Congressional Reoord-Senate. 2017
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Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training
US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………. 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 2 Lesson 1: The Romanian Alphabet………………………………………………… 3 Lesson 2: Greetings…………………………………………………………………… 4 Lesson 3: Introducing self…………………………………………………………… 5 Lesson 4: Days of the Week…………………………………………………………. 6 Lesson 5: Small numbers……………………………………………………………. 7 Lesson 6: Big numbers………………………………………………………………. 8 Lesson 7: Shopping………………………………………………………………….. 9 Lesson 8: At the restaurant………………………………………………………..... 10 Lesson 9: Orientation………………………………………………………………… 11 Lesson 10: Useful phrases ……………………………………………………. 12 1 Survival Romanian, Peace Corps/Romania – December 2006 US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Introduction Romanian (limba română 'limba ro'mɨnə/) is one of the Romance languages that belong to the Indo-European family of languages that descend from Latin along with French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. It is the fifth of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers. It is spoken as a first language by somewhere around 24 to 26 million people, and enjoys official status in Romania, Moldova and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia). The official form of the Moldovan language in the Republic of Moldova is identical to the official form of Romanian save for a minor rule in spelling. Romanian is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the Latin Union and the European Union – the latter as of 2007). It is a melodious language that has basically the same sounds as English with a few exceptions. These entered the language because of the slavic influence and of many borrowing made from the neighboring languages. It uses the Latin alphabet which makes it easy to spell and read. -
LINCOLN's OFFICIAL FAMILY-Bffiuography
LINCOLN LORE Bulletin of the Lincoln National Life Foundation -- --- Dr. Louis A. WarreniEditor Published each week by The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, ndlana Number 753 FORT WAYNE, INDIANA September 13, 1943 LINCOLN'S OFFICIAL FAMILY-BffiUOGRAPHY Sometimes the appearance of a new Salmon P. Chase, 1861-1864 Seward, F. W., Stward at Wa8hington book will call to the attention of the 1.18 Senat<w and Secretary of State, public a considerable number of titles Schuckers, J. W., Life and Public Serv· ices of Salm<m Portland Clwse, 1846·1881, 650pp., 1891. with which it may be classified. Gideon Seward, F. W., Seward at Washington \Velles, Lincoln's Navy Department, 669pp., 1874. is such a book. Chase, S. P., AgaimJt tl~ Re,Jealof the as Sent~.t<w and Secretary of State, Missottri Prohibition of Suwery, 1861-187!, 561pp., 1891. Just outside the pale which separates 16pJ>., 1854. Bancroft, F., Life of William H. Sew· Lincolniana from a general library is ard, 2 vols., 1900. an indefinite number of books called Luthin, R. H., Salmon P. Chase'tt P(}o collateral items. A bibliography of this litical Career Bef&re the Civil ll'ar. Seward, 0. R., William H. Seward's (23) pp., 1943. Travel• Arormd the World, 730pp., large number of Lincoln J'cference 1873. items has never been attempted, except Chase, S. P., Diary and Cor-rcttpon· in Civil War compilations, where many tlence of S. P. Cl1.0.11c, 2 vols., 1903. Seward, W. H., Recent SpeecJwg and of them properly belong, yet, most of Writing• of William H. -
Why Is the Dollar Shrinking?
WHY THE DOLLAR IS SHRINKINO IRVING FISHER Econ5135 . 5 Harvard College Library WWECCLESIONES AE HARD DIANA ACAD TRISTO NOV AC SIX UM IN CHRTTIIS FROM THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS WHY - - WHY IS THE DOLLAR SHRINKING ? THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO ., LIMITED LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO . OF CANADA , LTD . TORONTO WHY IS THE DOLLAR SHRINKING ? A STUDY IN THE HIGH COST OF LIVING BY IRVING FISHER PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN YALE UNIVERSITY AUTHOR OF " THE PURCHASING POWER OF , MONEY " " THE NATURE OF CAPITAĚ AND INCOME , " ETC , དར་ * New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1914 All rights reserved Econ 5136 . 5 . : From the Quarterly Journal of Economics . COPYRIGHT , 1914 , BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY . Set up , and elegrotyped . Published September , 1914 . O " Norwood Press J . 8 . Cushing Co . - Berwick & Smith Co . Norwood , Mass . , U . 8 . A . To SIR DAVID BARBOUR VETERAN ADVOCATE OF THE PRINCIPLES FOR WHICH THIS BOOK STANDS PREFACE PRESENT - DAY discussion on the high cost of living shows some bewilderment in the mind of the general public as to the mechanism by which the scale of money prices is determined . Few people realize that the principles determining the general scale of prices are quite distinct from the principles determining the individual prices themselves . Few realize , for instance , that the money price of any commodity has to do not only with that commod ity but also with money , and that , therefore , a monetary element enters into every price . The object of this book is to state , as simply as possible , the general principles which fix the scale of prices , and to show the manner in which these principles apply to the present “ high cost of living . -
IGO Codebook V3 Short Copy.Pdf
Codebook for Correlates of War 3 International Governmental Organizations Data Set Version 3.0 Jon Pevehouse Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin – Madison Roseanne McManus Department of Political Science Penn State University Timothy Nordstrom Department of Political Science University of Mississippi July 2019 1 I. Overview of the data sets The data in the Correlates of War IGO data sets capture state memberships in the network of international governmental organizations (IGOs). The expanded version 3.0 updates the original Wallace and Singer (1970) data set and version 2.1 to provide membership information from 1816- 2014. Similar to version 2.1, version 3.0 comprises three different data sets, each with a different unit of analysis. First, version 3.0a contains membership data based on the IGO-year unit of analysis. Thus, each line of data in 3.0a represents a specific IGO’s membership in a given year (e.g. the U.N. in 1970). Second, version 3.0b presents membership data based on the country-year. This data will allow the research to see which IGOs an individual country belonged to in any annual period (e.g. Canada in 1992). Finally, version 3.0c aggregates the individual country memberships into joint dyadic memberships. This version of the data set presents shared memberships for each dyad and which individual IGOs are included in a dyad’s membership profile (e.g., Thailand-India in 2000). II. Defining a Population of IGOs IGOs have become a ubiquitous part of international life. IGOs are created to deal with political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental problems. -
The Latin Union Experience and the Lolr: the French Position
Annual ESHET Conference Nicolas Barbaroux Antwerp - 2017- May 18-20 (First Draft- Do not quote) The Latin Union experience and the LoLR: the French position "These movements in the market for precious metals became the immediate cause, in 1865, of the so-called Latin Currency Union between France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy (...) Other European countries had at that time, either a silver currency, as in Germany and Scandinavia or a depreciated paper currency, as in Austria and Russia. If those countries had gradually attached themselves to the Latin Union, with its free minting of silver and gold at a legally established ratio then the traditional ratio between gold and silver might possibly have been preserved. Adhesion to the Latin Union was, in fact, contemplated by Germany shortly before the outbreak of the war in 1870, but owing to the war the plan never came to fruition." (Wicksell, 1935 (1906): 38) 1. Introduction In the aftermath of the E.U sovereign debt crisis, a central bank's duties debate emerged among bankers and policymakers mostly in E.U. This fundamental debate started in 2013 when the Bundesbank appealed the European Central bank (ECB) to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) owing to the adoption of the 2012 Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) program. Despite the 2015 June (16th) decision from ECJ, the German central bank saw this freedom of central bank's action as incompatible with the Maastricht Treaty, namely the no bailout rule (art.12). Beyond the ECJ's decision, the Germans (re)opened a structural controversy on the central bank's duty, among them the one of Lender of Last Resort (hereafter LoLR) when a monetary union is concerned. -
READYFORMONEYMEN Sswsur«=?£
3 any. The book la on* of the cleverest *oi- umN ever printed mvJ will probably serve as ft text book on national ftnanoe. It In divided Into three sections. The first auc¬ oyr suits tion la entitled "National Finances" and Why ® contalna crtiolos on national money mat- - »( tera by the heada of the bureaus of tho IhoSd their ® 0 ^ Treasury Department, the leading article being on "The Public Credit," by Secretary m Shaw. The second section of th« volume shape. Reliable fa devoted to Washington, city and capital, 3 and contalna a doaen carefully preform! They are btiHt on a sub¬ artlolea on Washington life. The third stantial framework. This section deala wtth Washington financial in¬ stitutions and was very carefully prepare.! framework is made of fine Shoe Hotmses by men who are authorities on the sub¬ hair¬ jects with which they deal. By far the French canvas and stiff best feature of the book, however, is to-bo cloth. It can't wrinkle, Will Be found In Its Illustrations. The bank-note- green cloth cover contains a* embossed neither can it shrink. We picture of the south front of the treasury tailor the shape, your shape, building and the title page Is rrtade ffom CLOSED masoerated money. The city and country into this stiff interlining', and were ransacked for pictures to go Into "the it's there to stay. And not work, and from the collections of half a Tomorrow, dosen bibliophiles photographs were Ob¬ until we get this foundation tained that are of a moat unusual charac¬ do we cover it with ter. -
Congressional Record-Sen Ate
8718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEJ\IBER 19, from the files of the House1 without leaving copies, papers in the case We, therefore, think there is no merit in the proposition, and that of J. W. Chickering. it ought to be inde1initely postponed. LEA-VE OF ABSENCE. The renort was agreed to, and the joint resolution indefinitely post poned. 1\Ir. Fmm,. by unanimous consent, obtained indefinite leave of ab Mr. P ALUER, from the Committee on Commerce, reported an sence, on account of important business. amendment intended to be proposed to the ~eneral deficiency appro 'Ihe hour of 5 o'clock having arrived, the House, in accordance with priation bill; whi<'h was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. its standing order, adjourned. Mr. WILSON, of Maryland, from the Committee on Claims,. to whom were referred the following bills, reported them severally without PRIVATE BILLS INTRODUCED AND REFERRED. amendment, and submitted renorts thereon: · UndEJr the rnle private bills of the following titles were introduced A bill (H. R. 341) for the relief of John Farley; and and referred· as indicated below: A bill (S. 729) for the relief of J. A. Henry and others. By Mr. BLAND (by request): A bill (H. R. 11456) to pay Philip Mr. CHANDLER, fn>m the Select Committee on fud~an Traders, to Henke.Lfor property unlawfully confucateci and destroyed-to the Com whom was referred the bill (S. 3522) regulating th~ purchase of timber mittee on War Claims. from. Indians, reported it with an amendment.. l:y Air. BUTLEH.: A bill (H. R. -
Repudiation! the Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva Pierre du Bois Foundation GOVERNMENT DEBT CRISES: POLITICS, ECONOMICS, AND HISTORY December 14-15, 2012 Repudiation! The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870 Dr. Franklin Noll President Noll Historical Consulting, LLC Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2196409 Repudiation! The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870 Dr. Franklin Noll President Noll Historical Consulting, LLC 220 Lastner Lane Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA Email: [email protected] Website: www.franklinnoll.com The author would like to thank Bruce Baker, Jane Flaherty, and Julia Ott for their comments. Abstract: From 1865 to 1870, a crisis atmosphere hovered around the issue of the massive public debt created during the recently concluded Civil War, leading, in part, to the passage of a Constitutional Amendment ensuring the “validity of the public debt.” However, the Civil War debt crisis was not a financial one, but a political one. The Republican and Democratic Parties took concerns over the public debt and magnified them into panics so that they could serve political ends—there was never any real danger that the United States would default on its debt for financial reasons. There were, in fact, three interrelated crises generated during the period: a repudiation crisis (grounded upon fears of the cancellation of the war debt), a repayment crisis (arising from calls to repay the debt in depreciated currency), and a refunding crisis (stemming from a concern of a run on the Treasury). The end of the Civil War debt crisis came only when there was no more political advantage to be gained from exploiting the issue of the public debt. -
The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Repudiation: The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870 Noll, Franklin December 2012 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43540/ MPRA Paper No. 43540, posted 03 Jan 2013 04:20 UTC Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva Pierre du Bois Foundation GOVERNMENT DEBT CRISES: POLITICS, ECONOMICS, AND HISTORY December 14-15, 2012 Repudiation! The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870 Dr. Franklin Noll President Noll Historical Consulting, LLC Repudiation! The Crisis of United States Civil War Debt, 1865-1870 Dr. Franklin Noll President Noll Historical Consulting, LLC 220 Lastner Lane Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA Email: [email protected] Website: www.franklinnoll.com The author would like to thank Bruce Baker, Jane Flaherty, and Julia Ott for their comments. Abstract: From 1865 to 1870, a crisis atmosphere hovered around the issue of the massive public debt created during the recently concluded Civil War, leading, in part, to the passage of a Constitutional Amendment ensuring the “validity of the public debt.” However, the Civil War debt crisis was not a financial one, but a political one. The Republican and Democratic Parties took concerns over the public debt and magnified them into panics so that they could serve political ends—there was never any real danger that the United States would default on its debt for financial reasons. There were, in fact, three interrelated crises generated during the period: a repudiation crisis (grounded upon fears of the cancellation of the war debt), a repayment crisis (arising from calls to repay the debt in depreciated currency), and a refunding crisis (stemming from a concern of a run on the Treasury). -
Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet
World Summit on the Information Society UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Summit on the Information Society Full texts of the studies at: http://www.unesco.org/wsis Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet UNESCO Publications for the World Summit on the Information Society United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2005 Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet A collection of papers by: John Paolillo, Daniel Pimienta, Daniel Prado, et al., Edited with an introduction by UNESCO Institute for Statistics Montreal, Canada Published in 2005 by the United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organisation 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 PARIS 07 SP Composed and printed in the workshops of UNESCO © UNESCO 2005 Printed in France (CI-2005/WS/06 CLD 24821) Contents 1. Introduction – UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2. Models and Approaches a. Linguistic Diversity in Cyberspace; models for development and measurement – Daniel Pimienta b. The Political and Legal Context – Daniel Prado 3. Language Diversity on the Internet: Examining Linguistic Bias, John Paolillo 4. Alternative Perspectives a. Language Diversity on the Internet: an Asian view – Yoshiki Mikami, et al. b. A note on African languages on the Internet – Xavier Fantognan 3 1. Introduction UNESCO has been emphasizing the concept of “knowledge societies”, which stresses plurality and diversity instead of a global uniformity in order to bridge the digital divide and to form an inclusive information society. An important theme of this concept is that of multilingualism for cultural diversity and participation for all the languages in cyberspace. -
TREASURY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION April 2017 Inside
Inside this Newsletter . • THA Lecture Series • The Mills Wing • The Treasury Library at 200 THA Lecture Series Update The New Treasury Building, 1842 ______________________________________________________________________ The next speaker for the THA Noontime TREASURY HISTORICAL Lecture series will be Treasury Assistant The “New Treasury Building” abutted the original State Department building which ASSOCIATION Curator Guy Munsch on Wednesday, June 21. He will speak on the five different was very similar to the second Treasury April 2017 locations of the Secretary’s Office in Main Office building destroyed by arsonists. Treasury. The talk is in connection with Two virtually identical buildings were also current exhibits in Main Treasury on "The on the other side of the President’s house, for the Navy and War departments. “Old Offices of the Secretary". State” was demolished 25 years later, Former Treasury employees and others replaced by Treasury’s North wing. interested are welcome to attend these lectures. However, if they do not possess Treasury Library a Treasury Building pass, they need to Celebrates 200 Years arrange clearance into Main Treasury about one week in advance. Notices are sent The Treasury Library celebrated its bicentennial this year with events during several weeks in advance to THA members. April’s National Library Week. Treasury Building’s The establishment of the Treasury Library Mills Wing 175 Years Old did not occur in a specific moment. It is likely that components of what would The Treasury Building’s Mills Wing, com- become the library existed in some form prising the East and Center wings and prior to 1817, the first year of a verifiable originally known as the “New Treasury Building,” is 175 years old this year. -
IGO Codebook)
DIPLOMETRICS: Intergovernmental Organization Data Codebook (IGO Codebook) Version number: 3.16.16 Authors: Jonathan D. Moyer, PhD David K. Bohl Hanna Camp Sara Turner Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures | Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver | 2201 South Gaylord Street | Denver, Colorado | 80201 Contact: [email protected] 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the people who assisted in coding Intergovernmental Organizations data. This project would not have been possible without their perseverance and hard work. We would also like to thank Professor Barry Hughes for his invaluable insight and support from conceptualization of this subject to data collection and analysis. Lastly, we extend our gratitude to the U.S. government for providing support for this project. 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 2 Data Collection Process ........................................................................................................................ 4 The Goals of the Project ................................................................................................................... 4 Spatial-Temporal Domain ................................................................................................................. 4 Identifying Cases ..............................................................................................................................