of SWAPO, have continued to intensify the armed struggle and have scored numerous successes against the racist South African forces in Namibia, resulting in heavy casualties and destruction of military installations and equipment on the side of the occupation forces. On 13 January 1983, the Financial Times (London) reported that although the casualty figures released by both sides showed discrepancies, both agreed that there had been an increase in South African casualties. 242. In order to counter effectively the aggressive operations of the racist forces against the Namibian people, PLAN forces launched special military attacks against the racist troops in Namibia, particularly in those regions with the largest concentration of South African troops. For example, at Ondangua, as a result of one such attack, several racist soldiers were killed, their military trucks completely destroyed and war materiel captured. 48/ 243. In his address on 26 August 1983, marking the seventeenth anniversary of the launching of the armed struggle by SWAPO, President Sam Nujoma of SWAPO stated: "More than two thirds of Namibia's vast territory of 824,295 square kilometres has seen the armed action of PLAN in one form or another during the last 17 years. Repeated and devastating attacks have been launched by PLAN combatants on the many military bases which the enemy has established throughout our country in the course of the last two decades." -41-

244. These actions by gallant PLAN combatants include derailment of trains carrying South African military hardware and occupationist troops in areas such as Windhoek, Okahandja, Karibib and Keetmanshoop, deep in the central and southern parts of the country. South African strategic sites in cities and towns such as Windhoek, Swakopmund, Ruacana, Ondangua and Oshakati have been, by the racists' admission, wrecked on several occasions by bombs planted by freedom fighters. Pretoria has publicly admitted further armed actions by PLAN in the north-central areas of Tsumeb, Grootfontein, Otavi, Otjiwarongo, Outjo, Okaukuejo and Kamanjab. 49/ 245. Civilian support to the combatants of PLAN in their fight against the South African occupation forces includes, among other things, the provision of protection and shelter as well as vital information on army installations, enemy positions and movements. 246. The military achievements of PLAN prove that Pretoria's sophisticated military machinery, which has been built up through the collusion of certain Western Powers and Israel with racist South Africa, is not invulnerable when confronted by the steadfast determination of the Namibian people to achieve freedom and independence in a united Namibia. 247. In his 1984 New Year's message to the Namibian people, President Nujoma of SWAPO stated: "The enemy has lost large quantities of arms and ammunitions, heavy armaments and aircraft. Successful attacks at various enemy military installations were conducted to such an extent that the enemy was forced to admit and even announce many of our actions and, what is more, it went further in admitting that 1983 was the most active and successful year of operations by PLAN combatants. "The war of liberation will continue until Namibia is totally liberated and genuinely independent. But again I would like to underscore the fact that while the international community supports our just cause, it is the long-held view of SWAPO that it is the Namibians who must fight effectively on all fronts in order to extricate ourselves and our country from racist South Africa's colonial oppression." C. Foreign economic interests in Namibia 1. Plunder of Namibia's natural resources 248. By resolution 38/36 C, the General Assembly reiterated its previous decisions and requested the Council to consider the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia with a view to recommending appropriate policies to the Assembly, in order to counter the support which those interests give to the illegal South African administration in Namibia. 249. Despite repeated United Nations resolutions, the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971 1/ and Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ Western-based transnational corporations and other interests have continued to exploit, in collaboration with South Africa, the Territory's natural resources. The investments of Western and other foreign economic interests in Namibia are also used to continue to support and perpetuate the illegal South African occupation of the Territory. -42-

250. Namibia is endowed with abundant natural wealth, including uranium, gem diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, manganese and other metals, as well as agricultural and fishery products. The Territory's human and natural resources, however, are exclusively controlled by the illegal South African r4gime and other foreign economic, financial and other interests which exploit and plunder Namibia's resources. 251. The breakdown of Namibia's gross domestic product (GDP) by sector reveals the Territory's unbalanced and precarious economic structure. Although mining constitutes almost half of the Territory's total GDP, it employs only 10 per cent of the labour force. Commercial agriculture provides a lucrative income for some 5,000 white farmers who produce more than 95 per cent of the marketed agricultural output. Subsistence agriculture constitutes virtually the only economic activity set aside for the indigenous population and its share of total marketed agricultural output is only 2.5 per cent. Overall, the agricultural sector contributes about 14 per cent to the GDP and 20 per cent to exports. In the past, Namibia's fish resources were economically significant. Since the late 1970s, however, indiscriminate exploitation by South African and other foreign economic interests has seriously depleted the Territory's marine resources. The collapse of the fishing industry has drastically reduced the sector's contributions to the country's GDP. It has also resulted in the loss of several thousand jobs in the industry and has made Namibia's employment problem more severe. 252. It is difficult to obtain statistical information on the Namibian economy due to the apartheid r4gime's policy of combining figures on the Territory with those of South Africa. Figures that are released are carefully selected to give the impression that Namibia is an economically unviable Territory which is heavily dependent on South Africa. However, South African and other foreign economic interests continue to reap substantial profits from the exploitation of the Territory's resources. The gap between Namibia's GDP, which represents the total value of goods and services produced in the Territory, and the gross national product (GNP), which represents the total value after foreign payments are made, shows the extent of exploitation. Studies have shown that over 60 per cent of Namibia's GDP is appropriated as company profits before taxes. In addition, the foreign economic interests which plunder Namibia's human and natural resources also exert tremendous power in determining the economic life of the Territory. 253. The foreign economic interests involved in the exploitation of Namibian resources include some of the world's largest corporations and financial institutions from South Africa, Western Europe and North America (see A/AC.131/15, table I and annex I). All of these corporations conduct their operations by means of licences issued by the colonial South African r4gime. These foreign economic interests were lured to Namibia because of unusually high profits made possible by Pretoria's extension to the Territory of its apartheid system, which essentially guarantees foreign economic interests an abundance of cheap, enslaved labour. 254. In large part, the involvement of transnational corporations in Namibia is accounted for by four principal corporations operating in the mining sector: Consolidated Diamond Mines of South West Africa, Ltd. (CDM), a wholly- owned subsidiary of De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd.; the Tsumeb Corporation, Ltd., controlled by Gold Fields of South Africa (GFSA); the Newmont Mining Corporation of the United States; and Rbssing Uranium, Ltd., in which the Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation, Ltd. (RTZ), of the United Kingdom owns the majority equity capital. The total capital investment of these three principal corporations is nearly 40 per cent more than the Territory's GDP for 1983. The four corporations also -43- account for about 95 per cent of mineral production and exports and hold approximately 80 per cent of the Territory's mineral assets (see A/CONF.120/4- A/AC.131/92, para. 31). 255. In addition, a number of corporations based in South Africa control the fishing industry and firms based in Canada and the united Kingdom are involved in marketing another of the Territory's major exports, caracul furs. TransnatiOnal oil and other corporations supply petroleum and other products to the illegal South African administration and its army of occupation in Namibia, directly assisting the apartheid r4gime's occupation of the Territory. 256. Minerals remain central to the economic structure of the Territory, contributing to almost half of the GDP and making up nearly 90 per cent of the goods exported. Because foreign interests operating in Namibia concentrate on the extraction of minerals for quick profits which are in turn repatriated, other sectors of the economy are neglected to the extent that the Territory has become highly dependent on imports for the most basic requirements, including food. 257. The exploitation of Namibia's diamonds is monopolized by CDM, one of the world's largest gem diamond producers, and the oldest and largest of the mining companies operating in the Territory. CDM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. of South Africa, is itself 30 per cent owned by the Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa, Ltd. CDM has been plundering Namibia's gem diamond deposits, which are the most extensive in the world, since 1920. Its Oranjemund mine operates along a 100 kilometre strip of the southern desert coast. To maximize profits and accelerate the plunder of Namibian diamonds, the sea has been pushed back in some areas to allow mining in the surf zone. As a result of the wanton plunder by CDM, the diamond resources of the Territory are rapidly being depleted and it is estimated that the mine will be exhausted in another 20 years. In recent years, CDM has been heavily engaged in prospecting for diamonds along the Orange River and northwards along the Atlantic coast and has also been exploring for other minerals. 258. Diamond production and exports are controlled by South Africa through the Diamond Board of Namibia and marketed through the De Beers Central Selling Organization (CSO), which buffers market fluctuations through stockpiling and selective sales. 259. Despite the slump in the world diamond market, sales of small stones (under 1 carat), which make up to 95 per cent of Namibia's output, have maintained a large sales volume. Namibian diamonds have high average per-carat value and are noted for their good shape, fine colour and lack of impurities and flaws. Although De Beers has claimed that only 20 per cent of its profits came from CDM, another source has put the contribution of CDM to De Beers total profits at 40 per cent. 260. Namibia is endowed with a wide range of base metals and other precious metals which make up 20 per cent of the total output of the mining sector in value. Copper, lead, aluminium, zinc, silver, pyrite, tin, vanadium, tungsten and tantalite have been found in significant quantities. There are also deposits of other minerals, including coal, iron ore and platinum. 261. The Tsumeb Corporation, Ltd., is the largest producer of base metals in Namibia. In 1983, this Corporation was owned by Gold Fields of South Africa (GFSA), the Newmont Mining Corporation of the United States, Selection Trust Ltd. of the United Kingdom, the O'okiep Copper Company of South Africa and the General -44-

Mining Union Corporation, Ltd. (GENCOR), of South Africa. With its Kombat, Otjihase and Matcheless mines, the Tsumeb Corporation dominates copper production in Namibia, and its smelters process all of the copper and lead produced in the Territory. 262. Apart from copper, lead and silver, the Tsumeb Corporation, Ltd., also mines such by-products as cadmium, white arsenic and germanium oxide. Although the Corporation itself does not mention such information, it is listed in international mining statistics as the third or fourth largest producer of germanium oxide, a mineral reportedly used as a "super chip" in micro-processing and which may also have a limited strategic use in fields such as laser technology. 263. For more than a decade, Namibia's proven and potential reserves of uranium, estimated to be among the largest in the world, have not only heightened the Territory's appeal to foreign mining interests, but have also altered the nature of their involvement. The growing demand for uranium and the attendant economic benefits have strengthened the resolve of foreign economic interests to ensure that the Territory's future is manipulated in such a way as to guarantee their unimpeded exploitation of its uranium. The racist South African r6gime, in particular, regards its continued control over the Territory and its uranium deposits as of vital importance. 264. Currently, the only active uranium mine in Namibia is operated by R6ssing Uranium, Ltd., the largest producer of uranium in the world. The Rbssing mine has the largest open-cast mine in the world and contains most of Namibia's known urani, reserves. R6ssing Uranium, Ltd., is a consortium of Western and South African firms incorporated in 1970. Its principal owners include the British corporation, RTZ, and its Canadian subsidiary, Rio Algom, Ltd., and the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa, Ltd. (IDC) and the General Mining and Finance Corporation (GMFC), both of South Africa. Other owners include Total Compagnie Mini~re et Nucl6aire of France, a subsidiary of Compagnie frangaise des petroles (CFP), and Urangesellschaft mbH of the Federal Republic of Germany. Although RTZ controls 46.5 per cent of the ordinary equity, the British giant owns only 26 per cent of the voting capital. South Africa controls the voting equity through its State-owned IDC, whose weighted voting system gives it veto-power. 265. R8ssing Uranium, Ltd. has a production capacity of 5,250 metric tons of uranium oxide per year. In 1982 it became the second largest profit generator for its parent multinational, RTZ. The mine has continued to benefit from a tax holiday until its capital expenditure incurred in the mine's development has been recouped. 266. As a result of South African legislation allowing gold and uranium mines to defer taxes against initial capital expenditure, R6ssing has not yet paid any taxes. Although it has not been confirmed, it is anticipated that Rbssing will be taxed for the first time on its 1982 earnings. The taxes, however, only become payable at a much later stage when capital depreciation is reckoned. Even then, the impact of full taxes on future earnings is expected to be softened by a deferred tax status built up by R6ssing in past years. 267. Companies from the United States, particularly the Union Carbide Corporation and the Newmont Mining Corporation, are also reported to be involved in prospecting for Namibian uranium. In addition, a number of United States uranium and nuclear corporations have registered as external companies in Namibia. They include Delaware Nuclear, Inc., the Southern Uranium Corporation and Tristate Nuclear Inc. -45-

268. Since uranium oxide from R6ssing and other mines must be enriched and fabricated into fuel rods before it can be used for energy production, it often passes through several hands before reaching its end user. One of the major processing companies in Europe is Urenco, a joint venture of Uranisotopenenttrennungsgesellschaft (URANIT) of the Federal Republic of Germany, Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland of the Netherlands and British Nuclear Fuels. Urenco does not pirchase uranium for resale but is paid to enrich uranium owned by various clients. 50/ 269. The agricultural sector typifies the contradictions inherent in the Territory's colonial economy. Blacks, who make up over 95 per cent of the population engaged in agriculture, are subsistence farmers, and their share of the total marketed agricultural output is only about 2.5 per cent. On the other hand, about 5,000 white farmers own and manage the most important commercially-oriented agricultural activities, namely, cattle raising, dairy farming and the production of caracul pelts. Between them, these agricultural activities produce over 97 per cent of the total marketed agricultural output. 270. Commercial agriculture is overwhelmingly dominated by stock farming, and effectively restricted to white areas. The main market for beef is South Africa. The South African Meat Board sets quotas for Namibian beef exports and in the latter part of the 1970s drought-stri ken white farmers were able to get rid of stock by selling to South Africa at good prices. 51/ Marketing returns indicate that as of the end of 1983, some 47 per cent of the cattle and 40 per cent of the small stock were being slaughtered locally, with the remainder being sent to South Africa for slaughter. 271. The Namibian caracul (Swakara) industry is one of the largest in the world. Namibia provides more than half of the caracul pelts sold to world markets, via computerized selling at auctions arranged by Eastwood and Holt of Canada five times each year in London. The major markets for pelts are in the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States. 272. The coastal waters of Namibia have long been known to be a rich fishing area. After mining and agriculture, fishing is Namibia's most important industry, contributing during the 1970s some 10 per cent to the GDP and accounting for between 10 and 15 per cent of the value of all exports. 273. The organization of the fishing industry is controlled by South Africa and the companies engaged in it are almost entirely of South African origin. As noted above (see para. 251), the wholesale plunder of the Territory's fishery resources by South African and other foreign economic interests has depleted Namibia's pelagic fish considerably. By 1978/79, the pilchard population, in particular, had been reduced to a mere 7 to 8 per cent of its mid-1960s strength. However, recent reports indicated that the 1983 pelagic fish catches were up by 50 per cent over the previous year. 274. Like its mineral sector, Namibia's marine wealth continues to be depleted for quick profit by South African and other foreign economic interests, which have ignored warnings on the need to protect this vital national resource. The future of the fishing industry is further aggravated by the apartheid r~gime's illegal attempts to maintain control over the Territory's marine wealth and fishing industry and to continue, even after Namibia's independence, its colonial occupation of Walvis Bay, the centre of the industry, and 200 miles of sea. 52/ It -46- will be recalled that South Africa annexed Walvis Bay in 1977. The Security Council, by its resolution 432 (1978), declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within the Territory. By its resolution 32/9 D of 4 November 1978, the General Assembly declared that South Africa's decision to annex Walvis Bay was an act of colonial expansion in violation of the purposes and principles of the Charter and of Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and that such annexation was illegal, null and void; and that Walvis Bay was an integral part of Namibia with which it was inextricably linked by geographical, historical, cultural and ethnic bonds. 275. Namibia's commercial and manufacturing sectors produce 10 to 15 per -ent of the GDP and, like the service sector, are completely dominated by South Africa and other foreign economic interests. The manufacturing sector comprises fewer than 300 enterprises, accounts for under 5 per cent of the GDP and employs 10 per cent of the workforce. 53/ Meat canning, the supply of some specialized equipment to the mining industry and some local assembly of imported materials from South Africa comprise the main manufacturing activities. 54/ Using the traditional trading pattern, the illegal South African r6gime, in collaboration with foreign economic interests, exploits Namibia's raw materials, transfers them elsewhere for processing and uses the Territory as a captive market for manufactured goods. 276. The South African presence in the manufacturing and commercial sector is very strong. De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., and the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, Ltd., hold direct and indirect interests in spheres outside mining such as property, building, drilling, freight services, insurance and banking. Moreover, South African chains such as Barlows and OK Bazaars are also very active in the wholesale and retail trade. 277. Financing is mainly generated in South Africa. There have been definite indications, however, that interests from the Federal Republic of Germany are expanding their activities in financing, as in other areas. In 1982, the Dresner Bank of the Federal Republic took control of the South West Africa Bank (SWABANK), which until then had been the only locally owned institution of its kind. Also, branches of major South African banks such as Barclays National Bank, the Standard Bank of South West Africa, Ltd. (STANSWA), the Trust Bank and others are incorporated locally (see A/CONF.120/4-A/AC.131/92, paras. 87-92). Most of the foreign banks enjoy a particularly close relationship with the South African Department of Defence. In the insurance field, South African companies predominate over other foreign companies. 278. In reality, the manufacturing industry is a service industry. Ultimately, racist South Africa's intention is to limit industrial opportunity in Namibia so as to perpetuate the Territory's dependence on Pretoria. 2. Exploitation of labour 279. The economically active population of Namibia numbers over 500,000, of whom some 240,000 are engaged in subsistence agriculture and about 56,500 work on commercial farms. Among the approximately 220,000 engaged in non- agricultural employment, 28,000 are in mining, 7,500 in fishing, 28,500 in secondary sectors and 148,000 are in the tertiary sectors, including 75,000 in domestic service. About 110,000, or almost half of the non-agricultural labour force excluding whites, are migrant workers on short-term contracts and are mainly from the north. 55/ -47-

280. Black workers in Namibia have a long history of struggle. In addition to the repressive conditions to which the labour force has been subjected, it has also been consistently denied the right to organize trade unions. The cosmetic changes in racist labour laws introduced by the illegal South African r4gime in order to placate the labour force and to improve its image abroad have not changed the basic status of black workers. The requirements of the registration laws for black trade unions have made it almost impossible for them to register, and overwhelming obstacles to effective union organization and activity still persist. Moreover, the laws also explicitly forbid trade unions from pursuing political objectives, and the illegal administration in the Territory has been quick to ban union activity at the slightest hint of black trade union power. 281. Namibia does not have a permanent industrial workforce of any significant scale. The very nature of the migrant worker system has prevented its emergence. In recent years, some of the largest employers, mainly the mines, have introduced cosmetic changes to deceive the workers into believing that a stable workforce was being established. However, workers of CDM continue to return for several months each year to subsistence farming. An insignificant number of the Tsumeb Corporation's Namibian workforce has family housingl the overwhelming majority commute over weekends and leave periods because they cannot move their families owing to a lack of housing and other social services. 56/ 282. A recent survey of job categories at CDM revealed that the majority of Namibian workers, both migrant and permanent, continued to fall into the "unskilled" category of lower subgrades. There are only a handful at the skilled level and none in middle management or above. 57/ According to the survey, the minimum wage at CDM was strongly criticized by black workers as too low and not in proportion to the profits the company derived from their labour. 283. Faced with vast disparities in pay, unacceptable working conditions and the fact that the huge profits enjoyed by the mining companies have not been reflected in comparable improvements in wages and working conditions, more and more African workers are being convinced that their best hope for a better future lies with the National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW), a country-wide organization formed in 1978 and affiliated with SWAPO, whose aims it shares. NUNW has operated underground since 1980 when its office was closed and its funds frozen by the South African colonial administration in Namibia. 58/ 3. World action against foreign economic interests operating in Namibia 284. In response to the consistent United Nations position, the campaign against South Africa, certain Western countries and other transnational corporations collaborating with the racist Pretoria r6gime in the exploitation of Namibia's human and natural resources continued to grow and intensify in 1983. In a number of international forums, foreign exploitation of Namibia's wealth has been condemned by the international community and world public opinion. Specific measures to end such exploitation have been taken by some Governments, international organizations, private institutions, municipalities, church groups and individuals. 285. The Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi from 7 to 11 March 1983, strongly denounced the illegal exploitation of the natural resources of Namibia and stressed that the plundering of such resources by foreign interests under the protection of the -48-

Occupying administration constituted a serious violation of the Charter and an obstacle to the Political independence of Namibia. It called upon all countries, transnational corporations and other organizations exploring and exploiting those resources, including the marine resources in the territorial waters of Namibia, in violation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,o9/ which the Council had signed, to comply with the relevant United Nations resolutions and the relevant paragraphs of the Algiers Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia, 60/ in consonance with Decree No. I for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ and to terminate immediately their activities in the Territory of Namibia, Including Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other adjacent offshore islands (A/38/132-S/15675 and Corr.l and 2, annex, paras. 40-51). 286. In its Paris Declaration, 18/ the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence expressed its deep concern at the rapid depletion of the natural resources of Namibia, including its marine resources, which were the inviolable heritage of its people, as a result of the illegal exploitation of those resources by foreign economic interests in violation of the Decree. The Conference strongly condemned such activities, which constituted an obstacle to the immediate independence of Namibia and endangered its eventual economic independence. It called upon the transnational and other corporations to terminate those activities forthwith. It further called upon all Governments to take legislative and other appropriate measures to ensure the cessation of those activities and any new investments in Namibia by corporations under their jurisdiction as well as their compliance with the provisions of the Decree. It supported the declared intention of the Council to make every effort, including the initiation of legal proceedings in domestic courts, to ensure compliance with its Decree. 287. The Conference further affirmed that South Africa and the foreign economic interests which were illegally exploiting Namibian land and marine resources were liable to pay reparations to the Government of an independent Namibia. 288. The Conference strongly condemned the plunder of Namibian uranium and urged those Governments whose nationals and corporations were involved in the traffic or enrichment of Namibian uranium to take immediate measures to prohibit all dealings in Namibian uranium, including all prospecting activities in Namibia. In that respect, it urged the Governments of the three countries which operated the Urenco uranium-enriched plant, namely, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo, which regulates the activities of Urenco. 289. At its nineteenth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 6 to 12 June 1983, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU condemned the policies of certain Western countries and Israel, as well as the transnational corporations that continued to maintain or strengthen collaboration in the economic, military and nuclear fields with the Pretoria rigime (see A/38/312, annex, resolution AHG/Res.ll2 (XIX), para. 10). 290. In the conclusions and recommendations adopted at the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Jos4 from 16 to 19 August 1983, 61/ the Symposium strongly condemned the illegal South African 2artheid r4gime's exploitation of Namibia's natural resources in collaboration with its Western allies and their transnational corporations in defiance of United Nations resolutions and the Council's Decree. -49-

291. Similarly, in its Caracas Declaration for Action against Apartheid (A/38/451- S/16009) the Latin American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, held at Caracas from 16 to 18 September 1983, strongly supported the Council's Decree and declared that South Africa and those foreign economic interests that were rapidly depleting the natural resources of Namibia, Namibia's territorial waters and its exclusive economic zone and sea-bed would be held liable to pay reparations to the freely-elected Government of Namibia. 292. By its resolution 38/36 A, the General Assembly strongly condemned the activities of all foreign economic interests operating in Namibia under the illegal South African administration which were illegally exploiting the resources of the Territory and demanded that transnational corporations engaged in such exploitation comply with all relevant resolutions of the United Nations by immediately refraining from any new investment or activities in Namibia, by withdrawing from the Territory and by putting an end to their co-operation with the illegal South African administration; requested all Member States to take all appropriate measures, including legislative and enforcement action, to ensure the full application of, and compliance by all corporations and individuals within their jurisdiction with, the provisions of the Decreel declared that, by their depletive exploitation of natural resources and continued accumulation and repatriation of huge profits, the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia constituted a major obstacle to its independence; and requested the Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which operated the Urenco uranium-enrichment plant, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo. 293. In its final communiqu4 (see para. 1099) adopted on 5 April 1984, the Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, condemned all external economic and military interests in Namibia and South Africa as impediments to the process of liberation and decolonization in Namibia and South Africa. 294. In the Conclusions and Recommendations (see para. 527) of the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984, the participants stated that the military, political and strategic interests of the major imperialist States, particularly the United States, together with the desire of their transnational corporations to accumulate further huge profits from the plunder and exploitation of Namibia's natural and human resources, were the main obstacles to the speedy and unconditional attainment of independence by Namibia. 295. The Seminar also stressed that the plunder of minerals, particularly uranium, by foreign interests, had provided large revenues for the illegal South African r4gime and other foreign economic interests. The further importance of Namibia for South Africa and other foreign economic interests lay not only in the huge profits that foreign companies were making but also in proven and potential reserves of uranium oxide and base metals. It further concluded that the mineral resources of southern Africa were exploited by transnational corporations in collaboration with capitalist countries which, in turn, justified that exploitation by arguing that those mineral resources were of vital importance to them. The Seminar emphasized that it was particularly necessary to expose the role of South African propaganda in making exaggerated claims as to the importance of the mineral resources, particularly in the United States and the EEC countries. -50-

296. The Seminar recommended to the Council that action to achieve the objectives of its Decree should be taken in national courts of certain Western and other States which permitted transnational corporations under their jurisdiction to plunder Namibia's resources. Where such court action succeeded, the same process should be followed in other national jurisdictions. 297. In its Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia (see para. 495), the Council reaffirmed that the natural resources of Namibia, including its marine resources, were the inviolable heritage of the Namibian people and, in that regard, underscored the importance of the effective implementation of the Decree. It declared that the rapid depletion of the natural resources of the Territory, as a result of their systematic illegal plunder by South Africa and other foreign economic interests, was a grave threat to the integrity and prosperity of an independent Namibia and a matter of deep concern to the Council. 298. The Council condemned the illegal and unscrupulous exploitation of Namibia's resources and called upon transnational and other corporations to terminate all such activities forthwith. It called upon all Governments to take legislative and other appropriate measures to ensure the cessation of those activities and any new investments in Namibia by corporations under their jurisdiction, as well as their compliance with the provisions of the Decree. Furthermore, the Council reiterated its resolve to make every effort, including the initiation of legal proceedings in domestic courts, to ensure compliance with the Decree. Finally, it reaffirmed that South Africa and other foreign economic interests which were illegally exploiting Namibia's land and marine resources were liable to pay reparations to the Government of an independent Namibia. 299. The Council strongly condemned the plunder of Namibian uranium and urged those Governments whose nationals and corporations were involved in the mining or enrichment of, or traffic in, Namibian uranium to take immediate measures to prohibit all such dealingb, including uranium prospecting activities in Namibia; and, in that regard, reiterated its request to the Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which operated the Urenco uranium-enrichment plant, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo. D. Social conditions in Namibia 1. Introduction 300. In the exercise of its mandate as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, established in General Assembly resolution 2248 (S- V), the Council maintains under constant review the current social conditions in Namibia as well as the progress in the social sphere of the struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. 301. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 37/233 C of 20 December 1982, the Council, in consultation with OAU, organized an International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence in Paris from 25 to 29 April 1983. The Conference reviewed extensively the situation in and around Namibia in the context of the situation in southern Africa as a whole and examined in detail practical measures to increase support for the struggle of the people of Namibia for self-determination and independence. The Conference subsequently adopted the Paris Declaration and the report of the Committee of the Whole and the Programme of Action on Namibia. 18/ -51-

302. In the Declaration, the Conference, inter alia, declared that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia constituted an act of aggression against the Namibian people in terms of the Definition of Aggression contained in General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) and that the Namibian people, in the exercise of their inherent right to self-defence, were entitled to avail themselves of all means at their disposal, including armed struggle, to repel South Africa's aggression and to achieve self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. 62/ 303. The Conference demanded that an immediate end be put to the gross violations of human rights, including the immediate and unconditional release of all Namibian political prisoners, whether held in Namibia or in South Africa. 63/ 304. In its Programme of Action, the Conference urged all Governments, the specialized agencies and other intergovernmental organizations to provide increased material assistance to the thousands of refugees, especially to those who had been forced by the apartheid rigime's oppressive policies in Namibia and South Africa to flee into the neighbouring front-line States. 64/ 305. At its thirty-eighth session, the General Assembly, by resolution 38/36 A, strongly condemned the South African r6gime for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia, and declared that South Africa's defiance of the United Nations, its illegal occupation of the Territory of Namibia, its war of repression against the Namibian people, its persistent acts of aggression launched from bases in Namibia against independent African States, its policies of apartheid and its development of nuclear weapons constituted a serious threat to international peace and security. By resolution 38/36 C, the Assembly requested the Council to continue to review the progress of the liberation struggle in Namibia in its political, military and social aspects and to prepare periodic reports related thereto. The present report on social conditions in Namibia was prepared in compliance with that provision. 2. Apartheid in Namibia 306. Despite the universal condemnation of apartheid as a grave threat to international peace and security and a crime against humanity, the racist r4gime of South Africa, in its efforts to perpetuate its illegal occupation and exploitation of Namibia, has extended its abhorrent apartheid system to Namibia in defiance of the United Nations, which has assumed special responsibility for the Territory. Pretoria has imposed upon Namibian society its inhuman apartheid policy and through its policy of racial fragmentation or "bantustanization" has segregated schools, hospitals and other amenities and has enforced gross discrimination against the masses in Namibia in education, health, employment and all other aspects of their daily life. South Africa's policy of racial fragmentation 307. In defiance of Security Council and General Assembly resolutions and contrary to the wishes and aspirations of the Namibian people, South Africa began a sustained effort of imposing its apartheid policy of fragmentation in the Territory in 1964. The creation of a "Commission of Enquiry into South West African Affairs" (the Odendaal Commission), and the subsequent publication of the so-called Odendaal plan for the future of black Namibians, signified the beginning of a sustained effort by Pretoria to divide Namibia into a number of poverty-stricken "homelands". -52-

South Africa's policy of social and racial fragmentation of Namibia was made explicit in the so-called Proclamation AG 8 of 24 April 1980, which divides Namibian society into 11 mutually exclusive groups on the basis of racial, ethnic and tribal origins. 65/ 308. This attempt at fragmentation of the Namibian people is based largely on the "bantustan" system prevailing in South Africa, where Pretoria's apartheid policy not only distinguishes between black and white but also divides blacks according to tribal and colour groups. This policy represents a more sophisticated version of the long-standing colonial strategy of "divide and rule" and is aimed at preventing the African majority from organizing and acting in unison against domination by the white minority. 309. In Namibia, as in South Africa, the division of the population into ethnic groups is the principal means by which the South African r~gime seeks to perpetuate white power, prevent unity among black Namibians and maintain a pool of cheap black labour for South African and other foreign economic interests operating in the Territory, as well as local white businesses. In addition, the African population has been forced into the poverty-stricken "homelands", which serve as reservoirs of cheap labour to be exploited by the white minority and the transnational corporations operating illegally in Namibia, particularly in the so- called "Police Zone". 310. South Africa's attempt to fragment the Territory has encountered the resolute resistance of the Namibian people. The consequences of Pretoria's deliberate policies of social and racial fragmentation of the Namibian people, in violation of international law and morality and in defiance of United Nations decisions, are examined below. Education 311. The system of "Bantu education" imposed by South Africa in Namibia is designed to perpetuate white supremacy. Education for blacks in Namibia is based on the premise that they are to be trained for the subservient jobs allocated to them under the colonial economy. The initial stages of education in Namibia are under the control of the so-called second-tier (ethnic) governments, most of which are in no position to finance public schooling for young children. Education is compulsory for whites, but not for African or "Coloured" children, who are assigned to different schools on an ethnic basis. After decades of apartheid, which resulted in the development of separate educational facilities and dictated that expenditures on white schools far exceed those on black schools, the differences between the two systems are glaring. White schoolchildren enjoy a modern and comprehensive educational system, while educational facilities for black children are non-existent in some areas and mediocre at best in others. There are differences in school facilities, classroom practices, teacher-training programmes, teachers' salaries, teacher-pupil ratios and the amount of money spent per pupil per year. 312. Racial discrimination is particularly evident in the amount of money spent on education for the different races. The illegal South African r~gime ensures that a far larger proportion of the available money is spent on the education of white children. Available information indicates that some SUS 1,500 per year is spent on each white child, which is seven times more than the allocation for each black and "Coloured" child. 66/ -53-

313. As far as school enrolment is concerned, one study indicates that in 1981, 83 per cent of black children of primary school age were in school, but that figure dropped to only 16 per cent for black children of secondary-school age - 12,301 out of a potential 75,436. 67/ The disparity in the statistics of black and white students who complete high school is even more flagrant, since almost all black Namibians are forced to leave school and forego high-school education. 314. The system of bantu education produces teachers and instructors who have not been given sufficient instruction for their posts. There is no university and few technical training facilities in the Territory, and Namibians must apply to tribal colleges in South Africa for almost all higher education. 68/ 315. As a result of these conditions, black Namibians have rejected the bantu educational system imposed upon them by the illegal South African r4gime. In particular, Namibian students have intensified their resistance to the teaching of Afrikaans because it is the language of their colonial oppressor and because it denies them access to an international language such as English. 69/ 316. Despite the desperate need and demand for better schooling facilities and educational opportunities for black Namibians, the illegal South African occupation r4gime has persisted in denying them to black Namibians. The illegal administration has kept schools totally segregated, to the point where it prefers to keep costly educational institutions virtually empty rather than allowing black Namibians to attend. A case in point is the newly established teacher-training college at Windhoek, which was built to accommodate 1,500 students but currently has a total enrolment of only 200 white students. Libraries are also segregated$ the Windhoek Library, for instance, is maintained exclusively for whites. Health 317. The health sector in Namibia is inextricably linked to the apartheid system imposed by South Africa, and is subsequently characterized by gross inequalities. Health services for the black majority are either rudimentary or virtually non- existent while the network of health facilities and services available to whites is comparable to that of the best of any country. 318. Health services for the few who have access to it are not based on the principle of primary health care and are mainly organized through curative institutions such as hospitals, clinics and health centres. Furthermore, because of South Africa's military activities in the Territory, services have deteriorated, clinics have been closed and medical personnel have become more scarce. 319. The major underlying factor contributing to the inequalities in health services is the diverse levels of expenditure provided for blacks and whites. For example, it was reported that the annual per capita expenditure for blacks in 1980/81 ranged from $US 65.84 to as low as $US 5.40 depending on the region, while the expenditure for whites averaged $US 270. 70/ Overall, only about 20 per cent of the health budget is allocated for the "homeland' areas, which comprise most of the northern regions of the Territory. By far the largest percentage of the health budget is spent in the "Police Zone". The recently constructed Keetmanshoop State Hospital, built at a cost of $US 18.2 million, exemplifies the superfluous amount being spent for whites, especially since that hospital houses no more than 23 patients at any given time. 71/ -54- 320. In each "homeland", there is usually one state hospital, which serves as the main referral hospital, and a few mission hospitals, all of which are poorly funded and chronically understaffed. For example, a 400 to 500 bed hospital may have only one or two doctors. 72/ 321. Racist South Africa's policies of racial fragmentation and mandatory inferior living conditions for the blacks are major underlying causes for the wide disparity in the health conditions of.blacks and whites in Namibia. With the exception of commercial farmers, whites live in urban areas where housing is of high quality and they are assured of safe water, sewage disposal and all the conveniences of modern living. Blacks, on the other hand, are forced to live in squalid and unhygienic conditions in the "homelands", and are forcibly kept out of the urban areas by apartheid policies. The few blacks allowed into the areas in order to serve as cheap labour live in overcrowded accommodations. 322. Thus, many of the diseases associated with malnutrition resulting from abject poverty and overcrowded living conditions are common among blacks, but are almost unknown among whites. Such diseases include tuberculosis, measles, diarrhoeal diseases, typhoid fever, malaria and respiratory tract infections in children. Endemic diseases such as bubonic plague have reappeared, especially in northern regions of the Territory, with a total of 166 cases and 2 deaths being reported in 1982 and 352 cases and 5 deaths being reported for the first nine months of 1983. 73/ 323. In mid-1982, SWAPO informed WHO that a hepatitis epidemic had broken out in Namibia. An alarmingly high rate of deaths had been registered in the country, especially in the northern rural areas. The South African authorities in the Territory were making no effort to bring the disease under control. The SWAPO medical staff were treating those affected Namibians who had been brought to the SWAPO medical centres in Angola. According to information reaching SWAPO, during the course of that year, in one district alone, 2,527 people had been affected and 151 were said to have died. 74/ 324. At the hearings on Namibian uranium held by the Council in July 1980, 75/ several speakers indicated that transnational corporations in Namibia such as those running the R8ssing uranium mine had no concern for the health and safety of Namibian workers or the long-term effects on the health of the local population as a whole. 325. The Council was told that the lack of safeguards and standards to protect black workers from exposure to radiation made the mining, processing and transportation of uranium particularly hazardous in Namibia. The health danger had been extended to the whole community due to the ease with which contaminants could be spread through radiation, water, wind and erosion. The dangers most commonly mentioned were lung and skin cancerl increased mortality due to those and other diseases caused by radiation; and genetic damage. 326. It was also stated that the owners of the R8ssing mine practised extreme discrimination in providing health care. While white workers received regular health checks and had adequate medical facilities, the same was denied to black workers. The absence of proper protection created a high risk of radiation-related illness among uranium mine workers, while at the same time threatening future generations of black Namibian workers with genetic damage. -55-

327. The difference between the health facilities provided whites and blacks in Namibia is manifested when the infant mortality and the life expectancy rates between the two races are examined. Statistics show that in 1975 blacks suffered an infant mortality rate of 163 per 1,000 live births compared with 21 per 1,000 live births for whites. 76/ According to a 1982 study conducted by the Africa Fund, the life expectancy for Namibian blacks ranged from 42 to 52 years, compared with 68 to 72 years in the case of whites. 77/ 328. The pattern of disease and sickness engendered by the poor living and working conditions of the blacks in Namibia is exacerbated by the war of repression being carried out by the South African occupation regime against the Namibian people who are demanding their inalienable rights to freedom and self- determination. Civilians are subjected daily to horrific forms of violence, with mass shootings and deaths being common. Even small children are not spared. 329. In addition to the problems of physical health for the black Namibian population, problems in mental health have also risen steadily. The separation of family members brought about by the vicious apartheid system, the conscription of Namibians and the establishment of "tribal armies" for obvious sinister purposes, the random violence by the occupation army against innocent civilians, the countless number of disappearances, the numerous incarcerations without charges and the chilling accounts of brutality and torture related by the fortunate few who survive have forced Namibians to conclude, rightly, that the racist occupation regime is perpetrating a conspiracy of genocide against them. Living conditions 330. As in all other aspects of life, the living conditions of black Namibians are a direct consequence of official legislation and administrative policies. Housing, for example, is governed by discriminatory laws such as the Native Urban Areas Proclamation of 1951, which regulates African residence in urban areas. 331. Housing provided by the occupation r4gime for black Namibians is exceptionally poor, inefficient and uncomfortable for even the most basic level of living. As a result, blacks have been forced to resort to living in makeshift shacks constructed of whatever materials are available. 332. Black Namibians in the urban centres are forced to live in locations geographically separated from the white and "Coloured" areas. Temporary and makeshift camps are a prominent feature of the black townships, where living conditions can only be described as appalling. Health regulations are practically non-existent, thereby creating conditions favourable to the start and rapid growth of an epidemic. 333. Investigations conducted by the local press have revealed that Okahandja, on the main road leading north from Windhoek to the Ovambo region, contains some of the most appalling camps in the country. Two camps in particular, north and south of the town respectively, each housed about 1,000 persons in March 1983, with new hovels being added daily. Between 7 and 12 people lived in each hovel, most of which had corrugated iron roofs. One of the camps had only four water taps for 150 dwelling units containing 1,000 persons. The other camp had no fresh water at all; drinking water was pumped from a reservoir covered with algae and slime. 334. The living conditions of Africans in the rural areas are even worse than in the urban areas. Those living in the reserves and bantustans have to build their own houses with no materials provided. Ramshackle huts and scanty clothing provide the people imprisoned there by the laws of apartheid with no protection from the elements. -56-

335. On white-owned farms, accommodation for labourers is at the discretion of the farmer. Many farmers provide little or no accommodation and many of the workers construct tiny tin shanties called pondokkies for themselves and their families. In recent years, a few farmers have built concrete huts for their workers but these have been no exception to the rule of overcrowding and insanitary conditions. 336. The working and living conditions in and around foreign-owned and operated mining centres for black Namibians are equally appalling. The mines, which dominate the economy of Namibia, rely primarily on cheap and unskilled migrant labour. In the realm of housing and other social infrastructures, the families of workers are neither provided for nor allowed. Workers are hired on a temporary basis and are housed in rigidly controlled hostels and compounds. 337. Apart from the movement of black Namibians in their quest for employment, forced removals by the South African occupation r4gime administration have aggravated the situation. In 1964, the South African r4gime's Odendaal Commission recommended the removal of 28.67 per cent of the black population from their areas of residence to different areas, because their areas had been designated as "white". These mass removals can be classified as the most brutal and inhumane aspect of apartheid, since they entail usurpation, expropriation and dispossession of the Africans' land. The removals also entail total disruption of the people's life and the abandonment of communities and institutions that have taken generations to build. 78/ Status of women 338. The illegal South African administration excludes and discriminates against Namibian women and accords them the lowest consideration as workers. 339. Although some Namibian women are employed in the farming, fishing and packing industries, most of those who are employed work as office cleaners or domestic servants, with monthly wages for the latter averaging a meagre $US 23 for a nine-hour day, seven days per week. 79/ 340. As a rule, Namibian women are not allowed to work as contract labourers and are strictly prohibited from migrating out of the "homelands". They are therefore left behind when their husbands and sons go away on contract, and have to survive on the basis of subsistence agriculture and occasional money sent by their men-folk. The social pathology of migrant contract labour assails most heavily the Namibian women who are left behind to a fate of loneliness and destitution. Not only do they have to perform their traditionally assigned tasks of taking care of the household chores, raising the children and caring for the fields, they also have to take over those tasks traditionally performed by men, such as building shelters, clearing the fields and taking care of the livestock. 79/ 341. Most Namibian women have little or no education, many being forced to leave school at a very early age to seek employment in order to supplement the family's income, or to assist with home-related responsibilities. A 1980 SWAPO survey showed that the illiteracy rate for women between the ages of 35 and 60 years was over 99 per cent. 80/ The few black women who have received some formal training or education are restricted to occupations in the realm of nursing, teaching or subservient office work, with wages that are far inferior to their white counterparts. -57-

342. Of recent grave concern to SWAPO and the international community are the increasing reports of rape of Namibian women. Such cases are generally concentrated in the "operational zone" in the north and almost always involve members of the "security force". In June 1983, for example, three soldiers of the so-called SWA/Namibia Territory Force (SWATF) were sentenced in Windhoek to only five years in prison for raping a 62-year old woman and brutally assaulting her husband in December 1982. 81/ Such cases are usually dismissed when the perpetrators are white. 343. By resolution 38/100 of 16 December 1983, the General Assembly affirmed that women and men should, on the basis of equality, participate in and contribute to the social, economic and political processes of development and should share equally in improved conditions of life. In Namibia, however, black women constitute the most oppressed section of society, deprived in many ways of some of their most fundamental human rights. Moreover, African women in Namibia cannot envisage any meaningful change in their social status and productive role under the present evil brutality of the aprtheid system. 344. Many Namibian women are taking part, through the SWAPO Women's Council, in the struggle for national self-determination and independence. As women, their struggle also involves a daily battle for physical survival. It is a struggle for education, health, child care and participation in political decision- making, and to attain the common goal of all Namibians for freedom and independence. Much of the work of the SWAPO Women's Council is done among refugees in SWAPO health and education centres in Angola and Zambia to avoid being special targets for repression and brutality by the South African forces of occupation in Namibia. The SWAPO Women's Council is also involved in SWAPO literacy campaigns and vocational education programmes. 345. Namibian women have also joined PLAN, the military wing of SWAPO, where they have equal status with men. Furthermore, Namibian women participate actively and represent SWAPO in the international arena, in diplomatic missions, conferences and seminars. 346. In this connection, SWAPO has concluded that "only by actively taking part in the national liberation struggle can Namibian women heighten their own political consciousness, sharpen their class perspectives, broaden their intellectual horizons, give full play to their talents, realize their own strength and increase their own sense of self-confidence". 82/ 3. Repression and human rights violations 347. The Namibian people have been struggling against colonialism, racism and oppression ever since their country was colonized by Germany at the height of the "scramble for Africa" in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The resistance of the Namibian people to colonialism was ruthlessly suppressed by both the German and the South African colonizers, sometimes to the point of virtual extermination of ethnic groups, in particular the Herero. 348. The struggle of the Namibian people for national self-determination reached new heights during South Africa's colonial occupation of their country. Over the last several decades in particular, Pretoria's refusal to withdraw from the Territory, its perpetuation of white minority rule and apartheid in Namibia and its unbridled exploitation of the human and natural resources of the Territory have -58- given rise to widespread and organized resistance by the masses in Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO. 349. In a futile attempt to suppress the struggle of the Namibian people against colonialism, apartheid, oppression and exploitation and to secure their inalienable rights to freedom and self-determination, South Africa has enacted a great number of repressive measures aimed at brutally intimidating and terrorizing the Namibian people. Repressive legislation 350. The South African racist rdgime continues to apply existing ruthless and repressive laws and proclamations as well as to promulgate new ones, in flagrant defiance of United Nations resolutions, particularly General Assembly resolution 38/36 A, by which the Assembly declared that all so-called laws and proclamations issued by the illegal occupation rdgime in Namibia were illegal, null and void. 351. Since 1967, the South African rdgime has enacted a series of laws calling for harsh penalties, including death sentences, life imprisonment and long-term prison sentences, aimed at thwarting the legitimate national liberation struggle of the Namibian people. These acts give the South African colonial police and occupation forces absolute power to carry out mass arrests, to ban organizations and publications opposed to Pretoria's illegal occupation of Namibia and to detain or deport Namibians without trial. They also provide for preventive detention, the banning of meetings, the imposition of martial law and the establishment of "security districts" to stifle the political struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 352. The occupation rdgime has made increasing use of banning orders. SWAPO members released from detention are placed under restriction in their homes or areas where they reside and are prohibited from leaving those areas, attending meetings or receiving visitors. The methods of enforcement and the very nature of these laws and regulations violate the fundamental rules of the international legal order: that human rights be respected without racial distinction and that no person be tortured. Arbitrary arrests and maltreatment of political prisoners 353. In Namibia, general terror is being directed against the population at large by the South African "security forces" in the form of arrests, intimidation, detention, incarceration and cold-blooded murder. Operating under the cover of martial law, which encompasses more than half of the country, the racist forces of repression are under strict order to shoot to kill. Many innocent civilians - men, women and children - are shot on the spot at the mere suspicion of supporting SWAPO. 354. During 1981 and 1982, a number of religious groups, such as the British Council of Churches, the South African Council of Churches and the Southern African Conference of Catholic Bishops, sent delegations to the Territory on fact- finding missions. Reports from all the delegations stated that the South African army of occupation was engaged in brutal mass repression, rape, destruction and murder. 355. In mid-October 1983, an international delegation of Anglican bishops sent by the Archbishop of Canterbury visited Namibia. Accounts given to the press by Mr. Terri Waite, the head of the delegation, revealed that SADF had admitted to the delegation that its forces dressed up as SWAPO combatants and committed atrocities -59- against the civilian population. Civilians suspected of supporting SWAPO faced repercussions ranging from being killed to being beaten, raped or other forms of intimidation. Most of the responsibility for these atrocities was attributed to Koevoet ("Crowbar"), the Special South African Counter Insurgency Unit, whose crimes were confirmed by a recent South African inquest when it was admitted that Mr. John Hamukwaya, a primary schoolteacher, and Mr. Kadume Katanga, a former Angolan refugee, had been killed within hours of being detained for questioning by Koevoet on 18 November 1982. 83/ 356. In a statement delivered to the International Conference in Solidarity with the Front-line States and for National Liberation and Peace in Southern Africa, held at Lisbon from 25 to 27 March 1983, Mr. Sam Nujoma, President of SWAPO, stated that Koevoet was "nothing but a death squad trained for the singular purpose of murdering Namibian people in the vain efforts of the Pretoria racist and illegal regime to cow the Namibian patriots into giving up their support for SWAPO". 357. One of the most disturbing facts of life in Namibia today is the frequent "disappearance" of people after having been detained or abducted. There are no accurate statistics for the number of people who have "disappeared", since families frequently do not report to the police if any of their relatives is missing, for fear of being themselves harassed by the occupation forces. However, reports of such "disappearances" have from time to time been published. 358. SWAPO compiles lists of people who are known to have been murdered by the forces of the racist rigime, or who have been described as "missing", usually after being arrested. In many instances, by the word "missing" it is meant that they were secretly killed by the South African occupation forces. According to evidence compiled by SWAPO, many Namibian detainees are being held in secret prisons and detention camps located in thick forest areas in the Otavi and Grootfontein districts. Many prisoners are believed to be held in underground cells. 359. The General Assembly, by its resolution 38/36 A, demanded that South Africa immediately release all Namibian political prisoners, including all those imprisoned or detained under the so-called internal security laws, martial law or any other arbitrary measures, whether such Namibians had been charged or tried or were being held without charge in Namibia or South Africa. The Assembly also demanded that South Africa account for all "disappeared" Namibians and release any who were still alive, and declared that South Africa would be liable for damages to compensate the victims, their families and the future lawful Government of an independent Namibia for the losses sustained. 360. The International Committee against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism in Southern Africa (ICSA) reports that apart from some 60 or so convicted political prisoners, the majority of whom are thought to be imprisoned on Robben Island, hundreds of Namibians are being held without charge or trial. There is also a growing number of prisoners of war and abductees, many of whom were kidnapped by South African forces during raids into the front-line States. In some cases these abductees, too, have "disappeared". 84/ 361. ICSA further indicates that the number of SWAPO combatants captured in the "operational zone" of northern Namibia is not known. Most of them have simply vanished or are believed to have been killed by their captors. Some 200 people were kidnapped during South Africa's raid and massacre at Kassinga in May 1978. Today, the majority of them are still being held incommunicado by the regime. According to a report released by Amnesty International in April 1983, they are now -60- being held in a detention camp in the Mariental District south of Windhoek where they are subjected to all forms of torture. No charges have been brought against any of the detainees, whose identities have not been disclosed by the Pretoria regime, nor have any of them appeared in court. 362. Other Namibians are being held in prisons and open-air detention centres throughout the country. The prisons are extremely overcrowded, particularly during periods of mass arrests. While the police refuse to reveal the number of detention centres, at least 18 camps are believed to exist. Sanitary conditions are described as intolerable and food as bad and inadeauate. 363. Amnesty International has persistently appealed to the Prime Minister of South Africa to end the practice of detention without trial and the use of torture in Namibia, and has demanded a re-examination of the legal status of all Namibian political prisoners. It has criticized the extensive powers given to the police and the army in matters of arrest and the lack of protection for the detainees. 85/ Terrorization of the general Population 364. The people of Namibia are not only subjected to the institutionalized violence of the apartheid system but also endure an occupation army and a police force which intimidate and brutalize the entire Namibian population. 365. The catalogue of cases of atrocities that are being perpetrated against the Namibian people by the South African troops in Namibia is becoming extremely long and horrifying. The reign of terror in Namibia has also been confirmed by several recent fact-finding missions to the Territory. During 1983, for example, a television crew from the United Kingdom entered Namibia posing as tourists and secretly filmed scenes of torture and brutality in the Territory and interviewed some of the victims. The programme was screened on British television in October of the same year. In addition to the brutality and torture, it also showed how the people's lives had been disrupted by the war. 366. According to Mr. Geoffrey Seed, the producer of the film, among those tortured were children. Many of those interviewed had been detained at least once and almost everyone claimed to have been beaten and given electric shocks. Mr. Seed stated that there appeared to be a real feeling of fear and intimidation among the black community, created by the South African security forces. 73/ 367. According to a report by the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, deaths in detention have also been reported in Namibia, although it is impossible to obtain overall figures due to the refusal of the South African authorities to release details. As mentioned above (see para. 355), a case in point occurred in November 1982 when two Namibians, Mr. Hamukwaya and Mr. Katanga, died in police custody a few hours after they were detained by Koevoet as part of a round-up of at least 25 people in the Kavango region in the north of the Territory. 86/ 368. In November 1983, Mr. Ian Farlam and Mr. Harmuth Ruppal, both lawyers from Windhoek, filed affidavits with the "Supreme Court" urging that the South African isecurity police" be restrained from injuring three detainees. The lawyers stated in their affidavits that "a system has been revealed [in Namibia] in which the security police, particularly Koevoet, displays a propensity to commit unlawful acts against detainees". 87/ -61-

369. According to a report by a fact-finding mission of the British Council of Churches released in early 1982, one particularly inhuman practice of the security forces is to drag the corpses of young men killed because they were alleged to have been "terrorists" through the villages behind their vehicles. The bodies are exhibited to their parents, to villagers, and even to young children in school. 88/ 4. Exploitation of labour 370. In Namibia, the labour force is divided along racial lines. Apartheid exists in the conditions of work, wages earned, the right to organize in trade unions and the types of jobs available. 371. The total black work-force is estimated at 500,000, of whom 240,000 are engaged in subsistence agriculture. The remainder work in the mines, the fishing industry, the secondary and tertiary sectors and in domestic service. 89/ 372. Over the years, the racist colonial administrations have deliberately and systematically turned the African population of Namibia into a captive labour force to ensure an adequate supply of cheap labour for the white economy. 373. By an elaborate system of land and livestock expropriation, taxation and the promulgation of stringent controls, blacks in Namibia have been rendered destitute in their own country. In their destitution, they have been forced to seek employment in the service of whites. In reality, the labour situation as it currently exists in Namibia is one of forced labour since Africans have never become free wage labourers. 374. Migratory labour, of which contract labour is the most tightly controlled form, is an integral part of the South African and Namibian economic, political and social system. About 110,000 Namibians, almost half of the black labour force are migrant workers on short-term contracts. 89/ By forcing this system on the black population, the illegal South African regime and the transnational corporations in South Africa and Namibia receive exorbitant profits from the minimum worker overhead. 375. The migrant labour system has a devastating and far-reaching effect in the social realm. It forces workers to leave their families behind for up to 30 months. Living conditions are squalid and police raids on the compounds are the rule rather than the exception. The racist regime also uses the system as a tool to inhibit political and trade union activity. 376. wages for blacks in Namibia are uniformly low. In 1977, it was estimated that the annual per capita personal income of blacks in Namibia was R 125 per year compared with R 3,000 for whites - a ratio of 24 to I. The standard of living of the vast majority of black wage earners is well below the level of bare subsistence. 90/ 377. The transnational corporations are attracted to Namibia primarily because of the availability of cheap labour. Namibians working for these corporations are employed under a grossly discriminatory system of wages, working conditions and living standards. Although the foreign corporations operating in Namibia and the occupation r~gime refuse to publish income figures, in 1979 it was estimated that in the mining industries the average white wage was 10 times that of black workers, with whites averaging $US 1,222 per month and holding all the top jobs while blacks in the menial jobs earned an average of $US 130 per month. 91/ -62-

378. Namibians generally have no real financial security in their old age and, where pensions do exist, they are paid on a discriminatory basis according to race. While black pensioners may get up to R 50 a month, expenditure on each white pensioner is R 120 a month. 92/ Although migrant workers represent half of the black labour force, they are excluded from pension schemes by the requirement of "continuous service", since the contract stipulates that their service cannot be continuous or permanent. 379. Although strict regulations prohibit Africans from striking in Namibia, a number of strikes have occurred over the years. In October 1981, for example, a group of workers at the Oamites copper mine near Windhoek went on strike for two days over a pay dispute. They also complained of job discrimination at the mine. In November of the same year, one third of the total work-force of about 630 workers went on strike at Damara Meat Packers, also in the Windhoek area. 93/ As usual, these strikes were repressed. A common countermeasure used by the South African forces of occupation is to "repatriate" the workers to the "homelands" and arrest or threaten the leaders. This form of repression renders unemployment endemic in the Territory, where the economy is geared to the needs of the South African occupation regime and other foreign economic interests. 5. The refugee situation 380. Expropriation, war and repression brought about by the illegal South African occupation r~gime have forced thousands of Namibians to flee their native land to seek refuge in the neighbouring countries of Angola, Botswana and Zambia. 381. In 1982, UNHCR estimated that the number of Namibian refugees at the Dukwe Refugee Settlement in Botswana was about 600 (see A/38/lll/Add.1, reply from UNHCR). In Zambia, approximately 4,500 refugees, 90 per cent of whom were women. and children, were accommodated in the SWAPO Health and Education Centre in Nyango. By far the majority of Namibian refugees lived in Angola, where the overall figure was estimated at 70,000. 382. The plight of the Namibian refugees in those countries has created emergency needs in the fields of agriculture, health, education and vocational training, and in the supply and distribution of tents, food and household goods. Assistance to Namibian refugees is provided by the international community. The countries that host the Namibian refugees continue to mobilize and utilize their own resources to meet emergency humanitarian needs, including food, shelter and clothing. Other countries, UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies, including non-governmental organizations, also provide assistance. 383. Such assistance has been concentrated on activities aimed at overcoming the initial problems arising from the sudden fliqht of Namibian refugees to asylum and enabling the refugees to attain as quickly as possible a level of subsistence that meets their basic needs. UNHCR, for example, has provided assistance to meet the needs of Namibian refugees for clothing, health care, school materials and food to supplement supplies received from WFP. UNHCR has also provided assistance for a project aimed at assisting Namibian refugees to achieve local integration through self-reliance. 384. The Namibians in Angola are a principal target of the racist South African forces of occupation based in Namibia who from time to time cross the border into Angola to harass the refugee population. Operating on the pretext that the refugee -63- camps are SWAPO bases, the South African racist military forces frequently flout the sovereignty of Angola, plundering and killing innocent civilians, as it did most notoriously in its devastating military raid on the Kassinga settlement in 1978. The repeated armed attacks against Namibian refugees in Angola have made organized assistance difficult. 385. With the assistance of UNHCR, friendly Governments and other organizations, SWAPO has established in the refugee settlements a comprehensive programme which, apart from tending to the basic needs of the refugees, provides the education and political training which will enable Namibians to rebuild their country upon independence. Despite the difficult conditions facing them, the Namibians in exile under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, are preparing for their return to a free Namibia with the assistance of the international community and in particular of their host Governments in Angola, Botswana and Zambia and the United Nations and other organizations. E. Legal matters concerning Namibia 386. By its resolution 2145 (XXI), the General Assembly declared that South Africa had failed to fulfil its obligations in respect of the administration of the Territory and to ensure the material well-being and security of the indigenous inhabitants of Namibia and had in fact disavowed its mandate over the Territory. Accordingly, the Assembly terminated the mandate and declared further that Namibia was henceforth to come under the direct responsibility of the United Nations. 387. Following South Africa's persistent defiance of the United Nations resolutions on Namibia, the General Assembly adopted resolution 2248 (S-V) by which it decided to establish a United Nations Council for Namibia with which it entrusted the powers and functions to administer the Territory. 388. In pursuance of that mandate and in accordance with subsequent General Assembly resolutions defining the Council's responsibilities, the Council continued during the period under review to undertake various activities in the legal sphere with a view to safeguarding the interests of the Namibian people. In this connection, the Council, representing Namibia, continued to send missions of consultation to various Governments in order to galvanize international support for the Namibian cause and to consider the most effective measures for terminating the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa and the implementation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1978), 435 (1978), 532 (1983) and 539 (1983). 389. The Council's missions of consultation, which were sent to Western Europe from 16 to 31 January 1984, to Latin America from 7 to 14 April and to Asia and the Pacific region from 12 to 24 March, also exchanged views on ways of securing the implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ including action to terminate the continued plunder and exploitation of Namibia's human and natural resources by foreign economic interests in defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions. 390. Furthermore, the Council prepared, through the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, reports and studies related to the implementation of the Decree. In this regard, the Commissioner's office engaged practising lawyers to prepare reports on the feasibility of instituting legal proceedings in the courts of some Western and other countries where corporations or individuals were engaged in economic activities in Namibia in violation of the Decree. -64-

391. The Council also sent a mission to Western Europe from 24 April to 12 May 1984 to seek legal advice on the implementation of the Decree. The Mission visited France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom. In the countries visited, discussions were held with non-governmental organizations and other groups sympathetic to the Namibian cause on ways of effectively implementing the Decree. The Mission sought legal advice from lawyers on the possibility of commencing legal proceedings on behalf of the Council against transnational corporations and other businesses concerning their importation of or dealings with Namibian goods in violation of the Decree. 392. In addition, the Council conducted seminars and regional symposia with non-governmental representatives and other participants in order to obtain relevant information and to exchange views on the exploitation of the people and resources of Namibia by South Africa and other foreign interests. Those forums provided an added opportunity to expose such activities and intensify active support for the Namibian cause and consider the most effective way to implement the Decree. 393. The Council also continued during the period under review to discharge fully the responsibility conferred upon it by the General Assembly in resolution 38/36 C, by which it requested the Council, representing Namibia, to participate as a full member in all conferences and meetings organized by the United Nations to which all States, or in the case of regional conferences and meetings, all African States were invited. 394. In compliance with paragraph 12 of General Assembly resolution 37/233 C, the Council, on 7 October 1983, acceded to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, 94/ and Additional Protocols I and II thereto (A/32/144, annexes I and II). The Council will continue to consider further accession to other international conventions, covenants and agreements as it may deem appropriate. -65-

CHAPTER III MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE COUNCIL DURING THE PERIOD UNDER REVIEW A. Extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok 1. Organization of the extraordinary plenary meetings 395. By its resolution 38/36 C, the General Assembly requested the Council to hold a series of plenary meetings in Asia during 1984 and to recommend appropriate action to the Assembly in the light of South Africa's persistent refusal to co-operate in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) in flagrant defiance of the will of the international community. 396. At the invitation of the Government of Thailand, the Council decided to bold its meetings at Bangkok, from 21 to 25 May 1984. 397. At its 414th meeting, on 20 May 1984, the Council, by approving the report of its President (A/AC.131/L.252) on the organization of the extraordinary plenary meetings, approved the following agenda for the meetings: 1. Adoption of the agenda. 2. Assessment of the current situation in and concerning Namibia. 3. Consideration of the reports of the missions of consultation. 4. Consideration of measures to 'ress for implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia. 5. Adoption of the final documents. 6. Closure of the extraordinary plenary meetings. 398. Invitations to attend and address the extraordinary plenary meetings were extended to the following: (a) Prime Minister of Thailand; (b) President of the General Assembly; (c) President of the Security Council; (d) Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; (e) Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid; (f) Chairman of OAU; (g) Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries; (h) President of SWAPO; -66-

(i) Secretary-General of OAU; (j) Chairman of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia and Executive Secretary of ECA; (k) Executive Secretary of ESCAP; (1) Director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia; (m) Representatives of those specialized agencies and other organizations of which the Council is a member: ILO, FAO, UNESCO, ITU and IAEA; (n) Representative of UNHCR; (o) Representative of UNDP; (p) Representatives of ANC of South Africa and PAC; (q) Other individuals and representatives of non-governmental organizations, as appropriate. 2. Extraordinary plenary meetings 399. The plenary meetings assumed special importance and urgency in view of the continued delay in bringing about the independence of Namibia and the persistence of the racist Pretoria regime in seeking to sabotage, at every step and in various forms, the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence and to impose an internal settlement in Namibia subservient to its own interests and in defiance of relevant United Nations resolutions on Namibia. 400. At its 415th meeting, on 21 May 1984, the Council held the solemn opening of its extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok. A minute of silence was observed in memory of all Namibian patriots who had fallen in the struggle for selfdetermination, freedom and independence in a united Namibia. 401. The meetings were inaugurated by General Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand. Statements were made by Mr. S. A. M. S. Kibria, Executive Secretary of ESCAP; Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, representative of the Secretary- General and UnderSecretary-General of the Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization; Mr. Theo-Ben Gurirab, representative of the President of SWAPO; Mr. Natarajan Krishnan (India), representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries; Mr. Abdul G. Koroma (Sierra Leone), Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; and Mr. Reynaldo 0. Arcilla (Philippines), representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid. Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, also made a statement. At the same meeting, messages received on the occasion from the Chairman of OAU, the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council were read by the Secretary of the United Nations Council for Namibia. 402. At its 416th meeting, on 22 May 1984, the Council established a Committee of the Whole and elected Mr. Birabhongse Kasemsri (Thailand) to serve as its Chairman and Ms. Elaine V. Jacob (Guyana) as its Rapporteur. The Committee designated Mr. Rudolph Yossiphov (Bulgaria) as its Vice-Chairman. -67-

403. The Committee of the Whole established a Drafting Committee with Mr. Madjid Bouguerra (Algeria) as Chairman and Mr. Hannu Halinen (Finland) as Vice-Chairman. 3. Statements and messages Statement by the Prime Minister of Thailand 404. In his inaugural statement, the Prime Minister of Thailand drew attention to the fact that the question of Namibia had been under consideration by the General Assembly since 1946, and had since remained one of the unresolved problems of the world Organization. He emphasized that the major obstacle to the realization of Namibia's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity was the continued illegal occupation of that country by South Africa. Furthermore, South Africa had persisted in obstructing the work of the Council in the discharge of its mandate as the only leqal authority to administer Namibia until its independence. Pretoria had continued to persist in its defiance of the wishes of the international community by, among other things, refusing to be accountable to the United Nations and by applying the inhumane policies of apartheid and "homelands" to the Territory. 405. The work of the Council had continued to be obstructed by Pretoria even after the International Court of Justice had delivered its advisory opinion on the auestion in 1971, 1/ in which it stated that the continued presence in South Africa was illegal and that South Africa was under obligation to withdraw its administration from Namibia; and that States Members of the United Nations were under obligation to recognize the illegality of South Africa's presence and administration in Namibia. 406. He stressed that the solution to the question of Namibia could be found in the provisions of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) as well as other relevant resolutions of the United Nations. The Prime Minister reiterated his Government's full support for the legitimate cause and struggle of the Namibian people, represented by SWAPO, which had been recognized by the General Assembly and OAU as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. Statement by the Executive Secretary of ESCAP 407. The Executive Secretary welcomed the participants and said that their presence at the meetings was clearly indicative of the world's growing impatience with South Africa's intransigence and its obstructionist tactics that had for so long delayed Namibia's liberation. 408. He underscored the fact that the current meetings of the Council assumed greater significance in the light of the inconclusive meeting of the Namibian auestion held at Lusaka a few days earlier. News reports had indicated that the Lusaka talks had yielded no more tangible results than those of the 1981 meeting at Geneva. He expressed the hope, however, that the latest identification of positions would provide some fresh insight or pointers towards the implementation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). He assured the members of the Council that ESCAP stood ready to extend any assistance within its mandate to help the Council attain its objectives. -68-

Statement by the representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations 409. In his address, the representative of the Secretary-General stated that despite the long and steadfast efforts of the United Nations to promote a just and peaceful settlement of the question, the people of Namibia had yet to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and independence in a free and united Namibia. 410. It was indeed regrettable that the United Nations had not yet been able to proceed with the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). He emphasized that the continued delay in the implementation of that resolution could only prolong the agony of the Namibian people, cause more bloodshed and imperil the peace and development of other countries in the region. 411. He further stressed that the United Nations remained committed to its unique responsibility to the people of Namibia and that it must therefore intensify its efforts to bring about the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which was the only universally accepted basis for a solution to the problem. Statement by the representative of SWAPO 412. The representative of SWAPO drew the attention of the Council to the fact that 1984 marked the centenary of the infamous Berlin Conference where the colonial Powers of that time had met to divide Africa among themselves and had imposed and institutionalized structures and policies for foreign and colonial domination and exploitation. He stated that that Conference had created the basis and justification for the colonial conquest of Namibia by the plundering forces of imperial Germany and that the struggle of SWAPO must be understood in the historical context of that experience. Today, he emphasized, the Namibian people were engaged in a bloody but heroic struggle to end the colonial conquest, to end suffering, poverty, hunger and subjugation and to seize the hour to redeem their history in order to become masters of their own destiny and, indeed, to claim their birthright. 413. The representative of SWAPO went on to say that it was universally agreed that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) provided the only basis for a negotiated settlement in Namibia. Ever since SWAPO had agreed to and accepted the terms of that resolution in 1978, at no stage during all the consultations that followed had SWAPO ever made a new demand or sought to change the provisions of that resolution. 414. In subsequent years, SWAPO had participated fully in many consultations and, aware of its role as leader of the struggling people of Namibia, had carried an added responsibility to move forward in the interest of peace. SWAPO had been willing to be flexible and even to make concessions in the interests of Namibia. South Africa, however, had remained intransigent, defiant, arrogant and belligerent, raising various extraneous issues which it claimed stood in the way of the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 415. On 29 August 1983, the United Nations Secretary-General, in a report to the Security Council, 14/ had confirmed that all the outstanding issues under resolution 435 (1978) had been resolved. With regard to South Africa's insistence on the auestion of linkage, the Secretary-General rejected that issue, as had the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, OAU and indeed the entire international community. -69-

416. The SWAPO representative pointed out that there was no evidence that South Africa had made a political decision to withdraw from Namibia. Quite to the contrary, South Africa was using the "Multi-party Conference" to create new obstacles and to obstruct the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 417. On 11 May 1984, at a meeting hosted by the President of Zambia, SWAPO had renewed its commitment to contribute to the process that would lead to the signing of a cease-fire and the implementation of resolution 435 (1978). SWAPO had pledged at Lusaka that it was ready to sign a cease-fire agreement immediately and to start the implementation process. South Africa, on the other hand, had sent a group of puppets to the meeting, members of the so-called "Multi-party Conference", and had reopened issues that had been resolved previously. Once again South Africa had misused an opportunity and avoided making a firm commitment that would have allowed the cause of Namibia to move forward. 418. He emphasized that the struggle must continue on all fronts and in the absence of a cease-fire SWAPO would continue the armed struggle. Since an agreement to implement resolution 435 (1978) could not be reached, SWAPO would continue to call upon the Namibian people to persist in assuming the responsibility of liberating their country. Should South Africa refuse to commit itself to joining the rest of the international community in its march forward for the achievement of independence for Namibia, SWAPO would continue to request the international community to continue to support the cause of Namibia. 419. The SWAPO representative emphasized that the Namibian people were united in their demand for immediate independence for Namibia through the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). SWAPO was ready to implement that resolution and to enter into a cease-fire agreement with South Africa. Statement by the representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries 420. At the outset, the representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries read a message from the Chairperson in which she stated that colonialism in Namibia had entered its one hundredth year. Seventeen years had elapsed since the United Nations had ended South Africa's mandate over the Territory and had assumed direct responsibility for it. That such stubborn and brutal colonialism should persist in the modern age was an affront to the conscience of humanity. 421. In the message to the Council, the Chairperson added that apartheid could not be reformed and must be ended. She stressed that there could be no compromise with racism and that international pressure against it must be enforced relentlessly. 422. The Chairperson stated further that India had steadfastly supported the Namibian cause and SWAPO and that the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries had irrevocably identified itself with the aspirations of the Namibian people and stood with them in their valiant struggle for liberation. She reassured the Council that it had the Movement's full support. 423. The representative of the Chairperson continued by saying that the Movement had always been a source of unflinching support for the Namibian cause and that it was proud to have SWAPO, the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people, as a full member. He stressed that every conference of the Movement had given priority to the question of Namibia. -70-

424. The Movement was deeply concerned over the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by the South African rigime in flagrant violation of United Nations resolutions. It believed that the situation arising from the Pretoria regime's repressive policies against the Namibian people, as well as its policy of intimidation and terrorism against neighbouring countries, posed a grave threat to international peace and security. 425. The Movement had pledged its solidarity with the Namibian people and support for the heroic struggle being waged under the leadership of SWAPO, the sole, legitimate and authentic representative of the Namibian people. It commended the activities of SWAPO, in particular those of its military wing, PLAN, in its strugQle against the illegal administration in Namibia, the colonial occupation army and the other paramilitary forces of racist South Africa. 426. The Movement was convinced that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remained the only basis for the peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. In that regard, it most categorically rejected the linkage or parallelism drawn by the United States Administration between the independence of Namibia and the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. The Movement was determined to counter all attempts to undermine the central role of the Security Council in the implementation of its resolution 435 (1978) and had urged the Security Council to assume fully its responsibilities, including taking urgent action to implement its decisions, if necessary, by the adoption of enforcement measures against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. 427. In the recent past, there had been a dramatic intensification of propaganda emanating from Pretoria and certain Western capitals to the effect that the problems of the region were well on their way to being resolved through a process of peaceful change; there was no doubt that the object of that propaganda was to lower the guard of the international community against the designs of the Pretoria r6gime and its obnoxious policy of apartheid. Even while South Africa was talking of peace and accommodation, there were disturbing indications that the United Nations plan might be deliberately subverted and, in the process, the United Nations might be left by the wayside. He said that the Council must reaffirm the central role of the United Nations in the efforts to bring independence to Namibia and reaffirm further that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) constituted the only basis for a peaceful settlement. 428. In concluding the message, the representative said that the people of Namibia had suffered injustice, repression, economic depredation and humiliation for a whole century, and that the time had surely come for the speedy attainment of independence. South Africa had treated the will of the world community with utter scorn. It was incumbent upon the world to take action to isolate South Africa. If that could not be done through the procedures envisaged in the Charter of the United Nations, Member States would have to take more resolute unilateral action. Statement by the Chairman of the Secial Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 429. The Chairman of the Special Committee stated that it was imperative at the current critical stage of the liberation struggle that the international community strive more vigorously than ever before to ensure that the minority r6gime was deprived of all the means which enabled it to continue with impunity its acts of defiance. For almost four decades, South Africa had defied the will of the -71- international community and persisted in its illegal occupation of Namibia. The situation therefore called for urgent action, namely, cessation of all forms of support for the colonial r6gime since such support only resulted in further suffering and hardships for the Namibian people who were courageously fighting against all odds to regain their freedom and independence. 430. The international community must ask seriously how much longer it must await the dawn of Namibia's peaceful transition to independence as envisaged under Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). The answer was clear and categorical: the international community demanded the immediate and unconditional implementation of those resolutions. As a corollary, it called for the imposition against South Africa of comprehensive mandatory sanctions under the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter. 431. Any attempt to undermine the international consensus embodied in Security Council resolution 435 (1978) must be strongly resisted, because that consensus represented the only acceptable basis for a peaceful transition to independence for Namibia. In that context, the international community categorically rejected any attempt to establish a so-called linkage between the independence of Namibia and the withdrawal of Cuban internationalist forces from Angola. 432. The Chairman of the Special Committee pointed out that concurrently with the strengthening of its military and paramilitary forces within Namibia, South Africa had continued to exploit and plunder the human and natural resources of the Territory. In open defiance of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ the racist r6gime, in collusion with foreign economic interests, was increasingly impeding the efforts of the international community to safeguard and preserve those resources for the people of Namibia. He urged the international community to ensure that such exploitation and plunder cease forthwith by insisting that those States whose transnational corporations continued to operate in Namibia take definitive steps, with enforcement measures, to put an end to all such activities. 433. The Chairman of the Special Committee commended the leaders of SWAPO for the spirit of sacrifice, accommodation, patience and statesmanship which they had displayed in the long and sustained struggle for independence and in the negotiations on the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). The international community had a particular responsibility to ensure that, through the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia, all possible steps should be taken to offer the maximum training opportunities for the people in preparing themselves for the early establishment of an independent and sovereign Namibia. Statement by the representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid 434. The representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid underscored that the continued occupation of the international Territory of Namibia by the apartheid rigime reflected the arrogance and intransigence of that r~gime in utter defiance of the United Nations, which had been entrusted with the responsibility of protecting and promoting the rights and interests of the people of the Territory. The apartheid r6gime had increased its 1984/85 military budget by over 20 per cent and had started building in the northern Transvaal, near the Zimbabwean border, a fighter base and three additional missile strike craft. -72-

435. The Special Committee considered that the primary cause of tension and conflict in southern Africa had been and remained the inhuman policy of apartheid. There could be no stable and permanent peace in the region unless apartheid was totally eliminated. There should be no illusion whatsoever that the people of South Africa or southern Africa could, or would, coexist with apartheid. In the view of the Special Committee, the so-called policy of "constructive engagement" was a mere camouflage to promote such coexistence. 436. The Special Committee was also of the view that as long as apartheid persisted in South Africa, the international community had an obligation to impose comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against its perpetrators and to increase its assistance to the legitimate struggle of the dispossessed and oppressed people of South Africa and Namibia. 437. At its thirty-eighth session, the General Assembly, by resolution 38/39 B of 5 December 1983, on the recommendation of the Special Committee, had commended a Programme of Action against Apartheid 95/ in which the Special Committee had called upon all Governments to support the imposition by the Security Council of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa. Pending the imposition of such sanctions, the Special Committee had also called upon all Governments, individually or collectively, to implement all possible measures against the racist r6gime, in order totally to isolate it politically, economically, militarily and culturally. The Programme of Action had also requested increased financial and material assistance to the liberation movements. The representative of the Special Committee reiterated the commendation of the General Assembly. 438. He also reiterated the support of the Special Committee for the legitimacy of the struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, for freedom and national independence, and for Security Council resolution 435 (1978) as the only basis for a peaceful settlement. The Special Committee called for the immediate and unconditional implementation of that resolution without qualification or modification. Statement by the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia 439. The President said that the Council was holding extraordinary plenary meetings in Thailand in order to review in depth the continuing critical situation in and relating to Namibia in the light of South Africa's persistent refusal to co- operate in the implementation of the relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions on Namibia, particularly Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and to recommend appropriate action to the General Assembly at its forthcoming thirtyninth session. He said that the extraordinary plenary meetings were part of the Council's efforts to emphasize the responsibility of the international community for Namibia to intensify world-wide support for the legitimate cause of the Namibian people. 440. In the weeks preceding the extraordinary plenary meetings, the Council had held a Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania and a Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. It had also sent missions of consultation to Governments of Western European and Latin American countries. The Council also had held high-level consultations with the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries on the efforts of the United Nations to promote maximum mobilization of the international community to bring about -73- Namibia's independence and on ways and means to mobilize greater support for the Namibian cause through closer co-operation between the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries and the Council. 441. The approaches by racist South Africa and some of its allies to the settlement of the Namibian auestion had been based on a discredited and destabilizing cold- war frame of reference. South Africa and its allies, particularly the United States, had continued their attempts to distort the ouestion of Namibia from that of an act of colonial domination in violation of the purposes and principles of the Charter and the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. Injecting hackneyed cold-war rhetoric, they had continued to link the independence of Namibia with issues unrelated and extraneous to the United Nations plan for the Territory's independence. That anachronistic strategy had served their objective of delaying Namibia's independence and perpetuating its colonial domination by racist South Africa. 442. No tangible progress had been made during the six years that the Western Contact Group had been negotiating with South Africa to secure Pretoria's compliance with the terms of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. In fact, the involvement of the Western Contact Group had created long periods of total deadlock in the negotiations. The involvement of the Contact Group had also resulted in a situation where solutions to the Namibian question were being sought outside the United Nations framework. As a result, each time a settlement of the question appeared near, South Africa had introduced elements alien to the United Nations plan, made new demands or set new conditions. The racist r6gime of South Africa had attempted to mislead international public opinion each time by appearing to promise co-operation while intending defiance. 443. South Africa had continued to flout the will of the international community and to devise new stratagems to prevent the implementation of the United Nations plan. 444. He stressed that it was imperative that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia be ended without further delay. In that regard, the extraordinary plenary meetings should devise concrete recommendations for action by the General Assembly and the Security Council in order to obtain the early implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence. Messa~e from the Chairman of OAU 445. In his message, the Chairman of OAU said that the international community knew very well that, despite its ceaseless efforts and resounding condemnations, the Fascist r4gime of South Africa had thus far persisted in escalating its military build-up in Namibia, its recruitment and use of mercenaries to carry out military aggression against the neighbouring States and its massive displacement of Namibians for its own selfish political and economic ends. 446. He emphasized that African States had repeatedly expressed their indignation and had resolved and endeavoured to remove every obstacle placed by South Africa to obstruct Namibia's independence. Extraneous issues such as linkage and reciprocity were but machinations designed to delay Namibian independence. In that connection, it was particularly revealing to note Pretoria's resort to evasion, constant prevarication and sabotage in order to install in power its stooges grouped in the so-called "Multi-party Conference". -74-

447. It had become evident that South Africa and its allies, particularly the United States, had never been honest in their search for a lasting and acceptable solution to the Namibian problem. The Pretoria rigime would not have been able to continue with its aggressive and defiant policies had it not been for the all-out support of a number of States covertly or overtly involved in delaying Namibia's accession to independence. 448. The Security Council should, once again, be called upon to act as a matter of urgency and to respond positively to the overwhelming call of Member States by immediately imposing comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the abhorrent r6gime of Pretoria in order to compel it to relinquish its illegal occupation of Namibia. Message from the President of the General Assembly 449. In his message, the President of the General Assembly stated that for 17 years the Assembly had reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to selfdetermination and national independence in a united Namibia. At its thirty- eighth session, the Assembly had adopted resolution 38/36 A by which it had reaffirmed the legitimacy of the struggle of the Namibian people by all means, including armed strugqle, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 450. Moreover, the General Assembly had firmly rejected the persistent attempts to establish a linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and any extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from. Angola. The Assembly had unequivocally stated that such attempts were designed only to delay the decolonization process in Namibia and constituted an interference in the internal affairs of Angola. 451. The General Assembly had reiterated once again that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remained the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the question of Namibia, and had demanded its immediate and unconditional implementation without any qualification, modification or amendment. The Assembly had requested the Security Council to exercise its authority with regard to the implementation of its resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978) and 532 (1983), so as to bring about the independence of Namibia without further delay. Once again, the Assembly had urged the Security Council to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the racist South African rigime under Chapter VII of the Charter, in order to ensure the total cessation of all co-operation with that rfgime. 452. In commending the constructive work performed by the Council, the President of the General Assembly conveyed to the extraordinary meetings his strongest support for the efforts of the Council in the discharge of the responsibilities entrusted to it as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia and as a policy-making organ of the United Nations. Message from the President of the Security Council 453. In his message, the President of the Security Council stated that by its resolutions and decisions dating from 1968, the Security Council had recognized and asserted its responsibility for promoting independence for Namibia. Those efforts had culminated in resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, by which the Council had approved a detailed plan aimed at the transfer of power to the people of Namibia with United Nations assistance. -75-

454. Members of the Security Council shared the widespread concern and frustration at the slow rate of progress towards implementation of the plan and were conscious of the protracted suffering of the Namibian people and of the effect of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia on the security and stability of the whole region. 455. Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remained the only basis for a peaceful settlement. It embodied the resolve of the international community to find a genuine political solution to the Namibian question under the aegis of the United Nations and had won universal acceptance as a just basis for the peaceful transition to independence for Namibia. Despite the many delays witnessed in the efforts to implement the United Nations plan, considerable progress had been made in securing a large measure of agreement on the modalities to be employed in the implementation of resolution 435 (1978). 456. The deep commitment of the Security Council to discharge its special responsibility to the people of Namibia and its urgent desire to bring about the rapid implementation of the settlement plan were reflected in its adoption of resolution 539 (1983) on 28 October 1983. 457. The Security Council, having dedicated itself to the establishment at the earliest possible date of an independent and sovereign State of Namibia, intended to remain actively seized of the matter. 4. General debate 458. The Council held its general debate from 22 to 24 May 1984. In their statements, Council members gave renewed expression to the grave concern over the continuing critical situation in and relating to Namibia resulting from South Africa's persistent refusal to withdraw from the Territory. Members strongly condemned South Africa's continuing illegal occupation of Namibia in violation of United Nations resolutions and the principles enshrined in the Charter; they considered South Africa's intransigence not only an affront to the will of the international community, but also a grave threat to peace and security in the region and in the world at large. 459. Speakers reaffirmed their support for the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and national independence and for the just struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative; they also reaffirmed the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia until it achieved genuine independence. 460. They further reaffirmed that the only parties to the conflict in Namibia were, on the one hand, South Africa, as the illegal occupying Power, and on the other, the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 461. Members reiterated that the question of Namibia was an issue of decolonization and they rejected any attempt to depict it in any different context which could only result in an unacceptable distortion of the question. In that regard, they opposed attempts to portray the question of Namibia as part of an East-West confrontation. -76-

462. Members condemned South Africa's increasing militarization of Namibia, its acts of aggression against the Namibian people and its use of Namibian territory as a springboard for launching acts of aggression against neighbouring States, all of which constituted a threat to international peace and security. 463. Members reaffirmed their support for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), containing the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence, the only basis for a peaceful solution to the question of Namibia. Speakers rejected and condemned the insistence by South Africa and the United States on making Namibia's independence contingent upon extraneous and irrelevant issues such as the linkage between the presence of Cuban forces in Angola and the independence of Namibia. They further rejected any formula outside the framework of the United Nations. 464. Members of the United Nations Council for Namibia called for the redoubling of efforts to implement Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Speakers denounced South Africa's persistent refusal to co-operate in the implementation of the plan at every stage of negotiations and observed that such action by South Africa was not only totally unjustified but had also gravely delayed Namibia's independence, thus prolonging the suffering of the Namibian people under the oppressive occupation r6gime. Speakers again condemned South Africa's manoeuvres to impose in Namibia an internal solution through puppet political institutions subservient to South Africa's neo-colonialist interests. 465. Speakers recommended that the international community intensify its efforts in exerting pressure on the South Africa r6gime to engage in serious negotiations with SWAPO on the basis of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). 466. The debate once again made clear the general conviction that in the face of South Africa's continued occupation and aggression, the Namibian people had no choice but to continue their struggle by all means at their disposal, including armed struggle, until they could exercise their inalienable right to selfdetermination, freedom and national independence. In that connection, Council members underscored the need for the international community to continue to support the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 467. All of the speakers commended SWAPO for its statesmanship, flexibility and earnestness in the search for a negotiated settlement of the question of Namibia. They expressed appreciation at the fact that SWAPO had repeatedly declared its readiness to sign a cease-fire agreement with South Africa which would set in motion the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia. 468. The speakers expressed their conviction that the South African r6gime had persisted in its defiance of United Nations resolutions and of the will of the international community because of the support it continued to receive from its Western allies and major trading partners in the political, diplomatic, military, nuclear, economic and financial fields. The speakers indicated that the United States, in particular, through its policy of "constructive engagement", had increased its support for and co-operation with the South African r6gime in all areas. Such support and assistance had only encouraged South Africa to step up its acts of aggression againdt the Namibian people and against the front-line States, in order to perpetuate its illegal occupation of the Territory and to destabilize neighbouring countries. -77-

469. Members condemned the collaboration of some Western countries and Israel with South Africa which were assisting in the expansion of the r~gime's military capability, including its nuclear capability, in violation of the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa imposed by Security Council resolution 418 (1977). They urged those countries to cease and desist forthwith from such collaboration with South Africa. 470. Members strongly reaffirmed that Namibia must accede to independence with its territorial integrity intact; to that effect, they once again declared that Walvis Bay and the offshore islands of Namibia were an integral part of Namibia, as had been unecuivocally established by United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia. They strongly condemned South Africa's attempts to annex Walvis Bay and the offshore islands. They further urged the Council to intensify its efforts to preserve Namibia's territorial integrity. 471. Members expressed serious concern over the accelerated plunder by South African and other foreign economic interests of Namibia's natural resources in a blatant attempt to deplete the Territory's wealth and in violation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia and of the Decree enacted by the Council. They condemned the pillage of Namibia's resources by South Africa and foreign economic interests operating illegally in the Territory, and called for an immediate end to such exploitation. 472. Members emphasized that in view of South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its escalation of military acts of aggression against the Namibian people and neighbouring States and its attempts to undermine and circumvent the United Nations plan for Namibia, all of which constituted a serious threat to international peace and security, the only course open to the international community was to press for the immediate imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the racist r6gime of South Africa by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter. 473. Council members stressed that the Council, the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, should continue to exert all efforts to protect Namibia's interests and to speed up the decolonization process. 474. Members urged the Council to continue and intensify its co-operation with SWAPO and to continue to support programmes of assistance to Namibians in order to prepare them for service in the administration of a future independent Namibia. 475. The Council concluded its general debate after hearing statements by observers from the United Republic of Tanzania, Kuwait, Japan, Malaysia, Democratic Kampuchea, Uganda and Viet Nam, all of whom expressed support for the just cause of the people of Namibia and for the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) without further delay. 476. The Council also heard statements by the representative of FAO and the Director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia. 5. Adoption of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia 477. The Council concluded its deliberations with the adoption, by acclamation, of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia at its 424th meeting, on 25 May 1984. The text of the Declaration and Programme of Action is reproduced in paragraph 495. -78-

478. The representatives of Australia, Belgium, Botswana, Chile, Finland and Turkey, while joining the consensus on the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia, expressed reservations or made clarifications in the Committee of the Whole, concerning certain references in the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action. 479. The texts of the reservations made by Australia, Belgium, Finland and Turkey, and the explanatory note by Finland, are contained in annex III to the present report. 6. Commemoration of Africa Liberation Day 480. At its 422nd meeting, on 25 May 1984, the Council held a solemn meeting in observance of Africa Liberation Day and of the twenty-first anniversary of the founding of OAU. 481. The President of the Council opened the solemn meeting. Messrs. Abdul G. Koroma (Sierra Leone), Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and Reynaldo 0. Arcilla (Philippines), representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid made statements. Statements were also made by the representative of the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, representatives of the African, Asian, Eastern European and Latin American groups and the Group of Western European and Other States and the representative of the host country, Thailand. 482. The representative of SWAPO also addressed the meeting. The representative of the Soviet Union read a message from the Presidium and Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 483. In his statement, the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia stated that the commemoration of Africa Liberation Day was taking place at a time of considerable concern over the continued lack of progress in the search for a peaceful settlement of the remaining colonial problems in Africa. The deteriorating situation in Namibia called for urgent action, namely a cessation of all forms of support for the colonial South African regime, since such support could only result in further suffering and hardships for the Namibian people. 484. The President continued by saying that despite all odds against them, the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, had continued to intensify their struggle for national liberation and independence. All States Members of the United Nations should press for the immediate implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which had established a practical framework and remained the basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. 485. The Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples said that South Africa had intensified its repression of the Namibian people and exploited Namibia's resources in total disregard of world opinion and United Nations resolutions. The rigime could act as it did because certain permanent members of the Security Council had refused to impose sanctions against it. -79-

486. South Africa must withdraw from the Territory in order to allow Namibians to exercise their rights in an unfettered manner. The international community must extend all possible assistance to the people of Namibia and SWAPO. 487. The representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid said that in a world already fraught with danger, the apartheid policy of the racist r6gime of South Africa still persisted, and that r~gime continued to be defiant of the repeated condemnations by the entire international community. In isolation, it had become even more desperate and was escalating its acts of terrorism and intensifying more brutal repression against the opponents of apartheid while repeatedly attacking the neighbouring sovereign States. Therefore, the racist r~gime's recent acceptance of non-intervention in neighbouring States, after causing enormous damage to the economy of those States through criminal acts of aggression, destabilization and terrorism, should be viewed with utmost caution by the international community. 488. The Special Committee against Apartheid condemned the actions of Governments, transnational corporations and other interests which, through their collaboration with the racist r~gime, encouraged it to perpetuate its racist policies. It demanded the unconditional release of Nelson Mandela, Zephania Motopeng and all other political prisoners. It considered that the adoption of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa was urgent and imperative. It was also vital that, until such decisive action was taken by the Security Council, effective and concerted action be taken by the international community to support the liberation movements and the oppressed people of South Africa in their heroic resistance. 489. The representative of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries observed that the Council's commemoration of Africa Liberation Day was taking place in the centenary year of a historical event which was an infamous reminder of bondage and subjugation for the people of Africa: the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 where the European colonial Powers had divided most of the African continent among themselves. 490. He stated further that Africa Liberation Day 1984 marked the twenty-first anniversary of the establishment of OAU and that to mark the occasion, the Council should pay homage to the thousands of valiant Africans who had made the supreme sacrifice for the cause of liberty and who had built the edifice of present-day Africa. He urged the Council to consider solemnly the last and most glaring vestiges of domination and subjugation on the African continent, the brutal racist colonialism in Namibia and the obnoxious policy of apartheid in South Africa. 491. He also emphasized the special role of Africa in the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries and the relevance of the Movement for Africa, which accounted for over 40 per cent of the Movement's membership. He reaffirmed the spirit of co-operation and solidarity of the Movement with its African brothers and their aspirations for freedom, progress and prosperity. In that regard, he stressed that the Movement was proud to have SWAPO as a full member and that it looked forward to the day when an independent Namibia would take its rightful place within the international community and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. 492. The representative of the host Government said that Thailand firmly believed that the solution to the question of Namibia could be found in the provisions of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and other relevant United Nations resolutions. It supported the legitimate cause and struggle of the Namibian people, represented by SWAPO, as well as the recommendations of the final communique of the Summit Meeting of the Front-line States, held at Arusha, United -80-

Republic of Tanzania. It would work with all concerned towards the full and early implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, so that all remaining manifestations of colonialism and domination would be eliminated. 493. The representative of SWAPO said that the oppressed but struggling peoples of South Africa and Namibia, led by ANC and SWAPO, would leave no stone unturned in their struggle for independence. SWAPO was ready to assume its historic responsibilities to usher in an independent Namibia. To that end, it would continue to intensify simultaneously the war of national liberation on all fronts, including the military, political and diplomatic fronts. It demanded immediate independence and the speedy and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and rejected any linkage with extraneous issues as an unwarranted and objectionable imposition whereby Namibia's independence was held hostage to imperialist global and regional considerations and interests. 494. SWAPO again reiterated its readiness to meet South Africa directly and for the sole purpose of agreeing on a cease-fire as a first vital step in the implementation of the United Nations plan, in its final and definitive form. The United States was pursuing with Pretoria a reprehensible policy of "constructive engagement" for the sinister purpose of embracing apartheid South Africa in order to camouflage its repressive character and accord it international legitimacy. B. Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia 495. The Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia, adopted by the Council at the conclusion of its extraordinary plenary meetings held at Bangkok, from 21 to 25 May 1984 (see para. 477), reads as follows: Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia* Declaration "I. In pursuance of General Assembly resolution 38/36 C of 1 December 1983 and in the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, the United Nations Council for Namibia convened a series of extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984. The meetings were held with a view to taking stock of the continuing critical situation in and relating to Namibia in the light of the persistent refusal of South Africa to implement the relevant United Nations resolutions, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, and to recommending appropriate action to the General Assembly at its thirty-ninth session. "2. The Council deemed these extraordinary plenary meetings to be of particular importance and urgency in view of the continued delay in bringing about the independence of Namibia and of the persistence of the racist Pretoria regime in seeking to sabotage, at every step and in various forms, the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence and to impose an internal settlement in Namibia subservient to its own interests, in defiance of relevant United Nations resolutions on Namibia. * Previously issued as document A/39/286-S/16601, annex. -81-

"3. The Council attached importance to its convening in Asia, following its earlier successful extraordinary plenary meetings held in Africa and Latin America. Recalling the steadfast support extended by Asian countries to the process of decolonization, and in particular tO the Namibian cause, the Council voiced the hope that the convening of its extraordinary plenary meetings in Asia would cause the Governments and peoples of that continent, and indeed the entire international community, to redouble their efforts to achieve the cherished goal of the liberation of Namibia from colonial and racist occupation without further delay. "4. The Council appreciated the consistent support given by Thailand to the Namibian cause and expressed its gratitude to the Government of Thailand for the invitation extended to it to hold the extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok. "5. The extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council were inaugurated by General Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand, who stated that the major obstacle to the realization of Namibia's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity had been the continued illegal occupation of that country by South Africa. He reaffirmed Thailand's full support for the legitimate cause and struggle of the Namibian people, represented by the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). "6. In his message on the occasion, the Secretary-General of the United Nations said that, notwithstanding all the progress made in the negotiations thus far, it was regrettable that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) had not yet been implemented. He emphasized that the continued delay in the implementation of that resolution could only prolong the agony of the Namibian people, cause more bloodshed and imperil the peace and development of other countries in the region. "7. The Council made an in-depth review of the situation in and around Namibia, in the context of the continued illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa and its implications for international peace and security; it analysed the causes for the continued delay in the implementation of relevant United Nations resolutions, in particular Security Council resolution 435 (1978); it examined in detail practical measures to increase support for the struggle of the people of Namibia led by SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, for self-determination and independence, to assist the front-line States in resisting South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilization and to ensure the immediate implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibian independence. "8. In this context, the Council took special note of the further reports of the Secretary-General dated 19 May 1983, 11/ 29 August 1983 14/ and 29 December 1983 16/ concerning the implementation of Security Council resolutions 435 (1978) and 439 (1978) which relate to the question of Namibia. The Council recalled Security Council resolutions 532 (1983) of 31 May 1983 and 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983; General Assembly resolutions 38/36 A to E of 1 December 1983; the Paris Declaration on Namibia and the report of the Committee of the Whole and the Programme of Action on Namibia adopted at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence; 18/ the resolution on Namibia adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) at its fortieth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to -82-

5 March 1984; 96/ the Political Declaration adopted by the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi in March 1983 (A/38/132-S/15675 and Corr.l and 2, annex); the final communiqu6 issued at the conclusion of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, held at New Delhi from 23 to 29 November 1983 (A/39/560-S/16773, annex); and the Final Communique of the Summit Meeting of Front-line States, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, on 29 April 1984 (A/AC.115/L.611). The aforementioned documents reaffirmed the commitment of the vast majority of the international community to the early and peaceful attainment of independence by Namibia in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). "9. The Council further noted with satisfaction the conclusions and recommendations adopted at the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Jos6 from 16 to 19 August 1983, 61/ the communiqu6 issued at the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984 (see para. 1099 of the present report) and the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests Exploiting Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984 (see para. 507 of the present report). "10. The Council also took into account the results of a high-level Mission it had dispatched to consult with the Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries at New Dehli, from 16 to 18 May 1984. That Mission had been sent with the purpose of acquainting the Chairperson of the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries with the latest developments pertaining to Namibia and discussing the role that the Movement had played and could play, in co-operation with the Council, in the mobilization of greater support for the Namibian cause and in assisting in the early achievement of independence by Namibia. "11. The Council also noted the results of the missions of consultation it had dispatched to Western Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, covering the following countries and organizations: Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities, from 16 to 31 January 1984; Japan, New Zealand and Australia, from 12 to 24 March 1984; and Trinidad and Tobago and Argentina, from 7 to 13 April 1984 (see para. 1099 of the present report). The purpose of those missions had been to undertake consultations with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and mobilizing greater international support for the speedy independence of Namibia. A Mission of Consultation was also sent to France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (A/AC.131/133) to seek legal advice from lawyers on the possibilities of instituting legal proceedings in the domestic courts to ensure compliance with the provisions of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ The Mission also held consultations with non-governmental organizations in the above-mentioned countries with a view to seeking their Opinion on this matter and exploring the role they could play in enhancing the efforts of the Council, should it decide to start such legal proceedings. *12. The Council then proceeded to adopt the following declaration and programme of action on Namibia which it submits for the serious and urgent consideration of all Governments, organizations and peoples for appropriate action to secure the speedy liberation of Namibia from illegal occupation by South Africa. -83- "13. The Council reiterates the direct responsibility for Namibia assumed by the United Nations pursuant to General Assembly resolutions 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966 and 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967. As the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, the Council has been guided, since its establishment, by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and all other resolutions of the Assembly on the auestion of Namibia. Through international political mobilization, the Council has striven to obtain the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the illegal South African administration and forces of occupation from the Territory and to bring to fruition the aspirations of the Namibian people in their legitimate struggle for self-determination, freedom and national independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Council has taken measures to counter the nefarious policies of South Africa against the Namibian people and has denounced and rejected the persistent manoeuvres through which the South African regime has attempted to perpetuate its illegal occupation of Namibia. In the fulfilment of its mandate, the Council has benefited from the extensive support of the international community, including Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, of which the Council is sincerely appreciative. "14. The Council reaffirms once again the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. It further reaffirms that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia constitutes an act of aggression against the Namibian people in terms of the Definition of Aggression contained in General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974 and that the Namibian people, in the exercise of their inherent right of self- defence, are entitled to avail themselves of all means at their disposal, including armed struggle, to repel South Africa's aggression and to achieve their freedom and national independence. "15. The Council reaffirms its solidarity with, and support for, SWAPO, the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. It pays tribute to SWAPO for the sacrifices it has made in the field of battle and also for the spirit of statesmanship, co-operation and far-sightedness it has displayed in the political and diplomatic arena despite the most extreme provocations on the part of the racist Pretoria r6gime. "16. The Council commends SWAPO for the continuing intensification of the struggle on all fronts, including the armed struggle, and its commitment to embrace all Namibian patriots in an effort to strengthen further the national unity so as to ensure the territorial integrity and sovereignty of a united Namibia. "17. In the context of Pretoria's continued intransigence and refusal to implement relevant resolutions of the United Nations, its continued illegal occupation of Namibia and the brutal, racist repression it has unleashed for decades on the Namibian people by force of arms, the Council reiterates its conviction that the armed liberation struggle of the Namibian people continues to be an important and decisive factor in their efforts to achieve self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. -84-

"18. The Council solemnly reaffirms that Namibia's accession to independence must be with its territorial integrity intact, including Walvis Bay and the offshore islands. It further reaffirms its full support for the resolutions of the General Assembly which declare that Walvis Bay and the offshore islands are an integral part of Namibia and that any action by South Africa to separate them from the territory is illegal, null and void. "19. The Council strongly condemns the South African r6gime for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia and demands its immediate and unconditional withdrawal from the Territory. "20. The Council further condemns the South African r4gime for its ruthless repression of the Namibian people, its policy and practice of apartheid and other gross violations of human rights perpetrated against the people of Namibia, and demands that an immediate end be put to those policies. It strongly denounces the detention and imprisonment of SWAPO freedom fighters and demands the immediate and unconditional release of all Namibian political prisoners. "21. The Council reaffirms that the liberation struggle in Namibia is a conflict of international character in terms of article 1, paragraph 4, of Additional Protocol I (A/32/144, annex I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 94/ and, in this regard, demands the application by South Africa of the Conventions and Additional Protocol I. In particular, it demands that all captured freedom fighters be accorded prisoner-of-war status as called for by the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War; 97/ and Additional Protocol thereto. "22. The Council denounces the illegal South African occupation regime for its ever-increasing and large-scale military build-up in Namibia, its introduction of compulsory military service for Namibians, its forced recruitment and training of Namibians for tribal armies and its recruitment of mercenaries and other foreign agents in order to carry out its policies of internal repression and external aggression. It calls upon all States to co-operate in taking effective measures to prevent the recruitment, training and transit of mercenaries for service in Namibia. "23. The Council considers that the acquisition of a nuclear weapons capability by the racist r6gime of South Africa, with its infamous record of violence and aggression, adds yet another dangerous dimension to an already grave situation, since this development can only help South Africa to seek further to intimidate independent States in the region into submission, while posing a threat to all mankind. The Council condemns the collusion by the Governments of certain Western and other States, particularly those of the United States of America and Israel, with the racist r6gime of South Africa in the nuclear field. Such collaboration is in contravention of innumerable General Assembly resolutions and encourages the Pretoria regime in its defiance of the international community and obstructs efforts to eliminate apartheid and bring South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia to an end. The Council calls upon all States to refrain from supplying the racist minority r6gime of South Africa, directly or indirectly, with installations that might enable it to produce uranium, plutonium or other nuclear materials, reactors or military equipment. -85-

"24. In this context, the Council also views with the gravest concern and condemns the continuing military collaboration, including traffic in armaments, of certain Western States and Israel with South Africa. It is concerned, moreover, at the possible existence of military and security agreements between South Africa and certain countries in other regions. It considers that any such links or arrangements would constitute a breach of the arms embargo imposed by the Security Council in its resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977 and a hostile act against the United Nations and the struggling peoples of Namibia and South Africa, and would greatly aggravate the already tense situation in southern Africa and pose a threat to the security of Africa as a whole. It calls for urgent action on the part of the international community to expose any military collaboration with South Africa. "25. The Council condemns the use of the territory of Namibia by the racist r6gime of South Africa as a staging ground from which to launch armed aggression against neighbouring African States, in order to intimidate them and to prevent them from supporting the legitimate struggle of the Namibian and South African peoples for freedom and independence. "26. Analysing the recent developments in southern Africa, the Council takes note of and welcomes the Final Communiqu6 of the Summit Meeting of Front-line States, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, on 29 April 1984, (A/AC.115/L.611), which reads as follows: 'The Heads of State and Government and leaders of the liberation movements present reaffirmed their total and unqualified commitment to the liberation struggles of the people of Namibia against colonialism and the people of South Africa against apartheid. 'The political and armed struggles being waged by the peoples of Namibia and South Africa, led by SWAPO and the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), respectively, are taking place in these two countries. The struggle is between the people of Namibia and the occupying Power, and between the people of South Africa and the apartheid r6gime. 'The Heads of State and Government and the leaders of the liberation movements declared that the immediate objective for Namibia is and must be the immediate implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 435 (1978), in order that Namibia may obtain full and internationally recognized independence on the basis of self-determination by all people of that country. They reiterated the continuing role of the Security Council and the Secretary-General in the implementation of resolution 435 (1978). The leaders of the front-line States reaffirmed their support for SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. 'The Heads of State and Government and the leaders of the liberation movements repeated their rejection of the attempt to link the freedom of Namibia with any Angolan Government decisions relating to its security requirements and its internal political structure. 'The Heads of State and Government of the front-line States and the leaders of the liberation movements condemned without reservation the overt and covert aggressive actions of South Africa directed at the destabilization of African States, and those aimed against refugees from Namibia and apartheid South Africa. -86-

'In particular, the leaders of the front-line States and liberation movements appealed for political, moral, material and diplomatic support to be given to the liberation movements. They also appealed for concrete support to be given to the efforts of the front-line States aimed at the consolidation of their independence and their fragile economies, as these are of direct relevance to their ability to play a constructive role in the search for peace and freedom in southern Africa.' "27. Reaffirming once again its strong solidarity with and support for SWAPO, the Council believes that, at the current critical stage in the struggle of the Namibian people for independence, all-round support to SWAPO must be intensified as a matter of urgency. The Council urges all States, as well as the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system, to render sustained and increased political, moral, material, military and financial assistance to SWAPO in its struggle to deliver the Namibian people from the colonial yoke. "28. The Council expresses its conviction that the solidarity and support of the front-line States for the Namibian cause continue to be factors of paramount importance in the efforts to bring genuine independence to the Territory. It further deems it imperative that the international community increase, as a matter of urgency, financial, material, military and political support to the front-line States so as to enable them to resolve their own economic difficulties, which are largely a consequence of Pretoria's policies of aggression and subversion, and to defend themselves better against South Africa's persistent attempts to destabilize and debilitate them. "29. The Council rejects and denounces the propaganda perpetuated by the racist regime and its allies in favour of a relaxation of international action against the apartheid rdgime. It is convinced that no such relaxation is possible as long as Pretoria continues to pursue its policy of seeking to perpetuate racist domination in South Africa and to establish its hegemony in the region. The international community cannot but be wary of the current professed willingness of the racist rdgime to accept non-intervention in neighbouring States, particularly in the light of its previous record of aggression, destabilization and terrorism directed against these States. "30. The Council reaffirms its full support for the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) and views with indignation and grave concern South Africa's attempts to thwart the work of SADCC. It calls upon all States to render every possible assistance to SADCC in its efforts to promote regional economic co-operation and development and to reduce the economic dependence of countries in the area on racist South Africa. "31. The Council expresses its indignation and deep concern at the fact that Namibia's independence continues to be obstructed by the intransigence and persistent refusal of the South African rdgime to comply with all relevant resolutions of the United Nations, in particular Security Council resolution 435 (1978). It states categorically that the United Nations plan for Namibia, contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), remains the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question and reaffirms the need to proceed to its immediate implementation without modification, cualification or pre-condition. -87-

"32. The Council denounces and rejects the attempts by South Africa and its allies to distort the auestion of Namibia rather than view it as a case of colonial domination in violation of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. The question of Namibia has always been and remains a decolonization issue and must be addressed and resolved in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant United Nations resolutions. Any attempt, therefore, to portray the Namibian auestion as a part of an East-West confrontation, or to link it with other extraneous considerations, is in flagrant defiance of the will of the international community, as reflected in the position adopted by the United Nations, and could only have the effect of further delaying the independence of Namibia. "33. The Council firmly rejects and condemns the persistent attempts by the United States and the South African regime to establish a linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalls that both the General Assembly and the Security Council have rejected this linkage and emphasizes that the persistence of such attempts not only retards the decolonization process in Namibia but also constitutes an unwarranted and gross interference in the internal affairs of Angola. It calls upon those who make this correlation to abandon immediately this policy, which is unacceptable and repugnant to the international community. "34. The Council deeply deplores the continued assistance rendered to the South African r4gime by the major Western countries and Israel in the political, economic, military and other fields and calls for an immediate end to such assistance. In particular, the Council condemns and rejects the policy of so-called constructive engagement pursued by the United States Government which has further emboldened the ~aartheid r4igime to intensify its repression of the peoples of Namibia and South Africa and escalate aggression against the front-line States. Such a policy has also encouraged South Africa to continue its intransigence over the independence of Namibia, against the wishes and aspirations of the Namibian people and in defiance of the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. "35. The Council denounces all fraudulent constitutional and political schemes through which South Africa has attempted or may attempt to perpetuate its colonial domination in Namibia, and urges all States to refrain from according any recognition to, or undertaking any kind of co-operation with, any entity installed in Namibia in disregard of relevant United Nations resolutions, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 432 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978). "36. The Council condemns the latest attempts being made by South Africa to circumvent the United Nations plan for Namibia by promoting an internal settlement through the so-called Multi-Party Conference. Such attempts by the racist r4gime, immediately following the decision to establish a so-called state council with the object of drawing up a 'constitution', once again make clear that Pretoria has no intention of complying with the letter and spirit of the United Nations plan and seeks, instead, to consolidate its illegitimate hold on the Territory through the installation of puppet political institutions subservient to its own interests. The Council reaffirms that all -88- such manoeuvres are fraudulent and null and void and that they must be rejected categorically by all States as called for in relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. "37. The Council reiterates that there are only two parties to the conflict in Namibia, namely, the people of Namibia, led by their sole and authentic representative, SWAPO on the one hand, and the illegal occupation rdgime of South Africa, on the other. "38. The Council reaffirms that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remains the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. It calls for the immediate and unconditional implementation of that resolution. The Council urges the Security Council to act decisively in fulfilment of the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia and to take, without further delay, appropriate action to ensure that the United Nations plan, as contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), is not undermined or modified in any way and that it is fully respected and implemented. "39. The Council reiterates that all efforts must be used to counter any sinister manoeuvres aimed at circumventing the United Nations and undermining its primary responsibility for the decolonization of Namibia. In this regard, the Council commends the Secretary-General of the United Nations for his untiring efforts in pursuance of his mandate, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly. "40. The Council reaffirms that the natural resources of Namibia, including its marine resources, are the inviolable heritage of the Namibian people, and in this regard, underscores the importance of the effective implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ which was enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 27 February 1974 and approved by General Assembly resolution 3295 (XXIX) of 13 December 1974. The rapid depletion of the natural resources of the Territory, as a result of their systematic illegal plunder by South Africa and other foreign economic interests, is a grave threat to the integrity and prosperity of an independent Namibia and a matter of deep concern to the Council. "41. The Council condemns the illegal and unscrupulous exploitation of Namibia's resources and calls upon transnational and other corporations to terminate all such activities forthwith. It further calls upon all Governments to take legislative and other appropriate measures to ensure the cessation of these activities and any new investments in Namibia by corporations under their jurisdiction, as well as their compliance with the provisions of the aforementioned Decree. Furthermore, the Council reiterates its resolve to make every effort, including the initiation of legal Proceedings in domestic courts, to ensure compliance with the Decree. Finally, it reaffirms that South Africa and the other foreign economic interests which are illegally exploiting Namibia's land and marine resources are liable to pay reparations to the Government of an independent Namibia. "42. The Council strongly condemns the plunder of Namibian uranium and urges those Governments whose nationals and corporations are involved in the mining or enrichment of, or traffic in, Namibian uranium to take immediate measures to prohibit all such dealings, including uranium prospecting activities, in Namibia. -89-

"43. The Council reiterates its reauest to the Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which operate the Urenco uranium-enrichment plant, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo, which regulates the activities of Urenco. "44. The Council notes with profound concern the continued assistance provided to the South African regime by certain specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system, for example the granting of a loan of $US 1.1 billion in November 1982 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Such assistance only serves to augment the military capability of the Pretoria regime, thus enabling it to continue the brutal suppression of the oppressed majority in South Africa itelf, while subsidizing its illegal occupation of Namibia and, at the same time, encouraging the apartheid r~gime to commit blatant aggression against independent neighbouring States. The Council calls once again upon IMF to terminate all co-operation with and assistance to the apartheid r~gime and urges all States members of the Fund to take appropriate action towards that end. It further calls upon all other international organizations and institutions to bear in mind and to respect the position taken by the United Nations on the cruestion of Namibia and to refrain from any form of co-operation with the Pretoria r6gime. "45. The Council reiterates its conviction that South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its defiance of United Nations resolutions, its brutal repression of the Namibian people, its acts of destabilization and aggression against independent African States and its policies of apartheid constitute a threat to international peace and security. In this context, the Council expresses its dismay at the failure to date of the Security Council to discharge effectively its responsibilities for the maintenance of international peace and security, owing to the opposition of its Western permanent members. The Council considers that comprehensive, mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations are the only effective means to ensure South Africa's compliance with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. "46. The Council urges all States, pending the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions by the Security Council, unilaterally and collectively, to adopt economic measures against the South African r4gime as called for by the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and commends those Governments that have already taken measures towards that end. "47. The Council expresses its appreciation to all Governments, specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have contributed to the United Nations Fund for Namibia in order to assist the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia in the formulation and implementation of their projects, which are of great importance for the economic and social development of Namibia once sovereignty and indegendence are achieved. It underscores the need to continue and increase such assistance. "48. The Council emphasizes the importance of action by local authorities, trade unions, religious bodies, academic institutions, mass media, solidarity movements and other non-governmental organizations, as well as individual men and women, in mobilizing Governments and public opinion, particularly in the Western countries, in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO and in counteracting all forms of -90-

Collaboration with the occupation r6gime in Namibia. It commends all those who have steadfastly supported the Namibian cause for their unswerving commitment and urges them to co-ordinate further and intensify their efforts. "49. The continued bondage of the Namibian people confronts the United Nations with one of the most serious crises in its history. It is a challenge to the very credibility and effectiveness of the United Nations, which assumed direct responsibility for the Territory 17 years ago. South Africa continues to flout with impunity United Nations resolutions and decisions. The racist r4gime manifests no respect whatsoever for the will of the international community, nor for the dignity of the human person, as evidenced by its shameless pursuit of the abhorrent policies of apatheid in Namibia and South Africa. Not only does Pretoria obstinately persist in its illegal occupation of Namibia, it has also repeatedly violated the sovereignty and territorial integrity of independent States through wanton acts of aggression and destabilization. It has also relentlessly pursued its goal of establishing hegemony in the region with the help and encouragement of its powerful allies. It has shown no will to withdraw from Namibia; indeed it has deliberately subverted all efforts to compel it to do so. "50. The Council strongly believes that the United Nations and the international community must take more energetic and concerted action in support of the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination, freedom and national independence, led by their sole and authentic representative, SWAPO. Failure to act now will not only prolong the agony of the Namibian people, who have suffered intolerable injustice and oppression for much too long, but will also inevitably lead to an escalation of the present conflict and further threaten international peace and security. A special responsibility rests with the Security Council, which must act without further delay to secure the implementation of its own relevant resolutions, failing which, it should act to isolate South Africa through the imposition of comprehensive, mandatory sanctions in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. At the same time, Governments and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations can and must play a more active role in bringing pressure to bear on South Africa, with a view to attaining early independence for Namibia, as well as the speedy elimination of the abhorrent system of apartheid. "51. The United Nations Council for Namibia, for its part, is determined to keep the question of Namibia in the forefront of international attention, in order for the Territory to achieve independence without further delay. It resolves to take advantage of every opportunity in every forum to remind the international community of the unimaginable plight of the Namibian people and to mobilize support for their deliverance from this ordeal without having to countenance further prevarication and duplicity on the part of the Pretoria r6gime. "52. In this hundredth year of the heroic struggle of the Namibian people against colonial domination and racist oppression, the Council appeals to all States and to the international community to exert every effort in support of that struggle, in order to ensure that the people of Namibia break their colonial shackles and that an independent Namibia takes its rightful place in the comity of nation States. -91-

Programme of Action "53. In the light of the current critical situation in and around Namibia, resulting from South Africa's continued illegal occupation of the Territory, its persistent defiance of relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, its manoeuvres to subvert the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, the encouragement it continues to receive in its intransigence from major Western countries, its ever increasing military strength which is rendered even more dangerous by its acquisition of a nuclear weapons capability and its wanton acts of aggression and destabilization against independent African States, the United Nations Council for Namibia is convinced that urgent, resolute and concerted international action should be pursued on various fronts to intensify support in all fields for the oppressed people of Namibia, with a view to enabling them to exercise without further delay their inalienable right to self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. Towards this end, action must come from the United Nations, from the Council itself, as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence, as well as from all States, specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and from the people at large. In this context, the Council adopts the following Programme of Action. "54. The Council shall continue to exert every effort to keep the Namibian question in the forefront of international attention, where it duly belongs. It shall intensify its efforts to mobilize international public opinion in support of the just struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. It shall, at the same time, redouble its efforts to expose and denounce the prevarication and intransigence of the Pretoria r~gime and its systematic flouting of United Nations resolutions and decisions in continuing its illegal occupation of Namibia. "55. The Council shall, in pursuance of the aforementioned objective, undertake consultations with Governments, non-governmental organizations and other support groups, with a view to intensifying pressure on South Africa as well as on those States that provide encouragement, support and assistance to Pretoria. In this regard, the Council deems it particularly important to maintain contacts, through missions of consultation or otherwise, with those Member States whose position on the Namibian question is not in conformity with that of the Council, with a view to convincing them of the need to comply with the relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, to cease all forms of collaboration with South Africa and to exert all necessary pressure on Pretoria in order to expedite the achievement of independence by Namibia. "56. The Council calls upon all States, particularly those major Western States and Israel which have close links with South Africa, to appreciate the fact that the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by the racist South African r6gime, 17 years after the United Nations assumed direct responsibility for the Territory and nearly 6 years after the Security Council adopted the United Nations plan for Namibian independence, has created an intolerable situation; it is, therefore, incumbent upon all States and the entire international community to take immediate and decisive action to compel South Africa to comply with relevant United Nations resolutions and to put an end to this extreme case of colonialism. -92-

"57. The Council emphasizes the central role of the United Nations in respect of the Namibian question, stemming from the direct responsibility which the latter has assumed for the Territory. "58. The Council urges the Security Council to exercise decisively its authority with a view to ensuring the implementation of its resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978) and 539 (1983), by taking strong action against the continuing dilatory manoeuvres and fraudulent schemes of the illegal South African administration in Namibia in order to bring about the independence of the Territory without further delay. The Council draws the particular attention of the Security Council to the continuing attempts to bypass or undermine its resolution 435 (1978), which constitutes the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. It is incumbent upon the Council to ensure that such attempts do not succeed. "59. The Council further strongly urges the Security Council, in the light of the serious threat to international peace and security posed by South Africa, to respond positively to the overwhelming demand of the international community by immediately imposing comprehensive mandatory sanctions against that country, as provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter. "60. The Council expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his commitment to the Namibian cause and his untiring efforts directed at the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), in the exercise of the mandate conferred upon him by the Security Council and the General Assembly. It urges him to intensify these efforts. "61. The Council calls upon all States to press for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which is the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. It further calls upon them to reject categorically and to oppose resolutely the attempts by the United States and South Africa to link Namibian independence with issues irrelevant and extraneous to that question, such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. "62. The Council views with grave concern the policy of so-called constructive engagement pursued by the United States, which has had the effect of encouraging South Africa in its intransigence, and calls upon the international community to denounce and resolutely oppose this policy. "63. The Council draws the attention of all States to the continuing attempts of the racist r4gime in Pretoria to impose puppet political institutions and an internal settlement in Namibia in violation of Security Council resolutions 435 (1978) and 439 (1978). These attempts, which are a clear manifestation of South Africa's intention of perpetuating its continued illegal occupation and colonial domination over Namibia, have been condemned, rejected and declared null and void by the General Assembly and the Security Council. The Council calls upon all States and the international community to maintain constant vigilance and not to recognize, or take any action implying recognition of, any such illegal arrangement imposed by Pretoria. "64. Reaffirming that Walvis Bay and the offshore islands constitute integral parts of Namibia, the Council calls upon the Security Council to take effective action, in accordance with its resolution 432 (1978), to ensure the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia and to counter any attempts by South Africa to destroy that integrity through dismemberment of the Territory. -93-

"65. The Council calls upon all Governments to render sustained and increased support to SWAPO, in political, moral, material, military and financial terms, in order to enable it to intensify its struggle for the liberation of Namibia. It also calls upon the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to provide, within their respective spheres of competence, assistance on a priority basis to the people of Namibia through SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. "66. The Council urges all States to give, as a matter of urgency, maximum political, moral and material support, including military assistance, to the front- line States in order to enable them to strengthen their economies and enable them better to repel the overt and covert aggressive actions of South Africa directed at the destabilization of those States. it further calls upon the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to extend, within their respective spheres of activity, all possible assistance to the front-line States. Furthermore, the Council urges all Governments, as well as the agencies and organizations concerned, to support SADCC, of which the front-line States are members, with a view to reducing their dependence on racist South Africa. "67. The Council calls upon the Security Council to take measures to tighten the arms embargo against South Africa imposed by the Security Council in its resolution 418 (1977) and to ensure strict compliance with the embargo by all States. In this connection, the Council calls upon the Security Council to implement, as a matter of urgency, the recommendations contained in the report of the Security Council Committee established by resolution 421 (1977) concerning the question of South Africa. 98/ "68. Pending the imposition of comprehensive, mandatory sanctions against South Africa, the Council requests all Governments to apply sanctions unilaterally and collectively so as to comply with the boycott of South Africa called for by the General Assembly in its resolutions ES-8/2 of 14 September 7.81, 38/36 B of 1 December 1983 and other relevant resolutions. In particular, the Council calls upon Governments to comply fully with the arms embargo against South Africa as called for by the Security Council in its resolution 418 (1977). "69. Viewing with grave concern the increased assistance rendered by the major Western countries and Israel to South Africa in the political, economic, financial, military and nuclear fields, and expressing its conviction that such assistance constitutes a hostile act against the people of Namibia and the front-line States, the Council demands that an immediate end be put to such assistance. The Council calls upon the international community to intensify efforts for the complete and effective isolation of South Africa. "70. Gravely concerned at the serious threat to international peace and security posed by the acquisition of a nuclear weapons capability by South Africa, and recalling the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, 99/ the Council calls upon the Security Council to prevent the acquisition by the Pretoria r6gime of nuclear weapons and to take necessary measures to ensure the total cessation of any collaboration or contact with South Africa in the nuclear field. It further calls upon all States, corporations, institutions and individuals to cease forthwith and refrain from any collaboration or contact with South Africa in the nuclear field. -94-

"71. In the light of the continuing plunder of Namibia's resources, the Council is determined to intensify all efforts aimed at the urgent implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ including the initiation of legal action in appropriate courts, with a view to putting an end to such exploitation. In this regard, the Council calls upon all States to ensure compliance by all government agencies or corporations and individuals within their jurisdiction with the provisions of the Decree. "72. In the context of the Decree, the Council urges the Governments of all countries, particularly of those Western States and Israel whose corporations are involved in the mining and processing of Namibian uranium, to take all appropriate measures, including insistence on the requirement of negative certificates of origin, to prohibit and prevent State-owned and other corporations, together with their subsidiaries, from dealing in Namibian uranium and from engaging in any uranium prospecting activities in Namibia. "73. The Council calls again on the Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which operate the Urenco Uranium enriched plant, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo, which regulates the activities of Urenco. "74. The Council will actively consider the feasibility, in the exercise of its rights under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 59/ of proclaiming an exclusive economic zone for Namibia. "75. The Council urges all Governments, specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and all intergovernmental organizations to provide increased material assistance to the thousands of Namibian refugees who have been forced by the apartheid r4gime's oppressive policies to flee into the neighbouring independent States. "76. The Council demands the immediate and unconditional release of all Namibian political prisoners held at Robben Island and other racist gaols and detention centres in apartheid South Africa and occupied Namibia. The Council further demands that SWAPO freedom fighters who have been charged under the repressive 'Terrorism Act' by the illegal Pretoria rdgime, together with all other captured Namibian freedom fighters, be accorded prisoner-of-war status under the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 94/ and Additional Protocol I thereto (A/32/144, annex I) pending their release. "77. The Council calls upon all States to adopt legislative and other effective measures to prevent the recruitment, training and transit of mercenaries for service in Namibia. "78. The Council appeals to all Governments, specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to contribute or to increase their contribution to the United Nations Fund for Namibia in order to assist the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia in the formulation and implementation of projects in support of the Namibian people, projects which are of particular importance for the economic and social development of an independent Namibia. -95-

"79. The Council will consider ways and means to derive full benefit from Namibia's membership in various specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in which it represents Namibia, by making concrete proposals within the respective spheres of competence of those bodies directed at promoting the interests of the Namibian people. Council delegations attending meetings of those international bodies should make comprehensive preparations and have available specific briefs, to the fullest extent possible. The Council urges all specialized agencies, and other organizations of the United Nations system to extend to it the fullest possible co-operation, as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence, and to facilitate concrete programmes of assistance for Namibia. "80. The Council, while expressing its appreciation to all those non-governmental organizations and support groups that are actively engaged in supporting the struggle of the Namibian people, urges such organizations and groups to intensify and broaden, in co-operation with the Council, international action in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people and to increase their material, political and moral support to SWAPO. "81. The Council further appeals to the non-governmental organizations to widen their campaign to increase the awareness of their national communities regarding the exploitation of the resources of Namibia by foreign economic interests in complete disregard of the Decree, and to insist that those foreign economic interests withdraw from Namibia immediately. "82. Furthermore, the Council urges all non-governmental organizations and support groups to campaign in their countries in support of a comprehensive programme of sanctions in order effectively to isolate South Africa politically, economically, militarily and culturally, as well as in sports, and to monitor, in association with the United Nations Council for Namibia, the implementation of that programme. "83. Taking into account the importance of the activities of non-governmental organizations and support groups aimed at promoting the Namibian cause, the Council will take steps through direct contacts as well as through the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat and the United Nations information centres to achieve closer and more effective co-operation with such organizations. "84. The Council, fully conscious of the crucial role that trade unions could play in the campaign to isolate South Africa, urges them to take all appropriate action, including organizing an embargo on all shipments to and from South Africa, as well as transport and communication with that country. "85. The Council appeals to information media, specialized media organizations and individuals working in the field of communications and information to intensify to the maximum extent possible the dissemination of public information concerning the struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination and national independence and the imperative need to terminate the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa. It endorses the call made by the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, 18/ urging writers, commentators, lecturers, film directors and other persons in the arts to conduct a major world-wide campaign of solidarity for the Namibian cause. -96-

"86. The Council notes with appreciation the co-operation extended to date by the Department of Public Information in disseminating information on the struggle for the independence of Namibia. It deems it desirable, nevertheless, that dissemination programmes should be given a new technological impetus and that the number of information channels should be increased so as to reach a wider audience, particularly in countries where information is lacking or available in distorted form. The Council also invites the information departments of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, and particularly the Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to participate in this new information campaign. "87. The Council underscores the importance of systematic follow-up action with regard to missions of consultation which it undertakes. In this regard, the Council proposes to maintain more regular and active contacts with countries visited by missions of the Council, by means of contacts through diplomatic channels in New York and otherwise." C. Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security 496. By its resolution 38/36 C, the General Assembly authorized the Council to organize regional symposia on the situation in Namibia with a view to intensifying active support for the Namibian cause. Pursuant to the above resolution, the Council decided to conduct a regional symposium at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984. 497. The Council delegation to the Symposium was as follows: Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), Chairman Fenjun Zhang (China), Vice-Chairman Antonio Jean-Poix (Haiti), Vice-Chairman Godwin 0. Agamah (Nigeria), Vice- Chairman Ivan Yevgenjevich Kartashov (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Vice-Chairman Hannu Halinen (Finland), Rapporteur Tommo Monthe (Cameroon), Spokesman of the President of the Council Mohiuddin Ahmad, representative of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Netumbo Ndaitwah, SWAPO representative in East Africa 498. The Symposium was attended by delegations of Member States; a representative of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; representatives of the Special Committee against Apartheid; the Executive Secretary of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa; a representative of the Secretary-General, a representative of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General of the Department for Disarmament Affairs; national liberation movements; representatives of non-governmental organizations and support groups; and individuals. -97-

499. The solemn session of the symposium was opened by the Chairman both of the Symposium and the Council delegation, Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka, in his capacity as President of the Council. Statements were made by Mr. John Malecela, Minister for Communications and Transport of the United Republic of Tanzania; Ms. Netumbo Ndaitwah, representative of SWAPO; Mr. Paul Rupiah, representative of the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; Mr. Willi Schlegel, representative of the Special Committee against Apartheid; Brigadier Hashen Mbita, Executive Secretary of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa; and Mr. Albert Picho Owiny, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Uganda and Chairman of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa. 500. During the closing ceremony, statements were made by Mr. Raphael Korosso, Director for Africa and the Middle East of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the United Republic of Tanzanial the representative of SWAPO; and the Chairman of the Symposium and President of the Council. 501. The programme of dissemination of information included a two-day journalists' encounter prior to the Symposium. In addition to the general publicity which was provided at the venue of the Symposium, the journalists and broadcasters covered all aspects of the Question of Namibia extensively in their press releases and broadcasts. 502. The participants in the Symposium considered in-depth the situation in and relating to a number of major issues concerning Namibia. They expressed grave concern at South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia, the serious threat to international peace and security posed by that illegal occupation and the support given to the racist Pretoria r6gime by its Western allies which enabled it to maintain its repressive colonial stranglehold over Namibia and to carry out acts of aggression against neighbouring States. 503. The participants affirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and national independence and stressed the urgent need for the international community to render all-round support for their just struggle for national liberation under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 504. The participants emphasized their concern at the continued defiance by the occupationist Pretoria r~gime of the United Nations resolutions and decisions on Namibia calling upon that rigime to withdraw from the Territory. In that regard, the Minister for Communications and Transport of the United Republic of Tanzania stressed that South Africa's flouting of the principles of international law and the United Nations resolutions on Namibia constituted a serious challenge to the world community and symbolized a failure of the United Nations to restore to the people of the Territory their freedom and independence. 505. The President of the Council emphasized the need for increased and immediate intensification of concrete action by the international community in support of the struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 506. The participants expressed the view that South Africa's persistent defiance of the General Assembly and Security Council resolutions on the question of Namibia served to demonstrate the lack of political will by certain States Members of the United Nations to support the implementation of the resolutions on Namibia and -98- called upon the international community to take concrete and decisive action to force South Africa to withdraw its illegal administration from Namibia. 507. The participants condemned the political, economic and military support which some Western States continued to render to South Africa, thus enabling the racist rdgime to continue in its illegal occupation of Namibia, its war of repression against the Namibian people, its persistent acts of aggression launched from bases in Namibia against independent African States, its policies of apartheid and its development of a nuclear weapons capability, all of which constituted a serious threat to international peace and security. The participants further condemned all foreign economic interests involved in the exploitation of Namibia's natural resources in violation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ 508. The participants called upon the international community to support the liberation struggle waged by the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. In that connection, the Executive Secretary of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa observed that PLAN, the military wing of SWAPO, had continued to mount armed attacks on the racist South African occupying forces and had continued to enjoy popular support in the Territory. He emphasized that the support which OAU was rendering to the people of Namibia would continue in the form of material, financial, political and diplomatic assistance. 509. The SWAPO representative said that the people of Namibia had long resolved to liberate themselves from the colonial oppression imposed upon them by the racist Pretoria rdgime. She also stated that the people of Namibia had become fully politicized as a result of the ongoing programme of political mobilization undertaken by SWAPO. 510. At its 5th meeting, on 5 April 1984, the Symposium adopted a final communiqu4, the text of which is reproduced in paragraph 1099. D. Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources 511. In the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia. until independence, the Council conducted the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984, in order to obtain relevant information on the exploitation of the people and resources of Namibia by South Africa and other foreign economic interests and to expose such activities. 512. The Seminar was also intended to mobilize further international public opinion in support of the demands by the international community that foreign economic, financial and other interests operating in Namibia comply with all the relevant resolutions of the United Nations by immediately refraining from any new investments or activities in Namibia, by withdrawing from the Territory and by putting an end to their co-operation with the illegal South African administration in the Territory. 513. The Seminar was conducted by a delegation of the Council composed of the following members: -99-

Love Kunda M'tesa (Zambia), Chairman Adao Soleymane (Angola), Vice-Chairman Donnilo Anwar (Indonesia), Vice-Chairman Milivoje Zagajac (Yugoslavia), Vice-Chairman Alexandros N. Vikis (Cyprus), Rapporteur 514. Mr. Billy Mwaningange, representative of SWAPO at Belgrade, also participated in the Seminar. Mr. Shola Omoregie represented the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia. 515. The Seminar was preceded by a journalists' encounter organized by the Department of Public Information in co-operation with the Council. The encounter was held on 12 and 13 April 1984 and was attended by prominent editors and journalists from 15 countries. Representatives of the Pool of Non- Aligned News Agencies and of the Pan-African News Agency (PANA) also participated in the encounter. 516. The Seminar was conducted in eight meetings at which 21 participants, including scholars, representatives of non-governmental organizations, journalists and other eminent persons, discussed various aspects of the activities of foreign economic interests operating illegally in Namibia. 517. Representatives of 17 Member States also attended the Seminar as observers. 518. The Seminar was opened by Mr. Anton Vratusa, President of the Foreign Policy Committee of the Yugoslav Assembly. In his opening statement Mr. Vratusa spoke of the commitment of the Government and people of Yugoslavia to the speedy independence of Namibia and reiterated his country's full support for the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. He also stated that the protection of Namibia's resources was vital to the achievement of its independence. He further emphasized that a comprehensive international policy was needed to end the foreign economic exploitation of Namibia's considerable human and natural resources and that the Seminar would heighten international public awareness of the issue. 519. The Chairman of the Council stated that despite repeated United Nations resolutions, the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971 1/ and the enactment of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia in 1974, 2/ transnational corporations based in South Africa, Western Europe, the United States and Canada had not only continued but had also increased their illegal economic activities in the Territory. 520. He stressed that it was incumbent upon the international community to safeguard the finite natural resources of Namibia, which were the birthright of its people, from ruthless exploitation by foreign economic interests. In view of the cultural, social, political, military and economic implications of the collaboration between South Africa and foreign economic interests, such collaboration should be exposed, condemned and brought to an immediate end. He said the Council would continue to support all efforts to heighten the awareness of decision- makers and the general public of the exploitative activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia. -100-

521. The Chairman noted the presence of 17 Namibian students who were studying at the International Centre for Public Enterprises in Developing Countries (ICPE), the venue of the Seminar, under scholarships granted by the Government of Yugoslavia, and said that they and other Namibian students elsewhere would soon assume important responsibilities in an independent Namibia. 522. The Executive Director of ICPE said that Namibia had been a member of ICPE since its establishment five years earlier and stated that the co-operation of ICPE with Namibia had been fruitful, particularly in the area of human resource development. He also drew attention to the Centre's public enterprise management training programme and development planning course for Namibian students. The Centre had also been involved in research on Namibia, including a study on the role of public enterprises after independence. 523. The representative of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples said that the Special Committee had long declared that activities of foreign economic and other interests in Namibia were a serious obstacle which must be removed in order to hasten the decolonization of the Territory and to enable it to achieve political independence and racial equality. The Special Committee therefore condemned the policies of Governments that continued to support or collaborate with those foreign economic and other interests engaged in exploiting Namibia's natural and human resources. It also strongly condemned those Western and other States as well as transnational corporations which continued investing in South Africa and supplying armaments, oil and nuclear technology to the racist r4gime. 524. The representative of SWAPO stated that it was vitally important that the Council continue to organize such seminars with a view to further exposing the illegal activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia. Transnational corporations must be condemned for supporting the socio-economic and political situation in Namibia and the denial of freedom and self-determination to the Namibian people by South Africa. Pretoria's continuing violation of all resolutions of the United Nations and other norms of international law had been condoned by the foreign corporations which co-operated with it. Its policy of economic destabilization and military aggression against the developing States of the region had been encouraged by the Western imperialist countries as well as their multinational corporations, which gave little if any, economic support to those newly independent countries. 525. He called for serious measures to be applied against those foreign economic interests that were plundering the resources of Namibia. The countries that continued to allow their companies to maintain economic links with South Africa, especially in the exploitation of Namibia's resources in defiance of the Decree, were responsible for the destruction of both the economic and the human resources of Namibia. In conclusion, he expressed the hope that the conclusions and recommendations of the Seminar would contribute to future United Nations actions to protect Namibia's resources and would mobilize further efforts to find a final solution to the decolonization of Namibia. 526. The participants in the Seminar discussed various aspects of the exploitative policies of South African and other foreign economic interests in Namibia, the nature of Namibia's economy and the exploitation of the Territory's human as well as mineral, agricultural and marine resources. In addition, the participants discussed in-depth the strategic interests in Namibia's resources and the political -101- consequences of foreign investment in those interests; investments, finance and banking activities reinforcing the illegal occupation of Namibia; the nature of co- operation between foreign economic interests and the illegal South African r6gime; shipping interests that facilitate the export of Namibia's resources; the policies of certain Western and other Governments towards economic interests under their jurisdiction illegally operating in Namibia. The full text of the report of the Council delegation to the Seminar is contained in document A/AC.131/146. 527. At the 8th meeting of the Seminar, on 20 April 1984, the participants adopted the following conclusions and recommendations* for submission to the Council: "l. Conclusions "(I) The Namibian issue has long acquired the scope of a serious international roblem going beyond the framework of regional and even inter-African relations. "(2) Namibia is an extreme case of colonialism presenting a threat to peace and security in the region and the world. An independent and free Namibia would serve to safeguard and strengthen peace in southern Africa and the whole world. "(3) The Seminar believes that assistance and support for the just struggle being waged by the Namibian people under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), recognized by the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people, is crucial in helping to eliminate a dangerous hotbed of tension. "(4) The Seminar recognizes that there exist in the world two fundamentally different social systems and that the route through which the liberation of southern Africa can proceed lies in peaceful coexistence. A lessening of international tension and the establishment of a climate of confidence in international affairs would create favourable conditions for accelerating the process of decolonization in Namibia. It is the unwillingness of the Western capitalist countries to follow this logical process which constitutes not only an impediment to the freeing of Namibia but also a threat to world peace. "(5) The Seminar considers that the policy of 'constructive engagement' of the United States of America is directed towards projecting its image as a moderating and pacifying agent in the region. In reality, this policy is serving to obstruct and nullify progress towards the attainment of independence by Namibia through the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978. "(6) With the continuance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia, there has been an intensification and expansion of the exploitation of Namibia's human and natural resources by South Africa and the transnational corporations. * Previously issued as document A/AC.131/117. -102-

"(7) The military, political and strategic interests of the major imperialist States, particularly the United States, together with the desire of their transnational corporations to accumulate further huge profits from the plunder and exploitation of Namibia's natural and human resources, are the main obstacles to the speedy and unconditional attainment of independence by Namibia. "(8) The plunder of minerals, particularly uranium, by foreign interests has provided large revenues for the illegal South African r6gime and other foreign economic interests. The further importance of Namibia for South Africa and other foreign economic interests lies not only in the huge profits foreign companies are making but also in proven and potential reserves of uranium oxide and base metals. "(9) The mineral resources of southern Africa are exploited by transnational corporations, in collaboration with capitalist countries which, in turn, justify that exploitation by arguing that those mineral resources are of vital importance to them. It is particularly necessary to expose the role of South African propaganda in making exaggerated claims as to the importance of the mineral resources, particularly in the United States and the countries of the European Economic Community (EEC). "(10) Support by Western corporations and Governments for South Africa's control of Namibia is linked to various forms of racism. Conversely, the struggle for the liberation of Namibia is part of the general struggle against racism. "(11) The leading Western Powers, in collaboration with South Africa, have sought to emasculate the national liberation movements so as to preserve their dominance over the production and distribution of the natural wealth and strategic resources located in the region. "(12) The Seminar condemns the co-operation of the United States and Israel with South Africa in the nuclear field, which has created the conditions for South Africa to produce and test its nuclear weapons and has thus increased the threat to the region and the world. "(13) South Africa's claims to the Orange River, Walvis Bay and the offshore islands are invalid and threaten the territorial integrity of Namibia and its future development. "(14) The Seminar views the moves by certain regional European organizations to provide humanitarian assistance to pre-independent Namibia as implicit support for continued South African rule and as unwarranted interference in both the future development of Namibia and the authority of the United Nations over the Territory. "(15) The loans by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to South Africa help to finance South Africa's military build-up, its war of repression against the people of Namibia and its persistent acts of aggression launched from bases in Namibia against African States, as well as its development of a nuclear weapons capability. They constitute a serious obstacle to Namibia's independence. -103-

"(16) There is a South African strategy to increase the loans and investment in Namibia's infrastructure with the apparent intention of burdening an independent Namibia with a heavy debt to South Africa. "(17) The educational system has been an essential art of the colonial suppression of the Namibian people for 100 years, first by German and British imperialism and now by the apartheid r6gime. The main aim of this system is to prevent the people of Namibia from realizing their legitimate right to self-determination. The present educational system in Namibia is completely inadequate and can in no way meet the educational requirements of an independent Namibia. "(18) Foreign economic interests are engaged in the militarization of Namibia's economy and assist South Africa's illegal occupation of the Territory through their vast revenue contributions, military-related contracts and by arming South African-controlled 'civilian' forces. "(19) The Seminar expresses strong support for the national liberation struggle waged by the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. It calls upon the international community to increase substantially its moral, political, diplomatic and material support to the cause of Namibia and to the heroic struggle of the Namibian people against foreign domination and exploitation. "2. Recommendations "(20) The United Nations Council for Namibia should immediately commission or initiate an investigation into the role of the mineral resources of South Africa and Namibia in the economies of the importing countries and of the part played by transnational corporations in the exploitation of those resources. "(21) The Council should stimulate further research on strategic shipping links with Namibia, compile legislation from countries which adhere to the oil embargo and publish a list of tankers and oil companies which have been involved in shipping oil to Namibia and South Africa. "(22) The Council should consider as part of its reparations programme the royalties and other sources of Namibian wealth which are being paid to South Africa and which it uses to carry out its war in Namibia. "(23) The Seminar commends the Council for its strong support of the world campaign against the IMF loans to South Africa and recommends that the Council continue its support until the loans have been terminated. "(24) Actions to achieve the objectives of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 2/ should be taken in national courts of certain Western and other States which permit transnational corporations under their jurisdiction to plunder Namibia's resources. Where such court actions succeed, the same process should be followed in other national jurisdictions. The Seminar notes in this connection, that as part of its programme of work for 1984 (see A/AC.131/103), the Council will send a mission to France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, the -104-

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and other Western European countries in May in order to consult with and seek legal advice from lawyers and non-governmental organizations regarding the implementation of the Decree in those countries. Furthermore, in June, the Council will hold a regional symposium in Rome to consider the institution of legal proceedings in Western European and other countries where corporations or individuals engaged in economic activities in Namibia are based. "(25) Assistance should be given to non-governmental organizations to build coalitions with other anti-racist groups in order to strengthen the struggle for the liberation of Namibia. "(26) The Seminar recommends that the Council urge the Government of Japan to stop the purchase of Namibian uranium by Japanese companies and to announce publicly that it has taken measures to prevent this trade, thus setting an example to other nations. "(27) The Council should publish and distribute widely the paper presented to the Seminar by the shipping Research Bureau. "(28) The Seminar appeals to all States, Governments, international organizations and the United Nations to increase the number of scholarships granted to Namibians and to train cadres for a free Namibia. "(29) Those Governments exporting or selling crude oil should pass legislation introducing 'No South African end user' clauses into sales contracts and should monitor the contracts to verify final destinations. Sanctions should then be applied against oil and shipping companies which violate government policy. "(30) As part of the process of ensuring that a neo-colonialist solution is not forced upon Namibia, wider publicity should be given to SWAPO policy documents and to all efforts and proposals for the transition of Namibia to independence. "(31) The Seminar urges all Governments, specialized agencies, trade unions and other organizations to expand their support and assistance to the National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW), so that it may resist more effectively the growing exploitation of labour in that country by the racist rigime of South Africa and the transnational corporations that collaborate with it. "(32) Trade unions and non-governmental organizations should compile information on strategic shipments to and from Namibia and South Africa. "(33) The Seminar considers that there is a lack of up-to-date information concerning the situation in Namibia in many areas and emphasizes the need for wider, more current dissemination of such information by the United Nations and other agencies to Member States and non-governmental organizations." -105-

E. Mission of Consultation to Western Europe to Seek Legal Advice on the Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 528. The Mission of Consultation to France, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany was undertaken in pursuance of resolution 38/36 C, by which the General Assembly decided that the Council should take all measures to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Decree, including consideration of the institution of legal proceedings in the domestic courts of States and other appropriate bodies. 529. During its visit to France, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany from 24 April to 4 May 1984, the Mission was composed of Messrs. Mohamed K. Amr (Egypt), Chairman, Jonathan Lichilana (Zambia), Petre Vlascennu (Romania) and Nangolo Ithete (SWAPO). The representatives of Zambia (Chairman), Romania, Egypt and SWAPO comprised the delegation which visited the United Kingdom from 5 to 12 May 1984. 530. In the countries visited, the Mission held discussions with non-governmental organizations and other groups sympathetic to the Namibian cause on ways of effectively implementing the Decree. The Mission sought legal advice from lawyers on the possibility of the Council instituting in the courts of those countries visited legal proceedings against transnational corporations and other business concerns importing or dealing with Namibian goods incompatible with the Decree. 531. During the discussions, the lawyers, non-governmental organizations and other groups shared the views of the Mission that the natural resources of Namibia, in particular uranium products, were being constantly exploited by foreign and other interests associated with or based in the countries concerned. While commending the Council for the various measures it had taken over the years to safeguard the natural resources of Namibia, the parties consulted remained cognizant of the fact that those measures had been undermined by South Africa's persistent attempts to perpetuate its illegal occupation of Namibia, encouraged by those foreign economic and other interests engaged in the systematic plunder of Namibian uranium and other natural resources of the country. 532. The various groups expressed the view that the Council should consider proceeding with legal measures against those who infringed the provisions of the Decree. They pledged their full support for any legal action envisaged by the Council. 533. The Mission held consultations with lawyers in the countries visited on the following three issues: the legal status in those countries of the United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia, in particular General Assembly resolution 3295 (XXIX) of 13 December 19741 persons or organizations competent to bring action in the courts of those countries; and the possible procedures that could be adopted for instituting legal action. 534. During discussions in France on the first issue, the Mission was informed that as a general principle, United Nations resolutions did not have juridical value under French law. The only exceptions to that rule were resolutions of the Security Council relating to the maintenance of peace. Security Council resolutions on Namibia also carried a certain amount of international impact and force. The Decree, however, did not fall into that category. -106-

535. It was suggested, however, that indirect enforcement of the Decree could be achieved by bringing it within the purview of international instruments of human rights, or through corporate action. 536. With regard to the same issue, those consulted in the Netherlands recalled that the Government of that country had fully recognized both the Decree and the competence of the Council to enact it. 537. In the United Kingdom, the Mission was informed that the Government did not enforce international law. There were, however, some resolutions which the United Kingdom regarded as embodying certain enforceable principles of international law, namely those adopted by the Security Council under Article 39 of the Charter. Since the Decree had not been enacted by one of those resolutions, it could not be enforced by the courts in the United Kingdom. 538. On the question of the legal applicability of the Decree in the Federal Republic of Germany, the lawyers informed the Mission that resolutions of the General Assembly were regarded as mere recommendations which were not binding in local courts. Therefore, the Decree, having been approved by the General Assembly, was not binding and could not be enforced by the courts. 539. On that issue, the Mission, in its recommendations to the Council, strongly advised that immediate steps be taken by the Council to clarify the relationship between the Decree and relevant resolutions of the Security Council on the question of Namibia so as to enhance its effectiveness and enforceability in those countries whose Governments regarded it as a mere recommendation of the General Assembly. 540. With regard to the second issue (see para. 533), the lawyers differed in their opinions as to which persons or bodies could be accorded legal standing in the courts of the various countries. In France, the lawyers stated that legal standing could be given to the Council, the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, non-governmental organizations with United Nations consultation status, anyone who strongly advocated the principles of human rights, SWAPO and/or Namibians residing in France. In the Federal Republic of Germany, only the Council, acting on behalf of the United Nations, would have legal standing in its local courts. In the Netherlands, such standing would be accorded to either the 0., ncil or the Commissioner acting on behalf of the Council. In the United iingdom, there could be reasonable grounds for satisfying the courts that the Council had the necessary legal standing, but it was advisable for the United Nations itself and the Council to be joint plaintiffs. 541. In its recommendations to the Council on that question, the Mission indicated that the suggestion that legal proceedings should be initiated by bodies or persons other than the Council, and without using the Decree as the basis of the proceedings, should be carefully examined by the Council, bearing in mind that the adoption of such a course of action may be interpreted in some circles as compromising the legal standing of the Council and/or that of the Decree. 542. On the preliminary procedures to be adopted for commencing legal action in the various courts, the lawyers in France suggested that an investigation should be conducted to ascertain what actions stood the best chances of success in the French courts with regard to the involvement of French corporations engaged in the illegal exploitation of Namibian resources. The judge could be requested to designate an expert to investigate and obtain specific proof of companies that were engaged in the illegal plunder of Namibia's resources. That exercise would be followed by a -107- written injunction served on the defendant transnational corporation, requesting a written response from that corporation on the report compiled by the expert. If the response was unsatisfactory, the matter would be taken to court. 543. In the Netherlands, the preliminary procedural step recommended by the lawyers was to obtain from scholars of international law, a written opinion on all the issues involved in the implementation of the Decree in that country. 544. On the same question, the lawyers in the Federal Republic of Germany considered that action could be initiated in the European Court in Luxembourg, which had responsibility for the alleged illegal acts by corporations in the countries in Europe which bought Namibian uranium or arranged contracts for the delivery of Namibian uranium. 545. On the question of initiating the envisaged proceedings, the lawyers in the United Kingdom suggested that legal Counsel draft the documentation in order to commence the proceedings, whether it would take the form of writ of summons, with the supporting statement of claim, or petition, depending upon the nature of the proceedings. That document would be issued by the court and served on the defendant. Consideration of possible defendants in that regard would include companies in the United Kingdom involved in exploring, exploiting or exporting Namibian natural resources, or companies in the United Kingdom which imported or re-distributed or handled such natural resources depending upon the conclusions reached about the likely alternative courses of action. 546. A detailed report of this Mission has been published under the symbol A/AC.131/133. F. Seminar on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia 547. The Seminar on the Efforts of the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia was held at ICAO headquarters, at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984. The purpose of the Seminar was to assess the current critical situation in and relating to Namibia in the light of South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia and examine in detail, practical measures to increase support for the struggle of the Namibian people for self- determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative; to assist the front-line States in resisting South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilization; and to ensure the immediate implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia. 548. The Seminar, whose proceedings were conducted in seven meetings, was attended by representatives of nine member States, and included 35 participants representing non-governmental organizations, national support groups and liberation movements, parliamentarians, scholars and experts. 549. The Council delegation, which constituted the Bureau of the Seminar, was composed of the following members: Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), Chairman Kalin Mitrev (Bulgaria) Chiedu I. Osakwe (Nigeria) Ali Sarwar Naqvi (Pakistan) -108-

The delegation of the Council included Messrs. Theo-Ben Gurirab, Permanent Observer of SWAPO to the United Nations, and his deputy, Pius H. Asheeke, as well as Mohiuddin Abmad, representative of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia. 550. The Seminar was opened by the Chairman, Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia). Statements were also made at the opening session by Messrs. Eric Bergbush, Director of the African Affairs Division of the Department of External Affairs of Canada; Yves Lambert, Secretary-Genera lfICAO;a __l!M_4Un Tanzania), Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee- t - -ation with regard to the Impleme "o-- -- n on the Countries and Peoples1 and Pius H. Asheeke. of SWAP0.551. cThiis o Or f E tht r- t- I. i negotiations following the adoption of Security Council resolution_4_J_9_ 18) -intensive efforts of the international community to i e-- -_4at- a-pLan tor the independence of ?amiaA a - _.... by the illegal occupation r4gime which had continued to place one-obstaale aftaF another to sabotage the negotiating process wh-r---. - flexibility and statesmanship. 552. He stated that the continued attempts by racist South Africa and the United States to link the Namibian question with extraneous and irrelevant issu1. at Lusaka in May _ _... . readiness to * . .. __.. __ . . had pledged its willingness to sign a cease-fire agree _h_ AfrCaRon thother hand, had reopened issue Intl _ -' 4 United Nations, which had a-lad- r - in mid-l ) n1 YflrIL result, the proceeding with the imu --at --&- awi __rame irSecurity Council resolution 435 (L97I) 553. In his statement, the representative of SWAPO drew attention to the--coi-- suf-- %9- amian people for one century. Today, Namibia remained a military garrison where the South African illegal occupation r4gime had deployed a massive and sophisticated military machine, targetted at the innocent children, women and men whose crime was their just demand for freedom j',1sbLeandre . 554. Racist South Afri gh j ...... 11 agl_ - _ -- W repression in Namibia with the encouragement and support of its major Western allies who had collaborated with Pretoria in economic, militari. 't_ . diplomatic and other fields - .. .. lie remained intransigent and defiant because it could count on the-support Of L but powerful imper-a-j-j-' b t o constructive engagement". He further stated that during the painful--roce-o negotiations, those countries had forced qw-po and th- - -_t- . one ones- ior. - e latest-such-sia ______policy. 555. He said that SWAPOb .. - di LkO =oL-enred, an------should arrive at practical coheir at i f . -t~u 'r es pat icularly thos _r '" -aurt the Pretoria r4gim i-te-d a serious threat tn "

556. The discussions at the Seminar concentrated on four themes: (a) Namibia: a unique responsibility of the United Nations: an overview; (b) efforts by the international community towards the settlement of the Namibian question, particularly since the adoption of Security Council resolution 435 (1978); (c) impediments to the settlement of the Namibian question; and (d) international action in support of Namibia's independence. 557. Several participants stated that although the political foundation for a just solution to the Namibian question had been laid for several years, the United Nations plan as contained in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) had not been implemented due to the obstructionist position adopted by South Africa. The policies of South Africa had received the tacit support of certain Western Powers, especially the United States, which had enabled the racist regime to receive political, diplomatic, economic and military support. The most recent obstacle introduced by Pretoria and the United States had been the attempt to link the independence of Namibia with the withdrawal of Cuban forces in Angola. The entire international community, including the Security Council, had unequivocally rejected that "linkage" as extraneous and irrelevant. 558. Security Council resolution 435 (1978) had been described as a compromise or consensus formula, largely a plan of the so-called Western Contact Group. SWAPO had expressed difficulties with Security Council resolution 435 (1978), but had accepted it in the name of progress towards a solution. South Africa and its allies had even attempted to bypass that plan, indeed to bypass the United Nations itself. The United States had been one of the authors of the resolution and yet it was the United States that had introduced the so-called issue of linkage. Several participants stated that a new United Nations initiative was required for the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 559. In view of the current impasse in the negotiations and the intransigence of South Africa, international efforts must be redoubled to mobilize support for the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Council, OAU, Governments and non-governmental organizations must increase and widen their activities in support of SWAPO, and counter the policies of South Africa and its allies. Specific actions were discussed and are contained in the conclusions and recommendations of the participants (see para. 561). 560. Several participants described, in detail, the actions and campaigns undertaken by their organizations in support of Namibian independence. They also described the problems they faced in launching their campaigns and discussed specific areas of co-operation with the Council, SWAPO and non- governmental organizations in order to launch an international campaign for Namibian independence. 561. At the concluding meeting the Seminar adopted the following conclusions and recommendations:* "I. Conclusions "(1) The Seminar affirms that Namibia is a direct responsibility of the United Nations and condemns all attempts by South Africa to bypass the United Nations through puppet institutions or so-called regional settlements. Previously issued as document A/AC.131/135. -110-

"(2) The Seminar affirms its total commitment to the inali " . of the people of Namibia to self-d accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of-tbeLt -Nations. Walvis Bay and the Penguin and other offshore islands. "(4) The Seminar expresses its full support for and solidarity with the people of Namibia in their heroic liberation struggle under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), their sole and authentic representative. '(5) The Seminar notes with concern that 18 years after the termination of South Africa's mandate over Namibia and 13 years after the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971, 1/ South Africa continues its illegal occupation of Namibia in disregard of the aspirations of the Namibian people and the wishes of the international community. "(6) Having critically discussed Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), the Seminar notes that the latter resolution was worked out as a result of initiatives of the so-called Western Contact Group (Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America) and is thus a compromise resolution. The Seminar notes that both SWAPO and South Africa, the two parties to the conflict in Namibia, accept Security Council resolution 435 (1978) which must therefore be the only basis for the peaceful settlement of the Namibian problem. "(7) The Seminar expresses grave concern that the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) is being obstructed by the insistence of the United States and South Africa, supported by the United Kingdom, that the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola is inextricably linked with a settlement of the Namibian problem. The Seminar declares that the presence of Cuban forces in Angola is entirely a matter between the sovereign States of Angola and Cuba and has nothing to do with the decolonization of Namibia. "(8) The Seminar declares categorically that the principal impediment to the implementation of the United Nations plan for Namibia has been, and continues to be, the persistent refusal of South Africa to comply with its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and with the resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. "(9) The Seminar notes with deep concern that South Africa has been encouraged to delay the independence of Namibia by certain major Western Powers, especially the United States, who have used the veto to prevent the Security Council from imposing comprehensive and mandatory economic sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter. "(10) The Seminar notes with alarm that South Africa's defiance of United Nations resolutions has been accompanied by its increased repression in Namibia and by its widespread and repeated acts of armed aggression, as well as political and economic destabilization, against neighbouring independent States, particularly Angola. -111-

"(11) The participants condemn the collaboration between racist South Africa and certain Western countries and Israel in the economic, military, nuclear, political and other fields, which has encouraged that rigime to continue the brutal repression in South Africa and Namibia, as well as to carry out acts of military aggression against front-line and other States in the region. "(12) The participants also condemn the latest visit by Mr. Pieter Botha, Prime Minister of racist South Africa, to several Western European countries as yet another sinister plot aimed at undermining the efforts by the international community to keep apartheid South Africa in isolation. "(13) The Seminar notes with grave concern that the exploitation of Namibia's resources and the military repression of its people are made possible by the constant flow of petroleum products to South Africa and Namibia in violation of the United Nations oil embargo against South Africa. "(14) The Seminar condemns the activities of all foreign economic interests that are plundering and exploiting the natural and human resources of Namibia in violation of United Nations resolutions and decisions, including Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the Council on 27 September 1974. "(15) In the light of the foregoing, the Seminar concludes that the liberation of Namibia is one of the most critical tasks facing the international community today and that urgent world-wide action must be taken to enable the United Nations to fulfil its unique responsibility towards Namibia. "2. Recommendations "(16) The Seminar calls for the immediate and unconditional implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia contained in Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) and, should South Africa fail to comply, for the application of mandatory and comprehensive sanctions against that regime under Chapter VII of the Charter. "(17) The Seminar calls for an immediate and special meeting of the Security Council to take urgent action on the question of Namibia. "(18) The Seminar urges the international community to increase its allround political, material, military, financial and moral support to SWAPO in order to intensify the armed liberation struggle for the early independence of Namibia. "(19) The Seminar calls upon the international community to give effective economic and military support to the front-line States to enable them to strengthen their national defence against South Africa's aggression and to continue their support for the liberation struggle in Namibia and South Africa. -112-

%4 Tne beminar condemns the aparthei system in South and rejects the so-callede Semirr r x. _ --support f -ica or a...... -democratic society. " 2 ( ) '- -- -ut----.-i- a Pretoria r6gime in prisons and con- _Namibia. "(22) The Seminar notes with appreciation the commend I ng performed by the United Nations Council for Namibia; recognize5-t_ _difficulties faced by the Council in the execution of its mandate; realizes and -ca-1-s- memoer States of the Council to support the work of the Council in accordance with General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V of 19 M y which the Council was established. "(23) The Seminar strongly urges the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and independent African Governments to collaborate more closely and effectively with the Counii___ _ to mobilize greater support for the indepeniee t "(24) The Seminar calls upon the Council to take imme4sp prosecute companies that are violating the Decree. " -Ttr-S~ nr1ure-clls upon the ouc-1 to do everything possible to encourage all Governments: %- To--eJriegisiat-ion-tx -i-i'y forbid the --I-le or shipment of oil and petroleum products to Namibia and Soutb-MCWT (b) To monitor whether or not the cargoes are abp , i destination; (c) To take aant iDi__a "ad too En.t st ipulated-pG4 . "(26) The-YSWem41909cr-5'Mi s nars and symposia in Africa, Asia, Et - 5 1,J -f 'z for the purpose-of--4-i9ing support tor the indeped e- adtt* liberation struggle in southern fri a. "(27) The Seminar recognizes - ir-e-= ...... participants in the activities .. - - .,oen. and notes witb__dii iz 6111M...... wmen Wnd Hot 4 j -tiwqu r.pej te' in thpresent seminar. It urges that this situation be remedied-A-p-t Of future seminars. "(28) The Seminar urges the Council to increase its contacts with the Namibian people in t WhAR health -nd educ at., "(29) T- Sth-ne vaby- w1j _ beind. public opinion n su pri ~f" 14--t- eople ad-i-i-. counteracting all moves which seek t I noh l occupation of Namibia. To encourage these activities the Seminar make following recommendations. "(30) While recognizing and appreciati t . "A and co-operation with non-governmental organizations, the Seminar urgs- the Council to give a higher priorito -those - thoparticularly with public organizations suh MeRM __rouyouth groups, golden-age groups, peace committees and--regious-o-a-'-'n-s" (31) The Seminar recommends that the- Counc-i-qtbli-n an intw rol-f ] 'I nf or-mat-colltrct , f orr --*on * - _ o and make such information Aval.Ahle to other O _ i group-(2Theee G ___ __ i non-governmental organizations to mak-- M t -f people in order to expand the base of international support for SWAPO and Namibia. "(33 international bulletin coe- - ,_L" development work. Published e- -w ' " ar tn should featur first issue tO Ee publised y thibf4--I0. "(34) The Seminar urges that co-ordination between the work of the non-governmental organizations active within the countries of the so-called Contact Group and other Western countries that maintain relations with South Af r ic a be a t- it -o-a -Iassist in such co-ordination -it nnlb- of. unStea action in=qh v-- -countries. "(35) The Seminar strongly urges the Council to produce - . - "zhe non-governmental organizations with resource - r films, video tapes, other educational aids and speakers ... . rmined in conT-ctation wi-n tne organi-at--IM material heuld geared towards people who have almost no Know i--e ot-amibia. !t is 5±50 important, howeve~t'i- C to counter pro-South African propaganda. " (36) The Seminar recommenos " t-t-h --i f-Sl-- %r egn-governmental Orga lt " .... " assistance. "(37) The Semina .L gi-.. lawil to yonorganizations to co-operate in jo LJ.VtiLi "(38) The Seminar str Mry!vo-t- M ...... - 'constructi , A blatant and arrogant attemt b theTUhIte4 States to impose its strategic will a on the southern Af r ican- o " the Namibian people of genuine national independence. -114-

"(39) The Seminar recommends that the non-governmental organizations remain in close contact, exchanging materials and information. "(40) The Seminar calls upon the non-governmental organizations to launch a 'Dollar A Person Campaign for Namibia' and recommends that the proceeds from such collections be sent to SWAPO for use in the struggle for the independence of Namibia. "(41) The Seminar calls upon trade unions to take appropriate actions against companies and their tankers that are known to have supplied crude oil or petroleum products to Namibia and South Africa. "(42) The Seminar further calls upon the non-governmental organizations to play an active role in compiling information on oil supplies to Namibia and South Africa and to promote actions that will block the flow of oil to those countries. "(43) The Seminar strongly urges the Council to organize and convene as soon as possible, in co-operation with the non-governmental organizations and SWAPO, an international working seminar to enable the non-governmental organizations effectively to exchange views and compare experiences for the purpose of concentrating their work on immediate tasks and mobilizing the support of specific groups such as trade unions, religious organizations, youth, students, women, academic institutions, the mass media, solidarity movements and political parties. "(44) The Seminar concluded by paying tribute to the historic and courageous struggle of the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO to free themselves from colonial bondage and foreign exploitation in order to achieve what was theirs by right: human dignity and freedom in an independent Namibia. The Seminar observed that despite the obstacles placed in the way, the day was not far off when the people of Namibia would be able to regain their independence. "(45) Finally, the Seminar declared that, in pursuit of their noble cause, the people of Namibia did not stand alone, but could count on the redoubled efforts and support of all peoples and Governments that were truly committed to justice in a peaceful world." G. Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 562. The Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 2/ was held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. The objectives of the Symposium, which was held in accordance with General Assembly resolution 38/36 C, were to consider ways of instituting legal proceedings in the domestic courts of States and other appropriate bodies in order to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Decree enacted by the Council and approved by the General Assembly in 1974. 563. The Symposium, whose proceedings were conducted in eight meetings, was attended by 13 Member States and 40 participants from non-governmental organizations and trade unions, as well as lawyers, parliamentarians and prominent individuals. -115-

564. The Council delegation, which constituted the Bureau of the Symposium, was composed of the following members: Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Chairman Mohamed Kamel Amr (Eqypt), Vice-Chairman Hannu Halinen (Finland), Vice-Chairman Witjaksana Soegarda (Indonesia) , Vice-Chairman Jerzy M. Nowak (Poland), Vice-Chairman Jorge Chen-Charpentier (Mexico), Rapporteur The delegation of the Council was accompanied by Messrs. Nangolo Ithete (SWAPO), and Mohiuddin Ahmad, representative of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia. 565. The Symposium was preceded by a three-day journalists' encounter during which there was an extensive exchange of views on all aspects of the Decree and various recommendations were made for its effective implementation. 566. The solemn mission of the Symposium was opened by its Chairman, Mr. Noel G. Sinclair. Also speaking at the opening ceremony were Messrs. Abdou Ciss, Director of the Division of Administration and Officer-in-Charge of the United Nations Office at Geneva; Nangolo Ithete of SWAPO, and Jan Lundvik (Sweden), Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. At the opening of the meeting, participants observed a minute of silence in commemoration of Namibia Day and in memory of those who had died in the struggle for the liberation of Namibia. 567. In his openinq remarks, the Chairman of the Symposium stated that the concern of the United Nations with respect to the natural resources of Namibia was twofold, that of upholding the rights of the people of Namibia over their natural resources and that of providing a legal framework for action to combat the illegal handling of those resources so as to preserve them for the benefit of the people of an independent Namibia. 568. He further stated that he believed it to be the duty of the Symposium to identify concrete steps that could be taken by the Council and by non- governmental organizations, either separately or in concert, for the protection of Namibia's resources. "We should also seek as far as possible", he added, "to identify what alternative courses of action may be taken; what kind of co- operation is required among us all; the nature and frequency of follow-up activity - we may perhaps set deadlines for certain types of activity; suggest priorities; we may even offer suggestions as to the form that future contacts between the Council and non-governmental organizations should take at the national and regional levels." 569. In his opening statement, the representative of SWAPO declared that the purpose of the Symposium was to study how to overcome the difficulties hindering the implementation of the Council's Decree. He mentioned the fact that certain Members of the United Nations had been using their veto power to prevent the Security Council from taking action. 570. He said that the laws of Western States allowed their companies to establish themselves in Namibia and commit "genocide" against the Namibian people. The Symposium should concentrate on that alarming situation and devise some means of stopping those criminal activities. -116-

571. The discussions on the Decree were divided into three topics: (a) efforts by the Council to implement the Decree) (b) violations of the Decree and efforts by non-governmental organizations, trade unions, parliamentarians and individuals in support of the Decree) and (c) the Decree in international law and possibilities of instituting legal proceedings for its implementation. 572. Several speakers stated that, with the exception of the Netherlands, the courts of most Western countries did not consider themselves bound by the resolutions of the General Assembly, which they regarded as mere recommendations. The Decree was therefore not enforceable in the courts of most Western European countries. 573. Any legal action brought by the Council stood the best chance of success in the Netherlands, bearing in mind that the Government of the Netherlands accorded full recognition to both the Decree and the competence of the Council to enact it. 574. There were indications of deep frustration expressed by some participants from the Netherlands. They argued that despite the in-depth research which they had undertaken over the years on ways of implementing the provisions of the Decree, no legal action had been taken on the basis of their findings and recommendations. 575. The participants were of different opinions as to which persons or bodies could be accorded legal standing in the courts of various countries. In the Netherlands, for instance, such standing would be accorded either to the Council or the Commissioner acting on behalf of the Council. In the United Kingdom, there could be reasonable grounds for satisfying the courts that the Council had the necessary legal standing, but it was advisable for the United Nations itself and the Council to be joint plaintiffs. 576. The participants were also of the opinion that direct enforcement of the Decree in the United Kingdom courts stood no chance of success. Indirect enforcement, however, could be obtained through corporate action. Pressure could be brought to bear on the companies acting in violation of the Decree by making them aware of their liability to pay a tax in order to satisfy compensation claims by a future Namibian Government. 577. It was also suggested that the Security Council should affirm that the Decree is a binding decision under the Charter. The participants expressed the view that such a step would remove a number of doubts regarding the Decree's legal value and provide a chance to revise and improve the formulation of some of the Decree's provisions. 578. At the concluding meeting of the Symposium, on 31 August 1984, the participants adopted the following conclusions and recommendations:* "I. Conclusions "(1) The Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984, was recognized by the participants, who included representatives of non-governmental and trade union organizations, lawyers, parliamentarians and others, as representing the culmination of 10 years of activity and effort towards the implementation of the Decree. * Originally issued as document A/AC.131/138. -117-

"(2) In view of the persistent plunder and exploitatn . naturalrqar qh-axtic ipants while recogn izing the exten -svCesre.--and relevant legalt---he implementation o-te Dec r-e-e-,--eed teirn-e- abpC~npfl a th tm since the Council's enactment of the Decree on 27 September 1974 without its full and effective implementation in those countries whose corporations and concerns had engaged in such plunder and exploitation. that the Council and the United Nations Commissioner for Nami-io - laction to implement the Decree. "(4) As a result. 4A--nS to the--- uncil t i-it-t - -i - an fte DeG-rfE--a& -a ---- 5d that appropriate step ae in iaas501 "(5) The particip t r their continuing support to the Cou as the egaAdministering Authority for Namib-i a . co-operation to the 1 = ___ ------a--Mpe L The pa tic___-the__s______an__to corporations and concernAn-Nmibia under South Africa's illegal administration in violation of the Decree, particularly the increased involvement of corporations based in the United Kingdom of Great ri al Northern Ireland, such as the Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation, Ltd., and Consolidated Gold sielda, Ltd. "(7) The participants expressed concern over tf li -f political circles to view the Namibian question - s-a~i political problem, thereby ignoring the illegality under international lawu = South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. The participants agreed-th- timplementation of theDec-r-ie -adreverse that ten ency and once again emphasize the illegality of South Africa's occupation of Namibia. "2. Recommendations "(8) On the basis of research and legal studies in their possession the Council and the Commissioner should take a decis1i-or " n":'='--' proceedings in the Netherlands as soon as possible. ey " E lawyers in the Netherlands to prepare legal proceedings in the coursr to implementee at the---ti_ _"(9) At the same time, the Council and the commissioner shou -pre pare to undertake similar legal action in other countries known to be i vo inmining or tran attention cou be - - Gin the Council. "(1), I oup d the principles and rules of international law, the Council and the Commissioner should--irra.dtion; ~11 O

(a) Send formal letters to Governments and parliaments notifying them of the known operations and activities of their national corporations and concerns in defiance of the Decree and other relevant decisions of the United Nations concerning Namibia? (b) Send formal letters to each member of each parliament of all States transmitting the text of the Decree and requesting them to take measures to promote its implementation in their own countriesi (c) Notify each corporation, including transport and shipping companies, known to be violating the Decree of their intention to institute legal proceedings and to inform the appropriate insurance companies involved of their actions; (d) Consider recommending that the Security Council or the General Assembly request another advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on what measures and sanctions the Security Council should apply to States that refuse to comply with the Decree and the relevant Security Council resolutionsl (e) Invite the relevant political organs of the United Nations, especially the Security Council, to continue to reaffirm the illegality of South Africa's occupation of Namibia as we!_!_asthe _Lfq.%t exploitation of the natural resources of Namihi-_a injie-p of the Dec;ee; (f) Engage expert consultants-in -hose Wes tF and concerns are engaged in the exploitation of Namibia's naujr-a-l-r-eSO Ur compile a list of cor Decree and to su " publish the list 3 "(11) The Council should consi -r* ajby lawyers wern_ ,Ii___ _ take appropriate ---o-- ate lega-lt ?-- " _ .t the-Decrcc. "(12) The Council should inform all Member St agencies, organizations and institutions of the United Nations systemnparticular the International Monetary Fund (IMP)-_13-tbprijresponsibility, in accordance with Secr-Ct-,. " : 30 January 1970, to refuse to grant to South Africa the loans it requires o resolvP i tA atn-tl .lg~ ~hich ____aresultofthe cost of maintaining its illegal occupation of Namibia. .." " tIIis ~ ~ ti ' ,____profits earned by transnational ___-____ _ .....operations in Namibia and elsewhere. The register could be used in assessing claims for damages submitted after Namibia achieves its independence. "(14) In addition to ensuring the widest possible distribution of the Decree, the Council should also prepare and publish, in the apropriafta languages: (a) A -- e--D1e-- - .ex Fi,"n14_ 3-3 natural resources, to be distributed internationally to, among others, parlia, - a--ie-n-izations ne j organizationsi -119-

(b) A booklet summarizing the authority of the Council for the Territory of Namibia, the text of the Decree and the reasons for its necessary implementationj (c) A legal compendium and related documentation concerning the Decree. "(15) The Council and the Commissioner should seek the assistance of public relations experts in order to mobilize, with the utmost effectiveness, international public opinion in support of the Namibian cause. "(16) The Council should take appropriate action to ensure the territorial integrity of Namibia by actively countering South Africa's claims to the Orange River, Walvis Bay and the offshore islands of Namibia. In order to protect the Territory's marine resources the Council should take steps to proclaim an exclusive economic zone for Namibia in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. 59/ "(17) The Council should develop and reinforce relations with the non-governmental organizations, especially those involved with the United Nations, as well as international associations of lawyers, and seek their active co-operation in publicizing and implementing the Decree. "(18) The Council should organize appropriate meetings with lawyers and researchers from the non-governmental organizations concerned in order to obtain information with a view to the speedy implementation of the Decree. "(19) The Council should give appropriate assistance and encouragement to trade union organizations that take active measures to prevent the movement and transportation of natural resources known to have originated in Namibia in violation of the Decree. "(20) The participants, recognizing the importance of action by parliaments for the protection of Namibia's natural resources, draw the attention of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) to the present conclusions and recommendations and express the hope that it will pursue and intensify its actions in this field. "(21) The Council should stimulate further research on strategic shipping links with Namibia and publish a list of tankers and oil companies involved in shipping oil and oil products to Namibia. These petroleum deliveries facilitate the operations of those corporations and concerns exploiting the natural resources of Namibia in violation of the Decree. The Council should urge those Governments exporting or selling crude oil to enact legislation introducing No South African end user clauses into sales contracts and to monitor the contracts to verify final destinations. Sanctions should then be applied against oil and shipping companies that violate government policy." 579. Finally, while recognizing the legal and specialized nature of the Symposium, aimed at ensuring the soonest possible implementation of the Decree, the participants stressed that the implementation of the Decree was itself only one contribution to the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), for freedom and independence. -120-

G! PTER IV S-UNTALZTS - .TIM - - - .vLju-n Ar'XLA SINCE THE AflPTOZ . OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY RELYRES_-_ - IL 580. on 14 September 1984ai~gi of Nam ibia ah urged the Security Council, in the i J ± peace and security posed by South- A. --tO demand of the interna -ional commu S. --- n a. tp_ theUnited Nations;called u of______t_ __.. . . . peace and security posed by South Africa, to impose against that country comprehensive mandatory sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the Charter; strongly urged States to cease forthwith, individually and collectively, all dealings with South Africa in order totally to isolate it politically, economically, m * -- 'I 16... - ,'--re . *flhJsi sth for Namibia to monitofr--he--Uf ou - __ra _ . contacts be twe_ _-__--..-. Assembly as necass-_I 581. By resolution 36/121 B of 10 December 1981, the General Assemb States, --" illegal occupation e -N~mi-a- ---o--tKe iegin "-measures, ftLLca-_ua in accordanc ______resolution ES-8/2. By resolution 37/233 A of 20 December 1982, the Assembly again appealed to all States to take agpr South Africa coki_ __y. 582.At its thir - - - -- I - of I December 1983, ontai Fly adopted "The General , "51. Reiterates its reuest to lmandatory sanctions against South Africa --.- - _andot eunL u-f_.e._r tAa effectively to s5 -_ _ __aia culturally, in accordance with GenerlSP-V 36/121 B and 37/233_ecember_1002; "53. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in implementation of paragraph 15 of Genera e f - an --oke reevAaSS provisions of Assembly resolutions 5 16-monitor the ycott of South E5c__tt__A thirty-ninth session a comprehensi_ .... . -121- 0

5ta es ano .... , jT j-n- -.-t .... financia and oth e r "r s-a t t-- l9 -u ~ .... _-ta~~-b~ St_ e r~ i dealings "_ * e origm-e "54. Requests allS-tates to co-operate ful Council for Namibia in the tul t no Im e "_tati-r e f f _-Uti~n- ES-8/2, 36'- ___-_.. and to report tfh thirty-tr .... '° r em eose1oreso utions;-.______583. The present chapter of the repo_- *_ _ _araraph___, and updates the information contained in part five o- ne Nations Council for Namibia to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session. 3/ Both section B, on replies received from States up to 3 November 1983, and section C, on contacts between Member States and South Africa up to 31 December 1983, cover their respective topics from the adoption of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A of 20 December 1982.* B. Replies received from Member States on measures taken by them to implement the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A 584. In paragraph 35 of resolution 37/233 A, the General Assembly requested all States to report to the Secretary-General by the thirty-eighth session of the Assembly on measures taken by them in the implementation of resolutions ES-8/2 it on the implementation of that resolution. 585. By a note verbale dated 3 February 1983, the Secretary-General traTsmittud the text of the resolution to all States and invited them ou.i f .action t . L _ * of- ne relevant proysu of the resolutir f r inclusion in his report. 586. It w 1 Sa - , o 24 -r-ym]-ta- " similar invitations issued by thv-S-eta .y-GfCa in .ecc c... . 1... ES-8/2 and 36/121 B. 100/ During the periodnder review, the-fit-ou . replied t . n.-e- a-J-t - - -122- * The report a so covers -XC' of the United Nations and the local authoritles in

Member States Document reference Argentina A/38/183 Barbados A/38/183/Add.1 Benin A/38/183/Add.2 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic A/38/183 China Ecuador A/38/183/Add.1 German Democratic Republic A/38/183 Hungary Iraq Jordan Kenya Mexico Mongolia Pakistan Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic A/38/183/Add.1 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics A/38/183 Non-member States Republic of Korea A/38/183/Add.2 587. All the States that replied supported the struggle of the Namibian people for independence and self-determination. Almost all declared that they did not maintain any relations with the racist rigime and expressed support for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa as provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. 588. General Assembly resolution 37/233 A, on the situation in Namibia resulting from the illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa, was adopted by 120 votes to none, with the following 23 countries abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. 589. General Assembly resolution 38/36 A was adopted by 117 votes to none, with the following 28 countries abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. 590. Several States which continue to maintain political and consular relations with racist South Africa (see table 1 below) and to be South Africa's major trading partners (see table 2 below) are among those which abstained on both the above- mentioned resolutions. -123-

C. Contacts between Member States and South Africa since the adoption of the resolution 1. Political, diplomatic, consular and other contacts 591. During the period under review, some Member as well as non-Member States continued to maintain diplomatic relations with South Africa and took no action to terminate such relations despite the United Nations resolutions requesting them to do so (see table 1 below). Table 1 States maintaining diplomatic and consular relations with South Africa in 1983 Missions of country Missions of South Africa in South Africa in country Diplomatic Consular and/or Diplomatic Consular and/or Country missions honorary missions missions honorary missions Argentina X X X X Australia a/ X X X X Austria X X X X Belgium XXX Bolivia X X X X Brazil X X X X Canada X X X Chile X X X X Costa Rica X X Denmark X X Dominican Republic X Finland X X X X Franceb/ X X X X Germany, Federal Republic of X X XX Greece X X X X Guatemala X X Iceland X X Ireland X Israel X X X Italy X X X X Japan X X Lichtenstein c/ Luxembourg X X X Malawi X X Monaco X X Netherlands X X X X New Zealand X Norway X X Panama XX Papua New Guinea d/ -124-

Table 1 (continued) Missions of country Missions of South Africa in South Africa in country Diplomatic Consular and/or Diplomatic Consular and/or Country missions honorary missions missions' honorary missions Paraguay X X X X Peru X X Portugal X X X X Spain X X X X Suriname e/ Sweden X X X X Switzerland X X X X Thailand X United Kingdom X X X X United States X X X X Uruguay X X X X Source: Who's Who of Southern Africa, 1983 (Johannesburg, Argus Printing and Publishing Company, Ltd., 1983). a/ The representative of Australia informed the Council that the Australian consulate at Cape Town was closed on 1 May 1984. b/ The Government of France has an Honorary Consular Agent in Walvis Bay under the control of its Cape Town consulate. c/ Interests in South Africa and Namibia taken care of by Switzerland. d/ Interests taken care of by Australia. e/ Interests taken care of by the Netherlands. 592. During the same period, the following changes were reported in political, diplomatic, consular and other contacts between South Africa and Member States. South Africa no longer has a consular mission in Bolivia, although the diplomatic exchange still continues; Canada no longer has a consular mission in South Africa but the diplomatic exchange still continues; Chile now has an embassy in South Africa; Costa Rica and South Africa no longer exchange diplomatic missions but they continue contacts at the consular level; South Africa no longer has a consular mission in Honduras; Luxembourg now has a consular mission in South Africa and also the latter now has a diplomatic and consular mission at Luxembourg. 101/ In January 1983, Colombia closed its consulate ad honorem at Johannesburg and no longer has any diplomatic or consular relations with South Africa. In addition, the United States and South Africa have now entered into a mutual consular agreement. According to the Department of State, "the new convention is a comprehensive document, which treats in considerable detail virtually all aspects of consular relations between the two countries". 102/ -125-

593. The racist regime also continued to be represented in IBRD, IMF and IAEA and in EEC and the European Atomic Energy Commission (EURATOM). 101/ 594. Despite United Nations resolutions which strongly condemned the establishment of bantustans ("homelands") by the racist r6gime of South Africa and called upon all Governments to deny any form of recognition to and refrain from having any dealings with the bantustans, some Member States have established contacts with them. In September 1982, the United Kingdom allowed Bophuthatswana, one of the four so-called homelands created by South Africa, to open a Bophuthatswana House in London. The House will reportedly act as a form of consulate to generate support for and investment in the "homeland". 103/ 595. In October 1982, the United States Embassy at Johannesburg announced that United States diplomats would start making official visits to South Africa's so- called homelands in order to gather information. The Embassy further stated that the diplomats and their families might also make private recreational trips to the "homelands" if they obtained the Embassy's permission. 104/ 2. Economic contacts 596. By resolution 38/36 A, the General Assembly reiterated its request to all States, pending the imposition of mandatory sanctions against South Africa, to take legislative, administrative and other measures in order effectively to isolate South Africa economically in accordance with resolutions ES-8/2, 36/121 B and 37/233 A. 597. The majority of States have recognized that universally applied sanctions are the most appropriate and effective means of ensuring South Africa's compliance with the decisions of the United Nations. In addition to pressing for an end to collaboration in the military and nuclear fields, the international community has called upon all States and organizations to prohibit any form of co-operation with South Africa and, in particular, has stressed the importance of the following types of economic sanctions: (a) An effective oil embargo against South Africa; (b) Cessation of investments in and loans to South Africa; (c) Cessation of purchase and marketing of South African gold and other minerals as well as co-operation with South African marketing organizations for the sale or purchase of such minerals; (d) Denial to South Africa of certain essential supplies such as electronic and communications equipment, machinery and chemicals, as well as technology. 105/ 598. Despite these requests, South Africa enjoys close economic ties with major Western and other States, which refuse to support sanctions against the apartheid regime. 599. Most of the trade, investment, loans, transfer of technology and expertise are channelled through transnational corporations based in the United States, Western Europe and Japan. Some 400 United States companies have subsidiary operations in South Africa, including more than 60 of the top 100 companies listed in Fortune -126- magazine's list of United States corporations. An additional 6,000 United States firms do business in South Africa through agency networks. Corporations of the Federal Republic of Germany and France have at least as many subsidiaries, and Br isco3-n ,es" " rir iau r - 1- - e-en of-A98, f eign investment In South Africa totalled more than H. to_- __. three times higher than in 1972. 107/ 600. The South Af rieaii-Gov~-rm% 5 rategv or -...... the lart-ew-yesrs-fi --% to major i actor xs_nr .- _ substantial increasei-n-t- d..e, e.peg' exo-N t 3 on the assumption that South Africa's economic partners will o - t relevant United Nations resolutions. (a) Trade, investments and lsan* 601. Tb- n *brov4p.- 14. .. in 1981 and 1982. 602. WI" te Stmesi- a jor tadinAgs PA t8_the latter's trade with the United Kingdom, the Federal Repub _- 0&WWI Japan also increased. 603. According to-a. a - -Dypor. . . n Cu stomeaunexports- forx nYd-p 9.1i biiii G-ansd 4mpar t R 18.2 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of-R-g90--. I. i months of 1983 showed a trade surplus of R 2.7 billion; exports tot lled SR 8i 6-i , A ~ u~c w'tjr' 'tl Emli-;0ri____imports fell to R 5.9 billion from !08 ; 604. The South African economy profits not only from extensive international trade links but also from foreign investments in and bank loans to South Africa, which until the present recession accounted for about one third of the growth of the country's gross domst---_. 605. In all, some 2,000 transnational corporations now ope " i -upportea y externally owned banks and insurance comp SO itn its 1inancial resources and modern technology_--______facilities in some of the most critical areas of South Africa's economy. SOuth Africa a-I So- &s a " " The total volume of trade in 1982 amounted to Ri4-& J . l - + in imports by South Africa and R 186 million in exports krom South AfricEhhhEEhMa first 10 months of 1983, trade between South Africa and-the 1 ..____Taiwan amounted to $US -370 milen, th L.e--a-ino mainlyortinplastic products. reu or impor -of--r-l JIn o isb--9-3- a South African mission to Taipei led bvythnisteor *u T r-- . Tourism reached an agreement on economic and technical co-operation in the minin--computer software and auto parts industries. Entrepreneurs from Tatle_ Ipreparing to establish an electronics manufacturing industry at--a-v-1-s- Ba-. The Government in Pretoria expects that i * e t-he .. fo th.e concerns to develop int-e t " - - -. -127-

Table 2 South Africa's main trading partners, 1981 and 1982 (millions of rand) Imports by Exports by South Africa South Africa Total trade Country 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 United States 2 655 2 681 1 520 1 320 4 175 4 001 United Kingdom 2 161 2200 1193 1412 3354 3612 Germany, Federal Republicof 2366 2715 775 850 31413565 Japan 1962 1853 14101666 33723519 Switzerland 315 318 11551017 14701335 France 877 772 458 450 13351222 Italy 633 614 382 372 1015 986 Belgium 247 230 310 364 557 594 Netherlands 254 255 235 278 489 533 Canada 216 193 205 134 421 327 Source: Republic January-December 1982. of South Africa, Monthly Abstract of Trade Statistics, 606. The South African system of production has characteristics that provide the foreign investor with opportunities not found elsewhere for a high rate of return on capital: first, the absence of what is generally called "labour supply problems"; second, the low cost of labour made possible by the apartheid laws and the restriction of African trade unionism; and third, the political system of white domination and privilege and a r6gime willing to enforce its rule through the machinery of organized repression. 607. In addition to the previously reported and continuing collaboration of States with South Africa, the following instances of further contacts in the fields of trade, investment and loans were reported during the period under review. United States 608. The United States remained South Africa's leading trade partner, and under the present Administration's policy of "constructive engagement", South Africa is finding it easier to obtain products made in the United States. -128-

609. A number of high-ranking United States trade officials visited SouttFin 1982 and United States diplomats became noticeably more active in promoting commercial links between the two countries. Aspecia United xAdie promotion office was opened at -o-lannesburg in-nrt.b__LQQ3_ The tra . .ctiontransferred from the control of the State Department to thP_CommercreP . and a commerc w -- SM -e hope for increasing trade with South Africa by $US 1 billion a year. 109/ 610. By October 1982, the Commerce Department had issued at least a dozen licence-' including 10 for computer-r -±-,I± I --- . - --of Commerce called -a more flexible policy" on exports - p...... items. Such licences were provided (Amdahl 470/V7 and Cyber 1 " "E-r and Industrial Research (CSIR), which is ir.rv ...... research. Other transactions licensed by theA!nitd atesC includeda and ner deivery of six turbojets - civilian versions of planes purchased-by--the- United States military - to the South African Air Force. 109/ 611. The growing co-operation between the United States and South Africa covers various other fields. In July 1982 talk.. -m rowers -Association and the head of the South AfrxincaN-at,1 1 Maize Producers Organization on the c-opPratx e .r4-South Africa in developin-ne-mr-t-" r m 5±±- ..for the export of corn. 110/ 612. Acodieg to welp-cocumen ed- nas.Pre tnrJi arj-uTb _of its oil requirements, despite an embargo by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and othe ie rt-erst__ n aual oa of $US 4 bill ading e6in1*S ndteuiuch of th opiT. tnaSouth Afrie- - a -sre-t- y .. M hem is Pnirf.. , oil trader, wni-h is 7 per cent owned y the - -. .Africa. The other companyisMa -Ri-t -6 - 11g-ol thtanke r~cb rmrI . ~ *aa-~p-y-i ICJ~ Research Bureau. 613. United States investment in South Africa is flourishing. M A. 3U0 United States companies with subsidiaries and affiliates in Sout account for about a fifth of total foreign investment therea confidential State De -. ILUl involvement in South -b -"- - e lates U estim ate t U t ea---iu h u investments, bank lending na r in ganla._ "___-__-_. bou rica. 112___/ United Stat . " -ie [- -ot-s~ to mY- P publicity campaigns to promote even greater United States investment in South Africa. 614. A previous Commerce Department figure or gS-76-Tion of total investmentin South Africa coveredoL!¥_r,± z " * u African subsidiaries. The State Department tel 4 .4 investments in South Africa were handled by i based in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom. 112/ -129-

615. More than 5,000 United States companies did business worth $US 5.5 million with South Africa in 1982, either directly or through agency networks. 112/ The United States companies, which include giants such as E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, the General Electric Company and the General Motors Corporation, are heavily represented in such industries as oil, chemicals, motors, pharmaceuticals, mining and construction equipment. Some companies have expanded operations in South Africa recently. 616. General Electric has acquired a lightning arrestor manufacturer and increased its stake in an electrical repair group. Expansions in the paper and pulp industry, worth more than $US 1 billion, have also attracted United States businesses. 113/ 617. Shulton Inc., a toiletries manufacturer based in New Jersey, spent $1.8 million to buy the remaining 49 per cent of its local subsidiary; the Maremont Corporation of Chicago opened a new $US 8.6 million shock absorber factory outside Cape Town in April 1982; and several tractor manufacturers, such as the Ford Motor Company and John Deere, have spent millions of dollars to adapt their production lines to a new, locally-made diesel engine. 114/ 618. Stone and Webster, a Boston-based group of engineers and project managers, formed a joint venture with a local construction company to build six 3,600- megawatt power stations for the state-controlled Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM). 113/ 619. The South African subsidiary of the Avis car rental company is expanding its fleet of cars with an additional SUS 9.5 million investment and extending its service to railroad stations in the country's three largest cities. 114/ 620. United States investors have bought about $US 8.1 billion worth of shares on the Johannesburg stock exchange, mainly in gold mines, platinum mines and two big companies, De Beers and Palomin. They account for nearly two thirds of all foreign stock holdings, owning 25.3 per cent of the platinum mines, 11 per cent of De Beers (diamonds) and 26.5 per cent of the gold mines. What is more, their holdings are still increasing. Among the United States market makers in South African gold stocks are Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc., Cohn, Delaire and Kaufman, Inc., Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc., E. F. Hutton and Company, Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, Inc. 115/ 621. United States banks were among the main targets of a divestment effort that began in the United States in the late 1970s and for some time almost all kept a near-invisible profile in their dealings with South Africa. Recently they have taken a more relaxed view, even moving towards a renewed policy of lending to the Pretoria Government, albeit in a circuitous way. Nedbank, a South African- owned group, raised $US 200 million in 1982 for the rigime, a sizeable amount of which came from United States banks. 113/ 622. A group of seven United States banks extended a SUS 100 million loan to South African Breweries (SAB) in 1982. The loan, managed by Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company, is for seven years and carries a 0.75 per cent to 0.875 per cent spread over the London bank rate. The loan was not publicly announced, in an apparent attempt to save the United States banks from embarrassment, but was confirmed by the financial director of SAB. 116/ 623. South African borrowings from the United States banks totalled an estimated $US 4 billion in 1982. Two thirds of the loans were made by the top nine United States banks. Most were bank-to-bank loans with maturities of one year or less. 112/ -130-

624. The United States was the prime supporter of a $US 1.1 billion loan which IMF granted to South Africa in November 1982 in disregard of General Assembly resolution 37/2 of 21 October 1982. By that resolution, the Assembly had requested the Fund to refrain from granting any credits or other assistance to South Africa. IMF loans to South Africa help to pay the cost of that r~gime's military build-up, its war of repression against the people of Namibia and its persistent acts of aggression launched from bases in Namibia against African countries, as well as its development of a nuclear weapons capability. United Kingdom 625. The position of the British Government on the question of maintaining links with South Africa was recently reiterated by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who stated in a letter to a Conservative Member of Parliament that the policy "is based on recognition of the importance of trade, investment and historical ties". She also admitted that the United Kingdom had argued, along with some other Western countries, that isolation of South Africa would be counterproductive and would damage British and wider Western interests. 117/ 626. The British policy in this respect, which is in violation of United Nations resolutions, has led to a substantial growth of trade between the United Kingdom and South Africa. The value of imports from South Africa increased by 149 per cent between 1972 and 1982 and the value of exports increased by 287 per cent during that period. 118/ Total trade in 1982 amounted to R 3.6 billion, showing a steady increase of 8 per cent over the respective value for 1981. This was mainly the effect of a R 220 million growth of exports from South Africa to the United Kingdom. South Africa has also become the leading importer of British-made automobiles. 627. During 1982, a number of high-ranking British trade officials visited South Africa. Many British institutions have also sent trade missions to South Africa. In 1982, over 20 such missions were supported by the British Overseas Trade Board. One of the most active bodies in promoting contacts with South Africa is the Engineering Industries Association, which alone sent five missions. 118/ 628. Among other developments, the Export Credits Guarantee Department has guaranteed a £15-million line of credit for South Africa which will enable United Kingdom exporters of capital goods and services to be paid in full at the time of shipment. The loan has been provided by Hill Samuel to ESCOM. Exporters will receive 85 per cent of the value of contracts from the loan and 15 per cent from the buyer before the shipment. 119/ 629. In yet another violation of United Nations resolutions and despite strong international opposition, the British Government approved in early 1983 the sale of Marconi radar equipment to South Africa. By its resolution 38/36 A, the General Assembly deplored the decision of the United Kingdom to supply radar equipment to South Africa and urged the Security Council Committee established by resolution 421 (1977) to take appropriate action to ensure that the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa was not violated. 630. The United Kingdom is by far the largest single foreign investor in South Africa, both directly and indirectly. According to official statistics, British companies account for roughly half the total foreign investment of $US 12.5 billion. 120/ -131-

631. Many British firms continue to increase economic ties with South Africa. These include Courtaulds, the British textile and consumer products group, owner of the South African Industrial Cellulose Corporation (SAICCOR). Courtaulds is preparing to expand SAICCOR, already one of the world's largest pulp producers with a yearly output of more than 400,000 metric tons. The expansion is likely to raise capacity to around 500,000 metric tons a year and will make Courtaulds even more dependent on South Africa's raw materials. 121/ 632. Another example of growing British investment is the expected merger of Metal Box South Africa, a subsidiary of the United Kingdom firm Metal Box, with Nampac, South Africa's largest packing company. 22/ 633. Prudential Corporation, the largest United Kingdom life insurance group, has a subsidiary, the Prudential Assurance Company of South Africa, which is currently the largest foreign-owned life insurance company in South Africa. The market value of its assets amounted to R 1.1 billion in 1982. 123/ 634. Britain's biggest bank, Barclays, is also the largest bank operating in South Africa. Barclays Bank retains a 58 per cent stake in Barclays National, its South African subsidiary, and six British directors sit on the South African board. 124/ Japan 635. Japan has strong trading links with South Africa, and its trade with that country continues to grow. 125/ In 1982, Japan's imports from South Africa increased by 18 per cent to a value of R 1.6 billion. In that period the total value of trade between the two countries was R 3.5 billion. 636. South Africa increased its share of the Japanese grain market in 1981/82. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Japan imported 2 million metric tons of grain from South Africa, doubling the previous record. The Department said that South Africa had a 17 per cent share of the Japanese market in 1982. 126/ 637. Although official Japanese policy prohibits direct investment in South Africa, it does not, however, prohibit Japanese firms from entering into production licence agreements with South African firms. One of these is Toyota, South Africa's biggest car maker, which is expected to expand its production facilities at a cost of $US 170 million over the next two years. Toyota already holds 22 per cent of the South African vehicle market with an output of 100,259 units in 1982. The company is aiming at producing up to 150,000 units within a few years. The company's line is manufactured under contract with the Japanese firm, which does not hold any equity in the South African operation. Federal Republic of Germany 638. South Africa's third major trading partner is the Federal Republic of Germany. During 1982, an especially significant growth was registered in trade between the two countries, which reached the sum of over R 3.5 billion. The imports of South Africa from the Federal Republic of Germany increased by 15 per cent to over R 2.7 billion. 639. Investments of the Federal Republic of Germany in South Africa are only slightly smaller than those of the United States. 120/ In 1982, companies from the Federal Republic of Germany were aggressive investors in the South African economy, -132- with direct investment of about SUS 12.5 million in the first half of the year. The auto maker Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) has built an upholstery plant in the so-called Bophuthatswana bantustan. 127/ Other Western European countries 640. Apart from the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany, South Africa's leading Western European trade partners, investors and lenders usually come from the following countries: France, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands. 641. The French auto company, Renault, decided to invest about $US 38 million in South Africa over the period 1984-1985. A Renault model is now being assembled in South Africa by a domestic firm. Renault will build a larger, more expensive model at the Leyland plant at Cape Town, with an initial sales target of 1,000 units a month. 128/ 642. The Netherlands Government declared in 1983 that it would not impose a unilateral oil embargo on South Africa. Royal Dutch Shell, the world's secondlargest oil company, continues to play a vital role in the provision of oil to South Africa. Two more Netherlands companies, Transworld Oil and Vitol, are also major South African suppliers. Other Western European oil companies said to be suppliers of oil to South Africa are British Petroleum and Petromed of Italy. 643. Three shipping companies said to be involved are Moeller of Denmark, Sanko of Japan* and Havtor of Norway. Although Norway has banned the sale of Norwegian oil to South Africa, it does not prevent Norwegian shipping companies from carrying oil produced elsewhere. Israel 644. The development of close economic co-operation between Israel and South Africa is a natural consequence of very friendly political relations between the two countries. In 1982, a number of meetings devoted to the advancement of trade and mutual investment were held in Israel and South Africa. It has been reported that the Israeli Government set up a $US 100 million fund as an inducement to the South African diamond industry. The Israelis have also been attracted by cheap labour and rich fishing grounds in Namibia. An Israeli-South African venture, Mukurob Fishing, was recently registered at Windhoek with an initial capital of R 1.1 million. 129/ (b) Air and sea links 645. By resolution 36/121 B, the General Assembly requested all States to prevent airline companies constituted in their territories and aircraft of their registration or under charter to their nationals from operating to or from * In a note verbale dated 4 May 1984 addressed to the United Nations Council for Namibia, the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations said that, at that time, the ship in question had been chartered from the Sanko Steamship Company by another shipping company for three years and was then sub-chartered by a third company, neither of which was Japanese. -133-

South Africa or occupied Namibia and from linking up with any airline company constituted or aircraft registered in South Africa or occupied Namibia. 646. Since 1962, the General Assembly has adopted resolutions calling upon Member States to deny to all airlines facilities for flying to and from South Africa. Most OAU member States have terminated all services and facilities to airlines and ships proceeding to or coming from South Africa and banned all aircraft registered in South Africa from flying over their territories. However, South African Airways (SAA) continues to fly to Europe, Asia and the Americas and to share revenue with other major airlines which transit in Africa and fly over African territories. 647. El Al Israel Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) and Pan American Airways (United States) service South Africa. Furthermore, SAA operates in pool partnership with British Airways, Alitalia and Iberia Airlines of Spain, KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines), Lufthansa (German Airlines), Olympic Airways, Swissair, Transportes A~reos Portuguese (TAP) (Portugal) and Union des transports a~riens (UTA) (France). 130/ 648. During the period under review, the number of air connections between South Africa and certain Western and other States increased. Four weekly SAA New York-Johannesburg flights were joined in 1982 by a direct air link between Johannesburg and Houston. SAA carried a record number of travellers on its North American route in 1981, nearly 28 per cent more than in 1980. 131/ 649. In 1982, SAA bought two long-ranged stretched versions of the Boeing 747, which enabled the airline to introduce non-stop flights from Johannesburg to London. British Airways also operates a daily service between Johannesburg and London. 132/ 650. Background information on shipping relations is contained in the previous report of the Council. 3/ During the period under review, shipping companies increased cargo as well as passenger trade with South Africa. Two shipping lines, Curnan Shipping of the United Kingdom and Safmarine of South Africa, are to introduce a passenger connection between the United Kingdom and South Africa and periodic calls at Walvis Bay cannot be ruled out. 133/ 3. Contacts in the military and nuclear fields 4 November 1977, the Security Council adopted resolut-i_a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa under Chapter VII of -the Carter or the United Nations. The General Assembly has consistently reipI -it on the issue during its recent a-i - - ._-Assembly once again ca - _ -measures to tighten the arms embargo imposed against South Afr,.1resolution 418 (1977) and to ensure strict complian with Wit u___States. 652. South Africa has been ------Western and other States, which continu " .hia-a-o---1* embargo imposed against the racist reime. Committee established by resolution9-!- ' I. of larm . ... - loca cc Clandestine operations are carried outf at-.".. 'A.

Circumvention of the arms embargo. Devious routes are used, on which the Committee has scant information". 98/ In effect those practices contributed to South Africa's massive arms build-up. Currently South Africa has the largest and most up-to-date military arsenal on the African continent. 134/ 653. South Africa is the major arms producer in Africa. The State-owned Armaments Development and Production Corporation (ARMSCOR) is one of the country's largest industrial groups with assets of about $US 1.2 billion. In 1981, its 15 factories employed 29,000 people. Components, construction and heavy-engineering requirements are supplied by 800 private contractors, including many local subsidiaries of United States and European companies. The corporation spends R 1.5 billion a year on armaments for South Africa, accounting for half of the R 3 billion defence budget for 1983. 135/ T~b South Africa: Licensed. Weapon Weapon Year of Year of Number Licenser designation description licence production produced " +_ . France -I ttAsc-0 air missile i979 1 -E ~ Armoured car 1965 1977 100_ 1978 IN---- Panha-rA--A -1-979 NO0 lie! F-IA plane 80 1 Italy Impala-2 Trainer/ 1974 1974 4 Also designated counter- 1976 30 MB-326K insurgency 1977 30 plane 1978 50 Israel Reshef Fast patrol 1977 -In.. s boat Ourban; -n acquired Source: World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook, 1981 (btocknim, Stockholm International Peace Research Institj T-2_-7. a/ Uncertain dat J1 3;)

654. Nevertheless, South Africa's arms production still relies on considerable imports of technology and of necessary plant and machinery, as well as the acquisition of production licences. Many of the more complex weapons systems have been acquired, in violation of the arms embargo imposed by the Security Council, and by adapting foreign designs to local needs. 135/ 655. South Africa plans to broaden its international military contacts through a large-scale arms-exporting campaign. The racist r6gime boasts of an advantage over other arms exporters in the fact that its weapons are "combat-tested" in its war of repression against the people of Namibia and its repeated acts of aggression against the African States in the region. The Pretoria regime plans to boost its annual overseas sales from the present $US 10 million to about $US 150 million. 103/ (a) Military contacts 656. As described in the previous report, 136/ for many years South African armaments manufacturers have discreetly developed contacts with many Western States and particularly close ties with Israel and the local authorities in Taiwan. Apart from direct smuggling, various ways to circumvent the embargo indirectly have also been devised, primarily the sale to South Africa of "civilian" equipment with military applications. Many United States and other Western firms have established local branches or subsidiaries in South Africa which are not subject to the arms embargo, while the British aerospace industry is reported to have collectively threatened to move a large share of its production to South Africa unless the United Kingdom slackened its arms embargo. 657. The current United States Administration has relaxed the restrictions on sales of military and related mat6riel to the South African military and police, labelling the change "technical" and not "political". The State Department said the changes "will simplify and clarify the police and military controls and so make them more effective". On balance, however, the changes make it possible for United States companies to sell considerably more goods to the South African police and military. 137/ 658. The Administration's policy has drawn criticism from members of the United States Congress and religious and activist organizations. For example, the Quaker organization called on the current United States Administration to rescind export regulations allowing United States companies to do business with the South African Government, police, military and arms manufacturers. The organization's report has turned up numerous cases which indicate that advanced technology from the United States is available to Pretoria's security apparatus and military establishment. 659. The United States Government continues to permit the sale by the Cessna Corporation of 1 1 185 light . pian r. vif - 0 utbEk=j .the Cessna for monitoring the Ango a- ",... ..A - . Additionally, the C-130 Hercules transpot ir f-flldoS h ostensibly for use by domestic airlines, has tar-yappl4" States is the widely public barrels to South Africa by the Space Research Corpor- at =oF-ofCanada. In March 1983, the Subcommittee On At _8_-1_% t possibly with the indirect aid of the CentiradJ_1eT_ _[oe _Ie

660. Nearly half of the contractors of the Department of Defense are active in South Africa, including such important companies as the Rockwell International Corporation, the Boeing Company, Litton Industries, Inc., the General Electric Company, the Ford Motor Company and the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The largest United States automobile group, the General Motors Corporation, is one of the main suppliers of military trucks. Furthermore, at least 150 planes are sold by United States concerns to the apartheid r6gime every year. 133/ 661. The electronics industry, which is of increasing importance to the armaments industry, is controlled to a large extent in South Africa by transnational corporations, especially International Business Machines (IBM) of the United States and International Computers Ltd., (ICL) of the United Kingdom. 133/ 662. Of the 28 British arms concerns which produce vital parts for the multi-purpose fighter plane "Tornado" built by the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy, 11 are active in South Africa, including Fairey, Ferranti, Marconi, Lucas Aerospace, Hawker Siddeley, Plessey and Sperry Rand. The South African naval forces also have three British-produced frigates (2,800 metric tons) and three Daphne submarines from France 663. In connection with the conviction inXtoh~r 1Q59 * - dealers for smuggling £1 million worth of arms to oa l--Chairman of the Anti- Apartheid Movement and Labour Member of Parliament, staf that the illegal sale was the "tip of the iceberg" and that the - iso terms given to the smugglers were so light as o Kingdom's international commitments. The convicted dea --- - & in illegally -exporingT --, UNMauserr16r operation went on for alm o -i cer- * er.dE iFebruary 1981. 139/ 664. In April 1983, a question was raised in the United . m1&ier u sritishso .r.tng wit theaot1k1-h estimates, at least 300 former British servicemen are in t Force (SADF), including about 50 officers. They are able to . nationalities by taking three-yesr-- -__-____A. South Africa has also recruited nationals of New Zealand, Australia and toe hU t ---Kingdom. 140/ 665. Israel is onstxt Ssu eseeram supliers who mih" 7r4 tilearm embargo. In particular, South Africa has obtained from Israel-Re-she- boats, Gabriel ship-to-ship missiles and small arms. The main fightin-se±----- made in A Na Its i-M, -c-_lass missile strike craft. " first three of these fast boats, which carry the Skerpioen missile, came from the Haifa shipyard in Israel. 141/ 666. In June 1983, the Mozambican anti-aircraft batteri ...... a ...... African Mirage jet which- _ - P%3w f Israeli origin. its - --- ii - . r ncuc-.r -1 the zoom lens on its 16-millimetre camera was of French manufacture.4/, 667. Professor Josef Singer, one of the world's foremost aeronautical4s______president of the Technion Israel Institu- nf 4 . _ _ _behind the development of Israe'Kf - . -137-

South Africa in July 1983. The purpose of the visit was to raise money for advanced laser research which will benefit South Africa in terms of the technology exchange agreement between the two countries. 143/ 668. The industrial firms of the Federal Republic of Germany also constitute an important source of arms for Pretoria. One of them, AEG-Telefunken, was involved in the development of Milan tank missiles and Exocet missiles. Its affiliate, Switchcraft Ltd., produces switchgear for South African tanks. The AEG-Telefunken group was also the main supplier to the racist r6gime for the construction of the air-to-surface reconnaissance system Drumpel in northern Namibia, and was in charge of installing the Advocaat sea and air reconnaissance system near Cape Town. 134/ 669. In August 1983, four managers of the Federal Republic of Germany arms manufacturer, Rheinmetall AG, were charged with violating the country's arms control laws and of smuggling weapons to South Africa. According to the authorities, the company supplied South Africa with a complete ammunitions factory designed to produce 155-millimetre howitzer projectiles. 144/ 670. In the beginning of 1983, international investigations led to two Danish shipping agents being charged with fraud and with shipping arms to South Africa. 145/ Documents in the hands of Danish police suggest that 20 shiploads of arms, each worth between £5 million and £12 million, were transported to South Africa between 1976 and 1980 by several Danish shipping companies. 146/ 671. In June 1983, the Danish police found two crates containing 9-millimetre pistols at Copenhagen Airport destined for South Africa. The crates had been flown from Vienna and were addressed to Austro Engineering, Industria North, Johannesburg. 147/ 672. According to a report in the Madrid news magazine Tiempo, Spain regularly violates the Security Council's mandatory embargo on arms sales to South Africa. The weapons, mostly small arms and ammunition, are flown to South Africa on regular flights from Madrid by SAA. The report adds that often up to 100 kilogrammes of arms are sent out on a single flight and that the cargo documents show that the shiploads are of armaments. 148/ 673. South Africa is reportedly manufacturing its own version of the French Exocet missile. A Paris-based magazine stated in July 1983 that South African experts had examined the missile, blueprints and an operational manual in Amsterdam. 149/ 674. South African weaponry, sophisticated electronics, radio equipment and military vehicles were given a four-page display in the International Defence Review, one of the world's leading arms publications. Among the newer pieces of ammunition shown in the publication was a 60-millimetre mortar fuse which had "been tested in at least one Western European country" and a South African projectile which the G-5 cannon had fired at high altitude for 45 kilometres. The International Defence Review is published in four languages and distributed in 135 countries. 150/ 675. During the period under review, the following international contacts of South Africa's high military officials were reported: (a) Close links between South Africa and Argentina were emphasized at a ceremony in Buenos Aires, in December 1982, at which the head of the Argentine Army General Staff decorated the South African military attache; 151/ -138-

(b) The Chief of the South African Navy paid official visits to Chile 152/ and Paraguay; 153/ (c) The Chief of Staff of the Spanish Army visited South Africa at the invitation of his South African counterpart. Responding to criticism by opponents of apartheid, the Spanish Ministry of Defense emphasized that the visit had been "private and unofficial". 154/ (b) Nuclear collaboration 155/ 676. During the last decade, South Africa has moved firmly into the category of a near-nuclear State. The development of South Africa's nuclear potential has been considerably enhanced and accelerated by the collaboration extended to the apartheid r~gime by certain Western and other States, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel and the Netherlands. This collaboration has taken various forms, including assistance in the extraction and processing of Namibian uranium in violation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia; 2/ the supply of nuclear equipment; and transfers of technology, provision of training and exchange of scientists. 677. Notwithstanding the existing collaboration, South Africa admitted in 1982 that it would not be able to make fuel for its Koeberg nuclear power station near Cape Town until 1987. Pretoria has obtained more than a year's supply of fuel for Koeberg from the Swiss,* through United States brokers. The uranium was manufactured into fuel rods by the French. 156/ 678. France played the major part in erecting South Africa's first nuclear reactor at Koeberg. A second nuclear reactor, also to be built by French industrialists,** is planned for Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape. 157/ 679. South Africa is successfully recruiting British nuclear scientists and technicians for the development of its nuclear power industry. Most of the recruits are from the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Agency, whose work is covered by the Official Secrets Act preventing disclosure of national security information, and the Central Electricity Board (CEB), which oversees the operation and maintenance of all power stations in the United Kingdom. CEB is providing references for the recruits. 158/ * By a letter dated 17 May 1984 addressed to the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the Permanent Observer of Switzerland to the United Nations declared that the Federal Council strictly applied the dispositions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as well as the embargo forbidding the export of war mat6riel to South Africa, which the Federal Council itself had decreed in 1963. He also declared that a Swiss nuclear centre had, according to the latter's indications, sold to a United States commercial company enriched uranium from its stores located in a third country, within the framework of a commercial transaction of private character. ** By a letter dated 17 May 1984 addressed to the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations stated that France had not signed a contract for the supply of a second nuclear centre to South Africa and had no intention of doing so. -139-

680. South Africa and Israel have established co-operation with the local authorities in Taiwan and there are indications that a common effort is being Made to develop a Cruise missile with a 2,400-kilometre range. There are also signs that Israel and South Africa are developing a neutron bomb and that they are working on the tactical arsenal no less than on the strategic one. 159/ 681. The current United States Administration has a1-i -- -- ?:x .....--- --A State Department spokesman said in 1982 that isolation and denial oi-L factors in Nuclear Weapons, and that the internation r eb Africa some impetus towards establishing a nuclear capability. 160J" __....._once "1 _rp -__ _ _ nt ited States Administration f urther --n-ui 4'l a rgt-: rOth ...... resolutions. 682. Since its inception in 1963, OAU has striven resotely t " brind nuclear colla Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, held in 27 May 1981. After assessing the situation in southern Africa, the CUii -eemphasized in it "laration on Sanctions a -Declaration on Namibia 5 the nee 418 (1977) in order ...... e insq r with South Africa. 683. By resolution 38/36 A, the General Assembly -..... collusion by the Governments of certain Western and ti those of the ...... nd---tr-tr - --the nuclear field and called upon France and a!l. . supplying the racist minority regime of South Africa, directly or indirectly, with installations that might enable it to produce uranium, plutonium or other nuclear materials, reactors or military equipment. Despite such calls, South Africa continues to receive assis t -e-a--"eld. 684. During the " " _-J cultural and social boycott of South Africa was rei e-_te- inforums. 685. In the Programme of Actin=a i -a-en---l-C" f e_of the Struggle of the Nami ian People - - r 29 April 1983, the Committee of the Whole of the onferenceea-*5 an commentatorsfI sY i-d- eors anad s -i-i e arts to co idta ma~orn. __tdZ gnnn _ena-f o-t-e cause. 1i1/ 686. Furthermore, word ...... committees have, on -bir own and tnrougnhe exti ... . o organizations and Governments, effectively made iso-atu-- r u problem for South Africa. 687. it wi- be reca d that in an attempt wo its iolaion.aet Bophuthatswana. Sun City attempts to lure foreigners by i in -140- prominent names in sports and show business to perform at very high fees, and by claiming that apartheid is not practised at the complex. According to the General Manager of Sun City, the world-wide publicity generated by the sports and entertainment stars who play at Sun City was expected to have a snowball effect and attract more overseas tourism to South Africa. 162/ 688. Despite the numerous resolutions of the General Assembly calling for an end to sports, cultural and social contacts with South Africa, available information indicates that during the period under review, such contacts continued unabetted. (a) Entertainment 689. The present policy of the United States Government of "constructive engagement" with South Africa has encouraged the collaboration of United States promoters with South Africa. Prominent among such promoters are the William Morris Agency and the Red Beard Presents Production Ltd., of Las Vegas, which have recruited American entertainers to perform in South Africa. 163/ 690. Although some athletes and entertainers have used the excuse that "apartheid is not practised in Bophuthatswana" for going to Sun City, it has been suggested that an important reason may be the enormous sums paid. This has given rise to speculation that the payments may be subsidized by the South African Government since it setem n - iJ--uld etherwise a -:;r 16h*_ 4-/ 691. Some entertainers have shown their support for Pretoriaiz:rand its illegal occupation of Namibia. Mr. Frank Sinatra-not only performed at Bophuthatswana, but also received a decoration frnomP o addressed its "Assembly". Mr. -i natr- ra-i_-his performance. The Irish singer, Miss Geraldine Baranagan, toured South Africa in 1982 and also entertained racist- A " nu. . Namibia-Angoa brFe--*0; . r 692. According to a report by the United Natio CWntrc the period fro . groups performed in South Africa .. . t_ wt) Other individuals mentioned in the report were nationals of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark th ad R .Lr Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherla d-- - -e from Puerto Rico and the Republic of Korea. 163/ 693. Although appeals to performers s- - ...... success, many entertainers have not responded to such appeals. 163/ 694. Some of the prominent performers who have toured South Africa are the Vienna Boys Choir (Austria), Nana Mouskouri (Greece), Marina Specifico .'I. Cliff Richards (United Kingdom) and Dakota Staton, the Beach Boys, Brook Benton, Kenny Rogers, Liza Minelli, Dolly Parton, Linda Ronstadt, Ray Charles and Frank Sinatra (United States). 163/ (b) Sports 695. M n -- me tan *,"ala . ...0M...... apartheid sports and several have taken futJLroinnt aA J_&tp(see paras. 706-715). _oie.y- - . - n 9 90 -141- their contacts with South Africa under the pretext of separation of sports and politics. 696. From September 1980 to December 1983, sportsmen and women from the United Kingdom and the United States participated in larger numbers and in more categories than individuals of any other nationality. Sportsmen and women from Australia, Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Israel, Spain and Switzerland also competed in South Africa. 697. Officials of the English Rugby ma-ne- clear their in def an -_-______.-r,_698. For the first time a rugby team from Namibia toured South America and 11'-tn we re Moreover, duing the match held against C . by the inclusion of several players from Mendosa, the ch-*q a November 1983. 167/ 700. In May 1983, it was reported that pre-taped fights featur f e-u 4 of South African boxers would be seen on cable telei t _iCd-5te-. South African companies wouldthe broadcasts. 168/ (c) Tourism, immigration-and visitors 701U. For the firstime in ith n. . ..,. 0 has elected a South African, Dr. Wynand Pretorius, to its Ec'-oit -t-_-= Dr. Pretor ius, who is the Presi W.t-fthFsiv, VJ- = committee. 169/ 702. The South African regime reported earnings o--R- .-than 700,000 tourists to South A-rica during the year endn-,- 703. According to the South African regime, the number orimmigrant-and-- - tr g a i-n--of-iirwtir--a-n-s--r-ta - h-8-2 -a It ln 65 4k_,RA_ -1-__ram77i visitors on business and 2.814 visitors for study purposes - enter outh Africa in January 1982. 171/ and professiona_,-has-mowb ne r i owe o - 1nr_ mes Palaet -ar on ht immigrant.. and ete F I i v ZA Z ,i__e~neu tp. ser 1~earmd j-r1- -- . right to work. According to the racist r~gime, 140,000 white immig -*---- between 1978 and August 1982, of whom 56,000 were from Zimbabwe and 52,000 from the United Kingdom. 172/ * The representative of Chile informed the Council at its 431st meeting that the rugby team was a South African team and not a Namibian team. -142- o t ifo =opea t io^n 705. Available information indicates_tba :e SCji J *n*-t between South Africa and othe i n . I ionearly 200 of the world's top fuel scientistb ... . energy-cr i to South AErica, the Conference would -e a nk the South African Institute of CT -e o Industrial Research (CSIR). 173/ (e) R ion by the Internal' 01 . .. . South Africa 706. The attempt by South Africa and its collaborators to gfvv ... . ag coloni i "- " - - --d-- T--- ... I I p_ t.rouh -3'IA-cultural contacts has been countered by individuals. oran' r tthat have campaigned, boycotted and taken other necessary actions against such activities. 707. In an a tl entitled article, "GI- _-- ..... __.... , The New York Time r r.ted that I h 1_1--- e g-M- th'Mio hf-hy learned that Dohut 708. The organizers of the Gold Cup W ...... ---,C-.. . .^ Netherlanids anouce that ... . ~-.... withdrawn owin"n-o t arrnic-tpatioo ioe-t.1JLo -r"decision was taken on the basis of the " . Africa !peicy of hed .... . Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Union of " "5 1 1 q 709. In NewZealand, triis ot hundreds of New -a-a-ders who demonstrated against South Africa's -L-_ - _ m M__e____..__that, the New Zealand anti-apartheid movement _s ______to stop the planned -,¥_ in 1985. The moveme t-Ias-a o-campa------t economic, dlomatic, cultur J andotheriinKs witn S'W-- Vtrica. 176/ 710. An international exhibt -4Jr -__4E-s__...... ___aI opened at the Fondation Nationale des Arts Graph 22 November 1982. The exhibit was shown throughou-Europe. at .rwd housed in a museum in trust for a free and demn'rnt'i Be -.the basis of universal suka -.- / -.T~Cv rm , -° Sw-e-den--d~-e- -is -. . ia oie=- s-were to particine,.-10 712. All the Governments of the West Indies condemned the participation of their nationals in a cricketers' tour of South Africa and in some instances took actions against them (see A/AC. 1151.590) . Theports o Guyana, himself an interna ' - - -.. ____" had this to say about them: "This renegade group of West Indian players who ha -- of freedom and justice and who no doubt would be treated as 'honora-rW w , in .. .. sh uDe acceted b the South Af-rj4 , -4-so that they could enjoy the benefits of the South Af-r -143- cause further discomfort to the West Indian population by attemptig among us." 713. Despite the enormous fees that have been offere d _to collaborate with South Africa, many have refused to go there._RsTPhi!z1YiajI=3EE a well-known Broadway star, replied as follows to an offer: "I could not tour South Africa under any circumstance. Thne a a oS5i _me~t that supersedes money". 179/ The internationally famous singer, Ms. Roberta Flack, rejectea al 2.5 million F'er ', f . U550 714. On 14 September 1983, many famous personalities formed an organization entitled "Artists and Athletes against A2artheid" and launched a campaign to seek the support of some 15,000 United States entertainers and sports figures and to dissuade them from performing in South Africa until apartheid is fully dismantled. The organization is co-chaired by Arthur Ashe and Harry Belafonte, and among its members figure Jane Fonda, Paul Newman, Larry Holmes, Wilma Rudolph, Sidney Poitier and other equally prominent artists and athletes; some of them had previously gone to South Africa but have now vowed not to do so again. 180/ 715. The black majority population of South Africa has always been at the forefront of international action against social and cultural contacts with racist South Africa. They have supported the efforts of the United Nations, the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROC) and the South African Council on Sports, to oppose apartheid in the social and cultural fields, particularly in sports. It will be recalled that in 1982 South African Breweries put up $US 1.6 million to bring a dozen world-class soccer players to South Africa in order to compensate for the ban on competition by the apartheid r6gime in World Cup soccer. However, more than 12 black organizations teamed up to persuade Soweto's top three soccer teams and thousands of fans to boycott the event. The Chairman of Soweto's Committee of Ten had this to say about the tour: "They were all so bloody arrogant. They took it for granted that because blacks are crazy about soccer they could go ahead and organize this tour without asking how we felt about it ... They tried to use the tour to put over the lie that soccer here is normal and we could not let them get away with it". 110/ D. Concluding observations 716. The findings of the present report indicate that, despite the adoption of General Assembly resolutions ES-8/2, 36/121 B and 37/233 A, the local authorities in Taiwan and certain Western and other States, including France, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, continue to increase their active collaboration with South Africa. This collaboration, together with the policy of open support for the racist Pretoria rigime adopted by the Government of the United States and the consistent steps taken by that Government to prevent the isolation of South Africa in all areas, including the political arena, contribute directly to the survival of the apartheid policies of South Africa, its illegal occupation of Namibia and its acts of aggression against independent African States. 717. Most States which had political and diplomatic relations with South Africa prior to the adoption of the resolutions have made little or no effort to discontinue those relations. A proportionately small number of those States have taken concrete measures to terminate such contacts. 718. As regards economic relations, ties between South Africa an ts trra0tlonfal- - -e4--~ ~ 4 ... ~ The recent decision of the United States Government to relax existing restrictions on trade and other economic relations with the racist r. .ime encouraged these and other countries to take a stio I1 I a- IA~.L~ * * *~-~ i" a un fl IV~ ~ . states, a- -nud--- -h- ---.. I-!WCLI other states, including the TT p4*A-z afli ths. S rica andc r - and±o snown trm-ai pattern. ARMSOR, e ma---n owne- the South African G rL1 te r m~ a rg, i ...... ai..... " _resolution 418 (1977)--aad-Gene-aa- yesol-u ons -_-. rage C111 --At ar-nc -n-te d-u------1pc --~ 12o 1 international community has been the growing relationship between South Israel in the military and nuclear fields. The iq"tq-.. Africa, resulting - - " ' ga-tTi id-- ii _. Of Na~mibi sne-xel.?lr-d 8c of aggreap---- a _in the region, has been aggravated by the military ce t b Africa on the one hand and certain Western and otner countries on the otner. 720. Contacts in the cultural and s--. __ - increase in the co 1_ . . international coMs__unst- up its upi!.i in an effort to forc---t-to witnaraw I _____-_--_-_a ir-h- i policy. T e- -= . .,-- ot __i r _o the demons tr at ion - it-t- s JswJ e-rican ____th have part-iipated in sports cmpfJ-it determimati-n-oeaict tilgrips of the racist gi - , - ...... __:_u the interna ional isolation in sports are yet another indication ot-we~r i*Jn adverse impact that such isolation is having on the r-ac t 721. It is thus clear that while boycotting -SO jhAx4e,---e d inffFn: Lse f- te ntin a- -.. J 1, - ___en to the South African Government by ear- sir- S-_-_ _genuine - th-...... ne racist regiapartheid poli-Le-n-irL.,[ it al__oc nat. 722LTb - pe-ace- HE secOCR.y I'8situation in southptnn_ in ___ _.__ _ _prompt and deciiv- ea a's = , to - m . - - -- u- rustrate and undermine the -31 Q--U-FfC racist r6gime and toeme be a scenari &ota---c vtenc _. colonialism and those seeking justice, equality and national liberation and independence. 723. It is of the utmost importance that the Security Council proceed without delay to impose comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The Security Council has been repeatedly thwarted from taking this action by its three Western permanent members, namely, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries should bring their policies into accord with the clearly expressed wish of the international community in this regard. All Member States must take a firm and unequivocal stand in support of the oppressed and exploited people of Namibia in their just struggle for national liberation and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. -145-

CHAPTER V CONSULTATIONS WITH MEMBER STATES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS ON NAMIBIA A. General 724. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 38/36 C, the Council decided to send missions of consultation to Western Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, covering the following countries and organizations: the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities from 16 to 31 January 1984 (see A/AC.131/133 and 134); Japan, Argentina from 7 to 16 April i--984 - --- .- missions was to undertaKe consul-taions witI . of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and moEll R 5A--support for the speedy independence of Namibia. The statement8A_ . s issued by thne conclus--ion U_ _ - -'" 725. Immediately prior to its extraordinary plenary meetings neld .. .w Council sent a high-level Mission to New Delhi to hold consul Chairperson of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries from 16 to developments pertaining to Namibia and discussing the role that t etMovement had played a i w theoUflE-5N5i-Mid ______support for the Namibian cause and to assist in the early ae eme independence__5z-_a_726. In their discussions with the Governments visite, tP _xnsthat Namibia was the direct responsibility responsibility was exercised through the United Natis- " Namibia esta 'shed as Pn--gN-i- .. 727. The missions teaf...... sel-f-determination and national tn-d-kla-- l - a Bay and the offshore islands, in acc General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) an2 resolutions of the Assembly relating to Namibia. 728. The missions also reaffirmed the legitimacy of the struggle ...... people by all means at their disposal, including armed struggle, against the illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa. The missions further reaffirmed that SWAPO, the national liberation movement of Namibia, was the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. 729. The missions recalled that the General i-repeat Africa for its continued resolutions of the United Nations, its oppression o1--fne NamilXpe : of terror and intimidation against Namibian patrio so its mi 1 - ., Namibia and its use of the Territory for aggression against independentAfxStates, particularly Angola. They pointed out that-oe ic f" constituted a threat to peace and securi S a n- -ntn A in general. -146-

730. The missions emphasized that genuine inde ._achieved with the direct and full participation of SWA in ail implement the resolutions of the United Nations, includin- - 'ounciiresolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). They indicated that e- e t n-which contained the United Nations plan for the indepenun --Nuanii sr i the only universally accepted basis for _e-.. - __ question - ir : tc modifittoiyi- ,rication or qualitication. tai. rne missions aiso recalled t- _ so-called laws and proclamations issued byhiila. Namibia, as well as all fraudulent constituti-jnaaU_.an& ~cc upa t i3nri~AJD,~±. were - ' a -zrauad-r --Governm eco rd recognio-w-o---any puppet administration which the Pre.3r-a * - 732. The missions stated that the encouragement given to Pretoria by its Western allies had led to an impasse in the efforts to secure the independence of Namibia. They firmly rejected the persistent attempts by the United States and South Africa, with the tacit support of certain other Western countries, to establish a "linkage" or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. They emphasized that the persist.. - -only delay the decolonization process in Namibia and constitut' r- - -- the internal affairs of Angola. They stressed that the United ___tAdministration's bo y of gconstructav. w__ , - South Afer e1Ga u -- am i - te ra Namibian issue. 733. The missions reaffirmed that the natural resourceof brthright of tilami-w-p-l- e. and expressed__deprt0c r -depletion or those resources, part-i i E-t-. " duecr reckless piundepbv A rr. =aj I I-fov&MEQE interests in violation of the pertinent resolutions of thenPraX 1_ - -J the Security Council, of Decree No. 1 fo rotection ot the Naturak-Rtevources of Namibia, 2/ and in disreugar __ftJ-" of J.ustco 21 Jn ---m the racist r~gime and its allies must be br - b £ 734. The missions urged the Governments, p Council of compzr-ebeas -e__ urn tsanctions unilaterally and collectively so as to comply with t! __Africa called for by the General Assembly in its resolltin_37/223~ A.735. The missions strongly condemned South Afr i_a_' military base from which to launch armed attack_% _ " * * _ ' States, particulax!.thit and invasion of Angola,- -c--a'upation or parts of that country. The South African r~gime had also carried out a general policy of military aggression and destabilization against the neighbouring front-line States in order to intimidate those and other African States and prevent them from su struggle of the Namibian and South African peoples for freedom and independence. Those acts, which constituted a breach of internationap also aimed at disrupting and destabilizing the economies of the front-line-- ____which had steadfastly supported the Namibian people. The missions emDhasizpd Lho 1 i :; need for the international community to extend, as a matter of urgency, full support and assistance, including military assistance, to the front-line States in order to enable them to safeguard their sovereignty and territorial integrity against the repeated acts of aggression by South Africa. 736. The missions expressed strong support for the communiqu4s adopted at the Meeting of the Ministers and Heads of Delegations of Non-Aligned Countries to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session, held in New York from 4 to 7 October 1983; the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, held at New Delhi in November 1983; and the fortieth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of OAU, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 7 March 1984. By these communiques the vast majority of the international community reaffirmed the commitment to the early and peaceful attainment of independence by Namibia, in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). B. Mission of Consultation to the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities and meetings with non-governmental organizations and other groups (16 to 31 January 1984) 737. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 38/36 C, the Council dispatched a Mission of consultation to the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg to hold discussions with the Governments of those countries. The Mission also undertook consultations with the European Parliament and with the Commission of European Communities. 738. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Governments on the Namibian question and the need for the speedy and effective implementation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia. In the case of the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities, the Mission was to express the concern of the Council in regard to the resolution adopted by the European Parliament on 13 January 1983 181/ on the need for development aid to Namibia and to ensure that no action would be taken by those authorities which would imply recognition of South Africa's illegal presence in Namibia. 739. In the course of its discussions, the Mission reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. 740. The Mission expressed its firm solidarity with the Namibian people in their struggle, by every available means, for self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 741. The Mission strongly denounced South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia in disregard of the resolutions of the United Nations and the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 1971. 742. The Mission expressed strong support for Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and reaffirmed that those resolutions constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. It regarded the introduction of irrelevant issues into the peace plan as tactics on the part of the Pretoria r6gime aimed at perpetuating its illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the will of the international community. -148-

743. Within this context, the Mission re ___.._I_resolution 539 - 8n-i-- -_e. . 0 " i ! - Ie independence of Namibia to irrelevant and --traneus-jssues ac resolution 435 (1978), other ant-ij -. of the Gpr eA s -a--g-pblto the resolution of issues that were ali 435 (1978). The Mission called for the immedit______eyf crn nL t-rtion 435 (1978). 744. The Miss -or"----e1a-djh_ r Ji oa eu y o £amibia mus be assured through the reintegration ofWavis Bay within-its tpr recalled that the General Ass ...... -- ceother offshore islands of Namibia as part of thei- 745. The continued and ersisttnt_ak-a sp±a Soh,- tO in settlement on the Namibian people outside the ft' r, ..1 resolution 435 (1978) were str ....-- ... attempts null and void. 746.The-mi-ssion c -dned the ire& ---litarization of Na " - _ ou I- __.__and its use of the Territory as a i o.Tarl_=_ _ ___against independent African Stat -SLn '9rgio psi t iL1 that such acts constituted a grave threat to international peace and security. 747. The Mission strongly denounced the activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia and their plunder of the Territory's natural resources, in akioof Decree-No. 1 fo-the rotect on of the NaturA!_Re,_'_'--- n emphasized that such activi i s ontributed to te-ma i t_ __ __illegal occupation of Namibia. -4 in t i concion, the Mission-xie4-te- -. - _imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against otbfr --p -' for in Chapter ViI of the Q - - I- -_. 749. The Missionre-fatirmed its stron HU"tdi______South Africa by Security Council resoution 48 (1977) 1.effective implementatie. 750. The Mission called upr ous Governments and the -ter-natef-ti 1 commun-t , --fU--their total commitment to the condemnation of apartheid and the maximization of international pressure on the Pretoria r4gimet f its illegal administration from Namibia. 751. The Mission visited the Netherlands from 16 to 18 January 1984. On 17 January 1984, the Mission held ~ ons It, I l 3- .officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs nead -e-- " -- _. Ambassador-at-large. 752. The Government of the Netherlands assured the Mission of the keen4ttlwyhad traditionally taken in bjp and i see the T*e*rritorsed n Sot AnXnLtodm_ __illegal occupation of Namibia and expr P i Nam i blampople to £- -tw andi ______-149-

753. It was the conviction of the Netherlands Government that Namibian independence must be achieved only on the basis of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). The Government of the Netherlands was opposed to any extraneous pre-conditions being attached to the implementation of that resolution, and therefore rejected "linkage" of Namibia's independence to the question of withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It maintained that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) should be speedily implemented. 754. The Government of the Netherlands expressed support for the status and activities of the Council as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence. It declared its recognition of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia and its willingness to co-operate in the implementation of the Decree to the extent possible under its natural law. 755. With regard to the exploitation of Namibian uranium by foreign economic interests, the Government of the Netherlands maintained that no uranium from Namibia was being imported intrxhp Net-herlands for use in nuclear plants in that country. Under the Treaty of Almelo, Urenco was obliged to process whatever whether any consignment of uranium originated in Namibia. 756. The Government importance of Waluv 'ay to In --erfl Security Council resolution 432 (1978) by which the Council had declared that the territorial integrity of Namibia must be ensured throug"Walvis Bay within its territory. 7. On the generai question o sanctions againsouth Africa, L",'heKf -x Government was not opposed --Tr-riTe-il7p1T-te klr- " South Africa. it had taken such mea-South African nationals seeking entry into the Netherlands and abrogating a cultural agreement with South Africa. 758. The Government of the Netherlands reaffirmed its sup mar----imn e4_a .. "------..±~:~i: Ii t i~ its full and strengthened implementation. It was explor" .... p " " making the arms embarg e f ,le ______t______A_-___a Belgium 759 . The Mission am-I ___tn_ _ 1984 and wasreceito af7 held discussions with a Belgian delegation --" .headed by Mr. Erik Bal, Director, International Organizations Ser 760. The Government of Belgium reaffirmed t - 110t people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. 761. The Government of Belgium reaffirmed its support for the Council, of which Belgium was a member, as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence and expressed its appreciation for the -iportant - A- Council in the disciar-ge of its responsibiljtjj---tO 4 l. 762. The Government of Belgium expressed strong support resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) and reairmed _ _constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settent of the !ba - 150- question. It called for the speedy and unconditional implementation of the resolutions. 763. The Government of Belgium declared null and void the repeated attempts by South Africa to impose an internal settlement in Namibia outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). It reaffirmed its commitment to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations in promoting Namibia's accession to independence, renewing its call for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question as well as for the speedy organization of free and democratic elections, under Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 764. The Government of Belgium reaffirmed its support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977), which Belgium strictly observed, and demanded its full and effective implementation. with regard to the presence of a South African military attach4 in Brussels, over which the Mission had expressed concern, the Government of Belgium maintained that it had no military co-operation of any kind with South Africa and that the presence of a South African military attach4 in Brussels had no particular significance. 765. On the question of economic contacts with South Africa, the Government of Belgium informed the Mission that it still maintained some trading links with South Africa through private enterprise1 however, no Belgian enterprise or bank had financial interests in Namibia. 766. The Government of Belgium condemned South Africa's policy of establishing "homelands". For the past two years it had refused visas to persons from "the homelands" and in I January 1983 it had established visa requirements for South African citizens. 767. The Government of Belgium recognized the competence of the Council to enact the Decree, but maintained that the matter raised complicated legal questions under international law. In practical terms, Belgium fully adhered to the provisions of the Decree1 no State-owned or private company was engaged in the exploitation of the natural resources of Namibia. 768. In response to the suggestion by the Mission that the application of sanctions by South Africa's important trading partners would eventually help to put pressure on South Africa, the Government of Belgium observed that in the past sanctions had proved ineffective unless they were applied by all members of the international community. 769. The Chairman of the Mission and the SWAPO representative also held a discussion with Mr. Georges van der Espt, Chef de Cabinet of the Ministry of External Relations. Finally, the Mission called on Mr. Alfred Cahen, Director- General of Political Affairs in the Ministry of External Relations. Luxembourg 770. The Mission visited Luxembourg from 22 to 24 January 1984 where it held meetings with two officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Messrs. Jean Mischo, Director of Political Affairs, and Nicolas Schmidt, Secretary of the Embassy. 771. The Government of Luxembourg affirmed its support for the right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence. It recognized the Primary role of the United Nations in that regard, and the role of the Council as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence. -151-

772. The Government of Luxembourg condemned the policies of South Africa in Namibia and its aggression against Angola. 773. The Government of Luxembourg expressed support for the pertinent resolutions of the United Nations, in particular, Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), which constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. It declared its resolve to pursue every effort aimed at their speedy implementation. 774. The Government of Luxembourg declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory. 775. The Government of Luxembourg deplored South Africa's attempts to impose an internal settlement in Namibia outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). It declared all such attempts as null and void. 776. The Government of Luxembourg declared that it looked with hope to the work of the Western Contact Group, whose untiring efforts had led to the finalization of several aspects of the United Nations plan. It expressed the firm belief that continued efforts on the part of that Group could lead to a solution of the remaining difficulties. 777. The Government of Luxembourg recognized that SWAPO was the foremost advocate of Namibian independence and was contributing to the search for a solution to the Namibian problem. Its political philosophy, however, was that there should be free elections in Namibia and that the party emerging from those elections with a majority of votes would be recognized as the legitimate representative of the Namibian people. 778. On the question of the imposition of sanctions against South Africa, the Government of Luxembourg believed that there would be much difficulty in the administration of sanctions with regard to commercial contacts. Furthermore, sanctions imposed against the Smith r6gime in Southern Rhodesia, and on the Union -f C - - 111;:e1i m 1-b~ a±i e El E ~s such contc E4- -n f -3'-_779. The Government of Luxembo-g-r-e-a-Lux I (Yr di it - f South Africa. 780. With r--- i' rg_tn_ Tat the prese~nce of-Ctarc-fie iniAgl had neohin tedo t-h-~ ibian question. It woud-tferenre never acc Angola as a pre-conditin- "f '-9*&-fi - -t-'- 781. The Mission also held consultations with the Commission of o -a Deputies. Europeanpa im aPa zoiA of the i a "unitie 782.-m25Jarrr+O, tGHcio drsd Afire a nd De'- _ean ncmiS~SO m urptallrft rus i Mr. Michel Poniatovsky, the Chairman or- opentng r Uki a - * et--.,J-h-d. - _Nam h-_ of the Council to the resolution adopted by the European Parliament in January 1983 181/ on the need for development aid for Namibia. 783. Following a brief outline of the history of Namibia, the Chairman of the Mission reiterated the Council's objections to the European Parliament's resolution. Mindful of the clarifications already communicated by the European Parliament to the Council on the matter, 182/ the Chairman, however, expressed the Council's concern that by the said resolution, the European Parliament appeared to have ignored: (a) The international character of Namibia and the fact that the General Assembly was the only legitimate authority for the Territory; (b) The fact that the proposal for aid to be given directly to Namibians inside Namibia could only be channelled through South Africa, which was currently the de facto Administering Authority; such action would be contrary to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice and the decisions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, all of which had declared that South Africa was in illegal occupation of that Territory. The proposed aid to Namibia through South Africa would legitimatize its occupation and could only result in the further delay ok independence for Namibia; (c) The fact that the aid, designed to benefit the black and coloured officials who were likely to rise to the position of officers and executives, would in fact benefit only those who had shown accommodation with South Africa's illegal occupation; (d) The fact that the "non-______,1. .. be premised would have to be determin - d-t0 -c ... ta ou rlca would admintist ert-t _s ^__{_Jr_not supprt its_ _784.On26January oh4,eldh_ rI 1d------M rrepresentatives of the Co- I & i- 3 -&by Mr. Maurice Foley, Deputy Director-General for Development ofthe Communities. 785. The reputy Director-Genera inf I Lom4 Conventi,-o n A-- 'AC. 7 6/7), which aims at co-operation between Staest-e rwas considerable interaction be_____--__Pacific Ambassadors (ACP) and the Commis . --eorganization within Mc. 786. TheCommission outfined the assistance that members of SADCC. 787. The Commission further outlined the various rans made to Institute for Namibia, following the 1983 visits to EEC hy-bjit --tn Commissioner for Namibia and the T-788. The Mission also exchanged " em--jan qviewss ointihegroups and personalities of the European Parliament and t-e ComM-s-5-UazUF-European Communities . . . 1 Parliament, the Bureau of the Committee of-AC-mbeitt e o-A the Eupe a- - Ite- , the bureau of the Group of the European _-r -153-

(PPE), the Commissioner of the Commission of the European Communities in charge of development, and the Chef de Cabinet of the Commission of the European Communities in charge of external relations, including the nuclear section. Non-governmental organizations and other groups 78§. The Mission held discussions with various non-governmental organizations and other groups in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. During the exchange of views with the Mission, the non-governmental organizations expressed their resolve to maximize their contribution to international pressure to bring South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia to an end. C. Mission of Consultation to Asia and the Pacific Region (12 to 23 March 1984) 790. The Mission was led by Mr. Ignac Golob (Yugoslavia) and included Messrs. Syed Muazzem Ali (Bangladesh), Godwin M. S. Mfula (Zambia), Leslie Adrian Rowe (Australia) and Pius H. Asheeke (SWAPO). Japan 79L.21!he-M xsl8i9~t itpa fr:*,ci, --- iWed mr. 81111atau Ki~~wPr~mrt-- i~mini-ter for Fo-,j L fisF--x members of the Japanese Diet, headed by Mr. Yozo Ishikawa, Direc t(er of I ortqrAffairs Division of the Liberal Democratic Party. Members of t is atshe 792. During the meetings, the Mission reviewed thiettuation in and around -N wtbain all its aspects and outlined the councIis pos o o --Rsuf -is_&J The Japanese delegation-reaffired the alona e r4" f hI Namibia to self-determination and-dpw=Em i=& that Namibia was the direct respon commended and appreciated the effor~t of th e " responsibilities towa peoe 793. The -aftps-se delegation reaffirmed its tmgepotFrte ntdNttns--plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in the relevant res l-ut - a the United Natib-sp pariou4arly Se.urit' -uncdl resol .tcn 3,8 (L9 d m th ai#Aal assfrapaeu~~l. just and lasting settlement of the Namib. and called for every-ef- " ti immediate and uncond1Ui --implementation. he- .apan.... fto notd.. OjI i pnvi ihu link ing tfe evenenc irrelevant and extraneous i-55 which would he Jn " 794. The Japanese delegation condemned the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions and expressed its full support for resolution 432 (1978), by which the Security Council declared that the territorial integrit " "reintegration of-Walvis-IX within its t "rr r r 795. The Ja " . diplomatic ini " .w . the parties concerned towards the soltion utbt-Pron-efsTi --SUUthern-f a through dialogue and viewed them as positive moves which could contribute both t -154- confidence-building among the parties concerned and to the easing of tension in the region. The Mission pointed out that the question of Namibia could only be resolved on the basis of the United Nations plan and recalled that South Africa had made promises in the past, which it had later failed to fulfil. 796. The Japanese-d-eegati-vn--d-l-5o informed- he Mission that it_ etaken steps in Mrl __ I f?5_ _-t companies. It expressed the readiness of its Government to consider co-operation-making voluntary contributions, in addition to ij5 _ - c "n Article 17 of the charter of the United Nations, and providing personnel- ~Te civ- ---&---mt--rewr. A- 'n,-%jovernmenta1 797. The Mission also met wi h__r_ pey ve fap organizations, re --a- atati3_Asia-Pacific Resources Centre,-the Church of Christ. The two sides exchangedve __wa mobilizing international s_ New Zealand 798. The Mission visited New Zealand from 19 to 20 Ma______by Mr. David Thotsn, the Acting Minister__f/ir _a11ei-_owttnij-s * ----- representing the leader of-- -an_ -by___etT__. . Chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Mission also held meetings with a high-level delegation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, led by Mr. H. H. Francis, Deputy Secretary for Foreign Affairs. 799. After- e~dT come to the Mission. thj Affair s te _t t- aimed at the attainment of a peace ft!_ t _t the hope of New Zealand that the rts --sta-n-f Mozambique and Angola might lead to a relaxatlon, tens. internationally recognized indeDendencp fnr mAmihiA L.AWI.* E was 800. During consultations with the delegation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the situation in and around Namibia was discussed comprehensively and the Mission outlined the Council's position on various aspects of the issue. The New Zealand delegation expressed its Government's- .o h people and reaffirmed the support of New Zeaand,_ - - people for self-determi - t"o 801. Th ew cth* 'V -Ct--- iieggio l Namib 4"t -- ha.nf Tfir,_ li*pcontained in relevant Uni-tvJxjjtions resol-tio r es" _ _ . just and lasting settlement of the-Hamfian immediate implementation__Theerejection of any linkage, * Nations 1a- -que-t- , d or its early an 802. The New Zealand delegation deplored South Africars ±._tY&-j- ______its neig - .' , i-tu-- = other actions aimed at desta-b'--thbe ou t le - _ * _ 0. and international peace and security. In this context-nte New Zealand delegation -I

- ~ a..~S area. The Mission pointed out, however, that the question of -amibia could oiye resolved on -he bsisa-tpast with a view to delaying the implementation of the Unite onti803. The -r - -:- % appreciation for the role played by the Council in the dftsa3- =responsibilities towards-the Namiian people. 804. On 21 March 1984, following these consultations, the Ne- a d03tfor the first time, w -805. The Mission also met wi represen a of New Za --.-organizations, which included t i-- "fe e and Aid Africa, the African Information Centre of Wellington and the Ne-w Z-aAnti- apartheid Movement (HART), and exchanged views with them on ways and means of mobilizing greater support for the early independence of Namibia, as well as on the role that the non-governmental organizations could play in the propagation of the cause of Namibia. Australia 806. The Mission visited was received by Messrs. William G. Hayden, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and W. L. Morrison, Chairman of the Parliamentary -mie .. . Defence. It also met with Mr. P. G. F. Henderson, Secretary of the DepartmentOf Foreign Affairs, and held talks with a high-level del t Li Au trallan 807. The Australian delegation stated, int supported international efforts for the peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. In this context, it mentione t in-983,strali Minister had told the heads--Stat--an- m -- e meeting at New Delhi, that Australia had taken a strong interest in the Namibian x4lestion _d bea n - _'resolution of the Namibian problem. E 808. While comprehensively reviewing the situation in and around Naminia, the Mission expressedits ap-preciation to Australia, a u -Ti-er -for i- %--vuble eon tr iu underlined the ouncilIN:: I -Lt-ii--o--v a4lou "ct5 Of t--t 1-;U 809. The Australa people to self-deter"i a eppeencein - * 810. The Australian delegation reafirmed-e strong -the United Nations plan for Namibia as contained in the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and declared its resolve to pursue every effort aimed at the-immediate and full imple " t l i pre-condition. it lso rej-ec y-ltk implementation of the United Nations plan should 5e wit'ou pre-156- n X-L&T-3.3

0ii. Tne Australian delegation deplored Sot F neighbours and the use- b .- ths __a..._ie destabilizing those countries - . securi wh n-ln, e1i1 initiatives in southern Africa, and expressed the hope that they woul-d-e-ad- :oclimate of trust and contribute to the development of o - -anh -it--L region. The Mission stressed, however, that the question of Namibia should be resolved only on the basis of the United Nations plan and recalled that such false hopes had been created in the past so as to delay the independence of Namibia. 812. Following these talks, the Austraiian , f stateme -18 . The Mi- --l a mee ing with r preentives of t f non-governmental organizations at Sydney; ANC Support Committee; Union of Australian Women; Australian Peace Committee, Printing and Kindred I _dsti Union; Seamen's Union of Australia; New South Wales -tudent unFreedom from Hunger Campaign; Community Aid Abroad Association; and-Wm h and DAve-apmentAssociation. R" of were also exchanged views on the situation in and around Namibia, stressing, inter t South Africa continued to entrench its illegal occupation of Namibia in defian- United Nations resolutions pertaining to the Territory.&--i$ p .tr -s- that the Australian non-governmental organizations had an important role t- _supporting the process of lherat'_ n ' -- on them to intensify their effortszor mobi nhL icj * to e ergreater international pressure on Sou'ir from=Ramibi D. Miss _ nofCosutation to mr-i-i~ -0 mh (7 ta 81A_ The Mis " Xfsd-uf--Messrs. serge Elie -_ (H I Mdjld-8uguerra (Algeria); Yang Hushan (China-_ ;a Helmut Angula (SWAPO). Trinidad and Tobago 815. The Mission visited Trinidad and Tobagofrom7 to 10 April 19784. During its 1e via t-K ! e fe- srs-.j-nue, minister of External Affairs; Desmond Cartey, Minister or Inustry, CoimercumAffairs, and with Christopher Thomas. Actin p t . -- - . of Exte rnA! Affair-he-d ing ses w r Iofficials of the Ministry ^ dand witn a delegation headed by Mr. Lingston Cumberbath, Director or thet~ nnA_. " " nd. Aairs. 816. In the course of the discussions, the Minister for External AffaaijrJ Suq the Mission that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago wold a___ s- " travel documents issued by the Council in 4-t- eat _ . Authority for Namibia until independence. 817. During the meeting with the Minister for Industry, Can.- Affairs, the question of trade with SouthAfr4Aca--wa-s-*.- the Mission that, as a matter of policy and law, c. ft Tobago did not have any trade relations with South Africa d6.ni--h-owever, -157- that there might be some possibility of illegal trade with South Africa by individuals and that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago would be willing to investigate and take the necessary action to impede such trade. 818. As regards the possible imposition of economic sanctions against South Africa outside the United Nations, the Minister expressed his intention to raise that question at the next meeting of the Ministers of Trade of the ACP States with the purpose of obtaining the concurrence of the Caribbean countries to observe an economic boycott against South Africa. 819. On the question of assistance to Namibians, the Minister stated that he could speak for the Minister of Education and assured the Mission that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago would continue to grant scholarships to Namibian students proposed by SWAPO, on the basis of their qualifications. He added that his Government would provide assistance to the United Nations Institute for Namibia and concluded by stating that Namibia should become independent at all costs. Argentina 820. The Mission visited Argentina from 11 to 14 April 1984. 821. On 12 April 1984, the Mission was received by Ms. Elsa Kelly, Secretary of State for International Affairs, and by Mr. Jorge Mauhourat, Under-Secretary of Political Affairs, and on 13 April by the members of the External Relations Committee of the House of Representatives. The Mission held extensive discussions with a delegation from the Ministry of External Relations and Worship headed by Mr. Mauhourat. 822. The Secretary of State for International Affairs stressed her country's total commitment to support the heroic struggle of the Namibian people for their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. The Argentine delegation declared, among other things, its Government's commitment to redouble its efforts to provide all necessary moral and material assistance to the Namibian people in the pursuit of their just and legitimate aspirations. On 13 April 1984, the Mission and the Government of Argentina issued a joint communique, the text of which is contained in paragraph 1099. 823. On the same day, the Mission held a meeting with the Chairman of the External Relations Committee of the House of Representatives, during which the Chairman cordially welcomed the Mission and expressed his satisfaction that the Government of Argentina and the Mission had signed the joint communiqu6. He expressed the ardent hope that the people of Namibia would be able to exercise their right to freedom and national independence in the not too distant future. 824. Also present at the meeting were members of the Opposition, including members of the recently formed Commission for the Development of Argentine- African Relations (CODERAAF) whose objectives are, among others, to strengthen relations between African countries and the Republic of Argentina and to expand intercultural relations in all aspects based on the similarities which exist between Argentina and African countries. 825. The President of CODERAAF felt that the attitude of the Government of South Africa must be internationally repudiated and hoped that his Government would abide by international commitments, particularly with regard to Africa. He also stated that the Argentinian people repudiated any kind of segregation and colonialism and -158- believedtna- uman rights must be He further informed the Mission that hio--c oL posnt)t "e-- J~- e--iej, L to atflS all relations with Sut--f rica. Copies of - ---i- . Mission's members. He further stated th e oucomp a__tbp cOut- c-t -u--tb--nited Nations Council for Namibia. E. Issuance of statements and communiqu4s 826. The statements and communiquis issued by the mis Governments they visited are reproduced in paragraph 1099. J. .J y- CHAPTER VI ACTIVITIES OF THE COUNCIL RELATING TO THE REPRESENTATION OF NAMIBIA AND THE PROMOTION OF NAMIBIAN INTERESTS IN THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES A. General 827. The Council continued during the period under review to discharge the responsibilities conferred upon it by the General Assembly with regard to the representation and promotion of the interests and aspirations of the Namibian people in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system. It will be recalled in this connection that the General Assembly, by its resolution 38/36 C, decided that Namibia, represented by the Council, should participate as a full member in all conferences and meetings organized by the United Nations to which all States or, in the case of regional conferences and meetings, all African States were invited. 828. Namibia, represented by the Council, is a full member of UNCTAD, UNIDO, the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ILO, FAO, UNESCO, ITU and IAEA. The Council will continue to seek membership for Namibia in all appropriate specialized agencies and other United Nations bodies. Namibia also enjoys associate membership status in WHO, and is a signatory to the final act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. 58/ During the period under review, the Council was represented at the conferences and meetings indicated below. B. International conferences and meetings 829. Messrs. Tommo Monthe (Cameroon) and Antonio Jean-Poix (Haiti) represented the Council at the International Non-Governmental Conference on Apartheid and Racial Discrimination, held at Geneva from 5 to 8 July 1983. The Conference was sponsored by the Special Committee against Apartheid and the Non-Governmental Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Apartheid and Decolonization. 830. The same delegation represented the Council at the International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel, held at Vienna from 11 to 13 July 1983. This Conference was sponsored by the Special Committee against Apartheid in co-operation with the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization (AAPSO), the Organization of African Trade Union Unity and the World Peace Council (WPC). 831. Messrs. Paul J. F. Lusaka (Zambia), President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, and Tuluy Tang (Turkey) represented the Council at the Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, held at Geneva from 1 to 12 August 1983 (see A/AC.131/L.306). 832. The President of the Council also headed a delegation to the resumed session of the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, held at Kingston from 15 August to 9 September 1983. Other members of the delegation were Messrs. Feodor Starcevic (Yugoslavia), Essam Ramadan (Egypt) and Dumitru Masilu (Romania) (see A/AC.131/L.303 and Corr.l). -160-

833. Messrs. Ignac Golob (Yugoslavia), Syed Muazzem Ali (Bangladezb) Taibou Amadou Ba (Senegal) and Pe __Vs aniaretfCou1cil_at the International Conferenc - , a- I- .... 29 August t- 7-S.ep r_834. Mr. Nat-are-affr-14-ihnan tindiaJ ) p Special Committee on the Situatinwth regard to _neImt __Declaration on the Granting -o .i _context of the implemen at-or. o the- Dacz--a iun on t-r-anqz _depn-t Colonial Countries and Peoples. 835. Messrs. Hannu Halinen (Finland) and Rudolph Yossiphov {-Bt rf- -- _the Council at a Seminar with non-governmental organizations based in Europe, organized by the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, held at Vienna from 21 to 23 February 1984. 836. The Special Committee against Apartheid also sponsored a Latin American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, held at Caracas from 16 to 18 September 1983. Representing the Council were Mrs. Elena M. Coronel de Rodriguez (Venezuela) and Mr. Helmut Angula (SWAPO). 837. Mr. Mohamed Sahnoun (Algeria) represented the Council at a meeting of the Committee for the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, held in New York on 29 November 1983. 838. Mr. Lusaka (Zambia) represented the Council at the Solemn Commemorative Meeting in Observance of the Twenty-second Anniversary of South African Heroes Day, held in New York on 16 December 1983. The meeting was sponsored by the African Group of States at the United Nations. 839. He also represented the Council at the Greater London Council Ceremony to declare Greater London an "Anti Apartheid Zone", held in London from 9 to 11 January 1984. 840. Mrs. Famatta Osode (Liberia) represented the Council at the ninth meeting of the States Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, held in New York on 20 January 1984. 841. Messrs. Mazilu (Romania) and Ernest N. Tjiriange (SWAPO) represented the Council at the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, held at Kingston from 19 March to 13 April 1984. 842. Mr. Lusaka (Zambia), President of the Council, addressed members of the United States Congress at a congressional briefing on United States policy and the war in southern Africa, held at Washington, D.C. on 25 April 1984. 843. Mr. Golob (Yugoslavia) represented the Council at the North American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, held in New York from 18 to 21 June 1984. -161- C. Meetings of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other activities under the United Nations Fund for Namibia 844. Messrs. Golob (Yugoslavia), Halinen (Finland) and Mohamed K. Amr (Egypt) and Mrs. Elena Coronel de Rodriguez (Venezuela) represented the Council at the Seventeenth Meeting of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 24 August 1983. 845. Mr. Lusaka (Zambia), Mr. Halinen (Finland) and Mr. Amr (Egypt), Mrs. Coronel de Rodriguez (Venezuela) and Mr. H. Geingob, Ms. C. Tabor and Mr. Angula and Mr. Hamutenya (SWAPO) represented the Council at the third extraordinary meeting of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 9 November 1983. 846. Messrs. Lusaka (Zambia), Amr (Egypt) and Halinen (Finland) represented the Council at the Eighteenth Meeting of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, held at Lusaka from 23 to 26 June 1984. D. Specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system 1. International Labour Organisation 847. Messrs. Lusaka (Zambia), Shihepo (SWAPO) and Otto (SWAPO) represented the Council at the Tripartite Conference on Apartheid, sponsored by ILO, and held at Lusaka from 4 to 8 May 1984. 848. Messrs. Roger Ravix (Haiti), Cheikh Sylla (Senegal), Tjiriange (SWAPO) and Ya Otto (SWAPO) represented the Council at the Seventieth Session of the ILO Conference, held at Geneva from 6 to 27 June 1984. 2. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 849. Mr. Anghel Constantin (Romania) represented the Council at the twenty- second session of the General Conference of UNESCO, held in Paris from 25 October to 29 November 1983. 3. World Health Organization 850. Messrs. Gaspard Towo Atangara (Cameroon) and Iyambo Indongo (SWAPO) represented the Council at the thirty-seventh World Health Assembly, held at Geneva from 7 to 18 May 1984. 4. United Nations Development Programme 851. Mrs. Coronel de Rodriguez (Venezuela) represented the Council at the organizational meeting of the Governing Council of UNDP, held at United Nations Headquarters, New York, on 22 February 1984. -162-

5. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 852. Mrs. Edith Bowen-Carr (Liberia) represented the Council at the formal meeting of the Permanent Representatives of States members of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme (thirty-fourth session), held at Geneva from 10 to 19 October 1983. 853. Mr. Godwin Jituboh (Nigeria) represented the Council at the informal meeting of Permanent Representatives of States members of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, held at Geneva on 24 and 25 January 1984. 854. Messrs. Sidaty Aidara (Senegal) and Ertugrul Apakan (Turkey) represented the Council at the Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa, organized by UNHCR at Geneva from 9 to 11 July 1984. 6. United Nations Industrial Development Organization 855. Mr. Guillermo Otalora (Colombia) represented the Council in an observer capacity at the eighteenth session of the Industrial Development Board of UNIDO, held at Vienna from 2 to 18 May 1984. 7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 856. Mr. M. Alouidor (Haiti) represented the Council at the first government consultation for Africa, a follow-up to the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 7 to 10 September 1983. 857. Mr. Alexandro Nicolescu (Romania) represented the Council at the twenty- second session of the Conference of FAO, held in Rome from 5 to 24 November 1983. 858. He also represented the Council at the eighty-fifth meeting of the Council of FAO, held in Rome on 25 November 1983. 859. Mr. Carlo Toussaint (Haiti) represented the Council at the ninth session of the Committee on World Food Security, held in Rome from 11 to 18 April 1984. 8. International Atomic Energy Agency 860. Mr. Dan I. Cazana (Romania) represented the Council at the twenty-seventh regular session of the General Conference of IAEA, held at Vienna from 10 to 14 October 1983. E. Organization of African Unity 861. Mr. Lusaka (Zambia) represented the Council at the forty-first ordinary session of the OAU Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984. 862. Messrs. Lusaka (Zambia) and Melchior Bwakira (Burundi) represented the Council at the fortieth session of the OAU Council of Ministers, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 7 March 1984. -163- or 863. Mr. Hardikun Supandar iMPre7St --r the Mino ff at ai from £--t: 30 January 1984. G. Meetings and conferen e-s-sp $f'W hflf__gLm eXl organizations 864. Mrs. Famatta Osode (Liberia) represented the Council at the Internatio l Seminar on "Working Towards Health Care in an IndependentNaiia e in from 14 to 16 October 1983. The Seminar was sponsored by the Namibia-Supp r- tCommittee, London. . s. onjaRuzicT-ugosavia) representeat Cn----t-tl-e'r session of the CouncUia]heenrefor oPUiiC Eerprise Developing Countries, held at ju jana, ugost stavTa7-3 -4-e98-3 866. Mr. Tuluy Tang (Turkey) represented the Council- "-a---- ' - ItaliarnNatinna at the Port of Livorno, I aly on11rty_LJ_8_4. 867. Mr. Gtrr-g aj---phrec--ted-t - ± a Hearing on South African Aggression against the Neighbouring States, held a- tOslo from 22 to 24 March 1984. The Hearing was sponsored by the Norwegian Council for Southern Africa, the African Groups of Sweden and the Danish Association for International Co-operation. 868. Mr. Ian Hutchens (Australia) represented the Council at a Fund-Raising Programme for Humanitarian Aid for the South West Africa People's Organization, held at Hamilton on 31 March 1984. The event was sponsored by the Bermuda Anti-A2artheid Movement. 869. Mr. Kennedy Apoe (Nigeria) represented the Council at a National Convention against Apartheid, held in London on 23 and 24 June 1984. The Convention was sponsored by the British Anti-Apartheid Movement. -164- Y. I

CHAPTER VII ACTIVITIES OF ...... %F 870.Byits resolution38/36D,theGeneralAssemblyM __ru k to mobilize international public opinion on a continuous baaiswita__iiw assisting effectively the people of Namibia in the achievement of sRelfdet-erint io, Ero a -id a unlted- am1ia and, in particular, to intensify the world-wide and continuous dissemination of information on the struggle for liberation being waged by the people ONam1iia undert ntative. 871. By the same resolution, the General Assembly reiterated the importance of publicity as an instrument for furthering the mandate given by the Assembly to the Council and, mindful of the pressing need for the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat to intensify its efforts to acquaint world public opinion with all aspects of the question of Namibia, in accordance with policy guidelines formulated by the Council, requested the Secretary-General to ensure that the Department, in all its activities of dissemination of information on the question of Namibia, followed the policy guidelines laid down by the Council as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia. 872. The General Assembly further requested the Secretary-General to direct the Department, in addition to its responsibilities relating to southern Africa, to assist, as a matter of priority, the Council in the implementation of its programme of dissemination of information in order that the United Nations might intensify its efforts to generate publicity and disseminate information with a view to mobilizing public support for the independence of Namibia, particularly in the Western States. 873. The General Assembly also requested the Secretary-General to provide the Council with the Department's 1984 work programme covering the activities of dissemination of information on Namibia, followed by periodic reports on the programmes undertaken, including details of expenses incurred. It also requested the Secretary-General to group under a single heading, in the section of the proposed programme budget of the United Nations for the biennium 1984-1985 relating to the Department, all the activities of the Department related to the dissemination of information on Namibia. 874. The General Assembly, recognizing the important role that non- governmental organizations play in the dissemination of information on Namibia and in the mobilization of international public opinion in support of the Namibian cause, called upon the Council to enlist the support of non-governmental organizations in its efforts to mobilize international public opinion in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people and of their sole and authentic representative, SWAPO, and to that end requested the Council to prepare, update and continually disseminate lists of non-governmental organizations from all over the world, in particular those in the major Western States, in order to ensure better co-operation and co-ordination among non-governmental organizations working in support of the Namibian cause and against apartheid. -165-

875. The General Assembly requested those non-governmental organizations and support groups that were actively engaged in supporting the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO, to continue to intensify, in co- operation with the Council, international action in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, including assistance to the Council in the monitoring of the oo--S WA--2d-i--b876. The General Assembly decided to allocate the sum of $US 3 0 - - ---the Council for its programme of co-operation with non-governmenta organiati i nclA 3g- 1- - C& nM organizations, dissemination of conclusions of such conf e i sni Other activities as will promote the cause of the liberation struggleut4 Namibian people, subject to decisions of the Council in each individ alas-----__rm ae____.... 877. The General Assembly also decided to intensify its inter -- - p- support of the cau.se. 5 -N5115 -b-n af---h United States, certain other Western Sta racists and, to that end, requested the Council to inclu x m an ..f dissemination of information for 1984 the following aci tA military and social consequences of the illegal occupation 5"45MMI ---'n Africa, as well as on legal matters, on the question of t_ . . ...of Namibia and on contas between tas and Souvh Afri German and Spanish languages designed to draw the attention of-we " to the current situation in Namibia; (C) Production of material for publicity thzouqr" i " " broadcasts; (d) Placement of adverti&.pa me _ i n.ep ad (e) Production of films, film-strips and slide sets on Namibia; (f) Production and dissemination of posters; (q) Full utiliz ss conferences and press briefings in order to maintain a ot-3---EmAt to the public on all aspects of the Question of Namibia; (h) Production and dissemination of a compr ...... or , -- , (i) Preparation and wide dissemination of a booklet contanirrg g- the e- Y relevant portions of Assembly xe______...... _interests in a______-___"____-_(j) Publicity for and distribution of an indexed reference book on transnational corporations involved in Namibia; (k) Preparation and disseminatio implementation of Decree No. I for the Protection of the Nau!1 -5 Namibia; 2/ -166-

(1) Acquisition of books, pamphlets and other materials relating to Namibia for further dissemination. 878. During the period under review, the Council and its secretariat continued to disseminate information to Governments, leading opinion makers, media leaders, political and academic institutions, non-governmental organizations, cultural organizations and support groups concerning the objectives and functions of the Council and the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO. It also held consultations with and sought the co-operation of those personalities and institutions by inviting them on special occasions to participate in the deliberations of the Council, such as the symposia, seminars and media encounters that preceded those events. 879. In its efforts to increase the dissemination of information on Namibia, the Council acted through its Standing Committee III, which in turn worked closely with representatives of the Department of Public Information and the Publishing Division of the Department of Conference Services of the Secretariat to intensify informational activities related to the question of Namibia and to give those departments guidance on specific projects for dissemination of information to the general public. 880. In this regard, the Council produced and disseminated folders containing the following updated materials: (a) "A crime against humanity: questions and answers on apartheid in South Africa" (DPI/705); (b) Constitution of SWAPO; (c) Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia) d) List of transnational corporations operating in Namibia (A/CONF.120/8)i (e) Map 16" x 16"; (f) "Namibia: A Trust Betrayed" (DPI/74-38186, updated); (g) "Namibia: A Unique United Nations Responsibility" (DPI/631); (h) Nationhood Programme booklet; (i) Booklet on Walvis Bay (International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (IDAF)) (j) Pamphlet on the plunder of Namibian uranium; (k) Pamphlet on scholarships and other activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia; (1) Political programme of SWAPO; (m) Poster: "Stop the plunder of Namibia's natural resources"; (n) Poster of Sam Nujoma; -167-

(0) "The United Nations Council for Namibia: What it is, what it does" (DPI/603). 881. In addition, the Council disseminated a compendium containing the following material: (a) Major resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council; (b) Relevant portions of Assembly resolutions on the activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia and on military activities; (c) Resolutions adopted by OAU; (d) Excerpts from declarations and communiqu~s adopted by the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries; (e) A report on the military situation in and relating to Namibia; (f) A report on political developments related to Namibias (g) A report on contacts between Member States and South Africa since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A of 20 December 1982; (h) A report on the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia; (i) UN Chronicle, vol. XX, No. 03 (1983); (j) Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence (Paris, 25-29 April 1983) and relevant documents on the question of Namibia; (k) Two posters entitled "Stop the plunder of Namibia's natural resources" and "One hundred years of resistance and struggle of the Namibian people". 882. The Council disseminated the following material which was not produced by the Department of Public Information: (a) Walvis Bay - Namibia's Port; (b) Namibia: the facts (IDAF); (c) To Be Born a Nation; (d) Let us die fighting (Zed Press/Akademie Verlag). 883. The Council also entrusted to the Office of the Commissioner a film project to be carried out under the guidance and supervision of the Council 884. The Council considered a wide range of issues relating to the improvement of the dissemination of information on the question of Namibia, especially with regard to publicity for and during the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984; the Seminar on the -168-

Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984; the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984; the Seminar on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984, and the Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. 885. The Council also worked closely with the non-governmental organizations and kept them informed of its activities related to dissemination of information and provided guidance on specific projects being sponsored by the Council. B. Commemoration of the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO, and of Namibia Day 886. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 31/150 of 20 December 1976, the Council commemorated the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO, at its 407th and 408th meetings, on 27 October 1983. 887. During the two solemn meetings, statements were made by the President of the General Assembly; the President of the Security Council; the representative of the Secretary-General; the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid; the Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (also in the capac-ity of Chairman of the African Group of States); the representative of the Chairman of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries; the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia; the Chairman of the Asian Group of States; the Chairman of the East European Group of States; the Chairman of the Latin American Group of States; the Chairman of the Group of Western European and Other States; the representative of the Chairman of the Organization of the Islamic Conference; the Deputy Permanent Observer of the League of Arab States (LAS); the Deputy Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); the chief representative of ANC; the Observer of PAC; the representative of the non- governmental organizations; and the Secretary for Foreign Relations of SWAPO. 888. The Council paid tribute to the memory of the late Reverend Michael Scott. A minute of silence was observed in his memory and statements were made by the President of the United Natio-, Council for Namibia; the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation dith regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid; the representative of the Chairman of the African Group of States; the representative of the non-governmental organizations; and the Secretary for Foreign Relations of SWAPO. 889. Messages from the heads of State or Government of Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Egypt, Senegal, Pakistan, Democratic Kampuchea, Peru, Mali, Zambia, Nigeria and Guinea were read by their representatives. 890. Messages were also received from the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan, Argentina, Indonesia and Japan, as well as from the German Democratic Republic's Solidarity Committee and Committee for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. -169-

891. The Council held its annual commemoration of Namibia Day (26 August) at its 425th and 426th meetings, on Monday, 27 August 1984. 892. In August 1973, the Council had declared that 26 August should be observed annually as Namibia Day for as long as necessary, as a reminder of the critical time in August 1966 when the people of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO, having been left no alternative by the oppression and obduracy of the illegal racist South African r6gime in Namibia, had taken up arms to liberate their country. The General Assembly affirmed the Council's decision by its resolution 3111 (XXVIII) of 12 December 1973. 893. The armed struggle of the Namibian people has now been going on for 18 years. The General Assembly, by its resolution 31/46 of 20 December 1976, expressed its support for the armed struggle of the Namibian pepole, led by SWAPO, to achieve self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. 894. The meetings were opened by the President of the Council. A minute of silence was observed in memory of the heroes who had fallen in the struggle for the liberation of Namibia. 895. During the meetings, statements were made by the Secretary-General; the President of the Security Council; the representative of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid; the Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People; the Chairman of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia; the Chairman of the Non- Aligned Group; the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia; the representative of the Chairman of OAU; the Chairman of the African Group of States; the Chairman of the Asian Group of States; the Chairman of the Eastern European Group of States; the Chairman of the Latin American Group of States; the Chairman of the Group of Western European and Other States; the representative of the Chairman of the Organization of the Islamic Conference; the Deputy Permanent Observer of PLO; the Observer of ANC; the Observer of PAC; the representative of the non-governmental organizations; and the Secretary for Information and Publicity of SWAPO. 896. Messages from heads of State or Government of the following countries were read by representatives of those countries: China, Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Togo, Nicaragua, Bulgaria, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Central African Republic, Pakistan, Zambia, Cyprus, United Republic of Tanzania, the Gambia, Trinidad and Tobago, Burkina Faso, Haiti, Syrian Arab Republic, Islamic Republic of Iran, Nigeria, Tunisia and United Arab Emirates. 897. The President of the Council expressed its thanks for messages received from the President of Panama in his capacity as President of the General Assembly; the President of Seychelles; the President of Mali; the Prime Minister of Malaysia; the Minister for External Relations of Cuba; the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan; the Federal Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Yugoslavia; the Secretary of the People's Bureau for Foreign Liaison of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; the Minister for Foreiqn Affairs of the Republic of Korea; the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Thailand; the Minister for External Affairs of Venezuela; and the Minister for External Affairs of Colombia; for a joint message from the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden); a message addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on behalf of the 10 member States of EEC; messages from the Governments of Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica and Suriname, as well as -170- messages from the Permanent Observer of LAS; the Director-General of FAO; the German Democratic Republic Solidarity Committee; the Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee; the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU); the Mongolian Committee for Solidarity with Peoples of Asia and Africal the President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries; and the Polish Committee for Solidarity with the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America. 898. As part of the programme, the Council organized an exhibit, entitled "Aggression against the front-line States", which had been produced by the Holland Committee on Southern Africa. 899. Films on the question of Namibia were screened in the Dag Hammarskj8ld Auditorium and the Trusteeship Council Chamber. C. Press and publications 900. The Council, with the co-operation of the Department of Public Information, continued its major international campaign using all means available to it for the just cause of the Namibian people under the leadership of their sole and authentic representative, SWAPO. The Council also undertook activities to expose and denounce the collusion of the United States, certain other Western States and Israel with the South African racists. 901. In addition to the wide coverage given to its work, the Council organized an extensive publicity programme before, during and after the symposia, seminars and missions of consultation. 902. Press releases in the English and French languages were disseminated to the press, delegations and non-governmental organizations at Headquarters, and to the United Nations information centres throughout the world. Press releases were issued on all public meetings of the Council at Headquarters. In addition, daily press releases in the English and French or Spanish languages were issued for the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Jose, from 16 to 19 August 1983, the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, and the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984, as well as for the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984. Press releases were reissued at Headquarters and telexed to information centres for wide dissemination. 903. Press releases were issued on the Council's missions of consultation to Western Europe from 16 to 31 January 1984, the Asia-Pacific region from 12 to 24 March 1984 and Latin America from 7 to 16 April 1984 and the Mission to Western Europe to seek Legal Advice on the Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, from 25 April to 12 May 1984. 904. Texts of statements concerning Namibia by the Council's President, the Secretary-General and the President of the General Assembly were issued as press releases. 905. The activities of the Council were also publicized through the daily press briefings for the press corps and delegation press officers at Headquarters. -171-

906. Material on the question of Namibia was provided to the pool of non-aligned news agencies on a regular basis. 907. On the occasion of Namibia Day (26 August) and the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO (week of 29 October 1984), coverage was provided in press releases, radio and television, and a special photographic exhibit was mounted at Headquarters. Press releases were also issued on the occasion of the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Namibia and all other Colonial Territories, as well as those in South Africa, Fighting for Freedom, Independence and Human Rights (week of 25 May to 1 June 1984). Africa Liberation Day (25 May 1984) was commemorated at Bangkok. 908. On Namibia Day, most United Nations information centres issued press releases and background papers and organized activities such as the screening of United Nations films, lectures and round-tables on the United Nations role in the liberation of Namibia, essay contests, exhibits of United Nations posters, press conferences, television interviews and poetry reading sessions. Booklets and other United Nations information materials were also translated into some local languages. The information centres undertook similar activities for the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, and also for the related Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Namibia and all other Colonial Territories, as well as those in South Africa, Fighting for Freedom, Independence and Human Rights. 909. Information on the activities of the Council was telegraphed directly to the United Nations information centres for dissemination to the local media. In all, 492 information telegrams were sent to the information centres. 910. In accordance with the Council's guidelines, the Department of Public Information continued to disseminate information on the situation in Namibia and on the work of the Council and other United Nations organs concerned with the question of Namibia through its periodical publications, the United Nations Monthly Chronicle and Objective: Justice. Information on Namibia was also contained in such general reference works as the Yearbook of the United Nations. 911. In addition, pamphlets were issued on the following subjects: (a) The military situation in Namibia, in the Arabic, English, French, German and Spanish languages; (b) The Arusha Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia, in the German language; (c) Social conditions in Namibia, in the Arabic, English, French, German and Spanish languages; (d) Women in Apartheid South Africa, in the Portuguese language. 912. The following materials were reprinted: (a) Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia (Arabic, English, French, German and Spanish languages); (b) "A Crime against humanity: Questions and answers on apartheid in South Africa" (English, French, Portuguese and Spanish languages)l -172-

(C) "Namibia: A Unique United Nations Responsibility" (English, French and Spanish languages); (d) "The United Nations Council for Namibia: What it is, What it does" (English, French and Spanish languages); (e) Plunder of Namibian uranium (English, French, German and Spanish languages); (f) Poster "Stop the plunder of Namibia's natural resources" (Arabic, English, French, German and Spanish languages). 913. Publications on the following subjects are in production: (a) Military situation in and around Namibia; (b) Social situation in Namibia) (c) Political developments related to Namibia; (d) Activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia; (e) Contacts between Member States and South Africa since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A of 20 December 1982; (f) Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence (Paris, 25-29 April 1983). 914. In accordance with paragraph 9 of General Assembly resolution 38/36 D, the 1984 issue of the United Nations Day students' leaflet was devoted to the question of Namibia. 915. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 35/227 H of 6 March 1981 (see also para. 877 (h) above), the Council requested the Cartographic Unit of the Department of Conference Services to undertake the necessary research to prepare a comprehensive economic map of Namibia. 916. The Council has maintained liaison with the Unit regarding the above- mentioned request and is expecting the comprehensive economic map to be completed shortly. D. Radio and visual services 917. During the period under review, the Council, in co-ordination with the Department of Public Information, continued to arrange for radio coverage of its work, the work of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other United Nations bodies concerned with Namibia, as well as of developments relating to Namibia. Coverage was provided in the following languagesz Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Pilipino, Portuguese, Russian, Somali, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili and Zulu. 918. A series of six 15-minute radio programmes (in the English, French and Spanish languages), entitled Namibia: Update, and three programmes of the feature series Perspective dealing exclusively with the question of Namibia were produced. These programmes were adapted into a number of other languages and used by radio services. -173-

919. The Department continued to give extensive film, television and photo coverage to the activities and programmes relating to the work of the Council and to distribute the material to news syndicators. It also distributed 25 television news packages and filmed 260 metres of archival material. 920. Some 140 copies of the films "Free Namibia" and "Namibia: A Trust Betrayed" were distributed through the United Nations information centres and the Office of the Commissioner. Over 22,000 publications, 32 video tapes and 59 radio tapes on Namibia were distributed by information centres during the first five months of 1984. During the same period the information centres conducted 130 group briefings and answered 3,804 public inquiries. 921. A 60-second television spot on Namibia was produced in commemoration of Namibia Day in the Arabic, English, French and Spanish languages and distributed through the information centres and agencies of the United Nations system. E. Journalists' encounters 922. In its efforts to expand further the dissemination of information, the Council requested the Department of Public Information to organize journalists' encounters in advance of the symposia, seminars and the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council. A total of five encounters, one each at Arusha (United Republic of Tanzania), Ljubljana (Yugoslavia), Bangkok, Montreal (Canada), and Geneva, focused on the various topics scheduled to be examined at those events (see para. 884). 923. The encounters took the form of open discussions between a panel of the Council and 15 journalists and broadcasters approved by the Council, as well as some local and foreign-based journalists. 924. Although the discussions focused specifically on certain aspects of the Namibian question, considerable attention was also devoted to other aspects thereof and, in particular, to the role of the media in generating greater public awareness of and support for the Namibian cause and promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions and decisions on Namibia. 925. The journalists and broadcasters participating in the encounter prior to the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, drafted and issued a formal statement expressing their grave concern at the increasing South African media propaganda and psychological warfare on independent African countries and the liberation movements of Namibia and South Africa. They appealed to the United Nations, OAU and UNESCO to increase their assistance to the media of independent African countries and thus increase their capacity to counteract and nullify the adverse effects of Pretoria's destabilization campaign. 926. In addition to the general publicity which was provided at the venue of each event, the journalists and broadcasters covered extensively the question of Namibia in all its aspects in their respective press and broadcasting organizations, thus promoting the international campaign in support of the just struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination and independence, led by SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. -174-

927. The United Nations information centres at Bangkok, Belgrade, Dar es Salaam, and Geneva offered their co-operation and assistance to the Council secretariat and participants of the symposia, seminar and meetings in the form of local services, coverage and dissemination work. 928. The encounters organized by the Council during the period under review have had positive and significant results by promoting a better appreciation of the position of the Council and greater support for the just struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO. The encounters have served to encourage the Council to organize more activities in the future and to strengthen its programme of dissemination of information through direct interaction with the media, and to intensify its international campaign in support of the Namibian cause. F. Co-operation with non-governmental organizations 929. During the period under review, the Council continued to expand its co- operation with non-governmental organizations for the purpose of intensifying the efforts of the international community to bring about the speedy and unconditional implementation of the United Nations resolutions and decisions concerning Namibia, in particular Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 930. As part of its programme of co-operation with non-governmental organizations and under the terms of paragraph 17 of General Assembly resolution 38/36 D, the Council, in consultation with SWAPO, made financial contributions to a number of non-governmental organizations in order to enable them to advance the cause of the freedom of the Namibian people. Specifically, the Council made contributions to the following groups; (a) The Washington Office on Africa, Washington, D.C., for the organization of a publicity campaign in North America; (b) The National Anti-Imperialist Movement in Solidarity with Africa Liberation, New York, for a front-line States media project; (c) The Center for International Policy, Washington, D.C., for the mounting of an international campaign against IMF loans to South Africa, with particular reference to the contribution of such loans to the maintenance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia; (d) The Namibia Support Committee, London, for the organization of a conference on the question of Namibia entitled "One Hundred Years of Foreign Occupation; One Hundred Years of Struggle"; (e) The Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Apartheid and Decolonization, Geneva, for the organization of a conference entitled "One Hundred Years Is Enough" to mark 100 years of colonization of Namibia; (f) The Holland Committee on Southern Africa, Amsterdam, for conducting in-depth research, publishing the data and disseminating information on a possible Oil embargo against South Africa; (g) The Pan-African Pugwash, Cairo, for the holding of a seminar dealing with the Namibian question. -175-

The non-governmental organizations were requested to provide the Council with a detailed report on the utilization of the funds and a report on projects undertaken, their results and achievements. 931. Periodically, representatives of non-governmental organizations were invited to participate in and contribute to the symposia, seminars and other activities organized by the Council. G. Dissemination of information by the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia 932. The Office of the Commissioner continued to serve as an additional source of information on the activities of the Council. It prepared the Namibia Bulletin, a quarterly review and analysis of events relating to Namibia that is published in the English, French, German and Spanish languages. The Commissioner's Office also published Namibia in the News, a weekly newsletter. Both publications were widely distributed to Member States, non-governmental organizations and other parties and individuals interested in this subject. The Office of the Commissioner also gave briefings to support groups, student groups and individuals on the activities of the Council. 933. At the Asia and Pacific Mass Media Leaders' Round-table, held at Shanghai, China, from 30 April to 3 May 1984, the Commissioner introduced the topic "The United Nations and questions of southern Africa" for discussion by the 25 prominent media leaders attending the Round-table. 934. In April 1984, the United Nations Information Centre at Copenhagen assisted the Commissioner by arranging press conferences in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden on the occasion of his official visits to those countries. In June 1984, the information centres at Brussels, Dar es Salaam, Paris and Vienna made similar arrangements for the Commissioner. At Bonn, the Commissioner also attended a radio interview arranged by the information service at Vienna. 935. The Office of the Commissioner also assisted the Council in the undertaking of the following activities: (a) Publication and dissemination of United Nations booklets, brochures, pamphlets, posters and maps on specific topics relating to Namibia; (b) Acquisition, translation and distribution of non-United Nations materials on Namibia; (c) Production and translation of a comprehensive economic map on Namibia on a scale of 1:1,000,000, with the assistance of the Cartographic Unit of the United Nations Secretariat and FAO; (d) Preparation and translation of an indexed reference book on transnational corporations operating in Namibia; (e) Supervision of the production of a documentary film on Namibia; (f) Reproduction and dissemination of available films on Namibia. -176-

936. Within the framework of (a) and (b) above, the Office of the Commissioner undertook the distribution of some 90,000 copies in English and 30,000 copies in other languages of various United Nations and non-United Nations publications, including an information kit on Namibia. 937. The Office of the Commissioner prepared an up-to-date mailing list for the Namibia Bulletin and other materials for the dissemination of information on Namibia. H. Distribution of materials 938. In accordance with paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 38/36 D, the Council endeavoured to establish a regular and expeditious pattern of distribution of information material. Material distributed consisted of documentation, publicity material and films. In this regard, the Council appreciates the co-operation rendered by the Department of Public Information, the Department of Conference Services and the United Nations information centres that assisted the Secretariat of the Council in the distribution of materials. I. Other activities 939. The President of the Council attended and addressed the Inter-Regional Mass Media Leaders' Round-table on the Problems of Southern Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 26 to 28 March 1984, which was also attended by approximately 30 prominent media leaders. In his key-note address, the President commended the Namibian people on their struggle for independence. 940. The Department of Public Information, with the participation of non- governmental organizations, held a special commemorative meeting on 26 May 1984, to mark the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Namibia and all other Colonial Territories, as well as those in South Africa, Fighting for Freedom, Independence and Human Rights. On this occasion, United Nations films related to Namibia were screened in the Dag Hammarskj6ld Auditorium. 941. The 1984 Graduate Student Interne Programme organized by the Department of Public Information paid significant attention to United Nations activities concerning Namibia. The subject was also dealt with at a lecture series on racism and racial discrimination, the United Nations and the activities of transnational corporations in Namibia. 942. During the period under review, the Department held several briefings on developments in Namibia for non-governmental and other organizations, and distributed a variety of relevant materials on Namibia to the public. Furthermore, the Department included a short explanation of United Nations activities on Namibia in the one-hour tours given by guides at United Nations Headquarters. -177-

CHAPTER VIII UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR NAMIBIA A. Establishment of the Fund, general developments and sources of financing 1. Establishment of the Fund 943. By its resolution 2679 (XXV) of 9 December 1970 and 2872 (XXVI) of 20 December 1971, the General Assembly decided to establish a United Nations Fund for Namibia. Its decision was based on the consideration that, having terminated South Africa's mandate to administer the Territory and having itself assumed direct responsibility for Namibia until independence, the United Nations had incurred a solemn obligation to assist the people of the Territory in their struggle for independence and, to that end, should provide them with comprehensive assistance. 944. Since the Fund became operative in 1972, the programmes of assistance have been continuously expanded by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the United Nations Council for Namibia and the Security Council. In 1975, the Fund became the vehicle for financing the United Nations Institute for Namibia. A special account was approved by the Assembly under resolution 33/182 C of 21 December 1978 for financing the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, established pursuant to Assembly resolution 31/153 of 20 December 1976. The Fund is thus now composed of three separate accounts. (a) the General Account for educational, social and relief activities; (b) the Institute for Namibia Account; and (c) the Nationhood Programme Account. 945. Until 1973, the Council acted only in an advisory capacity to the Secretary- General as regards the administration and supervision of the Fund. On 12 December 1973 the General Assembly, by resolution 3112 (XXVIII), appointed the Council itself trustee of the Fund. The guidelines for the orientation, management and administration of the Fund were approved by the Assembly in its resolution 31/151 of 20 December 1976. 2. Sources of financing 946. It is the task of the Council, the Secretary-General and the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia to mobilize resources for the financing of the Fund. 947. Voluntary contributions are the major source of financing of the Fund. The General Assembly has appealed to Governments and their respective national organizations and institutions for voluntary contributions to the three accounts of the Fund. By its resolution 38/36 E, the Assembly requested the Secretary- General and the President of the Council to intensify appeals to Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals for generous voluntary contributions to the Fund. Furthermore, the Assembly called upon the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system to continue their participation in the Nationhood Programme, inter alia, by allocating funds from their own financial resources for the implementation of the projects approved by the Council. The Assembly also requested organizations of the United Nations system to waive agency support costs in respect of projects financed from the Fund. -178-

948. Since the Fund was established in 1970, the General Assembly has each year authorized as an interim measure an allocation from the regular budget to help implement the Fund's programmes. For 1984, the General Assembly decided, by resolution 38/36 E, to allocate $US 1 million from the regular budget. 949. UNDP finances assistance projects for Namibia and has for that purpose established an indicative planning figure for Namibia. In 1980, the Governing Council of UNDP set a figure of $US 7,750,000 for Namibia for the 1982-1986 indicative planning cycle, of which SUS 4,262,500, or 55 per cent, has been made available for programming. With an uncommitted balance of $US 3,637,500 from the 1977-1981 cycle, the total resources available for Namibia amount to $US 7,900,000. 950. The Vice-Chairman and Rapporteur and other representatives of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia as well as the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia carried out fund-raising activities during the period under review to ensure the financing of the activities of the Institute, the Nationhood Programme and other programmes financed by the Fund. 951. Through its three accounts, the Fund received the following income in 1983 and the first six months of 1984 (figures are in United States dollars): 1983 1984 January-June General Account 1 619274 1922893 United Nations Institute for Namibia Account 4 707 001 3 169 242 Nationhood Programme Account 1 376 936 812 430 Total 7 703 211 5 904 565 952. The pledges and contributions to the Fund for 1983 and the first six months of 1984 are shown in tables 1 and 2 below. Table 1 United Nations Fund for Namibia: pledges and contributions for 1983 (US dollars) Institute for Nationhood Programme General Account Namibia Account Account Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Afghanistan - 500 Algeria 10 000 10 000 - Argentina 5 000 7 300 Australia 69 258 69 258 - Austria 16 700 16 700 Bahamas 1 000 1 000 Bangladesh 15000 15000 Barbados 500 500 - Brazil 5 000 - 10 000 - 10 000 Canada 162602 158473 -179-

Table 1 (continued) General Account Pledges Collections Institute for Namibia Account Pledges Collections Nationhood Programme Nationhood Programme Account Pledges Collections Chile China Cyprus Denmark Egypt Finland France Germany, Federal Republic of Ghana Greece Haiti Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Ireland Italy Japan Kuwait Liberia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Panama Philippines Republic of Korea Saudi Arabia Sweden Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey United States of America Venezuela Yugoslavia Z imbab Tie Total1 1 300 1 300 30 000 30 000 203 182 55 679 44 118 2 200 4 500 200030004000 4 000 6 859 10 000 10003000500180357327820000 3 000 1 000 25 000 1 493 1 500 55 679 17 319 2 200 4 500 200010004000 4 000 5 741 10 000 100030005001 66 547 3 278 3 000 1 000 25 000 1 493 20 000 b 2 000 2 000 10000 1000039060 39060 486006 438058 422 2 348 (21 203 527 857 897 226) 66 667 220055001000 2 000 6 859 8 571 210 000 71 429 20 000 352 113 1 000 540 540 1 000 990 000 1 000 3 268 691 64705220055001000 2 000 5 741 8 629 210 000 125 085 b/ 315 516 1 000 486 145 1 000 5 000 b/ 203 182 65934 6405910000 10000408998 379081 (1 000)A/ 1 000 6 859 5 741 20000281690 251738 865 000 1 000 3 122 848 804684 711801 A/ Adjustments to pledges from earlier years. b/ Includes payment of pledges from earlier years. -180-

Table 2 United Nations Fund for Namibia: pledges and contributions as of 30 June 1984 (US dollars) Institute for Nationhood Programme General Account Namibia Account Account Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Afghanistan Australia 64 Austria 15 Bangladesh 15 Barbados Cameroon 2 Canada China 30 Cyprus Egypt 2 Finland 62 France 42 Germany, Federal Republic of Greece 4 Guyana 16 Iceland 2 India 1 Indonesia 4 Ireland 6 Italy 31 Japan 10 Mexico 5 Netherlands 50 New Zealand 3 Nigeria 7 Norway Pakistan 3 Panama 1 Philippines Republic of Korea Swaziland Sweden 387 Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Turkey I United States of America 815 500 000 500 519 000 175 921 002 593 5oo 000 000 000 000 267 250 000 000 847 321 000 000 000 500 820 097 500 65 219 15 500 2 519 30 000 62 002 16000200020004000 6 069 5 000 50 847 3 321 3 000 1 000 161 290 175 1 704 177 148 99 383 75 680 5 500 a/ 2 000 6 267 210 000 101 695 b/ 3 000 316 667 b/ 153 363 177 148 75 680 2 000 a/ 6 069 101 695 311 148 175 442 870 1 000 6 267 10 000 266 667 442 870 2 000/ 6 069 256 115 500 5 000 777 - 641 329b/ - 1 000 500 801 1 000 1 493 a/ 4 336 a/ 500 000 123 712 A/ -181-

Table 2 (continued) Institute for Nationhood Programme General Account Namibia Account Account Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Pledges Collections Yugoslavia 5 000 - Zimbabwe 48 077 - Total 824204 275083 2308838 1452616 726979 707054 a/ Includes collections for pledges from earlier years. bl/ Includes contributions for the Namibian Extension Unit. 3. Main areas of assistance 953. Within its overall terms of reference, the Fund's activities were streamlined in 1978 and 1979 and are now concentrated in three main programmes: (a) the Nationhood Programme; (b) the United Nations Institute for Namibia; and (c) educational, social and relief assistance. 954. The Nationhood Programme was launched by the General Assembly to mobilize the specialized agencies and other organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to provide assistance in support of the nationhood of Namibia in the form of a consolidated and comprehensive assistance programme. 955. The Institute was established by the Council with the endorsement of the General Assembly, as a specific institution to undertake research, training, planning and related activities with special reference to the struggle for freedom and the establishment of an independent State of Namibia. 956. While the two above-mentioned programmes have been set up with particular reference to the future attainment of independence, the establishment of State machinery and the assumption of administrative responsibilities by Namibians, the third programme, the educational, social and relief assistance, in addition to providing individual scholarships, gives particular emphasis to the immediate, present-day needs and welfare of Namibians in the struggle for independence. Assistance in this area is administered, to the extent possible, through individual projects. 957. Expenditures from the Fund on behalf of the three programmes in 1983 and during the first six months of 1984 were as follows (figures are in United States dollars): 1983 Nationhood Programme United Nations Institute for Namibia Educational, social and relief assistance Total 2 143 192 4 310 471 2 332 769 8 786 432 1984 January-June 314 864 1 760,039 811 694 1 886 597 -182-

B. Nationhood Programme for Namibia 1. Launching of the Programme 958. By its resolution 31/153, the General Assembly decided to launch, in support of the nationhood of Namibia, a comprehensive assistance programme within the United Nations system covering the present period of struggle for independence and the initial years of independence. By the same resolution, the Assembly called upon the Council to elaborate, in consultation with SWAPO, the guidelines and policies for such a programme and to direct and co-ordinate its implementation. 959. The projects of the Nationhood Programme fall into three broad categories: pre-independence projects; transitional projects; and post-independence projects. At the present time, the Nationhood Programme consists of two major components: manpower training programmes for Namibiansl and surveys and analyses of the Namibian economic and social sectors, including identification of development tasks and policy options under the following sectoral framework: (a) Productive sectors, including mining, industries, fisheries and agriculture; (b) Physical infrastructure and services, including trade, transport and communications, energy and water and land resources; (c) Social infrastructure and administration, including labour, education, information, health, nutrition and social services, housing, building and land use planning, economic planning, public administration and the judicial system. 960. In designing the projects, careful consideration is given to the special conditions under which the Nationhood Programme is being implemented during the present period of struggle for independence. Assistance to a country which is still under colonial domination and for which the United Nations has assumed direct responsibility requires a somewhat different approach from that of conventional technical assistance to independent countries. Implementation of the projects is made difficult by the general unavailability of reliable socio-economic data on Namibia. It is further complicated by the lack of access to the Territory owing to the continuing illegal South African occupation. The training aspects of the projects require special attention because of the scarcity of educational opportunities for Namibians under South African rule. 2. Implementation of the Programme 961. In March 1984, the Council called upon the Office of the Commissioner to prepare, in consultation with SWAPO, proposals for the further development of the Nationhood Programme and, as a first step, to submit an analysis of the present phase of the Nationhood Programme with a view to identifying gaps by sector and activity. A preliminary analysis shows that the majority of the projects initiated in 1979 as a first phase of the Programme are nearing completion and a comprehensive plan is needed for the next phase of the Programme. Fellowships and group training opportunities in the economic and social fields have been made available to approximately 900 Namibians and accounts for 85 per cent of the financial resources of the Programme. Namibians have also undertaken group training activities as participants in seminars and short courses held in Zambia and other African countries. With regard to research, the number of international consultants and -183- experts employed by the various executing agencies in the pre-independence phase of the Programme is expected to exceed 68 for a total of more than 480 man-months. Training programmes 962. During 1983 and the first half of 1984, Namibians undertook training courses at various institutions in a number of countries. Several new training activities were initiated during this period, including a remedial training programme for a group of 34 students in Zambia and a group of approximately 100 trainees at the United Nations Vocational Training Centre for Namibia (see para. 966). A fifth group of students commenced training in the administration of public enterprises and others commenced a course in English language and administrative skills, as well as in fisheries management and fish processing. A third group commenced training in the field of labour administration. Students have also started work in the fields of electricity supply, water supply, pilot training, nursing, shoemaking and leatherwork and a second group of Namibians commenced the teacher education programme at the United Nations Institute for Namibia. 963. In-service training commenced in the fields of truck maintenance, mining and railways operations and labour administration and a group of disabled Namibians commenced six-month training courses in various technical fields. 964. During the period under review, training continued in such fields as geology and mining, including pre-engineering studies. Training also continued in the fields of maritime economics and management, aircraft maintenance, pilot training, air traffic control and aeronautical information services, as well as in the field of development planning. 965. In addition, in-service training continued in areas such as statistics, mining and land use for agriculture. 966. Early in August 1983, the United Nations vocational Training Centre for Namibia became operational when 100 students were enrolled in full-time vocational training courses. Because of the situation in the area where the Centre is located, however, training activities under the supervision of the internationally recruited personnel could not be maintained at the level envisaged. At the fifth meeting of the Governing Board of the Centre, which was held in Angola in May 1984, measures were taken with a view to ensuring continuous adequate staffing, and it was expected that the second group of 100 students would be enrolled in August 1984. 967. During 1983 and the first half of 1984, students completed training in agricultural economics, basic statistics and the administration of public enterprises, while other students completed in-service training in truck maintenance and in cartography and map preparation. 968. Since the inception of the Programme, students have completed training, including group training and in-service training, in the fields of industrial development, land use and human settlements development, food distribution, labour administration and legislation, transnational corporations, development planning, radio programme production, public enterprises management, rural development, soil survey techniques, land evaluation and immigration procedures. Students have also completed training in railway operations and attended seminars on cargo handling and port management. Namibian women, in addition to inclusion in the above-mentioned projects, have undertaken writing and journalism courses, as well as study tours to various African countries. The United Nations Institute for Namibia continues to be a major source of candidates for training. -184-

969. Other students are being selected and prepared for future training in areas such as the transport sector, financial management, diplomacy and skills development training. Efforts are continuing to provide in-service training for students who have completed their studies in some of the above areas. Sectoral surveys and analyses 970. All of the surveys and analyses envisaged since the inception of the Nationhood Programme have either been completed or were expected to be completed by the end of 1984. Final reports on transport, health, land use and human settlements development, labour legislation and transnational corporations have already been distributed to the Council. The draft report on mineral resources and mining has been utilized by the Institute as background material for its own research activities. The reports on civil aviation, telecommunications and a draft harbour survey, which includes a training plan in the maritime sector, have been finalized and await distribution. Draft reports on agrarian reform, land suitability, protection of food supplies, agricultural education, public administration systems, the criminal justice system and energy supply have been prepared and await further discussion. 971. The sectoral surveys and analyses, including policy options and training plans, represent about 15 per cent of expenditure under the Nationhood Programme. All sectors have been covered to some extent, with the exception of trade and information. Almost 30 per cent of the total financial input for research was allocated to projects in economic planning, public administration and the judicial system. Between 10 and 15 per cent of resources were allocated to projects in the following sectors: health, nutrition and social services; water and land resources; transport and communications; and fisheries. From 0.04 to 8 per cent of resources was allocated to the remainder of the sectors for six projects dealing with mining and industries; agriculture, livestock, forestry and wildlife; energy; labour; education; and housing, building and land use planning. The comprehensive study discussed in paragraphs 989 and 1041 will fill in the sectoral gaps such as trade and information. 3. Administration and management 972. The Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia, within its overall terms of reference, formulates and reviews policies related to the Nationhood Programme, reviews the reports of the Commissioner and makes appropriate recommendations to the Council on all matters relating to the Programme. The Office of the Commissioner serves as the co-ordinating authority for the Nationhood Programme under the direction of the Committee on the Fund. 973. At its 369th meeting, on 16 December 1981, the Council decided to streamline the administration of the Programme by authorizing the Committee to approve new projects under the Nationhood Programme and the General Account of the Fund and to approve project revisions, unless the Committee decided to refer the decisions to the Council (see A/AC.131/L.243). 974. The administration of the Nationhood Programme follows the standard model for technical assistance based on the concept of partnership between the recipient Government, UNDP and an executing agency. In most cases, the projects are being executed by the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system which receive remittances for project execution through the Supplementary -185-

Trust Fund for the Nationhood Programme of the Fund for Namibia which is administered by UNDP. The United Nations Institute for Namibia is the implementing agency, on behalf of the Council, for 10 projects, thus giving it a role similar to that of a government implementing agency in standard UNDP procedures. The Institute is also involved in the implementation of a number of other projects under the Programme. 975. Apart from its role as the co-ordinating authority for the Nationhood Programme, the Office of the Commissioner has to an increasing extent assumed direct responsibility for project execution in the case of projects for which specialized technical support of the United Nations agencies is not considered to be required. At present, the Commissioner's Office executes five such projects. 4. Financing 976. The total cost of the projects currently under way is as follows: Percentage Project costs Executing agencies support costs 96.1 3.9 100.0 US dollars 11 492 163 464 207 11 956 370 977. The total cost of projects already completed is as follows: Percentage Project costs Executing agencies support costs 95.7 4.3 100.0 US dollars 3 857 420 172 930 4 030 350 978. Of the total cost of the projects in both categories, more than two thirds is covered by the Fund, about a fifth by UNDP and the remainder by the executing agencies, as indicated below: Percentage United Nations Fund for Namibia UNDP Executing agencies 72.4 20.2 7.4 100.0 US dollars 11 574 070 3 233 280 1 179 370 15 986 720 979. The cost of each project and the corresponding sources of financing are shown in table 3 below. -186- 000o M» c -4 44< 2N 40 , 41 4 4 ~>0 0r >44 rjFA 2 -4 uC 4 3: 4C ->5. 0-4.4 -4 1.>44.4141<411 .4(4 &o 4 w I 0m 0-4 4 N m' -4 00ooo1o0c,~o( o0o li l ýll ill 0c- o 0 C24 o400ý 04 (1 0 IN w4 -M 0 &n .0 -4 k44m In C4 (.4 4 0 44 4 to 4 0 '44 m 4<4 1 . 0 4J 0 4J~0.0<4N»4NJ1-1 Cl 10 >.0 -187- o 0,

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980. The total expenditure and remittance to executing agencies to cover the cost of Nationhood Programme projects were, respectively, SUS 2,143,192 and $US 621,070 in 1983 and $US 314,864 in the first six months of 1984. As indicated in tables 4 and 5 below, the total income of the Nationhood Programme Account was $US 1,376,936 in 1983 and $US 812,430 in the first six months of 1984. Table 4 United Nations Fund for Namibia! Nationhood Programme Account (US dollars) I. Income and expenditure for 1983 INCOME Pledged contributions Subventions Interest income Miscellaneous income 802 684 90 000 484 183 69 1 376 936 TOTAL INCOME EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs Travel Contractual services Operating expenses Acquisitions Fellowships, grants, other Programme support costs 444 148 26 826 565 174 61 747 230 325 691 668 123 304 2 143 192 (766 256) TOTAL EXPENDITURE NET EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE -191-

Table 4 (continued) II. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 31 December 1983 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Operating funds provided to executing agencies Due from United Nations General Fund TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Accounts payable Unliauidated obligations Reserve for allocations TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available 1 January 1983 Add: Transfers to reserves Add: Excess of income over expenditure Balance available 31 December 1983 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE 1 772 724 621 070 (766 256) 1 627 538 4 729 464 -192- 1 179 131 35 000 18 922 3 449 379 47 032 4 729 464 24 440 700 2 661 202 3 101 926

Table 5 United Nations Fund for Namibia: Nationhood Programme Account (US dollars) I. Income and expenditure for the six-month period ended 30 June 1984 INCOME Pledged contributions 726 979 Interest income 63 438 Miscellaneous income 22 013 TOTAL INCOME 812 430 EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs 44 695 Operating expenses 39 576 Acquisitions 27 854 Fellowships, grants, other 202 739 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 314 864 EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 497 566 ADJUSTMENTS FOR PRIOR PERIOD (272 619) NET EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 224 947 -193-

Table 5 (continued) II. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 30 June 1984 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Operating funds provided to executing agencies TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Accounts payable Unliauidated obligations Reserve for allocations Due to United Nations General Fund TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available 1 January 1984 Add: Excess of income over expenditure Add: Transfer from reserves Balance available 30 June 1984 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE -194- 1 421 968 46 175 32 438 3 316 832 4 817 413 24 286 072 2 388 741 17 631 2 692 468 1 627 538 224 947 272 460 2 124 945 4 817 413

C. United Nations Institute for Namibia 981. The Institute came into operation in 1976. Admission to the Institute is open to all persons of Namibian origin who fulfil the reouirements established by the Senate of the Institute. Through its activities, the Institute trains middle-level skilled manpower for an independent Namibia and it also carries out applied research in the various sectors of the Namibian economy. 982. The Institute is administered by a Senate. The Senate, which at present consists of 16 members, submits annual reports to the Council. The Institute operates on an average annual budget of $US 4 million. The budget estimates of the Institute, approved by the Senate, are endorsed annually by the Council subject to the availability of financial resources. 983. In accordance with article 8 of its Charter, 183/ the Institute is financed by the Council through the Fund, with the account of the Institute being maintained separately. Further financial assistance for the Institute is also provided by allocations from the UNDP indicative planning figure for Namibia and by UNHCR. 984. The Commissioner undertakes periodic fund-raising missions for the Institute to ensure adeauate financial resources for the implementation of its programme of work. During the period under review, the response of Member States and other donors in making voluntary contributions to finance the Institute was encouraging. At the same time the programmes and activities of the Institute have continued to expand. 985. In 1984, 183 new students were admitted into various programmes of the Institute. The new enrolment together with the continuing students brought the total student body of the Institute to 457. The curriculum of the Institute has been expanded to include a teacher-training upgrading programme, a special programme for magistrates, a secretarial programme and special preparatory courses in the English language, statistics and mathematics in view of the urgent need to train Namibians in those areas. 986. In March 1984, the fifth group, comprising 92 students, graduated from the Institute with diplomas in management and development studies, thus bringing the total number of Institute graduates to 374. The Institute's diploma is underwritten by the University of Zambia. A group of 44 students graduated from the secretarial course and a new group of 47 students has been admitted to the programme. 987. The Institute continues to undertake applied research in various fields. The research programme is intended to make available basic documentation for policy formulation by the future Government of an independent Namibia. A number of studies have been completed and published in the fields of manpower requirements and development implications, constitutional options, agrarian reform, a language policy for Namibia, a new legal system for an independent Namibia, agricultural economics and a health survey of Namibia. Studies are also under way or nearing completion in the various fields including development strategy options, mining industry, administrative system, mass participation, trade policy options, monetary policy options, wages and income policy options, caracul industry and others. 988. During the period under review, the Institute made substantial progress in the preparation of a Handbook on Namibia covering various aspects of the Question of Namibia as considered by the United Nations since its inception, in accordance with -195- the outline prepared by the Council. It was expected that the draft of the Handbook would be completed by the fourth quarter of 1984. 989. By resolution 37/233 E, the General Assembly requested the Institute to prepare, in co-operation with SWAPO, the Office of the Commissioner and UNDP, a comprehensive study on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia. Inter-agency Advisory Committee meetings were held in November 1983 and June 1984 to discuss the details of the study and the work carried out by the various consultants and specialized agencies as well as other organizations. It was reported that the study was progressing well and was expected to be concluded by the fourth quarter of 1984. 990. The Namibian Extension Unit, established by the Institute to administer a distance education programme for Namibians whose access to formal education is limited, came into operation in November 1981. It currently serves some 40,000 Namibian adults and youths in Zambia and Angola. 991. The Unit is an autonomous body within the Institute and has its own Board of Project Management, of which the Director of the Institute is Chairman. The Commissioner is also represented on the Board. The Institute administers the Unit's funds in accordance with United Nations financial regulations. The Unit submits an annual report to the Senate of the Institute. 992. The total expenditure of the Institute was SUS 4,310,471 in 1983 and SUS 1,760,039 in the first six months of 1984. At the same time, the total income (from various sources) of the Institute for Namibia Account within the United Nations Fund for Namibia was $US 4,707,001 in 1983 and $US 3,169,242 in the first six months of 1984. Detailed information on the Institute for Namibia Account is given in tables 6 and 7 below. -196-

Table 6 United Nations Fund for Namibia: United Nations Institute for Namibia Account (US dollars) I. Income and expenditure for 1983 I NCOME Pledged contributions Public donations Subventions Interest income Miscellaneous income TOTAL INCOME EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs Travel Contractual services Operating expenses Acquisitions Fellowships, grants, other TOTAL EXPENDITURE NET EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 3 226 239 180 249 1 011 899 62 195 226 419 4 707 001 2 436 804 157 810 94 129 397 569 48 494 1 175 665 4 310 471 396 530 -197-

Table 6 (continued) II. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 31 December 1983 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Deferred charges and other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Accounts payable Unliquidated obligations Due to United Nations General Fund TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available 1 January 1983 Add: Excess of income over expenditure Balance available 31 December 1983 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE -198- 657 462 170 194 133 856 129 518 1 091 030 35 312 513 460 25 942 574 714 119 786 396 530 516 316 1 091 030

Table 7 United Nations Fund for Namibia: United Nations Institute for Namibia Account (US dollars) I. Income and expenditure for the Six-month period ended 30 June 1984 INCOME Pledged contributions Public donations Subventions Interest income Miscellaneous income TOTAL INCOME EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs Travel Contractual services Operating expenses Acquisitions Fellowships, grants, other TOTAL EXPENDITURE EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 2 308 838 135 089 685 292 31 237 8 786 3 169 242 1 028 077 30 124 4 318 181 421 18 014 498 085 1 760 039 1 409 203 -199-

Table 7 (continued) II. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 30 June 1984 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Deferred charges and other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Accounts payable Unliouidated obligations Due to United Nations General Fund TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available I January 1984 Add; Excess of income over expenditure Balance available 30 June 1984 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE -200- 1 524 429 1 002 276 131 781 105 833 2 764 319 53 401 445 174 8 747 507 322 516 316 1 409 203 1 925 519 2 432 841

D. Educational, social and relief assistance 993. Educational, social and relief assistance is administered by the Commissioner's Office. The main activity in this category is the Namibian scholarship programme, which provides educational assistance to Namibians. The General Account of the Fund is also used to finance vocational and technical training; to provide assistance in the fields of health and medical care, nutrition and social welfare; to acquire books and periodicals for Namibian refugee camps and SWAPO offices; and to facilitate the attendance of Namibian representatives at international seminars, meetings and conferences. 1. Scholarship programme 994. During the period from 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1984, 51 new awards were approved and 52 students completed their courses. Taking into account the new awards as well as those still active from previous periods, 124 awards were being used as of 1 July 1984. The various fields of study in 11 countries were as follows: Country Algeria Botswana Field of study Secondary education No. of students 1 Business administration and commerce Congo Germany, Federal Republic of Romania Senegal Sweden Business administration Mechanical engineering Agriculture, medicine, journalism, science and electrical engineering Primary education Education United Kingdom United States Zambia Zimbabwe Education, political science, social science, chemistry, developmental studies, telecommunications and primary and secondary education Liberal arts, education, biology, political science, history, pharmacy, architecture, medical technology, communications, computer science, business administration, electrical engineering, marketing, sociology, polymer science/plastic engineering, mineral engineering, economics, medicine, nursing, chemistry, health science and industrial education Primary, secondary and vocational education Social work -201- 995. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 37/233, a consultant was engaged in 1983 to evaluate the Scholarship Programme under the General Account. The consultant, after a survey mission to Africa to consult with educational institutions and African Governments, submitted a comprehensive report which contains recommendations in respect of placement, educational institutions, counselling and employment opportunities for students who had completed their studies. These recommendations were being evaluated and a report was expected to be submitted to the Council in 1984. 2. Training projects 996. As reauested by the Committee on the Fund, all new training activities under the Fund are constituted as projects. During the period under review, 11 projects were financed by the General Account. In addition, the Committee agreed to make the required additional funds available for a revision of the completed project in law enforcement training. New projects were approved to provide training for 10 Namibians in diploma and degree courses in Guyana; a two-month preparatory programme offered a group of 12 Namibians the opportunity to undertake further studies in Yugoslavia; new phases of training commenced in areas such as radio broadcasting, cinematography and video techniques, and two Namibians commenced a new in-service training programme in Zambia specializing in soil survey techniques. In addition, a new project was approved for clerical and transport services to support the assistance programmes of the Council. 997. Training continued in the fields of journalism and communications with one student in Zambia, two in Romania and one in the United Kingdom. During the period under review a specially designed project provided individual scholarships for 28 graduates of the Institute. 998. Training was completed by 37 Namibians in radio broadcasting, 96 students completed vocational training in Denmark and 20 others completed work in the first phase of training in cinematography and video techniques. 3. Social and relief assistance 999. The Fund also provides medical care, social services and relief aid to Namibians. During the period under review, assistance was provided to 22 individual Namibians in need of emergency medical treatment and other forms of humanitarian assistance. 4. Emergency assistance 1000. The sum of $US 100,000 was made available from the Fund for emergency assistance to be allocated by the Commissioner. The field offices of the Commissioner's Office were given $US 5,000 each from these emergency funds as an imprest to be used in accordance with the approved guidelines for the funds. In addition, a contribution of $US 10,000 was made to the OAU Bureau for the Placement and Education of African Refugees in support of its programmes to aid African refugees, including Namibians. A further $US 2,100 was used to defray the travel expenses of 16 SWAPO officials in connection with the SWAPO Women's Central Committee Meeting; $US 7,500 was used to underwrite the travel of five SWAPO teachers to Havana to join the teaching staff of schools for Cassinga survivors and $US 1,318 was used to finance the shipment of clothes to Namibians in refugee camps in Angola. -202-

5. Books and periodicals 1001. Subscriptions to various publications on Namibia and southern Africa as well as books and library materials were made available to Namibian refugee camps and to SWAPO offices. 6. Representation 1002. Funds were provided to facilitate the attendance of 21 Namibians at 10 international seminars and conferences. 7. Financing 1003. Expenditures on educational, social and relief assistance amounted to $US 2,332,769 in 1983 and to $US 812,254 during the first six months of 1984. The total income of the General Account of the Fund was SUS 1,619,274 in 1983 and $US 1,922,893 during the first six months of 1984. Detailed information on the General Account is presented in tables 8 and 9 below. Table 8 United Nations Fund for Namibias General Account (US dollars) I. Income and expenditure for 1983 INCOME Pledged contributions Public donations Subventions Interest income TOTAL INCOME EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs Travel Operating expenses Acquisitions Fellowships, grants, other TOTAL EXPENDITURE EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 471 006 667 1 000 000 147 601 1 619 274 199 834 35 780 106 792 278 939 1 711 424 2 332 769 (713 495) -203-

Table 0 (continued) II. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 31 December 1983 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Operating funds provided to executing agencies Deferred charges and other assets 1 567 675 114 351 89 460 492 873 282 627 2 546 986 TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Accounts payable Unliquidated obligations Due to United Nations General Fund Deferred income TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available 1 January 1983 Adds Transfer from reserves Adds Net excess of income over expenditure Balance available 31 December 1983 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE 282 627 1 484 979 51 695 68 815 1 888 116 962 226 410 139 (713 495) 658 870 2 546 986 -204-

Table 9 United Nations Fund for Namiblas General Account (US dollars) 1. income and exenditure for the six-month period ended 30 June 1984 INCOME Pledged contributions Public donations Subventions Interest income Miscellaneous income 824 204 11 1 000 000 73 032 25 646 1 922 893 TOTAL INCOME EXPENDITURE Staff and other personnel costs Travel Contractual services Operating expenses Acquisitions Fellowships, grants, other TOTAL EXPENDITURE EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE 83 833 34 941 102 29 503 18 944 644 931 812 254 1 110 639 -205-

Table 9 (continued) I. Statement of assets and liabilities as at 30 June 1984 ASSETS Cash Pledged contributions unpaid Accounts receivable Operating funds provided to executing agencies 2 305 165 597 656 104 983 512 841 3 520 645 TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES Unliquidated obligations Reserve for allocations Due to United Nations General Account TOTAL LIABILITIES FUND BALANCE Balance available 1 January 1984 Adds Excess of income over expenditure Lesst Transfer to reserves Balance available 30 June 1984 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE 658 870 1 110 639 1 769 509 (232 114) 1 537 395 3 520 645 -206- 1 727 094 232 114 24 042 1 983 250

E. Fund-raising missions 1004. Several fund-raising missions were undertaken during the period under review. Members of the Committee on the Fund and the Commissioner visited the Nordic countries and Western Europe. In addition, the Commissioner visited Canada and Japan. 1005. The missions visited Canada on 27 September 1983; Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden from 11 to 18 April 1984; Japan on 28 and 29 May 1984; and Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, EEC, Italy and France from 13 to 22 June 1984. 1006. In all the countries visited, the missions were received at a high political level. This provided a valuable opportunity to remind the Governments concerned of the pressing needs of the Namibian people and to clarify some important technical points. 1007. In their discussions with representatives of the various Governments and of EEC, the missions explained the origin and purposes of the Fund and described the various projects and activities being financed by the three accounts of which it was composed, as well as the financial status of the accounts. It also reviewed the priority projects for which new contributions were being sought. 1008. The Governments visited were unanimous in their recognition of the need to prepare the Namibian people for independence. They expressed their continuing support for the Council's assistance programmes, emphasizing the need for continuity and co-ordination of assistance activities. The Governments further stressed the importance to the donor countries of thorough project evaluation. 1009. The government delegations expressed their appreciation for the regular contacts and consultations on the activities of the Fund and for the opportunity to receive updated information on plans for future assistance, which would help determine their level of contribution. They emphasized that such visits were particularly useful because they offered an opportunity for a thorough exchange of views and information on many aspects of the Namibian situation. -207-

CHAPTER IX ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSIONER FOR NAMIBIA A. General 1010. By resolution 2248 (S-V), the General Assembly decided that the Council should entrust such executive and administrative tasks as it deemed necessary to the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia. The Assembly further decided that in the performance of his tasks, the Commissioner should be responsible to the Council. 1011. The programme of work of the Council, defined by General Assembly resolution 38/36 C, forms the basis and framework for the activities carried out by the Office of the Commissioner under the authority of the Council. (The Council's programme of work has been further elaborated in the proposed medium-term plan for the period 1984-1989.) 184/ 1012. During the period under review, the Commissioner, acting through his offices at Headquarters, Gaborone, Luanda and Lusaka, was involved in the protection of Namibian interests principally by means of the travel documents programme and by attempts to implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia; 2/ was engaged in the provision of assistance to Namibians by means of the United Nations Fund for Namibia; and mobilized international support for the cause of the Namibian people by means of a programme of dissemination of information. The offices of the Commissioner also issued 1,472 new and renewed travel and identity documents in Africa, 29 in North America and 16 in Western Europe. 1013. The Office of the Commissioner also continued to collect and analyse information relating to Namibia and closely followed internal, political, economic and legal developments in South Africa concerning Namibia. 1014. The Office of the Commissioner continued to provide services to the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia. A staff member of the Office of the Commissioner served as Secretary of the Committee. B. Assistance to Namibians 1015. The Office of the Commissioner administers the assistance programmes under the United Nations Fund for Namibia. The Fund, as described earlier, has three major components: (a) educational, social and relief activities; (b) the Nationhood Programme for Namibia; and (c) the United Nations Institute for Namibia. The substantive activities of the Fund have been described in the preceding chapter. The present section deals with the arrangements by which the Office of the Commissioner administers the various programmes under the Fund. 1. Educational, social and relief assistance 1016. During the period under review, the Office of the Commissioner continued to co-ordinate and manage, in accordance with the approved guidelines for the administration of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, programmes of educational, social and relief assistance for Namibians. At the present time, the Office of the -208-

Commissioner executes 11 projects. This includes project identification, preparation, implementation and evaluation. The Office of the Commissioner prepares project proposals for consideration by the Committee on the Fund and reports semi-annually to the Committee on the activities financed from the General Account of the Fund. A detailed report on these activities is included in paragraphs 993 to 1003. 1017. Arrangements have been made for the Office of the Commissioner to administer the scholarship programme under the Fund (see paras. 993 and 994). 2. Nationhood Programme for Namibia 1018. In its capacity as the co-ordinating authority for the implementation of the Nationhood Programme, the Commissioner's Office has established and consolidated a framework of close and continuous working relations with SWAPO, the United Nations Institute for Namibia, OAU, UNDP and the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system. 1019. The Office of the Commissioner and SWAPO held review meetings on a regular basis in order to ensure effective planning, co-ordination and resource utilization. At these meetings, ongoing assistance activities are reviewed and available funds are earmarked for ew priority activities. Review meetings took place on 18 and 19 August 1983 in New York and on 9 and 10 April 1984 at Lusaka. 1020. Following review meetings, the Commissioner reports to the Committee on the Fund on the proposed resource allocation in order to facilitate planning by the Committee. 1021. In accordance with decisions of the Council, the Commissioner has maintained consultations with UNDP concerning the administration of the Nationhood Programme through an arrangement reached in 1979 between UNDP and the Office of the Commissioner on the administration of the projects. According to the agreed guidelines, the transmission of funds from the United Nations Fund for Namibia to the executing agencies is effected by means of a UNDP Supplementary Trust Fund for the Nationhood Programme of the Fund for Namibia established on 20 April 1979 by the Controller of the United Nations and delegated to the Administrator of UNDP. UNDP makes allocations and remittances to the executing agencies from this Fund to meet the project expenditures and reports on these to the Office of the Commissioner. 1022. At its thirtieth session held in June 1983, the Governing Council of UNDP requested the Administrator and the executing agencies to treat contributions from the Fund as government cash counterpart contributions for which support costs were charged at only 3.5 per cent instead of the normal 13 per cent. During subsequent consultations between UNDP and the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, the conclusion was reached that it was not unreasonable to regard as government cash counterpart contributions those project costs which were incurred at the location of the project itself and which, except for the fact that the recipient Government was not the Government of the locality, could under normal UNDP procedures be financed by government cash counterpart contributions. Hence support costs for that type of expenditure could be charged at the established rate of 3.5 per cent. 1023. At the present stage of implementation of the Nationhood Programme, one of the major tasks undertaken in the project cycle is the evaluation of selected projects to ensure that the objectives of the project are being met. -209-

1024. During the period under review, members of the Commissioner's Office conducted consultations regarding the implementation and evaluation of the Nationhood Programme with SWAPO, the United Nations Institute for Namibia and specialized agencies of the United Nations system. Further consultations were held with authorities of the institutions where Namibians are undergoing training1025. The activities of the Nationhood Programme have continued to expand. Many consultants have been recruited and are working on or have completed their work on various sectoral survey projects, and trainees continue to be selected to benefit from the fellowships provided under the Programme. The consultants have been chosen for the remaining survey projects under the Programme and only a few fellowships remain to be assigned. 1026. Pursuant to paragraph 17 of General Assembly resolution 37/233 E, the Commissioner's Office engaged two consultants to carry out preparatory work on a comprehensive document on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia. The Commissioner's Office was represented at the inter-agency meeting held by the Institute in May 1983 in order to draw up a project document for the exercise. 3. United Nations Institute for Namibia 1027. The Office of the Commissioner is not directly involved in the administration of the Institute; however, it provides assistance to the Institute through its fund-raising activities and by serving in an advisory capacity as requested. The Commissioner is a member of the Senate of the Institute. 1028. During the period under review, in addition to fund-raising missions, the Office of the Commissioner maintained regular contacts with Member States through their permanent missions to the United Nations, as well as non- governmental organizations and other organizations, in order to ensure the financing of the activities under the Fund (see paras. 1004-1009). C. Implementation of Decree No. I for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia 1. Symposia and other activities 1029. The Council has undertaken a number of activities with a view to securing implementation of its Decree. During the period under review, the Commissioner participated in: (a) The Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Jos5 from 16 to 19 August 19831 (b) The Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984. 1030. The findings of these symposia indicate that transnational corporations from certain Western and other countries continue to exploit the natural resources of Namibia in violation of the Decree and the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations. -210-

1031. During the period under review, the Office of the Commissioner arranged briefings on the Decree for various non-governmental organizations and educational institutions. 1032. In March 1984, a representative of the Commissioner addressed the students of John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York on the question of Namibia and the implementation of the Decree. 1033. Representatives of the Commissioner were also appointed to address meetings at other educational institutions on the subject. 2. Studies regardin! implementation of the Decree 1034. The Council has also commissioned or prepared through the Office of the Commissioner reports and studies related to or in furtherance of the implementation of the Decree. 1035. The Commissioner's Office has engaged seven practising lawyers to prepare reports on the feasibility of instituting legal proceedings in domestic courts against firms or individuals engaged in trade in Namibian products in violation of the Decree in Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. 1036. The Commissioner's Office has received preliminary reports from lawyers in Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands, and final reports from Belgium, the United Kingdom and the United States. The lawyer in France has also sent a short memorandum. 1037. The Office of the Commissioner will be reporting to the Council on the findings of the lawyers in due course. 3. Mission to Western Europe 1038. The Council sent a Mission of Consultation from 24 April to 11 may 1984 to France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom to seek legal advice from lawyers on the possibilities of instituting legal proceedings in the domestic courts to ensure compliance with the provisions of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. A representative of the Commissioner's Office was included in that mission to assist it in its work. D. Studies 1039. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 37/233 E, the Office of the Commissioner is preparing a reference book on transnational corporations operating or investing in Namibia. The purpose of the study is to identify the commercial and investment practices of foreign companies in Namibia and the extent of their exploitation of Namibian resources. The study is being conducted in three parts (Western Europe, North America and South Africa); the drafts are currently being edited and the book is due for publication by the end of 1984. 1040. In accordance with the same resolution, as well as the recommendations put forward at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian -211-

People for Independence, the Office has been conductinq a study on assistance to the front-line States. In this regard, the Office arranged missions to visit seven countries in southern Africa, namely, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, durinq October 1983 and January 1984, in order to assemble data and consult with the Governments concerned on the problems being experienced. In their reports, the missions have sought to identify the development difficulties of those countries and the magnitude of assistance required as a consequence of the acts of military aggression and economic destabilization by South Africa. They have made recommendations on the appropriate action in terms of technical and financial assistance by the international community to the countries of the region. 1041. By its resolution 37/233 E, the General Assembly requested the United Nations Institute for Namibia to prepare, in co-operation with SWAPO, the Office of the Commissioner and UNDP, a comprehensive document on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia. The Secretary-General was requested to provide substantive support through the Office of the Commissioner for the preparation of the study. Accordingly, the Office of the Commissioner prepared a project which provided funding for the study under the United Nations Fund for Namibia. The Council's Committee on the Fund approved the project (NAM/83/004) entitled "Namibia: Perspectives for National Reconstruction and Development". The final report was expected to be completed by August 1985. 1042. In accordance with paragraph 18 of resolution 37/233 E, the Office of the Commissioner carried out a demographic study of the Namibian population. The purpose of the study was to analyse the demographic structure and socio- economic characteristics of the Namibian population, and to make size estimates and growth projections as the basis for the Council's assistance to Namibia. The work was completed in May 1984 and the draft will be submitted to the Council for its consideration. 1043. By its resolution 35/22 H, the General Assembly requested that a comprehensive economic map of Namibia be prepared. The map is being prepared by the United Nations Cartographic Unit with data inputs being provided by FAO. The Office of the Commissioner has prepared project documents to provide the necessary funding for the preparation of the map. The map is expected to be completed and published in the fourth quarter of 1984. 1044. In accordance with its continuing mandate to review the legal situation in Namibia, the Office of the Commissioner prepared a review of "legislation" promulgated by the illegal administration in Namibia during 1983, for the attention of Council members; a booklet on labour legislation and labour conditions in Namibia, for use in the programme of dissemination of information; and a draft booklet on attempts by the illegal administration in Namibia to devise new "constitutions" in the period 1968-1983, for possible inclusion in the dissemination programme. E. Participation in international conferences and meetings 1045. During the period under review, the Commissioner participated in a number of international conferences and meetings. 1046. The Commissioner has held consultations with Governments of the front- line States, visiting for this purpose Angola, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia -212- and Zimbabwe. The Commissioner also held consultations with the Governments of Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 1047. The Commissioner and his staff held meetings with the SWAPO Co- ordinating Committee on the Nationhood Programme in New York in August 1983 and again at Lusaka in April 1984 to review the various projects and programmes of assistance for Namibians. The Commissioner held a number of meetings with the President and other leaders of SWAPO. 1048. As mentioned in paragraph 1027, the Commissioner is a member of the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia. He or his representative took part in the 17th meeting of the Senate held in New York in November 1983, and the 3rd extraordinary meeting of the Senate held at Lusaka in June 1984. The Commissioner also attended a graduation ceremony of the Institute in March 1984. 1049. The Commissioner is also a member of the Governing Board of the United Nations Vocational Training Centre for Namibia. He or his representative participated in the five Governing Board meetings convened thus far, the most recent one having been held at Luanda on 15 and 16 May 1984. 1050. The Commissioner or his representative participated in the thirty-first session of the UNDP Governing Council, and the 34th meeting of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1051. The Commissioner attended the Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination which was held at Geneva in August 1983; a seminar on Namibia organized at Ottawa by the United Nations Association of Canada in September 1983; the African-American Conference at Aspen Institute in Queenstown, Maryland, in October 1983; a special meeting of the Greater London Council to adopt a declaration establishing London as an apartheid-free area; a Mass Media Round-table for Asian Journalists organized jointly by the Department of Public Information and the Shanghai Journalists' Association, held at Shanghai in April 1984; and the extraordinary plenary meetings of the United Nations Council for Namibia, held at Bangkok in May 1984. 1052. During the period under review, the Commissioner gave a number of press conferences devoted to the question of Namibia. 1053. As in the past, the Commissioner and his staff participated in meetings with a number of specialized agencies and other institutions which are executing projects in favour of Namibians. F. Offices of the Commissioner at Luanda, Lusaka and Gaborone 1. Luanda 1054. The Office of the Commissioner at Luanda, which became fully operational on 21 January 1983, serves as a focal point for liaison between the Office of the Commissioner in New York and the provisional headquarters of SWAPO at Luanda. It maintains close consultation with SWAPO on all matters of mutual concern within the context of relevant policies and decisions of the Council. -213-

1055. During the period under review, the Office was responsible for some 25 Nationhood Programme projects and six projects under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia. In this connection, the Luanda Office facilitated the work of a consultant responsible for a training programme for Namibian broadcasters and assisted in the placement of several groups of Namibians in training programmes in various countries. Furthermore, the Office participated in the 5th meeting of the Governing Board of the United Nations Vocational Training Centre for Namibia and undertook follow-up activities to ensure speedy implementation of the Centre's programme of training activities. 1056. In addition to servicing current programmes, the Luanda Office was actively involved in new initiatives aimed at meeting the long-term needs and aspirations of the Namibian people by, inter alia, appraising and preparing projects for implementation in consultation with SWAPO and the executing agencies concerned. In addition, the Office collaborated with UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF and the specialized agencies of the United Nations in working out an integrated approach to programmes of assistance for Namibians in Angola. 1057. The Office also facilitated the travel and participation of SWAPO officials in international meetings and concluded negotiations with the Government of Angola regarding the issuance of United Nations Council for Namibia travel documents. 1058. During the period under review, the Luanda Office participated in training workshops held in the Congo under the Nationhood Programme. It also participated in the 4th review meeting held at Lusaka between the Office of the Commissioner and SWAPO. 2. Lusaka 1059. The Office of the Commissioner at Lusaka operates as an administrative office for the programmes of assistance under the United Nations Fund for Namibia. It also operates as a centre for the political and informational activities of the Commissioner's Office in the region. 1060. During the period under review, the Lusaka Office continued to provide assistance to Namibians in many areas. It maintained a close working relationship with ECA, UNDP, UNHCR, ILO, FAO and other specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system in co-ordinating all assistance programmes for Namibians. The Office also maintained close liaison with the Institute, which was the implementing agency for several of the Nationhood Programme projects and a source of supply of students for other assistance programmes within the United Nations system. The administrative support projects established at the Office continued to provide services to project personnel in the form of office space, supplies, use of vehicles and secretarial services. 1061. The Lusaka Office was responsible for 22 Nationhood Programme projects and 4 General Account projects. The assistance programmes therefore continued to be a major preoccupation of the Lusaka Office. In addition, the Office continued to provide support for executing agencies and consultants associated with the above- mentioned projects. It continued to co-ordinate the placement of a large number of Namibians for various educational projects in Africa and elsewhere. 1062. During the period under review, several consultancies were completed and three project seminars were held to review draft consultancy reports. Some 63 students completed their training in Zambia in various fields, including labour -214- administration, teacher training and video and cinematography. Some 17 Namibians continued their training in radio broadcasting and railway operations, and 3 students continued degree studies at the University of Zambia. In addition, 96 students were enrolled in new training activities in areas such as soil surveying, labour administration and teacher training. 1063. The Zambian Government agreed to make facilities available for a project providing for remedial training in the English language, mathematics and basic sciences to Namibians in preparation for further training under the Nationhood Programme and other programmes available to them. The first group of 34 students commenced training in June 1984. 1064. The Office also participated in the 4th review meeting between the Office of the Commissioner and SWAPO and the 5th meeting of the Board of the Namibia Extension Unit, both held at Lusaka in April 1984. 3. Gaborone 1065. The Office of the Commissioner at Gaborone participates in the implementation of the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and in assistance programmes for individual Namibians. In addition, it monitors developments in southern Africa and keeps the New York Office informed of those developments. 1066. During the period under review, the Office continued to maintain close contact with the Government of Botswana, and with SWAPO, UNDP and UNHCR concerning the provision of assistance to Namibian refugees, particularly at the Dukwe settlement. 1067. The Gaborone Office also continued to maintain contact with educational and other institutions at Botswana in connection with the implementation of Nationhood Programme projects. The Office provided administrative support to consultants conducting research in Botswana under the Nationhood Programme and assisted in the placement of Namibians in educational institutions. 1068. The Office also assisted in administering the Institute's student secondment programme in respect of those students attached to the Botswana Government. it also assisted in the administration of the scholarship programme of the United Nations Fund for Namibia. In this connection, the Office representative visited a number of training institutions in the region to discuss the possibility of securing places for Namibian students in those institutions. One student was placed for a Masters degree programme in mass communications; three students were placed in a six-month, pre-science training programme at the University of Botswana; two students were admitted for accountancy studies at Botswana Institute of Accountancy and Commerce; one student was placed in a degree programme in social work at the University of Zimbabwe; and one student was admitted for accountancy studies at the University of Botswana. In addition, placement applications were being processed for two students for admission to the agricultural diploma courses at Egerton College at Nairobi and for 12 other students for various training programmes. The Office has also co-operated with and assisted other sponsoring agencies such as the Commonwealth Secretariat in London in the placement of students in the field of education and training. The Gaborone Office has also provided interviews and selection services for candidates applying for admission to the United Nations Institute for Namibia. Two students were offered places at the Institute. Four students in the accountancy diploma programme successfully completed their first year and were due for placement in practical projects. -215-

1069. During the period under review, the Office secured the issuance of 23 United Nations Council for Namibia travel documents. The Office representative contacted the Governments of Mozambique, Swaziland and Zimbabwe in order to obtain their co-operation with regard to the issuance of the Council's travel documents. 1070. The Office participated in the forty-first ordinary session of the OAU Co- ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984; the fourteenth ordinary session of the Co-ordination Committee on Assistance to Refugees, held at Nairobi from 11 to 14 April 1984; and the International Trade Union Conference on Solidarity with the Workers and Peoples of South Africa and Namibia, held at Harare from 18 to 20 May 1984. -216-

CHAPTER X PARTICIPATION OF THE SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLE'S ORGANIZATION AS THE SOLE AND AUTHENTIC REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NAMIBIAN PEOPLE IN THE WORK OF THE COUNCIL 1071. SWAPO, the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people, has for many years led their heroic struggle for self-determination and genuine independence. Through its courageous struggle against racist South Africa's colonial oppression and illegal occupation, under which the Namibian people have languished for many years, SWAPO has earned the recognition and respect of the international community. 1072. A SWAPO delegation led by Mr. Peter Mueshihange, Secretary for Foreign Relations, participated in the work of the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session. 1073. A high-level delegation led by Mr. Mueshihange also participated in meetings of the Security Council on the question of Namibia, held in October 1983. 1074. During the period under review, representatives of SWAPO participated actively in the work of the United Nations Council for Namibia, its Steering Committee and other subsidiary bodies of the Council. 1075. The Council continued to consult with SWAPO in the formulation and implementation of its programme of work as well as on other matters of interest to the Namibian people, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 38/36 C. 1076. SWAPO representatives also co-operated and consulted with the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia at United Nations Headquarters and the Regional Offices in Africa, through which various assistance programmes for Namibians are being implemented. 1077. The Permanent Observer of SWAPO to the United Nations, Mr. Theo-Ben Gurirab, led a delegation to the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council held at Bangkok, from 21 to 25 May 1984. The SWAPO delegation, as a member of the Drafting Committee, took an active part in the drafting of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the meetings. 1078. SWAPO representatives participated in the organization of the following regional symposia and international seminars organized by the Council: Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984; Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984; Seminar on Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984; and the Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984. 1079. The representatives of SWAPO participated in the Council's missions of consultation with the Governments of States Members of the United Nations and in delegations of the Council to meetings of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and conferences. -217-

1080. During the period under review, SWAPO representatives also participated in the work and activities organized by non-governmental organizations in co- operation with the Council. 1081. Furthermore, the Council consulted with SWAPO on requests by non- governmental organizations for financial contributions to assist in their activities and programmes toward the mobilization of international public opinion in support of the Namibian cause. -218-

PART THREE ORGANIZATION AND DECISIONS OF THE COUNCIL CHAPTER I ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL A. Establishment of the Council 1082. The Council, as established under General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V), consisted of 11 members, and was subsequently enlarged pursuant to Assembly resolutions 3031 (XXVII) of 18 December 1972, 3295 (XXIX) of 13 December 1974 and 33/182 A of 21 December 1978. The Council now consists of the following 31 members: Algeria, Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Egypt, Finland, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Senegal, Turkey, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. B. Presidency of the Council 1083. At its 412th meeting, on 24 January 1984, the Council re-elected Mr. Paul J. F. Lusaka of Zamiba as its President for 1984. At the same meeting, the Council elected Messrs. Mohamed Sahnoun (Algeria), Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Natarajan Krishnan (India), A. Coskun Kirca (Turkey) and Ignac Golob (Yugoslavia) as Vice-Presidents of the Council for 1984. C. Steering Committee 1084. The Steering Committee of the Council consists of the President of the Council, the five Vice-Presidents, the Chairmen of the three Standing Committees and the Vice-Chairman and Rapporteur of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia. D. Standing Committees 1085. At its 124th meeting, on 24 January 1984, Standing Committee I re-elected Mr. Tommo Monthe (Cameroon) as its Chairman. At its 126th meeting, on 21 March 1984, the Committee re-elected Mr. Tuluy Tang (Turkey) as its Vice- Chairman. 1086. At its 174th meeting, on 9 March 1984, Standing Committee II elected Mr. S. Ali Sarwar Naqvi (Pakistan) as its Chairman. At its 173rd meeting, on 7 March 1984, the Committee re-elected Mrs. Famatta Rose Osode (Liberia) as its Vice-Chairman. 1087. At its 118th meeting, on 24 January 1984, Standing Committee III elected Mr. Rudolph Yossiphov (Bulgaria) as itsohairman. At its 119th meeting, on 14 February 1984, the Committee re-A].ected Mr. Jorge Eduardo Chen Charpentier (Mexico) as its Vice-Chairman. -219-

1088. The composition of the Standing Committees at 1 January 1984 was as follows: Standing Committee I - Algeria, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Finland, Haiti, Indonesia, Nigeria, Poland, Senegal, Turkey, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Venezuela, Zambia. Standing Committee II - Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Finland, Guyana, Liberia, Mexico, Pakistan, Romania, Zambia. Standing Committee III - Algeria, Angola, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Burundi, Colombia, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia. 1089. At its 297th meeting, on 17 April 1979, the Council approved the terms of reference of Standing Committees I, II and III. 185/ E. Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia 1090. In accordance with the terms of reference of this Committee, approved by the Council at its 297th meeting, on 17 April 1979, 186/ the President of the Council acts as Chairman of the Committee on the Fund. At its 63rd meeting, on 24 January 1984, the Committee on the Fund elected Mrs. Elena Coronel de Rodriguez (Venezuela) as its Vice-Chairman and Rapporteur for 1984. 1091. The composition of the Committee on the Fund is as follows: Australia, Finland, India, Nigeria, Romania, Senegal, Turkey, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. F. Other committees and working groups 1092. A Working Group of the Steering Committee assisted the Council in preparing for the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984. During the extraordinary plenary meetings, a drafting committee and a committee of a whole were set up with the purpose of preparing the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia. In accordance with usual practice, a drafting committee was also established to draft the Council's annual report to the General Assembly; a working group of the Steering Committee helped in the preparation of recommendations for the thirty-ninth session of the General Assembly. G. Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia 1093. By resolution 2248 (S-V), the General Assembly decided that the Council should entrust such executive and administrative tasks as it deemed necessary to a United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, appointed by the Assembly on the nomination of the Secretary-General. The Assembly further decided that, in the performance of his tasks, the Commissioner should be.responsible to the Council. The Commissioner is appointed with an annual mandate. At its 79th plenary meeting, on 1 December 1983, the General Assembly, on the proposal of the Secretary-General (A/38/614, para. 2), re-appointed Mr. Brajesh Chandra Mishra as United Nations Commissioner for Namibia for a one-year term ,beginning on 1 January 1984 (decision 38/312). -220-

H. Secretariat services 1094. The secretariat of the Council services the Council, its Steering Committee and three Standing Committees, the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia and other committees and working groups, as well as seminars and missions of the Council, as required. It also undertakes research on developments in Namibia and prepares working papers and other documentation as requested by the Council and its committees. 1095. The secretariat comprises the following established posts within the Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization: one D-1 (Secretary of the Council), two P-5s, two P-3s, one P-2, one G-5 and three G-4s. In addition, there are two temporary posts at the P-4 level, four at the P-3 level and four at the G-4 level. -221-

CHAPTER II RESOLUTIONS, FORMAL STATEMENTS, COMMUNIQUES AND DECISIONS OF THE COUNCIL 1096. The present chapter contains the texts of the resolutions, formal statements and communiqu6s issued by the Council, its President and its missions of consultation during the period under review, as well as a summary of the decisions taken by the Council during the same period. A. Resolutions 1097. During the period covered by the present report, the Council adopted the following resolutions: 1. Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia* The United Nations Council for Namibia, Acting as trustee of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, Having considered the progress reports of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia on the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, covering the periods from 1 September to 31 December 1982 and 1 January to 30 June 1983, 187/ 1. Approves the progress reports of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia; 2. Commends the progress made in providing assistance to Namibiansp 3. Decides to take up the matter of waiving agency support costs with those executing agencies that have not already agreed to do so; 4. Requests the Commissioner to submit to the Council a report of the activities of other United Nations agencies and bodies with respect to assistance to Namibians. 406th meeting 21 October 1983 * Previously issued as document A/AC.131/99. -222-

2. Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1983* The United Nations Council for Namibia, A as trustee of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, Taking into account General Assembly resolution 34/29 A of 12 December 1979, by which the Assembly approved the Charter of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, 188/ of which article 5 (a) provides that the Council shall consider and endorse the annual budget estimates of the Institute, Having considered the report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia on the proposed expenditure budget of the Institute for 1983, 189/ Endorses, subject to the availability of funds, the expenditure budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1983. 409th meeting 16 November 1983 3. Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1984** The United Nations Council for Namibia, Acting as trustee of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, Taking into account General Assembly resolution 34/29 A of 12 December 1979, by which the Assembly approved the Charter of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, 187/ of which article 5 (a) provides that the Council shall consider and endorse the annual budget estimates of the Institute, Having considered the report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia on the proposed expenditure budget of the Institute for 1984, 190/ Endorses, subject to the availability of funds, the expenditure budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1984. 411th meeting 22 December 1983 * Previously issued as document A/AC.131/100. ** Previously issued as document A/AC.131/101. -223-

4. Expression of thanks to the Government and people of Thailand The United Nations Council for Namibia, Having met in extraordinary plenary meetings, from 21 to 25 May 1984, for the purpose of reviewing the situation in and around Namibia and mobilizing further international support for the aspirations and legitimate struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination, freedom and national independence for Namibians in a united Namibia, Having heard the very important and inspiring statement made by General Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand, at the inaugural meeting on 21 May 1984, Expresses its profound gratitude to King Bhumiphol Adulyadej, King of Thailand, the Royal Thai Government and the people of Thailand for the invitation extended to the Council to hold its extraordinary plenary meetings at Bangkok and the facilities provided for that purpose, which have contributed to the success of the meetings and, in particular, for the very generous and warm hospitality accorded to the participants, observers, and Secretariat staff throughout their stay at Bangkok. 424th meeting 25 May 1984 B. Formal statements 1098. During the period covered by the present report, the President of the Council issued the following statements: 1. Statement issued by the President on 17 February 1984 condemning the detention of Ms. Gwen Lister by the racist South African r6gime 1. The racist South African r6gime has charged Ms. Gwen Lister, a senior staff writer for the English-language newspaper The Windhoek Observer, with importing, failing to declare and possessing certain United Nations documents which South Africa has banned and which Pretoria purports to be in violation of its so-called Customs and Excise Act, Publications Act and Internal Security Act. 2. The documents in question were contained in a United Nations brochure distributed during the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Indepedence, held in Paris from 25 to 29 April 1983, which Ms. Lister attended at the invitation of the United Nations. 3. On 1 May 1983, Ms. Lister was detained and searched at the Johannesburg airport by the agents of the racist Pretoria r~gime while in transit to Windhoek. The racist rgime's agents photographed Ms. Lister's notes and diary and confiscated most of the documents in her possession. 4. On 2 February 1984, Ms. Lister was served with a summons to appear before a Johannesburg court and trial has been set for 7 May 1984. It has been reported that violation of the so-called Internal Security Act alone carries a penalty upon conviction of three years' imprisonment. -224-

5. Pretoria's actions against Ms. Lister not only demonstrate the racist r~gime's wanton violations of the freedom of the press but also constitute an affront to the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia and to the mandate given to the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966 and 2248 (S-V) of 19 May1967 as well as subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. 6. The United Nations Council for Namibia strongly rejects and condemns Pretoria's desperate attempts to suppress information on the heroic struggle of the Namibian people against racist oppression and colonial domination. The Council expresses its indignation at Pretoria's actions against Ms. Lister, expresses its sympathy with her in her hour of travail and urges the international community, in particular the international organizations affiliated with the press, to denounce Pretoria for this action and to exert every effort to ensure that the harassment of this courageous journalist by the racist Pretoria rdgime be brought immediately to an end and to safeguard the free dissemination of information on the struggle of the Namibian people. The Council solemnly reaffirms its conviction that the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, backed by the resolute support of the overwhelming majority of the international community, will achieve their self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. 2. Statement issued by the President on 12 June 1984 condemning South Africa's arrest and imprisonment of 37 SWAPO members and supporters and demanding the release of all Namibian patriots 1. The United Nations Council for Namibia has learned with profound shock and indignation that on the morning of 9 June 1984, the racist rdgime of South Africa arrested and detained 37 leaders, members and supporters of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) at Dobra, near Windhoek, under the so- called Proclamation AG9, which allows for indefinite detention of Namibians incommunicado. 2. Those arrested were part of a group of Namibians attending a social function held on church premises to welcome the Namibian patriots abducted by Pretoria's occupation forces during the Kassinga massacre in 1978 and recently released from the concentration camp at Mariental after years of detention by the illegal South African rdgime. Those brutal arrests were carried out by camouflaged armed forces of the racist rdgime. The racist armed forces harassed the people present and arrested and imprisoned 37 men and women, leaders, members and supporters of SWAPO. 3. This criminal action is yet another manifestation of the systematic policy of oppression, repression and terror perpetrated by the racist regime against the Namibian people in violation of their fundamental human and political rights. Furthermore, it constitutes a flagrant violation of all United Nations resolutions and decisions on the question of Namibia and is an affront to the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia and the mandate given to the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal -225-

Administering Authority for the Territory until independence, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966 and 2248 (S- V) of 19 May 1967 and subsequent Assembly and Security Council resolutions on Namibia. 4. It is particularly ironic that Pretoria's latest action should come at a time when the Prime Minister of the racist r~gime is visiting certain countries in Western Europe, seeking to convince them that South Africa is interested in bringing to an end its illegal occupation of Namibia and in promoting peaceful change in South Africa itself. This action is further proof, if proof were needed, that South Africa continues to defy the will of the international community, that it has no intention of implementing the United Nations plan for Namibia's independence and that it is motivated only by a desire to bring about a relaxation of its international isolation. 5. The Council condemns in the strongest terms the latest arrests, which are part and parcel of Pretoria's desperate attempts to suppress the just struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of SWAPO, against illegal occupation, racist oppression and colonial domination. 6. The Council strongly demands the immediate and unconditional release of the Namibian patriots arrested at Dobra, and all other Namibians held in prisons and concentration camps by that r6gime. The Council expresses its unswerving support and solidarity with all Namibian political prisoners and their families. 7. The Council also urges the international community to denounce and condemn the racist r~gime for this action and to exert every effort to secure the immediate and unconditional release of the Namibian patriots arrested at Dobra and all other Namibian political prisoners. 8. The Council calls upon the international community to exert maximum pressure on racist South Africa to put an end to its illegal occupation of Namibia and to co-operate in the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978. 9. The Council solemnly reaffirms its strong conviction that the people of Namibia, under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative, supported by the international community, will achieve their self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. C. Communiqu~s 1099. The present section contains the texts of the communiau~s and statements issued by the Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia% The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, and by the missions of consultation dispatched by the Council during 1984, and also by the Governments visited. -226-

1. Final communigu4 of the Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984* 1. This final communiqu6 represents the outcome of the discussions and debate following the presentation of some thought-provoking papers by participants on the Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, which was officially opened by Mr. John Malecela, the Minister for Communications and Transport of the United Republic of Tanzania. 2. Having deliberated at length on the nature of the Namibian problem and the illegal occupation of Namibia by the Pretoria r~gime, the participants addressed themselves to the multiple purposes of the Symposium, namely: (a) To examine the history and nature of the Namibian conflict; (b) To review the options and strategies that have been used in the past to resolve the problem; (c) To devise fresh and new ideas and courses of action to facilitate and expedite the process of independence and self-determination for the peoples of Namibia and South Africa in keeping with the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity (OAU); (d) To consider the conditions which recently obliged certain African countries to sign accords with the racist rigime of South Africa. 3. The Symposium resolves that the struggle of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) for the independence of Namibia, as well as that of the liberation movements of South Africa, should be intensified. To that end, the Symposium strongly urges all independent African States and all peace-loving countries of the world community to increase greatly their material support to SWAPO and the liberation movements of South Africa and to take whatever political and diplomatic actions may be necessary to compel the racist r4gime of Pretoria and its shameless and short-sighted patrons to comply with the will of the world community, as expressed in the numerous resolutions and decisions of the United Nations and OAU relating to Namibia and South Africa. 4. To that end, the Symposium wishes to propose several courses of action to expedite the process of independence for Namibia and to bring about the end of apartheid colonialism in South Africa. 5. At the international level, the Symposium: Previously issued as document A/AC.131/116. -227-

(a) Reaffirms its support for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978 in its entirety; (b) Rejects the United States policy of "constructive engagement" in southern Africa and the issue of linkage between the independence of Namibia and the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola; (c) Demands the imposition of compehensive mandatory sanctions against the apartheid regime under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations; (d) Condemns all external economic and military interests in Namibia and South Africa as impediments to the process of liberation and decolonization in Namibia and South Africa. 6. In view of the intensity of the struggle and the increasing acts of aggression by the Pretoria rdgime against its neighbours, the Symposium recommends that the United Nations Council for Namibia, as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory of Namibia, should assume a more active political and diplomatic role. 7. The Symposium also recommends that the United Nations Council for Namibia, OAU and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries should mount a more vigorous and comprehengive campaign in the capitals and principal cities of the major Western Powers, especially the United States of America. Such a campaign should take several forms: (a) Delegations at the highest level, including that of head of State, should be dispatched periodically to consult with the heads of State or Government of the major Western Powers, especially the President of the United States, in order to impress upon them that their continued support for apartheid South Africa is not in the long-term or best interest of their respective countries; (b) The United Nations Council for Namibia should organize symposia in the capitals, principal cities and major universities of the major Western Powers, especially the United States, for the purpose of making the public more aware of and sensitive to the issues and problems of Namibia in particular and southern Africa in general, and of the serious implications of those problems for international peace and security. In that respect the Council should encourage the principal spokesmen of Africa to participate in such symposia; (c) The United Nations Council for Namibia should encourage the creation of support committees in major universities in the United States, Canada and Western Europe in order to organize various activities, including the holding of seminars in support of the struggle for the independence of Namibia and the liberation of South Africal (d) The United Nations Council for Namibia, OAU and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries should make increased use of the mass media in the major industrialized Western countries for the purpose of the effective dissemination of pertinent information on the Namibian and South African issues to the critical masses of the Western Powers; -228-

(e) OAU and the United Nations Council for Namibia should actively cultivate and effectively utilize the material, political and diplomatic Support of all peace- loving countries in their efforts to bring independence to Namibia and to end the policy of apartheid in South Africa; (f) The United Nations Council for Namibia should do everything possible to establish contacts with appropriate pressure groups and political leaders in the United States for the purpose of influencing the policy of the United States Government towards Namibia and South Africa; (g) The United Nations Council for Namibia should publish a newsletter for distribution to all non-governmental organizations throughout the world. 8. At the regional level, the Symposium concludes that: (a) There is an urgent need for OAU and the United Nations Council for Namibia to sponsor a meeting between the front-line States and the national liberation movements, especially SWAPO, to review recent developments as well as to co- ordinate their plans and strategies to bring independence to Namibia and to accelerate the process of complete liberation in South Africa; (b) Owing to increased resistance by SWAPO and the liberation movements and the resulting pressure which has led to Pretoria's acts of aggression against its neighbouring independent African States, it is imperative that the independent African States, both individually and collectively, increase their financial, material and military support to the front-line States and Lesotho so as to enable them effectively to defend themselves; (c) In view of the intensification of the struggle in Namibia and South Africa, it is imperative that the African States, both individually and collectively, increase their financial and material and military support to SWAPO and the liberation movements in South Africa to enable them to continue effectively the armed struggle for independence and liberation; (d) The African trade unions should cultivate and intensify contacts with their counterparts in the United States, Canada and Western Europe for the purpose of making them aware of problems in Namibia and South Africa as well as seeking their material and political support for the national liberation movementsl (e) The specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system should increase assistance to SWAPO within their respective fields of competence and their governing bodies should exercise flexibility when considering assistance to the national liberation movements; (f) The States members of OAU should extend or increase their assistance to SWAPO with respect to the provision of trained personnel, especially in the fields of education and health. The SWAPO support groups throughout Africa should be requested to supplement and support their Governments' efforts in this regard; (g) OAU and the United Nations Council for Namibia should intensify their campaign to end the exploitation by the transnational corporations of the natural and human resources of Namibia and South Africa. -229-

9. At the national level, the Symposium recommends that: (a) National support groups in Africa and solidarity groups in African universities and institutions should be created in order to increase the political consciousness of the African masses on the question of Namibia to enable them to participate in the struggle for the liberation of Namibia through fund-raising and other forms of assistance to SWAPO so that it may meet the demands of the struggle; (b) In their dealings with the powerful Western media the African mass media should constantly present the true picture of the liberation struggle in Namibia and South Africa; (c) All the participants in the Symposium should initiate the creation of support groups in their respective countries with a view to implementing the conclusions and recommendations of the Symposium and should report thereon to the SWAPO regional offices and the United Nations Council for Namibial (d) The United Nations Council for Namibia should encourage African Governments to allow their trade unions to take action to create a negative impact on South Africa's trade and industry by using passive resistance, for example, by refusing to handle commercial aircraft, ships and overland transport in transit to and from South Africal (e) The United Nations Council for Namibia should appeal to all Governments to encourage their trade unions to take such actions individually and collectively as would mobilize workers' solidarity with the black people of South Africa and Namibiaj (f) All political parties, women's organizations, youth movements and professional organizations in Africa should do everything possible to promote the struggle for national liberation in Namibia and South Africa. 10. The Symposium condemns all forms of military collaboration with South Africa, especially in the nuclear field, which may lead to harming independent African States and the liberation struggle in Namibia and South Africa. 11. The participants at the Symposium wish to register their profound gratitude to the United Republic of Tanzania for its unqualified support for the national liberation movements of southern Africa, in particular, and of Africa in general; and for its warm hospitality to the United Nations Council for Namibia and the participants in the Symposium. 12. The participants also wish to thank the United Nations Council for Namibia for its untiring efforts to assist SWAPO, as the legitimate and authentic representative of the Namibian people, in its struggle for the independence of Namibia, and to register their appreciation to the Council for organizing the Symposium. -230-

2. Mission of Consultation to the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities* (a) Communiqu6 issued by the Government of the Netherlands and the Mission at The Hague on 17 January 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited The Hague for consultations with the Government of the Netherlands from 16 to 18 January 1984. 2. The Mission was composed of Messrs. Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Chairman; Bienvenu Oubelabout (Cameroon); Robert D. L. Vanreusel (Belgium); Amitav Banerji (India); and Pius H. Asheeke (South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)). 3. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of the Netherlands on the Namibian question, with a view to promoting the speedy independence of Namibia. 4. The Mission held meetings with a delegation from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs consisting of Messrs. H. vijnaendts, Roving Ambassador-at-large; H. Gajentaan, Acting Director of the International Organizations Department; M. I. van der Zee, Head of the Southern Africa Section, African and Middle Eastern Affairs Department; P. C. Feith, Head of the Political Affairs Section, International Organizations Department; and M. S. Kappeyne van de Coppello, Political Affairs Section, International Organizations Department. 5. The two sides reviewed the situation obtaining in and around Namibia. They reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. They stressed the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia. 6. The Government of the Netherlands expressed its appreciation for the important role being played by the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence. 7. The Mission expressed its appreciation of the positive position adopted by the Government of the Netherlands with regard to the Namibian question. 8. The Government of the Netherlands and the Mission expressed mutual concern over the persistent refusal by South Africa to implement the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular, Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, which constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibian question. Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its speedy implementation. * Previously issued as document A/AC.131/118. -231-

9. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms the persistent attempts by South Africa to introduce into the United Nations plan such irrelevant and extraneous issues as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola and underlined the fact that such actions had the effect of perpetuating South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. 10. The Mission noted with appreciation the support extended by the Netherlands delegation in the Security Council to resolution 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, by which the Council had, inter alia, rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978), other decisions of the Security Council and the resolutions of the General Assembly on Namibia, including Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and declared that the independence of Namibia could not be held hostage to the resolution of issues that were alien to Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Both sides called for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 11. The Government of the Netherlands and the Mission declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory. The Mission recalled that the General Assembly had declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory. 12. The two sides deplored South Africa's attempts to impose an internal settlement on Namibia outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). They declared all such attempts null and void. 13. The Mission reiterated its unswerving support for SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. Both sides commended the positive role played by SWAPO in the efforts directed at bringing about Namibia's independence. 14. The Government of the Netherlands and the Mission reaffirmed their support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977 and demanded its full and strengthened implementation. 15. The Mission strongly condemned the activities undertaken by foreign economic interests in Namibia in violation of relevant United Nations resolutions, and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 29 September 1974. 2/ The Mission emphasized the urgency of effectively implementing the Decree. 16. While noting the position of the Government of the Netherlands that no uranium from Namibia was imported for use in the Netherlands, the Mission expressed its concern over the fact that Namibian uranium continued to be processed at the enrichment plant operated by Urenco. In that connection, the Mission drew attention to General Assembly resolution 38/36 A of 1 December 1983, by which the Assembly had urged that Namibian uranium be specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo, which regulates the activities of Urenco. -232-

17. The Mission drew the attention of the Government of the Netherlands to the call by the General Assembly in the same resolution for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 18. The Mission expressed appreciation for the humanitarian and financial assistance extended by the Government of the Netherlands to the United Nations Fund for Namibia, the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other projects in support of the Namibian people. It expressed the hope that the Government of the Netherlands would continue and increase such assistance. The latter reaffirmed its intention to do so. 19. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of the Netherlands for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay at The Hague. (b) Statement issued by a delegation of the Ministry of External Relations of Belgium and the Mission at Brussels on 20 January 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited Brussels for consultations with the Government of Belgium from 18 to 20 January 1984. 2. The Mission was composed of Messrs. Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Chairman; Bienvenu Oubelabout (Cameroon); Robert D. L. Vanreusel (Belgium); Amitav Banerji (India); and Pius H. Asheeke (SWAPO). 3. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of Belgium on the Namibian question, with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and the speedy independence of Namibia. 4. The Mission held meetings with a delegation from the Ministry of External Relations of Belgium, composed of Messrs. Erik Bal, Director, International Organizations Service; Henri Douxchamps Segesser de Brunegg, Director of African Affairs; Pierre de Muelenaere, Consellor, International Organizations Service; and Wilfried Geens, Consellor, Cabinet of the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Chairman of the Mission and the representative of SWAPO had a meeting with Mr. Georges van der Espt, Chef de Cabinet of the Ministry of External Relations. The members of the Mission also called on Mr. Alfred Cahen, Director-General for Political Affairs. 5. The Mission and the delegation reviewed the situation in and around Namibia in all its aspects. Both sides reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. The Belgian delegation recognized the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia until genuine independence was achieved by that Territory. It reaffirmed its firm support for the United Nations Council for Namibia, of which Belgium is a member, as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence and expressed its appreciation for the important role played by the Council in the discharge of its responsibilities towards the Namibian people. 6. Both sides expressed strong support for Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, and reaffirmed that those resolutions constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question. They called for the speedy and unconditional implementation of the resolutions. -233-

7. Within that context, the Mission condemned in the strongest terms the persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia such irrelevant and extraneous issues as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalled that both the General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected any "linkage". The Mission regarded such attempts on the part of the Pretoria r4gime as tactics deliberately aimed at perpetuating its illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the will of the international community. The Belgian delegation reiterated the rejection by Belgium of linkage as well as its view that the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia should be without pre-conditions. 8. The Mission declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory and must form part of an independent Namibia. Both sides agreed that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be preserved. 9. The continued and repeated attempts by South Africa to impose an internal settlement on Namibia, outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), were condemned by both the Belgian delegation and the Mission. They declared all such attempts null and void. 10. The Mission expressed its firm solidarity with the Namibian people in their struggle, by every available means, for self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Belgian delegation recognized the important contribution being made by SWAPO to the Namibian cause. It reaffirmed its commitment to following the principles of the United Nations Charter in promoting Namibia's accession to independence, while renewing its call for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question and for the speedy organization of free and democratic elections under the terms of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 11. The Belgian delegation reaffirmed its support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by the Security Council in its resolution 418 (1977), which Belgium strictly observed, and demanded its full and effective implementation. The Mission expressed its concern at the presence of a South African military attachi in Brussels. 12. The Mission strongly denounced the activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia and their plunder of the Territory's natural resources in violation of relevant United Nations resolutions, and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ The Mission emphasized that such activities contributed to the maintenance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. In that connection, the Mission recalled the resolutions of the United Nations calling for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 13. The Mission expressed appreciation for the financial assistance which the Government of Belgium had extended to the United Nations Fund for Namibia, the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia and was currently extending through certain humanitarian and other projects in support of the Namibian people. Noting with concern that Belgium had made no direct contribution to the Fund for the past three years, it appealed to the Government of Belgium to renew and increase such assistance. The Belgian authorities took note of that appeal and stated their intention to give it due consideration. -234-

14. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of Belgium for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay in Brussels. The delegation reiterated the commitment of the Government of Belgium, as a member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, to play a constructive role in efforts to promote the Namibian cause and to facilitate the independence of Namibia without further delay. (c) Communiqu4 issued by the Government of Luxembourg and the Mission at Luxembourg on 24 January 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited Luxembourg for consultations with the Government of Luxembourg from 22 to 24 January 1984. 2. The Mission was composed of Messrs. Noel G. Sinclair (Guyana), Chairman; Bienvenu Oubelabout (Cameroon); Robert D. L. Vanreusel (Belgium); Amitav Banerji (India); and Pius H. Asheeke (SWAPO). 3. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of Luxembourg with regard to the Namibian question, with a view to promoting the speedy independence of Namibia. 4. The Mission held meetings with a delegation from the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs consisting of Mr. Jean Mischo, Director of Political Affairs, and Mr. Nicolas Schmidt, Secretary of the Embassy. 5. The two sides reviewed the situation obtaining in and around Namibia. They reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. They stressed the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia. 6. The Government of Luxembourg expressed its appreciation for the important role being played by the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for the Territory until independence. 7. The Government of Luxembourg and the Mission expressed mutual concern over the persistent refusal by South Africa to implement the relevant resolutions of the united Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, which constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibian question. Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its speedy implementation. 8. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms the persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan such irrelevant and extraneous issues as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola and underlined the fact that such actions had the effect of perpetuating South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. 9. The Mission noted with appreciation that Luxembourg supported Security Council resolution 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, by which the Council had, inter alia, rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, other decisions of the Security Council and -235- the resolutions of the General Assembly on Namibia, including General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and declared that the independence of Namibia could not be held hostage to the resolution of issues that were alien to Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Both sides called for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 10. The Government of Luxembourg and the Mission declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory. The Mission recalled that the General Assembly had declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory. 11. The two sides deplored South Africa's attempts to impose an internal settlement in Namibia outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). They declared all such attempts null and void. 12. The Mission reiterated its unswerving support for SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. Both sides commended the Positive role played by SWAPO in the efforts directed at bringing about Namibia's independence. 13. The Government of Luxembourg and the Mission reaffirmed their support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977 and demanded its full and strengthened implementation. 14. The Mission strongly condemned the activities undertaken by foreign economic interests in Namibia in violation of relevant United Nations resolutions, and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ The Mission emphasized the urgency of effectively implementing the Decree. 15. The Mission drew the attention of the Government of Luxembourg to the call by the General Assembly in its resolution 38/36 A for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 16. The Mission appealed to the Government of Luxembourg to make direct generous contributions to the United Nations Fund for Namibia, the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other humanitarian projects in support of the Namibian people. The Luxembourg delegation took note of that appeal and promised to give it due consideration. 17. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of Luxembourg for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay in Luxembourg. 3. Mission of Consultation to Asia and the Pacific Region (12 to 23 March 1984) (a) Statement issued by the Mission and the Japanese delegation on 17 March 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited Tokyo for consultations with the Government of Japan from 12 to 17 March 1984. The Mission was led by Mr. Ignac Golob, Permanent Representative of Yugoslavia to -236- the United Nations, and included Messrs. Syed Muazzem Ali (Bangladesh), Godwin Mfula (Zambia), Leslie Adrian Rowe (Australia) and Pius H. Asheeke of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 2. During its stay, the Mission was received by Mr. Ishimatsu Kitagawa, Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs, and by members of the Japanese Diet headed by Mr. Yozo Ishikawa, Director of the Foreign Affairs Division of the Liberal Democratic Party. Members of the Mission held consultations with high-ranking officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of Japan on the Namibian question with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and the speedy independence of Namibia. 4. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of Japan for its consistent support of the cause of the Namibian people in their efforts to achieve self-determination, freedom and genuine independence in a united Namibia. The Government of Japan reaffirmed its support for the United Nations Council for Namibia, the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967, and noted with appreciation the important role played by the Council in the discharge of its responsibilities towards the Namibian people. 5. The two sides reviewed the situation in and around Namibia in all its aspects and reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self- determination and independence in a united Namibia. They reiterated that Namibia was the direct responsibility of the United Nations until genuine independence is achieved by that Territory. 6. The Government of Japan and the Mission condemned the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions. 7. The Government of Japan and the Mission reaffirmed their conviction that South Africa must comply with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular, Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, in their entirety, which constitute the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibian question. 8. Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its immediate and unconditional implementation. The Mission condemned the continued and persistent attempts of the illegal South African regime to impose an internal settlement in Namibia as outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and declared all such attempts to be illegal, null and void. 9. The Mission condemned the continued armed aggression and acts of destabilization mounted by the South African rdgime against neighbouring countries, particularly Angola, and the use of Namibian territory as a springboard for such illegal and brutal acts which threatened both regional and international peace and security. -237-

10. The Government of Japan welcomed the recent diplomatic initiatives taken by the parties concerned towards resolving the problems in southern Africa and considered that dialogue was a positive medium which could contribute both to confidence-building among the parties concerned and to the easing of tensions in the region. 11. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia irrelevant and extraneous issues such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalled that both the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected any "linkage". The Mission regarded such attempts on the part of South Africa as tactics deliberately aimed at perpetuating its illegal occupation of Namibia, in defiance of the will of the international community. 12. The Japanese delegation noted that the Namibian question should be resolved without linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues, which would be incompatible with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 13. The Japanese delegation expressed its full support for resolution 432 (1978) of 27 July 1978, by which the Security Council had declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory and had decided that it would lend its full support to the initiation of steps necessary to ensure the early reintegration of Walvis Bay into Namibia. 14. The Mission recalled that the General Assembly had declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory. 15. The Mission reiterated its strong solidarity with the Namibian people in their struggle by all means for self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. 16. The Government of Japan, expressing its appreciation to SWAPO for its continued readiness to co-operate in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), reiterated its strong hope that the independence of Namibia would be attained as soon as possible in accordance with that resolution and that all efforts should be made to take advantage of the valuable opportunity provided by the resolution. It expressed its readiness to consider co-operation with the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) by making both voluntary and assessed contributions under Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations and by providing personnel to the civilian component of UNTAG. 17. Both sides reaffirmed their support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977, and demanded its full and effective implementation. 18. The Mission strongly denounced the continued illegal exploitation of Namibian uranium and other resources by foreign companies, which worked in partnership with the illegal South African rigime in Namibia, in violation of General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and decisions, and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia. 2/ -238-

19. The Mission emphasized that such activities contributed to the maintenance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. In that connection, the Mission recalled the resolutions of the General Assembly, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the conferences of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries which had called for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 20. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of Japan for its action with respect to the cancellation of a contract for the importation of uranium ore from Namibia into Japan. 21. The Mission also expressed grave concern over the continued exploitation, processing and marketing of Namibian uranium and other resources by foreign companies, which worked in collusion with the illegal South African r4gime in Namibia. In that context, the Mission emphasized the urgent need for the adoption of effective measures by all Governments to ensure that no Namibian uranium nor any other resources were imported into their countries. 22. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of Japan for the actions which it had taken and continued to take with regard to South Africa in order to induce it to comply with United Nations resolutions on Namibia. The Government of Japan, while pointing to the fact that Japan did not exchange diplomatic envoys with South Africa, expressed its readiness to continue to take advantage of every available opportunity to induce South Africa to comply with United Nations resolutions on Namibia. 23. The Mission also expressed deep appreciation to the Government of Japan for the humanitarian and financial assistance extended by it to the United Nations Fund for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia. The Mission expressed the hope that the Government of Japan would continue and increase such assistance to all the funds for Namibia, including the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and other projects in support of the Namibian people. 24. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of Japan for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay at Tokyo and its appreciation for the expressed intention of the Government of Japan to play a constructive role in efforts to promote the Namibian cause and to facilitate the independence of Namibia without further delay. (b) Statement issued by the Mission and the New Zealand Government on 20 March 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited Wellington for consultations with the Government of New Zealand from 19 to 20 March 1984. 2. The Mission was led by Mr. Ignac Golob, Permanent Representative of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, and included Messrs. Syed Muazzem Ali (Bangladesh), Godwin Mfula (Zambia), Leslie Adrian Rowe (Australia) and Pius H. Asheeke of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 3. During its stay, the Mission was received by Mr. David Thomson, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sir Wallace Rowling, representing the leader of the Parliamentary Opposition, and Mr. P. I. Wilkinson, Chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Mission also held meetings with officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the New Zealand delegation being led by Mr. H. H. Francis, Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs. -239-

4. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of New Zealand on the Namibian question with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and the speedy independence of Namibia. 5. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of New Zealand for its consistent support of the cause of the Namibian people in their efforts to achieve self-determination, freedom and genuine independence in a united Namibia. The Government of New Zealand reaffirmed its support of the Council as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967, and noted with appreciation the important role played by the Council in the discharge of its responsibilities towards the Namibian people. 6. The two sides reviewed the situation in and around Namibia, in all its aspects. They reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self- determination and independence in a united Nambia. They also condemned the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions and reiterated that Namibia was the direct responsibility of the United Nations until genuine independence was achieved by that Territory. 7. The Government of New Zealand and the Mission reaffirmed that South Africa must comply with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978 which constitute the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibia question. Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions and called for their early and unconditional implementation. They reiterated that South Africa's attempts to impose an internal settlement in Namibia were outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and declared all such attempts to be illegal, null and void. 8. The Government of New Zealand and the Mission deplored South Africa's military attacks against its neighbours, particularly Angola, and the use of Namibian territory as a springboard for those and other actions aimed at destabilizing the front-line States. Both sides agreed that those acts threatened international peace and security. 9. The Government of New Zealand noted with interest the recent diplomatic efforts and initiatives concerning southern Africa. It expressed the hope that they would contribute to the easing of tensions in the area. 10. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia irrelevant and extraneous issues such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalled that both the General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected any "linkage". The Mission regarded such attempts on the part of South Africa as tactics deliberately aimed at perpetuating its illegal occupation of Namibia, in defiance of the will of the international community. The New Zealand Government reiterated its rejection of any linkage and expressed the view that the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia should be without pre-conditions. -240- 11. The Government of New Zealand expressed its support for Security Council resolution 432 (1978) of 27 July 1978, by which the Council had declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory. The Mission recalled that the General Assembly had declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory. 12. The Mission reiterated its strong solidarity with the Namibian people in their struggle by all means for self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Government of New Zealand recognized that SWAPO had an important role to play in bringing Namibia to independence and expressed its appreciation for the readiness of SWAPO to co-operate in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 13. The Government of New Zealand reaffirmed its commitment to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations by promoting Namibia's speedy accession to independence, and by renewing its call for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question and for the speedy organization of free and democratic elections under Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 14. The two delegations reaffirmed their support for the arms embargo, imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977, which New Zealand strictly observed, and demanded its full and effective implementation. 15. The Mission strongly denounced the continued illegal exploitation of Namibian uranium and other resources by foreign companies which work in partnership with the illegal South African r4gime in Namibia, in violation of General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and decisions, and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia. The Mission emphasized that such activities contributed to the maintenance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. It emphasized the urgent need for the adoption of effective measures by Governments to ensure that neither Namibian uranium nor any other resources were imported into their countries. The Mission also recalled the resolutions of the General Assembly, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the conferences of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries which had called for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. The Mission noted that New Zealand supported the purposes of the Decree. 16. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of New Zealand for its contributions to the United Nations Fund for Namibia. The Mission expressed the hope that New Zealand would continue and increase such assistance to all funds for Namibia, including the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other projects in support of the Namibian people. 17. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of New Zealand for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay at Wellington. The Mission also appreciated the expressed intention of the Government of New Zealand to play a constructive role in efforts to promote the Namibian cause and to facilitate the independence of Namibia without further delay. -241-

(c) Statement issued by the Mission and the Australian Government on 23 March 1984 1. A Mission of the United Nations Council for Namibia visited Canberra for consultations with the Government of Australia from 22 to 23 March 1984. 2. The Mission was led by Mr. Ignac Golob, Permanent Representative of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, and included Messrs. Syed Muazzem Ali (Bangladesh), Godwin Mfula (Zambia), Leslie Adrian Rowe (Australia) and Pius H. Asheeke of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 3. The purpose of the Mission's visit was to consult with the Government of Australia on the Namibian question with a view to promoting the implementation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia and the speedy independence of Namibia. 4. During its stay, the Mission was received by Mr. William George Hayden, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and held discussions with the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence. The Mission met Mr. P. G. F. Henderson, Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and participated in a roundtable discussion with officials of the Departments of Foreign Affairs and Prime Minister and Cabinet, and the Australian Development Assistance Bureau. 5. The Mission expressed appreciation to the Government of Australia, an active member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, for its valuable contribution to the work of the Council. The Government of Australia reaffirmed its firm support for the Council as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967, and noted with appreciation the important role played by the Council in the discharge of its responsibilities towards the Namibian people. 6. The two delegations reviewed the situation in and around Namibia, in all its aspects. They reaffirmed the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and independence in a united Nambia. They condemned the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions and reiterated that Namibia was the direct responsibility of the United Nations until genuine independence was achieved by that Territory. 7. The Mission reaffirmed that South Africa must comply with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, in their entirety, which constitute the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibian question. Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its full and immediate implementation without any pre-condition. They reiterated that South Africa's continued and repeated attemps to impose an internal settlement in Namibia were outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and declared all such attempts to be illegal, null and void. -242-

8. The Government of Australia and the Mission deplored South Africa's military attacks against its neighbours and its use of Namibian territory as a springboard for those and other actions aimed at destabilizing those countries. Both sides agreed that those acts endangered both regional and international peace and security. 9. The Government of Australia noted with interest recent diplomatic initiatives in southern Africa, and expressed the hope that those moves would lead to a climate of trust and contribute to the development of peace and security in the region. 10. The Mission condemned, in the strongest terms, persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, such irrelevant and extraneous issues as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalled that both the General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected any "linkage". The Mission regarded such attempts on the part of South Africa as tactics deliberately aimed at perpetuating its illegal occupation of Namibia, in defiance of the will of the international community. The Australian Government expressed its rejection of any linkage, and reiterated its view that the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia should be without pre-conditions. 11. The Mission declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory and must form part of an independent Namibia. Both sides agreed that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be preserved. 12. The Mission reiterated its strong solidarity with the Namibian people in their struggle by every available means, including armed struggle, for self- determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Government of Australia acknowledged SWAPO as one of the most nationalist groups in Namibia and one which had an essential role to play in the settlement negotiations. 13. The Government of Australia reaffirmed its commitment to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations by promoting Namibia's speedy accession to independence, and by renewing its call for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question as well as for the speedy organization of free and democratic elections under Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 14. The Mission expressed its appreciation to the Government of Australia for its recent decision to invite SWAPO to open an information office in Australia. That decision was viewed by the Mission as a great step towards dissemination of information in Australia and the struggle of the Namibian people for self- determination, freedom and independence in a united Namibia. 15. Both parties reaffirmed their support for the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977, which Australia fully observed, and called for its full and effective implementation. 16. The Mission strongly denounced the continued illegal exploitation of Namibian uranium and other resources by foreign companies which worked in partnership with the illegal South African r6gime in Namibia, in utter violation of General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and decisions, -243- and in particular of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia. The Mission emphasized that such activities contributed to the maintenance of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. It emphasized the urgent need for the adoption of effective measures by Governments to ensure that neither Namibian uranium nor any other resources were imported into their countries. In that connection, the Mission recalled the resolutions of the General Assembly, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the conferences of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, calling for the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 17. The Mission also expressed concern at the massive exploitation and utilization of Namibian uranium by South Africa with a view to building its nuclear-weapon capability. Such a build-up would be a threat not only to the security of the region, but also to international peace and security. 18. The Mission expressed its appreciation to the Government of Australia for the humanitarian and financial assistance extended by it to the United Nations Fund for Namibia. It expressed the hope that the Government of Australia would continue and increase such assistance to all the funds for Namibia, including the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, the United Nations Institute for Namibia and other projects in support of the Namibian people. 19. The Mission expressed its gratitude to the Government of Australia for the warm hospitality extended to it during its stay at Canberra. It also deeply appreciated the commitment of the Government of Australia, an active member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, to playing a constructive role in efforts to promote the Namibian cause and to facilitate the independence of Namibia without further delay. 4. Mission of Consultation to Trinidad and Tobago and Argentina* (a) Statement issued by the Mission at Port-of-Spain on 9 April 1984 1. At the invitation of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago, a Mission of consultation of the Council visited Trinidad and Tobago from 7 to 10 April 1984. The Mission was headed by Mr. Serge Elie Charles, Permanent Representative of Haiti to the United Nations, and included representatives of Algeria, China and Romania and of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 2. During its stay at Port-of-Spain, the Mission met with Messrs. Basil Ince, Minister of External Affairs, Desmond Cartey, Minister of Industry, Commerce and Consumer Affairs, and Christopher Thomas, Acting Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs. 3. The two sides reviewed the situation in and around Namibia and reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. They stressed the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia. * Previously issued as document A/AC.131/132, annexes I and II. -244-

4. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago expressed its appreciation for the important role being played by the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority of the Territory until independence. 5. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission shared the concern over the persistent refusal by South Africa to implement the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on the question of Namibia, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, which constituted the only acceptable basis for a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Namibian question. Both sides affirmed their strong support for the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in those resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its speedy implementation. 6. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms the persistent attempts to introduce into the United Nations plan such irrelevent and extraneous issues as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola and underlined the fact that such actions were contrary to the terms of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples and to specific resolutions on Namibia upholding the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and independence in a united Namibia. 7. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission welcomed Security Council resolution 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, by which the Council had clearly and categorically rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with Security Council resolution 435 (1978), other decisions of the Security Council and resolutions of the General Assembly on Namibia, including General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and had declared that the independence of Namibia could not be held hostage to the resolution of issues that were alien to Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Both sides called for the immediate and unconditional implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 8. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission denounced and strongly condemned the South African r4gime for its persistent refusal to withdraw from Namibia in violation of United Nations resolutions on Namibia. Both sides also condemned in the strongest terms South Africa's direct war of aggression both against the Namibian people and their national liberation movement and against neighbouring African States, which constituted an affront to the United Nations which had direct responsibility for the Territory until independence. 9. Both sides expressed their gravest concern at, and strong condemnation of, South Africa's intensified policies of repression and terror in Namibia and its massive military build-up in the Territory with the purpose of expanding its war of aggression against the Namibian people and against neighbouring African States. Furthermore, as part of its total war strategy, South Africa had continued to develop its nuclear weapons capability, thereby seriously threatening international peace and security. 10. Both sides affirmed their support of Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977 by which the Council had imposed a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa, and had called for an immediate halt to all collaboration with South Africa in the military and nuclear fields. -245-

11. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission denounced and condemned the illegal plunder of Namibia's natural resources by South African and other foreign economic interests in violation of United Nations resolutions, the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971 1/ and of the Council's Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission declared that such illegal exploitation contributed to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia, and that South African and other foreign economic interests were liable to pay reparations to Namibia for the illegal exploitation of its resources. 12. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission affirmed their conviction that the withdrawal of South Africa from Namibia could be hastened if South Africa's major Western trading partners were to commit themselves unequivocally to it. Both sides expressed regret that those Powers had been unwilling to exert on South Africa pressure commensurate with their influence in order to obtain South Africa's compliance with United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia. 13. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago reaffirmed its total support for the heroic struggle, including armed struggle, of the Namibian people for their inalienable right to self-determination and independence under the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago also declared its commitment to redouble its efforts to provide all necessary moral and material assistance to the Namibian people. 14. The Mission expressed appreciation for the humanitarian and financial assistance which the Government of Trinidad and Tobago had extended to the United Nations Fund for Namibia and expressed the hope that it would continue and increase such assistance. 15. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Mission declared that the territorial integrity and unity of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration of Walvis Bay within its territory. The Mission recalled that the General Assembly had declared that Walvis Bay, Penguin Island and the other offshore islands of Namibia were integral parts of Namibian territory, and that any action by South Africa to fragment the territory should be regarded as illegal, null and void. 16. Both sides expressed their support for the imposition of mandatory comprehensive economic sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations as called for by the General Assembly, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, as one of the most effective ways to obtain South Africa's compliance with the relevant Security Council resolutions. 17. The Mission, on behalf of the United Nations Council for Namibia, expressed appreciation to the Government of Trinidad and Tobago for the unreserved support which it had extended to SWAPO; it also expressed its sincere thanks to the Government and people of Trinidad and Tobago for the warm welcome extended to it and for their generous hospitality. (b) Joint communiqu6 issued by the Government of Argentina and the Mission at Buenos Aires on 13 April 1984 1. The Mission of consultation of the Council paid an official visit to Argentina from 11 to 14 April 1984. -246-

2. The Mission, led by Mr. Serge Elie Charles, Permanent Representative of Haiti to the United Nations, was composed of the following members: Messrs. Madjid Bouguerra (Algeria), Yang Hushan (China), Dumitru Tanasu (Romania) and Helmut Angula of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 3. The purpose of the Mission of the Council was to consult with the Government of Argentina about recent developments in Namibia and on the efforts of the Council to ensure the liberation of the Territory. It was also the Mission's purpose to review with the Government of Argentina the serious situation prevailing in Namibia and the threat to international peace and security posed by the persistent refusal of the illegal South African occupation rdgime to withdraw from the Territory. The Mission also sought to exchange views with the Government of Argentina in order to identify new areas for possible action directed towards the fulfilment of the Council's mandate. In that regard, the Mission endeavoured to explore ways and means by which the Government of Argentina and the Mission could mobilize maximum international support for the struggle of the Namibian people for self-determination and independence, particularly in view of the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council to be held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984. 4. On 12 April 1984, the Mission was received by Ms. Elsa Kelly, Secretary of State for International Affairs, and by Mr. Jorge Mauhourat, Under-Secretary of Political Affairs, and on 13 April by the members of the External Relations Committee of the House of Representatives. 5. The Mission held extensive discussions with the delegation from the Ministry of External Relations and Worship of Argentina headed by Mr. Mauhourat. 6. Both the Government of Argentina and the Mission declared that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, by which the Council had endorsed the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, was the only basis for a negotiated settlement of the question of Namibia and demanded its immediate and unconditional implementation. 7. The Government of Argentina and the Mission welcomed Security Council resolution 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, by which the Council had, inter alia, clearly and categorically rejected the so-called linkage as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978) and declared that the independence of Namibia could not be held hostage to the resolution of issues that were alien to resolution 435 (1978), other decisions of the Security Council on Namibia and the resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960. 8. Both the Government of Argentina and the Mission denounced South Africa for obstructing the implementation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) and of Council resolution 532 (1983) of 31 May 1983 and condemned the manoeuvres, in contravention of those resolutions, designed to consolidate the colonial situation at the expense of the legitimate aspirations of the Namibian people for genuine self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia. -247-

9. The Government of Argentina and the Mission affirmed their total commitment to support the heroic struggle of the Namibian people for their inalienable right to self-determination and independence, in accordance with all relevant resolutions of the United Nations, including General Assembly resolution 38/36 A of 1 December 1983. The Government of Argentina and the Mission declared their commitment to redouble their efforts to provide all necessary moral and material assistance to the Namibian people in the pursuit of their just and legitimate aspirations. 10. The Government of Argentina and the Mission denounced and condemned the illegal plunder of Namibia's natural resources in violation of United Nations resolutions, the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971 1/ and of the Council's Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia. 2/ The Government of Argentina and the Mission declared that such exploitation contributed to the maintenance of the illegal administration in Namibia and impeded the exercise by the Namibian people of their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. 11. The Government of Argentina and the Mission affirmed their firm support for the heroic struggle of the Namibian people for their inalienable right to self- determination and independence and declared their commitment to redouble their efforts to provide assistance to the Namibian people for the establishment of a free and democratic society in the Territory. In keeping with relevant resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, they recalled the role of SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people in the struggle for self- determination and national independence. 12. The Government of Argentina and the Mission denounced the unprecedented repression being waged by South Africa against the people of Namibia with the intention of establishing an atmosphere of total intimidation for the purpose of imposing upon the Namibian people a neo-colonial arrangement. 13. The Government of Argentina and the Mission concurred on the need to reinforce and intensify measures, including those contemplated in Chapter VII of the Charter, through concerted action by the international community in order to create conditions for the unfettered exercise by the Namibian people of their right to self-determination and independence. In this regard, they were of the view that the meetings of the Council to be held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984 would assume special significance. 14. The Government of Argentina reaffirmed its support for the Council as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence and for its unceasing efforts to secure its genuine independence. 15. Both the Government of Argentina and the Mission affirmed their position that Namibia's accession to independence must take place with its territorial integrity intact, including Walvis Bay and the offshore islands, and that they would regard any action to fragment the Territory as illegal, null and void. 16. The Government of Argentina reaffirmed its position that Namibia was the direct responsibility of the United Nations and rejected any attempts aimed at reaching a settlement without the participation of the United Nations. -248-

17. The Government of Argentina and the Mission affirmed their solidarity with the front-line States and condemned all actions aimed at their destabilization in order to force them to withdraw their support for the Namibian people's right to self-determination and independence. 18. The Mission expressed appreciation for the humanitarian and financial assistance which the Government of Argentina had extended to the United Nations Fund for Namibia, and expressed the hope that it would continue to increase such assistance as well as to extend bilateral humanitarian assistance to SWAPO. 19. The Mission expressed its appreciation to the Government of Argentina for its unswerving commitment to the cause of the liberation of Namibia, and it further expressed its deepest gratitude for the very warm welcome and generous hospitality extended to it by the Government and the people of Argentina during its stay at Buenos Aires. D. Decisions 1. Election of officers 1100. The election of officers for 1984 is described in paragraphs 1083-1090. 2. Seminars and symposia organized by the Council 1101. At its 405th meeting, on 14 October 1983, the Council approved the report of the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America (A/AC.131/L.300). 3. Report on the United Nations Fund for Namibia 1102. At its 406th meeting, on 21 October 1983, the Council approved the report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia on the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities under the General Account of the Fund (A/AC.131/96). At its 413th meeting, on 8 March 1984, the Council approved the Programme of Work of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia for 1984 (A/AC.131/lll). 4. Council's membership in international organizations 1103. At its 413th meeting, on 8 March 1984, the Council decided to become an associate member of the African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC) and a member of the Committee of World Food Security (A/AC.131/SR.413). 5. Reports of missions and delegations 1104. At its 420th meeting, on 24 May 1984, the Council took note with appreciation of the reports of its missions of consultation to the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg (A/AC.131/134); Japan, Australia and New Zealand; Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina (A/AC.131/132); and France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom (A/AC.131/133). -249-

6. Reports of Standing Committee II 1105. At its 423rd meeting, on 25 May 1984, the Council approved the reports prepared under the direction of Standing Committee II concerning political developments related to Namibia (A/AC.131/114), the military situation in and relating to Namibia (A/AC.131/119), social conditions in Namibia (A/AC.131/130), contacts between Member States and South Africa (A/AC.131/120) and the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia (A/AC.131/1l5). -250-

PART FOUR RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACTIVITIES INVOLVING FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS CHAPTER I RECOMMENDATIONS 1106. The United Nations Council for Namibia recommends to the General Assembly the adoption of the following draft resolutions on the question of Namibia: A Situation in Namibia resulting from the illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africa The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia 191/ and the relevant chapters of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 192/ Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Recalling, in particular, its resolutions 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966 and 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967 and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council relating to Namibia, as well as the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971, 1/ delivered in response to the request addressed to it by the Security Council in its resolution 284 (1970) of 29 July 1970, Recalling also its resolutions 3111 (XXVIII) of 12 December 1973 and 31/146 and 31/152 of 20 December 1976, by which it, inter alia, recognized the South West Africa People's Organization as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people and granted observer status to it, Recalling further its resolutions ES-8/2 of 14 September 1981 and 36/121 B of 10 December 1981, by which it called upon States to cease forthwith, individually and collectively, all dealings with South Africa in order totally to isolate it politically, economically, militarily and culturally, Taking note of Security Council resolutions 532 (1983) of 31 May 1983 and 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, Noting also the Final Communiqu6 of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting held at New Delhi from 23 to 29 November 1983, 193/ the resolution on Namibia adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its fortieth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 5 March 1984, 96/ the Final Communiqu4 of the Summit Meeting of the Front-line States, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, on 29 April 1984, 194/.the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on -251-

Namibia, 195/ adopted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 25 May 1984 at its extraordinary plenary meetings held at Bangkok, the resolution on Namibia adopted by the Organization of African Unity Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa at its forty-second session, held at Dar es Salaam from 30 August to 1 September 1984, and the Final Communiou6 of the Meeting of Ministers and Heads of Delegation of the Non-Aligned Countries to the thirty- ninth session of the General Assembly, held in New York from 1 to 5 October 1984, 196/ Welcoming the resolution on relations between the European Economic Community and Namibia adopted by the European Parliament on 22 May 1984, 197/ Strongly reiterating that the continuing illegal and colonial occupation of Namibia by South Africa, in defiance of repeated General Assembly and Security Council resolutions, constitutes an act of aggression against the Namibian people and a challenge to the authority of the United Nations, which has direct responsibility for Namibia until independence, Stressing the solemn responsibility of the international community to take all possible measures in support of the Namibian people in their liberation struggle under the leadership of their sole and authentic representative, the South West Africa People's Organization, Reaffirming its full support for the armed struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, to achieve self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia, and recognizing that 1984 marks the one hundredth year of heroic struggle of the Namibian people against colonial occupation, Indignant at South Africa's refusal to comply with repeated resolutions of the Security Council, in particular resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976, 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, 439 (1978) of 13 November 1978, 532 (1983) of 31 May 1983 and 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983, and at its manoeuvres aimed at perpetuating its brutal colonial domination and exploitation of the Namibian people, Deploring South Africa's intransigent stand and insistence on new pre-conditions and its demands for concessions from the South West Africa People's Organization which led to the failure of the Namibian independence talks held in 1984 at Lusaka and Mindelo, Commending the front-line States and the South West Africa People's Organization for the statesmanlike and constructive attitude which they have displayed in the efforts aimed at implementing Security Council resolution 435 (1978), Strongly condemning the racist r6gime of South Africa for developing a nuclear capability for military and aggressive purposes, Deeply concerned at the increasing militarization of Namibia, the forced conscription of Namibians, the creation of tribal armies and the use of mercenaries for the repression of the Namibian people and for carrying out aggression against neighbouring States, -252-

Noting with grave concern that, as a result of the Security Council's failure of 31 August 1981, 198/ on account of the veto of the United States of America, to exercise effectively its responsibilities, unprovoked armed aggression against Angola continues and parts of southern Angola are still under occupation by South African troops, Expressing its strong condemnation of South Africa's continuing acts of aggression against independent African States, particularly Angola, which have caused extensive loss of human life and destruction of economic infrastructures, Reaffirming that the resources of Namibia are the inviolable heritage of the Namibian people and that the exploitation of those resources by foreign economic interests under the protection of the illegal South African colonial r4gime, in violation of the Charter of the United Nations, of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council and of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 27 September 1974, and in disregard of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971, is illegal and encourages the occupation regime to be even more intransigent and defiant, Deeply deploring the continued collaboration with South Africa of certain Western States, in particular the United States of America, as well as that of Israel, in the political, military, economic and nuclear fields, in disregard of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, Deeply concerned at the continued assistance rendered to the racist Pretoria r4gime by certain international organizations and institutions, in particular the International Monetary Fund, in disregard of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, Indignant at the continuing arbitrary imprisonment and detention of leaders, members and supporters of the South West Africa People's Organization, the killing of Namibian patriots and other acts of brutality, including the wanton beating, torture and murder of innocent Namibians, and other inhuman measures by the illegal occupation r4gime designed to intimidate the Namibian people and to destroy their determination to fulfil their legitimate aspirations for self- determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia, Noting with grave concern that the Security Council has been prevented from taking effective action against South Africa in the discharge of its responsibilities under Chapter VII of the Charter on account of the vetoes cast by one or more of the Western permanent members of the Security Council, Commending the efforts of the United Nations Council for Namibia in the discharge of the responsibilities entrusted to it under the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, 1. Approves the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia; 191i 2. Takes special note of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia; -253-

3. Takes note of the debate on the question of Namibia held in the Security Council from 20 to 28 October 1983, culminating in the adoption of resolution 539 (1983), by which the Council rejected South Africa's insistence on linking the independence of Namibia to irrelevant and extraneous issues as incompatible with resolution 435 (1978) and declared that the independence of Namibia could not be held hostage to the resolution of issues that were alien to Security Council resolution 435 (1978)1 4. Further takes note of Security Council resolution 539 (1983) by which the Council decided, in the event of continued obstruction by South Africa, to consider the adoption of appropriate measures under the Charter of the United Nationsp 5. Reaffirms the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and as recognized in General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) and 2145 (XXI) and in subsequent resolutions of the Assembly relating to Namibia, as well as the legitimacy of their struggle by all the means at their disposal, including armed struggle, against the illegal occupation of their territory by South Africal 6. Reiterates that, in accordance with its resolution 2145 (XXI), Namibia is the direct responsibility of the United Nations until genuine self-determination and national independence are achieved in the Territory and, for this purpose, reaffirms the mandate given to the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence under resolution 2248 (S-V) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly; 7. Reaffirms that the South West Africa People's Organization, the national liberation movement of Namibia, is the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people; 8. Further reaffirms that the genuine independence of Namibia can be achieved only with the direct and full participation of the South West Africa People's Organization in all efforts to implement resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia; 9. Strongly condemns the South African rigime for its continued illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia; 10. Declares that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia constitutes an act of aggression against the Namibian people in terms of the Definition of Aggression contained in General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974 and supports the armed struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, to repel South Africa's aggression and to achieve self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia; 11. Reaffirms that Security Council resolution 435 (1978) remains the only acceptable basis for a peaceful settlement of the Namibian question and calls once again for its immediate and unconditional implementations -254-

12. Urges the Security Council to act decisively in fulfilment of the direct responsibility of the United Nations over Namibia and to take, without further delay, appropriate action to ensure that the United Nations plan, as contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), is not undermined or modified in any way and that it is fully respected and implemented) 13. Reiterates its conviction that South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia, its defiance of United Nations resolutions, its brutal repression of the Namibian people, its acts of destabilization and aggression against independent African States and its policies of apartheid constitute a threat to international peace and securityi 14. Expresses its dismay at the failure to date of the Security Council to discharge effectively its responsiblities for the maintenance of international peace and security owing to the opposition of its Western permanent members; 15. Declares that comprehensive mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations are the only effective measures to ensure South Africa's compliance with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations; 16. Denounces all fraudulent constitutional and political schemes through which the illegal racist rigime of South Africa may attempt to perpetuate its colonial domination of Namibia and, in particular, calls upon the international community, especially all Member States, to continue to refrain from according any recognition or extending any co-operation to any r4gime which the illegal South African administration may impose upon the Namibian people in disregard of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978), 439 (1978), 532 (1983) and 539 (1983) and of other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Council; 17. Condemns South Africa for its continued attempts to circumvent the United Nations plan for Namibia by promoting an internal settlement through the so- called Multi-Party Conference and declares that such attempts by the racist r4gime, immediately following the decision to establish a so-called State Council with the object of drawing up a "Constitution", once again make clear that Pretoria has no intention of complying with the letter and spirit of the United Nations plan and seeks, instead, to consolidate its illegitimate hold on the Territory through the installation of puppet political institutions subservient to its own interests; 18. Reaffirms that all such manoeuvres are fraudulent and null and void and that they must be rejected categorically by all States as called for in the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council; 19. Reiterates that there are only two parties to the conflict in Namibia, namely, the people of Namibia, led by their sole and authentic representative, the South West Africa People's Organization, on the one hand, and the illegal occupation r~gime of South Africa, on the other; 20. Further reiterates that all efforts must be deployed to counter any sinister manoeuvres aimed at circumventing the United Nations and undermining its primary responsibility for the decolonization of Namibia; -255-

21. Firmly rejects and condemns the persistent attempts by the United States of America and South Africa to establish a "linkage" or "parallelism" between the independence of Namibia and any extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola, and emphasizes unequivocally that all such attempts are designed to delay the decolonization process in Namibia and that they constitute interference in the internal affairs of Angola; 22. Expresses its appreciation to the front-line States and the South West Africa People's Organization for their statesmanlike and constructive attitude in the efforts aimed at implementing Security Council resolution 435 (1978); 23. Reaffirms its conviction that the solidarity and support of the front-line States for the Namibian cause continues to be a factor of paramount importance in the efforts to bring genuine independence to the Territory; 24. Strongly urges the international community to increase, as a matter of urgency, financial, material, military and political support to the front-line States so as to enable them to resolve their own economic difficulties, which are largely a consequence of Pretoria's policies of aggression and subversion, and to defend themselves better against South Africa's persistent attempts to destabilize theml 25. Commends the South West Africa People's Organization for its continued intensification of the struggle on all fronts, including the armed struggle, and for its commitment to embrace all Namibian patriots in an effort to strengthen further the national unity so as to ensure the territorial integrity and sovereignty of a united Namibia, and welcomes the consolidation of unity in action by the patriotic forces in Namibia under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, during the critical phase of their struggle for national and social liberation; 26. Reaffirms its solidarity with, and support for, the South West Africa People's Organization, the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people and pays tribute to that Organization for sacrifices it has made in the field of battle and also for the spirit of statemanship, co-operation and far-sightedness it has displayed in the political and diplomatic arena despite the most extreme provocations on the part of the racist Pretoria r4gime; 27. Welcomes the release of Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Secretary-General of the South West Africa People's Organization and other leaders of that Organization and considers it a victory for the international campaign; 28. Declares that all so-called laws and proclamations issued by the illegal occupation r4gime in Namibia are illegal, null and void) 29. Calls upon Member States and the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to render sustained and increased support as well as material, financial, military and other assistance to the South West Africa People's Organization so as to enable it to intensify its struggle for the liberation of Namibia; -256-

30. Urges all Governments and the specialized agencies and other intergovernmental organizations to provide increased material assistance to the thousands of Namibian refugees who have been forced by the apartheid r~gime's oppressive policies to flee Namibia, especially into the neighbouring front-line States; 31. Solemnly reaffirms that Namibia's accession to independence must be with its territorial integrity intact, including Walvis Bay and the offshore islands, and reiterates that, in accordance with the resolutions of the United Nations, in particular Security Council resolution 432 (1978) of 27 July 1978 and General Assembly resolutions S-9/2 of 3 May1978 and 35/227 A of 6 March 1981, any attempt by South Africa to annex them is, therefore, illegal, null and void; 32. Calls upon the Security Council to declare categorically that Walvis Bay is an integral part of Namibia and that the question should not be left as a matter for negotiation between an independent Namibia and South Africa; 33. Strongly condemns South Africa for obstructing the implementation of United Nations resolutions, in particular Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978), 439 (1978), 532 (1983) and 539 (1983), and for its manoeuvres, in contravention of those resolutions, designed to consolidate its colonial and neo- colonial interests at the expense of the legitimate aspirations of the Namibian people for genuine self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia; 34. Condemns racist South Africa for sabotaging the Namibian independence talks held in 1984 at Lusaka and Mindelo by insisting on the notorious "linkage" pre-condition and introducing new insidious subterfuge as alternatives to Security Council resolution 435 (1978); 35. Condemns and rejects the puppet "Multi-party Conference" as the latest in a series of political strategems through which Pretoria attempts to impose a neo-colonial settlement in Namibia; 36. Strongly urges the Security Council to act decisively against any dilatory manoeuvres and fraudulent schemes of the illegal occupation regime aimed at frustrating the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people, under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, for self-determination and national liberation; 37. Condemns the increased assistance rendered by the major Western countries and Israel to South Africa in the political, economic, financial and particularly the military and nuclear fields, expresses its conviction that this assistance constitutes a hostile action against the people of Namibia and the front- line States since it is bound to strengthen further the aggressive military machine of the racist r~gime, and therefore demands that such assistance be immediately terminated; 38. Denounces the establishment of the so-called Liaison Office of the United States Government at Windhoek in direct violation of relevant resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, in particular Security Council resolutions 283 (1970) of 29 July 1970 and 301 (1971) of 20 October 1971, and in total disregard of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971, 1/ and calls for its immediate closure and withdrawal; -257-

39. Calls once again upon all Governments, especially those which have close links with South Africa, to support, in co-operation with the United Nations Council for Namibia, the actions of the United Nations to defend the national rights of the Namibian people until independence; 40. Strongly condemns South Africa for its military build-up in Namibia, its introduction of compulsory military service for Namibians, its recruitment and training of Namibians for tribal armies, its use of mercenaries to suppress the Namibian people and to carry out its military attacks against independent African States, its threats and acts of subversion and aggression against those States and the forcible displacement of Namibians from their homes; 41. Strongly condemns South Africa for its recent imposition of military conscription of all Namibian males between seventeen and fifty-five years of age into the occupying colonial army, in yet another sinister attempt to suppress the national liberation struggle of the Namibian people and to force Namibians to kill one another, and declares that all measures taken by racist South Africa by which the illegal occupation r~gime attempts to enforce military conscription in Namibia are illegal, null and void; 42. Condemns the racist r~gime of South Africa for its use of the territory of Namibia as a staging ground from which to launch acts of subversion, destabilization and aggression against neighbouring African States; 43. Strongly condemns South Africa, in particular for its persistent acts of subversion and aggression against Angola, including continued occupation of parts of Angolan territory in gross violation of its sovereignty, and calls upon South Africa to cease all acts of aggression against Angola and withdraw immediately and unconditionally all its troops from that country; 44. Condemns the continuing military and nuclear collaboration on the part of certain Western States and Israel with the racist r6gime of South Africa, in violation of the arms embargo imposed against South Africa under Security Council resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977; 45. Declares that such collaboration encourages the Pretoria regime in its defiance of the international community and obstructs efforts to eliminate apartheid and bring South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia to an end and calls for immediate cessation of such collaboration; 46. Calls upon the Security Council to adopt the necessary measures to tighten the arms embargo imposed against South Africa under Council resolution 418 (1977) and to ensure strict compliance with the embargo by all States; 47. Further calls upon the Security Council to implement, as a matter of urgency, the recommendations contained in the report of the Security Council Committee established in pursuance of resolution 421 (1977) concerning the question of South Africa; 98/ 48. Expresses its grave concern at the acquisition of nuclear weapons capability by the racist r~gime of South Africa and declares that such accuisition constitutes a threat to peace and security in Africa while posing a danger to all mankind; -258-

49. Strongly condemns the collusion between South Africa, Israel and certain Western States, particularly the United States of America, in the nuclear field and calls upon France and all other States to refrain from supplying the racist minority r6gime of South Africa, directly or indirectly, with installations that might enable it to produce uranium, plutonium or other nuclear materials, reactors or military equipment; 50. Reiterates its call upon all States to take legislative and other appropriate measures to prevent the recruitment, training and transit of mercenaries for service in Namibia; 51. Strongly condemns the illegal occupation r6gime of South Africa for its massive repression of the people of Namibia and their liberation movement, the South West Africa People's Organization, in an attempt to intimidate and terrorize them into submission; 52. Demands once again that South Africa immediately release all Namibian political prisoners, including all those imprisoned or detained under the so-called internal security laws, martial law or any other arbitrary measures, whether such Namibians have been charged or tried or are being held without charge in Namibia or South Africa; 53. Demands that South Africa account for all "disappeared" Namibians and release any who are still alive and declares that South Africa shall be liable to compensate the victims, their families and the future lawful Government of an independent Namibia for the losses sustained; 54. Reaffirms that the natural resources of Namibia are the inviolable heritage of the Namibian people and expresses its deep concern at the rapid depletion of the natural resources of the Territory, particularly its uranium deposits, as a result of their reckless plunder by South Africa and certain Western and other foreign economic interests, in violation of the pertinent resolutions of the General Assembly and of the Security Council, of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 July 1971 1/ and of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia; 2/ 55. Strongly condemns the activites of all foreign economic interests operating in Namibia which are illegally exploiting the resources of the Territory and demands that transnational corporations engaged in such exploitation comply with all the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations by immediately refraining from any new investment or any other activity in Namibia, by withdrawing from the Territory and by putting an end to their co-operation with the illegal South African administration; 56. Declares that all activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia are illegal under international law and that all the foreign economic interests operating in Namibia are liable to pay damages to the future lawful Government of an independent Namibia; 57. Requests once again all Member States, particularly those States whose corporations are engaged in the exploitation of Namibian resources, to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and enforcement action, to ensure the full application of, and compliance by all corporations and individuals within their jurisdiction with, the provisions of Decree No. I for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia; -259-

58. Declares that, by their depletive exploitation of natural resources and continued accumulation and repatriation of huge profits, the foreign economic, financial and other interests operating in Namibia constitute a major obstacle to its independence; 59. Calls upon the Governments of all States, particularly those whose corporations are involved in the mining and processing of Namibian uranium, to take all appropriate measures in compliance with United Nations resolutions and decisions and Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, including the practice of requiring negative certificates of origin, to prohibit State-owned and other corporations, together with their subsidiaries, from dealing in Namibian uranium and from engaging in any uranium-prospecting activities in Namibia; 60. Urges the United Nations Council for Namibia, in its capacity as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, to consider the promulgation of additional decrees and other legislation in order to protect and promote the interest of the people of Namibia and to implement effectively such legislation; 61. Requests the Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which operate the Urenco uranium-enrichment plant, to have Namibian uranium specifically excluded from the Treaty of Almelo, which regulates the activities of Urenco; 62. Calls upon all specialized agencies, in particular the International Monetary Fund, to terminate all collaboration with and assistance to the racist r6gime of South Africa, since such assistance serves to augment the military capability of the Pretoria r6gime thus enabling it not only to continue the brutal repression in Namibia and South Africa itself, but also to commit blatant aggression against independent neighbouring States; 63. Reiterates its request to all States, pending the imposition of mandatory sanctions against South Africa, to take legislative, administrative and other measures unilaterally and collectively, as appropriate, in order effectively to isolate South Africa politically, economically, militarily and culturally, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions ES-8/2 and 36/121 B and 37/233 A of 20 December 1982; 64. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in implementation of paragraph 15 of General Assembly resolution ES-8/2 and of the relevant provisions of Assembly resolutions 36/121 B and 37/233 A, to continue to monitor the boycott of South Africa and to submit to the Assembly at its fortieth session a comprehensive report on all contacts between Member States and South Africa, containing an analysis of the information received from Member States and other sources on the continuing political, economic, financial and other relations of States and their economic and other interest groups with South Africa and of measures taken by States to terminate all dealings with the racist r6gime of South Africa; 65. Requests all States to co-operate fully with the United Nations Council for Namibia in the fulfilment of its task concerning the implementation of General Assembly resolutions ES-8/2, 36/121 B and 37/233 A and to report to the Secretary-General by the fortieth session of the Assembly on the measures taken by them in the implemenation of those resolutions; -260-

66. Declares that the liberation struggle in Namibia is a conflict of an international character in terms of article 1, paragraph 4, of Additional Protocol I 199/ to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 94/ and, in this regard, demands that the Conventions and Additional Protocol I be applied by South Africa, and in particular that all captured freedom fighters be accorded prisoner-of-war status as called for by the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War 97/ and Additional Protocol thereto; 67. Declares that South Africa's defiance of the United Nations, its illegal occupation of the Territory of Namibia, its war of repression against the Namibian people, its persistent acts of aggression against independent African States, its policies of apartheid and its development of nuclear weapons constitute a serious threat to international peace and security; 68. Strongly urges the Security Council, in the light of the serious threat to international peace and security posed by South Africa, to respond positively to the overwhelming demand of the international community by immediately imposing comprehensive mandatory sanctions against that country, as provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations; 69. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fortieth session on the implementation of the present resolution. B Implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) The General Assembly, Indignant at South Africa's refusal to comply with Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976, 431 (1978) of 27 July 1978, 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978, 439 (1978) of 13 November 1978, 532 (1983) of 31 May 1983 and 539 (1983) of 28 October 1983 and at its manoeuvres aimed at gaining international recognition for illegitimate groups which it has installed in Namibia, and which are subservient to Pretoria's interests, in order to maintain its policies of domination and exploitation of the people and natural resources of Namibia, Reaffirming the imperative need to proceed without any further delay with the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which, together with Council resolution 385 (1976), is the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the question of Namibia, Condemning the attempts by South Africa and the United States of America to continue to deny the Namibian people their inalienable right to self-determination and independence by linking the independence of Namibia with totally irrelevant and extraneous issues, Reaffirming that the Cuban forces are in Angola by a sovereign act of the Government of Angola, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, and that the attempts to link their presence in that country with Namibia's independence constitute interference in the internal affairs of Angola, -261-

Reaffirming that the only parties to the conflict in Namibia are, on the one hand, the Namibian people represented by the South West Africa People's Organization, their sole and authentic representative, and, on the other, the racist r6gime of South Africa, which illegally occupies Namibia, Recalling its request to the Security Council, in the light of the serious threat to international peace and security posed by South Africa, to respond positively to the overwhelming demand of the international community by immediately imposing comprehensive mandatory sanctions against that country as provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter, Recalling its call upon all States, in view of the threat to international peace and security posed by South Africa, to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against that country in accordance with the provisions of the Charter, 200/ Taking note of the further reports of the Secretary-General dated 19 May 1983, L1/ 29 August 1983 14/ and 29 December 1983 16/ concerning the implementation of Security Council resolutions 435 (1978) and 439 (1978) on the question of Namibia, 1. Strongly condemns South Africa for obstructing the implementation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978), 439 (1978), 532 (1983) and 539 (1983) and for its manoeuvres, in contravention of those resolutions, designed to consolidate its colonial and neo-colonial interests at the expense of the legitimate aspirations of the Namibian people for genuine self-determination, freedom and national independence in a united Namibia; 2. Reaffirms the direct responsiblity of the United Nations for Namibia pending its achievement of genuine self-determination and national independence; 3. Reiterates that Security Council resolution 435 (1978), in which the Council endorsed the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia, is the only basis for a peaceful settlement of the question of Namibia and demands its immediate and unconditional implementation without qualification, modification or amendment or the introduction of extraneous and irrelevant issues such as "linkage", "parallelism" or "reciprocity" insisted upon by the United States of America and South Africa; 4. Strongly condemns racist South Africa for sabotaging the Namibian independence talks held in 1984 at Lusaka and Mindelo by insisting on the notorious "linkage" pre-condition and introducing new insidious subterfuge as alternatives to Security Council resolution 435 (1978); 5. Condemns the continuing attempts by racist South Africa to set up puppet political institutions and impose an "internal settlement" in Namibia, in defiance of United Nations resolutions and decisions and, in this context, condemns and rejects the puppet "Multi-Party Conference" as the latest in a series of political stratagems through which Pretoria attempts to impose a neo-colonial settlement in Namibia; 6. Emphasizes once again that the only parties to the conflict in Namibia are, on the one hand, the Namibian people represented by the South West Africa People's Organization, their sole and authentic representative, and, on the other, the racist r~gime of South Africa, which illegally occupies Namibia; -262-

7. Demands that South Africa urgently comply fully and unconditionally with the resolutions of the Security Council, in particular resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) and subsequent resolutions of the Council relating to Namibia; 8. Firmly rejects and condemns the persistent attempts by the United States of America and South Africa to establish a linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and any extraneous and irrelevant issues, in particular the presence of Cuban forces in Angola, and emphasizes unequivocally that all such attempts are designed to delay the decolonization process in Namibia and that they constitute interference in the internal affairs of Angola; 9. Demands that racist South Africa and the United States Administration desist from their reprehensible positions in order to allow Namibia to attain its long overdue independence; 10. Calls upon all States to condemn and reject any attempt to link the independence of Namibia with extraneous and irrelevant issues; 11. Expresses its dismay at the fact that the Security Council has been prevented by its three Western permanent members from adopting effective measures against South Africa in the discharge of its responsibilities for the maintenance of international peace and security, and considers that comprehensive and mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations would ensure South Africa's compliance with the decisions of the United Nations; 12. Requests the Security Council to exercise its authority with regard to the implementation of its resolutions 385 (1976), 435 (1978), 532 (1983) and 539 (1983) so as to bring about the independence of Namibia without further delay, and to act decisively against any dilatory manoeuvres and fraudulent schemes of the South African administration in Namibia aimed at frustrating the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people for independence; 13. Urges the Security Council to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter, in order to ensure the total cessation of all co-operation with that rigime, particularly in the military and nuclear fields, by Governments, corporations, institutions and individuals; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fortieth session on the implementation of the present resolution. C Programme of work of the United Nations Council for Namibia The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, 191/ Reaffirming that Namibia is the direct responsibility of the United Nations and that the Namibian people must be enabled to attain self-determination and independence in a united Namibia, -263-

Recalling its resolution 2248 (S-V) of 19 May1967, by which it established the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, Taking into consideration the Bangkok Declaration and the Programme of Action on Namibia, 195/ adopted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 25 May 1984 at its extraordinary plenary meetings held at Bangkok, Convinced of the need for continued consultations with the South West Africa People's Organization in the formulation and implementation of the programme of work of the United Nations Council for Namibia, as well as in any matter of interest to the Namibian people, Deeply conscious of the urgent and continuing need to press for the termination of South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and to put an end to its repression of the Namibian people and its exploitation of the natural resources of the Territory, 1. Approves the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, including the recommendations contained therein, and decides to make adequate financial provision for their implementation; 2. Expresses its strong support for the efforts of the United Nations Council for Namibia in the discharge of the responsibilities entrusted to it both as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia and as a policy-making organ of the United Nations; 3. Requests all Member States to co-operate fully with the United Nations Council for Namibia in the discharge of the mandate entrusted to it under the provisions of General Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V) and subsequent resolutions of the Assembly; 4. Decides that the United Nations Council for Namibia, in the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence, shall: (a) Continue to mobilize international support in order to press for the speedy withdrawal of the illegal South African administration from Namibia in accordance with the resolutions of the United Nations relating to Namibia; (b) Counter the policies of South Africa against the Namibian people and against the United Nations, as well as against the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia; (c) Denounce and seek the rejection by all States of all fraudulent constitutional or political schemes through which South Africa may attempt to perpetuate its presence in Namibia; (d) Ensure non-recognition of any administration or entity installed at Windhoek not issuing from free elections in Namibia conducted under the supervision and control of the United Nations, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, in particular resolution 439 (1978) of 13 November 1978; (e) Undertake a concerted effort to counter the attempts to establish linkage or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and extraneous issues such as the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola; -264-

5. Decides further that in pursuance of the aforementioned objectives, the United Nations Council for Namibia shall: (a) Consult Governments in order to further the implementation of United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia and to mobilize support for the cause of Namibia; (b) Represent Namibia in United Nations conferences and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, bodies and conferences to ensure that the rights and interests of Namibia shall be adequately protected; 6. Decides that Namibia, represented by the United Nations Council for Namibia, shall participate as a full member in all conferences and meetings organized by the United Nations to which all States or, in the case of regional conferences and meetings, all African States are invited; 7. Requests all committees and other subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly and of the Economic and Social Council to continue to invite a representative of the United Nations Council for Namibia to participate whenever the rights and interests of Namibians are discussed, and to consult closely with the Council before submitting any draft resolution which may involve the rights and interests of Namibians; 8. Reiterates its request to all specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system to grant full membership to Namibia, represented by the United Nations Council for Namibia, so that the Council may participate as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia in the work of those agencies, organizations and institutions; 9. Reiterates its request to all specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have not yet done so to grant a waiver of the assessment of Namibia during the period in which it is represented by the United Nations Council for Namibia; 10. Again requests all intergovernmental organizations, bodies and conferences to ensure that the rights and interests of Namibia are protected and to invite Namibia, represented by the United Nations Council for Namibia, to participate as a full member whenever such rights and interests are involved; 11. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia in its capacity as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia, to accede to any international conventions as it may deem appropriate; 12. Takes note of the final communigu6 and conclusions and recommendations issued by the regional symposia and seminars organized by the United Nations Council for Namibia in 1984; 201/ 13. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to promote and secure the implementation of the Bangkok Programme of Action on Namibia; 195/ 14. Decides that the United Nations Council for Namibia shall: (a) Consult regularly with the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization by inviting them to New York and by sending high-level missions to the headquarters of that organization, as it deems appropriate, in order to review the progress of the liberation struggle in Namibia; -265-

(b) Review the progress of the liberation struggle in Namibia in its political, military and social aspects and prepare periodic reports related thereto; (c) Consider the compliance of Member States with the relevant United Nations resolutions relating to Namibia, taking into account the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 21 June 1971; l/ (d) Consider the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia with a view to recommending appropriate policies to the General Assembly in order to counter the support which those foreign economic interests give to the illegal South African administration in Namibia; (e) Continue to examine the exploitation of and trade in Namibia uranium by foreign economic interests and report on its findings to the General Assembly at its fortieth session; (f) Notify the Governments of States whose corporations, whether public or private, operate in Namibia of the illegality of such operations; (2) Send missions of consultation to Governments of States whose corporations have investments in Namibia in order to review with them all possible action to discourage the continuation of such investments; (h) Contact administering and managing bodies of corporations, tanker companies and other shipping interests involved in the illicit transportation and/or supply of petroleum and petroleum products to South Africa and Namibia; (i) Contact specialized agencies and other international institutions associated with the United Nations, in particular the International Monetary Fund, with a view to protecting Namibia's interests; (1) Draw the attention of the specialized agencies to Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 27 September 1974; (k) Take all measures to ensure compliance with the provisions of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, including consideration of the institution of legal proceedings in the domestic courts of States and other appropriate bodies; (1) Conduct hearings, seminars and workshops in order to obtain relevant information on all aspects of the situation in and relating to Namibia, in particular, the exploitation of the people and resources of Namibia by South African and other foreign interests and to expose such activities; (in) Organize regional symposia on the situation in Namibia with a view to intensifying active support for the Namibian cause; (n) Prepare and publish reports on the political, economic, military, legal and social situation in and relating to Namibia; (o) Secure the territorial integrity of Namibia as a unitary State, including Walvis Bay and the offshore islands of Namibia; -266-

15. Decides to make adequate financial provision in the section of the programme budget of the United Nations relating to the United Nations Council for Namibia to finance the office of the South West Africa People's Organization in New York in order to ensure appropriate representation of the people of Namibia at the United Nations through the South West Africa People's Organization; 16. Decides to continue to defray the expenses of representatives of the South West Africa People's Organization, whenever the United Nations Council for Namibia so decides; 17. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to continue to consult with the South West Africa People's Organization in the formulation and implementation of its programme of work, as well as in any matter of interest to the Namibian people; 18. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to facilitate the participation of the liberation movements, recognized by the Organization of African Unity, in meetings of the Council away from Headquarters, whenever such participation is deemed necessary; 19. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in the discharge of its responsibilities as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia, to hold a series of plenary meetings in Western Europe during 1985 and to recommend appropriate action to the General Assembly in the light of South Africa's refusal to implement Security Council resolution 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978; 20. Reauests the Secretary-General to defray the cost of the plenary meetings of the United Nations Council for Namibia and to provide the necessary staff and services for them; 21. Decides that, in order to expedite training of the personnel required for an independent Namibia, qualified Namibians should be given opportunities to develop further their skills in the work of the United Nations Secretariat and the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, and authorizes the United Nations Council for Namibia, in consultation with the South West Africa People's Organization, to take, on an urgent basis, necessary action towards that end; 22. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, to review the requirements of personnel and facilities of all units which service the Council so that the Council may fully and effectively discharge all tasks and functions arising out of its mandate; 23. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia with the necessary resources in order for it to strengthen, under the guidance of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the assistance programmes and services for Namibians, the implementation of Decree No. I for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, the preparation of economic and legal studies and the existing activities of dissemination of information undertaken by the Office. -267-

Dissemination of information and mobilization of international public opinion in support of Namibia The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia 191/ and the relevant chapters of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 192/ Recalling its resolutions 2145 (XXI) of 27 October 1966, 2248 (S-V) of 19 May 1967 and 38/36 A to F of 1 December 1983, as well as all other resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council relating to Namibia, Taking into consideration the Paris Declaration on Namibia and the report of the Committee of the Whole and the Programme of Action on Namibia adopted at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, 18/ Taking into consideration the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia, 195/ adopted by the United Nations Council for Namibia on 25 May 1984 at its extraordinary plenary meetings held at Bangkok, Taking into consideration also the conclusions and recommendations adopted at the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Jos6 from 16 to 19 August 1983, 61/ the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984, 202/ the Seminar on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984, 203/ the Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984, 204/ and the final communiqu4 of the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984, 205/ Deploring the continued assistance rendered by Israel and certain Western States, especially the United States of America, to South Africa in the political, economic, military and cultural fields and expressing its conviction that this assistance should be exposed by the United Nations Council for Namibia by all means available to it, Stressing the urgent need to mobilize international public opinion on a continuous basis with a view to assisting effectively the people of Namibia in the achievement of self-determination, freedom and independence in a united Namibia and, in particular, to intensify the world-wide and continuous dissemination of information on the struggle for liberation being waged by the people of Namibia under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, their sole and authentic representative, -268-

Recognizinq the important role that non-governmental organizations are playing in the dissemination of information on Namibia and in the mobilization of international public opinion in support of the Namibian cause, Reiterating the importance of publicity as an instrument for furthering the mandate given by the General Assembly to the United Nations Council for Namibia and mindful of the pressing need for the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat to intensify its efforts to acquaint world public opinion with all aspects of the question of Namibia, in accordance with policy guidelines formulated by the Council, 1. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in pursuance of its international campaign in support of the struggle of the Namibian people for independence, to continue to consider ways and means of increasing the dissemination of information relating to Namibia; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, in all its activities of dissemination of information on the question of Namibia, follows the policy guidelines laid down by the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to direct the Department of Public Information, in addition to its responsibilities relating to southern Africa, to assist, as a matter of priority, the United Nations Council for Namibia in the implementation of its programme of dissemination of information in order that the United Nations may intensify its efforts to generate publicity and disseminate information with a view to mobilizing public support for the independence of Namibia, particularly in the Western States; 4. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to continue to organize journalists' encounters prior to the activities of the Council during 1985, in order to mobilize further international public support for the just struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, their sole and authentic representative; 5. Decides to intensify its international campaign in support of the cause of Namibia and to expose and denounce the collusion of the United States of America, certain other Western countries and Israel with the South African racists and, to this end, requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to include in its programme of dissemination of information for 1985 the following activities: (a) Preparation and dissemination of publications on the political, economic, military and social consequences of the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa, as well as on legal matters, on the question of the territorial integrity of Namibia and on contacts between Member States and South Africa; (b) Production and dissemination of radio programmes in the English, French, German and Spanish languages designed to draw the attention of world public opinion to the current situation in and around Namibia; (c) Production of material for publicity through radio and television broadcasts; -269-

(d) Placement of advertisements in newspapers and magazines; (e) Production of films, film-strips and slide sets on Namibia; (f) Production and dissemination of posters; (%) Full utilization of the resources related to press releases, press conferences and press briefings in order to maintain a constant flow of information to the public on all aspects of the question of Namibia; (h) Production and dissemination of a comprehensive economic map of Namibia; (i) Production and dissemination of booklets on the activities of the Council; (1) Preparation and wide dissemination of a booklet containing resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council relating to Namibia, together with relevant portions of Assembly resolutions on the activities of foreign economic interests in Namibia and on military activities in Namibia; (k) Publicity for and distribution of an indexed reference book on transnational corporations which plunder the natural and human resources of Namibia, and on the profits extracted from the Territory; (1) Preparation and dissemination of a booklet based on a study on the implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 2/ enacted by the Council on 27 September 1974; (m) Acquisition of books, pamphlets and other materials relating to Namibia for further dissemination; 6. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to organize an international conference at United Nations Headquarters in 1985 with the participation of prominent personalities, parliamentarians, scholars, support groups and others from all parts of the world, in order to mobilize and strengthen further international support for the just cause and heroic struggle of the Namibian people, led by their sole and authentic representative, the South West Africa People's Organization; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to allocate, in consultation with the United Nations Council for Namibia, sales numbers to publications on Namibia selected by the Council; 8. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the United Nations Council for Namibia with the work programme of the Department of Public Information for the year 1985 covering the activities of dissemination of information on Namibia, followed by periodic reports on the programmes undertaken, including details of expenses incurred; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to group under a single heading, in the section of the proposed programme budget of the United Nations for the biennium 1985- 1986 relating to the Department of Public Information, all the activities of the Department relating to the dissemination of information on -270-

Namibia, and to direct the Department of Public Information to present to the United Nations Council for Namibia a detailed report on the utilization of the allocated funds; 10. Requests the Secretary-General to direct the Department of Public Information to disseminate the list of prisoners in Namibia; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to direct the Department of Public Information to give the widest possible publicity and to disseminate information on the commemoration of a century of heroic struggle of the Namibian people against colonial occupation; 12. Requests Member States to broadcast programmes on their national radio and television networks and to publish material in their official news media, informing their populations about the situation in and around Namibia and the obligation of Governments and peoples to assist in the struggle of Namibia for independence; 13. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in co-operation with the Department of Public Information and the Department of Conference Services of the Secretariat, to continue to inform and provide information material to leading opinion makers, media leaders, academic institutions, trade unions, cultural organizations, support groups and other concerned persons and non-governmental organizations about the objectives and functions of the United Nations Council for Namibia and the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization and also to hold consultations with, and seek the co-operation of, those personalities and institutions by inviting them on special occasions to participate in the deliberations of the Council, and to continue to establish for this purpose a regular and expeditious pattern of distribution of information material to political parties, universities, libraries, churches, students, teachers, professional associations and others falling into the general categories enumerated above; 14. Requests all Member States to commemorate and publicize Namibia Day and to issue special postage stamps for the occasion; 15. Requests the Secretary-General to direct the United Nations Postal Administration to issue a special postage stamp on Namibia by the end of 1985 in commemoration of Namibia Day; 16. Calls upon the United Nations Council for Namibia to enlist the support of non-governmental organizations in its efforts to mobilize international public opinion in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people and of their sole and authentic representative, the South West Africa People's Organization; 17. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to prepare, update and continually disseminate lists of non-governmental organizations from all over the world, in particular those in the major Western countries, in order to ensure better co-operation and co-ordination among non-governmental organizations working in support of the Namibian cause and against apartheid; 18. Requests those non-governmental organizations and support groups that are actively engaged in supporting the struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of the South West Africa People's Organization, their -271- sole and authentic representative, to continue to intensify, in co-operation with the United Nations Council for Namibia, international action in support of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, including assistance to the Council in the monitoring of the boycott of South Africa called for in General Assembly resolution ES-8/2 of 14 September 1981; 19. Decides to allocate the sum of $300,000 to be used by the United Nations Council for Namibia for its programme of co-operation with non-governmental organizations, including support to conferences in solidarity with Namibia arranged by those organizations, dissemination of conclusions of such conferences and support to such other activities as will promote the cause of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, subject to decisions of the Council in each individual case taken in consultation with the South West Africa People's Organization. E United Nations Fund for Namibia The General Assembly, Having examined the parts of the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia relating to the United Nations Fund for Namibia, 206/ Recalling its resolution 2679 (XXV) of 9 December 1970, by which it established the United Nations Fund for Namibia, Recalling also its resolution 3112 (XXVIII) of 12 December 1973, by which it appointed the United Nations Council for Namibia trustee of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, Recalling its resolution 31/153 of 20 December 1976, by which it decided to launch the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, Recalling further its resolution 34/92 A of 12 December 1979, by which it approved the Charter of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, and its resolution 37/233 E of 20 December 1982, by which it approved amendments to the Charter, 207/ 1. Takes note of the relevant parts of the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia; 2. Decides that the United Nations Council for Namibia shall: (a) Continue to formulate policies of assistance to Namibians and co-ordinate assistance for Namibia provided by the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system; (b) Continue to act as trustee of the United Nations Fund for Namibia, and, in this capacity, administer and manage the Fund; (c) Continue to provide broad guidelines and formulate principles and policies for the United Nations Institute for Namibia; -272-

(d) Continue to co-ordinate, plan and direct the Nationhood Programme for Namibia in consultation with the South West Africa People's Organization, with the aim of consolidating all measures of assistance by the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system into a comprehensive assistance programme; (e) Continue to consult with the South West Africa People's Organization in the formulation and implementation of assistance programmes for Namibians; (f) Report to the General Assembly at its fortieth session on the programmes and activities undertaken through the United Nations Fund for Namibia; 3. Decides that the United Nations Fund for Namibia, which comprises the General Account, the United Nations Institute for Namibia Account and the Nationhood Programme Account, shall be the primary source of assistance to Namibians; 4. Expresses its appreciation to all States, specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that have made contributions to the United Nations Fund for Namibia to support the activities under the General Account, the activities of the United Nations Institute for Namibia and the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and calls upon them to increase their assistance to Namibians through those channels; 5. Decides to allocate as a temporary measure to the United Nations Fund for Namibia the sum of $1 million from the regular budget of the United Nations for 1985; 6. Reauests the Secretary-General and the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia to intensify appeals to Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals for more generous voluntary contributions to the General Account, the Nationhood Programme Account and the United Nations Institute for Namibia Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia in view of the increased activities undertaken through the Fund, and, in this connection, emphasizes the need for contributions in order to increase the number of scholarships awarded to Namibians under the United Nations Fund for Namibia; 7. Invites Governments to appeal once more to their national organizations and institutions for voluntary contributions to the United Nations Fund for Namibia; 8. Requests the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, in order to mobilize additional resources, to formulate, in consultation with the South West Africa People's Organization, a programme of assistance to the Namibian people to be undertaken by means of projects co-financed by Governments and non-governmental organizations; 9. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system, in the light of the urgent need to strengthen the programme of assistance to the Namibian people, to make every effort to expedite the execution of Nationhood Programme for Namibia projects and other projects in favour of Namibians on the basis of procedures which will reflect the role of the United Nations Council for Namibia as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia; -273-

10. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system that have contributed to the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and calls upon them to continue their participation in the Programme by: (a) Implementing projects approved by the United Nations Council for Namibia; (b) Planning and initiating new project proposals in co-operation with, and at the request of, the Council; (c) Allocating funds from their own financial resources for the implementation of the projects approved by the Council; 11. Emphasizes the need for Namibians to gain practical on-the-job experience in various countries, and appeals to all Governments to make generous contributions to the United Nations Fund for Namibia to enable Namibians trained under various programmes to be placed in administrations and institutions in diverse countries, particularly in Africa; 12. Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Development Programme for its contribution to the financing and administration of the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the financing of the United Nations Institute for Namibia and calls upon it to continue to allocate, at the request of the United Nations Council for Namibia, funds from the indicative planning figure for Namibia for the implementation of the projects within the Nationhood Programme and for the United Nations Institute for Namibia; 13. Calls upon the United Nations Development Programme to raise the indicative planning figure for Namibia; 14. Expresses its appreciation for the assistance provided by the United Nations Children's Fund, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Food Programme to Namibian refugees and requests them to expand their assistance in order to provide for the basic needs of the refugees; 15. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system which have waived agency support costs in respect of projects in favour of Namibians, financed from the United Nations Fund for Namibia and other sources, and urges those that have not yet done so to take appropriate steps in this regard; 16. Notes with appreciation that agreement has been reached between the United Nations Development Programme and the organizations of the United Nations system to reduce overhead charges to 3.5 per cent for certain types of project costs financed from the United Nations Fund for Namibia; 17. Decides that Namibians shall continue to be eligible for assistance through the United Nations Educational and Training Programme for southern Africa and the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa; 18. Commends the progress made in the implementation of the pre-independence components of the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and requests the United Nations Council for Namibia to elaborate and consider policies and contingency plans regarding the transitional and post-independence phases of the Programme;

19. Commends the United Nations Institute for Namibia for the effectiveness of its training programmes for Namibians and its research activities on Namibia, which contribute substantially to the struggle for freedom of the Namibian people and to the establishment of an independent State of Namibia; 20. Urges the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system to co-operate closely with the United Nations Institute for Namibia in strengthening its programme of activities; 21. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, through the United Nations Institute for Namibia, to finalize and publish at an early date a comprehensive reference book on Namibia covering all aspects of the question of Namibia as considered by the United Nations since its inception, in accordance with an outline to be prepared by the Council; 22. Requests the United Nations Council for Namibia, in consultation with the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, to finalize and publish at an early date a demographic study of the Namibian population and a study of its educational needs; 23. Requests the United Nations Institute for Namibia to complete the preparation, in co-operation with the SoUth West Africa People's Organization, the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia and the United Nations Development Programme, of a comprehensive document on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia, and requests the Secretary- General to continue to provide substantive support through the Office of the Commissioner for the preparation of that document; 24. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia with the necessary resources for the performance of the responsibilities entrusted to it by the United Nations Council for Namibia as the co-ordinating authority for the implementation of the Nationhood Programme for Namibia, as well as other assistance programmes. -275-

CHAPTER II DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES WHICH WILL REQUIRE THE PREPARATION OF A STATEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS A. General 1107. In the light of the foregoing reconumendations and subject to further directives that might be given by the General Assembly at its thirty-ninth session, the United Nations Council for Namibia, established in pursuance of Assembly resolution 2248 (S-V), will continue to carry out its mandate as the legal Administering Authority for Namibia until independence. 1108. The Council notes that, in accordance with rule 153 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, certain of its recommendations contained in chapter I above will require preparation by the Secretary-General of a statement of administrative and financial implications. In order to assist with the preparation of this statement, the Council has decided, as in the past, to provide further information regarding some of its recommendations. B. Activities of the Council regarding compliance by States with General Assembly resolution ES-8/2 and other relevant resolutions relating to Namibia 1109. In order to fulfil its responsibilities for the monitoring of the boycott and the preparation of a comprehensive report for the General Assembly at its fortieth session as mentioned in paragraph 64 of recommendation A, as well as the activities envisaged in paragraph 14 (c) of recommendation C, regarding the compliance of Member States with United Nations resolutions relating to Namibia, the Council would request the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary resources. 1110. The preparation of the necessary reports would include the compilation of information, preparation of questionnaires to be sent to all States, analysis of replies and follow-up on activities undertaken by States in compliance with United Nations resolutions on Namibia. C. Missions of consultation with Governments and representation of Namibia at international conferences and other forums 1111. In fulfilment of paragraphs 5 (a) and 14 (g) of recommendation C, it is expected that during 1985 the Council would undertake three missions to conduct consultations with Governments in Europe, Africa and Asia. The mission to Europe would, where appropriate, include discussions with Governments of possible action to discourage continuation of investments by their corporations in Namibia. It is expected that the chairmen of these missions of consultation would report to the Council at the extraordinary plenary meetings. 1112. The Council would also dispatch a high-level mission to Africa for consultations with the Chairman and other officials of OAU. This mission would report on the results of its consultations to the Council at its extraordinary plenary meetings. -276- 1113. It is anticipated that each mission mentioned in paragraphs 1111 and 1112 would consist of five Council members and a representative of SWAPO. The missions would be serviced by a principal secretary and a secretary. The duration of each mission would be from one to three weeks. 1114. In implementation of paragraph 14 (a) of recommendation C, the Council would dispatch at least two high-level missions to the headquarters of SWAPO for consultations with the leaders of SWAPO and would invite up to three SWAPO leaders to New York for a period of one to two weeks, in order to review the progress of the liberation struggle in Namibia. It is anticipated that the high- level missions would consist of up to three members of the Council and a representative of the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia. The missions would be serviced by a principal secretary and a secretary. The duration of each mission would be from one to two weeks. 1115. In the implementation of paragraph 5 (b) of recommendation C, it is expected that the Council would represent Namibia at meetings of OAU, where it has permanent observer status, and at meetings of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, where it has guest status. The Council would also participate in meetings of the specialized agencies and international organizations associated with the United Nations, United Nations conferences and other international conferences and meetings according to the priorities of its programme of work. These missions would include up to three Council members, a representative of SWAPO and not more than two staff members at conferences of those specialized agencies in which the Council is a full member; and at international conferences in which the Council is not a full member, up to three Council members, a representative of SWAPO and at least one staff member. It is anticipated that there would be 40 such missions in 1985 with a duration of seven days of meetings where the Council has observer or guest status or participates as an associate member, and up to three weeks for meetings where the Council participates as a full member. 1116. In particular, included in the above activities would be attendance by the Council, in its capacity as a full member, at meetings of the preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea, UNCTAD, UNIDO, the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ILO, FAO, UNESCO, ITU and IAEA. Similarly, the Council would participate in the activities of other organizations, such as WHO, of which it is an associate member. 1117. In accordance with paragraphs 8 and 10 of recommendation C, full membership for Namibia in various organizations would be sought. If Namibia, represented by the Council, acquires full membership in new organizations, this could entail payment of the appropriate membership fee or contribution. In order to fulfil its responsibilities as a member of specialized agencies, the Council would request the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary resources. 1118. Furthermore, paragraph 11 of recommendation C requests the Council to accede to international conventions as appropriate. By acceding to the conventions, the Council assumes certain obligations which in some cases include the preparation of periodic reports. D. Studies on the political, economic, military, legal and social situation in and related to Namibia 1119. Paragraphs 14 (b), (d), (e) and (n) of recommendation C indicate that the Council would require at least five draft reports to be prepared by the secretariat -277- of the Council on the political, economic, military, legal and social situation in and related to Namibia. The economic report would include the question of uranium. In order to carry out these activities, the Council would request the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary resources. E. Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia and activities in respect of foreign economic interests in Namibia 1120. In accordance with paragraph 14 (k) of recommendation C, the Council would take all measures to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Decree, including consideration of the institution of legal proceedings in the domestic courts of States and other appropriate bodies. Feasibility studies have been prepared with regard to seven countries where corporations engaged in economic activities in Namibia are based. It is expected that in the near future the Council will consider the matter and take a decision. At that point, SUS 50,000 would be required to engage the services of two lawyers with international experience as consultants for a period of six months each, to co-ordiinate and prepare a comprehensive plan of action for the institution of legal proceedings in the domestic courts of the countries concerned. In addition, an estimated $US 250,000 would be required for further legal studies, remuneration to barristers in certain countries, and court costs. 1121. In its report (see A/AC.131/133) the Mission of the Council to Western Europe to Seek Legal Advice on the Implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia noted with satisfaction the amount of valuable material resulting from various studies on the implementation of the Decree and recommended that the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia prepare, as a matter of urgency, a compendium of reports and studies. The Commissioner's Office has informed the Council that this task could be carried out using existing resources. F. Mission to contact shipping interests which transport oil to South Africa and Namibia 1122. By paragraph 14 (h) of recommendation C, the Council would send a mission to contact administering and managing bodies of shipping interests which transport oil to South Africa and Namibia. 1123. The mission would be composed of three Council members and one representative each of SWAPO and the Commissioner's Office and would be serviced by a principal secretary and a secretary. The duration of the mission would be two weeks. G. Hearings, seminars and workshops on major issues concerning Namibia 1124. As envisaged in paragraph 14 (1) of recommendation C, the Council would hold two hearings/seminars/workshops during 1985, in order to obtain relevant information on the political, military, economic and social situation in Namibia, including the activities of foreign economic interests in the Territory. 1125. In this connection, the Council would require budgetary allocations to cover expenditures related to five days of hearings/seminars/workshops in Africa and -278-

Latin America for the production of transcripts of proceedings, the provision of meeting services and the production of pre-session, in-session and post-session documentation, and to the cost of inviting at least 30 experts to Africa and Latin America for each of the two hearings/seminars/workshops in 1985. In addition, provision would be required for the travel of a delegation of the Council consisting of the President and up to five members and of a representative of SWAPO and of the Office of the Commissi.ner, as well as of the appropriate Secretariat staff (not more than three Professional and three General Service staff). H. Regional symposia in support of the struggle of the Namibian people 1126. In accordance with paragraph 14 (m) ot recommendation C, the Council would hold, in 1985, two regional symposia, one in Asia and one in Eastern Europe, with the participation of individual experts, non-governmental organizations, national support groups and, where appropriate, parliamentarians and trade unionists, in order to mobilize concerted action in the various regions in support of the Namibian people. 1127. In this connection, the Council would require budgetary allocations to cover expenditures related to the envisaged symposia of up to five days' duration, for the provision of meeting services and the production of pre-session, in-session and post-session documentation and the cost of participation of at least one expert from each country of the two regions hosting the symposia for an estimated stay of five days each. In addition, provision would be required for the travel of a delegation of the Council consisting of the President and not more than five members and of a representative of the Office of the Commissioner and of SWAPO, as well as of the appropriate Secretariat staff (not more than three Professional and three General Service staff). I. Support for the South West Africa People's Organization 1128. In accordance with paragraph 15 of recommendation C, the General Assembly would decide to continue to defray the expenses of the SWAPO office in New York in order to ensure the proper representation of the people of Namibia through SWAPO at the United Nations. The requirements of SWAPO for 1985 would remain at the same level as in 1984, taking into account the inflation correction factor established for the regular budget of the United Nations, for the following items: (a) salaries; (b) rent; (c) telex; (d) telephone; (e) news agency service; (f) utilities (electricity, water, etc.); (g) rental of copying equipment; (h) stationery; (i) postage; (j) printing; (k) films, books, newspapers and periodicals (information purposes); (1) supply and delivery of official United Nations documents to the SWAPO office; and (m) official travel (expenses of the Permanent Observer and his Deputy). 1129. The General Assembly would also, by paragraph 16 of recommendation C, decide to continue to defray the expenses of SWAPO representatives whenever the Council so decided. 1130. The Council would continue to invite, whenever necessary, SWAPO officials based outside Headquarters to attend meetings dealing with matters of interest to the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, to the extent not otherwise covered by the budget for 1984 and 1985 with regard to the representation of SWAPO in missions of consultation of the Council and missions of the Council to attend -279- conferences and meetings. It is expected that approximately 20 persons would be invited to such meetings, each for an approximate duration of two weeks. J. Extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council 1131. In accordance with paragraphs 19 and 20 of recommendation C, the General Assembly would request the Council to hold extraordinary plenary meetings in Western Europe in 1985 and would reauest the Secretary-General to provide the staff and service for the meetings. The extraordinary plenary meetings would last five working days. In addition to provision for travel expenses of the President, the vice-presidents and the members of the Council and its secretariat staff as well as a representative of the Office of the Commissioner, the Department of Conference Services would be required in accordance with the United Nations guidelines covering the holding of meetings away from Headquarters, to make appropriate arrangements for pre-session, in-session and post-session documentation, meeting services and verbatim or summary records of the plenary meetings. Interpretation into six languages would be required for the 12 plenary meetings to be held during the five-day period and also for a committee which would meet simultaneously with the plenary. Arrangements for amplification and recording only, without interpretation, would be made for two other committee meetings. Arrangements would also be made for interpretation equipment, local staff, office equipment and supplies and local transportation. 1132. By paragraph 18 of resolution C, the Council would facilitate the participation of liberation movements, recognized by OAU in meetings of the Council away from Headquarters whenever such participation is necessary. K. Dissemination of information and mobilization of international public opinion in support of Namibia 1133. By paragraph 3 of recommendation D, the General Assembly would request the Secretary-General to direct the Department of Public Information to assist the Council in the implementation of its programme of dissemination of information. It is expected that the Department would, from its general budget, provide press, radio and television coverage and produce general publications, as appropriate, for regular, commemorative and extraordinary meetings of the Council. The Department would also provide press coverage, including a press officer who would accompany the missions, for the missions of consultation and the mission to contact shipping interests transporting oil to South Africa and Namibia. The duration of the missions would be from one to three weeks. 1134. The Department would hold an encounter for the mass media for about 15 journalists in advance of each Council seminar and symposium and the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council provided for by paragraphs 14 (1) and (m) of recommendation C and paragraph 6 of recommendation D. The Department would also be expected to prepare and publish a pamphlet on the results of the above-mentioned events. 1. Special publications, films and radio programmes 1135. In implementation of paragraph 5 of recommendation D, it is expected that in 1985 the following activities relating to the dissemination of information on the question of Namibia would be undertaken under the guidance of the Council, with the involvement, where necessary, of the Office of the Commissioner: -280-

(a) Preparation and dissemination of booklets, brochures and pamphlets dealing with (i) political matters; (ii) economic matters; (iii) the military situation; (iv) social conditions; (v) legal matters; (vi) the question of the territorial integrity of Namibia; and (vii) contacts between Member States and South Africa; (b) Production and dissemination of four series of radio programmes in the English, French, German and Spanish languages, with each series consisting of six 15-minute programmes; (c) Production of material for publicity through radio and television broadcasts; (d) Placement of 16 advertisements in major newspapers in connection with special activities of the Council; (e) Production of a full-length feature film, a film-strip and slide sets on Namibia; (f) Production and dissemination of four posters and dissemination of existing posters; (g) Production, including cartographic assistance at United Nations and FAO headquarters, and dissemination of a comprehensive economic map of Namibia on a scale of 1:1,000,000; and dissemination of existing United Nations maps of Namibia; (h) Production and distribution of four issues of the Namibia Bulletin and weekly production of "Namibia in the News", with a wider distribution as agreed upon in 1982; this would entail the acquisition of storage equipment and increased allocations for postage and shipping and the continuation of the subscription to the Africa service of an established press agency; (i) Production and dissemination of a booklet containing resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council on the question of Namibia, together with the relevant portions of resolutions dealing with the activities of foreign economic interests and military activities in Namibia, as well as the reprinting of existing United Nations booklets; (j) Publicity for and distribution of an indexed reference book on transnational corporations; (k) Preparation and dissemination of a booklet based on a study on the implementation of Decree No. I for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia; (1) Acquisition, reproduction and distribution of United Nations and non-United Nations materials, which would entail the procurement of appropriate documentation racks and pigeon-holes. The list of material would include the following: -281-

Materials required Publications Red folders a/ English Arabic French German Portuguese Spanish A publication on the political situation in and relating to Namibia (16 pages) A publication on the economic situation in and relating to Namibia (16 pages) A publication on the military situation in and relating to Namibia (updated) (15- 25 pages) A publication on the social conditions in Namibia (updated) (15-25 pages) A publication on some legal aspects of the question of Namibia (16 pages) "Walvis Bay - Namibia's Port": publication on the territorial integrity of Namibia A pamphlet on contacts between Member States and South Africa (16 pages) "Namibia: The Crisis in United States policy towards South Africa" (S/15781) (pamphlet) UN Chronicle, vol. XX, No. 06 (1983) UN Chronicle, vol. XX, No 07 (1983) Objective: Justice, vol. XV, No. 1 (June 1983) Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence (Paris, 25 to 29 April 1983) (5 pages) English Arabic French German Spanish ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto English French German Spanish English French Spanish English French German Spanish English Arabic French German Spanish -282- 1000020002000 ditto 000 000 000 000 150002000200020002000 Copies required

Materials required A publication on the Senate of the United Nations Institute for Namibia "Apartheid: The Facts" (International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (IDAF)) (booklet) Namibia; The facts (IDAF) (book of 100 pages) "Namibia: The Ravages of War" (IDAF) (booklet of 60 pages) To be born a Nation (book of 400 pages) Study Series 2: Nuclear capability of South Africa (pamphlet of 40 pages) "The Rdssing File" (Alun Roberts) (updated) (booklet of 60 pages) The Workers of Namibia (IDAF) (book of 135 pages) "Remember Kassinga" (IDAF) (booklet of 52 pages) Let us die fighting (book of 280 pages) (Zed Press/Akademie Verlag) "Apartheid's Army in Namibia" (IDAF) (booklet of 75 pages) Posters (pre-folded) *Namibia in Struggle" (IDAF) (kit of 18 sheets) SWAPO poster (to be designed) Poster to be devised by Standing Committee III (1985) Second poster to be devised by Standing Committee III (1985) Copies required English 5 000 ditto English 10 000 ditto English French German Spanish English Arabic French Spanish English English 10 000 ditto English French German Spanish English English French German Spanish ditto English Arabic French German Spanish ditto -283-

Materials required Map Economic map of Namibia (scale 1:1,000,000) b/ Films (16 mm) "Free Namibia" Copies required English Arabic French German Spanish English Arabic French German Japanese Portuguese Spanish "Namibias A Trust Betrayed" New film to be prepared Film by Holland Committee on Southern Africa (Footnotes on following page) 25 000 500 1 000 500 1 000 ditto English Arabic French German Japanese Spanish ditto

(Footnotes to table) a/ The red folders will contain the following materials (updated): "A crime against humanity: Questions and answers on apartheid in South Africa" (DPI/705) Constitution of SWAPO Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia List of transnational corporations operating in Namibia (A/CONF.120/8) Map (16" x 16") "Namibia: A Trust Betrayed" "Namibia: A Unique United Nations Responsibility" Nationhood Programe booklet Booklet on Walvis Bay by IDAF Pamphlet on the plunder of Namibian uranium Pamphlet on labour in Namibia Pamphlet on scholarships and other activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia Political programme of SWAPO Poster: "Stop the Plunder of Namibia's Natural Resources" Poster of Sam Nujoma "The United Nations Council for Namibia: What it is, what it does" (DPI/603). b/ To be submitted to the Publications Board for sale as a United Nations publication. -285-

1136. It is also foreseen that after completion of the demographic study mentioned in paragraph 22 of recommendation E, appropriate data on Namibia would be included in the United Nations Statistical Yearbook, the United Nations Demographic Yearbook and other United Nations statistical publications. 2. Co-operation with non-governmental organizations 1137. By paragraphs 16 and 18 of recommendation D, the General Assembly would request the Council, in co-operation with non-governmental organizations, to intensify international action in support of the liberation struggle of the people of Namibia. Under the terms of paragraph 19, the Assembly would decide to allocate the sum of SUS 300,000 to be used by the Council for its programme of co-operation with non-governmental organizations, including support to conferences in solidarity with Namibia arranged by those organizations, dissemination of the conclusions of such conferences and support to such other activities as would promote the cause of the liberation struggle of the Namibian people, subject to decisions of the Council in each individual case, in consultation with SWAPO. 1138. The implementation of paragraph 13 of recommendation D would require that the Secretary-General provide adeauate funds to the United Nations information centres and the Department of Conference Services to enable them to distribute information material on the question of Namibia. 1139. In accordance with paragraph 6 of recommendation D, the Council would organize at Headquarters an international conference with the participation of prominent personalities, parliamentarians, scholars, support groups and others from all parts of the world, in order to mobilize and strengthen further international support for the just cause and heroic struggle of the Namibian people. In this connection, the Council would require budgetary allocations to cover expenditures related to the envisaged conference of up to three days' duration, for the provision of meeting services and the production of pre-session, in-session and post-session documentation and to cover the cost of inviting up to 90 representatives of non-governmental organizations from all regions to New York. The dissemination of information and publicity costs of these activities would be met by the Department of Public Information. L. United Nations Fund for Namibia 1140. In accordance with paragraph 5 of recommendation E, the General Assembly would decide to allocate to the Fund as a temporary measure the sum of $US 1 million from the regular budget of the United Nations for 1985. 1141. The implementation of paragraph 6 of recommendation E, dealing with an appeal for voluntary contributions, implies that the Secretary-General would continue to assume administrative responsibilities in respect of the Fund as a whole and the three accounts of which it is composed (General Account, Nationhood Programme Account and United Nations Institute for Namibia Account). 1142. The implementation of paragraph 6 would also require, in addition to the fund-raising activities of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, four fund-raising missions conducted by the Council. Such missions would consist of the Vice-Chairman and Rapporteur of the Committee on the Fund, the Commissioner and a staff member of the United Nations Secretariat. -286-

1143. Under the terms of paragraph 2 (b) of recommendation E, the Council would continue to act as trustee of the Fund and, in that capacity, to administer and manage the Fund. The Council would exercise this responsibility through its Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia, subject, in the case of certain major decisions, to the approval of its recommendations by the Council as a whole. The Secretary-General retains the fiduciary responsibility which he exercises in respect of all trust funds. 1144. In paragraph 23 of recommendation E, the General Assembly would request the United Nations Institute for Namibia to complete the preparation of a comprehensive document on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia. The services of a consultant would be required for a period of nine months in order to finalize the various components of this comprehensive study. Notes .1/ Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council resolution 276 (1970), Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1971, p. 16. 2/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/35/24), vol. I, annex II. / Ibid., Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24). 4/ Ibid., Supplement No. 23 (A/38/23). §/ Report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, Paris, 25-29 April 1983 (A/CONF.120/13). §/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), para. 888. 1 Ibid., Thirty-eighth Session, Plenary Meetings, 72nd meeting. S/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1983, document S/15760. 9/ Ibid., document S/15761. Ibid., Thirty-eighth Year, 2439th to 2444th and 2446th to 2451st meetings. 11 Ibid., Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1983, document S/15776. j_// Ibid., Supplement for October, November and December 1983, document S/16048. L_/ Ibid., document S/16051. L / Ibid., Supplement for July, August and September 1983, document S/15943. IS/ Ibid., Thirty-eighth Year, 2492nd meeting. -287 -

Notes (continued) L/ Ibid., Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1983, document S/16237. 17/ Ibid., document S/16219. 18/ Report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of Namibian People for Independence, Paris, 25-29 April 1983 (A/CONF.120/13), part three. 19/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/37/24), para. 767. 20/ Quarterly Economic Review of Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, No. 2, 1983, p. 5. 21/ Africa Confidential, 5 October 1983. 22/ Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-ninth Year, Supplement for January, February and March, 1984, document S/16427. 23 SWAPO Information Bulletin, August 1984. L2/ Namibia - The Facts (London, International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, September 1980), p. 12. 25 Africa Contemporary Record (New York, Africana Publishing Company, 1981), p. 137. 6 The Windhoek Observer, 16 October 1982. 27/ The New York Times, 29 March 1984. 1 See Report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, Paris, 25-29 April 1983 (A/CONF.120/13), annex II.B, para. 216. O2/ official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-seventh Year, Supplement for July, August and September 1982, document S/15321. 30/ See, in particular, General Assembly resolutions ES-8/2 of 14 September 1981, 36/121 of 10 December 1981 and 37/233 A of 20 December 1982. 3.l/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Plenary Meetings, 27th meeting. 3?/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1983, document S/16216. 33 The Times (London), 27 December 1983. ! The Guardian (London), 13 and 18 November 1981. 5 The New York Times, 12 March 1982. -288-

Notes (continued) 36/ Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 29 September 1981. 37/ World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1982 (Stockholm, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1982), p. 122. 38/ Ibid.; see also British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, part 4, No. ME/7192, September 1982. 39/ Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 17 September 1982; and Financial Times (London), 14 September 1982. 40/ Frank Barnaby, Nuclear South Africa (A/CONF.102/2), p. 12. 41/ SIPRI Yearbook 1983 (Stockholm, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1983), p. 383. 42/ The Times (London), 28 June 1983. 43/ See Terry Shott, "Role of Banks in Strengthening South Africa's Military Capability", Notes and documents No. 21/81, (United Nations Centre against Apartheid), August 1981. 44/ The New York Times, 19 May 1982. 45/ Anti-Apartheid News (London), November 1983. 46/ Facts and Reports (Holland Committee on Southern Africa). 47/ United Nations Press Release No. HR/2427. 48/ SWAPO Information Bulletin, June 1983, pp. 18-19. 49/ Ibid., August 1983; and The Combatant, September 1983. 50/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/35/24), vol. III. 51/ Quarterly Economic Review of Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, No. 4, 1981, p. 27. 52/ A. H. Mensah, Review of the Economic Conditions in Namibia and South Africa (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, TD/B/869, 26 August 1981), pp. 16-18. 53/ Namibia: A Survey, supplement to the Financial Mail (South Africa), 22 July 1983, p. 26. 54/ Quarterly Economic Review of Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, Annual Supplement, 1983, p. 13. 55/ Ibid., p. 8. 56/ Namibia: A Survey, op. it., p. 25. -289-

Notes (continued) 57/ The Windhoek Observer, 4 June 1983. 18 Africa Confidential, 30 July 1981. 59/ See Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, vol. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document A/CONF.62/122. §0/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/35/24), vol. I, para. 91. 61/ Ibid., Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), para. 576. §2/ Report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, Paris, 25-29 April 1983 (A/CONF.120/13), part three, para. 171. 6§3/ Ibid., para. 204. §/ Ibid., para. 228. §/ The Windhoek Advertiser, 10 November 1982. §/ Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 10 November 1982. §7/ Gail Harvey, Namibia's Stolen Wealth (New York, The Africa Fund, 1982), p. 11. L§/ To Be Born a Nation (London, Department of Information and Publicity, SWAPO, 1983), p. 91. L/ Namibia News Brief (London, Namibian Support Committee, August 1983). M/ Harvey, op. cit., p. 10. 71/ The Windhoek Advertiser, 23 April 1983. 2/ Action on Namibia - Health (London, Namibian Support Committee, 1983), p. 3. 1 The Windhoek Advertiser, 20 September 1983. 24 Ibid., 31 July 1982. 25/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/35/24), vol. III, paras. 125-139. 26/ Alfred T. Moleah, Namibia - The Struggle for Liberation (Wilmington, Disa Press, Inc., 1983), p. 79. 77/ Ibid., p. 81. 2 i_bid., p. 82. -290-

Notes (continued) 79/ Ibid., p. 83. 80/ SWAPO Women's Council's Literacy Campaign (London, Namibia Support Committee, October 1983). 81/ Namibia News Briefing, No. 2 (July 1983), p. 1. 82/ Namibia Today (official organ of SWAPO), February 1982, p. 25. §/ Economic Intelligence Unit, No. 1, 1983. 84/ The Time to Choose (London International Committee against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism in Southern Africa, April 1982), No. 18, p. 19. L/ Le Monde (Paris), 2 December 1982. 86/ Deaths in Detention and South Africa's Security Laws (Washington, D.C., Southern Africa Project, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, September 1983), p. 10. §7 The Windhoek Advertiser, 29 November 1983. 88/ Namibia - A Nation Wronged (British Council of Churches, Division of International Affairs), appendix C. 89/ Quarterly Economic Review of Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, Annual Supplement, 1982, p. 8. 90/ Moleah, op. cit., p. 68. 91/ Gillian and Suzanne Cronje, The Workers of Namibia (London, International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1978), p. 7. 92/ Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 26 April 1982. 2/ Information and Comments (London, SWAPO, December 1981-January 1982). 2/ United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970-973. 95/ A/38/539-S/16102, annex. For the printed text, see Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1983. 2/ A/39/207, annex, resolution CM/Res.934 (XL). 97/ United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 972, p. 135. / official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-fifth Year, Supplement for July, August and September 1980, document S/14179. 99/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Twentieth Session, Annexes, agenda item 105, document A/5975. -291-

Notes (continued) 100/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), para. 964. 101/ Who's Who in Southern Africa, 1983 (Johannesburg, Argus Printing and Publishing Company, Ltd., 1983). 102/ The Citizen (Johannesburg), 29 October 1982. 103/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), 6 October 1982. 104 The New York Times, 12 October 1982. 105/ Report of the International Conference on Sanctions Against South Africa, Paris, 20-27 May 1981 (A/CONF.107/8), sect. X. 106/ The Case for Sanctions against South Africa (United Nations publication, Sales No. DPI/711). 107/ South African News Review (New York), 23 September 1983. 108/ Ibid., 7 July 1983. 109/ The Christian Science Monitor (Boston), 28 October 1982. 110/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), 4 August 1982. 111/ Ibid., 16 June 1982. 112/ Foreign Report (London), 13 October 1983. 113/ The New York Times, 3 November 1982. 114/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), November 1983. 115 The New York Times, 12 January 1983. 116/ Africa Research Bulletin, 31 August 1982. 117/ The Windhoek Advertiser, 29 September 1983. 118 Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 14-15 March, 27 April and 18 July 1983. 119/ Financial Times (London), 28 September 1983. 120/ The New York Times, 6 November 1983. 1 Financial Times (London), 16 September 1983. 12 Ibid., 26 April 1983. 123' Ibid., 17 May 1983. -292-

Notes (continued) 124/ Ibid., 18 April 1983. 125 South Africaamibia Update (New York), 17 November 1983. 126/ British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, 7 September 1982. 127/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), 8 December 1982. 128 Ibid., March 1983. 129 Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 22A (A/37/22/Add.l), para. 24. 130/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 22A (A/35/22/Add.1-3), first special report, paras. 174-177. 131/ The Star (Johannesburg), 25 August 1982. 132 Financial Times (London), 26 April 1983. 133/ Namib Times (Walvis Bay), 21 October 1983. 134/ World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), "Strengthen Trade Union Sanctions Against Apartheid", June 1983. 15 The Washington Post, 27 September 1982. 136 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), paras. 1060-1092. 137, South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), February 1983. 138/ Ibid., 14 April 1983. 139/ The Times (London), 19 October 1982. 140 Sunday Tribune (Durban, South Africa), 10 April 1983. 141/ The Guardian (Manchester), 18 November 1982. II4/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), July 1983. 143 SundaExress (London), 31 July 1983. 144/ Ibid., 4 September 1983. 145 The Star (Johannesburg), 11 January 1983. 146/ Sunday Times (London), 20 February 1983. 1A2/ The Star (Johannesburg), 13 June 1983. -293-

Notes (continued) 148/ The Daily Telegraph (London), 2 August 1982. 149/ South Africa/Namibia Update (New York), August 1983. 150/ Sunday Times (South Africa), 8 May 1983. 151/ The Star (Johannesburg), 27 December 1983. 152 Ibid., 16 May 1983. 153/ Hoy (Asuncion), 27 May 1983. 154/ South AfricaiNamibia Update (New York), October 1983. 155/ See also Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), paras. 1093-11071 and A/AC.131/119, paras. 79- 91. 156/ Financial Times (London), 1 July 1982. 157 Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 8 December 1982. 158/ Daily News (Dar es Salaam), 29 November 1982. 159/ The Star (Johannesburg), 20 July 1982. 160/ Ibid., 15 March 1983. 161/ Report of the International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, Paris, 25-29 April 1983 (A/CONF.120/13), para. 237. 162/ Reuters dispatch, 7 December 1983. 163/ "Register of entertainers, actors and others who have performed in apartheid South Africa", Notes and documents No. 20/83 (United Nations Centre against Apartheid). 164/ The Star (Johannesburg), 24 July 19831 South African Digest (Department of Foreign Affairs, Pretoria), 15 July 1983. 165 Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 31 October 1983. 166/ The Windhoek Advertiser, 24 August 1983, 26 and 27 October 1983. 1 The Windhoek Advertiser, 2 and 23 December 19831 The Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 16 December 1983. 168/ The Star (Johannesburg), 23 May 1983. 169/ The Citizen (Johannesburg), 18 October 1982. 170/ Namib Times (Walvis Bay), 10 June 1983. -294s-

Notes (continued) 171/ South African News Review (New York), 17 August 1982. 12Y Financial Times (London), 24 December 1983; The New York Times, 28 December 1983. 173/ The Citizen (Johannesburg), 17 August 1983. 174/ The New York Times, 14 May 1983. 175/ Reuters dispatch, 9 September 1982. 176/ United Nations Centre against Apartheid, Information note No. 25/82, 19 November 1982. 177/ United Nations Centre against Apartheid, "Art contre/against apartheid*, 13 October 1983. 178/ Reuters dispatch, 7 July 1983. 179/ Michael C. Beaubien, "The cultural boycott of South Africa", Africa Today, fourth quarter 1982, p. 13. 180/ The Windhoek Advertiser, 15 September 1983. 181/ Official Journal of the European Communities, No. C 42/53. 182/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), annex III. 183/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/34/24), vol. IV, annex XXXII. 184 Ibid., Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 6 (A/37/6), chap. IV, sect. II. 15, See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/34/24), vol. II, paras. 33, 35 and 37. I6 . Ibid., paras. 44 and 45. 187/ A/AC.131/96. A88/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/34/24), vol. IV, annex XXXII. 18j9 A/AC.131/95. 190/ A/AC.131/98 and Corr.l. 191/ The present report. 122/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/39/23), chaps. I-VII and IX. -295-

Notes (continued) 193/ A/38/707-S/16206, annex. 194/ A/AC.115/L.611. 195/ See para. 495 of the present report. 196/ A/39/560-S/16773, annex. 197/ Official Journal of the European Communities, No. C 172/45. 198/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-sixth Year, 2300th meeting. 199/ A/32/144, annex I. 200/ See resolution ES/8-2. 201/ See paras. 527, 561, 578. 202/ See para. 527 of the present report. 203/ See para. 561 of the present report. 204/ See para. 578 of the present report. 205/ See para. 1099 of the present report. 206/ See paras. 943-1009; and paras. 1015-1028 of the present report. 207/ For the text of the charter of the United Nations Institute for Namibia, as amended, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/37/24), annex IV. -296-

Annex I ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO THE COUNCIL FOR 1984 WITHIN THE PROGRAMME BUDGET FOR THE BIENNIUM 1984-1985 1. In its report to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session, the Council made a number of recommendations and gave a description of the activities which would reauire the preparation of a statement of administrative and financial implications. V2. The Council's recommendations took the form of draft resolutions which were reproduced in its report under the following headLngas (a) Situation in Namibia resulting from the illegal occupation of the Territory by South Africaj (b) Implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978)1 (c) Programme of work of the United Nations Council for Namibiai (d) Dissemination of information and mobilization of international public opinion in support of Namibiaj (e) United Nations Fund for Namibia. The draft resolutions were adopted by the General Assembly at its 79th plenary meeting, on 1 December 1983, as resolutions 38/36 A, B, C, D and E, respectively. 3. Prior to consideration of the draft resolutions by the General Assembly, the Secretary-General submitted to the Fifth Committee a statement of their administrative and financial implications (A/C.5/38/54 and Corr.1). The statement analysed the financial implications of all the draft resolutions taken together, as follows (figures are in United States dollars)s Section of the programme budget Estimated Proposed activity cost 3B.2 3C.1 3C.2 27 28 29 Missions of consultation with Governments in Western Europe, Latin America and Asia and the Pacific Travel of Chairmen of the missions of consultation to the meetings of the Council at Bangkok Representation of Namibia by the Council 115 300 - 115 300 12 500 - 12 500 517 000 - 517 000 -297-

Section of the programme budget Estimated Proposed activity cost 38.2 3C.1 3C.2 27 28 29 Membership fees to be paid by the Council to LO and PAO Mission to North America to contact corporations operating illegally in Namibia Measures aimed at securing compliance with provisions of the Decree Mission to Western Europe to seek legal advice on violation of the Decree Seminars in Eastern Europe and North America to obtain relevant information on exploitation of the people and resources of Namibia Regional symposia in Western Europe and in Africa aimed at obtaining support for the Namibian cause Support for SWAPO office in New York Plenary meetings of the Council at Bangkok Resources of the Office of the Commissioner Dissemination of information: pamphlets on seminars, symposia and meetings 34 000 - 34 000 - 12 600 28 800 12 600 - 28 800 - 25 100 - 25 100 651 000 813 900 315 500 1 119 S0 23 100 150 100 - 62 700 - 438 200 338 400 - 64 300 - 411 200 315 500 289 500 - 60 400 16 600 33 200 - 769 600 6 500 33 200 -298-

Section of the programme budget Estimated Proposed activity cost 3B.2 3C.1 3C.2 27 28 29 Dissemination of information: Programme of information Council Symposium marking the one hundredth anniversary of the heroic struggle of the Namibian people against the colonial occupation and plunder of the natural resources of Namibia Programme of co-operation with non-governmental organizations United Nations Fund for Namibia Fund-raising missions for voluntary contributions to the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia and to the Trust Funds for the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and the United Nations Institute for Namibia Comprehensive document on all aspects of economic planning in an independent Namibia Preparation and publication of a demographic study for Namibian population and study of its educational needs Nationhood Programme electronic and other related equipment and maintenance and related supplies 590 600 441 200 - 1 031 800 507 600 300 000 1 000 000 51 400 15 000 15 000 76 500 - 76 000 - 431 600 - 300 000 - 1 000 000 51 400 15 000 15 000 5 700 - 70 800 - -299-

Section of the programme budget Estimated Proposed activity cost 3B.2 3C.1 3C.2 27 28 29 Requirements of the Department of Conference Services and the Office for Field Operational and External Support Activities 13 200 - 13 200 Key to budget sections: 3B.2 - Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization 3C.1 - United Nations Council for Namibia 3C.2 - Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia 27 - Department of Public Information 28 - Office of General Services 29 - Department of Conference Services 4. In his statement, the Secretary-General indicated that if the General Assembly were to adopt the draft resolutions, an additional appropriation of $US 3,442,200 would be required. In addition, an amount of $US 3,100 would be required for staff assessment in section 31, offset by an equivalent amount in income under section 1. 5. The Fifth Committee considered the statement by the Secretary-General at its 52nd meeting, on 1 December 1983. The recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions were presented orally by its Chairman at the same meeting. The Committee also had before it the observations of the Committee on Conferences (A/C.5/38/54/Add.1) relating to certain aspects of the draft resolutions. 6. At the same meeting, the Fifth Committee decided, by a recorded vote of 91 to 6, with 10 abstentions, to inform the General Assembly that, should it adopt the draft resolutions recommended by the Council, additional appropriations totalling $US 3,471,800 would be required, as follows: SUS 6,400 under section 1B; SUS 2,733,400 under section 3CI $US 629,000 under section 27; $US 89,800 under section 28; and $US 13,200 under section 29. 7. As mentioned in paragraph 2, the General Assembly adopted the draft resolutions at its 79th meeting, on 1 December 1983. Notes a See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24), part four. -300-

Annex II LIST OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF THE COUNCIL (1 SEPTEMBER 1983 TO 31 AUGUST 1984) Document No. Title Documents issued in the general series A/AC.131/95 A/AC.131/96 A/AC.131/97 A/AC.131/98 and Corr.1 A/AC.131/99 A/AC.131/100 A/AC.131/101 A/AC.131/102 A/AC.131/103 A/AC.131/104 Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1983: report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia: report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia Consideration of a letter dated 5 October 1983 from the Director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia addressed to the President of the Council regarding the financial situation of the Institute: report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1984: report of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities under the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia: resolution adopted by the Council at its 406th meeting on 21 October 1983 Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1983: resolution adopted by the Council at its 409th meeting on 16 November 1983 Budget of the United Nations Institute for Namibia for 1984: resolution adopted by the Council at its 411th meeting on 22 December 1983 Organization of the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, to be held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984: report of the President Programme of work of Standing Committee I for 1984 Report of the Mission of Consultation of the Council to Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy and Switzerland 30 January 1984 30 January 1984 30 January 1984 30 January 1984 8 February 1984 6 February 1984 6 February 1984 8 February 1984 27 February 1984 29 February 1984 13 March 1984 -301- Date

Document No. A/AC.131/105 and Rev.1 A/AC.131/106 and Rev.1 A/AC.131/107 A/AC .131/108 A/AC.131/108/ Rev.1 A/AC.131/109 A/AC.131/109/ Rev. 1 A/AC.131/110 A/AC.131/111 A/AC. 131/112 Title Guidelines for the Seminar in Eastern Europe on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of NamibiaOs Natural and Human Resources, to be held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984 Seminar in Eastern Europe on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, to be held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984: rules of procedure Report of the fund-raising missions of the Council and the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia to Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United States of America and the European Economic Community, February to September 1983 Guidelines for the Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, to be held at Rome from 18 to 22 June 1984: report of Standing Committee II Guidelines for the Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, to be held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984: report of Standing Committee II Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, to be held at Rome from 18 to 22 June 1984: rules of procedure Regional Symposium on International Efforts to Implement Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, to be held at Geneva from 27 to 31 August 1984: rules of procedure Report of the delegation of the Council on the informal meetings of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, held at Geneva from 24 to 25 January 1984 Programme of work of the Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia for 1984 Programme of work of Standing Committee II for 1984 Date 15 March 1984 21 March 1984 15 March 1984 21 March 1984 3 April 1984 6 April 1984 4 June 1984 6 April 1984 4 June 1984 11 April 1984 11 April 1984 16 April 1984 -302-

Document No. A/AC.131/113 A/AC.131/114 A/AC.131/115 A/AC.131/116 A/AC.131/117 A/AC.131/118 A/AC.131/119 A/AC.131/120 A/AC.131/121 A/AC.131/122 A/AC.131/123 Title Date Educational, social and relief activities under the United Nations Fund for Namibias allocations of funds in the General Account of the United Nations Fund for Namibia in 1984: report of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Political developments related to Namibia: report of Standing Committee II Report on the activities of foreign economic interests operating in Namibia: report of Standing Committee II Final communiqui of the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 5 April 1984 Conclusions and recommendations of the participants in the Seminar on the Activities of Foreign Economic Interests in the Exploitation of Namibia's Natural and Human Resources, held at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, from 16 to 20 April 1984 Statements and communiqu4s issued by the Mission of Consultation of the Council to the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities The military situation in and relating to Namibia: report of Standing Committee II Report on contacts between Member States and South Africa since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 37/233 A of 20 December 1982: report of Standing Committee II Provisional agenda of the extraordinary plenary meetings of the Council, to be held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984 Observance of the Week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO, 27 October-2 November 1983: messages received by the President of the Council Report of the delegation of the Council to the twenty-second session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, held in Paris from 25 October to 29 November 1983 16 April 1984 24 April 1984 25 April 1984 25 April 1984 26 April 1984 26 April 1984 27 April 1984 1 May 1984 1 May 1984 7 May 1984 11 May 1984 -303-

Document No. A/AC.131/124 A/AC.131/125 A/AC.131/126 A/AC.131/127 A/AC.131/128 A/AC.131/129 A/AC.131/130 A/AC.131/131 A/AC.131/132 A/AC.131/133 A/AC.131/134 Title Date Report of the delegation of the Council to the Organization of African Unity Co- ordinating Committee for the Liberation of Africa at its forty-first ordinary session, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 6 to 8 February 1984 Report of the representative of the Council to the World Assembly for Peace and Life and Against Nuclear War, held at Prague from 21 to 26 June 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the fortieth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, held at Addis Ababa from 27 February to 7 March 1984 Guidelines for the Seminar in North America on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia to be held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984 Seminar in North America on the Efforts by the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia to be held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984: rules of procedure Report of the delegation of the Council to the second session of the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, held at Kingston, Jamaica, from 19 March to 13 April 1984 Social conditions in Namibia: report of Standing Committee II Resource allocation for the Nationhood Programme for Namibia and educational, social and relief activities in 1984: report of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Report of the Mission of Consultation of the Council to Trinidad and Tobago and Argentina from 7 to 14 April 1984 Report of the Mission to Western Europe to seek legal advice on the implementation of Decree No. 1 for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, 24 April to 12 May 1984 Report of the Mission of Consultation of the United Nations Council for Namibia to the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the European Parliament and the Commission of the European Communities, 16 to 31 January 1984 21 May1984 31 May1984 4 June 1984 20 June 1984 20 June 1984 25 June 1984 2 July 1984 2 July 1984 6 July 1984 13 July 1984 17 July 1984 -3n4- Document No. A/AC. 131/135 Title Date Conclusions and recommendations of the participants in the Seminar on the Efforts of the International Community to End South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia, held at Montreal, Canada, from 23 to 27 July 1984 8 August 1984 Documents issued in the limited series A/AC.131/L.289 A/AC.131/L.290 A/AC.131/L.291 A/AC.131/L.292 A/AC.131/L.293 A/AC.131/L.294 A/AC.131/L.295 A/AC.131/L.296 A/AC.131/L.297 Report of the delegation of the Council to the nineteenth ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity, held at Addis Ababa from6 to 12 June 1983 Report of the representative of the Council to the Fifth Regional Conference of African National Commissions for UNESCO, held at Yaound6 from 9 to 14 May 1983 Report of the representative of the United Nations Council for Namibia to the eighty-third session of the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, held at Rome from 13 to 24 June 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the sixty-ninth session of the International Labour Conference, held at Geneva from 1 to 22 June 1983 Report of the representative of the Council to the Intergovernmental Conference on Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace, and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, with a View to Developing a Climate of Opinion Favourable to the Strengthening of Security and Disarmament, held in Paris from 12 to 20 April 1983 Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ 6 September 1983 6 September 1983 12 September 1983 13 September 1983 14 September 1983 6 October 1983 13 October 1983 20 October 1983 26 October 1983 -305-

Document No. A/AC.131/L.298 A/AC.131/L.299 A/AC.131/L.300 A/AC.131/L.301 A/AC.131/L.302 A/AC.131/L.303 and Corr.1 A/AC.131/L.304 A/AC.131/L.305 A/AC.131/L.306 A/AC.131/L.307 A/AC.131/L.308 Title Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly a/ Report of the delegation of the Council to the Regional Symposium in Support of the Namibian Cause in Latin America, held at San Josh from 16 to 19 August 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the Latin American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, held at Caracas from 16 to 18 September 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the fourth meeting of the Governing Board of the United Nations Vocational Training Centre for Namibia, held at Luanda from 3 to 6 may 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the first session of the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, held at Kingston, Jamaica, from 15 March to 8 April and from 15 August to 9 September 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the thirty-ninth session of the Commission on Human Rights, held at Geneva from 31 January to 11 March 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the thirty-sixth World Health Assembly, held at Geneva from 2 to 16 May 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, held at Geneva from I to 12 August 1983 Report of the delegation of the Council to the United Nations Conference on Succession of States in respect of State Property, Archives and Debts, held at Vienna from 1 March to 8 April 1983 Guidelines for the Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, to be held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 6 April 1984 Date 28 October 1983 3 November 1983 18 November 1983 22 November 1983 28 November 1983 28 November 1983 24 January 1984 9 December 1983 9 December 1983 8 December 1983 23 December 1983 17 January 1984 -306-

Document No. A/AC.131/L.309 and Rev.1 TitlDae Regional Symposium on South Africa's Illegal Occupation of Namibia: The Threat to International Peace and Security, to be held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, from 2 to 6 April 1984 17 January 1984 5 March 1984 A/AC.131/L.310 Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly b/ A/AC.131/L.311 Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly b/ A/AC.131/L.312 Draft annual report of the Council to the General Assembly b/ 13 August 1984 13 August 1984 22 August 1984 Notes a/ The report of the Council to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session has been issued in final form as Offical Records of the General Assembly, Thirty- eighth Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/38/24). t/ Incorporated in the present report. -307- Date

Annex III RESERVATIONS EXPRESSED REGARDING THE BANGKOK DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION ON NAMIBIA Australia 1. As a member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, Australia is proud to play its part in bringing Namibia to freedom and independence. Its commitment to that goal is absolute and unequivocal. 2. Australia believes that the Council should be a force which serves a good purpose in the delicate and complex negotiating process aimed at the achievement of Namibian independence. It believes that the Council ought to direct its efforts towards mobilizing the entire international community to its cause. Unfortunately, in recent years it has continued to adopt harsh and immoderate formulations in resolutions and has taken positions which increasingly alienate segments of the international community and diminish the Council's effectiveness. This does not assist the cause of Namibian independence. 3. Australia believes that it is time for the Council to examine its procedures and to take action to prevent its credibility from being further undermined. 4. The increasing intemperance of the Council's resolutions and the corresponding reflection in the language of General Assembly resolutions has made it increasingly difficult for Australia to support resolutions in the General Assembly with which it is in basic agreement. A continuation of this trend will make it even more difficult for Australia to support such resolutions despite its sincere commitment to Namibian independence and its wish to show support for the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). 5. Referring to specific aspects of the documents before the plenary it will be clear from what has been said that there is much with which Australia is in accord, yet the following specific reservations must be recorded. 6. Throughout the Declaration and Programme of Action (see para. 495 of the present report) there is endorsement of armed struggle and encouragement to SWAPO to intensify it as a means of resolving the Namibian problem. Australia believes that armed struggle is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations and therefore it is committed to the path of peaceful negotiation to bring about an end to the long struggle for Namibian independence. Those, including SWAPO, who are committed to negotiation and who are actively pursuing that path ought to be encouraged in their efforts by this Council. 7. Australia has further difficulty with the drafts owing to their selective and arbitrary condemnation of certain States and the singling out of States by name, a practice to which it is totally opposed. In any event, such condemnation is, in many instances, based on allegations and rumour. 8. The Australian delegation does not believe that sanctions would be an effective means of bringing independence to Namibia. It therefore cannot accept criticism of the Security Council, the body mandated under the Charter of the United Nations to deal with this issue, for its refusal to impose such sanctions. In the absence of a Security Council decision to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions, Australia sees no place for the imposition of unilateral sanctions. -308-

9. Australia does not accept the designation of SWAPO as the "sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people". It notes that SWAPO itself has stated that it will not insist on that designation once the process of the implementation of the United Nations plan is under way. It goes without saying that the Australian delegation does, however, recognize SWAPO as the major Namibian nationalist organization with a key role to play in bringing freedom and independence to Namibia. Its invitation to SWAPO to open an information office in Australia fully reflected that perception. 10. Australia must also place on record the fact that it has reservations about the papers now before the Council in documents A/AC.131/114, A/AC.131/115, A/AC.131/119 and A/AC.131/120. Belgium 11. Belgium subscribes to the positive elements contained in the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action concerning Namibia. 12. Belgium appreciates and welcomes the positive actions undertaken by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the front-line States and SWAPO, as well as by the Contact Group of the five Western countries, with a view to the implementation of the United Nations plan for the independence of Namibia approved by the Security Council of the United Nations in its resolution 435 (1978). 13. However, some points in these documents give rise to serious reservations on its part: (a) While Belgium recognizes the primordial role being played by SWAPO, it considers that its status can be determined only after free and fair elections; (b) Belgium remains convinced that a peaceful approach is the only valid one, and it cannot accept direct or indirect references to armed struggle; (c) While Belgium considers that the incorporation of Walvis Bay and the offshore islands into Namibian territory would be useful, it is of the opinion that this question should be negotiated between the future Namibian authorities and South Africa; (d) Belgium does not accept unfounded attacks on certain States, nor allegations concerning so-called collaboration with South Africa; (e) Belgium also considers that the Council should not pass judgement on the way in which permanent members of the Security Council vote; (f) The Belgian Government considers that the question of imposing sanctions rests solely within the competence of the Security Council; (g) Belgium is opposed in principle to selective references to countries, groups of countries or bodiesi (h) Belgium also reiterates serious reservations with regard to all the reports of Standing Committee II, with the exception of the report on social conditions in Namibia (A/AC.131/120). -309-

Finland 14. The Government of Finland endeavours to work constructively with other members of the United Nations Council for Namibia for the independence of Namibia. Finland is convinced that the illegal South African occupation of Namibia must be brought to an end through increased international pressure on South Africa. The Namibian people must be allowed, without further delay, to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and national independence by means of free and fair elections under the supervision and control of the United Nations on the basis of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). There is no justification for the South African Government to delay the independence of Namibia according to the United Nations plan. At the same time, Finland notes with satisfaction that during the last few months the Government of South Africa has repeatedly expressed its willingness to withdraw from Namibia. The ongoing regional dialogue between some of the parties deserves to be studied carefully in order to determine to what extent it could enhance the possibilities for an independent Namibia. The continuation of negotiations towards this end, in co- operation with all concerned, is of utmost importance at the moment. 15. Finland understands the political motivation of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia and shares the concern over the situation in Namibia, reflected in that final document. Finland therefore joins the consensus. 16. The decision of Finland to join the consensus, however, is not to be interpreted as constituting a departure from certain basic principles to which it continues to adhere. Specifically, Finland reiterates the following: (a) No political organization enjoying popular support should be excluded from a political solution in Namibia through free and fair elections. SWAPO, which has played a constructive and crucial role in the search for a negotiated settlement, is such an organization and must be part of any solution. Finland has given and continues to give humanitarian assistance to SWAPOI (b) Finland cannot accept endorsement by the United Nations of armed struggle nor requests for military assistance. The United Nations was established in order to promote peaceful solutions to international disputes) (c) Finland dissociates itself from any arbitrary singling out of countries as responsible for the policies of South Africa. 17. Finland continues to maintain the view that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the adoption of sanctions is within the exclusive purview of the Security Council, which is the only organ with competence to take decisions binding on States Members of the United Nations. Turkey 18. Turkey voted in favour of the Bangkok Declaration and Programme of Action on Namibia with the following minor or technical reservations: (a) Turkey is in principle against the references by name to certain States or groups of States in the resolutions of the United Nations Council for Namibia. It therefore has reservations on paragraphs 23, 24, 33, 45, 53, 56, 61, 62, 69 and 72 of the Declaration and Programme of Action, where references are made to one -310-

Western State by name, to mmajor Western StatesO or to VWestern States*. Turkey does not share some of the implications of these referencess (b) The above reservation also applies to condemnatory references by name to certain States or groups of States in the reports of Standing Committee 11 which Turkey has already approved. 19. Turkey also maintains its previous positions and reservations on the resolutions of the General Assembly referred to in the Declaration and Programme of Action. 20. Finally, Turkey's positions relating to the multilateral international agreements referred to in the same texts, which it has not signed or ratified, and the reservations that it has vocalized regarding some of their provisions remain as before. 85-13565 5438-42f (E) -311-