8718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEJ\IBER 19,
from the files of the House1 without leaving copies, papers in the case We, therefore, think there is no merit in the proposition, and that of J. W. Chickering. it ought to be inde1initely postponed. LEA-VE OF ABSENCE. The renort was agreed to, and the joint resolution indefinitely post poned. 1\Ir. Fmm,. by unanimous consent, obtained indefinite leave of ab Mr. P ALUER, from the Committee on Commerce, reported an sence, on account of important business. amendment intended to be proposed to the ~eneral deficiency appro 'Ihe hour of 5 o'clock having arrived, the House, in accordance with priation bill; whi<'h was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. its standing order, adjourned. Mr. WILSON, of Maryland, from the Committee on Claims,. to whom were referred the following bills, reported them severally without PRIVATE BILLS INTRODUCED AND REFERRED. amendment, and submitted renorts thereon: · UndEJr the rnle private bills of the following titles were introduced A bill (H. R. 341) for the relief of John Farley; and and referred· as indicated below: A bill (S. 729) for the relief of J. A. Henry and others. By Mr. BLAND (by request): A bill (H. R. 11456) to pay Philip Mr. CHANDLER, fn>m the Select Committee on fud~an Traders, to Henke.Lfor property unlawfully confucateci and destroyed-to the Com whom was referred the bill (S. 3522) regulating th~ purchase of timber mittee on War Claims. from. Indians, reported it with an amendment.. l:y Air. BUTLEH.: A bill (H. R. .11457) for the relief of Mrs. Mary Gentry-to the Committee on War Claims. CHINESE Il\DIIGRATION. lJy .M:r. McCREARY: A bill (H. R. 11458) for the relief of S. P. ·~fr. EDMUNDS. I am instructed by the Committee on Foreign Martiu-to the Committee on War Claims. Relations to report an order, for which I ask immediate considera.tion. By Mr. SHERMAN: A bill (H. R. 11459) granting a pension to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will b& read by the Secretary. Erasmus W. Jones-to tho Committee on Invalid Pensions. The Chief Clerk read as follows: Ordered, That the President of the Senate bo directed to withhold the trans • PETITIONS, ETC. mission to the House of Rep1'e entati ves of the net (House billll336) en titl.ed "An act to prohibit the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States'~ until the Tlie following petitions and papers were laid on. the Clerk's desk, further direction of the Senate. under the rule, and referred as follows: :.. Mr. TELLER. I object to the present considerat-ion of that order. By 1\Ir. FORD: Petition of W. H. Hoffman and others, citizens of The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. It will lie over under the rules. Michi~an, for legislation to prohibit the shipmentofliquorsto heathen Mr. STEWART. I should like to' have the resolution aguin read. nations-to the Select Committee on the Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be again read. By Mr. LODGE: Petitions of Abby Morton Dias and 119 others, citi The Chief Clerk read the order. zen of the United States; ofT. W. Caldwell and 35 others, citizens of Mr. VEST. I should like to make an inquiry. What would be-the Bourbon County, Kansas; of CJam Patterson and 33 others, citizens of effect of non-action on the part of the Senate as to that resolution? Crawford County, Kansas, and of 1tfary Chace Tolman and 16 others, cit Will the Chin~e re triction bill remain here until the resolution is izens of Barnstable County, Massachusetts, to remunerate Anna Ella taken up and acted upon, o.r will the· officers- of the Senate in the dis Carroll for services during the late war-to the Committee on War charge of their routine. duties be compelled or required to take the. bill Claims. to the other Honse ? . B r Mr. PUGSLEY: Petition of J. P. Mathews, for the passage of a We have had a little experience on that subject lately, not directly spet~al pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. in the line of action between the two Houses, but with the commis By Mr. RICHARDSON: Petition of Robert F. Bell, of Davidson sioners of the District of Columbia. Wllilst a resolution was pending County, Tennessee, for reference of his claim to the Court of Claims here forbidding them to put up certain_ overhead electric wires, they to the Committee on War Claims. proceeded to put them up without any regard to our resolution or with By Mr. WHITTHORNE: Petition_ of Ann M. C. McNicholas, of out any regard to our non-action, if I may so express it. Dickson County, Tennessee, for reference. of her claim to the Court of I should like to know what the officers of this body will do if the Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. resolntion lies here for one day or five days? In other words, does the offering of the resolution. suspend the action_ of the officers of the Senate in transmitting the action of the Senate upon the bill to the o~her House? SENATE. Mr. TELLER. If I may sn.y a. word an this remarkable resolution, WEDNESDAY, September 19, 1888. it seems to me that if the Senate should pass it it would be a very singular thing to request the President of the Senate to withhold a bill. Prayer by tlie Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The Senator misapprehends the The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. tenor of the resolution. It will be again read for the. information of PETITIONS AND 1\IEMORllLS. the Senate. Mr. TELLER. I tried to listen to it, but! could not tell just what Ur. PASCO presented the petition of Mrs. Mary E. Boyd, of Palatka, Fb., widow of Robert T. Boyd, praying for the payment of a claim it meant. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Senators willre~umetheir sea.t..s:10d a(\"ainst tha UnitedSta.tes in behalf of the successors in interest of the refrain from audible conversation. '.rhe re. olution will be again read. 1:te fum of Boyd & Monroe, and the heir& of the partners of that firm, The Chief Clerk read the resolution. on account of the seizure of the schooner Richard Law; which was re The PRESIDENT pro telrtJWre. Objection having been made, the ferred to the Committee on Claims. resolution lies over under the rules. Mr. FAULKNER presented the petition of Jonathan W. Thatcher, Mr. TELLER. I will say that I object to that. I did not under ofEerkeley County, West Virginia, praying Congress to refer his claim stand on the first reading exactly what the import was; but as it is to to the Coud ofC1aimsforadjndication; whichwas referred to the Com delay the hill in reaching the President, I object. mittee on Claims. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. KEXTUCKY RIVER DRIDGES. Mr. BLAIR, from the Committee on Pensions, towbom was referred 1\Ir. VEST. I am instructed by the Committee on Commerce to re the bill (H. R. 968) granting a pension to H. S. Sayre, reported it with port with amendments the bill (S. 3471) to authorize the constrnction out amendment, and submitted arreport thereon. of bridges across the Kentucky River and its tributaries by the Louis 1\Ir. EDMUNDS. I am instracted by the Committee on Foreign Re ville Southern Railroad Company. The Senator from Kentucky [1\:fr. lations to which was referred the joint resolution (S. R. 71) providing BLAC:K:BURN], who introduced the bill, was c..1.lled home lastnigbtand for the' ascertainment and report by the Secretary of State of the claim compelled to leave the city. He requested me to ask the Senn.te to con of the legal representatives of Walter H. Stevens, deceased, to report sider the bill and pass it, as the company who are building their road the same adversely, with a. recommendation that it be indefinitely post had built it up to the vicinity of the Kentucky River and are anxious poned. We have not drawn up n. written report, but r can state the for the passage of the bill through both Houses, so as not to be delayed grounds upon which the committee proceeded in two minutes. in the work. It is just an ordinary bridge bill, and I ask the consid In the first place, the claim, if it ever had any existence, arose be eration of it now by the Senate. · fore the time of the l\fexican Claims Commission, and it should have Mr. SHERMAN. I should like to have the bill read. been presented to that commission, it being a claim against theRe The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be read at length for pub1ic of Mexico. There is no ground to impute to the authorities of information if there be no objection. · the United States any failure of their duty in respect of the presenta The Chief Clerk read the bill, and, by unanimous consent, the Senate, tion of the claim or the non-presentation of it to that commission. as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded-to its consideration. In the second place, the committee are satisfied that the claim never The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The amendmcntsreportedfrom the had any rightful foundation in the beginning, it being, as we believe, Committee on Commerce will be stated in their order. a fraudulent transfer by a French quartermaster, just as the French The first amendment was, in section 3, line 9, before the word were being expelled from Vera Cruz in Mexico, to the original claim " built, n to insert " commenced or; " so as to read ~ ant, of a quantity of coal that was French public property, and was .A:nd until the said plan and loeation of the bridge are approved by the Seer~ immediately seized by the Republic of Mexico, as it ought to have tary o!Warthe bridge shall not be commenced or built. been, as the property of the expelled enemy. The amendment was agreed to. 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RE CORD-SENATE·: 8719
The next amendment was to add at the end of section 3: States, out of its Treasury, for humanity and for the public good in And any changes required by the Secretary of War, or the entire removal of still further trying to repress the spread of it, ought to make a contri said bridge or bridges after completion, if required, shall beatthee.xpense of the bution out of the Treasury of the United States to aid not only the company owning said bridges. sick but those who are driven from their homes, and to help up those The amendment was agreed to. communities in this dreadful distress. The next amendment was, to add, at the end of section 4.: It is not within the competence of the Legislature of the State of And if said bridge or bridges shall be built for the passage over the same of Florida to meet and provide for it now under such conditions, and I vehicles and the transit of animals, and for foot passengers, the rnles of toll therefor shall be approved by the Secretary of War before any toll can be col know of no better use to which a proper amount of public money can lected. be put than to make this contribution, to be expended under the di 'Ibe amendment was agreed to. rection of the President immediately, to help in every way we can. The bill was reported to the Senate as runended, and the a.mendments The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the present con were concurred in. sideration of the joint resolution? The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third l'eading, read the third! There being no objection,. the joint resolution was read the seconu time~ and passed. time by its title, and considered as in Committee of the Whole. WILLIAlll THO::l:IPSOY. Mr. BHOWN, I beg leave to ask the Senator from Vermont why he lli. ALLISON. I ask the unanimous consent of the Senate to re proposes to confine tl1e appropriation to the State of Florida w bile the consider the vote by which the bill (H. R . 166) for tbe relief of William. disease is spreading into other States? Thompson was indefinitely postponed. On the 12th day of April the Mr. EDl\IUNlJS. I do not. I onlyspeak of it as a disease existing bill was reported back adversely from the Committee on Military .Af there; but it is in aid of all sufferers, wherever they may be. fairs and indefinitely postponed. I have some additional papers and Mr. BROWN. I misunderstood it, then. testimony that I wish to submit to the Senate. I ask unanimous con 1\Ir_ EDMUNDS. I only speak of the present locality of the disease, sent that the vote postponing the bill may be reconsidered, and that it as in Florida.,. but the relief will apply to e-very sufferer, whether in may be recommitted to the Committee on Military Aff-airs. Georgia, or North Carolina, or in the cit,1 of Was-hington, or wherever The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The period within which that mo it is thought p1·oper to expend the money. tion could properly be made having elapsed, the Senator from Iowa 1t1r. BROWN. I probably did not understand the joint resolution. asks unanimous consent that the vote by which the bill was indefinitely Mr. EDMUNDS. I have no o~jection to mak...ing it perfectly safe. po tponed may be reconsidered, and the bill referred to the Committee Perhaps it is better to say ' ' or elsewhere in the United. States'' ::tfter on 1\filitary Affairs, with the papers that he snbmiia to the Senate. It "Florida./' so as to make it perfectly sure. is so ordered, if there be no objection. l\1r. BROWN. That wiU make it all right. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be stated . .liiESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. The CHIEF CLERK. It is propos~d to add to the joint resolution the A message from the House of Representatives, by ltlr. CLARK, its words ''or elsewhere in the United States;" so as to read: Clerk, announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R. 11446) to In the relief of the suffering caused by the yellow fe>er now prc-.ailing in the amend an a.ct entitJed ''An act making appropriations forth~ construc State of Florida or elsewhere iu the United States. tion, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and Mr. BROWN. 'I'hat makes it all right. harbors, and for other purposes," approved .July 5, 1884; in which it The amendment was agreed to. requested the concurrence of the Senate. 1\lr. CALL. Mr. President, I am very much gratified that th1sjoint The mesz;age also returned to the Senate, in co.mplianco with its re- 1·esolution has been presented, and I hope that it will pass without any quest, the following bills: . dissent in this body. · A bill (S. 3193) directing the commissioners of the District of Co I do not propose to enter into any discussion of it further than to lumbia to convey to William Brown a part of an alley in square 120, say that here is a. disease of almost unprecedented malignity, entirely jn the city of Washington, on certain conditions; and new in that portion of the State of Florida where it-now is~ and that A bill (H. R. 925) for the relief of Matthew W . Berryman. the indications are that it is rapidly spreading or will spr~d through BILLS INTRODUCED. out the country. Mr. BLAIR introduced a bill (S. 3569) granting a pension to Sarah 1Hr. PASCO. .M:r. President, I simply desire to say that I concur G. Hall; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompany entirely with what has been said by my colleague. I wish to express ing papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. my gratification that the joint resolution has been brought in. I trust He also intro The Chief Clerk read the resolution submitted by Ur. SHERMAN De~ J evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which cember 19, 1887, as follows: they are accustomed. Resolved, That the President's annual message be referred to the Committee This conservatism is perhaps more strongly marked in our race than on Finance. in. any other on the face of the earth, and it has been held by many The PRESIDENT pro ternporf. If there be no objection·, the reso- WlSe men to _be the great hope and security for the future. Always lution is before the Senate, and the Senator from Arkansas will pro- willing to endure the ills they have rather than fly to others they know ceed. . not of, so long as there can be any doubt of the propriety of a change Mr. JONES, of Arkansas. :M:r. President-, being now satisfied by our people are "slow to wrath" and there need be even now no fea; speeches made in ihe Senate within the last day or two by leading Re- of any hasty, passi~mate, or inconsiderate act\on; but if it is thought publican members that there is very great uncertainty as to when the that the people will never act, that because they appear to hesitate l\1ills bill will be reported back to this body, I have determined to they will always submit to wrong, let me say that they only intend change my original purpose to wait for the debate upon that bill, and to be sure that they are right and then they will go ahead. ,Remember haYe concluded to submit at this time some general remarks upon the that for years complaints came up from all quarters that the railroad question of tariff taxation, not attempting, of course, in the absence of managers were guilty of great injustice to the masses of the people in the bill to discuss details, and for this urpose I ask the indulgence of t~e management oftherr roads; that they were building up one indi the enate. Vldu.al or town at the expense of another; that they were making and The national revenues are excessi>e. Nobody denies that the col- ~nmaking fortunes by their fa"!oritism or prejudice; and were charg lectton of millions of dollars annually into the Treasury of the United mg unreasonable rat~ for s~rviCes, etc., yet the people, so. unwilling States more than is needed, more than can be used by the Govern- were they to act hastily, hesitated long. The matter was dlScussed in nient, and every dollar of which is needed in the ordinary channels of newspapers, upon the hustings, and in Congress, but at last, in God's business in the country, is little if any short of a crime. So much own good time, · actio~ came and all the money, influence, employes, was the President impressed by the necessity of some relief from this and power of the railroads could not prevent the enactment of the evil that be devoted his last annual message to a discussion of it and interstate-commerce law. That law has come to stay; it will be im urged upon Congress the necessit.y for prompt action. Commenting proved as time and experience shows its defects, but it will live and upon the present system and estimating the -probable surplus at the henceforth the railroads are subject to the law. ' beginning of the present .fiscal year at $140,000,000, be said: The present problem of reform of taxation by the National Govern- 'l'he public Treasury, which should only exist as a conduit, conveying the mentis a greater question than that, more far-reaching in its effects people's tribute to its legitimate objects of expenditure, has become a. hoarding and more important in its consequences. It bas been widelv consid place for money needlessly withdrawn from trade and the people's use, thus ere_d and the people are slowly but surely workin2: out ·a soiution of cripplingournationalenergies, suspendingourcountry'sdevelopment,prevent- th 1- A ~ iog investment in productive enterprise, threatening financial disturbance, and IS au.o. ttempt after attempt has been made, but not until this inviting schemes of public plunder. session has a bill passed t.he Honse of Representatives. This is an im- The House of Representatives almost two months since passed a bill portant step and clearly indicates that the people are coming to a con intended to remedy this evil, bnt, as is now evident, that bill will not elusion, for there is no surer representative of public opinion than become a law; in fact. it requires no power of prophecy to say that this great body coming directly from, in full sympathy with, and ire nothing will be done at this session of Congress to remedy this wrong. quently elected by the people. Bot-h political parties desire the surplus reduced, but they differ widely To clearly appreciate the opposite purposes of the two parties in the as to the reasons for it and consequently as to the method of reduction, present contest, and to fully and plainly understand the consequences and so strong is the feeling in each party against the methods proposed and effects of the plan proposed by each, it may be well to attempt to and the purposes intended by the other that no compromise is proba- state in plain and simple language the principles involved, and to con ble and no reduction is likely to be accomplished. sider them in so practical a way that they will be clearly comprehended In the opinion of the Republican party the surplus-the mere ac- and fully understood by those who are most interested and who must cumulation of money in the Treasury-is the only evil in this situa- finally decide this controversy-the ''plain common people.'' tion, an~ny means which will prevent this accumulation or dissi- THE RIGHT AND PoWER oF TAXATION. pate it after it is acco~plished seems in the opinion of that party to "The power to tax is the power to destroy." It js an attribute of meet all the requirements of the situation. On the other hand, the sovereignty, and as snch should always be exercised with the greatest Democratic party not only consider the surplus an evil of itself, but care and circumspection, for a wrong committed in the exercise of this they consider it also the accompaniment, the shadow merely, of a high function is practically without a remedy. Honest and patriotic graver one, excessive taxation. men, in view of this solemn responsibility, will not act in any doubt- Our national revenues are derived mainly from hvo sources-internal ful case in the exercise of this power against the interest of the general taxes and a part of the tariff taxes. The internal taxes are simple and public except under circumstances of the greatest emergency. direct; the tariff, complex and not readily understood. Every cent No good citizen will hesitat-e for one moment to contribute his fair collected under the one goes into the Trea,sury, while much the larger share toward the support of the Government. We are a law-abiding part of that which is collected under the other does not. and a law-respecting people, and no American wishes to be freed from For every dollar of revenue remitted under the one there will be ex- his proper share of the public burdens. In truth, in times of peril the actly the same amount of tax reduction and no more, while for every people have shown a willingness to come to the relief of the Govern dollar of reve~ue remitted under the other there will be a largely greater ment without stopping to consider the question of obligation, aa has reduction of wxation. been shown in every such instance in the nation's life; but while they The Hepublican party are agreed in desiring the reduction of the are thus willing to do all ''that may become a man,'' they a1·e notwill snrpius with the least possible reduction of taxes, one part of them for ing to submit to injustice under any form nor on any pretense. The this reas::>n favoring a reduction by the removal of internal taxes, while people are willing to pay any just and necessary tax-certainly no un auother part absolutely advocate a reduction of revenue by increasing necessary tax ought to be now collected, and no nnjnst tax ought ever taxation. to be, under any circumstances. Tho Democratic parly, on the other band, believing that there is no Any tax, even for the best and most commendable purposes, if im- constitutional power in Congress to lay taxes except to raise revenue, properly or unfairly levied and collected, is wrong, bnt levied and col would decrease the surplus by the largest possible reduction of taxa- lected for an 1mproper or unauthorized purpose it is an injury to the tion necessary to bring about the result. public, an injury to the state, of the very greatest character, amount- Great and threatening as are the evils of this mere accumulation of ing to a crime. The proper purpose of taxation is to raise money for money in the Treasury, the taxes from part of which it grows are a public uses, and excludes any idea of private benefit or gain. A tax much graver one; while that class of taxes which, bearing heavily upon levied for any other purpose is despotic and tyrannical. In this free all, does not contribute one cent to the revenue or to the surplus is the country where we are glad to claim t.hatall men are ''born equal,'' and most indefensible and inexcusable of the entire lot. where all admit that the laws ought to bear equally 11pon all men, the The issue is distinct; one party desires to be rid of the surplus only, taxes should be levied and collected from the property of the country and is willing to do this even by increasing the burden of taxation, in equal and uniform proportions. while the other insists that the surplus shall be remov-ed by removing As the real value of property depends upon its productive capacity I the unnecessary taxation upon which it rests. confess frankly that I would prefer, if possible, to see the revenues of It will be well for us to remember in this discussion that when we our country collected from the incomes derived from the wealth, the have failed to agree here we must appeal to the great body of Ameri- accumulated property of the people, but as it has seemed difficult to can people to determine this question, and that they must at last decide accomplish this, the plan adopted by most States seems reasonably fair between us. The plain, practical, common sense of the masses must at in its practical operation. These as a rule lay and collect taxes upon last determine this great problem, and we had best consider the lights the property of their citizens ad valorem. By this means a citizen with in whichitwillappeartothem. Theprinciplesuponwhichthewhole $10,000worth of property pays ten times as much tax as one with question rests are easily understood. $1,000 worth. This is fair, gives satisfaction, and commends itself to Our people are slow to make important changes in matters Qfpublic alljustmenandallloversoflibertyandequality. Ifthissystem is ob policy. A.s our fathers expressed it in the Declaration of Independ- jectionable at all, it is in that it bears equally upon all in proportion ence- to property without regard to the circumstanCes or condition of the All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while owner. 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8721 THE HOME. article is imported the Government will derive revenue in ex~t pro The very foundation of our civilization is the family, the home; ''it portion to the importations. If, now, an American manufacturer, see is the grandest of aU institutions," and is 11 the chief school of human ing that by reason of this increased price the manufacture of t~e arti virtue." In the language of President Cleveland- cle in this country will be profitable, enters into the business, he wi1l The strength, the perpetuity, and the destiny of the nation rest upon our sell his product at the market price, f. e., the foreign price with the tariff homes, established by the law of God, guarded by parental care, regulated by added. The increase in this price is caused by tbe tax, but when the ' parental authority, nnd sanctip.ed by parental love. domestic prod net is sold the manufacturer collects the increase, the tax, It i ,) then, the wisest statesmanship to build up and guard ~he homes and not the Government. If the manufacturer sells ten times as much of our people by wise laws and jealous care. Whatever lS for the of the article as is imported, the result is clear that he in his increased good of this great institution should be carefully ~urtured, and any prices collects ten times as much tax as the Government does. thin(}' in our laws inimical to its welfare and development ought to be In such a case we have the price to consumers increased upon domes abolished. Every dollar of the proceeds of daily labor which goes to tic and foreign goods; the consumer pays the tax in every purchase, but the simple support of the home ought to be freed from the burdens of the Government only collects upon tbe·imported articles, while the tax'ation. We exempt from taxation institutions of learning and manufacturers collect upon the domestic product. It is clear in the churches on account of the close connection of these with our ad illustration above that the tax is making the manufacturer rich; but vance ment and well-being, and the home for similar reasons ought to there is no difficulty in also seeing clearly that the consumers are taxed be also exempt, at least to the extent of the necessaries of life, for " a into poverty at just the same rate, and the community as a whole of home i3 no home unless it contains food and .fire for the mind as well which they form a part are neither poorer nor richer thereby. . . as lor the body." When the Government needs revenue for publicpurposesitis doubt It is with this idea, that the mere subsistence of the family oughtnot less wise to lay and collect such taxes, due care bein~ bad that tb.e tax to be taxed, that many of our States exempt from taxation a few hundred is not so high as to prevent importations and thereby defeat the pur dollars and collect their revenue from that which is owned beyond and pose of raising revenue. This being done there can be no harm to any in excess of that amount. '!'his is wise, humane, and statesmanlike, es one in any citizen taking advantage of this state of things to begin pecially in this country where the laws should be so framed as to bear manufacturing; there would in such a case be au increase of price re least upon the memhers of society who are struggling with adverse cir sulting from this tax which would be protection to him, incidental to cumstances, and should rest mainly upon those who are in affiuence. a revenue tax. · This is precisely the principle that underlies our free-school system. In But when the Government, not needing the revenue, deliberately that the property of every one is made to contribute to the education lays a tariff tax upon an article so high as to prevent importation, so of all, the child of him who pays the most receiving no more benefit as to defeat the collection of any revenue, and to serve only to increMe therefrom than the child of him who pays none. the cost to the customer, and to raise the prices received by the man Thus the policy of the States is seen to be to relieve from the exactions ufacturer, then, while the pretense is that the object is to raise reve of taxation the absolute necessaries for the home, the family, and after nue for the Government, its real purpose is manifestly to lay a tax on this that all property, all accumulated capital shall be taxed in uni all consumers to be collected by the manufacturers. form proportions for the support of the Government and for the educa This is illustrated in the caee of cotton bagging. As I had occasion tion of the young. to state to the Senate when I presented a resolutiondirectingtbeCom In our national finances this beneficent purpose is entirely wanting, mittee on Finance to investigate the combination of cotton-bagging and in its room we find what appears to be a determination that taxes manufacturers, there are used in the United States 50,000,000 yards of for national purposes shall not be laid upon the wealth of the country this article yearly. There is a tariff tax of3 cents per yard upon it, aud at all, but upon the poverty and necessities of the people instead, the as a result not a yard is imported. That the manufacturers get the great burden ofthe support of theNational Government being laid upon full benefit of this 3 cents per yard is shown by the statement of one the homes, and not upon the property of the people. It would seem of them that a sligb t ad vance in price prod need importations, showing that those who conceived and organized the system bad framed it upon that at a figure slightly above our usual market price, foreign manu the idea that- fa.cturers could ship their products to us, realizing, of course, for them To him that hath shall be given, and he shall ha.ve abundance; but from him selves 3 cents pt>r yard less than our market price. that hath not shall be taken a. way e>en that which he hath. Thus it will be seen clearly that these American manufacturers, There is no assessment of property for Federal taxation, there is no under the operation of this law, collect out of the cotton-growers the account taken by the Federal Government of the fact that one man sum of $1,500,000 per year, while the Government does not get a owns a million of dollars' worth of property, while his neighbor lives nickel and the surplus is not increased one cent. Can the plain, com by his daily labor, when contributions from each are required for the mon people be misled into believing that this is just and constitutional support of the Government. _ No beneficent exemptions in favor oftbe taxation? The Constitution authorizes the Government to l:ly and family and the home find their place in the national statute-books, but collect taxes, not lay taxes that a class of favored private citizens may on the contrary, as if the home and the family were institutions to be collect. Here, then, is a tax which clearly ought to be abolished, yet taxed out of existence, the bnrdens of taxation are nicely arranged and the surplus would not be affected thereby to the extent of a single adroitly adjusted to bear directly upon them, and with a weight in dollar. creasin~ as thescaleofpovertyincreases; it is a tax upon consumption, If any doub~ existed in the mina of any man as to whether this ta.x a tax upon liberty, a tax upon poverty, but not a tax upon property. was too high the recent dishonest swindling combination of manufact The rule is that the lower-priced and cheaper imports must pay a urers to raise the price has removed it, aud I take it that no man will higher rate of taxation than the more costly goods of the same kind be so lost to every sense of justice as to be willing to allow this in $100 worth of diamonds is taxed $10, while $10 worth of castor-oil is famous proceeding to be longer continued or repeated hereafter. For taxed $18. The poor man who conilumes of necessity articles of cloth such taxation in our form of Government there can certainly be no ex ing which are protected pays in, proportion to his consumption-each cuse or palliation. article pays its share; clothing, hats, and shoes he must have, and In the lwguage of the President- when be buys them he pays the tax; if his income is $500 a year and When we consider that the theory of our institutions guaranties to every cit all of it is spent for these things, he pays just as much toward the sup izen the full enjoyment of all the fruits of his industry and enterprise with only port of the Government as he whose income is $100,000 a year if his such deductions as may be his share toward a. careful and economical mainte nance of tl!e Government which protecls him, it is plain that the exaction of family consumes only as much as the other. This is so plain that there more than this is an indefensible extortion and a. culpable betrayal of Ameri· can be no misunderst-anding it, and it does not require a professor ot can fairness and justice. political economy to know that this is an outrage, that there is no Yet the fact remains that while. our tariff taxes are so laid as to equality in it; and the great tribunal before whom this question is bring into the national Treasury about $200,000,000 per annum they soon to be appealed for trial will readily see and promptly condemn take from the people for the benefit of the protected industries many this wrong...... , times this vast sum. This legislating by indirect and unfair means P URPOSES OF FEDER.t~L TAXATION. agairi.st the masses and in favor of the industries is so arranged as to Having considered to some extent the unjust methods of laying and come like a 11 thief in the night," and it is next to impossible to tell collecting onr national taxes, I propose now to consider for a few min accurately how much is abstracted, but enough is known to know that utes the graver evil oi the purposes for which they are collected. In it aggregates perhaps a thousand millions of dollars each year. It has presenting my views upon this question I shall attempt to illustrate been so estimated again and again by skilled and competent men after what I mean, by instances here and there, so that "he who runs mav the most careful examination. This is protection, pure and simple, read'' my meaning. . w and this is what the Republican party solemnly declare shall not.be Whenever a tariff tax is laid upon any article, from that moment any abandoned. man, citizen or foreigner, bringing such nq article into this country INFANT INDUSTRIES. must pay this tax at the custom-house of the port in which the article The pretenses under which this system of naked robbery is defended is landed. From this one of two results is inevitable, either the article are various, inconsistent, and unpbilosophical. will not be brought in, or if it is imported it must cost the consumer When it was just beginning, the purpose was alleged to be to protect just that much more than he otherwise would have to pay for it. ''infant industries.'' The understanding was that this was to continue If there is no importation of the article the Government will derive but a limited tinfe, and the quantum of protection was quite moderate no revenue from the tax, because there is none to collect; but if the indeed, being from 5 to 15 per cent. prior to the beginning of the "{)res- ·x.IX-54:G 8722 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD:-SENATE. SEPTEJ\IBER 19, ent century; but as time has passed and the infants have grown and party in ability, statesmanship, and experience, has, during this session, waxed fat, instead of being willing to stand alone, they have grown said that the leading question at issue is- strong enough to defy f(}r years all efforts to reduce their share of'' pap,'' The duty of Congress to protect tho industries of this country from undue until now, in this year of our Lord 1888, at the end of a centuryofna- competition with the labor of Europe. tional life the convention of a great party has boldly declared that- I invite special and critical attention to this declaration. He who We favor the entire repeal of internal taxes rather than the sunender of any made it weighs his words and speaks with deliberation and care. It part of our protective system. will be seen that if this is the real purpose of the party to which he And upon this declaration in favor of free whisky rather than cheaper belongs that it is not to protect American labor. The candid, open, clothingandnecessaries, the venerable and able leader of protectionists refreshing avmrnl seems to be made in this declaration that the object. exclaimed in his place in the House of Representatives: of the Republican party is to protect industries against undue compe Now Lord Iettest thou thy servant depa.rt in peace, for mine eyes have seen tition with the labor of Europe. It is industries and not the labor in the salvation of the Republican party· them that is to be pro tectecl. This decJ aration is a charming confes<>ion This exclamati~n on his part is not to be wondered at, for he had of the truth of what I have been trying to demonstrate-that all this long since turned his back on this false pretense and had sa1d twenty pretense of solicitude for American labor is mere acting to catch votes, years .ago that he would- while the real purpose is to enable the manufacturers to sell their prod protect every feeble or infant branch of industry and quicken those that ru:e ucts to American consumers at advanced prices while they employ the robust. · cheapest labor the world affords. '.l;he Republican party now boldly declares that ''the protectivesys- The commissioner of labor of New York only last year reported tem must be maintained." All pretenses that it is for a temporary officially (I quote his own words): purpose or for infant industries is at last laid aside, and the American In many largo industrial establishments there is not a single American at people are put upon notice that their slavery is to be, not temporary work. This is the sworn testimony of several of the largest rnanufncturet·s in as at :first promised, but eternal. the State. Of course, tile presence of so large a. number of foreign-born work- I thank the Republic"·" party for throwing off the dis!!uiSe and aVOW- ers can not but h:we. au injurious effect upon the trades in which thty have - ""'"' ~ practically secured a monopoly-for that monopoly means the exclnsion of ing their real purpqse. The Democratic parby on the other hand de- .American labor. clares that it- _ And just here it maynot be amiss to note that while the rapacity of Indorses_the effort!! of our Democratic representatives in Congress to secure Ithese people leads t. hem to sow the wind, that the natural consequence a reduction of excessive taxation. of their own conduct wiJI be to reap the whirlwind for this same re- And thus the issue is joined. . port also has the statement of a manufacturer, as fohows~ The Democratic House of Representatives have reported and passed so far as my observation goes in regard to sttikes the most unreasonable and and sent to us for our sanction a bill providing for a moderate reduc- hot-headed are foreigners, many of them not naturalized citizens and who ca.:·e tion of taxation a reduction of the present average tax of 47 per cent. li~Ie or· nothing for our institutions. to about 42 pe~ cent. To this the l~epublican party will not agree, Their greed m.ay yet be their ruin. 'l'heyshould remember that the but will either adhere to the declarations of the Chicago convention laws of God are eternal and. always work out just results, and lie bas and boldly advocate high-priced necessaries and low-priced whisky, or said that- else, driven by the public sentiment of an outraged people, they will He that oppresseth the poor to increase his riches and be that givelll to the pretend to ab2ndon this doctrine ::md offer some reduction of tariff t:u- rich shall come to want. ation which will.relieve the people as little as possible; while "keep- Upon this subject 1\fr. Powderly, a leading representative of labor, ing the word of promise to the ear will break it to the hope;" which recently used the following language: will remove those taxes only which are collected by the Government, Nine million seven hundred thousand immigrn.nts have landed since 1. 1- · d · t h" h 11 t d more than the combined population of New York and Pennsylvnn.ia,llllllas and will allow t h ose more oppressive all! nnJUS w lC are co ee e much as the total population of Arizona, .Arkansas, California., Colorado, Con- by the manufactureri3 to remain. necticut, Dakota, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Lonisiana,l'tiaine,Maryland, THE INTEREST OF LABOR. Minnesota, 1\Ionta.na., Nebraska, Nevada, New HaropBhire, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Washington Territory. West Virginia, and 'Vyoming. The This pretense of protecting infant industries having been practically population which came previous to 1860was civilized; that which comes to-duy outgrown, and a century ~f prott:cti~n having demonstrated t~at ~he is, in a great proportion, semi· barbarom!. f these protected rndustries 18 to be eternal, the p_rotectiOnlSts So long as this tide of unrestricted immigration is permitted to sweep in tltey infancy O will take no steps to reform conditions at home. ''Ve must check it at once, or, found it necessary to present the pretense that labor has m some way instead of Am.ericanizing those who come, they will Europeanize us. an jnterest in this, and they at once declare themselves "devoted to These proofs of the falsity of the pretense that labor is protected by the protection of American labor and industries." That they are de- the tariff" against the pauper labor of Europe" are not needed to con voted to the protection of the industries-to the manufacturers-needs vince the massesr as their ex:Qerience teaches them that the pTotected no proof; their conduct demonstrates that. But th~ir conduct just a:s industries will get all they cau by protection and pay just as little as conclusively proves that they are not devoted to the mterests of Amen- possible for labor. can labor. The truth is "they are blindly wedded to the corporate The tariff was enormously increased during the war. This wa.s done powers of the country and have no proper regard for the interests of to raise revenue, as the Government required extraordinary sums in the labor." • emergencies of the period.. It was distinctly understood at the time That the manufacturers reap a rich harvest from protection is self- that these extraordinary rates of taxation should continue only so long evident, but that the laborers receive any benefit from it is as certainly as the emergency continued, and the promise of reduction has been re untrue. Every citizen knows that the supply and demand, the regu- peated a thousand times since by the leading men of the Republican lar mn,rket mice, will regulate the price of labor. As has been well party. But those who are reaping the lion's share of the profits of this said when there are two-laborers and one employer the employer will system having become accustomed to the vast advantageq they derive :fix the price oflabor, but when there js one laborer and two employers from it' and being now the absolute masters of the Republican party, the laborer will make the price. Those who have put themselves to will not consent to-any reduction, but insist instead that the system the tronble to notice have seen reductions in wages immediately upon shall become perpetual. the increase of the tariff too often to be misled by any pretense that the One of the ablest advocates of this system recently, in the course of object of the tariff is to protect labor. The protectionists themselves an argument intended to persuade us that all that we have of prosperity demonsti:ate the dishonesty of this pretense. comes from protection, uses the following language: The claim is that American labor can not compete with the poorer What country can show such a trade as ours, such comme1·ce, such immense fed and poorer paid labor of Europe, and yet, while they have covered transportation lines, sue~ a volume ~f exchanges, and such marvelous proc!uc our statute· books with laws to keep out the products of the labor of tion from the raw material to the fimshed product? Its balance-sheet 1s Wlth ~orel· ~ners 1.,,ve lined the co·""ts Wl.th custom-houses and covered the out a parallel in the world's histot:Y· ri!illest in agriculture, gr~tes~ in its do .L' !:!. ' u.... ' roestio trade and tra.ffie, and leading In manufactures any natwn 1n EnrOJ?e· l!!eas with ship3 to prevent the importation of the products of labor, Wbyabandonapolicywhichcan pointtosuchachieveroentsand whosetroplucs they have not made an effort toP. revent the importation of the very are to be seen on every hand? The internal commerce of the United States is th greater than the entire foreign commerce of Great Britain, France, Germany, labor itself aaainst the products of which the 1aws are passed , and · ey Russia, Holland, Belgium, and Austria-Hun~ry.. Why, a single railr?ad sys- rejoice that R men :were on the free-list," and consider them "the most tern in this country (that of the Pennsylvarna Ra1Jroad Co~pany) carnes ~~ro valuable commodity we can import," while their candidate for Presi- tonnage and traffic in a single year than all the merchant ships of Great Br1tnm. h The whole of Europe has not built as many miles of railroad as this countrv has dent ''can not easily let go of the old idea that ours is the free orne daring some recent years, and .in 1880 the .whole known world _di~ ~ot Ia~ as • of all comers." many miles of track as were la1d across th1s country. Great Brttam s foretgu Tl · t t d th fi · tl b · b t there is no pro commerce equals about one-sixth of our domestic commerce. Can we do better 1 e 1ubnc lS pro ec e versus e oretgn a nc, u - under any other fiscal policy? -...ve say not. Wise statesmanship commands ns, tection to the bborer against the foreign laborer. The very men are therefore, to let well enough alone. brcu~ht into this country~ drh·e Americn.ns out of the prott:cted in- Another distinguished protectionist in an open letter to the Presi· dus~nes b~c.·u~se these fore1gners mll ~ork cheaper t~an An:en~an~ as dent of the United States-and to the Speaker of the House o~ Repr~ the mvestigabons of tJ:e House comnnttee recently ;n Sessl~n m New sentatives, which he thought of sufficient importance to be pr~te:d m York show, n-ages lmvmg been redu~ed 60 ;per cent. rn some rns!a-nces, pamphlet form and laid upon all our tables, uses the followrng Ian whil-e protection has been kept up all the time; and yet the pla.m peo- guage· pie of this country are ~ked to continue _this tax upon the?ISelves to The ~eriod since the war-1865-'87-has witnessed stdkes, lockouts., tho or enable these pets of UnJ~t laws. to pay high wages to American !abo:. I ganizationoflabor, offensive and defe~ive, to.an extent ~ever before known The Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN], the foremost man of hlS in this country. and to-day shows a. feelmgofw1despread diScontent among the / 1888. CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8723 masses of the people, and the avowal on the part of nota. few, of a.desireto over They have been deceived in the past and it is being attempted now, throw the present organization of society. It winds up with the execution of several men and the sentence of imprisonment for life of others fol" consequences and will be continued until the intelligence of the masses shall see growing out of these feelings, these avowals, all unmistakable indications of through and dissipate false pretenses. I am rejoiced to know that bad g Georgia would be in a like manner benefited by 11rotection of their own will s~ll his goods to the cotton-grower too cheap, in the opinion of the citizens against the people of .all other States? If these arguments are Amencan protected manufacturer. good, why is it not necessary to protect the white farmer of Ohio or The farmers of this country are an honorable class. They eat their the white mill laborer of Massachusetts against the poor and ignorant bread in the sweat of their faces ali the days of their lives; they furnish negro laborer of Mississippi and Louisiana? Yet here in this country . us nine-tenths of all ouT great exports; they supply the food for the we have the spectacle of educated intelligent labor in the Northern millionsofthis great continent; theysupplycottonto clothe the world. States entering without complaint and without injury into competition In times of danger by millions they are ready to pres~nt their bosoms with the unlettered, unskilled, yes, pauper negro labor of the South. like a stone wall jn opposition to any foe; they are the foundation, sup- These people live in cabins, wear coarse clothes, are accustomed to port, defense, and hope of this country. From their ranks comes al the plainest food, are unlettered and untaught, and so far undeveloped most every man who towers above his fellows. The President of thirty as to create doubts in many minds whether they can be developed to a or forty :years from now is somewhere on a furm. Your future generals high degree; yet with this competition (which was, too, at one time and statesmen are now in that nursery of great men. Why should this greatly feared) this intelligent labor competes successfully and has not great class of honored citizens be discriminated against, be made hew been in any sense injured. .All this shows the power of superior skill ers of wood and drawers of water to their brethn n? This will not a) and brains. ways be so. The spirit and the numbers are with them, and their If this freedom to trade with whomsoever they chose bas been bene- modesty and conservatism will not always preYent an assertion by force :ficial in such a degree amongst the States might it not be well to ha>e of their superior numbers and the justice, fairness, and righteousness the right to trade with other countries, hampered only so far as is nee~ of their cause, of their rights to equality under the law. Great as are essary to raise revenue? the ~a!lufacturing industries in this c,ountry, all-important as the pro- Centuries ago there was almost no trade amongst the nations of the tectiomsts assure us they are, the census of 1880 shows that the capital earth, and what little there was was slow, difficult, and dangerous~ · invested in them and in farming was as follows: =0a:;sfr~~:C~~!:: ~;r::~s~a;tt~n;~:~~:as:~~:~{ ~~co;:~~r~~ :/:;~[!~~~.~~~~:: : :~~ :::::::::::::::::::.::::::::: :::::::::~::::::: :::~::::~: ·.::::: ::::: ~; i~; ~: ~~ things restored? If this theory of protection, of restricti~n. and em- While from the ~ame authority we find that of persons employed in barrassment of trade, for after all that is just what it means, is the each there were- ~:;d::a ~b~~~=~~;o~ ~~~:~ ~~~ ~:r!~~~~~~~;· stia~ ~=:~~~·~~·::.~·::::.:·:.:·:~:·.:·:.·:::.:::::·::.::·.~~·::::::.::·:::.::::·:.:·:~::::·.::·.::::::·::.::::::::: ~: ~: :g and lightning is a great misfortune. It is astonishing that anybody in From. which it seems that there are employed almost :five times as this age should advocate a doctrine which leads to such a conclusion, much capital in furming as in manufacturing and three times as D."Ulny yet such :is the result ofprotection. It would turn back the wheels of people. Yet the gross product was: i~~g:::;e~~~1~d~~~J:~f7~ a~~ ~:s ~~!:ua~~; 1:.~~~;:~~;~~~ ~:r~1:~~.~.::~~~::::::::::::::::~:~:::::::::::::::::::::·.:·.:·:.:·:::::::::::.~·::::::::::. ~·.~~:~: ~~ the world. The average product of a laborer in manufacturing is $1,960.49, Another proof of the falsity of theil' claim that the purpose of pro- while the average product of a laborer in farming is $288.44. . tection is to raise wages is the fact, which no one will deny, that no Yet we are gravely told that farmers must be taxed, not only now ,higher wages are paid in probected than in unprotected industries. but for all time, to benefit this other class. · now FARMERS ARE AFFECTED. Living apart from each other, constantly employed in mind and body But suppose, for the sake !Jf argument, that the laborers in the pro- in the stru~le for a living, the farmers have been slow to note the ef tected industries do get the benefit of this tax, why should the 15,- fects of combination amongst others; but the lesson has at last been 892,099 workers who are not engaged in protected industries be taxed forced upon them, .and they too are moving; with the same high pur to make high wages for those who are, being fewer in number than pose which 1\Ir. Hewitt imputes to the English workingmen, they in- 1, 000,000 people? tend to observe the •' limits of right and justice," but conscious that The laborers in protected industries are ~ured that while the they are the g1·eat interest of this country, that they have more men, masses are taxed they get the benefit of it, that it raises their wages. more money, and more homes involved in this great controversy than At the same time the farmers are assured that the real purpose of pro- any othet· class, they are learning their power and their rights and are tection is to build up a market for their products, and in an argument preparing to assert them. There is now a greater spirit of inquiry, a to farmers ye.ars ago Mr. KELLEY said: more earnest seeking for light and the truth amongst this great body of 1 find that whenever our duties have been low immigration has fallen off, and men th"an has ever been seen before. They are perhaps the most con whenever our dutie.s have been high the volume of immigration has increased. serva..tive .class of all our citizens. They will think well and calmly This seems to be a. fixed law. before they strike. They will do no injustice to anybody, but they This was perhaps not the kind of argument to use to convince ·the will understand their rights, and will demand them, · laborers in protected industries that the sole purpose of protection was Of course the cohesive power of public plunder will hold the pro to protect them against competition with pauper labor of Europe, for tectionists together. They are a drilled, disciplined, and thoroughly this would plainlysbow that whenever protection is high and the man- · or~anized army, compact and active, and have unlimited money at ufacturers are reaping great harvests the European laborers are brought their disposal. The stakes they play for are immense. They know over in greatest numbers to take the place of high-priced American that to succeed they must mislead all the voters they can into joining labor; but it was good to show to farmers that more consumers of farm with them. Their great enemy is the Democratic party; they fear products are by this means brought into this country, with the purpose nothing but this. It has for years denounced their wrongs and bas of making them believe that this would insure them a '.'magnificent steadily demanded reform. It has grown in power and strength and market." influence in each contest. It has shown itself to be the party of the The logic of e-vents always exposes a false position. If this increase people and liberty, until now it is almost within reach of the power to of population was to insure high prices for farm products, why is wheat accompiish the great purposes for which it has struggled so longJ aud now worth only one-third of what it was twenty years ago? We have with a leader who has shown himself wise, able, and patriotic, and an had high protection all the time just forthe purpose of making wheat unselfish man of the people. high, if protectionist argument to wheat-growers are true; yet wheat Theprotectionistsknowtbatwithoutdissensionsanddivisionamongst has declined greatly. Mr. President, the farmers who make the wheat the Democrats they can no longer resist the reduction of unjust taxa of this country know that the pnce of their product is fixed by the ti.on, hence their unlimited campaign fund will be used without stint markets of the world. They know that if the manufacturer whosup- or scruple in misleading, deceiving, and dividing them if possible; plies his laborers can buy his wheat or his fl.om cheaper in Europe than shrewd, .able, unscrupulous men will not he wanting to urge cunningly here he will do so; so the price of his wheat here in the United States devised complaints against that party; wrongs, real or fancied, will be is :fi.xed by the price in Europe. He thus comes without any sort Qf paraded and exaggerated with the purpose ofdividingand thereby weak protection in open and direct competition with the real pauper labor ening those who ought now to ad together; hired candidates will ap of India and the serf labor of Russia. That argrunent will not serve pea.r everywhere howling ''down with the l\1111sgang;" hireling, venal to deceive the practical men of this time. ' newspapers wlll be enlisted and paid for everywhere t..o foment discord The cotton· grower knows well enough that the prica of his crop is amongst those who are being plundered for the purpose of dividing the :fixed by the Liverpool price. He knows that this brings him in direct only party that can bring relief and continuing for "yet a little while" and personal competition, not with English and European labor, but this system of iniquity. with that of Egypt and Brazil, and it will be long before you make Despots and tyrants in past ages were able to maintain their control him believe that while he is thus forced into open competition with the over their people only by divisions amongst them, fm;nented by the hire lowest and poorest paid labor on the globe, that he and his little ones ling minions of-power. The hydra-beaded monster which is now ab ougbt to be taxed to save others of his fellow-citiz.ens from an equally sorbing the entire wealth produced by this nation must, if it retains open competition with intelligent European labor. its gra.sp upon the country, resort to these tactics. It is clearly in the The cotton-grower is compelled to lind a market for his cotton in minority; force will not serve its purpose now; fraud and deception, the England, but he is not allowed to buy his cotton goods of the man who corrupting power of money, are the only means left by which it can boys his cotton, but is compelled to come back to this side of the oeean hope to control the majority. to buy of an American manufacturer-all this because the Englishman These means are being unscrupulously resorted to at this moment, . 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8727 and will be used for all they are worth every day and hour until this Mr. STEWART. If it involves no discussion, I will yield. struggle is over. Mr. PALMER. If it does I will withdraw the bill I wish to call up. The carefully sown seeds of discord are beginning to bear fruit on Mr. STEWART . Very well. . every hand. Every enthusiast is encouraged to believe ~bat this is the ST. CLAIR FLATS SHIP-CANAL. auspicious moment to press his hobby to a successful ISsue and save 1rir. PALMER. I ask the Senate to proceed to the consideration of mankind. When was it ever the case until now that there were seven the bill (H. R.11446) to amend an act entitled "Au act making appro candidates for the Presidency of the United States? Such efforts at priations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain pub tricks and schemes in politics as are being made at this moment were lic works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes," approved July never before known. Only a few days ·ago the dispatches announced 5, 1884. that in my State there would be in the presenb Presidential election a The bill was read twice, and by unanimous consent considered asin fusion between the Republican and Union Labor parties. The purpose Committee of the Wbole. of, this is manifest, but it will fail. Mr. PALMER. The object of the bill is to include the St. Clair There is in Arkansas, as well as in other States, an organization of Flats Canal in the list of canals which are under the supenision of the • . farmers known as the Wheel. It is not a political organization in any War Department. By some inadvertence in the river and harbor act sense, but is simply an association of farmers, i!lte!lded to secure co-_oper of 1884 it was omitted. In that act the Des Moines Rapids Canal, the ation among themselves for the purpose ofbnngmg about the "'!ell-be St. Mary's Falls Canal, and the Louisville and Portland Canal were in ing and advancement of the great mass of people who engage m that cluded. The object of the bill is merely to amend section 7 of the act business. It is intended to promote investigation and a better under of 1884 in that respect. standing of the moral, social, economic, as well as political forces· affect The bill has the approbation of all the members of the Committee on ing their interests. A strong effort is being made to divert this org::m Commerce of the Senate whom I could find, with the exception of tile ization from its real purposes to Eerve the personal en~s of artful dem Senator from Texas (Ur. CoKE]. I would have approached him if it aaogues. Certain political pariahs, blatant, self-seeking demagogues, had not been for the discourtesy of talk'ing in front of the Senator from h~ve sought to ''have" this organization as the devil sought to have Arkansas [Mr. JoNES], who was making a speech. The Sen3.tor from Peter, but they will not succeed. Maine [1\Ir. FRYE], the Senator from Oregon (1\Ir. DoLPH], the Sen In a recent interview in a Western paper of wide circulation the can ator from Missouri (?t-Ir. VEST] 1 and myself~ all approve of the measure. dida.te for Vice-President on the Union Labor ticket is reported to have Mr. PLATT. May I ask a question? said: Mr. STEWART . If Senators are going to discuss the bill I must in The Union Labor party afforded the Whee!ers the mea~s of acco!Dplishing sist on proceedin~ with my remarks. their ends in politics. I may say that there IS not a. promment Umon Labor party man in Arkan as who is not a. Wheeler. Thnt will show yon how close :Mr. P ALUER. There will be no discussion of it. tlle relationship between the two is. Mr. PLATT. I am not going to discuss it. I wish to ask if the The fact "that there is not a prominent Union Labor party mau in bill in any way touches the question of the disputed jurisdiction of the Arkansas who is not a Wheeler,'' and the other fact, carefully left out St. Clair Flats Canal. of view by this aspirant for the Vice-Presidency, that not one Wheeler Mr. PALMER. Not at all. It merely puts it under Government in a hundred is a member of the Union Labor party, shows the whole superVISion. The action is so uecessary that I think the Senate will case very distinctly. The" prominent" Union Labor party- ~en have not object to it. · gotten into the Wheel to play the part that the serpent did ill Eden. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to . They have hoped that the Wheel afforded_ them the means o~ acco~ a third reading, read the third time, and· passed. plishing their ends in politics, and they have gone about domg theu 1\IESSAGE FROJ.\1 THE HOUSE. master's bidding to the best of their ability. A message from the House of Representatives, by ltlr. CLARK, its / By false promises, by perversions of records they hope to lead earnest Clerk, announced that the House insisted on its amendments to the bili men into the support, either directly or indirectly, of a party and prin (S. 2851) to amend au act entitled "An act to regulate comruerce," ciples which they detest. Four-fifths o! the inte~ent p~opl~ of Ar approved February 4, 1887, disagreed to by the Senate, agreed to the kansas are to-day in thorough accord With the President ill hiS great conference asked by the Senate, and had appointed Mr. CrrrsP, Mr. struggle for the rights of our outraged and plundered farmers. They ANDERSO~ of Iowa, and Mr. O'NEILL of Pennsylvania the managers are, whether Wheelers or not, earnestly devoted to the cause of Democ at the conference on the part of the House. racy and the great principles it has. always taught. If by any mea~s PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL MESSAGE. this greab mass of people could be mduced to thro": the vote of theu The PRESIDING OFFICER. TheSenateresnmes the consideration State away in this struggle it might be the salvaho? of the pres~nt of the resolution submitted by the Senator from Ohio [ Ir. SHERJIAN] sy tern of robbery. What would the great protected mterest not give to refer the President's annual messa-ge to the Comm1ttee on Finance, for such a result? on which the Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEW.ART] has the floor. If by insidious and devious methods the willing and pliant tools of Mr. STEWART. I propose to discuss the tariff, money, and politiC?, protection can so far divide and mislead the voters of this great siTong and shall begin with a brief review of the origin of the American sys hold of freedom, as to prostitute this great agricultural organiz~tion to tem for the protection of home industry. the purposes 6f protection, they will have deserved well of therr mas Commercial and industrial independence absorbed the attention of ters, and will be amply rewarded. But I know the people of .Arkansas too well to have any, the slight the colonies for generations before poli ti~'l.l independence was considered. est, fear of their success. Cunningly devised, adroitly managed, and The various devices adopted by Great Britain to depress the industries of the early American colonies for the benefit of the mother country unscrupulously followed up, this scheme will fa~ ofits purpose, and the attest the genius, brutality, and selfishness of the British Government aulhors of iii will be covered with the confuRion and shame that the contempt of all good men will shower upon them as the reward of their in her efforts to hold the colonies in a state of poverty and dependence. unholy attempt to betray the cause of liberty. The Democrats of She denied them the privilege of trading with any foreign country, and Arkansas tho e who believe in theetemal principles of that great party, the whole force of the British navy was used as a guard to prevent for whetherfarmersornot, whetherWheelersornot, will befoundrecording eign int-ercourse with Americn. their votes in November as they have always done, in favor of the great The laws enacted by Great Britain to prevent manufactures in the several colonies and trade between the colonies are monuments of pru ty of the people and its nominees. . . cruelty, stupidity, folly, and despotism. The people were not allowed Some good men will doubtless ~e led asf:ray by these :r;mruons of to use a boat, or a ship, or a carriage, or a pack-horse, to carry wool, protection-the very elect are sometrmes de~eived-b!lt theu ~ur~oso or any manufacture of wool, from one colony to another; they could in fomenting discord amongst Democrats w1ll be plainly seen ill time not land wool from an islancl in a haTbor or convey it across a river. to avoid all danger. I believe as ~Ir. Lincoln is quoted as saying: No British soldier stationed in America was allowed to buy more than You may deceive part of the ~ople all the time, and all o~ the people part of the time; bnt no party can dece.tvc all of the people all the tune. 40 shillings' worth of -woolens in the colonies. Many families were destitute of the English Bible, and yet they were not allowed to print The hope of this conn try is in the honesty, sincerity, and good sense it in America. The country was the home of the beaver, and to prevent of the masses; all of them will not be led astray1 and honesty and good government will prevail. the colonists from manufacturing their own hats·no man could be a. hatter or a journeyman hatter ullless he had served seven years' ap In the language of n. great editor I believe- prenticeship. No American hat could be sent from one colony to an That humanity is advancing, lllld that there is progre s in.human life and hu man affairs, and that as sure as God lives the fnlure will be greater and better other or loaded on a horse or cart fm conveyance. America abounded thnn the present or the past. in the best quality of iron ore, wood, and coal, but slitting mills, steel Believing this, I have no doubt that unjust and unequal laws must furnaces, and plating forges were prohibited. These are specimens go, and that in this country people will not only be created equal but of the laws of Great Britain which forced the colonies into revolt. that they will yet live equals, under the equal operation of just and Mr. Bancroft, in his history of the United States, gives many pages imparti..'l.l1aws. of the comnion talk among the colonists, showiug their condition and Ur. STEWART . .Mr. P,resident- the oppression of Great Bntain. For the purposes of illustration I 1\fr. PALMER. I ask the Senator from Nevada to give way for two quote the following: or three minutes. "It is plain," said even the calmest, "Englishmen do not regru:d Americans RS members of the same family, brothers and equals, but as subordmates, bound The PRESIDING OFFICER {:Mr. CHACE in the chair). Does the to submit to oppression at their pleasure." "A bill was e~· e n orepare~." th?s Senator from Nevada yield to the Senator from Michigan? men warned each other against new dn ngers, '' tbat. au thonzed qunrtenng Bnt- 8728 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-SEN ATE. SEPTE:l\IBER 19 J ishsoldicrsuponAmerican privatefamllies." "And is no~ our property seized," power, to promote any well-founded scheme of trade and manufnctore to which they further exclaimed, "by men who cry, 'Gh·e, give,' and never say,' Enough,' the circumstances of this State are adapted and the profits of which shall arise and thrown into a prerogative court to be forfeited without a jury?" and center with her own citizens. "There is not silver enough in the colonies to pay for the stamps," computed .Resolved, That the present circumstances of this State are adapted to the patriot financiers, "and the trade by which we could get more is prohibited." manufacture of the coarser woolens, cottons, linens, cordage, leather, and iron, ''And yet," declared the eager merchants of New York, "we have a natural and t.he production of salted pork and beef, of butter, cheese, soap, tallow, and right to every freedom of tt·ade of the English." "To tax us and bind our com· candles. merce and restrain manufacturesr" reasoned even the most patient, "is to bid · Resowed, therejo1·e, That we will use the utmost ot our exertions to promote us make brick without straw." ' The Northern colonies will be absolutely re- agriculture in general, and more particularly those parts of it which tend most stricted from using any articles of clothing of their own fabric," predicted one to the encouragement of our manufactures and to the diminution of our foreign colony to another. And men laughed as they added, "Catching a mouse within importations. . - His Majesty's colonies with a trap of ou1· own making will be deemed, in the The A.ssoc·at·on of M ""'"h t4-~ ed '4-~~ • • th ii 11 ministerial cant, an infamous, atrocious. and nefarious crime." "A colonist,'' 1 1 as.~ use "" express Iu::~ VIews In e 0 OW• murmured a Boston man who had dipped into Grenville's pamphlet, "a col· ing manner: onist can not make a horseshoe or a. hob-nail but some iron-monger of Britain Whereas the excessive use of articles of foreign g1·owth and manufacture has shall baw1 that he is robbed by the' American republican.' " " Yes. they are even been attended with the most pernicious consequences by exha ustlng oor circu- stupid enough," it was said in the town of Providence, "to judge it criminal for lating medium and by diffusing a taste for extravagance; and · us to become our own manufacturers." Whereas it is of the utmost importance to encourage industry, frugality, and "We will eat no lamb,'' promised the multitude, seeking to retaliate; "we our own manufactures, torecoveracirculatingmedium, to restore public credit; will wear no mourning at funerals." "We wlll none of us import. British to facilitate tbe payment of public and private debts, and thereby to promote goods," said the traders in the to0wns. The inhabitants of North Carolina set the welfare and happiness of our country: up looms for weaving their own clothes and South Carolina was ready to follow With a view to these salutary and important purposes, we, the subscribers, do the example. "The people," wrote Lieutenant-Governor Sharpe, of Mary- hereby enter into a solemn agreement and association to refrain from and, as land, "will go on upon manufactures." "We will have home-spun markets of far as in our power, to prevent, the excessive use and consumption of articles of linens and woolens," passed from mouth to mouth, till it found its way across foreign manufacture, especially articles of luxury and extravagance; and that the Atlantic and alarmed the king in council: "the ladies of the first fortune Iwe will exert our bE'st endeavors for the promotion of industry and our own Bhall set the example of wearing home-spun;" "it will be accounted a virtue manufactures. Jn them to.weara garment of their own spinnin_g." "A little at-tention to manu- The people of Pennsylvania were thoroughly aroused The inhab- factures will make us ample amend'> for the dtstresses of the present day, and . . . · render us a great, rich, and happy people." Ita.nts of Germantown adopted. the followmg resolution: . ts f thi h t · ht b 11 t d h . · We will individually exert our 'utmost influence for the promotion of iudos- V 0 1umes o f sent rm~n O s C arac er m1g e CO ec e s ~WI.ng try and our own manufact-ures, and will refrain from, and, as far as in our how keenly the colomes suffered from the tyranny of Great Bntam, power, p1·event, the excessive use of foreign articles of luxury. which deprived them of the natural rights of trade and manufacture. The Society of Pennsylvania for the Encouragement of M:anufactures The separate protests of the colonies were found unavailing; every pe- and Useful .Arts declared: tition was met by the enaetment of more rigorous and cruel laws. The United States, having assumed the station of au independent Govern- 1.Iany efforts were made among the colonies to unite in a demand for ment, require new resources to support their rank and influence, both abroad · · and at home. Our distance from the nations of Europe; oor possessing within there dr ess 0 f th eir common gnevances. ourselves the materials of the useful arts and articles of consumption and com- These efforts finally resulted, in 1765, in a convention or congress, merce; the profusion of wood and water, those powerful and necessarv agents which met in the city of New York. The subject of diqcussion was in all aTts and manufactures, the variet.y of natural :productions with which this · d fr h h t d th a1 f b extensive coontry abounds, and the number of people in our towns nnd most h OW to o b tam re ress om t e mot er conn ry an e repe 0 0 - ancient settlements whose education has qualified them for employments of noxious laws. Otis, of Mass.. so superior in importance to them al1, that it is scarcely necessary to invite to it oftbe Northern States. Thists the true and onlycausewhythe manufacturers your special attention. It is prineipally as manufactures and commerce t~nd to r~9uire th':l Government to interpose its powerful arm to keep clown compe increase the value of agricultru·al productions, and to extend their application titiOn. l~ ~· wh~n properly ~ons1dered, the greatest of all absurdities to sup to the wants and eomforts of society, that they deserve the fostering care of Gov pose that 1t 18 agamst the EngliSh man ufn.ctures that tb ts protection is demanded. ernment. This is a. mere flimsy disguise to cover the fraud and conceal the outrage per • Looking forward to the period, not far distant, when a sinkin.g fund will no petrated against the planters. I confidently believe that the contributions ex longer be required, the duties on those articles of importation which can not acted from the planting States of this Union by the action of this disauised and come in competition with our own productions are the first that should engage irresponsible despotism of confederated interests is in no de~ree less ~ppre,.sive the attention of Congress in the modification of the tariff. Of these tea and coffee and disastrous than the exactions levied by the most in atlable of the Roman are thomostprominent; they enter largelyintotheconsumptionofthecountry, emperors from the conquered and dependent provinces of the empire. I mean and have become articles of necessity to n.Il das es. A reduction, therefore, of not to cast any especial reproach upon the manufacturing confederacy which the existing duties wilJ be felt as a common benefit., but like all other legislation constitutes ~e existing majority in this country. Ispeak.nothingbutthe plain connected with commerce, to be efficacious, and not injurious, it should be grad truths of ph1l?sophy when I sa>' that on such a question as that which we RJ"e ual and certain now cons1dermg they can not 1n the nature of thingd have any more sense or moral responsibility than an infuriated mob. And it is worthy of special re No more definite declaration of the principles ofprotective1:ariff could mark here t~at the despotism of an irresponsibile majority n eYer exi ted in well be enunciated. The duties on articles that could be produced in any country m a form so dangerous and so difficult to be resisted as it does at this country were to be maintained, and any reduction which the state this moment in this Confederacy. of the revenue would permit was to be made on articles that could not I call tQ.e attention of the laborers of this country to the frank ad be produced in this country, and consequently did not come in com mission of Mr. :McDuffie, that the slave labor of the South was four petition with American productions. The surplus in the Treasury at times as Cheap as the free labor of the North, and that therefore the the time of the delivery of this message was $5,000,000, and it was pl~nters of the South required no protective tariff against the under estimated that it would be about $4,00 ~1,000 on the 1st of January, p:nd labor of Europe, and also to his fierce denunciation against the 1830. Jackson, like Jefferson and Monroe, found a surplus in the American system and the government of the fathers, because they fos Treasury with which he was called upon to deal at the commencement tered and protected free labor from ruinous competition with the ser of his administration. He did not recommend a reduction ofthatsur vile labor of foreign lands. He did not pretend that the system of plus by reducing the duties on protected articles, but recommended government.which he advocated was applica.ble to the whole country the disposal of it by distributing it among the Stato...s according to pop or any section of it, except where cotton was produced with slave nlation. He said: labor. There, and there only, where slave labor was four times as To avoid these evils [mruming the evils of a. surplus] it appears to me that cheap as free labor, no necessity existed for a protective tariff, and he the most safe, just, and federal disposition which could be made of this surplus boldly decla!ed that the cotton planters would not submit to the pay revenue, would be its apportionment among the several States, according to ment of duties on imports, however beneficial it might be t.o the great their ratio of representation; and should this measure not be found wan-anted · by the Constitution, that it would be expedient to propose to the States an majority of the people of the United States. His policy was predi amendment authorizing it. cated upon the cheap labor .of African slaves, aud the foundation of it Some years afterwards he stated that his opinion had changed with was removed with the abolition of slavery. He never pretended that regard to the nece...."Sity of amenqing the ConstJtution. But that is free trade was beneficial to free labor; he was opposed to free labor and immaterial. The only materiality in the suggesti is that General to any legislation that would benefit it. He was more honest in the Jar.kson would reduce the surplus by any other means that could be expression of his sentiment than the emissaries of tho Cobden Club, devised rather than destroy our manufactures. In his second annual who advocate free trade under the false pretense of increa ing the message he said: wage~ of labor in this country by depriving the laborers of employment. The power to impose dulies on imports originally belonged to the several Jackson remained firm, and the act of July 14, 1832, continninet the States. The right to adjust these duties with a view to the encouragement of protective policy was passed. He was re-elected in 1832 without the domestic br&nches of industry is so completely identical with that power that aid of South Carolina. A cotton rebellion was then inaugurated with it is difficult to suppose the existence of the one without the other. The States have delegated their whole authority overimport,s to the General Government, the avowed purpose of obtaining free commercial intercourse with without limitation or restriction, saving the very inconsiderablereservation·re G1·eat Britain for the benefit of cotton-planters, and in November, 1832, lating to tho inspection laws. This authority having thus entirely passed from the celebrated nullification ordinance of South Carolina was adopted. the States, the right to exercise it for the purpose of protection does not exist in them; and consequently, if it is not possessed by the Genera.l. Government, it The sole ground of complaint of South Carolina, and for which she must be extinct. Our political system would thus present the a.nomaly of the passed the ordinance, was because of the policy of the United States of people stripped of the right to foster their own industry, and to counteract the protecting home manufactures, which had been est-ablished by the Con most selfish and destructive poJicy which ntight be adopted by foreign nations. This surely can not be the case; this indispensable power thus surrendered by stitution, and had been maintained by patriotic statesmen for more the States must be within the scope of the authority on the subject expressly than forty years. delegated to Congress. The language of the Oidinance is as follows: In this conclusion I am confirmed as well by the opinions of Presidents Wash ington• Jefferson, l'.Iadison, and Monroe, who have each repeatedly recom 1. That the tariff law of 1828, and the amendment of the same of 1832 are null mended the exercise of this right under the Constitution, as by the uniform and void, and no law, nor binding upon this State, its officers, or citizens. practice of Congress, the continued acquiescence of the States, and the general 2. No duties enjoined by that law or its ameudment shn.ll be paid or permitted understanding of the people. to be paid in the State of South Ca.rolina after the 1st day of February 1883. 3. In no c~se involving the validity of the expected nullifying act of the Leg The effect of the tariff of 1828 on the industries of the country was islature shall an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States be permitted No copy of proceedings shall be allowed to be taken for that purpose. Any at: marvelous. General Jackson, in his annual message of December, tempt to appeal to the Supreme Court "may be dealt with as for a contempt of 1831, had occasion to congratulate the country on the growth of man the court" from which the appeal is taken. ufactures, agriculture, and commerce. The excess of the revenues over 4. Every office-holder of the State, whether in the civil or military service and every person hereafter assuming an office, and every jru·or, shall take a~ the expenditures for the preceding year had been over $13,000,0.00, and oath to obey this ordinance, and all acts of the Legislatm·e iu acco'l"dance there the prosperity of the country was unparalleled. with or suggested thereby. Uptothistimethe United States had been regarded by statesmen as one 5. If the Government of the United States shall attempt to enforce the tarill' Jaws now existing by means of its Army or Navy, by closing the ports of the common country. Its industrial, financial, and commercial independ State, or preventing the egress or ingress of vessels, or shall in any way hamss ence was regarded by all statesmen as the object to be promoted by or oJ?struct the foreign commerce of the State, t~en South Carolina will no longer national legislation. In the mean time a disturbing element was de co.ns1der herself a member of the Federal Umon. "The people of this State will thenceforth hold themselves absolved from all further obligation to main veloped. It was ascertained that the new and fertile lands of the tain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States South, by slave labor, could produce cotton cheaper than any other and will forthwith proceed to organize a separate government and do all othe~ country in the world. The people of South Carolina abandoned the acts and things which sovereign and independent States may ~fright do." traditions or the fathers of the Republic and the principles upon which AI though the firm action of General Jackson prevented the final con the nation bad been founded for the common good of all. They were summationofthesecessionofSouth Carolina aiJ!the time, an humiliating beguiled by the free-trade arguments of Great Britain and induced to compromise was made, whereby the industries of the nation were em believe that their interests demanded as free intercourse with the Brit barrassed, tbe finances deranged, the credit; destroyed, and universal ish Empue as South Carolina enjoyed with her sister States. bankruptcy and misery throughout the country produced. The diScussions between Hayne and Webster presented anew issue Great injustice has been done to the memories of Jackson, Clay, and between the cotton planters of the South and the manufacturers of the other great statesmen who submitted to this compromise, by assuming North, the same issue which is to-day under consideration. Although that it expressed their real views upon the American system of protec King Cottou now has no s1'l.Ves, and although there is now greater ne tion, and by quoting them as favoring free trade. This is refuted by cessity for protecting manufactures in the South than in the North, their long and patriotic services in support of measures for the protec still the war for the destruetionofNorthern manufacturers for the bene-· tion of home industry. The only motive on their part for consenting fit of England is raging as fiercely to-day as when it first begun. The to this legislation wag a patriotic desire to preserve the country from arguments of Mr. Cleveland are borrowed from Hayne and McDuffie. anarchy and disunion by conciliating the cotton-planters by conces I call particular attention to the language of Mr. McDuffie, of South sions to a policy which they knew was at war with the industri.n.l in Carolina, in the House of Representatives in 1832, when a bill was un terests of the whole country. These concessions, it was well known, der consideration amending the tariff act of 1828, which was the last would be injurious to the best interests of the country, but they were tariff act passed before the fatal compromise of 1833, to which I shall made to avoid the disruption of the Union, but were not accepted in hereafter call attention. Mr. McDuffie said: the spirit of generosity and conciliation in which they were made. It is again t domestic ancl not foreign industry that the manufacturers call South Carolina never forgave General Jackson for forcing her to remain for protection. But why is it that they need this very high and ex~ravagant in the Union. protection? It is been usc foreign manufactures are purchased with the pro ductions of the Soutbcr11"States, and because these are produced by slave labor, Mr. Clay was tLParis, informed the Latin Union 1\fonetary the zenith of her glory, is variously estimated at from two thousand to Conference assembled in that city that there was a. growing sentiment in three thousand millions of dollars. When she ceased to acquire the the United States in favor of the repeal of the Bland act, and that the precious metals her ruin commenced. Administration would do all in its power to secure its repeal. In his During the fifteen hundred years which followed the reign of Au annual messages to Congress in 1885 and 1886 he urgently advised tlie gustus this vast accumulation of gold and silver gradually disappeared repeal of all laws providing for silver coinage, and predicted ruin and dis by wear and loss, by war, and by accident on land and sea, until, in toe aster if this werei::totdone. In 1885and 1887hesent commissioners to year 1500, less than $150,000,000 remained in the commercial world. Europe, ~ who entertained views on this subject in harmony with his The price of property and labor during all this-dreary period, called the own, to junket about in that country at the expense of the United Dark Ages, declined as the volume of the circulating medium was con StateR and inculcate theories adverse to the free use of silver as money, tracted, until the laborers of Europe were feudal slaves. namely, Manton Marble in 1885 and Edward Atkinson in 1887, both The flow of gold from Mexico and South America, commencing with abundantly competent to misrepresent the United States on the vital the fifteenth century, in three hundred years replenished the exhausted question of the free coinage of silver. When the Senate, in April last, circulating medium of the civilized world and increased it to near the amended the House bill authorizing the purchase of United States same amount which existed in the Roman Empire at the beginning of bonds by requiring the purchase and coinage of sufficient silver to take the Christian era. Civilization revived with this new supply of the the· place of the. national-bank notes retired, and thus stop further con precious metals and advanced without embarrass~ent so long as the traction, the bill, through the alleged influence of the Administra supply continued. tion, when it was returned to the House, was smothered in the Dem The Spanish-American wars retarded mining in the early part of the ocratic Committee of Ways and Mf;ans, from whence it will never present century and its depressing effects were immediately felt through emerge. out the civilized world. Notwithstanding the enormous impetus which The opposition of President Cleveland to ibe use of silver as money civilization had receivedduringtbepreceding three hundred years from is so intense that he refuses to allow the Secretary of the Treasury to a continued supply of the precious metals, the diminution of that supply purchase and coin more tban·$2,000,000 worth of silver per month, al produced stagnation, low prices of labor and of commodities throughout though the surplus in the Treasury and the stringency of the money Europe and America from about 1810 to 1850, when the gold discoveries market indicate that the contingency exists contemplated by Congress, in California and Australia furnished new life-blood to commerce, busi when it is the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase and ness, and enterprise, and advanced the prosperity of the world in the coin $4,000,000 worth of silver per month. The P1·esident advocates twenty-five years from 1849 to 1875 more than it had advanced in any the purchase of bonds at 27 per cent. premium, a.nd the destruction of period of one hundred years which had preceded it. our manufactures by free trade to reduce the surplus, rather than re At the end of the year 1875 a conspiracy, which commenced in Ger lieve the stringency of the money market by exercising the discretion many in 1871, to discard one of the precious metals, for the purpose of conferred upon him by Congress to coin more silver. enhancing the obligation of contracts by contracting the world's money, Whatever may be the views of the Democratic party or the suffer was so far consummated that silver was excluded from every mint in ings of the people in .consequence of contraction, Mr. Cleveland will the United States and Europe and discarded as a money metal ex never sign a bill for the free coinage of silver to afford them relief. changeable for coin at any fixed standard. Since 1875 the civilized He does not regard it as a calamity that the prices of wheat and cot world has been contending against the relentless pressure of contrac ton, the staple farm products of this country for export, have fallen so tion. From 1810 to 1850 the price of property and of labor decreased low that there is no profit in their production. He makes no account with the shrinking supply of the precious metals, and at the latter date of the fact that silver has the same purchasing power in India and it reached a lower point than it touched at any time within the pre other Asiatic countries that it ever possessed, and that 412! grains ot vious century. From 1850 to 1875 the annual product of gold and silver·will purchase the same amount of wheat or cotton to-day in all silver averaged nearly $200,000,000 and the price of property and of countries retaining the silver standard as it would before that metal services increased more than 30 per cent. More wealth was produced was excluded from our mints, and that the prices of wheat and cotton and more of the comforts of life were enjoyed during that period than have declined and must decline in the markets of Europe and America during the whole century that preceded it. in exact accordance with the fall of the price of silver. From 1875t{) the present time gold alone has been treated by Europe The fact that silver can be bought in this country at 30 per cent. dis and America as a money metal, and although the aggregate supply of count and exchanged in India at par is immaterial to the President. the two metals bas increased rather than diminished, the annual sup- . It makes no difference to him that the.wheat bought in India wit.h sil ply of gold has been but little more than one-half of the annual prod ver cost<; the importer in European markets 30 per cent. less than wheat uct· of the two metals combined for the twenty-five years preceding the bought in America with gold, and that therefore India wheat is fast exclusion of silver from the mints of Europe and America, which has supplanting wheat from America, and that importers of wh~!l>t from reduced the supply of money metals nearly one-half and inflicted upon America are forced to sell in the Liverpool market at prices fixed by the world the withering blight of violent contraction. Notwithstand-. India wheat. In proof of this assertion I will print in the appendix ing the accumulations of gold and silver furnished by the new discov to my remarks tables showing that the purchasing power of silver eries, and notwithstanding the various devices by which paper circu bullion has not decreased in India or any other country which main lation bas been maintained, the contraction occasioned bytherejection tains the silver standard, while tlte price of that metal has declined in of silver bas already checked the progress of the civilized world and this country over 30 per cent. since its exclusion from the mints, and reduced the price of property more than 33 per cent., which is now as the -prices of wheat and cotton in the United States have kept pace in low, if not lower, than it was in 1850. their decline with every fall in silver. (See Exhibits A, B, C, D, The act of 1878, which requires the purchase and coinage of not more and E.) than four million nor less than two million dollars' worth of silver It is useless for the Democratic party to point to their votes in Con bullion per month, bas saved the United States from utter bankruptcy gress in favor of remonetizing silver while they indorse the adminis by adding to the circulating medium more than $300,000,000. tration and advocate the election of a President whose avowed policy The great financial question of the hour is the restoration of silver on all financial questions is in accordance with the views of the most to its place as money, and the revival of business and the renewal of avaricious Shylock, who, without remorse, would enslave mankind to prosperity by a generous supply of the circulating medium, which would enhance the value of his bonds and increase the burdens of his deb to~ 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MANUFACTURES. South and the manufacturing States of the North are made from the While financial independence and commercial success can only be census of 1880. Since that time a newSoutp. has sprung into existence, maintained by au ample and permanent supply of money, the state of which exhibits a growth of varied industries which can not fail in the manufactures always indicates the prosperity enjoyed by the people. near future to rival the Northern States. I found it impossible to This proposition is verified by comparing the condition of manufactur gather statistics as to the value of the products of manufactures in the ing countries with that of purely agricultural countries at any period Southern States since 1880, but the various publications in the South of history which may be selected. Such comparison will in every case, furnish very accurate data of the new capital employed in the South in without an exception, prove the truth of my proposition. A few ex manufactures, and also the number of new factories established during amples will illustrate this. the years 1886, 1887, and the first six months of 1888. During the eighteen years that Ireland had an independent parlia In 1880 Alabama had only $9,668,008 invested in manufactures, and ment (from 1782 to 1800) her manufactures developed enormously un on June 30, 1888, she had $62,922,000 invested in manufacturing es der laws protecting her home industries. At the time of the union tablishments. Arkansas in 1880 bad $2,953,130 as against $22,216,000 with England, in 1800, there were employed in manufacturing in Ire invested in manufactures on J nne 30, 1888. Florida increased her in land about 250,000 people.- Her manufactures are now nearly all de vestments in manufactures from $3,210,680 in 1880 to $6,996,680 on stroyed, except the flax industry in the north of Ireland, which the June 30, 1888, and between the same periods Geor~ia increased her English Government has not suppressed. The magnitude of the man investments from $20,672,410 to $40,464,510; Kentucky, from $45,- ufactures of Ireland when 250,000 people were employed in industrial 813,039 to $99,010,039; Louisiana, from $11,462,468 to $21,116,668; pur5\1its will be appreciated by an example of three Ame!ican States. Maryland, from $58,742,384 to $76,355,909; Mississippi, from $4,727,- illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey, in 18!:!0, contained a population ot 600 to $10,328,640; North Carolina, from $13,045,639 to $18,617,890; 6, 187,288, which was about the same as that of Ireland at the time of its South Carolina, from $11,205,894 to $16,748,720; -Tennessee, from union with England. The number of persons employed in manufact $20,092,845 to $60,886,500; Texas, from $9,245,561 to $34,540,600; uring in the three States named in the year 1880, was 240,266, not Virginia, from $26,968,990 to $41,854,000, and West Virginia, from quite equal to the number employed in Ireland in manufacturing at ~13, 883,390 to $22,950,500. The total investments in manufactures the time in question. The value of manufactured products in these of the States above named was in 1880 $261,822,138, while on June three States was $817,046,420, which wasover$200,000,000 more than 30, 1888, it had reached $535,018,656, an increase in eight and one the products of all the manufactures of the sixteen Southern States. half years of 104.6 per cent. The greater part of this increase has The manufacturing industries of Ireland were destroyed by English been made in the last thirty months. laws. After the union England required Ireland to receive free of duty The following table will show the number and kinds of factories English manufactured commodities, and by glutting her markets de established in the fourteen States above named during the last thirty stroyed her manufactures, according to the advice of Lord Brougham, months: to which I have already alluded. Many apt illustrations might be given showing the effect of manu Kinds of factories. 1887. 1888.• facturing in our own country upon the growth, prosperity, wealth, and development of those sections of the United States where the energies Agricultural implements ..· ...... 11 25 6 of the people have been directed to multifariou.s industries, as compared Brick works ...... 53 169 95 with those other sections where the industries of the people have been Canning factories ...... :...... 13 83 170 mainly confined to the pursuit of farming. The products of manu Carriage and wagon factories ...... 16 44 36 Cotton compresses...... 13 36 20 factures in the State of Ohio in 1880 amounted to $348,305,390, while Cotton-mills...... 9 77 45 the value Qf the products of all the manufactures of the late Confed Cotton-seed oil mills...... 4 18 15 erate States, namely, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, ~:~~~:1~~~~-~~~~~~~~~::: ::::.. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : 1: ~ Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Vir Furniture factories ...... , ...... ·· ···-· 23 55 33 ginia, was, in the same year, only $240,544,295. The area. of farms in Gas-works...... 24 35 18 the late Confederate States was at the same date 197,554,865 acres, ot Ice factories...... 50 96 33 Iron furnaces ...... 28 29 6 the aggregate value of $1,229,958,624, while the entire area of farms Lumber, saw-mHls, etc...... 448 726 450 in Ohio was only 24,529,226 acres, and the aggregate value thereof was Machine-shops and foundries...... 68 103 72 $1,127,497,353, only$102,461,271, less than the value of all thefarms in Mining and quarrying companies...... 174 562 260 Natural-gas companies...... 21 53 ...... the late Confederate States; an acre of farm land in Ohio being equal Stove foundries...... 8 4 4 in value to about eight in the late Confederate States. \ Vater-works ...... l 42 88 53 The area of farms in Indiana and Kentucky were about equal, the Miscellaneous enterprises...... 441 1,010 555 former containing 20,656,259 acres and the latter 21,941,974 acres, Tota l...... ; ...... 1,575 3,430 I 2,023 while the products of manufactures in Indiana were about double in 1 value of those of Kentucky, the former being $148,600,411 and the * First six months of. latter $75,483,311. The value of the land in Indiana, following the The foregoing table shows that the number of factories established in value of the products of manufactures, was more than double that of 1887 was nearly 100 per cent. greater than the number in 1886, and the Kentucky, the former being $635,236,111; and the latter $299,298,631; number established in the first six months of 1888 shows that there an acre in Indiana being worth more than two acres of farm land in will be a corresponding increase for the year 1888 over the year 1887 Kentucky, and an acre in the former being worth more than $31 while with the latter year over 1886. The articles to be manufactured by an acre in the latter was only worth about $14. these establishments are such ac;; would be forced in competition with If we were to compare the great manufacturing States of Pennsyl foreign commodities under free trade, and these establishments would vania, New York, New Jersey, and New England with the Squth the be easily destroyed by the glut from Great Britain which would follow contrast would be more apparent. For example, the products of man a reduction of the tariff. ufactures in the State of Massachusetts in the year 1880 was $631,511,- I am indebted to Mr. McKINLEY for the following table, compiled 484, while the products of all the manufactures of the sixteen Southern from his recent Georgia speech, also showing the growth of the New States was in the same year only $631,401,105. The number of acres of farms in the State of Massachusetts was, in 1880, 3,359,079, and was South: of the value of $146,197,415, while 22,639,644 acres of farms in the Item s. 1880. State of North Carolina were valued at only $135,793,602; an acre in 1888. ~Iassachusetts being worth about $18 while an acre in North Carolina. was worth only about $6. Cotton mills...... 179 300 :rtfiles of railroad ...... ,...... 19 435 36,7:r/ The value of the products of the manufactures of North Carolina. in Tons of pig-iron...... 3\Y7: 301 929,436 1880 was only $20,084,237. The value of manufactured products of Tons of coal mined...... 6, 049,471 16,476,785 New York and New Jersey in 1880 was $1,335,013,932, being more than Bales of cotton...... 5, 755,350 6,800,000 626, 235, ()()() double the value of the products of manufactures of the sixteen South ~~r~:~~f~{;:_~~~k:·::.::·:::::.:~·.:·::.:·::::.:·.~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Jgi: gr~: ~ $573, 695, 550 ern States; and the estimated value of real and personal property of Value of farm products ...... 571,098,454 744, 066, 460 New York and New Jersey was $9,052,000,000, while the total esti Value of cotton goods ...... 21, 000, 000 43,000,000 mated value of the real and personal property of the sixteen Southern 1 States was only $8,569,000,000. Take the States of California and .This new development of manufactureS in the South is a glorious Texas, which are about equal in age, for another comparison. Texas promise for that section if the American system of protection can be in 1880 had 36,303,454 acres of farms, while California had only 16,- maintained. It is hardly necessary to call the attention of the coun 593,742 acres. The value oftbe products ofthe manufactures ofCali try to the superior advantage& of the South for the development of her ifornia in 1880 was $116,227,973, against $20,719,928 for Texas. The manufactures. Excluding a narrow strip of country bordering on the value of the farms in California was $262,051,282, while those of Texas Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf, peculiarly adapted to the production of were valued at only $170,4.68,886; an acre of land in California being rice, sugar, and cotton, the balance of that vast region south of Mason worth about $19 and an acre in Texas about $4. and Dixon's line has a climate as well suited to promote the health, THE NEW SOUTH. vigor, activity, and intelligence of white as well as black laborers as The foregoing comparisons be~ween the agricultural States of the that of any section of the United States; its soil abounds in every prod- ··- 8734 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEl\IBER 19, uct of the temperate zone, and particularly such articles as are usea in Competition with" all comers in neutral markets" is good; itwoul'l the manufacture of textile fabrics, including hemp, flax, jute, wool; and be better, however, if the report had continued and stated where such over a largeextentofthis area cotton' is also produced; and besides., all '' neutral markets t' exist for the prod nets of the United States. the great cotton-fields of America, if not included within, lie adjoining THE UNITED STATES EXCLUDED FROM FOREIG:!i JllAB.KETS BY FOREIGN TARIFFS. and form parts of the great States of the South. Wood, coal, iron, and An exn.mination of the tariffs of England and her various colonies, every mineral nece...c:sary for use in the manufacture of iron and steel together with the protection she extends to her ste!l.m-ship lines by sub abound in unlimited quantities. Water power for the use of manu sidies amounting to near $4,000,000 per annum, and the· credit facili factories exists on every hand, and tbe climate is such as to render its ties her banking institutions afford to exporters of her manufactures, use available throughout the year, in winter as well as in summer. In will show with what care and ingenuity she has guarded again t the short, nature has done everything for the South that she has done for possibility of any product of the United States entering her dominions the most favored land, and this new birth of industry indicates a dis which she can obtain elsewhere; and an examination of the tariff laws position of the people to discard dependence upon any other section of of all other orga.nized governments will also show that all American this country, or any foreign land, and join in a noble rivalry with the products are shut out from every foreign market in the worldr except East and the great and growing West in the development of the vast such products of the United States as can not be obtained from any resources of our common country, and in the development of the intel other source. lectual faculties of the people by making the whole country a school, I will print in the appendix to my speech tables showing the tariffs so to speak, of technology, in which every youth shall be taught some of England and her colonies: and also the tariffs of other nations. (See useful employment. Exhibits F, G, and H. j I challenge any free-trader to examine these Already the names of the growing centers of industrial development tables and point out where there is a foreign market in any country in the South are familiar throughout the land. South Pittsburg, in ior the products of the United States, which that country can produce Tennessee, bids fair to rival its namesake in the great State of Penn in sufficient quantities or obt..'lin elsewhere, or where tbe United States sylvania, and the day is not fur distant when Birmingham, in Ala could obtain any additional foreign markets for her products if she ex bama, will be as well known throughout the world as the Birming.. tended free trade to all the world. ham ofold England. Anniston, Talladega, and Tuscaloosa, in Alabama; The following brief statements of the main features of some of the Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, and Rome, in Georgia; Chattanooga and foreign ta.riffs will illustrate how other countries protect their markets: Lawrenceburgh, in Tennessee; Burlington and Charlotte, in North Car On cotton gloves France levies a duty of $88.44 per 100 pounds. The olina, and Little Rock, in Arkansas, exhibit the same thrifli, enter importation of tobacco on private account is prohibited, and only a few prise, activity, and prosperity that is witnessed in the most thriving privileged importers are allowed 22 pounds per annum for their per manufacturing towns in the North. . Skilled artisans and mechanics sonal use. Cigars and cigarettes are taxed $315.15 per 100 pounds; are already flocking to these centers of industry. Both Northern and smoking, snuff, and chewing tobacco, $131.32 per 100 pounds. The im local capital find profitable investments, and industries of every kind portation of toba-cco, raw or cured in the leaf, is absolutely prohibited, are multiplying and developing in these and many other places in the and the importation of pork is virtually prohibited. Woolen goods are growing South. Nothing but unwise legislation can prevent the de taxed from 40 to 110 per cent. velopment of the resources or mar the prosperity of tho South. The German tariff regulations ns to pork are virtually prohibitory. THE NECESSITY OF MARKETS. In 1872 the German Empireinangurated the system of protection. In that year the imports amounted to $824,432,000 and the exports to The fad that manufactures can not be maintained without mal'kets $593,096,000, w bile in 1886, under the influence of her protective tariff, seems self-evident; but strange as it may appear this trnth is generally her exports rose to $726,225,000 and her imports fell to 700,902,000. ignored by the advocates of free trade. The efforts of Great Britain to In seven years Germany has increased her tariff on foreign wheat. In secure markets for her manufactures show what importance she at 1879 the duty was GJ cents per bushel; in 1881, 20 cents "Per bushel; taches to them; the skill of her diplomats, the power of her army and and in 1887, it was increased to 33! cents per bushel. navy, and the resources of her treasury have been exhausted by the use The tariff of Russia is virtually prohibitory. Plain woolen goods pay of strategy, force, and money to protect the markets of her own country a duty of 79 cents per pound, and if colored 30 per cent. is added. The and to secure the markets of foreign countries for her manufactured duties on cotton goods vary from 40 to 120 per cent. On American commodities. She holds in her despotic grasp Ireland, India, Egypt, tobacco Russia levies duties of from 250 to 680 per cent., and on .Ameri and more than fifty other countries, for the sole purpose of compelling can wines from 80 to 125 per cent. their inhabitants to purchase her wares. Her cruel exactions from her Spain collects on cotton goods from 30 to 70 per cent., and on woolen American colonies, and her vindictive war to retain them as tributaries goods from 20 to 66 per cent. A. duty of $16 per ton is levied on iron to her industrial resources, I have already mentioned. and steel rails, and $38 per ton on iron nails. Her utter lack of all sense of moral obligation in pursuit of foreign A dttty of 120 per cent. is levied on American clocks by Italy. On markets is illustrated by her encouragement of slavery in the South and cotton and woolen goods the duty is from 30 to 70 per eent. of the abolition of slavery in the North, by her acknowledgment of the :Mexico taxes unbleached cotton cloth 150 to 175 per cent., and belligerent rights of the South while she maintained friendly diplo bleached cloth from 15.0 to 200 per cent. Common cotton covers for matic relations with the North, by her building armed cruisers to nm umbrellas pay a duty of $1 per pound, while tbeyarenotworth26 cents the blockade and carry on contraband trade with the South while she per pound. Her duty on iron nails is over 100 per cent.; on tobacco retained all the advantages afforded by the markets of the North for from 100 to 300 per cent. The duties on woolen goods are virtually military supplies and munitions of war, and by the ruin and demorali prohibitory. zation she bas produced in China, in forcing that unwarlike people to Brazil lays a duty of from 45 to 125 per cent.. on tobaccot besides a make a market for her opium, and also by corrupting the minds and special duty of 40 and GO per cent., making the duty 145 to 225 per w:ll'ping the judgment of the youth of America by awarding prizes to cent. On cotton and woolen goods her tariff is almost prohibitory. students of our colleges arid universities for writing essays in favor of Argentine Republic levies a general duty of 25 per cent.; but on wheat the surrender of our markets to English manufacturers. . she exacts from 80 to.100 per cent. The duty on American clocks is The influence of the Cobden Club in institutions of learning, which from 100 to 200 per cent. are the pride of America, such as Harvard, Yale, Williams, and others, Orrr tobacco has to pay a duty of 150 per cent. and our cigars 300 is most unfortunate. It is strang;e that the educators of this country per cent. in Chili. The duty on American clocks is 80 per cent., and fail to realize that there may be some sinister motive in the contribu , some of orrr boots and shoes are taxed at from 75 to 125 per cent. tions of the aristocracy oi England for the education of American youth. Peru charges a duty o.f70 per cent. on spirits, 4.0 per cent. on cotton The influence of the Cobden Club is also felt in the public press, where and woolen goods, and 70 per cent. on cigars. hundreds of editors, who have. been taught at the seats of learning of The duties of Venezuela on cotton and woolen goods are almost pro both England and the United States the arguments of the Cobden Club hibitory. in favor of free trade, are daily flooding the country with arguments to I desire to call especial attention to a few items in thetariffsof Great shew that the prosperity of this country would be enhanced by surren Britain and her provinces. The import duties collected in England in dering our markets to England. The character of these arguments is 1887 amounted to $101,564t430 (see Exhibit I), which was $2.73 for well illustrated by a short extract from the last report of the Cobden every man, woman, and child in Great Britain and Ireland, while the Club, published in London, showing its membershipr operations, and duties collected in the United States during the same year amounted purposes. It is as follows: to about $217,000,000, which was $3.46 per capita, estimating the pop Your committee have never despaired of the ultimate adoption of free trade by the comm.ercial nations of the world. in accordance with the aspirations of ulation·at 62,000,000. Although the duties collected in the United Richard Cobden. They do not forget what has been forcibly explained by 1\Ir. State<; exceed those of Great Britain per capita, yet the various devices Medley and others, thllt the adoption of a free-trade pol1cy by great productive adopted by Great Britain furnish her manufacturers fur more protec nations like America would probably put a severe stram upon our power to tion from competition with foreign countries than themanutacturersof compete with all comers in neutral markets; and they have in their publica tions emphasized the point that Great Britain enjoys "the lion's share of the the Uni.ted States enjoy. The r&'\Son why duties in England do not world's trade" to a. large extent, because the nation which has free imports amount to as much pel' capita, as duties in the United States is not be while other nations impose a. tariff enjoys the best half of the free-trade loaf. But the Cobden Club puts faith in free trade as a. principleofunivcrsalapplica cause England practices free trade (which she urges ns to adopt), but tion for the benefit of mankind, and therefore your committee rejoice to see because tbe principles of protection are fully complied with by the that the Government of the United States, by the very inconvenient excess of duties she levies. . its tariff revenue, is being driven irresistibly to the reduction of its tariff. A considerable reduction of American tariffs would have the effect of educating She can not collect duties on arlicles of food which are not produced the pe-ople of the States in the true principles of international exchange. in sufficient quantities at home without injury to her manufactures by ' i888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8735 increasing the price of living so as to deprive her of the power of cheap The United Stutes made a mistake w h~n it removed the duty-from , production, even with starvation wages-. Her situation as to food for her coffee. Since coffee was admitted free into the United States Brazil people is similar to that of the United States with regard to tea and cof has collected an average export duty annually of $8,900,000 from coffee fee. We produce no tea or coffee, and therefore admit them free of duty. imported into the- United ~tates , which duty was levied by Brazil im Great Br~tain does not levy a duty on manufactured commodities be mediately after the abolition of the duty on coffee by the United States-. cause the advantages she furnishes to her manufacturers in ample and The pTOposition· to abolish the duty on salt is another mistake. No stable markets throughout the world, and in large subsidies to steam benefit would be afforded to the consumer by such legislation. The ships, etc., enable them to manufacture cheaper than any ot.her people, foreign salt imported into this country comes principally from Turks and consequently they are freed from competition from abroad. Island, a colony of Great Britain and one of the group of tfte West In On articles imported from the United States which are not indisp~nsa dia Islands. An export duty of 10 per cent. on salt from. that island ble to enable her to manufacture cheaply she levies enormous duties. is now exacted. If we admit it free, as a matter of course that export From tobacco alone, principally imported from the United States, she duty would be correspondingly increased and Great Briti:m woulu get collected in 1887 $47,374,440 of duty, and the duty so collected per the benefit instead of the United States. pound was 775 per cent. of the cost of that commodity in this country. About fifteen years ago we repealed the duty on logwood. Imme She also collected duri-ng the same year from rum, brandy, and other diately thereafter .Jamaica, also a. colony of Great Britain, and from spirits, mostly imported from the United States,.. $21,235,845. which we obtain our logwood, imposed an export duty of 12t cttnts per The duti..e& collected in the various colonies of Great Britain, except hundred-weight. India, are enormous. India is held under the milita-ry control of Great The following significant item from New Zealand, another colony of Britain and its business is conducted by the East India Council in. Lon Great Britain, appeared in the New York Herald of .July 17last: don. Its people are practically the slaves of Great Britain, but little A new tariff bill has been proposed by the New Zealand Government- which foreign intercourse is tolerated, and therefore only $6,165~000 was col will considerably diminish the large free-list now in existence there and in crease small ad valorem duties. The class of goods a-ffected principally are such lected from duties in India in 1887. India is held by Great Britain for as ca.n be exported from tbe- United States, and includes dried, salted, or pickled two purposes: first, to furnish an exclusive market for the wares and fish, olives, oysters, provisions, vegetables, wooden-ware, leather goods, patent products of Great Britain, and, secon~ to contribute to the support of medicines, eru·thenware, dry goods, machinery, cotton and woolen goods, boil that government. el"s, ironware, a.nd manufactured carriages o.nd wagons. I have already stated that the duties per capitacollected inEngla:nd These examples are sufficient to indicate the policy of Great Britain amounted to $2.73 in 1887, and that the duties per capita. amounted to and I:ler colonies of not only excluding the products of the United States $3.46 in the United States. The following were the duties per capita from their markets, but also of taxing by export duties articles admit collect-ed in 1887 in the various colonies of Great Britain, with the ex ted free into the United States to the full extent that the trade will ception of India: bear. The more the. various tariffs of the world are examined, and Malta, $4.50; Ascension Islands, $6.35; Lagos! $.2.55; Bermudas, particularly of Great Britain, the more clearly it will appear that there $7_95; Falkland Islands, $9. 74; British Guiana, $3..85; British Hon is no free trade, and that there iS not likely to be, in any foreign coun duras, $5.09; Newfoundland, $4.85; .Jamaica., $2.60; Trinidad, $7.40; try fur the United States. The markets of the United States are the Barbndoes, $3.04; Canada, $4.35; Cape of Good Hope, $4.13; Mauri best in the world; our people produce more, consume more, and enjoy tius., $3.22;. Natal, $1.92; Fiji, $1.16; New South Wales, $9.48; New more of the comforts of life than any other people on earth. The nat Zealand, $10.90; Queensland, $14.15; South Australia, $15.01; Tasma ural resources of this country in variety and extent equal, if they do nia, $16.49; Victoria, $10.66; Western Australia, $20. (Sootabulated not surpass, tbe whole continent of Europe. The Cobden Club was sta,tement giving population and duties collected, Exhibit .J.) formed to aid England to acquire the markets of this country. Tbe The false pretenses of the Cobden Club are rebuked by their own United States is the fat goose that the English fox is seeking to devour countrymen in the following extract from the Financial Reform Al and all other nations endeavoring to pluck. manac for 1887, page 161, in this impressive language: The legislation ofAustria since the reduction of our tariff by the act It thus becomes clear that the free-trade sermons so constantly preached to of 1883 is a fair sample of the conduct of foreign nations. She bas in foreign nations and to her colonies by Great Britain are all spoiled by the prac creased the duty on cotton cloths, unbleached, from 7 to 10 per cent.; tice not a. ~;~ reeing with the precept. It is the old case of "Don't do as I do but on bleached cloth, 11! per cent.; on woolen goods, 16! per cent.; on do as I tell you," and every people under the sun must realize our hypocrisy in posing as a free-trade nation while taxiDl: theh· products. barley, 200 per cent.; on Indian corn, 100 per cent.; on wheat, 100 per cent.-; on flour, 150 per cent.; on clocks and clock-works, 100 per cent., The duties imposed by Canada are mainly directed against the prod and on manufu.ctured India-rubber goods, 50 per cent.. ucts of the United States. On agricultural machinery the duty is 35 per cent., while on all other machinery it is from 10 to 25 per cent. PROTECTION BY sunsrnms To VESSELS. The muchin€8 exported from the United States to Canada. are princi- In the act for the proteetion. of home industries, passed by the First pally agricultural. Petroleum imported from this country pays 100 Congre...~, in 1789, to which I have already alluded, our merchant m.a. per cent. duty, while other oils imported from elsewhere pay only from rine was also protected.. On. goods imported in American vessels.lO per 10 to 25 per cent. duty. On anthracite coal from the United States cent. less duty was levied and collected than on like goods imported in Canada charges 56 cents a ton duty, while the United Smtes imposes foreign vessels. The result was an enorm-ous increase in our carrying no duty on that article imported from Canada. The U nite bidding the Postmaster-General from making a contract for_carrying tained by charging less duties on goods imported in American ships ocean mails for more than two years, or to involve a higher rate of ex~ than on goods imported in foreign bottoms, thereby discriminating in pense than the amount collected on the sea and land postage. This favor of American vessels. If treaty obligations would be violated by destroyed the Collins Line and the Havre and Bremen American lines. such discrimination, I would use the methods of avoiding those obliga~ ltfr. Cobden, the father of the cardinal principles of modern democ tions which Great Brit-ain, France, and Germany have adopted by ap~ racy, in examining a witness before a Parliamentary committee. with plying a part of the customs revenues in subsidizing steam-ship Jines regard to contracts for subsidies in 1859, asked the following question, to South American portsandeveryotherpartoftheworld which would which the :witness answered in the affirmative: buy our products. You are aware that it (the Collins Line) ceased because the American Go:v Industrial independence was encouraged by laws for the protection ernment withdrew the subsidy ? of manufactures. I would so extend those laws as to give totbe l abor~ 1\Ir. Wilson, another free-trader, during the same examination asked ing people of this country the entire market of the United States for the following question: every product of both farm and factory which can be produced in our Mr. Cunard's contract is £191,000, is it not? own country, and I would secure to them thepermanentandexclusive A .• Yes; £191,400. right to supply such markets, and thereby give confidence to capital Q,. Th ree hundred and twenty thousand pounds is the amount which is now paid by this country and the colony for the trans-Atlantic postage, including the invested in manufactures. The laborers of this conn try, with the fixed Galway Line? market for their productions which our great and growing country A.Yes. • would afford, would be more independent than any other people on Q,. And in the face of these increasing subsidies the American Government bas altogether relinquished the practice of subsidizing their yessels, and their earth. The vast amount of manufacturing necessary to supply such a vessels, of course, have been driven off the passage? market would cheapen production and increase the price oflabor. Ex The astonishment expressed in these questions at the folly of the perience has taught us that the more a people manufacture the ch ea. per American Government by these English free-traders is significant. In they can produce. The people of this country would have the best 1851 England commenced bU1lding steel ships. The cotton tariffs of market in the world, and in time might be able to send their surrlus 1833_and 1846 had rendered it impossible to manufacture steel in the products abroad, where none now go. This was the policy of the fathers United States. As these steel ships supplanted wooden ships it was of the Republic, and to it I would return. impossible for ihe United States ship-builders longer to compete with POLITICS, Great Britain in the building of ships. England, however, continued There are 401 votes in the electoral college; 153 of these are in the to increase her subsidies for the purpose of driving our ships off the sixteen Southern States, which compose the solid South; 197 of them ocean, and finally, when the war broke out, she sent her armed cruisers, are in those Northern States in which there is no city where European which destroyed our wooden ships and ended the contest. She was influence is predominant; 51 of them arc in New York, New J ersey, then enabled to decrease her subsidies somewhat, but every time the and Connecticut, which added to the vote of the solid South make 204 United States has made an effort to increase her carrying trade by sub votes, which is a majority of the electoral college. The 51 votes in the sidies, as in the case of the China line in 1870, Great Britain has in three States last named are expected to be carried for the Democratic creased her subsidies and put on competing lines. The following table party by the overwhelming majority which will be given in New York will show the annual subsidies paid to steam-ships by Great Britain and Brooklyn .and their suburbs in New Jersey and Connecticut.. If from 1848 to 1882, both incl~siv e : the President and his associates succeed in this scheme it will be inter esting to inquire by what influence it is to be accomplished, and whether such influence is American or foreign, and who is to receive the bene fits from the victory. During the twelve months ending J nne 30, 1888, foreign imports into the city of New York amounted to $470,426,774, Year. Year. while the total imports into all the ports of the United States was only $723,865,146, and during the same period the exports from New York City to foreign countries was $310,627,476, while the total exports of the United States from all the ports was only $695,971,619, showing a balance of trade against the United States during the fiscal year end~ ing June 30, 1888, of$27,890,527, wbich was increased on July 3l to 1&1.8 ...... ~. 250, 000 1866 ...... $!,227, 018 1849...... 3, 180,000 1867 ...... 4,079, 996 $43,210,538. I do not give these figures in this connection for the pur~ 1850...... 5, 313, 985 1868 ...... 4,047,586 pose of showing the balance of trade, but to show the vast amouut of 1851...... 5, 330,000 1869 ...... 5,481,690 trade which centers in New York and its surroundings. ] 852...... 5, 510, 635 1870 ...... 6, 107,761 1853...... 5, 865, 400 1871 ...... 6,070, 741 The persons engaged in this trade must be very numerous and have 1854...... 5 950 559 1872 ...... 5, 693,500 command of vast capital. They are either agents of foreign merchants 1855...... 5:741:633 1~73 ...... 5, 665, 296 or foreign manufacturers. They are called ' 'consignees,'' ''brokers,' ' 1856 ...... :...... 5,713,560 1874 ...... 5,697,lH6 1857...... 5, 133, 485 1875 ...... 4,860, 000 ''merchants,'' and ' ' importers.'' Their enormous business gives them 1858...... 4,679,415 1876 ...... 4,420,2il vast control of merchants, bankers, tradesmen, newspapers, and, in 1859...... 4, 740,190 1877...... 3, 976, 580 short, over all the people living or doing business in New York City 1860...... 4, 349,760 1878 ...... 3, 914, !l!l0 1861...... 4, 703, 285 1879 ...... 3, 768,230 and its surroundings. The value of the products of the manufacturers 1862...... 4, 105, 353 1880 ...... 3, 873,130 of the United States in 1880 was more than five thousand millions of 1863...... 4, 188, 275 1881...... 3,601, 350 dollars, and undoubtedly the value of such products during the past 1864...... 4,503,050 1882 ...... 3,538,835 1865...... 3, 981, 995 year was more than seven thousand millions of dollars. N ea-'y all of t his vast product was consumed by American markets. The increase Since 1882 these annual subsidies have been somewhat increased, of foreign productions which would find a market in the United States under free trade can hardly be overestimated. If two or three thou averaging about $3,800,000. France and Germany have also adopted sand millions of dollars could be added to our imports by admitting the policy of subsidizing their steam-ship lines, while the United States foreign manufactures free of duty the business and profits inNew York has returned to the policy inaugurated by Mr. Cobb, Secretary of the of these "consignees," "brokers," "agents of foreign merchants," Treasury in 1858, of makiru?; money on our letter postage through the "agents of foreign manufactll1·ers," and "importers" would be enor mails carried on American vessels. By means of these subsidies Eng- -mously incre.ased. land increased her shipping to 5,500,000 tQns, valued at one thousand New York is the center of another interest equally powerful and im millions of dollars; employed two hundred and forty thousand men in portant, which would be subserved by the election of Mr. Cleveland. the construction and repair of ships and two hundred and twenty thou- He is a single gold standard contractionist. The people of the United sand more in sailing them, and added to her national earnings $350• OOO,- States owe vast sums of money to England and other European conn~ COOayear, while the UnitedStatesgotcheappostagebysendinghermails tries tor money borrowed for the con truction of railroads and other on American ships for 2 cents per letter if she could find such a ship enterprises. Most of the agents of these foreign creditors reside in the afloat, otherwise by paying foreign ship-owners for carrying oar mails. city ofNew York. The bonds and other evidences of indebtedness The present Administration is keenly ali\e on this subject, as on all which they hold as agents for European capitalists have already been others, to the interest of Great Britain, and bitterly opposes a dollar in enhanced more than 33! per cent. by the contraction of the currency subsidy to American vessels, but kindly advises the people of the U ni teu resu 1ting from th-e demonetization of silver. States to cultivate foreign intercourse and find foreign markets. The capital stock of the national banks of the United States amounts No NEW POLICY WANTED. to the enormous sum of about $578,000,000. New York City controls I would not have the United States enter upon any new or untried the policy of the national bunks and directs it in harmony with the policy. I would have it re.turn to the policy for which the colonies schemes of the bankers, money-lenders, and bondholders of Europe. I separated from the mother country, for which the patriotic soldiers of do not intend to reflect on the patriotism of American bankera. They the Revolution fought, and which was incorporated in the Constitution do not differ from the members of any other trust or combination or and carried into effect during the administrations of Washington and ganized to benefit themselves and draw money from the people. I his successors in ·the early and better days of the Republic. That pol- simply desire to say that when the interests of bondholders and money icy included not only political but financial, commercial, and indus- lenders are involved it is as natural for a banker to defend them as it trial independence. Financial independence was secured by the free is for a me~ber of the sugar trust, the oil trust, the whisky. tr~st, the coinage ofboth~old and silver. Commercial independencewas main- 1 cotton-baggmg trust, or of any other trust, to ddend the pnnCiples of 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8737 the institution or organization which he represents and from which he from want and dependence, to avoid all entangling alliances with agents derives large profits. of foreign manufacturers and the representatives of money syndicates, The good money of the banker means bad times for the community. money-loaners, and bondholders, and join in a patriotic effort to secure No money is good in his estimation unless it is scarce and dear. The such legislation as shall protect the rights of Ja.bor, afford an honest dearer the money the- sounder the currency in the estimation of the measure of the obligations of contracts, and e<;tablish for the United banker. The morewheatorcotton it requires to procure a givenquan States financial and indust1·ial, as well as political, independence. tity of money the more precious and desirable to the banker the money becomes. Quoting the opinion of bankers where their interests are in APPENDIX. volved to influence legislation is as absurd as it would be to rely on EXIIIBIT A.-WHEAT. the arguments of the Cobden Club as to the benefits of free trade to CO'Inpamtive table showing the deell ne ill the p1·ice of wheat in the United Stat~ ana the manufacturers of the United States. It is natural for the National its stability in India sine~ the demonetization of saver in 1873. Bank Association to advocate the repeal of the Bland act and contrac tion t.o the gold standard, because it will make money dearer and prop erty cheaper In other words, it will produce good money and bad times. The National Bank Association also controls the indebtedness of the United States, the value of which they have largely increased, and de sire further to increase, by contraction to the gold standard. The South Years. and the West, by the demonetization of silver, are sorely depressed, both by the low price of wheat and cotton and other farm products, which are governed in foreign markets, as I have already shown, by the price of silver, and also by contraction of the currency which has involved them in debt and compelled them to mortgage their farms. '.rhis >ast moneyed interest centered in the city of New York, and co ------operating with the foreign influence which I have already described, 1874 ...... $1.2929 $1.42 $1.06 threatens both the industrial and financial independence of the United 1875 ...... 1.27 1.12 1.12-k States, and if not successfully resisted will destroy our manufactures, 1876 ...... 1. 213 1.24 .86! ruin our farmers, and render the United States dependent upon Great 1877 ...... ' 1.14 1.16 .85!. H!78 ...... 1.18 1.33 l.mi Britain. 1&79 ...... •...••.•••...... •..•...•.•...... 1.13 1.06 1.14t It is easy to see why foreign manufacturers and foreign importers 1--80 ...... 1.11 1.24 1.30 and all persons engaged in foreign trade should support Mr. Cleveland, 1881...... 1.13 1.11 1.09. 1882 ...... 1.10 1.18 1.08t because he is in favor of free trade. And it is also easy to see why the 1883 ...... 1.10 1.12 1.08t agents of bondholders, both foreign and domestic, and money-loaners 1884 ...... 1.09 1.06 1.06 and dealers in money should support ~fr. Cleveland, because he is in 1885 ...... 1.0875 .86 1.02t 1 favor of the gold standard and contraction, which '~ill increase their wealth. But it is difficult to comprehend how any patriotic person EXHIBIT B.-CoTTON. who desires the prospmity of the United States can join in that sup- Comparative table ~hawing the decline in the price of cotton irl the United Slates and port, and particularly bow the South and the West, which are develop- its stability in I11dia since the demonetizatio?~ of siliVe1· in 1873. ing manufactures and desire good prices for their farm products, can support a candidate for the Presidency who would destroy their mann .s~~~ factures by free 1rade, and who is laboring to enhance the obligations rg~;a : of contracts, to increase the burden of debts, and reduce the price of g,g§~ all the productions of the United States by the demonetization of P."' p...., ~~f~ silver~ p.~;... s It js incomprehensible that anybody should believe that Mr. Cleve Years. g~8] land was sincere when be suggested in his message that free trade and ~"gg-c the surrender of our markets to foreign competition would enable the 8~:.:::~ people of the United States to supply foreign markets and increase home '0;§~~ production when he knew, or ought to have known, that the people of ~Jl "'~ the United States were shut out from every foreign market by exorbi ·s::~~ ~ tant foreign tariffs, by >ast steam-ship subsidies to foreign vessels, and 11- every device possible to exclude the products of this country from for - , · ~ -- - Cent.s. eign lands; when be knew, or ought to have known, that it is necessary C~nts. for the life and existence of manufacturing establishments that they 1874...... 51. 2929 15l llt 1 .5...... J. 27 15 llt shall have a secure and permanent market to justify investments and 1876...... 1. 2G 13 11 insure steady production) and that all other countries in the world 1877...... 1. 14 12 11!. have ample tariffs to secure their markets for their own establishments 1878...... • •...... 1.18 11 ni to enable them to manufacture cheaply and send their surplus abroad, 1879...... 1.13 10 12 1830...... 1.11 11;} IU and that it would be the extreme of folly and madness for the United 1 1...... 1.13 11 ui States to surrender its markets to foreign countries without the possi 188'2 ...... _...... 1.10 lit bility of reciprocal favors. The statesman who will compel the people 1883...... 1.10 1L ~~t 188-L...... 1. 09 10..} 11-£ of the United States to compete with the underpaid labor of Europe 1885...... 1. 0875 10f llf operating behind breastworks of protection is either incompetent or wicked. EXHIBIT C.-1\IEXICO. In view of the depression of business in consequence of contraction, Table showing that while Mexico maintain& th~ silver standa1·d the ave,·a:Je p1·ices of how could the President contemplate a reduction of the tariff in the the f ollowing leading p1·oduclions of that C01.tnf1·y have 1·emained stable. present stringency of the money market which must be followed by a glut of foreign commodities, the closing down of our manufactures, and I Lead, I Wool, Cocoa, Rubber, I Coffee, the withdrawal of our circulating medium in payment for foreign goods? perpound. perpound. perpound. perpound. perpound Is it possible that he considered the inevitable conseanence of his ad vice and the ruin and disaster which followed the tree-trade tariffs of 1833 and 1857, which stand out as warnings to the American people Cents. Cents. Ce.nts. Cent:;. Cents. against the commission of similar blunders? The necessity of the situ 1873 ...... : ...... 4t 9 16 40 19' ation must have been pressing to have induced the President to have 1874 ...... 5 Sf 14;} 4lt 20" •• 1875 ...... 4M 9k 13 I 40 21 preferred the bankruptcy of his country to some more patriotic method 1876 ...... 5 lot 1Jt 37lr 1St of securing his re-election. How any representative of the people and 1877 ...... 5t 8;} 12-l 3lf 1St particularly from the South or the West, can desire destruction of their 1878 ...... 5;} 9 12t 38;} 17!. 1879 .....•...... 5 St 12 39 16i new and growing manufactures, the contraction of the currency by the 1880 ...... 5 lit 12 44t lGt withdrawal of our circulating medium for the purchase of foreign goods, 1881...... 4 ~ 9; 11-l 52t I l2t and its further contraction by the repeal of all laws for the coinage ot 1882 .... ····················· 4i 9t 12 sot lot silver and the continual decline in the price of wheat and cotton, is in 1883 ...... 5 9t 12k 5lt lot 1834 ...... 4i - Sl 12 49 nt comprehensible. 1885 ...... 4t 8 16 45 10 I appeal to every voter in the United St.ates who is in favor of honest 1886 ...... 4t 8 18 39~ 9 money and a steady and constant supply of the circnlatin(J' medium, 1887 ...... 4t 8 18 45 12i who is in favor of home production, who is in favor of empl~yment for Avernge ...... 4-h st I 13t 40& labor and wages sufficient to save the wage-workers of the United States I I I I XIX--547 .: 8738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEMBER 19, - ExHIBIT D.-RussiA. EXHIBIT F.-Duties on imp01·Ls, etc.-Continued. Table showing that whae Russia maintains the saver standard, the a'teruge prices of the following leading product-ions of that country have remained stable. Tobacco. Colonies. Wheat, I Corn, Wool, Linseed, Butter, Years. Iper oushel.l per bushel. per pound. per bushel. per pound. Ra.w. 1\Iannfactured. Cigars. Cents. Cents. Cents. New Zealand ...... 88 cts.per lb...... Sl. 50 per lb. 1S73 ...... $1.49 84t 23-k . $1.47 19 Queensland...... 63 cts. per lb...... $1.25 per lb. 1874 ...... 1.35 9lt 23t 1.38 19 l<'iji Islands...... 24t cts. per lb...... 75. cts. per lb ...... $1. 25 per lb. 1875 ...... 1.28 54 19f 1.32;t 19l Natal...... 9 cts. per lb...... 37 cts. per I b ...... $1 per lb. 1876 ...... 1.34 57 2ot 1.36t 20 Cape of Good Hope... 18 cts. per lb...... 37 cts. per lb...... $7. 30 per 1,000 and 1877 ...... 1.47f 67 34 1.63 17t 10 p. ct. 1878 ...... 1.45 51~ 22-l- 1.64 1St Lagos ...... 4 cts. per lb...... 12 cts. per lb...... St. 25 per 1,000. 1879 ...... 1.66t 62f 23-t 1. 72k 19 Gold Coast ...... :.... 12 cts. per lb...... 24 cts. per lb...... 75 cts. per lb. 1880 ...... •... - •...... 1.61t SIT 17t 1.67 16f Canada...... ~ ...... 20 cts.and 12t p. 63 cts. and 20 p. ct. 1881...... •...... 1.59} 51f 21f 1.50 . 1St ct. per lb. pe-r lb. 1&!2 ...... 1.42 95t 19 1.38 1S(tr Newfoundland...... 10;\- cts. per lb...... 14 cts. per lb ...... $5.50 cts. per 1,000 - 1S~-3 ...... ---······· 1.30 85t 15{- 1.43t 2lt and5p.ct. 1884_ ...... 1.24t 90t 13 ~ 23 Bermuda...... 4 cts. per lb...... $!.86! per 1,000. 1885 ...... 1.03{- 7# 1# 1.24 15l Honduras ...... 5 cts. per Jb...... 10 cts. per lh ...... $5.80 cts. per 1,000. 1886.... _...... 1.01 76 14t 1.10 16 British Guiana...... 25 cts. pe:r lb ...... 35 cts. per lb...... 7S cts.per lb. 1887...... 1.0'2 75 1# 1.12 16 Bahamas...... 3 cts. per lb...... 7 cts. per lb...... S2 per 1,000 and 15 p.ct. Average...... --1.4W / 73 17t 1.43 Turk's Tslands...... 1 ct. per lb ...... 2 cts. per lb..•...... 82.43 cts. per 1,000. Jamaica...... ; ...... 12 cts.per lb ...... 24-t cts. per lb ...... $1.25 CIS. per lb. St. Lucia...... 21 cts. per lb ...... ~ 42 cts. per lb ...... •. 75 cts. per lb. EXHIBIT E.-HOLLAND. St. Vincent...... 12 cts. per lb ...... 24t cts. per lb...... 75 cts. per lb. Barbadoes...... 2-lt cts. per lb...... 37 cts.per lb ...... $1.25 per lb. Table showiug that while HoZland has (OJ" years maintained the silver standard, ha'lr Grenada...... 24f ets. pe-r lb...... 50cts.and$lperlb. ing only of late years rettwned to binutalism, the average prices of the foUowing Tobago...... 14 cts. per lb ...... 2.1} cts.per lb...... 25 p. ct. ad val. leading product-ions of that countr-y have remained stable. St. Christopher...... 5 cts. per lb...... 9~ cts. per lb ...... Nevis...... 5 cts. per lb ...... 9~ cts. per lb ...... Wool, Flax. Tallow, Butter, Cheese, Antigua ...... Scts.perlb...... $1.25 cts. per lb. Years. per pound. per pound. per pound.I per pound. per pound. and 10 per ct. Montserrat...... 12 cts. per lb...... 20 cts. per lb...... 16 cts. per lb. Dominica...... 6 cts. per lb...... 20p. ct. ad val...... 20 p. ct. ad val. Trinidad...... 18 cts. per lb...... 2# cts. per lb...... 50 cts. per lb. Cents. Cents. Cents. ·Cents. Cents. 1873...... 22 13 9J "15 6;\- 1874 ...... ······ ... 21t 13~ 9.!.8 14f 6t Colonies. Wines (bottled, double 1875...... 22 14{- 10 14-f 6t Spirits. duty). 1876...... 19 lSi ll 14 1- 7t I f~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~l ~~t ~ i!i ~ India ...... 5 p. ct. a.d val ...... $l.92p. gal. 1879...... 19 13t 9 14t 6~ Lahnan ...... $l.56p. ga.l...... ~.lOp. gal. 1880...... 1S 13{- 9l- 1# 6t Falkland Islands ...... $2.50 p. gaL ...... 50 cts. p. gal. 2.50 p. gal...... 62f cts. p. gal. 50 cts. p. gal...... m to 37-/r cts. p. gal. im::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m -t~ n ~* ~ ~:~J~~~~~::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::: 50 cts. p. ga.l...... 1st to 2{! cts. p. gal. 1884...... 21t 12-t 91. 14t 6t Gibraltar...... ~ .. .. 97 cts. p. ga.l ...... _. .. 7 cts. p. gal. 1885...... 21t 13t 9!- 14t 6t 1\Ialta ...... 62-k cts. p. ga.l...... 31 cts. p. gal. 1886...... 2lt 13 ?' l!lt 6t New South Wales ...... -...... $1.25 p. gal. 1887...... 21{- 13t 14t 6t Ceylon ...... ft.fo r.~::::::::::::::::: 23 to 34 cts. p. gal. --~-2-n-!'- lli ---1-3-}..- ,: ----9-••- 1 ~---14-~- :, ------6-2 v~utri~ius ...... $2.09 p. gal...... 16-k cts. p. gaJ. Average...... ! "" Jr ., 1c ona...... 1!2.50p. gal...... 51.50 p. gal. South Australia ...... $3p. gal...... SI.25 to $4.86t p. gal. West Australia ...... S3.50p. gal...... $1 to $3 p. gal. EXHIBIT F.-Duties 011 imports levied by Great BrUain and Ireland and the colo- Tasmania ...... 81 to $3 p. ga.l. 'liies of Great B-l'itain. New Zealand ...... g_~ ~~~~i·:.:::::::::::::::: $1 to S3 p. gal. Tobacco: Q~~ensland ...... $2.50 p. ga.l...... $1.50 to li3 p. gal. Unmanufactured, containing 10 pounds or more of moisture in every 100 FIJI ...... $3 p . gal...... 50 cts. to $1 p. gal. $1.56 p. gal...... 50 cls. to $1 p. gal. oound_s- weight thereof, SH cents per. poun~. ~:~l ;;{"0-~-~d·H~--~:::::·:.::::::::::::: :: $2.06 p. gal...... 9S cts. to S2.1G p. gal. Containmgdless than 10 pounds of mo1sture rn every 100 pounds, 95 cents La~os ...... :...... 12 to 24 cts. p. ga.l ...... 25 to 50 cts. p. gal. l\~~~Ja0c~r~d cigars, $1.37k per pound. . Gold Coast...... Sl.25p. gal...... 12 tQ 50 ctR. p. gal. Cavendish or negro-head, $1.20 per pound. 1 Canada ...... ~ ...... $1.32! to S3 p. gal ...... 24 cts. and 30 p. ct. to 69 cts. and 30 p. ct. ·Snuff containing more than 13 pounds of moisture in every 100 pounds Do ...... :...... $1.90 to $2.10 p. gal .... . $3.12! and 30 p. ct. weight thereof, $1.02 per pound. Newfoundland ...... $1.04 to $1.67! p. gal ... 30 cts. to $1.87t and Not containing more than 13 pounds of moisture, $1.20 per pound. 12! p. ct. Other manufactured tobacco, $1.08 per pound. Bermuda...... $1 and 20 p. ct. p. gaL .. 20 p. ct. ad val. Tea, 12 cents per pound. Honduras ...... S2 p. gal ...... 24 • cts. to 51 p. gal. Coffee: Guiana...... _...... $2.08 p. gal ...... 36 cts. to ~.10 p. gal. R-aw, $3.50 per cwt. Bahamas...... 75 cts. to 2.25 p.gal. .. . 50 cts. p. gal. and 20 p. Kiln-dried, roasted, and ground, 4 cents per pound. ct. Chicory: Turk's Islands...... 75 ~ts. to Sl p. gal ...... 2H cts. p. gal. and 10 p. Roasted, ground, and mixed, 4 cents per pound. ct. Raw, $3.25 per cwt. Jamaica...... $2.50 p. gal ...... 62! cts. p. gal. Cocoa. or chocolate, 4 cents per pound. St. Lucia...... ~ ...... $1.50 to l. 75 p. gal. .. . 20 p. ct. ad val. Spirits, brandy, rum, Geneva, etc., $2.58 per gallon. St. Vincent ...... 87;\- cts. to $1.50 p. gal.. 25 p. ct. ad val. Liqueurs, cordials, or otber preparations containing spirits in bottles, $3.50 per Ba.rbadoes ...... - ...... $1 to $1.50 p. gal...... lS cts. p. gal. Grenada ...... 51.25 p. gal...... ••...... 50 cts. p. ga.l. ga~~rf~med spirits, $!.12;\- per gallon. Tobago ...... 51.75 p. gal ...... ; .... . 50 cts. p. gal. Chloroform, 75 cents per pound. Virgin Islands...... 25 to 37;\- cts. p. gal...... 37t c.p.gal. Chloral hydrate, 31 cents per pound. St. Christopher...... 25 cts. to Sl p. gal ...... Collodion, $5.86 per gallon. Antigua ...... 75 cts. to SL04 p. gal... Ether, $6.11 per gallon. 75 cts. to 81 p. gal...... Ethyl iodide of, $3.25 per gallon. 50 cts. to 1 p. gal ...... 20 p. ct. ad val. Naphtha, purified,$2.58 per gallon. Ng!~~~:::.:::·::.::::·:.·::::::::::::: :::::: Trinidad...... ~per ga.l...... 10 to 62t cts. p. gal. Wine from 25 to 62l cents per gallon as to strength. Curra:nts, figs, raisins, plums, $1.75 per cwt. Cards playing, per dozen packs, 9-l cents. Beer ~nd ale, from S6.35 to $7.48 per gallon as to strength. Colonies. Wheat. Flour. Corn. Total duties collected last year by Great Britain (as per Exhibit I ) $101,564.430. ·• Tobacco. Ceylon ...... 13 cts. p. bush...... 2'>--l cts. p. cwt...... 13 cts. p. bush. Mauritius...... 14} cts. p. bush...... 19t cts. p. cwt...... 14t cts. p. bush. Qolonies. Victoria...... 50 cts. p. 100 lbs.. ... 50 cts. p.lOO lbs . ... 25 cts. p. 100 lbs. South Australia...... S cts. p. bush...... 25 cts. p.lOO lbs. ... 8 cts. p. bush. R-a.w. :Manufactured. Cigars. West Australia-...... 8 cts. p. bush ...... 25 cts.p.lOO lbs .... S cts. p. bush. Tasmania ...... 20 cts. p.100 lbs..... 25 cts. p.100 lbs. ... 20 eta. p.lOO lbs. New Zealand...... 18 cts. p.lOO lbs..... 25 cts. p.IOO lbs .... 18 cts. p.lOO lbs. I.abuan ...... 7t cts. per lb...... 15 cts. per lb. Queensland...... 12 cts. p. bush...... Free...... 12 cts. p. bnsh. Falkland Islands...... 48t cts. per lb...... 75 cts. p~r lb...... $1.25 per lb. Natal...... 4 eta. p. bag...... 4 cts. p. bag...... 4 cts. p. bag. St. Helena...... 12 cts. per lb.. _..... 2-l cts. per lb...... 2-l cts.per lb. Cape of Good Hope... 16 cts. p.lOO lbs..... 62t cts. p.lOO lbs ... 1 cts. p.lOO lbs. Gambia...... 4S! cts. per lb...... 75 cts. pet· lb ...... 75 cts. per lb. Lagos...... 4 p. ct. ad val...... 4 p. ct. ad val...... 4 p. ct. ad vat New South WaJes ..... 24t cts. per lb...... 48} cts.pet·lb...... $L 25 pe1·lb. Canada...... 15 cts. p. bush...... 52 cts. p. 112 lbs.. ... 7i cts. p. bush. Ceylon ...... 4 cts. per lb...... 8 cts. pet· lb...... 22! cts. per lb. Guiana...... 5 cts. p. bush...... $1.04 p.112 lbs...... 5 ct.s. p. bush. Mauritius ...... 35 cts. per lb ...... 43 cts. per lb...... 47 l'ts. per lb. Bahamas ...... 6 cts. p. bush...... !1.25 p.ll2lbs...... 6 cts. p. bush. Victoria...... - ...... 24t cts. pe:r lb...... 75 cts. per lb...... $ l. 50 per lb. Turk's Island...... 4 cts. p. bush...... 95 cts. p. bbl ...... -· 4 ctR. p. bush. South Australia...... 24j- cts. per lb-..... 50 cts. per lb...... $1.25 per lb. Jamaica...... lS cts. p. bush...... ~ p. bbl...... 8 cts. p. bush. West Australia...... 24t cts. per lb...... 75 cts. per lb...... SL 25 per lb. St. Lucia ...... 12 cts. p. bnsh...... $1.04 p. bbl...... 12 cts. p. bush, Tasmania...... 75 cts. oer lb...... $1. 25 per lb. St. Vincent...... 6 cts. p. bush ...... $1 p. bbl ••••....•...... 6 cts. p. bush. 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8739 ExHIBIT F.-Duties on imports, etc.-Continued. Nl!."VVS. Seventy-seven cents per puncheon of rum; 15 cents per bushel of charcoaL tColonies. Wheat. Flour. Corn. DOMINICA. Sevety-five cents oneachheadof cattle; on cocoa and coffee 12 centspercwt.; 12 cents per gallon on essential oils; 2 cents per gallon on strong lime-juice; on Darbadoes...... 12 cts. p. 100 lbs.... $1.04 p. bbl...... 12 cts. p. 100 lbs. Manioc farine 6cents per bushel; 75 cents on each puncheon of rum; on starch Grenada...... 12 cts. p. bush...... 81 p. bbl...... 12 cts. p. bush. and arrowroot·, 12 cents per cwt. · Tobago...... 10 cts. p. bush...... $1.25 p. bbl...... 10 cts. p. bush. MONTSERRAT. Virgm Islands ...... 12 cts. p. bush..... $1.25 p. bbl...... 12 cts. p. bush. Twenty-four cents on each goat; $2 on each horse, mule, and horned cat-tle; St. Christopher...... 6 cts. p. bush...... $1.04 p. hbl...... 6 cts. p. bush. 24centsoneachptg and sheep; on lime-juice $1.37per120gallons; and4cents Nevis...... 6 cts. p. bush...... $1.04 p. bbl...... 6 cts. p. bush. per barrel'on tamarinds. Antigua...... 6 cts. p. bush...... $1.25 p. bbl...... 6 cts. p. bush. TRINIDAD. Montserrat...... 8 cts. p. bush...... 50 cts. p. bbl...... 8 cts. p. bush. Eighteen cents per ton on raw asphalt and 35 cents per ton on boiled asphalt; Dominica...... 8 cts. p. bush...... $1.04 p. bbl...... 8 cts. p. bush. 75 cents per 240 gallons of crude petroleum and 92 cents per 240 gallons of I'e• Trinidad ...... 10. cts. p. bush...... 83 cts. p. bbl...... 10 cts. p. bush. fined petroleum. On cocoa. and coffee, 22! cents per cwt.; and $1 per 100 gal· lons of rum. SIERRA LEONE. Ham and Salt beef and Petroleum. Colonies. bacon. pork. I Butter. One dollar and twenty-one cents per cwt. on cocoanuts; 48t; centspercwt. on gum copal; 4 cents per cwt. on benny-seed, palm-kernell:l, and decorticated Percwt. Pe1· cwt. ground-nuts; 4 cents on each hide, and 2 cents per gallon on palm-oil. New South 'Vales...... $4.50 12l cts. p. gal...... EXPORT DUTIES OF SUGAB. AND MOLASSES. Ceylon ...... 1.35 5 p. ct. ad val...... $1. 37 Jamaica, $1.39 per hogshead on sugar. 1\Iaul'itius...... 1.07 1.07 4.50 St. Lucia, 8 cents per 100 pounds on sugar. Victoria ...... -t.50 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·w.·~i;:·r;:~;;.c:::::: St. Vincent, 24 cents per puncheon of 90 gallons molasses. South Australia ...... 4.50 ...... 6 cts. p. gal ...... 4.50 Grenada, $1 per 100 gallons molasses and 50 cents peT 1,000 pounds of sugar. 'Vest Australia...... 6.80 10 p.ct .... : ...... 4.50 4.50 St. Chl'istopher, $2.05 p er hogshead on sugar. Tasma nia ...... 4.50 42 cts. p. cwt...... 10 p. ct. ad val ...... Nevis, $2.31 per hogshead on sugar. New Zealand ...... 4.50 Antigua, $1.21 per hogshead, 81 cents per tierce. and 15 cents-per barrel on Q~ ~ ensland ...... 4.50 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... 4.'5o sugar. _ FIJI...... 4.54 4.50 1\Iontserrat, 74 cents per hogshead on sugar. Cape Good Hope ...... 1.37 '$i:·37·p:·~;t.:::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1.37 Dominica, 60 cents on 100 gallons molasses, $1. on 100 gallons sirup. Canada ...... 2.27 1.13 p. cwt...... , . 7 cts. p. gal...... 4.50 1.13 Trinidad, 74 cents on 1,000 pounds of sugar or $1.48 per hogshead. Newfoundland ...... 2.02 . 60 p. cwt...... 4 cts. p. gal...... Illauritius, 9 cents on sugar per cwt. Guiana...... 2.27 3. 04 p. bbl...... 15 cts. p. gal...... 2.27 4.50 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 18S7,we imported from the above-men lla.hamas...... 1.64 1. 64 p. cwt...... 15 cts. p. gal...... tioned countries 435,642,831 pounds of sugar on which we have paid over $1,000,- 'Turk's Island ...... 1.13 1. 13 p. cwt...... 8 cts p. gal...... 2. ?1 000 in export duties to these countries. Jamaica ...... 4.54 3. 65 p. bbl...... 11 cts. p. gal ...... 4.54 St. Lucia...... 4.50 1. 80 p. cwt...... 5 cts. p. ga.l...... 4.50 ExHrnrr H.-Tariffs of foreign countr-ies. St. Vincent ...... 2.27 3. 04 p. bbl...... 2 cts. p. gaL...... 2.27 Barbadoes...... 1.35 1. 35 p. cwt ...... 5 cts. p. gal...... 2.04 AUSTRIA. Grenada...... 1.35 1. 35 p. cwt ...... 18 cts. p. gal...... 2.27 Cotton wadding, per cwt., $1.20. Tobago ...... 4.54 2.10 p. cwt ...... 12 cts. p. gal...... 4.54 Cotton yarns, single, from $L.44 to$3 ..84 percwt.; double, from $1.92 to $3.83 per Virgin Islands...... 56 . 56 p. cwt...... 15 cts. p. gal...... 56 cwt. St. Uhl'istopher ...... 1.13 1.13 p.cwt...... 15 cts. p.gaL ...... 2.27 The duty on spool-cott-on has been raised lately 19 per cent., and is now S8.40 Nevis ...... 1.13 1.13 p. cwt...... 15 cts. p. gal...... 2.27 per cwt., wooden spools and all packages included. Cotton manufactured as cloth, unbleached, has been 7 per cent., and is now ExHIBIT G. $8.16nercwt.; bleached raised Ilt per cent., and is now $10.80; dyed raised 10 per cimt., and pays a duty of $13.20; woven, in various colors, raised 16~ per E:Jport duttes collected by the colonies of Great Britain. cent., paying now a duty of $16.80per cwt. INDIA. 'Vool, tablets, hat-felts, etc., $1.67 per cwt. Woolen yarns, from $1.49 to $2.23 percwt. An export duty of 11 cents per 100 pounds is collected on rice. amounting on 'Voolen carpets, $7.42 per cwt. an average for the past seven years to $3,432,820.48, of which at least two mill Woolen woven goods, from $9.28 to $14.84 per cwt. ions have been paid by the United States, while the whole duty collected on Light woolen and woven goods, $18.55 per cwt. rice in the United States in 18S7was only$971,454.89, half of which was collected Shawls and like textures, ·$27.83 per cwt. on rice from China. · Breadstuffs: Barley duty was raised 200 per cent., and is now paying 18 cents . CANADA. per cwt. Ca nada charges export duties of $1.01 per 1,000 feet on pill'e and spruce logs, Indian corn raised 100 per cent., now paying a duty of 12 cents per cwt. and 1.04 per cord of 128 cubic feet on shingle bolts, while logs are admitted free Wheat was raised 200 per cent., now paying 36 cents percwt. of duty into the United States . Canada also charges $5 per square mile on tim Flour was raised 150 per cent., now paying 90 cents per cwt. ber land and a royalty of 5 per cent. on all sales of timber cut, as stumpage. Clocks and clock-works. were raised 100 per cent., now paying $24 per cwt., GAMBIA. including packages, which pay as much as the clocks. Ground nuts, $1.62 per ton. 1\Ianufactured India-rubber goods have been raised 50 per cent., now paying $7.20 per cwt. CEYLON. Rails: Iron, $13,20 per ton. Duties on elephants, $91.20 each; plumbago, 11 cents per cwt.; 3 cents peT cwt. on t ea, coffee, and cocoa, and 12! cents on rice; 4! cents per cwt. on Peruvian FRANCE. bark. Cotton waddins;r, 88 cents per 100 pounds gross. VICTORIA. Cotton fabrics, unbleached, from $5.43 to $8.75 per 100 pounds. On scrap-iron, $14.59 per ton. Cotton fabrics, unbleached, weighing from 14 to 24 pounds to each 109 yards square, from $8.32 to $21.89 per 100 pounds, increasing the duty with increase of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. fineness of texture up to $67.45 per 100 pounds net. Twenty-four cents per ounce on gold. Cotton gloves pay $88.44 per 100 pounds net. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Cotton curtains pay $78.79 per 100 pounds net. One dollar and twenty-one cents per cwt. on sandal wood; 319.46 per ton on Unbleached muslin cotton, ~1.52 per 100 pounds net. pearl shells, and $4.86 per ton on other sh.ls. Bleached m'l:lslin cotton, $36.24 per 100 pounds net. Cotton wicks, $6.48 per 100 pounds net. l!."'EW ZEALAND. Ribbons and trimmings, cotton mixed with silk, $32.57 per 100 pounds net. Forty-eight cents per ounce on gold. Cotton yarn, single, unbleached, from $1.62 to $32.57 per 100 pounds net, ac- Q.UEENSLAND. cording to fineness of the thread; if bleached, from $1.86 to $37.45 per 100 pounds. Cotton yarn, unbleached, twisted, from $2.10 to ll4.2.34 per 100 pounds net; if Forty-eight cents per 100 feet on cedar logs per inch thickness, and 48 cents bleached, $2.42 to $!8.69 per 100 pounds. per lOO feet on same logs per 4-inch thickness. '.robacco on Governmen£ account only allowed to be imported. The Fren.ch FIJI. Government has the monopoly of the tobacco trade. Twenty-four dollars and thirty-three cents per cwt. on sandal-wood, and 2! Tobacco on private account prohibited. per cent. on silver coin. 1\lanufactured tobacco for the personal use of the importer up to the amount BAHAMAS. of22 pounds per year, and subject to prohibition against offering for sale and Forty-eight and a half cents per cwt. on guano. under reserve of the administration granting permission, namely: Cigars and cigarettes, $315.15 per 100 pounds net. _ TURK'S ISLAND. Smoking, snuff, and chewing tobacco, $131.32 per 100 pounds net• Ten per cent. on salt. • Ot-her manufactured tobacco prohibited. JAMAICA. 'Vool, single thl'ead, from $1.93 to $19.30 per 100 pounds; bleached, combed, etc., 'Fwelve and a quarter ce~ts on logwood ·per cwt.; while the United States ad from $5.98 to $?...3.93 per 100 pounds. mits the same free of duty. Woolen yarn, pure, for weaving, from '$7.72 to 531.07 per 100 pounds net; if ST. VINCENT. twisted and colored, as high a.s $41_88 per 100 pounds net. - WDolen cloth, from $23.93 to $!0.72 per 100 pounds net. Eighteen cents per cwt. on arroWJ"oot; 16cents per cwt. on cotton and cocoa; ·woolen carpets, from $23.93 to $35.90 per 100 pounds net. 64 cents per puncheon of 52 gallons on spirits of all kinds. Woolen gloves, $1.25.45 per 100 pounds net. GRENADA, Woolen ribbons, $47.86 per 100 potmds net. Thil·~y-two <:ents per 160 pounds of cocoa; Sl per puncheon of rum; 54 cents Woolen tapestry, $119.66 per 100 pounds net. per cwt. on spiCes. Woolen shawls, 576.62 per 100 pounds net. VIRGIN ISLL"U>S. Woolen carpets mixed with cotton, same dut.y as pure woolen carpets. Woolen trimmings, fringes, $193 per 100 pounds net. Two dollars' on every bull, cow, and ox; $1 on each calf; SL50 on each horse, mule, ass, and foal; 75 cents oneachsheepand lamb; 37 cents on each goat and GERMANY. kid; 24 cents on each pig and hog; 12 cents on each sucking pig; and 4 cents Manufactures of cotton, unbleached, $9 per 100 pounds. on each pound of butter. 1\Ianufactures of cotton, bleached, $10.85 per 100 pounds. On salt, 6 cents per barrel; 4 cents per barrel on charcoal and lime· 5t cents Cotton curtain stuff's; $24.75 per 100 pounds. per cwt. on coffee; 26 cents per cwt. on cotton, yams, and sweet potatoes; and Cotton laces, $38.20 per 100 pounds, 18 cents per cord on fire-wood. Tobacco-leaf, unmanufactureo, $9 per 100 pounds. Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes, $28 per 100 pounds. 8'1'. CHRISTOPHER. Tobacco, all other kinds,' $18 per 100 pounds. On salt, 5 per cent. ; 50 cents on each puncheon of rum. Wool, combed, 22 cents per 100 pounds. 8740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEMBER 19, Wool rugs, $18.20 per 100 pounds. MEXICO. Wool shawls, 849.20 ~er 100 pounds. Cotton, manufactured: Wool laces, trimmings, etc. $.>"2.60 per 100 pound!l. Sca1·fs and handkerchiefs, 81 cents per pound; if embroidered, 95 cents peJ' India. rubber goods, &'9.80 per 100 pounds. pound. Iron rails, $5.80 per ton. Canvas, 29 cents per pound. RUSSIA. Clothing, ready-made, $1.14 per pound. Agricultural implements, $1.05 per 100 pounds. Collru·s, cuffs, etc., $1.60 per pound. Blacking, $5.40 per 100 pounds. Corsets, etc., 86 cents per pound. Brass manufactures, $9 per 100 pounds. Cloth, unble:~.ched, per square yard, 9i cents. Brooms, $6.50 per 100 pounds. Cloth, mottled~ dyed, or stamped, 13-l cents per squ:~.re yard. Cars, horse, ~30 each. Cloth, bleachea, 18 cents per square yard. Cars, 2-horse, $165 each. Blankets, coverlets, 31 cents per square yard. Clocks, tower, $16.30 each. Covers for umbrellas, etc., $1 per pound. Clocks, alarm, in brass cases, $9 per 100 pounds. Curtains, 17 cents per square yard. Cotton, raw, 99 cents per 100 pounds. Dress goods, 86 cents per pound. Cotton, partly prepared to be used in spinning, $1.30 per 100 pounds; if dyed, FI"inges, galloons, etc., $1.14 per pound. $3.20 per 100 pounds. Gloves, SL70 per pound. Cottons: Handkerchiefs, 7! cents per square yard. Yarn, unbleached, $7.50 per 100 pounds. · Laces, $3.04 per pound. Ya1·n, bleached, 9.86 per 100 pounds. Shawls, 55 cents per square y:u·d. Yarn, sewing and knitting, $12.50 per 100 pounds. Shawls with fringes, $1.10 per pound. Lamp-wicks, $10.50 per 100 pounds. Socks, stockings, and underwear, 80 cents per pound. Drills of all kinds, 42 cents pe1· pound. Thread, 74 cents per pound. Bed-ticking, 14 cents per pound. Yarn, white, 32 cents per pound; colored, 50 cents per pound. Oil-cloth, 10 cents per pound. Hides, tanned, 70 cents per pound. Handkerchiefs, 11 cents per pound. India foot-wear, 23 cents per pound gross weight. Woolen blankets, 36 cents per pound. Iron: "\Voolen stuffs, plain, 79 cents per pound. C Wool: Cotton manufactures-continued: Thread for weaving, 2f cents per pound. Drills, etc., 29 cents per pound. Loose for embroidery, 19 cents per pound. Coverlets, 31 cents per pound. _ 'Vooden chairs, 25 cents each. Handkerchiefs, 38t cents per pound. . Wooden chair-s, cane seats, $1. each. Socks and other textiles,42t cents per pound. Wooden chairs, rocking, $1.2G each. '.rhread, 19k cents per pound; colored, 28! cents per pound; Wooden beds for one person, $3.36 each. Wool: Wooden beds for two persons, $5.04 each. Blankets, 231 cents per pound. Wooden spoons, 28t cents to 95 cents per pound. Thread, 28} cents per pound. Carpets, 33t cents per pound. ARGENTINE REPUIILIC. Baize, serges, etc., 44 cents per pound. All foreign merchandise shall pay a. duty of 25 per cent. on its value, except All other, 60 cents per pound. !le following articles : - India-rubber foot-wear, 37t cents per pound. Tobacco of all kinds, 55 per cent. Boots and shoes, 48 cents per pound. Perfumery, cigars, and snuff, 50 per cent. Ready-made clothing, bats, caps, shoes, saddles, harness, carriages, matches, URUGUAY. trniture, 45 per cent. Cotton: Wheat, 75 cents per 100 pounds, or 45 cents per bushel. Manufactures, 30 per cent. Starch, 2 cents J)er pound. Gowns, 47 per cent. Flour and corn-meal, U cents per pound. Stockings, 30 per cent. Alcohol, in bottles, 25 cents per bottle. Cloth, SO per cent. Liquors, in bottles, 25 cents per bottle. Colla1·s, 47 per cent. Playing cards, $10 per gross. Leather boots and shoes, 47 per cent. Spades, 25 per cent·. Iron manufactures, 20 and 30 per cent. Axes and hatchets, 25 per cP.nt. VENEZUELA. Brass manufactu1·es, 45 per cent. Brass: Corn, $1.08 per bushel. Manufactures, $6.63 per 100 pounds. Clocks, from 50 cents to $3 each. Buttons, buckles, ~22.11 per 100 pounds. Cotton manufactures, 25 per cent. Clocks, $22.11 per 100 pounds. 'Voolen manufactures, 25 per cent. Uotton manufactures: CHILI. Sails, 88 cents per 100 pounds. Brooms, 88l cents per dozen. Cordage, $2.21 per 100 pounds. Clothes brushes, 75 cents per dozen. Canvas, duck, mats, twine, $6.63 per 100 pounds, American watches, 75 cents each to $1.80 each. Cloth, unbleached, 511.05 per 100 pounds. American clocks, 45 cents each. Drills, blankets, thread, $22.11 per 100 pounds. Cotton sheetings, prints, etc., 25 per cent. Undershirts, knit-goods, etc., $44.22 per 100 pounds. Goat skins, $1 per dozen. Clothing, ready-made, $88.46 per 100 pounds. Leather: Leather: Boots and shoes, $16.80 per dozen. Gloves, $88.(6 per 100 pounds. Sailors', $10.50 per dozen. Boots and shoes, ~176.93 per 100 pounds. \Vomen's boots and shoes, from$5.60 to $18.20 per doz.en. Woolen manu(actures: Children's boots and shoes, from $3.50 to $12.60 per dozen. Blankets, 11.05 per 100 pounds. Tobacco, 150 per cent. for leaf. Counterpanes, etc., $22.11 per 100 pounds. Tobacco, cigars, 300 per cent. .Braid, trimmings, et-c., $44.22 per 100 pound&. \Vooden buckets, 75 cents per dozen. Curtains, shirts, shawls, table-cloths, undershirts, $88.46 per 100 pounds. Wooden buckets, oak, $1.25 per dozen. Clothing of all kinds, ready-made, $176.93 per 100 pounds. Woolen manufactures: EXHIBIT I.-Import duti~ coU.ected by Great Bt'Uain in 1887. Carpetings, 35 per cent. Clothing, ready-made, 35 per cent. Great Britain levied and collected during the past year, 1887, the following Skirts, underwear, 35 per cent. duties on imports: Fringes, 35 per cent. Tobacco ...... $47,347,440 Currants ...... $1,557,565 Gloves, 35 per cent. Hats, 35 per cent. 'i~~·:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:·.:: 2;: ~~: ~ ~rsi:~::::::::::::::::::::::::: .::::: ~~: ~ Blankets, 25 per cent. Brandy...... - ...... ,...... 6, 762,235 Other articles...... 1, 398, 7&5 Bunting, 25 per cent. Other spirits ...... 4, 546, 210 Baize, 35 per cent. \Vine...... 5, 648,150 -Total...... 101,564, 430 Cloth, 35 per cent. Ribbons, 25 per cent. EXHIBIT J.-Otlslom. dut i~ obUected ~Y G-reat Britain and her colonies in 1886-'87. Felt. 25 per cent. Stockings, 25 per cent. Flannel, 25 per cent. Great Britain and colonies. Population. Duties col- Per Boots and shoes, 35 per cent. lected. capita. 'American lamps, 85 per cent. Iron spa-des, 15 per cent. Horse cars, 35 per cent. Great Britain and Ireland ...... 37,091,564 $101,564,430 $2.73 Flax drills, sheeting, 35 per cent. inlta...... 159,231 714,340 (.50 ECUADOR. Ascension Islands...... · ...... 5, 280 33, 400 6. 35 Clocks, 11 cents per pound. Lagos ...... 87, 165 222,135 2. 55 Cotton, manufactured, 11 cents per pound. Bermudas ...... 15,177 119,750 7.95 Flax, manufactured, 11 cents per pound. Falkland Islands...... 1,800 17,590 9.74 Leather, manufactured, 11 cents per pound. British Guiana...... 2i0, 042 1, 350, 210 3. &5 Woolen goods, 22 cents per pound. British Honduras ...... 27,452 136,805 5. 09 Newfoundland ...... 197,335 948,680 4.85 NICARAGUA. JanJaica ...... 585, 582 1, 430, ()()() 2. 60 Button, bone, 30 cents per pound. Trinidad ...... 178,270 1,317,740 7.40 Cotton: · Ba.rbadoes...... 173, 522 516, 055 3. 04 Canvas, 2l cents per pound. Canada ...... 4, 450,000 19,373, 551 4. 35 Wicks, 9 cents per pound. Un po of Good Hope ...... 1, 252, 347 1, 031, 947 1 . 4.13 Denims, 15 cents per pound. l\faul'itius ...... 361, 404 1, 1~2, 547 1 3. 22 Blankets, towels, rugs, 18 cents per pound. ~atal ...... 442, 6971 · 850, 400 ; 1. 92 Ribbons of all kinds, 2-! cents per pound. Fiji...... 126,010 146,760 1.16 Ginghams, 18 cents per pound. New South "\\'ales ...... 1, 001, 996 9, 4.92, 875 \J. 48 Sateens, 30 cents per pound. Ne\v Zealand ...... 589, 386 6, 428, 820 10. 90 Hose, 30 cents per pound. Queensland ...... 342,614 1 4,837,450 14.15 Prints, 24 cents per pQund. South Australia ...... 312,758 4, 685,000 15. 01 Lawns, 36 cents per pound. Tastnania...... 1.37, 211 2, 259, 380 I 16.49 Handkerchiefs, collars, cuffs, etc., 42 cents per pound, Victoria ...... 1, 003, 043 1 10, 661, 805 10. 66 Fringes, 72 cents per pound. Western Australia ...... 39, 5&1 797, 605 20. 00 Laces, edgings, 90 cents per pound. Woolen manufactures: ------~----· ----~------Alpaca, merino, gloves, bose, 60 cents per pound. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Broadcloth, serges, flannels, 75 cents per pound. Carpets, curtains, 42 cents per pound. Mr. PLUMB. Owing to the late hour of the day and the thin con Blaukets, rugs, pouches, 24 cents per pound. dition of the Senate, I prefer that the vote on the amendment to the Homespun, 42 cents per pound. bill. creating the Agricultural Department should be taken to-morrow. Thread, bats, 72 cents per pound. Tape, ribbon, and braid, 75 cents per pound. The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The Chair will first lay before the Fringes, laces, etc., $1.20 per pound. Senate the unfinished business. PERU. The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the considera Cotton manufactures, 40 per cent.· tion of the bill (H. R. 8191) to enlarge the powers and duties of the Lamps, 45 per cent. Department of .Agriculture, and to create an executive depar~ment to Leather manufactures, 45 per cent. be known as the Department of Agriculture. Paper, 45 per cent. Soap, 70 per cent. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The pending question is ou the mo Spirits, 70 per cent. tion of the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS] to Jay upon the table Starch, 40 per cent. the amen~ment of the Committee on .Agricultttre m1d Forestry pro Tobacco, leaf, 70 per cent; cigars, etc., 70 per cent. Woolen manufactures, 40 per cent. posing to strike out section 5. Mr. PLUMB. I askunanimousconsentthatto-morrow at 2 o'clock UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA, the vote shall be taken upon the amenument, and immediately there· O<>tton manufactures: Unbleached cloths, 18 cents per pound. after upon the bill, withQut further debate. _ Bleached, 24 cents per pound. · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Kansas asks Wlall- 8742 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEJ\IBER 19' imous consent that the vote upon the motion ot the Senator from Ten 1\fr. HARRIS.' Of course, if the Senator from New Hampshire de nessee to lay upon the table the amendment of the committee propos sires to debate the merits of the amendment, I shall not cut him off by ing to strike out section 5 shall be taken at 2 o~clock to-morrow, and insisting on my motion. I suggest to the Senator if he proposes to dis that subsequent proceedings upon the bill shall be had without debate. cuss the merits of the bill that he can do so as well after tho vote has Is there objection? been taken upon my motion as before. Mr. HARRIS. I suggest to the Senator from Kansas that there are 1\Ir. CHANDLER. I propose to speak to the merits of the amend- one or two Senators, I think, who desire to submit some remarks upon ment. the merits of the bill. Perhaps it would be best to confine the request :M:r. HARRIS. I withdraw the motion in order that the Senator to taking the vote upon laying the amendment upon the table or the may be heard. final disposition of the amendment. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The motion to lay on the table is Ur. PLUMB. I will modify my request in accordance with that withdrawn. The question recurs on the amendment proposed by the suggestion. · · committee. 1\Ir. GEORGE. Let it be confined to the vote on laying the amend Mr. VEST. Does the Senator from New Hampshire propose to pro- ment on the table. I shall object otherwise. ceed now? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair has been notified by two 1\fr. CHANDLER. I would as soon proceed to-morrow, or I can go Senators of an intention to speak upon the pending proposition in the on now if there is no other business. I intend to speak but a little bill. They are not present. The request as modified is that the vote while. upon the motion of the Senator from Tennessee be taken at 2 o'clock Mr. VEST. I wanted to ask the Senate to pass a bridge bill, about to-morrow. which there is an exigency existing. I want to get it through now. Mr. HARRIS. Is it proper that I should state to the Senator from Mr. CHANDLER. Very well. Kansas that I have already consented, upon the app~l of at least one The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Missouri asks Senator who desires to address himself particularly to the merits of this unanimous consent thqt the unfinished business may be informally laid amendment, that I would not insist upon my motion to lay on the table, aside. so as to cut him off from the privilege of debating it? I am exceed .Mr. VEST. I wish to call up Order of Business 2024, House bill ingly anxious to come to a vote upon it, but I cannot arbitrarily insist 9619. It will lead to no debate and will only take a few moments. upon the motion when appealed to by a Senator who desires to discuss MISSOURI RIVER BRIDGE. the merits of the amendment proposed to be laid upon the table. The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The Chair then understands the re By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, quest for unanimous consent to be withdrawn. proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 9619) to authorize the construction Mr. PLUMB. I do not withdraw it. I will prefer the request to of a bridge across the ~Ii,ssouri River at some accessible point within I the Senate. If it is not desired to have the bill disposed of in that mile north and 1 mile south and east of the month of the Kansas River. way, I shall not prefer any other request, and will let the bill take its The bill was reported from the Committee on Commerce with amend chances in the melee hereafter, as far as I am concerned. ments. l\1r. BUTLER. Mr. President-- The first amendment was, in section 1, line 7, before the word The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If the Senator from South Carolina "point," to strike out "a;" and in line 8, after the word "assigns," will pardon the Chair one moment, the question would recur on the to strike out the words: motion of the Senator from Tennessee to lay the amendment on the Within 1 mile north of the mouth of the Kansas River, in the county of Wy andotte, in the State of Kansas, and 1 mile south and east of the mouth of the table. Kansas River, in the county of Wyandotte, in the State of Kansas, and in the Mr. PLUMB. I make my request. I say I do not modify the re county of Jackson, in the State of Missouri, to the county of Clay, in the State quest. I prefer the request to vote to-morrow at 2 o'clock, and leave of l\1issouri, -as shall best promote the public convenience and welfare and the necessities of business and commerce. it with the Senate. , 1\Ir. BUTLER. I was going to suggest to the Senator from Kansas And in lieu thereof to insert: that he say 4 o'clock to-morrow. That woul~ give everybody an op In Jackson County, Missouxi, within 1 mile north and 1 mile south and east portunity to be heard who desires to be heard. Let us get a vote at 4 of the mouth of Kansas River, Kansas. o'clock to-morrow. So as to make the clause read: That the Missouri River and Land Improvement and Construction Company, 1\lr. HARRIS. Say 4 o'clock, and let the bill be open to debate un a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Kansas, or its assigns, is til that hour, and take the question then upon the amendment and the hereby authorized to co'bstruct and maintain a bridge across the 1\lissouri River bill. at such point as may be hereafter selected by said corporation, or its assigns, in Jackson County, Missouri, within 1 mile north and 1 mile south and east of Mr. BUTLER. I make that suggestion to the Senator from Kansas. the mouth of Kansas River, Kansas. The PRESIDENT pro · tempore. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. 1\IITCHELL] has given notice of a desire to Speak to-morrow at the close The amendment was agreed to. of the morning business. The next amendment was, in section 1, line 25, after the word '' re l\Ir. BUTLER. He ca!l speak after 4 o'clock, I should think. ceiving," to insert ''such;" so as to read: If And also to construct accessory works to secure the best practicable channel 1\Ir. MITCHELL. I do not prefer to speakafter4 o'clock. I can way for navigation and confine the flow of the water to a. permanent channel not commence before 4 o'clock, I shall not commence at all to-morrow. at such point; and also to lay on and over said bridge a railway trac.K: or tracks Mr. HARRIS. Would it be convenient to the Senator to postpone for the more perfect connection of any railroads that are or shall be constructed his notice until the day after to-morrow? to said 1\Iissouri River at or opposite said point; and said corporation may con struct and maintain ways for wa~ons, carriages, horses, or other animals, and Mr. MITCHELL. I have very strong reasons why I should like to for foot passengers, charging and receiving such reasonable toll therefor as may go on to-morrow, if consistent with the convenience of the Senate. be approved from time to time by the Secretary of War. Mr. ·PLUMB. If there is to be no further debate except that sug • The amendment was agreed to. gested by the Senator from Tennessee, w~ ought to dispose of ~he bill The next amendment was, in section 6, line 3, before the word "ob within half an hour. A vote on the motiOn to lay on the table 1s prac structions" to strike out ''material and substantial;" s~ as to make tically a vote on the amendment. If that motion should be voted down, the section read: of course the vote on the amendment will go without anything except SEc. 6 .• That Congress shall have power at anytime to alter, amend, or repeal the ordinary 1.1iva voce division. As far as I know there are no other this act so as to prevent or remove all obatructions to the navigation of said river by the construction of said bridge and its accessory works; nnd the ex amendments to be proposed, and I do not. see why the bill can not be penses of altering said bridge or removing such obstructions shall be at the disposed of to-morrow; but if it is not convenient to the Senate, I am expense of the owners of or persons controlling such bridge. willina to ask that it be postponed until the middle of next week and The amendment was agreed to. see if ~e can get a vote on it then. Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. I desire to call attention to the provision Mr. BUTLER. I hope that will not be done. We ought certainly in section 3 with reference to the description of the court. The court to get a vote within three hours after we meet to-morrow. I ask the is described as "the circuit court of the United States of the State of Senator from Oregon if it would be convenient to him to speak after Kansas or State of Missouri." There is no such court. 3 o'clock to-morrow? · 1\Ir. VEST. That is a typographical error; it ought to read " circuit 1\Ir. MITCHELL. I stated to the Senator from Kansas on my left, court ofthe United States for the district of Kansas or for the district in answer to a request made by him to myself as to whether I would of Missouri.'' gi>e way in case I got the floor to-morrow morning for a vote, that cer 1\lr. WILSON, of Iowa. I move that amendment. t ainly I would, but-- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will state the pro Mr. PLUMB. I withdraw the request. po ed amendment. 1\Ir. MITCHELL. I should like very much for certain reasons to go The SECRETARY. In section 3, line 17, after "United States," it is on in the morning, but I am willing to give way if a vote can ~e taken proposed to strike out the words '' of the State,'' and insert ''for the at any reasonable time on this other question. district;" and in line 18, after the words "Kansas or," to strike out The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question recurs on the motion "State" and insert "for the district;" so as to read: of the Senator from Tennessee to lay upon the table the proposed And should any change be made in the plan of the bridge or saiu access ory amendment of the committee to strike out section 5 of the bill. works, during the progress of work thereon, such change shall be subject like 1\fr. CHANDLER. I ask the Senator from Tennessee to be kind wise to the approval of the Secretary of War, and be made at the expense of the company making the same; and in case of any litigation arising from any enough to withdraw the moti'on to lay upon the table so that I II~uty obstruction or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said Missouri River, submit a few remarks on the pending amendment. caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case may l>e l.lrought in the 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 8743 circuit court of the United States for the district of Kansas or for the district ~f The next amendment was, in section 2, to strike out the following Missouri in which any portion of said obstruction or brid.ge may pe located. words: The amendment was agreed to. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Interior to fix the amount of The bill was reported to the Senate as amended. compensation to be paid to the Indians for such right of way, and provide the time and manner for the payment thereof; and also to ascertain and fix the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair calls the attention of the amount to be paid to individual members of the tribe for damages sustained by Senator from Missouri to line 3 of section 7, and suggests that the word them by reason ot'the construction of said road. "within" should be inserted before the word "one;" so as to read: A.nd in lieu thereof to insert: "be not commenced within one vear." That before said railway shall be constructed through any land, claim, or im Mr. VEST. That is also a miStake of the printer. provement held by individual occupants, according to any treaties or laws of Tile PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerks will insert the word the United States, compensation shall be made such occupant or claimant for all property to be taken or damage done by 1·eason of the construction of said "within" before the word "one." railway. In case of failure to make satisfactory settlement with any such claim The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be read ant, the just compensation shall be determined as provided for by the laws of a third time. 1\linnesota, enacted for the settlement of like controversies in such cases. The amount of damages resulting to the Fond duLac tribe of Indians in their tribal The bill was read the third time, and passed. ca.paci ty by reason of the construction of said rail way through such lands of the Mr. VEST. I move that the Senate insist on its amendments and reservation as are not occupied in severalty, shall be ascertained and determined a.sk for a conference with the House of Representatives thereon. in such manner as the Secretary of the Interior may direct, and to be subject to The motion was agreed to. his final approval. By unanimous consent, the President pro tempm·e was authorized to The amendment was agreed to. appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate, and Mr. VEST, .Mr. Mr. DOLPH. I offer the following amendment to be inserted just CoKE, and Mr. SAWYER were appointed. before the last section, the sections to be renumbered by the Secretary to correspond: POST-OFFICE AT ST. PAUL, MINN. SEC.-. That there be, and is hereby, granted to the Oregon Railway and :Mr. DAVIS. I desire to call up Senate bill No. 1574, and ask unani Navigation Company, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oregon, for the purposes of station buildings, depots, machine-shops, mous consent for its present consiQ.eration. side-tracks, turn-outs, and water stations, and other railroad purposes, and for By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, the purpose of access to and egress from said station, the following-described proceeded to consider the bill (S. 1574) for the erection of a post-office tracts of land, being a p01·tion of the Indian reservation in the State of Oregon known as the Umatilla reservation, namely: Commencing at a point 1,038~feet building at St. Paul, Minn. north of the southeast corner of section 4, township 3 north, range 34 east, Wil The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and lamette meridian,and on the east line of section 4; thence north 57 degrees west Grounds with amendments. The first amendment was, in s~ction 1, 250.3 feet to a point 314.8 teet from the main track of the Oregon Rail way and line 14, after the words "sum of," to strike out ''one million two Navigation Company's railroad;· thence north 33 degrees east 1,050 feet in a. line parallel with the main track of said railroad at this point; thence south 57 de hundred" and insert "seven hundred and fifty;" so as to read: grees east 414.8 feet; thence south 33 degrees west 1,050 feet; thence north 57 That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and be hereby is, authorized and di degrees west 100 feet to the center of the main track of said railroad; thence rected to accept, as a donation from the city of St. Paul, in the State of l\1in ne norl;h 57 degrees west 64j- feet to the place of beginning, containing 10 acres. sota, a suitable lot of land, and cause to be erected thereon a. commodious and Also a. strip of land 62.2 feet wide on each side of a line commencing at a point substantial building, with fire-proof vaults therein, for the accommodation of on the northwest side of said 10-acre tract, 100 feet from its northwest corner, the United Stat.es post-office in that city. The plans, specifications, and full esti and running thence north 10 degrees and 24 minutes west 700 feet to the center mates for said building shall be previously made by the Supervising Architect of Wild Horse Creek. of the Treasury Department and approved according to law, and shall not ex SEc.-. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Interior to fix the amount ceed, for the building complete, including heating and ventilating apparatus, of compensation to be paid the Indians for such tracts of land and to provide elevators, and approaches, the sum of S750,000. the time and manner of the payment thereof, and until the compensation afore said has been fixed and paid no rightofany kind shall vest in said railway com The amendment was agreed to. pany. The next amr.ndment was, in section 2, line 1, after the words "sum SEc.-. That said rail way company shall accept this grant upon the expressed of," to strike out "one million two·hundred" and insert'' seven hun condition, binding upon itself, its successors and assigns, that they will neither aid, advise, nor assist in any effort looking towards the changing or extinguish . dred and fifty;" so as to make the section read: ing the present tenure of the Indians in their land, and will not attempt to se That the sum of $750,000 be, and the same is hereby, appropriated, out of any cure from the. Indian tribes ,any further grant of land or its occupancy than is money in the Treasw·y not otherwise appropriated, to be used and. expended hereinbefore provided: Provided, That any violation of the condition mentioned for the purposes provided in this act. in this section shall operate as a forfeiture of all the rights and privileges of said railway company under this act. The amendment was agreed to. S.Eo. -. The preceding three sections shall not take effect until t.he consent of The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend said Indians to the provisions thereof shall have been obtained; which consent shall be expressed in writing, signed by a majority of the male adults on said ments were concurred in. reservation and by a majority of their chiefs in council assembled for that pur The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be pose, nnd shall be filed with the Secretary of the Interior. read a third time. Mr. DAWES. I ask the Senator from Oregon to state to the Senate, The bill was read the third time, and passed. so that it may go upon the record, just the scope of this amendment. POTTAW..A.TOl\ITES OF 1\IICHIGAN AND INDIANA. Mr. DOLPH. The Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company has llfr. DANIEL. I beg le:::tve to ask the Senate to take up Senate bill constructed a road from Pendleton to Centreville across the Umatilla 2176, for the aseertainment of the amount due the Pottawatomie In Indian reservation. The town of Adams is located near the reserva dians of Michigan and Indiana. tion and on the line of the road between two tracts of land which were By unanimous consent, th'eSenate, ns in Committee of the Whole, secured to the company by agreement with the Indians for depot pur resumed the consideration of the bill. poses. The PRESIDENT p1'o tempore. This bill having been read at length It is found necessary for the convenience of the public that there in Committee of the Whole upon a previous occasion, it :is now before should be an additional station on the reservation near the town of the Senate as in Committee of the Whole and open to amendment.. Adams. The Secretary ofthe Interior is of the opinion that when the One amendment has been agreed to. right of way was acquired of the Indians by agreement, as was provided Ur. COCKRELL. Let the bill be.read as amended. for in the treaty with the Indians, the right of the company to acquire The PRESIDENT p1'o tempore. The bill will be read as amended. lands was exhausted, and it now requires legislation to authorize the T'ne Secretary read the bill. company to secure the additional lands needed. The object of this The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment amendment is simply to authorize the company to purchase lands to was concurred in. the extent of 12 acres for st;jltion purposes. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the Mr. DAWEB. Is there anything contained in the amendment ex third time, and passed. · cept what was in the bill reported by the Indian Committee on that subject? INDIAN RESERVATIONS. Mr. DOLPH. No; His the bill reported by the Indian Committee, llfr. SABIN. I ask that the bill (H. R.10112) ·granting to the Du except that the last section of the bill reported by the committee, which luth and Winnipeg Railway Company the right of way through the provided that Congress might alter and amend the act at any time, is Fond du Lac Indian reservation, iu the State of Minnesota, be now not in the amendment, because it is in the original bill to which this considered. amendment is offered, and will come in at the close of the entire en By unanimous consent, the Senate, 'a.s in Committee of the Whole, actment. proceeded to consider the bill. Ur. DAWES. That is the way I understood it, but I proposed to The· bill was reported from the (;ommittee on Indian Affairs with have it so stated upon the record. amendments. Mr. DOLPH. The amendment ha.s been favombly reported by the The first amendment was, in section 1, line 4, after the word "Com Committee on Indian Affairs as a separate bill. pany," to rnsert: The PRESIDENT p1'o tempore. The question is on agreeing to the Commencing at Duluth and running by the most practicable route to a point amendment of the Senator from Oregon [Mr. DoLPH]. at or near Grand Rapids, on l\1ississippi River. · The amendment was agreed to. So as to read: Mr. MITCHELL. I move to amend the bill by adding a new sec That there is hereby granted to the Duluth and Winnipeg Railway Company tion, to read as follows: commencing at Duluth and running by the most practicable route to a point at or near Grand Rapids, on Mississippi River, a. corporation organized and exist S.Ec. -. That the act entitled "An act providing for allotment of lands in sev eralty to the Indians residing upon the Umatilla reservation, in the State of ing under the laws of the State of 1\iinnesota, and its assigns. Oregon, and granting patents therefor, and for other purposes," approved The amendme~t was agreed to. March 3, 1885, be,_and the same is P.ereby, amended by repealing so much 8744 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEMBER 19, thereof as limits the total quantity of the diminished reservation proposed to imous consent that the unfinished business be informally laid aside, 120 000 acres, and the Secretary ofthe Interior shall set apart such further quan tity of land of the existin~ Umatilla. reservation. in addition to the 120,000 and that the Senate proceed to the consideration of the bill named by acres thereof required by sa1d act to be selected, designated, and reserved for him. the uses and purposes of said Indians, as therein provided, as shall enable him Mr. BLA.IR. I ask the Senator from Kansas to allow me the courli to fix define and establish the metes and bounds of said reserved tract in a. sat isfac~ry ma'nner, an';~ to include therein such portions~ he mar .deem a.d~isa esy of making an inquiry of the Senator from Missouri, and that is if ble of certain lands m the eastern part of the reservat1on, wh1ch the Ind1a.ns it is convenient to him to proceed this evening to the consideration of desire shall be reserved for them ; and tbe said Secretary is authorized by or the Army nurses bill? der to establish such diminished reservation accordingly; and in all other re spects said act shall continue and remain in force. .Mr. COCKRELL. I prefer not. I have not got the report that I Mr. DAWES. I desire that the Senate shall put on record a state- expected, and I am expecting it every day. I will write again for it. ment of the character of this proposition. · By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee.of the Whole, Mr. MITCHELL. This amendment is taken from a bill introduced proceeded to consider the bill (S. 858) to forfeit lands granted to the by myself some weeks ago and referred to the Committee on Indian State of Michigan to aid in the construction of a railroad from Mar Affairs and reported .favorably by the Senator from Massachusetw, who quette to Ontonagon, in said State. is chairman of that committee. It is recommended by the Secretary· The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Lands with of the Interior in ·a letter which I hold in my hand, but I will not have amendments. it read unless some Senator desires to hear it. The first amendm~nt was, after "subject-matter," in line 9, to strike Mr. DAWES. Some five or six years ago, by a special act, there was out "which are uncertified lands within the limit.<; of the grant, to an undertaking to set out in severalty a portion of the Umatilla reserva gether with all the lands, certified or uncertified;" after the word "On tion and offer for sale the rest of it. A commission was appointed for tona~on," in line 13, to insert "including lands within indemnity that purpose which was ineft'ectual. They were unable to make an limits;" in line 17, after the words "subject to," to strike out " sale agreement with the Indians. At the head of that commission was the and;" and in the same line, after the word "settlement," to insert late Senator from Oregon, Mr. Grover. Another commission was ap "only;" so as to make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc., That all the lands grllnted to the State of Michigan for the use pointed with a like result. The Secretary of the Interior bas recom and benefit of any railroad company or companies, whatever their corporate mended a new survey of the land so as to make the measure more ac name, to aid in building and completing a. railroad from Marquette to Ontona centable to the Indians. That is the scope of this proposition which gon, in said State, by an act of Congress approved June 3, 1856, and by any and all acts of Congress amendatory or supplementary thereto that relate to the was reported by the committee as a bill and is now offered·as an amend- same subject-matter, which lie opposite the uncompleted portion of said road, ment to the pending bill. · extending from L'Anse to Ontonagon, including lands within indemnity limits, Mr. DOLPH. If the Senator from Massachusetts will permit me a are hereby declared, by reason of the breach of the conditions upon which the grant was made, forfeited; and that all of said lands be restored to the public moment, I think the provision of the law was that after allotting lands domain and made subject to settlement only under existing laws of the United in severalty to the Indians there should be reserved a tmct of land for States. pasturage purposes. An amount was named, 120,000 acres. The Sec Ur. PLUMB. I move to amend by inserting, after the word "set retary of the Interior is of opinion that there should be a larger tract tlem~nt," in line 17, the words "and entry;" so as to read: reserved for the use of the Indians in common and that there should And that all of said lands be restored to the public domain and made subject not be as much sold as was provided for in the original act. to settlement and entry only under existing laws of the United States. Mr. DAWES. The dissatisfaction of the Indians grew out of the The amendment was agreed to. charact-er and perhaps the quality of the land that was reserved under The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend the old survey. ments were concurred in. · Mr. DOLPH. This authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to re The bill was ordered to be engror>sed for a third reading, read the serve a greater quantity. third time, and passed. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the amendment be read again. Mr. DAWES. I think it is in the interest of the Indians. PUBLIC BUILDING AT KALili.A.ZOO, 1\IICH. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be again read. 11-Ir. STOCKBRIDGE. I ask the Senate to proceed to the consid The Secretary read the amendment. eration of Order of Business ~157, being Senate bill 3431. Mr. COCKRELL. I should like to know why it is that this amend By unanimous consent, the.bill (S. 3431) for the erection of a public ment is to go on a bill which is simply for the purpose of granting the building at the city of Kalamazoo, Mich., was considered as in Com right of way through an Indian reservation? mittee of the Whole. :Mr. IDTCHELL. I will state to the Senn.tor from Missouri- The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to Mr. COCKRELL. I have got two or three bills that I want to put be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. on if this is an orunibus bill. . CITADEL ACADEMY AT CHARLESTON. Mr. MITCHELL. There has been great delay in executing the law Mr. HAMPTON. I ask unanimous consent to call up Senate bill -providing for the allotment of the land of the Umatilla Indian resei' 3486, Order of Business 2165. vation to the Indians in severalty. By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, Mr. COCKRELL. So there has been in passing the bills that I want proceeded to consider the bill (S. 3486) for the relief of the State of to put on. South Carolina. Mr. MITCHELL. The Secretary of the Interior has written a leli Mr. FRYE. I desire to inquire of the Senator from South Carolina ter stating the importance of early legislation so as to enanle him to go if this is a unanimous report of the Committee on Military Affairs. on and finish what he is engaged in doing, and unless we get it in one Mr. HAMPTON. I think it is a unanimous report. I will explain of the House bills, as the Sena.tor from Missouri will readily see, we 'to the Senator that a joint resolution was reported by the Military are not likely to get the legislation during this session. Committee, referring to the Secretary of War the question as to the Mr. COCKRELL. Is this specific amendment, now offered by the proper amount of rent to be paid. He referred it to the Quartermas Senator from Oregon, recommended by .the Secretary of the Interior? ter-Genera], who fixed this rent at only one-half the amount that the -Mr. MITCHELL. It was prepared m the office of the Secretary of State had asked. The Secretary of War has sent in his report, saying the Interior and sent to me with an accompanying letter, which is now that the Quartermaster-General has fixed the amount and that he ap on my desk. proved it. The amendment was agreed to. • Mr. PLUMB. What is the purpose of this bill? The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment.<; Mr.· HA.:MPTON. To pay the rent of the Citadel Academy. were concurred in. Mr. PLUMB. That item has been put on the deficiency bill by the The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and t.he bill to be Committee on Appropriations, if the Senator will observe that bill, and read a third time. that therefore obviates the necessity o.f passing this bill. The bill was read the third time, and passed. Mr. HAMPTON. I do not care to press it, then. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the title be amended. Mr. PLUMB. The Senator from Illinois [Mr. FARWELL], who is a The title was amended so as to read: ''A bill (H. R. 10112) granting member of the committee, will recollect the cuse, and so will the Sena totheDuluthandWinnipegRailwayCompanytherightofwaythrough tor from Missouri [M:r. CocKRELL]. the Fond du Lac Indian reservation, in the State of Minnesota, and Mr. HAMPTON. Very well. for other purposes.'' The PRESIDENT pro tempore. What disposition shall be made of Mr. DAWES. I move that a committee of conference be asked for the bill? on the bill and amendments. Mr. HAMPTON. I propose that it lie on the table. The motion was agreed to. . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Shall it be returned to the Calen By unanimous r.onsent, the President pro tempote was authorized to dar? appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate, and Mr. SABIN, Mr. Mr. HAMPTON. Yes, let it retain its place on the Calendar. DANIEL, and Mr. DOLPH were appointed. The PRESIDENT pro ternpore. The bill will resume its place on FORFEITURE OF MICHIGAN RAILROAD GRANT. the Calendar. Mr. PLUMB. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration AGR.EEMENT WITH FORT HALL AND LEMHI INDIANS. of Senate bill858, Order of Business 2172, the regular order of busi- Mr. DA. WES. I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to ness being laid aside temporarily for that purpose. · the consideration of Calendar No. 1465, Senate bill 2992. The PRESIDEN'T' pro tempore. The Senator from Kansas asks unan- There l)~ing no objection, the Senate. as in Comni.ittee of the Whole. 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. 8745 resumed the consideration of the bill (S. 2992) to accept and ratify the Sbeepeater tribes occupying the Lemhi reservation, and shall have signified agreement submitted by the Shoshones, Bannacks, and Sheepeaters of his approval thereof. the Fort Hall and Lemhi reservations in Idaho, 1\lay 14, 1880, and for The amendment was agreed to. other purposes. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· Mr. DAWES. The Senator from Alabama [1\Ir. MoRGAN] submitted ment was concurred in. an amendment as a substitute for this bill which meets the approval The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the of the committee, and I ask that that may be read instead of the orig third time, and passed. inal bill. I believe the original bill has been read heretofore. The preamble was agreed to. The PRESIDENT pro temzXlrc. The amendment will be stated. WILLI.AM BROWN. The amendment was to stri ~>.e out the preamble and the bill, and ln. lieu thereof to insert: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Senate a. message from the Honse of Representatives, which will be read. Whereas certain chiefs of Shoshone, Bannack, andSheepeater tribes of Indians The Chief·Clerk read as follows: have agreed and submitted to the Secretary of the Interior an agreement for the sale <1f a portion of their lands in the Territory of Idaho, t.heir settlement upon IN THE HousE OF REPRESENTATIVES, September 18, 1888. lands in severalty, and for other purposes: Theref9re, 01·dered, That the Clerk be directed to return to the Senate, in compliance with Be it enacted, etc., That said agreement be, and the same is hereby, accepted, its request, the bill (S. 3193) directing the commissioners of the District of Col um :ratified, and confirmed. Said agreement is assented to by a duly-certified ma bia to convey to William Brown a part of an alley in square 120, in the city of jority of the adult male Indians of the Shoshone and Bannack tribes occupying Washington, on certain conditions. or interested in t.he lands of the Fort Hall reservation, in conformity with the eleventh article of the treaty with the Shoshones and Bannacks of July 3, 1E68, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill being returned pursuant to (fifteenth Statutes at Large, page 670), and in words and figures as follows, the request of the Senate upon the motion of the Senator from West namely: · First. The chiefs and bead men of the Shoshones, Bannacks, and Sheepeaters Virginia [Mr. FAULKNER], the votes by which the bill waspassedand of the Lemhi agency hereby agree to surrender their reservation at Lemhi, and by which it was ordered to a third reading will be reconsidered and to remove and settle upon the Fort Hall reservation in Idaho, and to take up the bill raferred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. lands in severalty of that reservation as hereinafter provided. Second. The chiefs and head men of the Shoshones and Bannacks of Fort Mr. COCKRELL. I move that the Senate do now adjourn. Hall hereby agree to the sett·lement of the Lemhi Indians upon the Fort Hall The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock aud.5minutes p.m.) reservation in Idaho, and they agree to cede to the United States the following the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday, September 20, 1888t territory, namely: Beginning where the north line of township 9 south inter sects with the eastern line of their reservation; thence west with the extension at 12 o'clock m. of said line to the Port Neuf River; thence down and with the Port Neuf River to where said township line crosses the same; thence west with said line to Marsh Creek; thence up Marsh Creek to where the north line of township No. 10 south intersects with the same; thence west with said line to the western boundary of said reservation; thence. south and with the boundaries of said HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. reservation to the beginning, including also such quantity of the north side of Port Nenf River as H. 0. Harktless may be ent.itled to under existing law, the WEDNESDAY, Septmnber 19, 1888. same to be conformed to the public surveys, so as to include the improvements of said Harkness. The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by Rev. J. H. CUTHBERT, Third. In view of the cessions contained in the above articles the United States D. D. agrees to pay to the Lemhi Indians the sum of S4,000 per annum for twenty The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. years and to the Fort Hall Indians the sum of S6,000per annum for twenty years, the same to be in a