PBnni irTIOKI DAD^TFR aVn-S’ variable speed A. C. motor, 1450/480 rl\U U U U I IW IN D U U JI Cl\ POUTECHi 'R'P-M- driyinZ Shards Horizontal Borer. It is a fact that in numerous instances the application of an ‘ N.S. ’ variable speed A.C. motor, by enabling the speed to be adjusted instantly and exactly to the best value, has greatly improved the performance of machines of many kinds, as discerning designers and users are quick to appreciate. LAURENCE, SCOTT & ELECTROMOTORS LTD. Electrical Engineers since 1883 NORWICH & MANCHESTER E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

The reliability of the generating plant is the same as that of its dis­ tributive cable. And the reliability of the cable is that of its insulation! That is why leading cable manufacturers use Tullis R u s s e ll Rothmill Cable Insulating Papers. Rothmill is renowned for its uniformly highquality.and isguaranteed free from metals and grit. R o t h iiiill A complete range is manu­ CABLE INSULATING PAPERfactured. W rite for details.

T u llii ‘i& vn ell rC o Jix d The Pioneers of Twin-wire Papers for Printers AUCHMUTY & ROTHES PAPER MILLS, MARKINCH, SCOTLAND LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM I Tudor Street, E.C.4 372 Corn Exchange Bldgs., 116 Colmore Row Corporation Street ______January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w I

T h is new “ Sieray ” fluorescent lamp is identical with the standard Siemens “ Sieray ”

D aylight fluorescent lamp, except that it gives a white, warmer, and more pleasing light» co mparable to Sunlight, and possesses the same qualities cf High Efficiency and Coolness in operation.

The two lamps are electrically interchangeable so that existing installations of Daylight Lamps can be changed over to Warm White without difficulty.

The importance of planned lighting in essential Industrial Plants cannot be over emphasized.

Siemens lighting engineers are at your service, without obligation:

You are invited to send for descriptive leaflet. SiÉM ÈR S

SIEMENS ELECTRIC LAMPS AND SUPPLIES LIMITED 38/9 U p p e r T h a m e s S t., L o n d o n , E .C .4 BRANCHES: BELFAST, BIRMINGHAM, BRISTOL, CARDIFF, DUBLIN, GLASGOW, LEEDS LIVERPOOL, MANCHESTER, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE, NOTTINGHAM, SHEFFIELD. 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

Woman's Work in W ar-Tim e TheB.K.CS-, It's a grand job of work

she’s doing—in unusual surroundings. If, and when, the time comes to set up home she’ll deserve everything that makes life easier— including a Burco, of course.

Boilers can be sup­ plied for domestic laundering purpo­ ses against Board of Trade Licences.

B U R C O L T D . ROSE GROVE, BURNLEY

ELECTRIC WASH BOILERS

MOTORS

BUXTON CERTIFIED

Illustration jhows a typical flameproof squirrel cage induction motor fitted with B E SA plug & socket & I P C. adaptor. IS B H P 3-phose SO cycle 600 volt 975 r.p m.

• • • • Unvarying reliability and efficient performance in con­ tinuous service are watchwords in the drive for increased production to meet the needs of war.

Peebles Flameproof Motors are playing an important part in the battle for fuel in a great number of mines, and are maintaining a high standard of reliability and efficiency under the most exacting conditions.

BUILT FOR RELIABILITY DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY BRUCE PEEBLES &. CO. LTD., ENGINEERS. EDINBURGH.

3628 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R eview 3 MAIN CONTROL SWITCHES for all factories / - & k l l "English Electric" /Oil \ /m % 0k J1 H.R.C Cartridges.

Made For 30,60,100.160,200,300 & 500 Amps., 600 Vo I Is; Double, Triple and Four pole and culTh neufral links. Firred for Conduir. busbar chamber

& c i ¿ y W iring , m inim um m m ntm anfs LONDON: A W ZELLEY MANCHESTER 6L ASGOIV- 7 3 , GREAT P E TER ST., BEL FAST■ BURTON-ON-TRENT WESTMINSTER'S.W.I BILL SWITCHGEAR LTD EXETER-SOUTHAMPTON BIRMINGHAM-20 BIRCH FIELDS • SOU ( 4 LINES) 'a 1C Ho" B / R M / N G H A M

The letters D.P. originally stood for " Dujardin- Plante’’-- the name by which the battery was known when it was first produced in this country Nowadays, in the minds of battery users everywhere, D.P. KATHANODE stands for all that is best in battery Design and Performance. FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION

D R BATTERY C° I™ STORAGE BATTERY BAKEWELL, DERBYSHIRE .... Phone : &AKEWELL 81-82 FOR ALL OTHER London Office : 50 G R O S V E N O R G A R D E N S , S .W . I Phone : S L O A N E 6255-6 PURPOSES

J 149 Electrical Review J a n u a ry 26, 1945 Januar y 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R ev iew 5 FLAMEPROOF CONTACTOR STARTERS DIRECT-ON-LINE for motors up to lO Horsepower at 400/550 volts.

STARTER, with mechanically and electrically interlocked isolator, for motors up to 10 Horsepower.

Cover cannot be removed STARTER (without Isolator) unless isolator is open. for motors up to 7; Horsepower.

I s o l a t o r :— In separate flameproof chamber. Flameproof Reoersing Starters up to Starter can be examined with 6 Horsepower at 400/550 volts. isolator open in perfect safety, and complies with Coal Mines Flameproof Star-delta Starters up to Draft Regulation I4(iii). 15 Horsepower at 400/550 volts. Conform to BSS.229/1940

BTH RUGBY T H E BRITISH T H O M S O N - H O U S T O N COMPANY LIMITED. RUGBY, ENGLAND 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 19^5 RAWLPLUG FIXING DEVICES Solve all your Fixing Problems

------RAWLPLUGS RAWLBOLTS There is a R A W L P L U G The use of R A W L­ for every size of screw BO LT S requires the and coach screw, from minimum of time, the tiny No. 3 for light labour and tools. No wiring to the large grouting is needed. No No. 28 which will with­ time-lag waiting for stand a direct pull of cement to dry. Made over 4 tons. Rawlplug fixing is safer, quicker in tw o types— bolt and neater than any other method. projecting and loose bolt ty p e —they solve every bolt-fixing problem. Available with pipe clips, round and square RAWLPLUG hooks and eye bolts. Size £ in. to fin . diameter. METALPLUGS Standard Whitworth thread. (Screw Anchors) BOLT ANCHORS Specially suited for use w here the plug The RAWLPLUG BOLT is likely to be sub­ A N C H O R is especially jected to extreme designed for fixings of a climatic conditions. specialised nature. Un­ Made in sizes to take affected by atmospheric screws from No. 8 conditions it can be to No. 14 and lengths from I in. to 2 in. fixed below water if Designed with flange for hollow brick work necessary. Full range of and to stop plug being inserted too far in hole. sizes available and the anchors will take bolts from f in. to If in. diameter.

WHITE TOGGLE BOLTS Toggle Bolts providean BRONZE PLUGS ideal means of making Specially designed for secure fixings to hollow outdoor jobs where a partition walls or ceil­ metal plug is specified ings, i.e. lath and or preferred. One plaster, asbestos board, end of the plug is etc., as they distribute “ coned ” to facilitate the strain over a wide the entrance of the screw when it is first inserted. B3II

WRITE FOR TECHNICAL LITERATURE TO: T H E RAWLPLUG CO., LTD., LONDON, S.W.7 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 7

t

l U G f f d

g 0 o d J k h U n ^

The clear and shadowless lighting of the machine shop illustrated is provided by COSM OS LAM PS— the height of perfection in industrial lighting. METROVICKS ‘LIGHT' PRODUCT COSMOS METROVICK LAMPS METROPOLITAN-VICKERS ELECTRICAL COMPANY LTD NUMBER ONE MNGSWAY. . • • ; . LONDON. W.C.2. ■ Electrical Review January 2 6, 1945

¿7 . U N 1924 Bullers made the first big bushing of 66 kV capacity. T o -d ay w e a re ab le to show th is m assiv e 242 kV OIL FILLED BUSHING. The porcelain parts were made in Bullers’ works for the British Thomson- Houston Co. Ltd. It measures 15 ft. 1 1 inches overall and is one of the largest bushings of this kind yet produced. Only the skill an'd knowledge acquired by long experience could produce insulators of such dimensions free from flaws. How much larger will be called for in years to come, only the future can say. But one thing is certain, whatever the size, Bullers will be ready with their unrivalled resources and experience to cope with the problem. Bullers INSULATORS

A N D IRONWORK

BULLERS, LTD. t h e h a l l , o a t l a n d s d r i v e WEYBRIDGE, SURREY Telephone : Walton-on-Thames 2451 Manchester Office : 196 Deanscat«, Manchester January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 9

Sri atih, «SU DKG. uitii »Ml. esijft :ol4i «1 ¡s i is iwae oi saj si Id: icaa mi/. mite aac:

KEEP OUTPUT UP - WITH c f t o m P T o n p X i p & * C R B L E S

V. CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED. ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone: TEMple Ear 5911 Telegrams : Crompark, Estrand. London January 2 6 , 1945

municipalities and industrial concerns have adopted Petter Engines for power and electricity ■ generation because of their proved reliability, the result of sound design and the high standard of materials and craftsfnanship used in their construction. Sizes up to 540 B .H .P .

P - E T T t H S US - LOUGWBOflOUG-H CRGLAM

7.31 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v iew

S..

Toil Voltage

KXX p f r c ^ e a - i S 4*“ “* >C ctabi\.sa«0°' .....riciurna» •VotoetofTe»P»“t'“teS^V‘S^’,VoUa8e S * mieta„ •.S S ^ ä ^ S j ÖSS: . ttatd«»»«J® d Con<»' «ResnlaW’^ in g T » « '0"*

9 % - ra V b q ‘ .

lt.PS no Per*' 11 A tten tio n ot odic a«*" and I tnainjen»«« d fot i can be *«el Mo,ot

^ ’iuIW ^ut°m Control-

F I! K R A M T I VOLTAGE REGULATORS FT57

FERRANTI LTD., Hollinwood, Lancs. iw„„ Office: K ern House, Kingsuiay, W .C.2. E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 194?

The Modern Process, using Stannate Tin Solution, produces strictly con­ trolled coatings, predetermined and uniform in thickness, even on articles of irregular shape. Deposits of reasonable thickness may be built up, which are not possible with a tin chloride bath. The solution also permits of a faster speed of deposition.

GREAT HAMPTON STREET BIRMINGHAM 18 January 26. 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 13

132 kv GAS CUSHION CABLES

(1) Applying lead wire to the paper stress cone. These term ¡nations (2) Lowering the internal are part of a pressure assembly into H EN LEY 132 kV. position. Gas Cushion Cable (3) A circuit termination contract recently prior to removal of the completed. The shelter scaffolding. contract included the manufacture and laying of 6,760 yards of 132 kV. single-core cable, also the construc­ tion and installa­ tion of all joints, terminations, etc. The complete transmission sys­ tem is now in

MEN LE Y SUPERTENSION mm. §

W.T.HENLEYS TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD.,MILT0N COURT,WESTCOTT,DORKING,SURREY F O R EVERY

I N D U 5 T R i A L

SITUATION ‘E n g l is h E l e c t r i c ' TYPES ‘ NS’ and ‘T ’ INDICATING CARTRIDGE-FUSE LINKS

possess a rupturing capacity of 25,000 kVA at 440 volts 3-phase, i.e.they comply with BSS88/I939 category of duty 440AC4 Illustration shows a 20-amp Type ' NS ’ (A.S.T.A. certified) Cartridge-fuse Link (actual size j " d/a.) Type ' T ’ range available up to 800 amps

To comply with category 440AC4 three single­ phase tests are required each with 440 volts R.M.S. across the fuse terminals and with a prospective current of 33,000 amps

It should be particularly noted that the 33,000 amps specified isthe R.M.S. sym- metrical prospective current (X) not the peak asymmetrical prospective current(Y) d cce/déd 4 4 Jfa Stcu and Pedo’unance the. difodd Ov&l

THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANY LTD. — STAFFORD — E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 26, 1945 TO U S E COPPER

1900 1914 1939 TODAY

Post-war development of electrical services of every description will

doubtless call for a greater use of copper than ever before. Although

it may take a little time after the war to re-stock the world with all the

many types of copper products required, the supply of copper will

certainly be adequate, and electrical engineers may safely plan to make

use o f it to the fullest extent.

If technical advice or assistance is required the services of the Copper

Development Association are available, free of charge.

COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION A nan-trading organization maintained by the British copper industry», to supply information and advice, free to all users o f copper Cic Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Sq., London, W .C.2 and 9 Bilton Rd., Rugby Telephone : Rugby 23W January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 17

3 PIN SURFACE SCREENED SOCKETS £ PLUGS

.v.v. m m

The ' BUITMAC ” range of 5 and 15 amp. 3-pin Surface "SC R EEN ED ” Sockets and Plugs are made to the only existing British Standard Specification, namely B.S.S. 546, There are literally millions of this pattern in use—not all made by LklTMAC ” but we have supplied a verv .. Che demand is increasing fo r these . B R 1TM AC Sockets and Plugs, which are also available in Flanged and Flush patterns. The Socket and Plug illustrated, last No. P 4312, is the s-amp. Surface pattern. M ay we send you full details of this range o f“ BRITM A C ” Electocai Accessories ?

C T R ICAt ACCESSORIES ALL WAR-TIME INSTALLATIONS

©IKIS-ILY® Telephone-. Britannia Works Telegrams. acocks green Wharfdale Rd. T y s e I e y h e c t o m a r

,e« 52 ,»« B IR M IN G H A M 1 1 BIRMINGHAM January 26, 1945 18 E l e c t r ic a l R ev ie w

THERMOPLASTIC CABLES FOR ALL ESSENTIAL PURPOSES COMMUNICATIONS—POWER—LIGHTING

W E are actively engaged in all the manufacture of V.I.R. and synthetic insulated cables to meet the urgent require­ ments of war. Our Research Laboratories have been associated with the development of synthetic materials as cable insulants for many years before the war, and the experience thus gained has been applied to the manufacture of our cable products.

V.I.R. and synthetic insulated cables produced by this Company are being used for all essential war purposes. Standard Telephones and Cables Limited (Cable Sales Department) WOOLWICH, LONDON, E.I6 Telephone : Albert Dock 140! Electrical Review, Jan. 26, 194.'

FAMIUts WAITtB O h H&A1 I.Y

iMÉMI* !» p u A sy PA?ai

NOW on war production. r~l I I IV I I* AFTER VICTORY— finishes to [ f t j * protect and beautify man's LACQUERS * PAINTS * VARNISHES * ENAMELS products and possessions. L ______| P S

TITANINE LIMITED COLINDALE LONDON N.W.9 TELEPHONE COLINDALE 8123 PLAIN OR 8 R

Various types of Plastic Cables and Tubing available for all purposes, for essential work only. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 21

IN SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF FOOD HERE IS ANOTHER RECIPE FOR YOUR DEMONSTRATIONS :

COOKING CABINET f ä l m o n c l

o J l i v e s

Ingredients. 4 ozs. Margarine. 3 ozs. Sugar. y lb. Rolled Oats. 3 Teaspoonsful Milk. £ Teaspoonful Almond Essence. Some short crust pastry. Jam. M ethod. Cream the margarine and \M alee War Savings j. SarUastaBOointh*£ sugar. Add the oats, milk and essence. Roll out the pastry in a long, narrow strip. Spread with jam and put the mixture on the top. Bake at 450° for about 20 minutes.

Cat. No. I92J. ELECTRIC STOVE Co. Ltd. STREET, LONDON, S.W. I January 26, 1945 2 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w

Here is another great TIMESAVER *» F R Y ’ S

Brush it on W rite for Apply heat details of FRY’S SOLDER Job’s done AND FLUXES for every kind of job

F R Y ’S M E T A L FOUNDRIES LTD. Tandem Works, Merton Abbey, London, S.W.I9 Telephone: Mitcham 4023

- — — -— January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l REvrew 23

0 0 0 0 © ■ ■ ■ life i Mm* «

The Metal - Clad Switchboard illustrated is a typical example of a large number supplied to Government Departments for service in Ordnance and kindred factories and for many industrial applications at home and abroad. Our Oil Circuit Breakers, which are manufactured in a range of sizes from 30 to 1600 amps, capacity, have earned a reputation for reliability and service.

Descriptive literature will be sent on request. M. & C. SWITGHGEAR LTD KELVINSIDE WORKS, KIRKINTILLOCH, GLASGOW

LONDON OFFICE : 36 VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.1 Phone : ABBey 6454 May we ask you to consult us on your Porcelain Design ? Even a small modification can mean easier manufacture and thus reduce cost. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 25

STARTERS jx > r SLIP RIN G INDUCTION MOTORS

The sound design, good J? workmanship and robust construction of Ellison 8 k Starters ensure trouble-free service; freedom from break- til P down and give protection to f plant and operators. Many Ellison Starters have been in constant use for over 20 years and are still giving reliable service. Learn more about these Starters ioi —W ritefor Descriptive ListNo. 81. me give long and trouble free

Made for motors of up to 1,000 H.P. and service 1945 2 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26,

SWITCH GEAR ^SPEC IA LISTS

3- PHASE 1,000 TO 3,000 AMPERES UP TO 660 VOLTS / 50 MVA AT 660 VOLTS

REYROLLE

FOR SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION January 2 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w . 2 7

Perkins Diesels demand little maintenance through­ out their long life of service. Nevertheless, clean and efficient design together with accessibility are characteristics of all Perkins Diesel Units, making maintenance a simple routine matter. Reliable, economical and instantly responsive, they are to-day serving the country in a hundred different ways.

k PERKINS DIESELS AND I ELECTRIC PLANT FOR r STATIONARY, PORTABLE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS -PROVED INVALUABLE IN MANY APPLICATIONS BY ALL THREE FIGHTING SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

T ele p h o n e■ PETERBOROUGH 3241 January 26, 1945 2 8 . E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

How many homes for how much ?

The post-war demand will be for good houses in large numbers at reasonably low prices. How is the building industry to meet it ? One thing is clear. As many components as possible will have to be factory-made on the most efficient and highly mechanised lines. One kind of equipment for every building—electrical switch and fuse gear—has been manufactured b y M.E.M. in this way for many years. They have shown how cost can be progressively reduced and quality improved by steadily perfecting large-scale production on the basis of experience. The war has added to this experience and the benefits will be at the service of Installation Engineers when peace comes.

SWITCHCEAR . MOTOR STARTERS FUSECEAR . ELECTRIC FIRES ‘ Meminx' Switch Splitter MIDLAND ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., TYSELEY, BIRMINGHAM, 1! London Showrooms and Stores : 21-22 Rathbone Place, London, W .l • Manchester Showrooms and Stores : 48-50 Chapel Street Salford 3 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 29

mmamm wjwnrm a&wwwywjw”'

Upon this formula has been built the science of Electrical Engineering. From the days of Ohm to the present time, electrical science and industry have a continuous record of unparalleled achieve - ment. But this progress can only be maintained by use of the most up-to-date methods and m aterials.

Distrene (Regd.) insulating material is the result of elaborate research, and the brief data set out below will give some idea of what has been ach iev ed .

Write to us for working samples and remember: Distrene is made in sheets, rods and tubes, and in powder form for injection moulding.

BX DISTRENE (Regd.)

COMPRESSION STRENGTH 7 tons per sq. in. SPECIFIC GRAVITY .... 1 0 6 WATER ABSORPTION .... Nil COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION . 0 001 SURFACE RESISTIVITY (2 4 h o u r s i n w a te r ) 3 x 10* megohms DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 60— 10* CYCLES . 2-60— 2-70 POWER FACTOR UP TO 1 0 0 MEGACYCLES •0 0 0 2 ----- 0 0 0 3

BX PLASTICS LTD., LARKSW00D WORKS, LONDON E.4 LH/BX225 THIS MARK IS YOUR GUARANTEE OF A GOOD QUALITY PRODUCT

BARE COPPER,CADMIUM COPPER & BRONZE*W IRES STRIP, STRAND, BARS, RODS, SECTIONS, TROLLEY WIRE, OVERHEAD LINES, TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH WIRES, FINE WIRES, RADIO AERIAL WIRE,TAPES & BINDERS* COM MUTATOR COPPER, COPPER FORGINGS, FUSE W IR E S , EARTH RODS, R A IL BO N D S. ETC.

FREDERICK SMITH & CO., (incorporated in The London Electric Wire Company and Smith s Lim ited ) ANACONDA WORKS, SALFORD, 3 LANCS Telephone: BLACKFRIARS 8701 (8 Lines) Telegram s: ANACONDA MANCHESTER January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 31

VSB-P 8 SINGLE BUSBAR METALCLAD UNIT

The excellence of “ FERGUSON, PAILIN ” design and manufacture in the larger types of switchgear is exemplified by this unit. The circuit breaker is vertically isolated by a self-contained raising and lowering mechanism. Among other advantages, this means easy inspection and maintenance of the circuit breaker contacts, etc. Available in single and double busbar designs up to 33kV.

FERGUSON, PAILIN LIMITED MANCHESTER II • ENGLAND LONDON BIRMINGHAM Temple Bar 871 1/2 Sutton Coldfield 2744 G L A S G O W C entral 5080 3 2 Electrical Review - January 26, 1945 $ wit ch-f use s! The Weekes “ Safetee ” Switch-fuse principle embodies stationary live contacts mounted at the bottom of case upon Micanite insulated steel rods. The moving contacts, fuses, and operating mechanism are all integral with the cover, and are perfectly accessible when the cover is open, and can then be renewed in safety

The old phrase “ a gem of the purest water" is particularly applicable to Knowles Electro­ lytic Plant for the production of hydrogen and oxygen. Where purity is of prime importance, as in hydrogen for processes involving catalysis, in the hydrogenation of synthetic foodstuffs, etc., the Knowles electrolytic cell produces direct and without further purification, hydrogen which is 99 95% pure, with oxygen 99-8% STANDARD T.P. SWITCH-EUSE pure. Slow Make-Quick Break Mechan­ The Knowles plant is unique in its simplicity, ism. Fully Interlocked. Cable making it possible to operate with a minimum Entries as required. of labour which need not be skilled. Special devices make the equipment safe under all SPECIAL NOTE.-“ SAFETEE ” Com­ conditions, m aintenance is reduced to negligible bined Switch-fuses are designed to proportions, and the plant has exceptionally carry and break 59 per cent, in excess long life. of the rated current capacity of the Equipment for plants of any size can be Switch-fuse. supplied. Ratings up to 500 Amps, 500 Volts, D.P. or T.P. (supplied weatherproof to order). ELECTROLYTIC PLANT Enquiries also invited for Switchboards, Water­ FOR HYDROGEN & OXYGEN tight Plugs and Sockets and Cartridge Fuses. L.WEEKES (LUTON) LIMITED T H E I NTERN ATIONAL LUTON. BEDS. ELECTROLYTIC PLANT Co. LTD. London Office : 36-38 KIN GSW AY, W.C.2 Telephones: Holborn 1091; Luton 278 SANDYCROFT - CHESTER Branches : Birmingham, Glasgow, Newcastle

® H O .ll

January 26, 1945 34 E lectrica l R eview

F o t , ù d / t ÿ c , 'y o a & s EtccPUcaC

It is noteworthy where Tudor ac­ whether they were installed only yes­ cumulators are to be found fulfilling terday, or over thirty years ago—as the most important duties. Over 500 many of them were—they are to-day British Power Stations installed functioning with consistent efficiency. Tudor. Many Tudor installations safetylyte (Patent No. 313248) rank among the largest in the land is the Tudor Emergency Lighting System , which is automatic and in­ and have an enviable reputation for stantaneous in operation. It is instal­ led in thousands of schools, hospitals, long-lived reliability. No matter factories and other large buildings

T he Tudor Accumulator Co. Ltd. ■ Ilhllrl ACCUMULATORS 50 Grosvenor Gardens, " London, S.W.t. SL O ane 0168/9

WT38b/44

M E IC E L IT E industrial Lighting Units are available with various lengths of arms and pillar. Bases for wall, bench or machine mounting ; for conduit or side entry with clamp for supply cable. Also heavy bases for portable use. Sm all reflectors fo r 12-volt lamps can be supplied.

Catalogue sent free on request• Electrical Review, January 26, 1945

Time does not tell on a

Crompton

M eter

a * 3 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

RESISTANCE

Although present circumstances render it difficult for us to give our pre-war service to all customers we are still working in their interests. New materials and manufacturing processes which we are now using to increase output also contribute in large measure to improved performance and reliability of our products. Thus, when normal times return, all users of Berco Resistances will benefit by our work to-day.

THE BRITISH ELECTRIC RESISTANCE CO. LTD. QUEENS WA V, PONDERS END, MIDDLESEX Telephone : HO W ARD 1492. Telegrams: “ VITROHM, ENFIELD."

IIHM

Equip your electrically driven machines with the “ right” control gear— IGRANIC, which will give positive protection to motor and machine and keep them working to secure maximum production. ■'\* T « A*

Illustration shows IG RA N IC Control Panel for Hoist motion of 6-ton Slab Charger for Steel Mill.

IGRANIC ELECTRIC C9LTP BEDFORD'S LONDON January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 37

L ' ... ,, EASY CABLING • WITH THE J. * P. UNIVERSAL ' h \ TERMINAL, LINK AND DIVIDING BOX i " ¡ The largest "Universal’ Cable Box made is for 75 sq. inch five core, • I. 1,1 » and the smallest for -001 sq, inch. In addition, 71 ** »/' there are round and flat types cable boxes suitable for practically all circumstances. ' ; 1/’.' I;;:-7 Have you ye t asked 1 for Publications J. B. U. i§B»A P~~.,i I I and J. B O. f ’Éf^áLr^ kiW

' T ' m iiti-

MAoe ,H W r t J& p UNIVERSAL 731 > CABLE BOX ROUND OR FLAT TYPES

JOHNSON & PHILLIPS LTD. CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7

Telephone : Greenwich 3244 (13 lines). Telegrams : "Juno,” Charlton,, Kent

n u s jJi t L c i m u M tL i "(U tU m m in fyicfiU fy ------38 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 2 6, 1945

Priorities here and prior­ ities there keep us busy these days. In normal ITH the lifting of the black­ times, however, we are Wout ban the solving of the problem of controlled street light­ well used to priorities—- ing is an urgent necessity. as much of our work is at The Sordoviso system provides the large Central Stations the answer, and can be adapted —so in spite of every­ as a centralized remote or auto­ thing, you can still rely matic control for all forms of street on Collins. lighting. Our technical engineers are available to work out or advise COLLINS on your particular problems. Collins Electrical Ltd. The Sordoviso system is sim­ Head Office plicity itself — once installed no 115 Clerkenwell Road London EC 1 attention or adjustment whatever Holborn 0212-3-4 i is required. i 22 St. Albans Place Upper St. Islington N i l ^ ,Canonbury 3227-8 Mk :eatherstone Rd. Southall May we send you further particulars. Southall 0168 A SORDOVISO SWITCHGEAR LTD. Fslcon Works, Loughborough CEL-7 saw ell advertising LOUGHBOROUGH 3131 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 39

V / /

The horizon of the war years is becoming brighter. War priorities must soon give way to peacetime needs, and recon­ struction take the place of destruction. One thing is certain. Great force / that electricity has been before and / during the war, its future part in the

national life will be incomparably greater. The G.E.C., always in the forefront of electrical progress, has worked with head and heart and hand in the war effort. The company’s vast technical and manu­ / / facturing resources have been devoted to

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Electricity’s Ran Material Coal Quality and Prices A DDRESSING the British Association than enough to nullify the benefits derived the other day, Lord Woolton made from improvements in design and operating an estimate of the vast savings that would technique, from which electricity con­ accrue from expenditure on research into sumers would have benefited. Since then the better use of coal. Such savings can­ flat-rate increases per ton have penalised not, however, be expected materially to users of low-grade fuels (and very low- affect the generation of electricity, in which grade they are) by reducing the price progressive reductions in the amount of margin between them and coals of better coal burned per kWh produced are the quality. direct result of well-established research into combustion problems. Purchase by Specification From this angle the most profitable form The main concern of the electricity of research concerns methods not of use supply industry is how far present anomalies but of production, especially coal prepara­ will persist in the future. Gallant as is the tion, on the lines discussed by Dr. R. record of war achievements of the Central Lessing in an analysis presented before the Electricity Board and its partners in the Institute of Fuel last session. Small coals grid—the supply undertakings—that Mr. naturally provide the greatest scope for Hobson presented, the part of his address investigation. to be regarded as the most momentous by our forward-looking industry relates Big Cost of Small Coals to the fuel situation after the war. Atten­ It may be considered a fortunate chance tion is more particularly directed to his that the electricity supply industry not only cogent plea, reported elsewhere in this is the largest purchaser of industrial coal, issue, for a rational scheme under which as Mr. Harold Hobson stated at the Fuel coal would be purchased to specification Luncheon Club last week, but also has and at prices closely connected with its devised a technique for burning coal of a BThU value. Detailed designs for generat­ type that once had negligible commercial ing plant required to meet the load three value. Had the original pit-head prices to five years hence must be settled now; merely followed the upward trend of hence the urgency. commodity prices generally, much less Mr. Hobson showed himself not un­ would have been heard, we believe, of appreciative of the difficulties of the coal the manufacturing advantages possessed industry, and it is to be hoped that the by countries having greater water-power kind of experiences related by Dr. E. S. resources. Grumell at the previous Club meeting are As matters stood at the outbreak of war, matters of the past. He told how the the rise in price of coal was appreciably immense resources of the I.C.I. were to be greater to public generating stations than it used to back investigations into the com­ was to the domestic market and it was more bustion of slacks of high-ash-content, coke 1 1 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

breeze, slurry and dry fines—all waste or further education of craftsmen in particulai near-waste products. As a consequence cannot be delayed without seriously pie- of stiff increases in prices, however, it paid judicing post-war industrial prospects. his concern handsomely to revert to Yet delays are inevitable under the new washed graded fuel. Research, if it is to Education Act, partly due to the difficulty, become more than a catchword leading to owing to a variety of causes unconnected disillusion and apathy, must be directed with our industry, of settling the date for into the most gainful channels and imple­ raising the school age. The feasibility of mented by the will and organised ability securing release for part-time study on one to make the utmost use of its results. (or possibly two) days per week for technicians and craftsmen as an indepen­ We reported last week dent measure merits consideration. The Last Sir John Dalton’s refer- Straw ence to the loyal co-opera- T h e division of students ' tion of electricity under­ Part-Time into three categories—pro- takings in accepting inferior fuel. Some Education fessional men, technicians measure of the cost they incurred in doing and craftsmen—is a realis­ so was indicated by the 300,000 kW men­ tic acceptance of existing conditions. It tioned last week by Mr. Harold Hobson as will probably be generally acceptable, the resulting deficiency in generating capa­ provided full escalation facilities are given city during this winter’s cold spell. This and due allowance is made for late de­ means that the costs per kWh are inflated velopment of good material. There is also on account not only of the paucity of heat the question as to whether part-time units to the pound but also of the capital education alone is enough to produce charges on additional plant that will be engineers at the professional level, with necessary to provide against recurrent which is wrapped up the need to provide anxiety of this kind. On top of this there full-time university education for suitable are the much heavier maintenance and candidates, irrespective of individual finan­ operating costs entailed in greater wear cial circumstances. A final consideration and reduction in efficiency of the larger is that the number of entrants desirable number of boilers required to steam. depends on the ability of the electrical I n its Lighting Service industry to absorb them, but in this an More Light Bureau E.L.M.A. has optimistic outlook is likely to be managed cleverly to avoid w a rran te d . the glare of naked publicity while still not A MEMORANDUM which hiding its light under a bushel. The way Rural the Ulster Farmers’ Union in which for many years past it has educated Electricity has submitted to the Gov­ the industry and the public in correct ernment of Northern Ire­ lighting methods is a good example of land asks the Government to accept the enlightened self-interest. The Bureau sells principle of supplying electricity to the light, not lamps; even if people outside the rural population on the same terms as to Association benefit it still thinks the work town dwellers. This policy has already worth while. Some indications of its post­ been adopted in Tasmania with results war aspirations are reported on another that can hardly be described as encourag­ page. ing. A report by the Hydro-electric T h e liveliness of the Commission shows that even with a 75 Technicians interest that is being taken per cent, grant extensions to supply the and in the future of the elec- rest of the consumers in rural areas will Craftsmen trical profession and in­ entail a considerable drain on the Com­ dustry is demonstrated by mission’s resources. This is on the basis of the keenness of the discussion on further past experience of the use which such con­ education which was opened by Sir Arthur sumers make of the supply when they Fleming at the Institution of Electrical get it. Given a willingness, and the Engineers last week and by the need to necessary standard of living, to make full allocate a second evening to the subject. use of the service when it is provided, the It was truly stated that by far the most result could be a much more attractive important raw material in industry is the proposition from the supply authority’s human and that arrangements for the point of view. January 2 6 ,1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 117 Bombed Power Stations Speedy Repairs Minimise Shut-downs

long ago do the days of the 1940-41 honour of being the first of the very few power “ blitz,” with the subsequent minor stations to be completely “ knocked out.” and “ hit-and-run ” raids, now seem that, Four of the bombs, though unfortunately especially since the V-bomb attacks began, killing three men, did comparatively little interest in happenings at that time has damage to the station, falling in the river inevitably waned. Several articles on damage opposite the jetty, on the switch house (this to electricity supply systems appeared in the one failed to explode), on the Home Guard Electrical Review while the raids were still room and on a five-ton hoist in the loading a frequent occurrence, though at that time bay. The fifth and sixth, however, fell security reasons prevented our referring to through the glass laylights in the roof of specific undertakings. With the recent the turbine house and apparently, since there easing of the censorship restrictions, however, was no crater, exploded in mid-air between it occurs to us that a few of the most serious two sets. This put all of the turbo-alternator incidents affecting power stations may at sets out of action, as well as the house set. least have some historical interest. Taking stock that morning the picture Considering the number of bombs dropped was one of almost indescribable chaos. In it is surprising how very few stations those days no protection of any sort was sustained damage of any very great severity provided for the turbines, and fragments and how little supplies have been interrupted. of the bombs had rent and pitted the machines What shut-downs there were have been of in hundreds of places. The steam pipes remarkably short duration and, thanks to had been splintered with the consequent the exertions of all concerned, repairs have release of the steam and water, while the been effected in the minimum of time. oil system had been damaged and the oil Some Londoners may possibly remember from it was ablaze. Cables had been cut, Monday, September 9th, 1940, as one of burnt and torn from their supports and there those extremely rare occasions during the was a transformer alight. (Hoses had to “ blitz ” when the electricity failed. The be played on it for three days before the fire failure affected a very wide area but, thanks was put out.) Great damage was done by to the grid system, supplies in most cases were bomb fragments to the 120-ton overhead

How two of the turbines at Fulham looked when the debris had been cleared away after a bomb had exploded between them restored in a very few minutes and practically crane, as well as to the structure of the everywhere within twenty-four hours. The building generally. The roller steel gates cause of the breakdown of supplies was a of the turbine room were blown right across “ stick ” of six bombs on Fulham power the street. There was debris everywhere, station, which thus claimed the doubtful The position looked rather hopeless, but 1 1 8 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

Mr. W. C. Parker, the borough electrical being bombed practically every night, came engineer, and his staff set to with a will to almost exactly two months after the incident, clear up the mess. With the oil fires under when on November 11th the first turbine control (the power station’s own fire pumps was returned to service. Ten days later had had their petrol tanks punctured and the house set was in use again, so that the were useless), the first step—and no simple station was well on the road to recovery one either—was the removal of the debris when the late Duke of Kent paid a and the drying out of the building and visit of inspection on December 5th. The plant so as to judge the actual extent of the damage. In those early days of repair, progress was much handicapped by the fact that there was no roof on so that night work had to be carried on with the aid of local lamps only. Soon, however, a concrete roof was provided. Almost unbelievable jobs were done on site. Every piece of machinery had to be stripped right down. Thousands of electric welds were made: forty-four were required before the vitally-needed 120-ton overhead crane could be put into commission and there were over sixty in some of the stanchions. Scores of welds, too, including some very extensive ones, were carried out on the turbines themselves. Considerable repairs The I.p. cylinder of one of the Fulham sets were needed to the alternator beds and to pipework, and large holes in the flooring had second turbine was in service by December to be filled in. Pieces from one set were 22nd and a machine being constructed at “ borrowed ” to complete another, while to the time of the bombing was put on load on March 24th, 1941. With the completion of repairs on the last machine in September the station was operating to full capacity. Though a number of minor faults attributable to the bomb developed from time to time, some as long as two years after the bombing, the plant does not seem any the worse for its experiences and has been operating satisfactorily ever since. The borough electrical en­ gineer, Mr. W. C. Parker, in giving us the foregoing informa­ tion, remarks upon the high endeavour and strong sense of duty of the whole of the under­ taking’s employees. He also The damaged h.p. cylinder and governor gear of one of the commends the manufacturers for Fulham turbines their help and speed in providing avoid completely dismantling the turbine material which made it possible to restore blading, bits of blade were carved off the the station to service within a time that ends to balance pieces chipped out by the appeared at first to be an impossibility. bom b. The first-fruits of the repair work, main­ At Croydon tained for seven days a week, twenty-four Croydon, the most flying-bombed borough, hours a day, aCa time when London was still was also the first district in the London area January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 119 to receive the attention of the Luftwaffe in could not be run for some time owing to the the 1940-41 raids. In one of these, on lack of auxiliary supplies and that supplies Saturday, October 26th, 1940, a high-explosive from the grid could not be utilised through bomb fell on the power station, hitting a the usual channels, steps were immediately steam pipe in the steam receiver annexe taken to get to Plymouth the necessary between the turbine room and the boiler “ pool ” gear and to carry out a pre-arranged house. plan to restore supplies pending completion Several of the ten-inch steam pipes of the “ pool ” gear. The plan was based on were completely severed, resulting in the loss the fact that, whilst the city’s e.h.v. network of the whole station’s steam supply and operated at 6,600 V, there was superimposed a shutting down the 25,000-kW, 30,000-kW 33,000-V system. This consisted of two and 7,000-kW sets which at the time were step-up transformers fed from the 6,600-V carrying a load of 20,000 kW (the 30,000-kW switchgear and feeding through step-down set was about to be taken off load). The transformers into the 6,600-V network at Croydon load was taken up immediately by two substations in the centre of the area of the grid with only a slight surge. supply. The procedure consisted of the All hands were called out at dawn to clear direct connection of the 6,600-V cables feeding away the debris and pump out the turbine- from the 33,000-V transformers forming part room basements, which were flooded owing to fractured water, con­ densate and other piping. By mid-day steam was raised on the four 50,000-lb. per hr. boilers and at 2 p.m. one 12,500-kW turbo-alternator was put on load. At 3.20 a second 12,500-kW set was in operation, followed soon after­ wards by the 30,000- kW and 7,000-kW sets. The 25,000-kW set, however, needing the Temporary “ pool ” gear set up adjacent to the Plymouth power station replacement of steam pipes, together with the making good of of the above-mentioned superimposed system. considerable other damage, was out of action The amount of work involved will be for nearly three months. realised when it is explained that each phase connection consisted of two cables, con­ Rapid Restoration at Plymouth sequently necessitating twelve joints. Never­ An example of the importance of planning theless, all the work, including phasing, ahead was provided at Plymouth when, during for the energising of the first of the two a heavy raid on the night of January 13th, circuits was completed exactly twenty-four 1941, a high-explosive bomb fell upon the hours after the damage occurred. The main 6,600-V switchgear, totally wrecking jointing of the second emergency connection most of it and starting a fire. This made the was completed within another twenty-four whole network “ dead.” Once the fires were hours, making it possible for the station to under control, connections were made with a carry its maximum load. large private generating plant and soon after This was, of course, only a temporary 10 p.m. the following day the most vital measure pending the commissioning of the service supplies had been restored. Supplies “ pool ” gear, for the erection of which a road to three hospitals and the telephone exchange adjacent to the generating station was given by the following morning absorbed the temporarily closed. Simultaneously arrange­ whole of the remaining available output of ments were made for the carrying out of the private generating plant. repairs to the switch-house. Much of the Since it was realised that the power station switchgear was usable after overhaul, but 120 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

some had to be replaced. The completion to be rebuilt from the ground. The bomb of the rebuilding work occupied several crater was sheet piled and filled with concrete. months and the gear was recommissioned in Work was well under way with re-erection three sections, the corresponding sections of when a bad crack suddenly developed in the the “ pool ” gear being taken out of service. steam end foundation, which had not been replaced and one machine again had to be Portsmouth’s Worst Experience dismantled. At Portsmouth, of the fifty or so high- On March 10th, 1941, the inside of the explosive bombs which fell in the immediate turbine house again received a direct hit. neighbourhood of the power station, six This time, however, the bomb hit the wall actually hit the plant. The worst damage before reaching floor level and caused super­ occurred on January 10th, 1941, when there ficial damage only. Unfortunately the con­ was a direct hit on the turbine house. This nections to the grid were also cut at this penetrated the concrete of the turbine house time and a complete cessation of supply floor and exploded about 9 ft. in the ground occurred from about 11 p.m. until 2 p.m. beneath. The alternator foundations of the following day. Hundreds of incendiaries the 30,000-kW set were shifted about 5 in. fell on the power station, but those that out of line, three turbine-house stanchions penetrated the turbine house and boiler were shifted out of line and one 10,000- house caused no damage, thanks largely to kW set was extensively damaged. Long the temporary roofing of Durasteel which lengths of circulating water piping were protected the vulnerable parts of the electrical destroyed, leading to flooding and immersion gear. At different times very considerable in sea water of all the auxiliary condensing damage was done to superheater tubes, plant motors in the basement. The roof was boiler tubes and steel ducting which were blown off and windows were blown out and awaiting erection in the adjacent yards on all the plant was covered with thick mud. extensions. Three other direct hits on the At the same time the 33-kV control room circulating water system and one in a trans­ was badly damaged and completely put out former enclosure did little harm. of action. In spite of the extensive damage there was only one fatal casualty on this Daylight Attacks on Brighton occasion. Situated right on the shore of the English Each of the three separate connections Channel, the Southwick power station of the to the grid had received a direct hit, but Brighton Corporation naturally came in there was a chance of getting some supply for a good deal of attention and was in fact through an industrial establishment which one of the few stations which was deliberately had a connection to the power station and an attacked in daylight. All the raids, which emergency connection to the grid. It was were by low-flying aircraft, occurred between found, however, that this connection also 5 and 6 p.m., with the exception of one which had had a direct hit. Supply ceased at was just after 6 a.m. Damage was caused on 7.5 p.m. on December 10th and the first six occasions and altogether over fifty high- reconnection to the grid took place at 5.20 explosive bombs fell on or near the station. a.m. on January 13th. Considerable ingenuity Despite this, the station never had to be was shown by the C.E.B. engineering staff relieved of any load and was never shut and the electrical staff of the undertaking in down, largely because the boiler-house is fixing temporary control gear. From this arranged in two sections at opposite ends of time the load was gradually built up again. the building and it has been the practice Some 60 per cent, of the mains system to have steam up in boilers in both ends. was put out of action by hits on underground In the first three attacks, on November 9th cables and over 1,000 openings had to be and 13th, 1940, and April 24th, 1942, damage made in the streets to repair them. About was insignificant, though on the second three weeks elapsed before the last consumer occasion the Germans reported that was reconnected, though a large proportion “ Brighton power station had been of them were connected again within a week. destroyed. Considerable damage was, how­ Great help was rendered by men of the Navy, ever, caused on May 12th, 1942, when two the Army, and by skilled men from neigh­ high-explosive bombs were dropped at the bouring undertakings. The repair work to south end of the boiler house, killing one the turbine plant gave considerable difficulty. man and injuring five others. The structure The 30,000-kW alternator foundations had of the main block of the boiler house was January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 121

seriously affected, the chemist’s laboratory, attendant. A second similar bomb set a offices, instruments and other equipment cycle shed afire; this was effectively dealt were destroyed, but the boilers themselves did with by the works fire guards. The third fell not seriously suffer and after complete in a concrete bunker and did no damage. cleaning down and overhaul both were in In this raid many house’s were demolished full commission again by the following August. or damaged and it was necessary to cut off A month later, on June 16th, two more supply from a number of streets during the bombs hit the administrative offices on the day to facilitate cutting out of damaged or north side of the station and the wharf on dangerous mains and services. Supply was the other side of the harbour. The first restored to all habitable premises except bomb destroyed the power station superin­ fifty-one before nightfall. tendent’s office, drawing office, corres­ In a second heavy raid, in July, 1943, a pondence office, telephone switchboard, high-explosive bomb fell near the power blacksmith’s shop and part of the fitters’ shop station and broke all the windows on one and also the temporary chemists’ laboratory re­ side and damaged roofs. In this attack six placing that knocked out the previous month. 6,600-V feeder cables were severed and All records and drawings were completely supply was cut off from a part of the town, destroyed and l.v. distribution to the adjacent but was restored within three hours. areas of Portslade and Aldington was We have to thank the engineers of these temporarily interrupted. The second bomb undertakings for the information given in affected the marine cables, one of which had this article:—Mr. W. C. Parker (Fulham); to be abandoned. Mr. F. N. Rendell Baker (Croydon); Mr. B. Tt was, however, in the most recent incident, Handley (Portsmouth): Mr. H. Pryce-Jones August 24th, 1942, that the greatest amount (Brighton since April 1st, 1943, succeeding of damage to the plant itself was done. Then Mr. W. N. C. Clinch); Mr. H. Midgley a bomb penetrated the concrete structure of (Plymouth); and Mr. G. W. Parker (Grimsby). the precipitation plant for No. 12 boiler, At the same time we would pay a tribute to destroying one precipitator completely and the gallant way in which they and their damaging three others, two badly. The staffs stuck to their posts and surmounted flue ducting of all four boilers was badly difficulties of sometimes appalling pro­ buckled and in some cases destroyed, all the portions. lagging was damaged or blown off, and Next week we intend to deal with the the supply cables to the precipitators and the Greenock station which was badly damaged induced draught fans were damaged. The in May, 1941, when the engineer, Mr. D. base of the 250-ft. chimney was badly McDougall, lost his life. chipped. There were seven casualties, four to the undertaking’s staff and three to the Recovery at East Ham contractors’ staff, one of them being fatal. A N improvement in the financial position of Damage at Grimsby the East Ham Electricity Department enabled the Council in 1943 to increase the cash discount Grimsby has had a large number of air from 2J to 5 per cent, and reduce the wartime attacks, mostly comparatively brief, many of surcharge from 20 to 10 per cent. Nevertheless, 'the accounts for 1943-44 which we have received them causing damage to mains and services. from the engineer and manager (Mr. G. W. Two of the raids were heavy and on both these Ablitt) record the largest net profit for a good occasions the power station was slightly many years—£14,077 against £1,767 in 1942-43. In view of this satisfactory result reductions damaged and the damage to the distribution have been made in the charges for prepayment system was widespread. supplies to come into force on February 1st. In June, 1943, in the first of the heavy (Code B lighting rate is reduced from 4d. plus 10 per cent, to 3£d. plus 10 per cent, and Codes attacks, three large phosphorus bombs fell H, J and K. are also modified.) on the generating station premises. One of The total number of kWh sold increased these crashed through the roof and exploded from 30,436,000 in 1942-43 to 32,136,000 last in the turbine room, breaking gratings and year, while revenue rose from £229,913 to £232,450 although the average price received throwing metal in all directions. Happily fell from 1 -813d. to l -736d. Bulk supply costs the incendiary mixture (rubber and phos­ increased from 0-722d. to 0-735d. per kWh phorus) did not ignite except for one portion sold, but this was more than offset by economies on a running rotary convertor. This was in other directions, chiefly reduced sinking fund contributions, and the overall operating cost promptly stopped and the fire extinguished (excluding public lighting) decreased from with an asbestos blanket by a switchboard 1-29Id. to 1 -260d. 122 Electrical Review January 2 6, 1945 Coal aa«l Electricity Adverse Effects of Poor Quality T a gathering of the Fuel Luncheon within five days. In September, 1940, the A Club on January 18th, Mr. Harold engine room of Fulham station was gutted H o b s o n (chairman, Central Electricity Board) by high explosive bombs cutting off 180,000 said that the electricity supply industry was kW of plant, but except to the local distribu­ the largest single industrial consumer of coal. tion system the supply was fully maintained Since 1913 the output of electricity in this everywhere. country had doubled itself every seven years, The effect of enemy action on grid overhead and in 1941 was about sixteen times what it lines had been almost negligible, the propor­ was when we entered the last war. tion of prolonged interruptions being very Concurrently there had been a steady im­ small because of the rapidity with which they provement in technical could be put back into service. The only efficiency which, up to lengthy repair (which took several months) about 1938, kept pace was when an unexploded A.A. shell fell on a with increasing prices 132-kV buried cable. of coal and was there­ On the outbreak of war the trend towards fore accompanied by a greater fuel efficiency was reversed until the steady downward trend middle of 1941, when it again improved, but in the price of elec­ only to the 1939 level, whereas since then tricity to the public. more than two million kW of new and These tendencies comparatively efficient generating plant had received a marked been installed. The most important single fillip with the coming cause of the failure to attain commensurate into operation of the efficiencies was the quality of coal available. C.E.B. system in 1933 When a boiler plant was operated with as the result partly of Mr. H. Hobson coal having different characteristics from interconnection and those for which it was designed there was a partly of economies achieved by power- reduction not only in efficiency, but also in station owners because of the resulting large output. This reduction of boiler availability scale of their working. This reorganisation represented a loss of about 300,000 kW had contributed materially towards enabling throughout the country. Deterioration in the industry to meet the strain of the war. quality had often been quite inconsistent, so Many of the new war factories were that boiler plant could not be structurally erected far from existing load centres, but altered to burn a different type of fuel, nor practically all the power required was supplied could an operating technique be evolved from the public mains. He knew of no case which would improve efficiency with different in which the starting up of a war factory had grades o f fuel. been delayed for lack of electric power, although with machine tools from America it Prices for Graded Qualities could be equipped much more quickly than a Flat-rate increases had distorted the pre­ power station could be built or an existing war relationship between the prices of fuels station could be extended. A shrinkage of of high and poor qualities. The electricity demand in the London area had provided a supply industry had spent many millions substantial surplus capacity there, and this sterling in research work and in providing was transmitted to South Wales, where war boiler plant designed to burn low-grade demands were far in excess of local capacity, fuels. It had paid to do so and it had by running three main grid lines. resulted in low prices for electricity to con­ In January, 1941, the high-voltage switch- sumers, but there was not a reasonable gear and generating plant at Plymouth was return on that investment to-day. completely demolished in an air raid. Eleven The £90,000,000 programme for three panels of outdoor switchgear were despatched million kW of power station plant could not from the nearest store of the pool of spare be planned by the Board so as to increase equipment which had been provided by the maximum overall economy of production Board at a cost of £3 million. Substantial because no real information could be obtained supplies were resumed within forty-eight as to price and quality of coal after the war. hours, and the whole work was completed in Therefore he urged the coal industry, im­ under a fortnight. In the same year Greenock mediately slightly more settled conditions power station and the adjacent grid sub­ prevailed, to evolve some scheme for selling station received a direct hit. With the aid of its products to reasonably accurate specifica­ a 20,000-kVA transformer and switchgear tions and grading its prices to reflect from the pool full supplies were restored differences in quality. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 123 Rmlio Industry Council Inaugural Luncheon in London

HERE was a gathering of nearly five That experience of television technique in T hundred at last week’s inaugural the industry had also helped largely to luncheon at the Connaught Rooms, London, provide the scientists, engineers and trades­ of the Radio Industry Council. M r . F. B. men who had made it possible to operate D u n c a n (Electric & Musical Industries, the laboratories, factories, and the big tech­ Ltd.), chairman of the Council, who presided, nical units which were now serving in the said that the radio industry’s achievements armed Forces. redounded to the credit both of the industry In one supremely critical year the radio industry had to move simultaneously in two directions. From every section and branch of the industry trained personnel were demanded for the Forces to maintain and operate Service gear, and to train yet more thousands to do the same work. At the same time it had to take in novices and train them to fill the depleted ranks, not only man-for-man, but much faster, for by 1942 the industry was two and a half times its 1939 size. The growth had not only been in personnel and factory space, but in complexity of method and machinery as well. Radiolocation gear enabled men on the ground to detect and plot the course of enemy aircraft miles away. The itself and of British prestige. enemy suddenly realised that the Radio communication British nation was one scientific originated in these islands. It jump ahead of him. Every anti­ seemed to have been forgotten aircraft gun-site and every search­ by many that British broad­ light in this country was casting was started (in 1922) by equipped with special type radio­ half a dozen commercial firms, location which reduced the not to make profits, but to human error in sighting. Mr. found a fresh industry and Duncan stressed the fact that develop a new art whose British naval vessels were the first ultimate effect on human existence could then only be appreciated by a few visionaries. Top : Mr. F. B. Duncan and Sir Stanley Angwin (Engineer-in-Chief, It was the British radio industry G.P.O.). Centre : Sir Robert Ren- that produced (in 1937) the wick. Below : Lord Hankey and installation which broadcast Mr. E. E. Rosen (Ultra Radio) television as a public service in England before any other country in the world had commenced to do so. The industry believed in television, although it knew that in the early stages it could not recoup the investments that it was necessary to make ; but it was in line with the spirit of leadership to use its resources to support the new development in the clear view that it would eventually add greatly to the renown of British radio and, later, mean con­ siderably expanded employment in the country. The expanded scientific and manufacturing structure which had been laid down by television, combined with the great work done by the Services in the application of in which dead-accurate gun-laying was assisted those principles to war needs, made possible by radio beam. In 1941 an Italian fleet off the use of radiolocation gear which had Matapan was blasted from the sea by the* helped this country throughout the war. guns of British cruisers and destroyers aided 124 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

by radiolocation in pitch darkness. Last point of view, as one problem with the home year the Scharnhorst was sunk at an incredible market, from which it was inseparable. range by battleship gunfire dead on the target, The first post-war receiving sets would be with the help of still more advanced radio­ similar to those of 1939. Solid developments location gear. By the second year of war and improvements in technique there un­ night fighters were led by a ground control doubtedly had been during the war which to enemy planes and by further development would lead to better transmission and bomber planes were directed unerringly to reception, especially on short waves, and to their targets. greater reliability. They would also provide “ D ” day saw the most pregnant develop­ freedom of listening to radio broadcasting ment of all when new and special types of emanating from any part of the world. They radiolocation enabled air-borne and para­ looked for improvement in standards both chute troops to be accurately concentrated of programmes and transmission and antici­ by radio on minute landing areas in darkness. pated an immediate expansion of work in So vast were the forces involved that no the field of television. The Radio Industry other means could have maintained contact Council had made its submission to the and prevented the dispersal of such large Television Committee under Lord Hankey forces. To-day pin-point aerial bombard­ for an immediate restarting of the pre-war ment was assured by the recently disclosed system of television as soon as the German “ black box ” which gave the bomber pilot war ended, not only a station in London an ever-changing picture of the earthly but an immediate commencement of work scene below him, so that neither darkness, upon the connecting up of the whole country cloud nor fog obscured the target. by a network of radio links which, in fact, had already been envisaged before the war. Ingenious Vacuum Device A system with nation-wide coverage could Probably the best single contribution from be set up at no very great expense having British engineers would ultimately prove to regard to the eventual increase in employ­ be a vacuum device, something infinitely ment and the propaganda value in con­ more than a valve, of such delicacy and nection with the export of transmission complexity that only the most skilful hands and receiving gear. could make it. It was the heart of many of The public must not expect that the price the most advanced types of radiolocation of post-war television would be any lower gear, permitting effective operation at very than 1939 in the early stages. The object was high frequencies. After the war it would be to serve everyone, and it was elementary directly applied to automatic anti-collision economics that a downward price curve devices to ensure the safety of ships and followed an upward demand curve. Lord planes. Hankey’s Television Committee had sent its Applications of radio gear to tanks, ships report to the Government and in the interest and aeroplanes amounted to stupendous of industry planning the sooner its decision totals. Too little was known of these was made known the better. Within three significant contributions to freedom’s cause, years there should be a sufficient number of nor was it widely enough known that much viewers to warrant an entertainment pro­ new development was built upon the founda­ gramme that could compete with any other. tions of the ordinary domestic radio industry of Great Britain. Export Trade Considerations To-day the adult industry was equipped There were big future possibilities in the use with personnel and resources which qualified of electronic technique in a very wide field. it to compete with any in the world, and it Already a whole new industry was developing was precisely for that object that the new as more was learned about radio-frequency structure of the Radio Industry Council had heating which would have a vast number of been erected. The Council was a Federation applications in many manufacturing processes. Council of four separate independent bodies : ■ In the export field the radio industry had the British Radio Equipment Manufacturers’ not perhaps done as well as it might have done, Association, the British Radio Valve Manu­ but on the whole did not differ largely from facturers’ Association, the Radio Component that of British industry in general. Com­ Manufacturers’ Federation and the recently petition was a splendid incentive, but it formed Radio Communication and Electronic could never take the place of a proper and Engineering Association. continued study of comparative costs. In co-operation with the Government, Industry was by no means solely to blame and within the industry, much useful work for this position. Every section of the had already been done, and the Council community must take its share of the blame, was now concentrating on plans for the and from now on be conscious that we must reconversion of the industry and the expan­ export or reduce some standards of living. sion of exports. As producers they must In future the aim must be to organise ' have a constant regard for the export market, units and programmes of manufacture, and treat it, at least from the production whether they be for process or for complete January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 125 manufacture, so that they were of a sufficient Communications, Air Ministry) remarked size to produce maximum economy and that he found it difficult to reply to the clear efficiency. The theory that certain large picture the chairman had presented. If nations had a better basis than we had for anything, he had underestimated the achieve­ economies and low costs in their large home ments of the industry. This year was the markets and resources was largely fallacy. tenth anniversary of the successful trial of Our population and our home market were radiolocation and when its story could be of a sufficient size to be a basis for, and to fully told the nation would realise the debt support, a profitable export trade in almost it owed to the radio industry. They had every kind of manufacture in which they never had too much equipment, but no section were engaged provided they organised their had suffered from the lack of it. industrial units to produce maximum Although we were now becoming tired, one efficiency. Price was a matter of re­ final effort was needed, for the 1945 pro­ organisation, with fearless thinking and gramme was a very large one. If relations ruthless scrapping of everything which was of the radio industry with the Board of Trade out of date. They would need much help and the Department of Overseas Trade after from the Government to facilitate the the war were anything like they had been renaissance of British export. with the wartime supply ministries, then Sir Robert Renwick (Controller of there would be nothing to fear in future. PERSONAL and SOCIAL News of Men and Women of the Industry S reported last week, Mr. W. Winwood, Tuckers he will be able to deal with Kersons’ 4 A.M.I.E.E., has been appointed distribution interests in the area. Until suitable office engineer of the West Midlands Joint Electricity accommodation has been arranged his address Authority. Mr. Winwood received his tech­ will be 19, Cromford Way, New Malden, nical education as an articled pupil of Mr. Surrey (tel.: Kingston 0414). S. T. Allen, then borough electrical engineer Mr. W. S. Proctor, regional engineer at the and manager at Wolverhampton, and attended Scottish regional telephone headquarters in Walsall Technical College arid Wolverhampton Edinburgh, has been appointed telephone and Staffordshire Technical College. He gained manager for the Glasgow area in succession workshop and test experience with the Rees to Mr. R. Teasdale, who is due to retire next Roturbo Co. and the Electric Construction month. Mr. Proctor is joint author of a Co. In 1925 he be­ recently published book on telephony. came personal technical assistant to the Wolver­ F/Lt. J. M. C. Field has been released from the hampton borough elec­ R.A.F. in order to attend to the affairs of the trical engineer. A year Borth & Ynyslas Electric Supply Co., Ltd., of later he was appointed which he is the engineer and managing director. technical assistant with Mr. A. Wynn, who the West Midlands Joint since 1940 has been Electricity Authority, joint managing director being engaged on tech­ of the Midland Electric nical preliminaries in Manufacturing Co., connection with the de­ Ltd., with Mr. W. L. sign of the Ironbridge Barber the founder, has station, and on the pre­ now been appointed sole liminary lay-out of new managing director. Mr. switchgear and control Barber while relinquish­ Mr. W . Winwood room s at the A uthority’s ing his position as joint other four stations. He m anaging director w>as appointed district engineer for the Authority’s remains chairman of the Shropshire Distribution Area in 1931 and mains company. Mr. Wynn engineer for the eastern district of the Shropshire joined the M.E.M. Co. Area in 1939. in 1923 and since th at time he has successively Mr. A. Wynn British Insulated Cables, Ltd., announce that held the positions of Mr. N. K. Bunn, works manager, and Mr. J. L. production engineer, works superintendent, Harvey, production manager, have been assistant general manager and general manager. appointed joint general works managers. Mr. W. J. Clements becomes works manager. Miss Ruth V. Buckley, who at the age of twenty Prescot works. has obtained the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering with honours, is the first woman to Mr. G. A. Ruff, who for the past three years have achieved this success at Leeds University. has been acting as sales manager of the Kersons Manufacturing Co., Ltd., is resuming his Three retiring employees at the Stafford previous position as London and Southern works of the English Electric Co., Ltd., have England manager for J. H. Tucker & Co., Ltd. just been presented with long-service testimonials Mr Ruff will take up duties in London on by the directors and management. The recipients January 29th, and while he will act mainly for were Mr. Thomas W. Probert (56 years’ 126 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

service), Mr. E. G. Fuller (52 years) and Mr. T. shops. Mr. Hedges installed Gramme dynamos Reynolds (40 years). The presentations were at the Liverpool Docks in 1878 and designed cu j r' Milligan, manager of the installation of the S.S. Chimborazo, claim ed the Stafford works. ' to be the first steamer to use incandescent lamps. Brigadier G. C. Wickens, formerly chief signal He acted as consultant to several of the earliest officer of the London A.A. Command, has been electricity supply companies. appointed public relations officer to the G.P.O. His name is probably best known, however, in connection with lightning protection. Having Mr. W. W. Vinsen, manager of the Coventry been consulted upon the lighting in St. Pauls works of the British Thomson-Houston Co., Cathedral his attention was directed to the Ltd., and Mr. E. S. Little, comptroller and inadequate protection against lightning. He head of the accounting department, have been re-arranged the system upon the principles elected directors of the company. Mr. Vinsen advocated by Clerk Maxwell and later applied has been appointed assistant director of the system to Westminster Abbey. He estab­ manufacture and will assist Mr. G. M. Camp­ lished the Lightning Research Committee of the bell, director of manufacture. R.LB.A. and Surveyors’ Institution in 1941 and Mr. E. R. Constance, A.M.I.E.E., has taken acted as its hon. secretary. His collection of up an appointment with Cooke & Ferguson, electric lighting apparatus is now at South Ltd., as London electrical representative after Kensington. serving four years with Mr. Hedges was the author of a number of the Air Ministry Works books and papers on electricity supply, and Directorate, where he protection against lightning. He had been living was engaged in special Mr in retirement for some years. electrical development Mr. L. A. Lewis.—We regret to report the work and in supervising death on January 20th, at the age of sixty-one of the installation and Mr. Lucien Alexander Lewis, M.I.E.E., maintenance of elec- M.I.E.I., Director of Inspection, India Stores trical plant associated , Department. with R.A.F. stations, ■* J, Mr. James T. Rankin whose death on January including distribution 21st at the London Hospital is reported, was for schemes. Mr. Constance many years associated with the Sunbeam was formerly with the Vacuum Cleaner Co., and he was one of the Metropolitan - Vickers founding directors of Bylock Electric, Ltd. Electrical Co., Ltd. Major Hugh P. Samwell, M.C., Argyll and Two of the oldest Sutherland Highlanders, Stirling, who has been members of the staff of Mr. E. R. Constance killed in action in Europe, was managing the Aberdeen Corpora­ director of Scottish Radio Industries, Denny, tion Electricity Works, Mr. A. H. McKay, m ains Stirlingshire. He was awarded the M.C. for superintendent, with 45J years’ service, and Mr. gallantry during the Eighth Army’s attack on W . Hodson, chief technical assistant, with 41 j the Mareth Line in the Tunisian campaign. years’ service, have just retired. Presentations were made to them by Mr. Alex. Gardner, city W ills.—Lord Herbert Scott, chairman of the electrical engineer, at the annual meeting of the Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co., Ltd., and a employees of the Department held recently. director of other companies, left personal estate in Great Britain valued at £12,060. Mr. L. A. Hooke, who has been associated with Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia), Ltd., T he late Mr. A. R. Hoare, chairman of the since its incorporation it) 1913 and has been Isle of Thanet Electric Supply Co. and the general manager since 1936, has joined the Kalgoorlie Electric Power & Lighting Corpora­ board of the company and has been appointed tion, left £23,279 (£23,168 net personalty). managing director. Mr. Colin F. Campbell, chairman of the Appointments Bureau Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co., Ltd., was the guest of honour at a dinner held HE Professional Engineers’ Appointments on January 17th. He was presented with his T Bureau to which reference was made in the portrait in oils painted by Mr. James Gunn. Electrical Review of January 5th (p. 22) has commenced operations. We have received a Mr. H. Macartney, late of Veritys, Ltd., has copy of the rules which conform to the outline joined the Newman Motors staff and is operating given in the December I.E.E. Journal. Accom ­ from the company’s Ordsall Works, Salford. panying this is a letter signed by the presidents Mr. C. M. Cock, who has been for seventeen of the Institutions of Civil, Mechanical and years with the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, Electrical Engineers, which jointly sponsor the is reported to be on his way home to take up the scheme, appealing to their members for the position of deputy to Mr. A. Raworth, chief necessary funds. It is anticipated that the first electrical engineer to the Southern Railway. year’s expenditure will be about £2,000; in the next four years about £ 1,000 per annum will be Obituary required. A target figure of £10,000 is being aimed at so that there shall be reserves to tide Mr. Killingivorth Hedges.—By the death, on over the first ten difficult years. Five shillings January 20th, of Mr. Killingworth Hedges, is suggested as a suitable donation but, naturally, M.InsLC.E., M.I.E.E., there passes a pioneer larger amounts will be welcomed. Employers of the electrical industry and a man of great of engineers are also being approached. versatility. He was trained as a civil engineer Communications regaraing the Bureau should and his early interests included bicycles, canals, be addressed to the Clerk to the Civil Engineers’ railways, waterworks and even multiple tea Appointments Board, 8, Princes Street, S.W.l. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 127

CORRESPONDENCE Letters should bear the writers' names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents' opinions.

Universal Domestic Tariff particular. I cannot help feeling that a slight measure of acknowledgment and thanks from ■"N his article in your issue of January 5th the supply side to the contracting side would, *■ Mr. J. L. Ferns seems to have over­ in cases of this kind, just oil the wheels of looked the fact that, on his proposed tariff, commerce. a domestic consumer who used just over The particular problems and costs of 1,200 kW h per quarter would obtain his electrical distribution in the Boston Rural current at an average price of less than id. District can be appreciated in a comparison per kWh, including fixed charge. This would of costs. Of four dehydration factories not be sufficient to cover the cost of supply. carried out, the average cost of electricity at I am of the opinion that the installed load Boston (on the basis of 500,000 kWh per of a domestic consumer is no guide as to year) is 1-155d. per kWh, whereas in an the cost of providing his supply, but Mr. Ferns identical factory in North Lincolnshire the suggests a bonus to domestic consumers for cost is 0-788d. per kWh ; at a factory in every type of heavy load connected. As we South Yorkshire 0-785d.; and at a factory in are in search of a universal form of tariff, Lancashire 0-77d. would he recommend the same treatment to London, E.C.4. J. M ortim er EIawkins, commercial and industrial consumers ? Managing Director, In any case, what will grandfather say to Mortimer, Gall & Co., Ltd. the slogan “ The higher your MD the cheaper your supply ” ? I.E.E. Graduates’ Position Welwyn Garden City, B. Crowsley, ^CORRESPONDENCE in recent issues H erts. a .m .i.e .e . o f the Electrical Review has thrown Contractors and Rural Industry considerable light on the unfortunate position tfkN the first page of the article in the of many graduates of the I.E.E. Will Mr. current issue of the Electrical Review W. K. Brasher state definitely what the dealing with electrical development in the present graduate’s position is ? For instance, area of the Boston & District Electric Supply is he expected to take some more evening Co., under the energetic auspices of Mr. H. courses ? Payn, M.I.E.E., there is an illustration of the In Mr. Brasher’s opinion the problem is vegetable dehydration plant recently extended one of passing an examination. In our and electrified in Boston. In fairness to the opinion the problem is that of obtaining a electrical contracting side of the industry, I suitable position when we have passed our would like to point out that this factory of exams. What are these technical positions F.M.S. (Potato Factories), Ltd., is one of a for which the new I.E.E. syllabus would number which have been extended and elec­ train people ? The graduate is often superior to many trified by this company, and the resultant people in responsible positions. It is not consumption should be credited to contrac­ the graduate who requires this extra education tors ; I think Mr. Payn will be the first to but the many people who occupy positions regard this load in the light o f“ manna from graduates were trained for. heaven.” Bradford. A. R. CURETON, Graduate I.E.E. Before my company was called in to advise on the many problems of motive power, this t'B’CHE experience of your “ G raduate ” factory was driven by a steam engine which correspondents does not seem to be operated a line shaft. The developments confined to isolated cases. Having heard of called for by the Ministry of Food in dehy­ several injustices from the persons involved dration processes involved much additional I have also tasted the bitterness of rejection machinery, and after very careful calculation after having been selected for a higher post. of the economics of the situation we advised From my experience, release under the full electrification. On the general result Essential Work (General Provisions) Order of that advice, my clients have thanked me as at present operated, is determined solely for the manifold advantages and flexibility of on the point of whether a man’s present electric drive, plus also the economies of employer is willing to release him. The production costs. answer to that in these days of depleted Each of these dehydration factories will staffs is obvious. consume approximately 500,000—650,000 kWh It was my belief that the Essential Work per annum, and yet the contractors do not Orders were designed to prevent the frivolous appear to have received any credit for this movement of labour and not the legitimate assistance to the generating side of the in­ promotion of freshly trained technical men. dustry in general, and the Boston Company in However, it seems that we must bury our 128 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 knowledge until we are either called up or, at technical knowledge can be adequately some dim period in the future, the Essential exercised is, I believe, simply due to the Work Orders are revoked. It is-certain that relative scarcity of those positions in the while the final decision for release is the structure of industry. In short, the supply of prerogative of a locally situated civil servant, technical men is greater than the demand. the parochial optlook will prevent a more The small proportion of technical men to important post from assuming its true other categories of employees can easily be position in his judgment, even if he is capable assessed by anyone in a position to observe the of assessing the relative importance of the make-up of an average firm. various technical posts. “ Graduate I.E.E.” can only console him­ Thus we remain enmeshed in the bureau­ self with the thought that with his qualification cratic web pondering on the need for Hankey his promotion is possible: without it, im­ Schemes, the Central Register, I.E.E. possible. His letter reflects the very natural Appointments Bureau, etc., and sighing disgruntlement of young men who have enviously at the apparent free flights of the made the effort to qualify and yet have not “ higher-ups.” Q u i d N u n c . thereby made tangible progress. There exists no authority or body to guarantee to tfkNE cannot but sympathise with us a vocational reward proportionate to our “ Graduate I.E.E.” in your issue of labours and attainments in technical matters December 29th. I have observed the same —or in any other sphere. Life on all planes circumstances in many instances over a is competitive. S. G. H. number of years. I would go so far as to say that the technical colleges turn out hundreds of students every year who, in the course of “ She Stoops t o ...... ” their jobs, are not called upon to use more WT is a pity that the B.E.D.A. overstates the than 5 per cent, of the theoretical knowledge case. Your issue of November 17th, imparted to them. I have in mind those 1944, has an illustration of a new horizontal students taking Ordinary and Higher National cooker which “ does away with stooping.” Certificates in Electrical and Mechanical In your issue of January 5th there is a photo­ Engineering. graph of a woman stooping to put something That he and many hundreds like him into a horizontal cooker. cannot find suitable positions in which their Hartington, Middx. H . R. B r o a d b e n t . Forthcoming- Events Saturday, January 27th.—London.—Caxton Physics. “ A Survey of X-rays in Engineering Hall, Westminster, S.W.l, 2.30 p.m. Association and Industry,” by V. E. Puliin, C.B.E. for Scientific Photography. “ Electric-Discharge Bradford. — Technical College, 6.45 p.m. Lamps for Photography,” by H. K. Bourne, Bradford Electronics Society. “ The Modern M.Sc., M.I.E.E. Application of Mercury Arc Rectifier Valves,” Bristol. — Merchant Venturers’ Technical by J. C. Milne. College, 3 p.m. I.E.E. Bristol Students’ Section. “ Electronic Stroboscope and its Applications,” Friday, February 2nd. — Glasgow. — At by Prof. G. H. Rawcliffe. Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders, 8 p.m. Mansfield. — County Technical College, Engineer Surveyors' Association. “ Electrical 3 p.m. Association of Mining Electrical and Testing in Quarries,” by G. S. Rough. Mechanical Engineers (Midland Branch). Saturday, February 3rd. — Manchester. — “ Colliery Cables: Design, Installation and Engineers’ Club, 6.30 p.m. I.E.E. North- Performance,” by R. F. D. Milner and J. R. Western Students’ Section. The Students’ Cox. Lecture: “ The Cathode-ray Tube and its Monday, January 29th. — Birmingham. —- Applications,” by Dr. W. Wilson. James Watt Institute, 6 p.m. I.E.E. South Manchester.— 16, St. M ary’s Parsonage, 2.30 Midland Centre Radio Group. Discussion on p.m. Junior Institution of Engineers (N.W. television to be opened by Dr. D. C. Espleÿ. Section). Annual general meeting and chair­ man’s address on “ Factory Management,” Wednesday, January 31st. •— London. — At by F. Burgess. Institution of Civil Engineers, 6 p.m. Institute of Welding. Discussion on “ Welding in Higher Tuesday, February 6th. — London. — Brook Technical Education,” to be opened by Prof. Green Hotel, Hammersmith, 7.30 p.m. Asso­ H. Wright Baker, and H. Martin. ciation of Supervising Electrical Engineers Newcastle-on-Tyne. — Bolbec Hall, 6.45 p.m. (N.W. London Branch). “ Drying by Infra-Red Joint meeting of the Students’ Sections of the Radiation,” by W. E. J. Drake, A.M.I.E.E. North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and Birmingham.—James Watt Institute, 6 p.m. Shipbuilders and the I.E.E. North-Eastern Electrodepositors’ Technical Society. “ Influence Centre. “ A Soviet Steelworks during the First of Anodes on Plating Processes,” by S. R. Five-Year Plan,” by M. Lasylo. Goodwin and H. A. Bechtold. Thursday, February 1st.— London.— Institu­ Saturday, February 10th. — Manchester. — tion of Electrical Engineers, 5.30 p.m. Ordinary College of Technology, 6-10 p.m. I.E.E. meeting of the Institution, together with the North-Western Students’ Section and students Industrial Radiology Group of the Institute of of the College. Dance. J a n u a ry 26, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 129 Power-Cable Economy Some Wartime Measures T HE following notes deal By C. C. B a r n e s , system is earthed or unearthed. With three aspects Of Graduate i.e.e. Standard pre-war practice was economy in the use of cables to protect all power cables laid as necessitated by present conditions, viz., direct in the ground by a double layer of data required when ordering ; factors which steel tape or a single layer of steel wires, conserve materials and effect the maximum the former mechanical protection being the distribution of power to new installations ; most widely used for economic reasons. and methods of increasing the power output Wartime demands on steel have necessitated of new and existing installations. relaxations of pre-war regulations, and lead- Cablemakers often receive orders and alloy sheathed cables, with or without a inquiries which include only brief details of textile serving, may now be laid direct, but the load or give an abbreviated specification they must always be protected by cover which omits essential data, resulting in tele­ boards or tiles. phone messages or delays due to interchange There are three standard methods of in­ of correspondence. The following data stalling cables—laying direct in the ground, should be stated when issuing both orders and running in free air or pulling into ducts.

Fig. I.—Current ratings for 660-V p.i. cables. Curves : I. Three-core cable laid direct, armoured and served over all; conductor temperatures, initial 15, final 70 deg. C. II. Cables in air, wire-armoured (left bright) ; conductor temp., initial 25, final 70 deg. C. III. Cables in single-way ducts armoured (left bright); conductor temp., initial 15, final 70 deg. C. IV. Cables in single-way ducts, lead-covered only ; conductor temp., initial 15, final 50 deg. C. V. Single-core cables, unarmoured, laid direct in trefoil groups (bonded at both ends); conductor temp., initial 15, final 70 deg. C. inquiries :—Conductor size or, alternatively, Should any special method of installation be the load to be carried in HP, kW or kVA necessary, or should any abnormal conditions (when the HP or kVA loading is quoted, the exist, full details should be given. Special type of system should also be stated or if the conditions may include the following :— k’W load is referred to, the power factor or Presence of corrosive substance due to the average power factor of the motors should chemicals in the ground ; proximity of also be specified) ; number of cores; type of electric traction circuits along part or all of dielectric (cables are classified according to the the cable route, which may result in electro­ insulant); service voltage; and whether the lytic corrosion; excessively marshy or damp 130 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 ground ; steep inclines, which may require but a higher conductor temperature and con­ stop joints ; presence of hot pipes or other sequently a greater current loading is per­ sources of heat, which may necessitate re­ mitted if the cable is armoured. arrangement of the cable route ; excessive In general, for the smaller copper sections the current rating is greater T A B L E I when laid direct, but for large cables the reverse is Scheme I Scheme II the case, the size at which Load to be carried .. 820 kVA at 660 V. 820 kVA at 660 V. the transition occurs vary­ ing with the type of cables. Maximum current .. 718 A. ». 718 A. Careful consideration Type o f cable One group of single-core Two groups of single core must therefore be given to cables in trefoil forma­ cables in trefoil forma­ the method of installation tion. tion with 18 in. spacing in order to obtain the between cable centres. optimum rating for new Method of installation Laid direct in the ground Laid direct in the ground installations. 18 in. deep. 18 in. deep. Where duct runs cannot Nearest standard con­ 1 -0 sq. in. carrying 764 A. Two circuits of 0-3 sq. in. be avoided {e.g., at road ductor size (Curve 5, each carrying 436 A. crossings) it may be ad­ Fig. 1). vantageous to increase the Correction factor for conductor section at the grouping at 18 in. 0-87. duct run. A saving in centres (Table No. II). copper section can often Maximum permissible a/3 x 660 x 764 = 870 *2 x V 3 x 660 x 436 x be achieved where heavy kVA loading. kVA. 0-87 = 870 kVA. currents have to be carried Total copper area 3 x 1-0 = 3 sq. in. 2 x 3 x 0-3 = l-8 sq. in. by running two or more cables in parallel. This Saving in copper by 40 per cent. point is illustrated in adopting Scheme II. Table I. * If 12 in. spacing were adopted in order to reduce trench work, the maximum In industrial installa­ permissible loading would be reduced to 828 kVA which is still adequate. tions cables are normally subjected to cyclic loadings vibration, which often occurs when cables are and the following increases in continuous installed on bridges, roof girders or near ratings are permitted for periods of eight hours travelling cranes. on load and sixteen hours unloaded. Where Two specifications are at present used for cables are laid direct in the ground multiplying paper-insulated cables for electricity supply :—■ factors are employed of 107 for voltages up B.S. 480-1942 and W.E. B.S. 1107-1943, the to 1-5 kV and 1-13 for voltages from 3-3 to latter being a war emergency standard issued 20 kV. When cables are pulled into ducts, with the primary object of conserving raw the multiplying factors become M 2 for one materials. Unlike earlier cable specifications, multicore cable, 1-20 for six multicore cables both of them recommend the use of shaped and 116 for three single-core cables, the conductors, except for the smallest sizes. number of ducts corresponding to the number This results in a big saving of materials and a of cables. No corresponding increase is small increase in the permissible current allowed for cables run in free air in view of loading when compared with circular-con­ the comparatively short time that is taken ductor cables. Also, the design data given apply T A B L E II primarily to supply sys­ tems having the “ centre- Reduction factors for grouped cables laid direct in the ground. point earthed,” unearthed Circuits Touching Distance between centres systems being regarded as 6 in. 12 in. 18 in. 24 in. non-standard. Multicore cables in tier or Maximum permissible horizontal formation. Two 0-81 0-86 0-89 1 0-91 0-93 continuous current ratings for three-core and trefoil Three 0-71 0-76 0-81 | 0-84 0-86 groups of single - core Single-core cables in groups Two 0-75 0-78 0-83 | 0-87 0-90 660 - V paper - insulated of three (trefoil grouping) in horizontal formation. cables (based on E.R.A. Three 0-63 0-66 0-73 0-78 0-82 report F/T 128) are shown in Fig. 1. It is important to note the higher to attain maximum permissible temperatures. loadings permitted for armoured cables laid When more than one cable is necessary to direct in the ground compared with those for carry the load, or where a number of power armoured and unarmoured cables in ducts. circuits are grouped together in a limited The maximum conductor temperature for space {i.e., in culverts or open channels) plain lead-covered cables in ducts is 50 deg. C., which limits the maximum permissible loading January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 131 of all circuits, the widest possible spacing provement of overall power factor of the should be adopted to ensure that cables are system (which is reflected in the initial cost of run at their maximum loading. power cables and in their operating efficiency); Table II gives standard correction factors use of forced ventilation at sections where a which indicate clearly the large reduction in number of circuits are grouped together in current rating which results from the grouping culverts or tunnels, which will increase the of several power circuits. load that can be transmitted ; alteration of When multicore cables or trefoil groups of existing routes so as to avoid grouping single-core cables are run in free air it is desirable to adopt the 4" DRAIN TILE following minimum GROUND LEVEL spacings (wider spac- ings are preferable), in which case no reduction in the permissible rating of individual cables is necessary. For con­ ductor sections up to and including 19/ 083 (0-1 sq. in.) the mini­ (b) mum axial spacing is

3 in. and the maximum Fig. 2.—Reducing operating temperature of loaded cables originally number of cables in the installed as in (a) by re-laying as in (b) vertical plane is three. For larger sections the minimum axial spacing circuits together, bearing in mind that cables is 6 in. with four cables as the maximum which have been in one position for many number permissible in the vertical plane. No years should not be moved without first limit need be considered in either case to the consulting the cable manufacturer, since number of cables installed in the horizontal handling may shorten the fife of the cable ; plane. When cables are erected on racks one increasing current loading on some installa­ above the other, a reduction in the temperature tions by increasing the voltage drop. rise of the top cable will be obtained by For newinstallations the following methods placing baffles between each cable circuit, can be applied :—Adoption of a higher thereby redistributing the heat rising from the voltage in order to save copper ; laying lower circuits. cables with the widest possible spacing and An experience with the overheating of non­ shielding them from all external sources of lead-sheathed cables was recently reported in heat ; paying regard to the decrease in the American publication, Electrical World, loading in A per sq. in. with increasing copper (March 18th, 1944) which emphasises the sections (Table I) when deciding whether to importance of investigating site conditions use two medium-size cables in parallel in and the method of installation adopted. A preference to one cable of larger copper 600 ft. run of six single-conductor 1-12 sq. in. section. Cablemakers are always willing to 13-8-kV cables, two per phase, was laid in offer every assistance to ensure the efficient sand in two decks with 12 in. vertical and 8 in.' operation of cable systems and should always horizontal spacings. It was found that the be consulted when expert advice is required. lower deck, 4 ft. deep, had attained a tempera­ ture of 60 deg. C at working load. The cables were re-laid in a single layer 2 ft. Northern Ireland Proposals deep and with 12-in. spacing. The trench A T the request of the Prime Minister of was filled with yellow clay (tests proved that Northern Ireland a joint committee of the fine sand originally used had a low con­ representatives of the Ministry of Commerce ductivity rate) and a water catchment was and Belfast Corporation investigated the best arranged over the route, thereby reducing the means of securing effective post-war develop­ operating temperature by 10 to 15 deg. C ment of electricity supply in the Province. The main proposal put forward was for the creation below the value experienced when the cables of a central electricity authority. were buried in sand and dry soil conditions The City Council, dealing with the matter, existed. The water catchment consisted of a expressed the view that the scheme was too 6-in. covering of earth with a 4-in. drain tile complicated, and empowered the Electricity and concrete slabs laid in an inclined plane Committee to obtain legal and technical advice over the cable route. Fig. 2 illustrates the to ascertain whether a better one could be two methods. evolved. The Committee, having discussed the proposed agreement, decided, with one dissen­ The following summarises several possible tient, that no alteration was necessary, and the methods of ensuring that cable circuits are agreement therefore went before the Council being operated with the maximum possible again, which after a two-hour debate referred the economy :—For existing installations im­ matter to a special meeting. E l e c t r ic a l R e v i e w January 26, 1945 Future of Lighting' Service Bureau Plans

K EFERENCE was made by M r . W. J. ing men for the work of lighting development i J o n e s , director of the Electric Lamp and were endeavouring to have matter pre­ Manufacturers’ Association, at a Press pared on the elements of lighting design, gathering last week to probable trends in school, public and office lighting, etc. They lighting development after the war. He was planned a great expansion of their lecture speaking of the work of the Lighting Service service, particularly among architects who Bureau which, since it was founded in 1924, must be taught to make full provision for the had been training men in contact with use of electricity. consumers on sound and fundamental lines. Fluorescent lighting was a new subject. There had been no uncontrolled and un­ The desirable standard of illumination was directed propaganda; the Bureau’s work had something over 50 ft.-candles. With fluores­ been technically and scientifically sound and cent lamps this could easily be attained but as a result it had been recognised by Govern­ a technique had to be evolved. The aim was ment Departments and Committees as a a quality and quantity approximating to day­ broadminded body which they could consult light. They wanted to benefit the worker— with regard to national lighting needs. not merely to save employers’ money—by Mr. Jones said that the report of the securing the best possible working conditions Ministry of Works Lighting Committee in factories. indicated a tremendous market for electric The Bureau intended to expand its activi­ lighting equipment if the recommended ties in a number of areas to provide demon­ standards were adopted. The Lighting stration facilities. It was hoped to convert Service Bureau was willing to sponsor and their Leeds office into a Bureau; there was assist any sound lighting development. There already a Bureau in Glasgow. They wanted was a need for a strong body to deal with to be able to go to the people instead of the technique of lighting and in this connec­ expecting people, often at great inconvenience, tion he praised the work of the Illuminating to come to the Bureau. Mr. Sawyer said Engineering Society. He also referred to the that many good contacts had been established lighting of the E D.A. model kitchens as an by their policy of offering their premises to example of correct illumination values. other bodies for their meetings. M r. A. D . S. A t k i n s o n , a member of the Fluorescent Lamp Developments Bureau staff, also spoke briefly on present At present the lamp manufacturers' research work and future plans. laboratories were busy on work in connection with the war so that the public could not Icebreakers with Bow Propeller expect too much until the war ended. The tungsten-filament lamp would continue in ® N unusual feature of new ice-breaking ships -c®- built in the United States is that in service for many years, but a great future addition to the two conventional stern propellers lay in the use of the fluorescent lamp which there is another in the bow. This is driven by so far had only been developed to a very a Westinghouse DC 3,300 SHP motor which can small extent. This lamp was mainly a British revolve in either direction, reverse rotation being invention but the United States had been utilised to build up a bow wave to assist in able to proceed to exploit it at a much more cracking heavy ice, or in the forward direction rapid pace. Plans were being laid and as to pull water out from under the ice so allowing time went on there would be great develop­ the ice to break under its own weight. Each of the stern propellers is driven by a ments in types and sizes of fluorescent lamps 5,000-HP Westinghouse motor, and power is —but the war had to be won first. The provided by six 1,375-kW Diesel-driven gene­ “ warm white ” lamp was a good advance rators in three engine rooms separated by water­ but there was difficulty in getting the necessary tight bulkheads. In normal, free-running labour for installation and for the full service the speed of the motor must be increased expansion of the development. from the ice-breaking speed of 105 RPM to In conclusion Mr. Jones again stressed the free-running speed at 145 RPM in order to utilise the 5,000 HP available. This is accom­ great lighting opportunities which would plished by means of an automatic current occur in shops, offices, factories and houses, regulator in the m otor fields. although he pointed out that many months When ice-breaking, a torque-limiting governor would pass before they were able to proceed prevents damage to the equipment from over­ with the work. loading by automatically reducing the engine M r . E . B. S a w y e r , acting manager of the speed, which is followed by a reduction in Lighting Service Bureau, said he felt that the motor speed and load. The overall result of the engine, motor and control system results in Bureau could do its share in finding work availability of full horse-power over a wide for the men who returned from the Forces. range of propeller speeds from several generators They were looking into the subject of educat­ in parallel and at high efficiency. January 26. 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 133 ^lodern Publie Lighting Experimental Installation at St. Albans I T^OR the purpose o f com paring the 40, 36 and 45 lumens per watt, i.e., about " visibilities provided by mercury dis­ two-and-a-half times that of a tungsten- charge lamps of the ordinary and fluorescent filament lamp. Fluorescent lamps are types and sodium discharge lamps, seven obtainable in 80, 125 and 400 W ratings with weldless steel standards in staggered forma­ luminous efficiencies of 38, 40 and 38 lumens tion and spaced 150 ft. apart were erected at St. Albans by the Engineering & Lighting Equipment Co., Ltd., which has recently carried out a series of tests in con­ junction with the

Demonstration street lighting at St. Albans em ploying 14 0-W sodium discharge lamps

Northmet Power Co. Each standard carries four different lighting units mounted at 25 ft. which can be in­ dividually switched. All lighting fittings are standard E.L.E. Co. types; lamps and central auxiliaries are also standard products. per W. For both types the average life is Mercury lamps for public lighting are about 1,500 hr. Warming up takes ten available in 80, 125, 250 and 400-W ratings, minutes and if switched off when hot the the two smallest for vertical and the others lamps must cool before they will relight. for either vertical or horizontal operation. Sodium lamps have been developed for Horizontal operation calls for magnetic 45, 60, 85 and 140 W with luminous control to prevent distortion of the discharge efficiencies of 55-5, 65-0, 71-5 and 71-5 column. Initial luminous efficiencies are 38, lumens per W. The smallest size can be operated horizontally or vertically, the others D a t a f o r C o m p a r i s o n o f T h r e e T y p e s o f L a m p horizontally only. Each lamp is in a Fluores­ detachable vacuum jacket, which has a life Mercury cent Sodium of at least three lamps. Average life is Vertical 140W 400W Mercury 2,500 hr. Warming up takes ten to twenty 400W minutes, but the lamp will usually relight Nominal initial immediately if switched off when hot. lumens 18,000 15,200 10,000 Average lumens The light source of the largest rating consists through life 14,800 12,800 7,980 of a U-tube 18 in. long with the low brightness Wattage of lamp of 10 candles per sq. cm., reducing risk of and auxiliaries 427 427 167 Power factor with glare. In its golden yellow monochromatic capacitor (230V) 20 F 0-76 20 F 0-76 20 F 0-76 light the eye functions with nearly maximum Efficiency of lan­ sensitivity, perception of reflected colours is tern, per cent... 75 75 75 Lumens per 100 ft. obviated and brightness contrasts and visual linear 7,400 6,400 4,000 acuity are heightened. Costs: £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. In the demonstrations under mention, One lamp, net (excluding lan­ seven vertical 400-W mercury lamps were tern) 1 13 0 2 3 11 2 12 2 used in “ Orbital ” lanterns with 3 ft. 6 in. One vacuum overhang. These are fitted with refractor jacket, net — 10 8 Lamps used, net 4 8 0 5 17 2 4 3 5 plates embodying horizontal and vertical Vacuum jackets, prisms; a top set of horizontal prisms net — ■ s— 5 8 redirects the upward light to the road surface Energy at Id. per kWh 7 2 4 7 2 4 2 15 8 and a bottom set refracts the lower zone of R u n n i n g C o s t . . 1 1 10 4 12 19 6 7 4 9 light and redirects it to the road at between 134 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

40 ft. and 75 ft. from the standard. B.S. hr.), amounted to £151 for the mercury, test point illumination intensity was 0-22 f.c. £170 for the fluorescent and £114 for the The seven 400-W vertical fluorescent sodium. These were made up of £93 for lamps were in “ Hamilton ” lanterns with 22,147 kWh in both types of mercury lamp 6 ft. overhang. Owing to the larger dimen­ and £37 for 8,767 kWh for the sodium sions of the luminous source, which includes lamps. The cost of lamps came to £58 the whole of the outer lamp bulb coated for the mercury, £77 for the fluorescent and with fluorescent materials, and the slightly £77 also (with vacuum jackets) for the lower luminous efficiency, the B.S. test- sodium types. Capital costs and power point illumination was lower at 016 ft. requirem ents per mile (35 points) were £615 candle. For the seven “ Philora ” 140-W and 14-94 kW for ordinary mercury lamps, sodium lamps the overhang was 6 ft. in £635 and 14-94 kW for fluorescent and £637 “ Golden Ray” lanterns with refractor plate and 5-84 kW for sodium. Capital costs control. B.S. test-point illuminating intensity cover standard, lantern, lamp, choke or was 0-21 ft. candle. As an example of leak transformer, capacitor but not labour, side-street lighting seven 60-W sodium erection, cabling and switches. Tungsten lamps were mounted in another model of lamps of 750 W would have involved a “ Golden Ray” refractor-plate fittings capital cost of £501 per mile and a power mounted at 14 ft. 6 in.and spread 150 ft. apart. requirement of 26-25 kW. The basic data Actual cost of lamps and energy for the for the comparison is given in the table present demonstration, based upon dusk to on page 133, covering dusk to dawn opera­ dawn operation for two years (about 7,500 tion for one year (about 4,000 hours). Television in America Broadcasting Practice and Post-war Prospects T HE history of television broadcasting nation-wide in its scope as the existing in America from 1927 to 1944 is sound broad-casting system. reviewed in a paper prepared by Mr. D. G. British television standards are eight years Fink (office of the U.S. Secretary of War, on old by comparison with the most recent leave of absence from the staff of Electronics) American revisions. In advocating that they for the Radio Section of the Institution of might profitably be reviewed the author Electrical Engineers in London and read by suggests that vestigial-sideband transmission Dr. D. B. Langmuir. be adopted in preference to the double­ The first portion outlines the trend of sideband system and that the number of activity as indicated by the number of lines be increased from 405 to some value transmitting station licences and construction between 500 and 600. The 25 per second permits authorised. It then traces the frame rate should be retained, since it allows evolution of standards of transmission, approximately 10 per cent, more lines than frequency allocations and broadcasting the 30 per second frame rate. A suitable methods, noteworthy programmes being figure to correspond with the American value recalled. of 525 lines would then be 567 lines (= 3 x 3 X 3 X 3 x 7), since in all other respects, Standards of Transmission except polarity of transmission and equalising The second part of the paper, which is con­ pulses, the American and British systems are cerned with present practice, gives a detailed closely similar. account of the standards of transmission The method of modulating the sound governing public service under the current channel still needs much international dis­ regulations of the Federal Communications cussion, but the issue is not a major one in Commission. Stations “ currently operating” any event. are listed and equipment used in them described in four categories (studio, trans­ mitter, radiator, mobile pick-up), as well as Textile Mill Efficiency receivers in immediate pre-war use; none A DDRESSING the Lancashire section of the have been manufactured since 1941. Textile Institute at Manchester recently Mr. F. J. Stevenson said that for too long textile The author concludes with a digest of mill electrification had been considered simply post-war prospects, remarking that tele­ as a question of changing over to electric power. vision in colour will presumably not be a He urged British electrical manufacturers to factor in immediate after-war activity, establish the advantage of driving the actual although its eventual importance cannot be machine rather than the mill. The electrical doubted. Whether the recommended alloca­ industry could give the textile engineer the tion of twenty-six 6 Mc/s channels between special motor and control gear necessary to 50 and 246 Mc/s will be assigned remains to operate his machine with the maximum efficiency and an improved technical service be seen, but Mr. Fink contends that the need which could result in more efficiency from is clearly apparent for a service as truly existing machines. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 135 COMMERCE and I\D 1« I U1 Backing for Export Trade. Brazilian Railway Orders. (No. 330259); "Improvements in or relating Export Credit Guarantees to regulating regeneration in electrically pro­ I N increase from £75 to £200 million in the pelled vehicles ” (No. 340003); and “ Improve­ . ™ maximum liability which the Board of ments in regeneration in electrically propelled Trade may incur in guaranteeing payment for vehicles ” (No. 341679). The first three and the exports is authorised in a Bill which the President last were granted to William Arthur Stevens of the Board has introduced. The Bill also and the fourth to Sydney Slater Guy and William raises the maximum liability which may be Arthur Stevens. incurred in respect of re-exports and for other purposes aimed at stimulating overseas trade. Brazil Buys British Equipment This matter was referred to last week by Lord Woolton, Minister of Reconstruction, Col. Guimares, who recently visited Great who also mentioned the encouragement now Britain to buy materials for the electrification being given to manufacturers to produce of the railway (Central do Brazil) of which he is designs and prototypes for post-war manu­ director, has arranged large purchases of facture. He said that up to date 792 applica­ railway material and car equipment in this tions of this kind had been approved and country. Col. Guimares said that he was very only 30 rejected for the time being. The pleased with his visit and had formed the Government believed that mass unemployment opinion that there was a good prospect of trade could be avoided without sacrificing the between Britain and Brazil being greatly essentials of freedom or democratic principles. increased. As soon as transport was a little This called for close collaboration between the easier he intended to send several Brazilian State, industrialists and labour. While there engineers to England for training.—Reuter's must be greater stability in the capital expen­ Trade Service. diture of private industry he did not subscribe to the suggestion that the State should control Cartel Charge the investment policy of every firm. The United States Attorney-General (Mr. The success of private enterprise depended Francis Biddle) has announced the filing of a essentially upon individual decisions made civil suit in New Jersey charging the General according to the conditions of production and Electric Company and International General marketing. Lord Woolton did not think that Electric Company with “ maintaining cartel this could be done by groups of officials without agreements which still in effect restrain trade in close acquaintance with details and having no the manufacture and sale of electrical equip­ personal interest in the matter. ment.” The suit, which is filed in the U.S. district of Electrical Machinery Traders Newark, alleges violation of the Sherman A number of firms interested in electrical Anti-Trust Act and the Wilson Tariff Act. machinery trading, particularly as regards the It is alleged that the two defendant companies disposal by the Government of surplus electric and six “ co-conspirators ” have conspired to motors, generators and allied equipment, met divide the world into exclusive marketing areas. in London early this month and decided to form Those named as co-conspirators are Associated an Electrical Machinery Traders’ Association. Electrical Industries, Ltd., of Great Britain, and A Committee was appointed to proceed with German, French, Japanese, Belgian and Italian the organisation of the new body; its members concerns.—Reuter. are Messrs. H. W. Cole (Milo Engineering Works), E. H. Crook (Dynamo & Motor Steam Utilisation Repairs, Ltd.), E. J. Ferguson (Britannia A film on “ Steam Utilisation” which has Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), G. H. Holding been made by the Ministry of Information (Newman Industries, Ltd.) and W. E. Lawton for the Ministry of Fuel and Power, has been (Industrial Electrical Co., Ltd.). shown to fuel economy experts and industrial There are sixteen founder members (detailed technicians in London and Manchester. Its in an advertisement in this issue) and invitations object is to indicate in a practical manner the to attend a further meeting are being sent to principal methods of saving steam by contrast­ a number of similar firms throughout the ing good and bad practice. Applications for country. the film to be shown should be made to the Ministry of Information or the Ministry of Fuel Patent Extensions and Power and copies will be available in film An originating summons issued on behalf of libraries. Guy Motors, Ltd., and Sydney Slater Guy for extending the period of a number of letters Infra-Red Lamp Heating patent is to be heard by Mr. Justice Uthwatt A brochure has just been published by the in the Chancery Division on February 20th. General Electric Co., Ltd., on the subject of The patents concerned are as follows:— infra-red lamp heating. It not only describes “ Improved means of control for electrically developments recently made in this radiant driven vehicles” (No. 278073); “ A safety form of heat treatment for industrial processes, device for electrically driven vehicles ” (No. but also illustrates and gives technical particulars 300326): “ Improved means of controlling of installations in which infra-red rays have regeneration in electrically propelled vehicles ” been applied successfully. The company will 13 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 19 4 5 advise, without obligation, on the best pro­ or a total of £1,168. There were also payments cedure to suit the needs and purposes of any of between £50 and £20 and totalling £346 to unni which may be interested in the adoption of officials on the borough treasurer’s staff, and methods of heat treatment in which speed in certain of the Town Clerk’s staff received £350 production and improved finish are paramount in bonuses. The Central Electricity Board features. approved these payments as part of the capital cost of the extensions. Had a consultant been Glasgow Cable Contracts engaged, the 5 per cent, remuneration would Five-year contracts for supply of electric have totalled £45,000. No steps had yet been cables are to be placed by Glasgow Corporation taken regarding the second extension, although with members of the Cable Makers’ Association, subordinate officials would receive these grants at rates showing only a slight increase over pre­ during the progress of the work: Electricity war charges. Department, £500; Borough Treasurer’s Depart­ ment, £125; and Town Clerk’s Department, The general manager reported to the Electricity £ 100. Co.mmittee on the result of the inquiries he The first extension, authorised by the C.E.B. had made with regard to the type and make of in 1940, included a 30,000-kW turbo-alternator cables used by other electricity undertakings. which more than doubled the original capacity. The Committee agreed to take no further In its first year it ran almost continuously fully action in the matter. loaded. By the time the first stage was com­ pleted arrangements had been made for the Thousandth Transformer second, including a 40,000-kW turbo-alternator. It was reported at the last meeting of the At one time 360 men, in addition to the station Dumfriesshire Electricity Committee that since staff, were employed on the site, which has been the start of the Council’s distribution scheme enlarged by 17} acres, making a total of 85 acres. a thousand transformers had been supplied by Included in the new plant are two 250-ft. concrete Bruce Peebles & Co., Ltd. The thousandth one cooling towers, each with a capacity of 1,800,000 is being given by the company free of cost. gal. of water per hr., and six 150,000 lb. per hr. Expressing appreciation of this action, the steam generating units. convener said that a commemorative label would be affixed. The Council had bought all Lighting Fittings for Egypt its transformers from Bruce Peebles and they One of our subscribers tells us that friends in had given great satisfaction. Cairo are seeking an agency in Egypt for enamelled reflectors and glassware electrical Payments to Bolton Officials accessories. We shall be pleased to pass on any Bolton Electricity Committee has issued a offers from British manufacturers of these statement declaring that, subject to the approval goods. of the C.E.B., the sum of £7,800 will be paid in Flameproof Apparatus respect of the additional professional services to be rendered in connection with the extensions Copies of the customary quarterly list of at the Back-o’-th’-Bank power station which are apparatus, both mining and industrial, for to be completed by September, 1946. This which certificates o f flameproof enclosure were sum to be allocated as follows: Messrs. H. E. issued during the three months ended December, Annett (borough electrical engineer), £5,050; 1944, are now obtainable. At the request of T. Jack (deputy borough electrical engineer), B.E.A.M.A. a limited number may be purchased £1,000; P. S. Rennison (town clerk), £400; and for Is. 2}d. post free from the library, Ministry W. Appleyard (borough treasurer), £400, with of Fuel and Power, King’s Buildings, Dean smaller amounts for minor officials. The town Stanley Street, London, S.W.l. clerk and borough treasurer say they will decline to accept such payments. Recently Mr. Machinery Control Annett, who was offered £3,000 for the 1940-41 Hitherto it has been necessary for any person extensions, said it would be “ repugnant and wishing to acquire controlled machinery and derogatory ” to accept this offer. plant to obtain a Board of Trade Licence. The Machinery, Plant and Appliances (Control) Position at Blackburn (No. 9) Order, 1945 (S.R. & O. 1945 No. 6, In view of the controversy at Bolton concern­ Stationery Office, Id.) empowers the Board of ing grants to the electrical engineer and others, Trade alternatively to license manufacturers to an official statement has been made on the supply these goods. Reconditioning is no longer position at Blackburn, where extensions have to be regarded as “ manufacture ” and parts for similarly been carried out. The town clerk reconditioning, as well as those for repair, are (Mr. C. S. Robinson) stated on January 18th now exempt from control. The new Order is that the first extension to the generating station operative from January 15th. was completed in 1943 and the second extension was now in progress. Mr. R. H. Harral, the Conference on Atmospheric Pollution borough electrical engineer, was engaged on The Institute of Fuel and the National work in connection with the first scheme for Smoke Abatement Society are holding a joint the five years 1938-1943 and he received a total conference on atmospheric pollution at the bonus of £3,200. Due regard was paid to the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, fact that from June 1st, 1940, his annual salary London, W.C.2, on Friday, February 23rd. was increased from £1,100 to £1,400. The town The conference opens at 10 a.m. and Sir clerk and borough engineer each received £500 Lawrence Chubb will be chairman at the in 1943 and subordinate officials of the Elec­ morning session when a short address is to be tricity Department received amounts varying given by the Minister of Fuel and Power between £100 and £25 per year for this period, Major Lloyd George. Dr. G. M. B. Dobson January 26, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 137 will submit a statement of the problem and (b) “ Costs of Material” : the index figure for its effects will be described by Major S. F. intermediate products last published by the Markham, M.P. Dr. E. W. Smith is to preside Board of Trade on January 20th is 176-2 and at the afternoon session commencing at 1.30 is the figure for the month of December, 1944. p.m. when the speakers will include Mr. J. Bruce, A.M .I.E.E., who will deal with grit and smoke from power stations. Trade Publications Lawrence G. Western (Incubators), Ltd., East Consulting Engineers Hanningfield, Chelmsford, Essex.—List of spare A membership list, corrected to November parts available from stock. 30th, 1944, issued by the Association of Con­ Cressall Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 31, Tower sulting Engineers, 36, Victoria Street, London, Street, Birmingham, 19.—Priced list (No. 82) S.W.l, not only names individuals and firms giving details and dimensions of toroidal-wound alphabetically with addresses and telephone 50 and 100 W potentiometers for panel mount­ numbers, but also includes a geographical list ing. and a list of engineering subjects in which Applications for copies of these publications members specialise. Copies can be purchased should be made on business letter-headings. by non-members for Is. each post free. Changes of Name Switchboard Supervisor’s Death Exeter Radio & Television Services, Ltd., has changed its name to R.T.S. Electronics, Ltd. An electric shock is believed to have been L. G.Attree & Co., Ltd., Bishop’s Stortford, responsible for the death of a switchboard have changed their name to Goddard’s (F. H.), supervisor, Reginald Percival Hawtin (58), at Ltd. Portobello power station, Edinburgh. He was found lying on the floor in the transmission Calendar house, having apparently fallen down some Bold white figures on a black background stairs after receiving an electric shock. Artificial make the monthly sheets of the Mitchell Electric respiration was applied without success calendar very easily readable. Gas Co-ordination Trade Announcement By the merging of the Central Executive Board of the National Gas Council and the J. & N. Wade (London), Ltd., have opened a Executive Committee of the British Commercial new branch at 616, Finchley Road, London, Gas Association a joint governing body for the N .W .ll (telephone: Speedwell 2935). gas industry has been set up. Mr. A. E. Sylvester, managing director of the Gas Light and Coke Co.. has been elected chairman. This is the initial stage in the reorganisation TRADE MARK of the national bodies of the gas industry, and by it a single voice for the industry will now be APPLICATIONS created in all matters of national interest, IJECENT applications for British trade policy and commercial development. marks include the following objections against which may be entered within one month Little Barford from January 17th:— In the article describing the above station in Brook hirst (design). Class 9, No. 627,488. our last issue we said that each International Switchgear, switches, switchboards, contacts, Combustion boiler has two burners at each resistances, control apparatus, relays and cut­ corner of the combustion chamber. This was outs, all being electrical goods; and parts not incorrect. There are three burners at each included in other classes.—Brookhirst Switch­ corner. One mill serves one burner at each gear, Ltd., Northgate Works, Newry Park, corner, while each of the other mills serves two Chester. Anodal. Class 9, No. 630,760. Insulated burners at each of the diagonally opposed wire.—British Aluminium Co., Ltd., Salisbury corners. House, London Wall, London, E.C.2. “ A Plan for Coal ” Under this title, Mr. Robert Foot, chairman of the Mining Association of Great Britain, has INFORMATION produced a 67-page report to the colliery owners upon the present state and future direction of DEPARTMENT the coal industry. The objective of the plan is fNENERAL inquiries from readers relating said to be organisation for national service and to sources of electrical goods, makers’ Mr. Foot sets forth twenty principles which addresses, etc., are replied to by our Information must be followed ; he recommends the Department through the post. Inquiries should establishment of a Central Coal Board charged be accompanied by a stamped addressed with the duty of applying them. envelope. Our extensive records enable us to reply to Contract Price Adjustment Formulæ most queries, but occasionally we ask for our No change is recorded in the latest figures for readers’ assistance in tracing names and addresses the B.E.A.M .A. contract price adjustment not known to us. We should be glad to have formulæ. They are as follows:—(a) “ Rates of such information regarding the following:— Pay ” : the rate of pay for adult male labour at Manufacturers of “ Senelec ” ammeter; ancl January 20th shall be deemed to be 90s. 6d. ; “ Apollo ” fires, 138 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 Views on the Vews Reflections on Current Topics I N connection with the account given on seats 1,000 and is equipped with cinema and another page of the hard work, tenacity television apparatus, cloakrooms, restaurant, and courage of all concerned in getting the etc.; it will be quite self-contained and will be Fulham power station into operation again available for private entertainments. For a after it had been completely put out of cost of about £186,000 to date the borough action by bombing, there is another story, or possesses what are almost certainly the most rather a series of stories, relating to those up-to-date and best-equipped showrooms in “ forgotten ” members of the undertaking’s the country, premises which will play an staff, the men who work on its fleet of seven ever-increasing part in making the benefits of coal boats. They have been involved in at electricity more widespread and will serve least a couple of dozen enemy attacks and many other useful purposes. As to-day the have been bombed, torpedoed, mined and cost of providing similar premises would machine-gunned. One of the colliers has been probably be double, the showrooms are likely sunk, though happily the crew was saved, to remain unrivalled for a considerable while another boat, which struck a mine time to come, for few undertakings would and had its chief engineer killed, was salvaged contemplate the expenditure of such a sum and recommissioned. Two rescues were for this purpose. made while in convoy, saving thirty lives in one and five in the other. The shooting down of an enemy plane was claimed on yet Farnworth, in Lancashire, is the latest another occasion. town to decide upon electricity for all Another enemy aircraft was shot down by purposes in its “ factory-made ” houses. the gunner of the Arthur Wright, one o f All purposes means lighting, immersion the two colliers owned by the Brighton heater, cooker, wash-boiler and refrigerator. Corporation, during dive-bombing attacks Mr. A. J. Hutchinson, the Council’s electrical to which it was subjected on several occasions. engineer, says that during the gas-electricity The Corporation’s other ship, the Henry truce he has had some remarkable letters from M oon, was sunk in the Straits of Dover people who want to change as soon as in June, 1940, as a result of dive-bombing. possible from gas to electricity; only one has, * * * quite inexplicably, wished to go the other I referred last week to the proposals by a way. town planning consultant (Mr. Thomas Lanark Housing Committee has decided, Sharp) for the treatment of Durham. Mr. on grounds of cost, that its 96 houses at Sharp’s report (“ Cathedral City,” Baillieston shall be all-electric. Architectural Press, Ltd., 45, The Avenue, Cheam, Surrey, 5s.) is a handsomely- In spite of the war, the Bureau de l'Union produced volume with copious illustrations. Internationale des Télécommunications in While it is true that Mr. Sharp condemns Berne has continued to offer reproductions the proposal to build a power station just of autotype engravings of pioneers in tele­ outside the city, he is impartial as between communication. Recently I have received a gas and electricity. His forthright comments note from the Bureau offering the portrait on the power station project are balanced by of Alexandre Popov, the Russian inventor, his remarks on the city’s gasholders which, who joins a gallery including Morse, Hughes, he says, “ are right in the heart of the city Bell, Marconi, Clerk Maxwell and Siemens. close to the Cathedral, occupying a dominant The Bureau is fortunate enough to be able to position in the views from the railway and offer “ 450 exemplaires sur papier de luxe,” the Framwellgate Bridge.” He advocates m easuring 23 by 17 cm. that the whole plant should be removed at the earliest opportunity. * * * Floodlighting “ rehearsals ” do not seem Visiting the Croydon Corporation’s to be so premature as they might have showrooms and offices in Wellesley Road a seemed a month ago before the great few days ago, I wondered whether those advances by the R ussians. 1 have just seen who criticised the expenditure on them at some pictures of Paisley Abbey which was the time of their construction have changed floodlighted for half an hour recently and their views yet. The premises, which were of the Municipal Buildings which were hung started just before the war, were not opened about with fairy lamps at the same time. It until November, 1941, and still await the does one’s heart good to see such indications end of hostilities for the completion (fur­ of approaching victory after more than five nishing only) of the lecture theatre. This dark years.—REFLECTOR. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 139 Technical Education I.E.E. Discusses Planning Committee’s Report

■ AST week’s ordinary meeting of the tion at an early stage with the other parties _J Institution of Electrical Engineers was would have been of advantage. The existing devoted to the discussion of the report of the National Certificate schemes, moreover, all Post-War Planning Committee on part-time conformed to a general pattern, and the further education at technical colleges. (See considerable modification of the one must Electrical Review, January 12th, p. 54.) The necessarily have effect upon the others if a President (Sir Harry Railing) presided, and state of confusion were not to arise. Sir Arthur Fleming presented the report for Nationally recognised certificates in respect discussion. of courses in craftsmanship would only have L o r d H a n k e y , Hon. M.I.E.E., said that significance if the courses incorporated the young people who were to be educated some definite standard of craft training, must be persuaded that the plans put forward provision for which did not appear to have were in their best interests; in fact, a very been made. great work of persuasion and propaganda had to be carried out by the Institution, and Age for Classification he was confident that the plan drawn up In considering the schemes of study out­ with so much sincerity and knowledge would lined for the technician and professional receive the most careful consideration of all grades, account should be taken of the concerned, from the Ministry of Education opinion of the Committee that the former downward. But he hoped that all parties grade would not be eligible for membership would consider it in the light, not of 1939 of the I.E.E. Although not all students in standards, but of post-war conditions, which the present National Certificate courses were called so clamantly for the highest possible likely to attain to ultimate professional development of all sections of industry. status, Mr. Jones thought that the necessary distinction could not, and should not be Responsibility of Industry made at the normal school-leaving age. The S ir R o b e r t W o o d (Deputy Secretary, solution of the difficulties would seem to lie Ministry of Education) welcomed the report in the adoption of an ordinary National not merely because it was a full and detailed Certificate course embodying the broader review of the subject, but also because, instead concepts referred to and common to both of contenting itself merely with posing groups; and Mr. Jones suggested the lay-out problems, it made a real endeavour to propose of such a course. The advantages would be, solutions. He was glad that emphasis had first, that the distinction as between technician been laid on the responsibility of industry. and professional groups would be deferred The training of craftsmen was not entirely a until an age when truer assessment of matter for the educational institutions; it individual ability could be made by the was very considerably a matter for the vested educationist, the employer and by the student economies of industry itself. He had gathered himself; secondly, the number of types of that the greatest weakness was felt to be in course to be provided in the early stages respect of the middle grade (technicians) and would be maintained as at present (the full it might be that another differentiation of scheme suggested by the Institution could grades was required. only be carried out at a limited number of M r. J. C. J o n e s (principal, Regent Street technical colleges and many more students Polytechnic) said that certain types of em­ would be required to travel than at present); ployment now to be regarded as non­ and thirdly, the introduction of the term professional in the electrical engineering “ Intermediate National Certificate ” would industry were accorded professional status be avoided. by other and allied industries. Joint dis­ If an ordinary National Certificate course cussion would seem desirable between the common to both groups were accepted, there several professional bodies concerned before would be little difficulty in agreeing with the final action was taken. He urged the need suggested analysis of the more advanced for caution in putting forward any schemes work into three main types of study (a) w ork­ which tended to harden the divisions and shop administration courses, (6) technicians’ make virtually impossible transfer from one courses, and (c) professional courses. grade to another. When the Institution put forward sugges­ High and Progressive Standards tions for what was in effect a complete re­ D r . W. E. F i s h e r (principal, Wolver­ casting of the existing National Certificate hampton Technical College) said the report schemes, it should be emphasised that there encouraged the present highly appreciated were three parties to such schemes; consulta­ tendency of industry to extend the practice 140 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 of part-time day release. The colleges must professional grade in the Post Office would meet every such concession; but they would have to take the Intermediate National still have the evening students, so that the Certificate course. He suggested that the multiplication of courses might be very amount of mathematics which it was possible difficult even for a local technical college. to include in this course was insufficient to It was for the profession to define its own cover line or radio communication, which professional standards, and there was no might form the special subjects in the Higher reason why they should -not be high and Certificate course. Therefore, instead of progressive; and because of that, he could applied mechanics, the student should have not see any reason why a good deal of work more mathematics. Similarly, instead of in pure science, and so on, should not be heat, sound and light, there might be a specified at an appropriate stage. He would subject labelled “ radio physics.” like to see the professional course include M a j o r H. R. W a l t e r s (Ministry of Labour) the technicians’ course. said that during the war the numbers on the power side of the electrical engineering Difficulty in Selection industry had remained appreciably constant, M r . G. W a n s b r o u g h (director, A. Reyrolle but there had been a substantial wartime & Co.) thought that differentiation between increase on the telecommunications side. the three grades would provide much more The difficulties of re-settlement on the power satisfactory education for 80 per cent, of side were not very serious ; the courses students. At the same time, he felt that the during the war were not being curtailed, and report did not touch sufficiently on the the number of men who had to return to difficulties involved in that differentiation. further education and training was very With the selection of the students as small. O n the telecom m unications side, between the technicians’ and professional however, rather more than half had been engineers’ courses, the lad of fifteen years taken out after one or two years at a would not feel that the real attraction to a university, and would qualify for return technical education was the possibility of under the further education and training becoming a professional engineer, and should scheme if they had their places at the not feel too much resentment against being universities. The real problem was that they persuaded to take the technicians’ course were mostly physicists, and the number of ’ when he hoped to take the professional communications engineers was small. Very engineers’ course. On the other hand, there few of the first-class men wanted to go to must be good arrangements for transfer of industry ; quite a number would take up students, by reason of their ability, from a research and teaching appointments. Another lower group to a higher group. basic problem was that graduates, when they D r . P . D u n s h e a t h (Henley’s) said that so had completed their courses, were put into much was required of the professional research laboratories or into the Services. engineer that it was hopeless to try to crowd They had had no practical training, so that a it into a part-time course. Surely, if the year or two in the shops would not be bad industry required 1,000 professional engineers for them . per annum, as indicated in the report, it was not beyond the wit of man or of the Govern­ Manchester Scheme J- ment to ensure that any capable boy was M r . L. H. A. C a r r (Metropolitan-Vickers) given the proper facilities for full-time referred to a report prepared by a committee education. He would like to see a manifesto set up by the Manchester Regional Advisory to industry generally, supported by the Council for technical and other forms of Institution and the Ministry of Education, further education and the Manchester and calling attention to the vital importance of Salford Trades Council. The committee part-time education for craftsmen and represented employers’ organisations, trade * technicians and of bringing it into operation unions, educational authorities, and the forthwith, instead of waiting until it was Institutions of Mechanical and Electrical made compulsory under the Education Act. Engineers. It did not overlap the report of the I.E.E. in respect of workshop training; 5 Post Office Needs but on the technical college side it did overlap, M r . H - F a u l k n e r (Post Office) said he and it was most remarkable that the two could see very little in the suggested courses reports, drawn up by two entirely differently for the ordinary National Certificate to cover constituted bodies, were almost identical. the telecommunication and the expanding The committee had realised that one day electronics, industry. Courses in technology release per week was not enough for the had been backed very strongly by the Post necessary vocational training as well as Office for many years and a very high grade cultural training and it had based its scheme course had been developed. The courses eventually on two days per week up to the sometimes led to membership of the Institu­ age of eighteen years of age. tion, but apparently the comparatively small Mr. C. Grad (B.T.H. Co.) stressed that number of those who eventually rose to the the part of the I.E.E. report dealing with the 8 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 141

training of craftsmen was the part which Cables) recalled that three years ago the would be welcomed most by the industry. Sydney, N.S.W., Council, in advertising for a But there seemed to be a need for broadening chief engineer and manager, had stressed the status of the professional engineer over particularly that technical abilities would and above that which had been accepted for not be considered so much as administrative the Higher National Certificate scheme in and organising abilities. During the last the past. He would like to see something year or so in this country there had been a along the lines of the present London external trend in the same direction; therefore, he degree, with a broadened and raised status, was glad the Institution visualised that those which would still give an opportunity to the further qualifications would be necessary few part-time students who were able to after the war for chief engineers. train to become professional engineers. S i r A r t h u r F l e m i n g , in a brief reply, said At the same time there should be free access there seemed to be an idea that the report to the universities and the opportunity for proposed to put men into three watertight transfer from one grade to another. compartments. But the report showed a M r. C. F. P a r t r i d g e (Central Technical number of means whereby a student could College, Birmingham) commented on the transfer from one group to another if he had difficulty of dividing students into technolo­ the ability. He believed the proposals in gical and professional groups; it was only the report would diminish the “ mortality ” in the large firms, he said, where clearly rate, which had been very serious, as shown defined groups occurred, aDd the number of by a study of the numbers who commenced large firms in the country was not great. courses and the numbers who finished them. The proposal that the Institution should Dealing with Dr. Dunsheath’s remarks, he concern itself with a National Certificate said that although the professional group course, starting at 15 plus, appeared to be a was normally recruited from the universities, retrograde step; such preparatory courses it was necessary to provide for the recruit­ should be left to the colleges. ment of a proportion by part-time courses, if The new Intermediate courses would give those who had not the opportunity of a much less satisfactory preparation for university education were not to be penalised. Higher National Certificate work to the T h e P r e s i d e n t said that if men could be syllabus laid down in the report. In his own placed after leaving the universities he would college the cut in basic electrical circuit open the universities as widely as possible: theory under the new scheme would be more if the numbers became too great, he would than 50 per cent. The rest of the time would make entry to the universities more difficult. be taken up with mechanics, light and sound. The discussion was then adjourned until M r . E. S. Byng (Standard Telephones & yesterday (Thursday). Rural Supply Costs E x p e rie n ce in Tasmania T HE financial effects of the Tasmanian charges incidental to a rural service, when Government’s rural electrification policy expressed as a percentage of the capital expendi­ are shown in a memorandum which the State ture including expenditure from reserves, were Electricity Commission has recently submitted. 34-196. The difference between this and 20 per In 1941 the Government passed an amendment cent, is the amount of subsidy the town con­ to the Hydro-Electric Commission Act re­ sumers are paying towards rural extensions. quiring the Commission to make its retail Moreover, in only rare instances do consumers charges uniform throughout the State at the same use electricity up to the full amount of the level as in Hobart. This has resulted in a guarantee after the seven years has expired, so decrease in revenue per consumer from £8-258 that the extensions fail to be self-supporting. in 1941-42 to £7-571 in the year ended June 30th From estimates recently compiled it has been last, while the revenue per kWh sold has fallen found that the cost of extensions to 504 rural from 1 -209d. to 0-885d. consumers has been £30,935, or £61-37 per con­ Simultaneously with its enactment regarding sumer, with annual charges of approximately charges, the Government required the Com­ £20 per consumer. Last year the average mission to report to the Minister on any exten­ revenue from rural supply, excluding industries, sion where the revenue guaranteed by prospective water pumping, etc., was under £6 per con­ consumers was insufficient to meet the annual sumer, indicating an average annual loss of £14. charges. In such cases the Treasurer was There are about 9,000 rural homes not yet con­ authorised to pay the Commission for seven nected, and under present conditions the annual years an amount equal to 20 per cent, of the loss on these would thus be £126,000. A Bill guarantees required. One consequence of this now before Parliament provides that where a has been that would-be consumers have limited projected extension is unlikely to produce the amounts they are prepared to guarantee. sufficient revenue, financial assistance may be It is the Commission’s practice to require a given up to three-quarters of the capital cost. return of 20 per cent, per annum of the esti­ Allowing for this, there would still be a net mated cost of an extension, but the expense is annual loss on supplies to the 9,000 consumers considerably greater. In 1943-44 the annual of £105,287. 1 4 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 PARLIAMENTARY NEWS By our Special Reporter

New Generating Plant Mr. T. Williams said that County War WN the House of Commons on January 16th Agricultural Executive Committees were in­ Mr. Higgs asked the Minister of Fuel and formed recently that applications for installing Power what new capacity had been added to electricity on farms should be supported where the selected generating stations since 1939. the supply would result in increased production Major Lloyd George said that the new plant or economy in labour, provided the outlay was which had been brought into commission in reasonable having regard to the use which would selected generating stations between January be made of the supply. The Minister was not 1st, 1940, and December 31st, 1944, was approxi­ aware that proposed installations falling within mately 2,650,000 kW. these terms were being held up by Committees. Mr. Higgs referred to a statement in the The only restrictions on the installation of Press this month that the breaking point was electricity on farms were those imposed by the 8-4 million kW, and said it is well known that limitation of supply of material and labour. the total plant, plus that on order, before the High-Tension Batteries war was 8 -6 million kW. How did the Minister account for that discrepancy ? Mr. E. Walkden asked the President of the Major Lloyd George replied that the new Board of Trade why 120 V “ Exide ” batteries plant to which he had just referred was about which are sold at 11s. Id. were in short supply equal to the increased demand since the war, and only other 120-V batteries of less reliable but difficulty arose owing to the fact that the make and sold at 15s. 6d. were available; whether labour for maintenance was not as great as it there was a price control Order to cover the full was before the war. range of batteries for wireless sets ; and, if so, Mr. Higgs: But the figures I have quoted why was the difference of 4s. 5d. allowed to show that there has been no increase in plant, certain makes of similar voltage. although there has been an addition of 2,000,000 Mr. Dalton said that wireless batteries were kW and over. now in short supply, owing to the heavy demands of the Services, and it was necessary, therefore, Electro-Acoustical Problems to make use of the output, although small, of On January 17th Mr. Attlee, Lord President the higher-cost producers. Prices were con­ of the Council, replying to Sir Douglas Hacking, trolled under the Prices of Goods Act, 1939, said that the members of the Committee and those charged for both classes of battery appointed to advise and assist the Medical referred to had been investigated and approved Research Council in promoting research into by the Central Price Regulation Committee. electro-acoustical problems relating to the Pressed further by Mr. Walkden, who said design and application of instruments in that these batteries were largely used by small alleviation of deafness were Dr. W. G. Radley cottagers in lowly circumstances, Mr. Dalton (chairman), Mr. E. J. Barnes, Sir Lawrence said that he was very anxious to get a fair Bragg, Mr. N. Fleming, Dr. C. S. Halpike, distribution of whatever supplies there were, Mr. L. C. Pocock and Dr. T. S. Littler (secre­ but the best batteries were required for tary). It was not anticipated that the Com­ the Services in a very great and increasing mittee would be in a position to make any quantity. The less satisfactory batteries were recommendations before the end of the year. less than 10 per cent, of the whole and they were better than nothing at all. Organisation of Fuel Industries Radio Repairs On January 18th Mr. Ness Edwards asked In reply to Mr. Liddall, Mr. Dalton said that the Minister of Fuel and Power if any plans the Central Price Regulation Committee was were under consideration for integrating, investigating the possibility of controlling co-ordinating and planning on a unified basis, radio repairs, but there were great practical fuel, light and power in any of the coalfields difficulties. and unifying such production under a single over-riding authority. Major Lloyd George said that the future organisation of the whole of the coal, gas and Glasgow Supply Interrupted electricity industries was at present receiving MJ1XPLOSIONS at St. Andrews Cross substation, consideration and it would be premature to Pollokshaws, Glasgow, on January 15th re­ consider regional plans such as those suggested sulted in most of the south side of the city being in the question. deprived of an electricity supply. A convertor Electricity for Farm Work was destroyed and switchgear and cables were damaged, but the main switch escaped Brig.-Gen. Clifton Brown asked the Minister damage. Two workmen were trapped in the of Agriculture whether he was aware that building but they were able to reach the roof many schemes for providing farm premises with and escape by the firemen’s turntable ladder. electricity were now being held up by War The explosions, which occurred at six o’clock Agricultural Committees; and whether, in cases in the evening, were followed by an oil fire and where material was available and contracts the power had to be switched off at Dalmarnock signed he would now modify the Orders by power station before this could be tackled. which those Committees appeared to be bound The supply was restored in most places by to the detriment of milk and food production. 8.15 p.m. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 143 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Services for Temporary Houses. Sheffield Price Increase.

Accrington. — E l e c t r i c i t y D e c is io n . — The provided for a loss of £30,000, and since then Housing Committee has reaffirmed (after refer­ there had been a second and unexpected increase ence back) its recommendation that prefabri­ in the price of coal. The position was entirely cated houses shall be equipped with electricity due to fuel cost. He spoke of the possibility only for lighting, cookers and wash-boilers. of some revision of charges being necessary in the near future. Darlington. -— M o is t u r e f r o m C o o l in g T o w e r s .—The borough electrical engineer is to Inverness.—R iv e r N e ss W a t e r P o w e r .— report to the Town Council on the question of Sir William Halcrow, in a letter to the Council, reducing the condensation from the cooling said that he was carrying out investigations towers at the generating station. on behalf of the North of Scotland Hydro- Electric Board, and were looking into the Easington (Co. Durham). — E l e c t r ic it y possibility of developing power on the River C h a r g e s .—Further reference to the campaign Ness. He wished to ascertain the extent to to secure reduced and uniform electricity charges which the Council’s agreement with the Ness in the area was made at a meeting of the Rural District Fishery Board in connection with the District Council. It was stated that Horden Bught power station affected the flow of the Collieries, Ltd., one of the suppliers, was river. When the Council considered the matter anxious to co-operate and was prepared if Provost MacKcnzie, a member of the Board, necessary to hand over its supply undertaking said he did not think the question of the develop­ to the North-Eastern Electric Supply Co., Ltd. ment of the River Ness had come before the Efforts are being made to convene a conference. Board. Another councillor pointed out that in the past hydro-electric schemes adversely Edinburgh.—G a s P r o p o s a l R e je c t e d .—At a affecting the river had been put forward. It meeting of the Housing Committee it was stated was decided that before replying to the letter that members had received a letter from the the town clerk should inquire what the proposals manager of the Gas Department regarding the of the Board were regarding the river. Committee’s decision that 810 temporary houses should be served exclusively by elec­ Lanark.—E l e c t r i c i t y C h o s e n . — After tricity. It was now moved that gas should be hearing that the cost of mains, services and used for cooking, etc., and electricity for electric cookers for 96 houses at Baillieston lighting. In the discussion it was pointed out would be £1,661, compared with £2,043 for gas that the Housing Advisory Committee had for cooking and electricity for lighting, the reported that more than half of the housewives Housing Committee has agreed that the houses who gave evidence were in favour of electrical shall be all-electric. appliances in post-war houses, and that it was Lincoln.—C o o l in g W a t e r P r o b l e m .—at a the considered opinion of the Ministry of Works meeting of the interested parties last week at that one service in the houses would make for the Guildhall Sir Robert Pattinson, chairman speed of erection. It was agreed to abide by of the Witham and Steeping Rivers Catchment the decision for electricity. Board, explained his proposals for enabling the Corporation to use water from the Trent as an Glasgow.— S it e N egotiations .—The town clerk recently reported to the Electricity Com­ alternative to cooling towers for the power mittee on a meeting which the convener and station extension. Mr. C. E. Farran, Doncaster, sub-convener had had with the Clyde Navigation who has been retained as consultant by the Trustees when amended proposals for the use Corporation, was asked to submit a full report of a site at Braehead for the erection of a gene­ upon the scheme, and any other relevant matters, rating station were put forward. These for consideration by the Electricity Committee. proposals, he said, had been submitted to the London.—B e r m o n d s e y ’ s C h o ic e .—The Ber­ Central Electricity Board and the Board had mondsey Housing Committee has considered appointed Mr. James Barr, F.S.l. to advise it. the tariffs for the supply of electricity and gas G a s w o r k s E l e c t r i c a l I nstallation .—The for the temporary huts being erected on various Corporation Gas Committee has authorised the sites and is satisfied that the provision of heating general manager to arrange with the Electricity and lighting by electricity would be more reason­ Department for the extension, reconstruction, able. etc., of the main switchboard in the electrical Margate.—P u r c h a s e o f U n d e r t a k i n g . — substation and running duplicate power and The Town Council at its last meeting adopted lighting cables to the switchboard in a new a report on the arrangements for the proposed retort house at the Tradeston gas works. purchase of the whole of the undertaking of the Hull. — I n c r e a s e d C o s t s . — Submitting the Isle of Thanet, Electric Supply Co., Ltd., 1945-46 estimates to the Electricity Committee authorised by the Margate Corporation Electric last week, Councillor W. McNicol, chairman Lighting Order, 1896; the Broadstairs E.L.O., of the Finance Committee, said that generation 1899; the Isle of Thanet (Rural) E.L.O., 1901; was estimated to cost £567,013, nearly £100,000 and the Westgate and Birchington Electricity more than the probable cost in the current year, Special Order, 1924. The Electricity Com­ although that was likely to be £96,000 above the missioners having notified their consent to the estimated expenditure. The general manager Corporation and the Broadstairs and St. (Mr D. Bellamy) stated that the probable Peter’s U.D.C. together giving notice to the surplus of £11,150 on revenue account was company, the Town Council resolved to give much better than expected; a year ago they the company not less than six months notice 1 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 expiring on January 1st, 1946, and to notify the the new scale of charges to householders on Broadstairs and St. Peter’s U.D.C. of this the inclusive domestic rate, with a rateable resolution. In the event of the Iatter’s deciding, value of £20 per annum and a consumption of before June 1st, 1945, to join in the purchase of 1,200 kWh, would be 0-733d. per kWh, and the the undertaking, application would then be price to a power user taking 600,000 kWh for made to the Commissioners for a Special Order power and 400,000 kWh for lighting would be for the constitution of a joint board. 0-66d. per kW h for power and 1 -87d. per kWh for lighting. The Committee had arrived at some­ Oldham.—E l e c t r i c a l A p p a r a t u s f o r N e w thing near what it had asked for, and the H o u s e s .—The Housing Committee is to install electric refrigerators, cookers and wash-boilers in Electricity Commissioners would consider the the proposed 350 temporary houses, on sites at case again should the occasion arise. The Crete Street, Incline Road and Byron Street. average increase to domestic consumers on the rateable tariff would be 4s. 7d. per annum. S u p p l y E x t e n s io n .— Cables are to be laid by the Electricity Committee to provide an elec­ Councillor F. Lloyd said that as a member of tricity supply to two mills. the Transport Committee he did not see how the transport undertaking could stand the Sheffield. — I n c r e a s e s in C h a r g e s extra cost without raising fares. S a n c t io n e d .—Following the refusal of the Ministry of Fuel and Power to permit proposed Stockton-on-Tees.—N e w S u b s t a t io n s .—The increased charges for electricity, further represen­ Electricity Commissioners have decided that the tations were made and increases amounting to Town Council’s plans for new substations in about 10 per cent, have now been sanctioned. Outram Street and West Row are urgent and A special meeting of the City Council last week should proceed without delay. The cost will approved the new charges, after some discussion. be about £20,000. The Council also proposes Alderman J. A. Longden, chairman of the to extend the Norton Road substation. Electricity Committee, in answer to a series West Hartlepool.— S e r v ic e s i n T e m p o r a r y of questions, said that the average cost per ton H o u s e s .—Seventy temporary houses to be of coal last year was 28s. 5d. compared with built for the Town Council are to be supplied 35s. 2d. to-day. The overall price per kWh under with electricity and forty-six with gas. FINANCIAL SECTION Company News. Stock Exchange Activities. envisaged the possibility that at a later stage Reports and Dividends it might become advantageous to form them E. K. Cole, Ltd. — In his speech at the com­ into separate subsidiary companies. pany’s annual meeting last week Mr. W. S. On Government control, the chairman Verrells, chairman and joint managing director, observed that in his opinion the word “ control ” referred to the increase in trading profit from was often used loosely. He considered that £263,401 to £423,124. This, he said, by no basic controls over materials and labour should means adequately indicated the considerably be gradually relinquished, but Government greater output from the company’s factories, co-operation with and co-ordination of industry, which had been achieved with greater efficiency, from which obvious advantages had been and enabling them to fix even lower prices. The could be obtained, should be continued and figures did not include the profits of Ensign strengthened. Lamps, Ltd., now a wholly owned subsidiary. In conclusion the chairman said that the After reviewing the important part which board would give careful consideration to the company’s products had played in the war, whether it would be desirable to change the the chairman turned to post-war conditions company’s financial year, at present terminating and said that certain flexible and broad lines on September 30th. As regards a proposal of policy had been framed and plans formulated. to extend the company’s objects, he would make He stressed the importance to civilian applica­ an explanatory statement at the extra­ tions of the technical advances made during ordinary general meeting on January 31st. the war. The company’s radio interests had The Electrical Apparatus Co., Ltd., states that been broadened to cover not only broadcast its net profit for 1943-44 was £19,856 (against and television receivers, but also telecommunica­ £14,517 in 1942-43). A sum of £5,000 (against tion and public address equipment and electronic £5,500) is transferred to general reserve and the devices. The lighting division, which incor­ ordinary dividend is again 15 per cent., leaving porated Ensign Lamps, Ltd., had the opportunity £30,290 (against £23,405) to be carried forward. of participating in the remarkable possibilities for expansion inherent in fluorescent lighting. R. A. Lister & Co., Ltd., from a net profit of Mr. E. K. Cole, joint managing director, had £127,735 for the past year (against £136,839) just returned from a visit to the United States are paying a final ordinary dividend of 5 per undertaken in connection with the development cent, and a bonus of 6 per cent., again making of the company’s expanding interests. The 16 per cent, for the year. chairman also referred to the prospects of the Radio Rentals, Ltd.—The chairman, Mr. H. F. plastics and household appliances divisions, Hunt, in a statement circulated with the report and the “ special products ” division which had and accounts, says that the fifth year of war been formed to concentrate on specialised proved to be one of extra difficulties, more research and development of products which especially as most of the company’s premises in the early stages did not lend themselves to and the majority of its subscribers were in mass-production methods. With regard to Southern England, where the enemy’s attacks these divisions he said that the directors were concentrated. He was glad to say that January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 45

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WORKS: ASTON, BIRMINGHAM 6 Sales Headquarters : BRETTENHAM HOUSE, LANCASTER PLACE, W .C .2 4 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

TO ELECTRICAL MACHINERY TRADERS

MEETING was held at the Holborn Restaurant, London, on January 2nd, A 1945, attended by a number of representative firms interested in Electrical Machinery Trading, with particular reference to the question of Government Disposals of Surplus Electric Motors, Generators, and Allied Equipment. It was decided to found immediately an Electrical Machinery Traders’ Association.

A Committee was appointed with powers to proceed with the further organisation of the Association. It is proposed to hold a general meeting in London at an early date to explain the aims and objects of the Association. Invitations to attend this meeting have been issued to a number of firms throughout the country, but the Committee is anxious that every concern with similar interests to ftie founder members of the Association shall have an opportunity of attending the meeting. Accordingly, any firm which has not received an invitation before February 2nd, 1945, and who would like to attend, should get in touch with one of the founder members who will arrange for an invitation to be sent to the applicant and also will be very pleased to give further information.

The founder members are :— Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd. London. B urdette & Co. L td. .. L ondon. Dynamo & Motor Repairs Ltd. Wembley. Fyfe, Wilson & Co. Ltd. Bishop’s Stortford. The Industrial Electrical Co. Ltd. London. Magstarlite Ltd. London. The Manchester Armature Repair Co. Ltd. Oldham . Midland Counties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd. West Bromwich. The Midland Dynamo Co. Ltd. Leicester. Milo Engineering Works London. Newman Industries Ltd. .. Yate, Bristol. Oldfield Engineering Co. Ltd. Salford. W. H. Sugden & Co. Ltd. Barking. Stewart Thomson & Sons Liverpool. Universal Electrical Co. London. R. F. Winder Ltd. . . Leeds.

The Committee comprises H. W. Cole . . Milo Engineering Works, London. E. H. Crook . . Dynamo & Motor Repairs Ltd., Wembley. E. J. Ferguson Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd., London. G. H. Holding Newman Industries Ltd., Yate, Bristol. W. E. Lawton The Industrial Electrical Co. Ltd., London.

The Committee thanks Messrs. Burdette & Co. Ltd., Stonhouse Street, Clapham, S.W.4, for the use of this page. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 145 lpsses apparatus were negligible. The Street, E.2; and Doreen Harrison, 46, Menelik demand for sets was greatly increasing, but it was Road, N.W.2. Secretary: D. Gerlis. Regis­ possible that they would not receive enough tered office: 6, Broad Street Place, E.C.2. new sets this year to enable them to maintain their gross rental income. Their proportion of the civilian wartime receivers had not been Companies’ Returns received on the dates expected, but they anticipated early delivery. Increases of Capital Redfern’s Rubber Works, Ltd., from a net General Electric Co., Ltd.—The nominal capital profit of £18,210 (against £19,334), are paying a has been increased by the addition of £2,000,000 final ordinary dividend of 6i per cent., making in 2,000,000 4 i per cent. “ C ” cumulative 10 per cent, for the year, plus a bonus of 2 per preference (not redeemable) shares of £1, beyond cent., as last year. the registered capital of £9,600,000. Morphy-Richards, Ltd.—The nominal capital New Companies has been increased by the addition of £20,000 in 20,000 “ A ” shares of £1, beyond the regis­ Telcon-Magnetic Cores, Ltd.—Private com­ tered capital of £30,000. pany. Registered January 13th. Capital, £20,000. Objects: To carry on the business of Varley Dry Accumulators, Ltd.—The nominal manufacturers of, and dealers in, cores for capital has been increased by the addition of electrical transformers, etc. The directors are: £30,000 in £1 ordinary shares beyond the Sir Geoffrey R. Clarke, W. F. Randall, J. A. registered capital of £30,000. To December Holden and A. Asplin; the first two represent 7th, 1943, 14,802 shares of £1 had been issued, the Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co., of which Oliver Pell Control, Ltd., held 10,450. Ltd., and the last two Magnetic & Electrical Alloys, Ltd. Solicitors : Bircham & Co., Mortgages and Charges London, E.C.2. New Era Time & Telephone Systems, Ltd.—■ Provincial Electrics & Refrigerators, Ltd.—- Satisfaction to the extent of £10,000 on Sep­ Private company. Registered January 9th. tember 8th, 1944, of 5 per cent, debenture Capital, £3,000. Objects: To acquire the stock, authorised February 14th, 1936, and business of electrical, radio, refrigeration and registered April 2nd, 1936, securing £30,000. general engineers carried on by W. W. Wilson (Notice filed January 10th, 1945.) and E. Perkins at Gosport and elsewhere as the Hampshire Electrical Co. Directors: W. W. Wilson, Roseleigh, Curdridge, Southampton: Liquidations E. Perkins, 5, Molesworth Road, Gosport; and R. H. Whittaker, Ltd.—The first meetings H. Howell, Bickleigh, St. Mary’s Avenue, of creditors and contributories under the Alverstoke. Registered office: 1, High Street, compulsory liquidation of the company were Gosport, Hants. held on December 16th at Columbia House, Spencer’s Agencies, Ltd.—Private company. Aldwych, W.C. Mr. H. P. Naunton, Senior Registered January 9th. Capital, £500. Objects: Official Receiver, reported that the company To carry on the business of agents for the was formed in October, 1939, to carry on import, export, purchase and sale of electrical business as manufacturers of, and dealers in, goods and merchandise, etc. Directors: artificial lighting apparatus and electrical Olive M. W. Spencer, Keith Lodge, Brocken- components and equipment of all kinds. The hurst; and W. J. Green, 13, Willis Road, failure of the company was attributed solely to Southampton. Registered office: Keith Lodge, flying bomb attacks. The liabilities amounted Brockenhurst, Hants. to £4,747 against assets valued at £3,436. A resolution was passed for Mr. C. Leslie Walker, Household Electrix, Ltd.—Private company. C.A., to act as liquidator and wind up the com­ Registered January 3rd. Capital, £1,000. pany with the assistance of a committee Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ of inspection. facturers of, and dealers in, radio sets and equip­ ment, electrical goods, etc. Subscribers: M. M. Electrical Utilities, Ltd.—Last day for receiving Toubkin, 45, Waldegrave Gardens, Twicken­ proofs for dividend January 31st. Liquidator, ham; and R. W. Gardner, 12, The Green, Mr. C. L. Walker, 10-11, Park Place, St. James’s Richmond, Surrey. Registered office: 12, The Street, S.W.l. Green, Richmond. H. Warren & Son, Ltd.—Private company. Bankruptcies Registered January 3rd. Capital, £1,500. Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ H. J. Gill, electrical engineer and radio dealer, facturers of, and dealers in, radio apparatus, residing and carrying on business at 10, High electrical and mechanical engineers, etc. Sub­ Street, Keynsham, Somerset.—Order for dis­ scribers : H. W arren, 397, Whalebone Lane charge made at Bristol on December 15th and North and G.. T. Warren, 497, Whalebone suspended for one week. Lane North, both of Chadwell Heath. First B. J. Wainwright, electrician, lately carrying directors: H. Warren and H. F. Warren. on business as the Wells Road Garage at 197-202, Harrison & Co. (Electrical), Ltd.—Private Wells Road, Shepherds Bush, W.12, and as company. Registered January 6th. Capital, Wainwright Neon Displays at 197, Wells Road, £1 000. Objects: To carry on the business of Shepherds Bush, and previously at 14, St. retail and wholesale merchants, manufacturers, Thomas’ Road, Harlesden, N.W.10.—Last day repairers and factors of wireless and electrical for receiving proofs for dividend January 30th. apparatus and accessories, etc. The first Trustee, Mr. P. Phillips, 76, New Cavendish directors are:—S. Harrison, 51, Old Montague Street, London, W.l. 146 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

sons hardened to 32s., British Power & Light STOCKS AND SHARES to 33s. 6d. and Electrical Finance and T u e s d a y E v e n i n g . Electric Supply Corporation to 61s. and 51s. TATISTICS now being published as to respectively. the cost of the war have no effect in checking the appetite for Stock Exchange General Electrics securities. The gilt-edged issues, led by General Electric ordinary shares have made British Government stocks, go steadily ahead. history for themselves by rising to a little The ordinary shares in the best class indus­ over £5 before easing off to 99s. 6d. Last trial companies remain in demand and the year, the price very nearly touched 100s. complaint is still that there are not sufficient Some eight years ago it got up to 96s., but shares to satisfy the buyers. Though the current quotation is nearly the best since the volume of business may not be excessive, the company was registered in 1900. In the investment absorption exercises its natural dark days of 1940, General Electrics fell to effect upon quotations. 52s. 6d. The dividend for that year was 20 The more speculative issues have halted, per cent., to be followed since then by 17^- and in some cases have gone back. Last per cent, annually, of which 7 \ per cent, has week’s capture of Warsaw, and the rate of been declared as bonus. It had been hoped the Russian advance, led to talk of the last year that the dividend would be restored possibility that the war might be nearing its to 20 per cent, and it is this expectation that end. This opened up vistas of a general gives the shares a peculiar attraction in the election, labour difficulties, dearer money and eyes of investment. Dividends are paid once other factors conducive to financial un­ a year. The issued capital is £9,798,000, settlement. there being another £1,801,000 of ordinary stock authorised but not yet issued. The Price Fluctuations former amount of £9,798,000 includes the Notwithstanding the dullness that affected £2,000,000 of per cent. “ C ” preference sections of the industrial market, several useful shares which recently have been the subject rises are noticeable in the manufacturing and of considerable notice. equipment group. A rise of 5s. to 1 \ in M urex International Combustions follows upon similar gains in each of the last two weeks. Murex shares are again a good market at Lancashire Dynamo at 51 are the fraction to 5}, and there is some talk of a possible increase the good, and Consolidated Signals at 6$ are in the dividend. For the last eight years, i up. Electric Constructions at 63s. 6d. are 1937 to 1944 inclusive, the interim dividend 2s. 3d. better. A florin advance has lifted of per cent, has been followed by a final Ever Ready to 45s., notice being attracted to of 10 per cent, and a bonus of 2 \ per cent., the shares by the yield they afford. The making 20 per cent, for the year in each case. return compares favourably with that obtain­ For 1935 and 1936, the company distributed able from shares of similar character and a bonus. The issued ordinary capital is now calibre. Improvements this week have been £1,000,000 in £1 shares. There is a small secured also by Aron Meter, Burco, English amount of 7 per cent, preference capital. Electric, Mather & Platt, British Vacuum During its fifteen years existence, Murex has Cleaner, Crompton Parkinson, Falk Stadel- gone steadily ahead, and the balance-sheet is mann, Veritys, and Ward & Goldstone. On now in excellent shape. The year ends with the other hand, declines have occurred in June 30th. Goodwill and patents have been British Insulated, Callender’s, Henley’s, John­ written down to £1. At the present price of son & Phillips, Christy Bros, and a few others. the shares, the yield is £3 8s. per cent, on the money, in itself an indication of the hope Electricity Supply that the dividend may be increased, either now or soon after the war. Erratic movements in the price of Tokyo Electric sixes do not necessarily imply there is Miscellaneous Matters any marked public interest being taken in the bonds. Last week the price fell 2} points; Home railway stocks have made a this week it is 2 points up at 23^. A single languid effort to go better, but not very buyer, or a single seller can bring about successfully, and Southern preferred at 79 fluctuations of this kind, without his order, is unchanged on the week. The dividend be it to buy or sell, being of any material announcements from the Southern Railway extent. In the Home electricity supply list, and the London Transport Board will be Bournemouth & Poole are Is. higher at made on February 15th. Thomas Tillings 63s. 6d., and the shares of the parent com­ are Is. up at 63s. British Electric Traction pany, County of London, are Is. better at deferred rose 15 to 1215. Lancashire Trans­ 45s. Metropolitan Electrics at 44s. 6d., ports and West Riding run neck-and-neck Northmets at two guineas and North Easterns with rises of Is. 6d. to the common price at 35s., have gains to their credit. Edmund- 0Continued on page 148) J a n u a r y 2 6 , 19 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 1 4 7 ELECTRICAL INVESTMENTS * % Prices, Dividends and Yields »lik ------— Dividend Middle Dividend Middle Price ruseT> * Yield Price Rise Yield Company- Pre­ Jan . or p.c. Company Pre­ Jan. or p.c. vious Last 23 Fall vious Last 23 Fall t{®¡ Home Electricity Ordinary Equipment and Manufacturing Bournemouth and £ s. d. £ s. d. Poole 12 * 124 63/6 + 1/ 3 19 1 Aron Elec. Ord. 10 15 62/— + 1/ 4 16 9 íH British Power and Assoc. Brit. Eng. 6 7 53/9 2 12 0 k \ Light .. 7 7 33/6 + 6d 4 3 10 Assoc. Elec. : « a City of London .. 7 54 30/- 3 13 4 Ord...... 10 10 58/- 3 9 0 Clyde Valley 8 8 42/- 3 16 0 Pref. .. .. 8 8 lii 40/— 4 0 0 County of London 8 8 45/- 1 3 1 1 1 AutomaticTel.&El. 12* 124 67/6 3 14 0 «31. + /- Edmundsons 6 6 32/- + 9d. 3 15 0 Babcock & Wilcox 1 1 11 54/- — 6d. 4 1 6 «10 Elec.Dis. Y orkshire 9 9 45/6 3 19 6 British Aluminium 10 10 46/— 4 7 0 b¡i Elec. Fin. and Se­ British Insul. Ord. 20 20 51* — A 3 10 6 «¿i curities 12* 134 61/- + 6d. 4 8 6 British Thermostat ufe Elec. Supply Cor­ (5/-) .. ..18* 18* 21/3 4 7 0 poration 10 10 reste?; 51/- + 6d. 3 18 6 British Vac. Cleaner Lancs. Light and ion 3 (5/-) .. ..30 30 33/- + 6d 4 1 1 0 Power 7* 7* 37/- 4 1 1 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 11/- nii¡ 4 1 9 Llanelly Elec. .. 6 6 26/6 4 10 7 Burco (5/-) .. 15 15 16/3 + 6d 4 12 3 Mide Lond.Assoc.Electric 3 4 26/- 3 1 6 Callender’s .. 15 20 5f -A 3 9 9 ,M London Electric 6 6 30/6 3 18 8 ChlorideElee.Storage 15 15 87/6 3 18 7 Ufe Metropolitan E.S. 8 8 44/6 + 1/- 3 12 0 Christy Bros. .. 12* 17* 77/6 -* 4 10 2 Midland Counties 8 8 4 i 41/6 3 17 0 Cole, E. K . (5/-) 15 20 42/6 2 7 0 ídesj Mid. Elec. Power 9 9 44/6 4 1 0 Consolidated Signal 24 27* 6* + * 4 0 0 Newcastle Elec. 7 7 32/— 4 7 6 Cossor, A. C. (5/-) 7** 10* 32/- 6 1 1 1 4 refe — d. North Eastern Elec 7 7 35/— + 6d. 4 0 0 Crabtree (10/-) .. 17* 17* 44/6 3 18 7 esté Northampton .. 10 10 50/6 3 19 4 Crompton Parkinson Northmet Power 7 7 42/- + 1/- 3 6 8 Ord. (5/-) . . 20 22* 34/6 + 6d. 3 5 3 Richmond Elec. 6 6 26/— 4 12 4 De La Rue .. 35 40 9 $ — "Ar 4 1 8 Scottish Power .. 8 8 40/6 3 19 0 E.M.I. (10/-) .. 6 8 35/3 - 1 / 9 2 5 4 Southern Areas 5 5 23/— 4 7 0 Elec. Construction 10 12* 63/6 + 2/3 3 18 7 lái; South London .. 7 7 30/— 4 13 4 Enfield Cable Ord. 12* 12* 64/— - 1/- 3 18 0 n West Devon 5 5 24/6 4 1 8 English Electric 10 10 57/9 + 9d. 3 9 2 II ¡E West Glos. 4* 3* 25/— 2 16 0 Ensign Lamps (5/-) 25 15 21/3 3 10 8 Jmfc Yorkshire Elec... 8 8 43/- 3 14 5 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22* 20* 56/3 1 15 6 vafe Public Boards Ever Ready (5/-) 40 40 t 45/— + 2/- 4 9 0 Falk Stadelmann 7* lerc Central Electricity 7* 35/6 + 6d. 4 4 9 Ferranti Pref. .. 7 1955-75 5 5 115 4 7 0 7 31/9 4 8 2 aclis G.E.C. : 1951-73 4* 44 106 4 5 o ante Pref...... 64- 6 34/- 1963-93 3* 34 105 3 6 8 * 3 16 4 alis» Ord...... 17* 17* 99/6 — 6d. 6 1974-94 H 3* 101 3 4 4 3 10 General Cable (5/-) 15 15 17/- 8 a a London Elec.Trans. 2* 2ł 98 2 11 0 4 3 ¡a¡r> London & Home Greenwood&Batley 15 15 48/9 6 3 0 HaUTelephone(10/-)12* 12* 31/6 uraís Counties 1955-75 44 44 111 4 1 1 3 19 4 Henley’s (5/-) .. 20 20 27/6 — 6d. 3 12 9 ‘■jfKri Lond.Pass.Trans.Bd. 4*% Pref. .. 4* 44 24/— 3 15 0 A 4* 121* 3 14 1 (i 4* Hopkinsons .. 15 17* 75/9 B 5 5 123* 4 1 0 4 12 7 arete + 1 India Rubber Pref. 5* 5* 24/- 0 3 69 4 14 2 + 1/- 4 1 1 9 3* Intl. Combustion 30 30 psfc West Midlands 7* + * 4 2 9 Johnson & Phillips 15 15 78/6 6 .«a J.E.A. 1948-68 5 5 106* 4 14 0 — d. 3 16 6 lite LancashireDynamo 22* 22* 102/6 + ł 4 10 0 Overseas Electricity Companies Laurence, Scott(5/-)12* 12* 14/3 4 8 6 , 6 Atlas Elec. Nil Nü 6/9 — London Elec. Wire 7* 7* 38/— 3 19 0 Calcutta Elec. .. 6* 6* 48/6 + 6d. 2 9 6 Mather & Platt.. 10 10 57/- + 9d. 3 10 2 Cawnpore Elec... 10 7 41/3 3 7 9 Metal Industries (B) 8 8ł 49/— 3 9 6 East African Power 7 7 35/6 3 19 0 Met.Elec.CablePref. 5* 5ł 21/3 5 3 6 Jerusalem Elec... 7 5 28/— - 1/- 3 1 1 5 Mid. Elec. Mfg. .. 25 25 3 9 10 aik 7& Kalgoorlie (10/-) 5 5 10/6 4 15 3 Murex .. .. 20 20 5* + A 3 18 0 i i; Madras Elec. Nil 4 31/6 + 1/- 2 10 9 Newman Ind. (2/-) 20 20 7/3 5 10 0 II; Montreal Power I ł 25 - ł — Philco (2/-) .. — — 15/- - l / ~ — tlfc Nigerian Elec. .. 8 10 37/6 5 6 8 Power Securities 6 . 6 29/6 4 1 4 jü» PalestineElec."A’ ’ 5# 6* 38/- 2 12 8 Pye Deferred (5/-) 25 25 33/9 3 14 0 Ransome & Maries 20 20 fil Perak Hydro-elec. 6 7 12/6 — . 87/6 4 1 1 4 Tokyo Elec. 6% 6 6 23* + 2 — Revo (10/-) .. 17* 17* 44/6 3 18 7 niifIPí VictoriaFallsPower 15 15 90/- 3 7 7 Reyrolle .. .. 12* 12* 72/6 3 9 0 0 Whitehalllnv.Pref. 6 26/- •• 4 12 4 (Continued on next page) 10 J.0 * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax. pi' 148 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

Dividend Middle Dividend Middle Price Rise Yield Price Rise Yield Company Pre­ Jan . or p.c. Company Pre­ Jan . or p.c. vious Last 23 Fall vious Last 23 Fall

Equipment and Manufacturing (Continued) £ s. d. £ s. d. Siemens Ord. .. 7£ n 36/6 4 2 2 Cape Elec. Trams 5 6 26/- 4 12 4 Strand Elec. (5/-) 10 12£ 11/6 5 8 8 Lancs. Transport 10 10 49/- + 1/6 4 1 8 Switchgear & Cow­ Southern Rly. : ans (5/-) .. 20 20 20/9 4 16 7 5% Prefd. .. 5 • 5 79 + 1 6 6 7 T.C.C. (10/-) .. 5 n 25/- 3 0 0 5% Pref. 5 5 119 * 4 3 8 T.C. & M. .. 10 10 57/- 3 10 2 T. Tilling 10 10 63/- + 1/- 3 3 6 TelephoneMfg.(5/-) 9 9 12/- 3 15 0 West Riding 10 10 49/- + 1/6 4 1 8 Thorn Elec. (5/-) 20 20 28/9 3 9 6 Telephone Tube Investments 20 22* 5-ft “ TV 4 1 1 Telegraph and Vactric (5/-) .. Nil 22£ 17/3 - 3 d . 6 10 6 Anglo-Am. Tel. : Veritys (5/-) .. 7£ n 9/6 + 6d. 3 19 0 Pref. 6 6 125* + £ 4 15 7 WalsallConduits(4/-)55~ 55 52/6 4 3 10 Def...... n n 3 l" 4 16 9 Ward & Goldstone Anglo-Portuguese 8 8 29/6 5 8 6 (5/-) .. .. 20 20 30/6 + 6d. 3 5 8 Cable & Wireless : WestinghouseBrake 12 £ 14 76/- 3 13 8 5*% Pref. .. 5£ 5* 118 4 13 3 West, Allen (5/-) 7£ 7* 8/9 4 5 9 Ord...... 4 4 85 4 14 2 CanadianMarconiSl Nil 4cts. 9/6 — Traction and Transport Globe Tel. & Tel. : Anglo-Arg. Trans. : Ord...... 8i* 5* 42/- —6d. 2 7 8 First Pref. (£5) Nil Nil 2/6 — Pref. 6 6 31/ - 3 17 5 4% Inc. .. Nil Nil 6* — Great Northern Tel. Brit. Elec. Traction : (£10) Nil Nil 29 + è — Def. Ord. .. 45 45 12 15 + 15 3 14 0 Inter. Tel. & Tel. NO Nil 27 + 2 — Pref. Ord. .. 8 8 190 4 4 3 Marconi-Marine.. 7£ n 35/- — 6d. 4 5 9 Bristol Trams .. 10 10 57/- 3 10 2 Oriental Tel. Ord. 16 10 49/6 + 6d. — Brazil Traction .. 1$ 2 26* + £ 7 12 5 Telephone Props. Nil 6 20/- 6 0 0 Calcutta Trams 6£ 7* 64/6 + 2/- 2 6 6 Tele. Rentals (5/-) 10 10 12/3 4 1 8 * Dividends are free of Income Tax.

Stocks and Shares (Continuedfrom page 146) the front, as M r. C hurchill has said it will, of 49s. International “ Tel & Tel ” at 27 as one of the most interesting post-war show an advance of S2. Great Northern developments. To what extent television Telegraphs are up 10s. at 29, on the victorious will appeal to the man in the street—that is Russian drive. Cable & Wireless stocks are to say, to the prospective purchaser of sets— unchanged. At 125^, Anglo-American Tele­ must depend to a great extent upon the graph preferred is again 10s. better. The stage to which the invention is carried. Such company has declared the usual dividend of questions as these are largely a matter of 6 per cent, on the preferred and H per cent, opinion, but from the manner in which on the deferred stocks. shares in the companies concerned have been raised in price, the general view of what is Radio Companies likely to happen is made tolerably clear. Interest in the radio group is actively main­ Calcutta Utilities tained. The market in the shares of some of the companies, Cossor, for example, and Calcutta Tramways shares are again coming Philco, is amongst the most lively from the into the picture. After being a dull and speculative point of view. The question is uncertain market, the shares apparently continually asked in the Stock Exchange as attracted attention from buyers who are to whether these shares already stand too always on the lookout to pick up shares high, or if there is a further chance of im­ which have had a substantial fall. Market provement. The answer can only be that it opinion has no further explanation to offer all depends upon what view is taken of the for the recovery than this. No fresh develop­ prospects of television and radio when the ment in regard to the acquisition of the companies are able to settle down to peace­ company has yet been made public on this tim e work. side. Meanwhile, the price of Calcutta The reaction, which was accentuated early Electric Supply shares is again 6d. better at this week, was reflected in a Is. fall, to 15s., 48s. 6d. The purchasers contend that in Philco. E.M.I. dropped Is. 9d. to 35s. 3d., though the Calcutta Corporation may not and E. K. Cole fell to 41s. proceed at once with the proposed acquisition Matters of Opinion of the Electric Supply Corporation, the latter is paying sufficiently good dividends It is obvious that after the war many on its ordinary shares to make its shares a people will require fresh wireless sets, and useful investment. Madras Electrics are Is. equally certain that television will come to higher at 31s. 6d. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 149 NEW PATENTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published The numbers under which the specifications will be apparatus.” 14059. August 27th, 1943. printed and abridged are given in parentheses. (566556.) Copies o f any specification (l.v. each) may be A. Graves, T. J. Dawes and Alltools, Ltd.— obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton “ Apparatus for small electrical currents.” Buildings, London, W.C.2. 13311. August 16th, 1943. (566551.) R. Haddan.—“ Methods and apparatus for . ARON and C. H. Vidal.—“ Variable-speed electric glass working.” 8246. May 24th, 1943. E electric driving mechanism.” 10810. (566629.) July 2nd, 1943. (566635.) S. B. Jackson.—“ Variable-speed couplings Automatic Telephone & Electric Co.,. Ltd., of the electro-magnetic type.” 9472. June 11th, C. Gillings and C. E. Beale,—“ Telephone and 1943. (566589.) like systems.” 10679. July 1st, 1943. (566602.) Johnson, Matthey & Co., Ltd., and E. R. British Electric Meters, Ltd., N. B. Coop and Box.—“ Production of electrical condenser E. S. White.—“ Prepayment mechanism for plates.” 16780. October 13th, 1943. (Addition electric and like meters.” 5735. April 9th, to 558714.) (566643.) 1943. (566578.) Landis & Gyr Soc. Anon.—“ Counting British Insulated Cables, Ltd., J. Holland and device for over-voltages.” 17042/43. Novem­ A. Sephton.—“ Section insulation for use in ber 7th, 1942. (566645.) overhead contact wires of electric railway J. Lucas, Ltd., and A. D. Prickett.—“ Electric systems.” 15647. September 23rd, 1943. lamps.” 9280. June 9th, 1943. (566587.) (566562.) Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd.— British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd.— “ Testing arrangements for variable gain “ Electric m otor control systems.” 12500/42. amplifiers.” 10363/43. June 26th, 1942. September 6th, 1941. (566494.) “ Protective (566524.) “ Electric signal amplifiers having arrangements for star-connected electrostatic selective input circuits.” 10489/43. June 29th, condensers.” 8695/43. May 30th, 1942. 1942. (566540.) “ Mounting piezo-electric (566584.) “ Air-break electric switches.” crystals.” 13001/43. August 12th, 1942. 13423/43. August 22nd, 1942. (566617.) (566549.) British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., and Okonite-Callender Cable Co., Inc.—“ Pro­ H. E. Cox.—“ Non-inductive electric resistors.” cessing of lead.” 6340/43. April 14th, 1942. 14698. September 8th, 1943. (566559.) (566579.) British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd. (General H. Pearce.—“ Electric gas lighters.” 15594. Electric Co.).—“ High-frequency electronic dis­ September 23rd, 1943. (566622.) charge devices.” 11731. July 19th, 1943. Philco Radio & Television Corporation.— (566542.) “ Frequency modulation receiver.” 10772/43. British Vacuum Cleaner & Engineering Co., July 2nd, 1942. (566634.) Ltd., and H. J. Whiteside.—“ Time-controlled Philips Lamps, Ltd. (Naamlooze Vennoot- electric switch-operating mechanisms.” 13866. schap Philips’ Gloeilampenfabrieken).—“ Elec­ August 25th, 1943. (566619.) tric connections.” 9203. May 24th, 1940. J. W. Brown, J. Caldwell and C. Hipwell.—- (Convention date not granted.) (566492.) “ Magnetic separators.” 10815. July 3rd, 1943. Philips Lamps, Ltd., and J. H. De Boer.— (566636.) “ Photographic flash-light lamps.” 14892/44. H. Butler, Ltd., and H. Butler.—“ Electrical January 8th, 1943. (Divided out of 420/43.) measuring instruments.” 11223. July 10th, (566527.) 1943. (566610.) Plessey Co., Ltd.—“ Electric power supply Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.—“ Electric systems.” 10411/43. October 23rd, 1942. reversing switches.” 17534/43. February 15th, (566537.) 1943. (566648.) Pulsometer Engineering Co., Ltd., and A. V. G. H. Collins and H, F. Collins.—“ Electric Price.—“ Centrifugal pumps.” 10699. July irons.” 3959. March 11th, 1943. (566599.) 1st, 1943. (566603.) “ Electric irons.” 14640/44. March 11th, 1943. Revo Electric Co., Ltd., and F. H. Reeves.— (Divided out of 566599.) (566624.) “ Electric “ Lighting fittings.” 14311. September 2nd, irons embodying thermal switches.” 14641/44. 1943. (566557.) March 11th, 1943. (Divided out of 566599.) Siemens Electric Lamps and Supplies, Ltd., (566625.) H. R. Treece and R. A. Wilkinson.—“ Electrical C. Cutler and Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical excess voltage protective devices.” 8497. May Co., Ltd.—“ Small electric transformers.” 27th, 1943. (566582.) 16637. October 11th, 1943. (566642.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd.—“ Cord E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.—“ Electro­ connectors for telephone instruments.” deposition of tin and electro-plating baths.” 14408/43. December 29th, 1942. (Addition 10759/43. July 4th, 1942. (566633.) to 560586.) (566558.) Durham Cables, Ltd., and N. Stell.—— R. L. Taylor and Crompton Parkinson, Ltd. “ Induction coils and the like.” 5249. April —“ Divertors, variable resistances, and the 1st, 1943. (566576.) like.” 13155. August 13th, 1943. (566550.) General Electric Co., Ltd., and A. J. Biggs.—- W. Y. Thomson and R. N. Aitken.—“ Electric “ Piezo-electric oscillators.” 7555. May 12th, or gas radiators.” 12010. July 23rd, 1943. 1943. (566515.) (566544.) General Electric Co., Ltd., M. R. Gavin and E. T. Williams.—“ Resistance elements.” V. A. Heathcote.—“ Frequency-modulation 12658. August 5th, 1943. (566546.) 150 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work Contracts Open Contracts in Prospect Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our Particulars of new works and building schemes for “ Official Notices ” section the date o f the issue the use of electrical installation contractors and is given in parentheses. traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee Australia.—March 1st. Western Australian that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged Government Tender Board. Two 25,000-kW inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. turbo-alternators and condensing plant; boiler- Ardwick.—Additions to works, Bennett house equipment (boilers, pulverised coal equip­ Street; R. Broadbent, architect, 4, Kiln Hill ment, economisers, feed pumps, air heaters, Lane, Chadderton, Oldham. mechanical draught plant, pipework, buildings, Bedford.—Adaptation of Castle Buildings as etc.); and 25,000-kW frequency changer. museum (£2,300); borough engineer. April 26th. Melbourne City Council. Elec­ trostatic flue gas dust collecting equipment. Brighouse.—Works extensions, Mill Lane; Spec. 419. City Electrical Engineer’s Office Wood, Robinson & Co., Ltd., silk spinners, (£1 Is.). Wilkinroyd Mills, Brighouse. Victorian State Electricity Commission. Corby.—Catholic school; priest-in-charge, February 21st. Paper and varnished cambric Catholic Church, Corby, Northants. insulated cable. Spec. 44-45/41. Coventry.—Nursery and primary school; Bootle.—January 27th. Town Council. Elec­ D. E. E. Gibson, city architect. tric lamps (Form No. 14), for six or twelve months Dartford.—New printing works, Kent Road; from April 1st, 1945. Forms of tender from Dimond & Co. the borough engineer, Town Hall. Derbyshire.—Extensions to the Secondary Eston. — January 29th. Urban District School, Shirebrook (£2,600); J. Harrison, Council. Kiosk substation, with 300-kVA county architect, St. Mary’s Gate, Derby. transformer and switchgear; also cable. (January 19 th.) Enfield.—Canteen and plating shop, Green Street, for British Ideal Patents; Bowyer & Eire. — G a l w a y . — February 1st. County Bowyer. Council. Electrical installation at nurses’ home extension, Central Hospital, Galway. Hamer.—Canteen, store, etc., Roch Street; Plans, etc., from J. P. Tierney & Co., 44, Dale Mill Co., Ltd., cotton spinners, Dale Mill, Kildare Street, Dublin. Rochdale. Gellygaer.—February 3rd. Electricity Depart­ Hampshire.—Maternity homes, Emsworth and ment. Indoor and outdoor transformers, kiosk Barton (£15,500); county architect, Winchester. complete with switchgear and accessories, e.h.v. Lancashire.—Central kitchen, Longview and and l.v. cable, overhead line equipment, wood junior and infants’ school, Leyland; A. T. poles. (January 12th.) Nicholson, county architect, Preston. Liverpool.—Factory on Corporation land; Orders Placed Evans, Sons, Lescher & Webb, Ltd., wholesale Australia.—The placing of the following druggists, 56, Hanover Street. contracts is reported in Tenders (Melbourne): London.—B e r m o n d s e y .—Proposed rebuilding Brisbane City Council. New Farm power of Guy’s Hospital; governors. house. Ash-handling plant (£7,760).—Babcock & Wilcox. High-voltage switchgear (£4,217), Mansfield.—Elementary school, King George instruments (£782) and substation equipment, V Avenue; R. F. B. Grundy, borough surveyor. rectifiers and control gear (price not stated).— Morecambe and Heysham.—Elementary Australian General Electric. Supervisory con­ schools for senior and junior scholars at Torris- trol gear (£6,098).—British General Electric. holme; R. B. Savage, borough surveyor, Town Sydney County Council Electricity Depart­ Hall, Morecambe. ment, 33,000-V and pilot submarine cables, Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Repair and reinstate­ Spec. 719 (£4,285).-—Siemens (Aust.). Pilot ment of City Dispensary, New Bridge Street; cable, Spec. 720 (£3,041). — British General city property surveyor, Town Hall. Electric. Oldham.—Pathological laboratory, Westhulme Cardiff.—Water Committee. Accepted. Hospital (£3,250); G. E. Hardy, borough Five cwt. electric lifting block (£114).—George engineer, Municipal Buildings. King, Ltd. Rawtenstall.—Canteen, Albert Works, White- Darlington.—Corporation. Accepted. Spare well Bottom; Mitchell Bros., Ltd. parts for the electric pumps at the Corporation waterworks (£345).—E. N. Mackley & Co. Stockport.—Alterations to Heathfield and Woodbank for conversion into secondary London.—I s l in g t o n .—Electricity Committee. schools; L. Yates, education architect. Accepted. Switchgear for three years.—Electric Construction Co. Swansea.—Crematorium; borough engineer. Middlesbrough.—Corporation. Accepted. Widnes.—Junior and infants’ school; J. Holt, Equipment for supplying electricity to factory: borough surveyor, Town Hall. Cable (£798).—Hackbridge. Circuit-breakers Wigan.—Central kitchen, Swinley area; L. (£671) and l.v. panel (£118).—English Electric Lyons, borough engineer, Municipal Buildings, Co. Library Street. M5

January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 7

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ISWOlli Winds cgiini id; 1 1 Ml / ffuftS FAMOUS HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATIONS: iisK The Barberine Dam, in Switzerland, was built in 19 19 -192; at a cost of 57 million francs. iiife The dam has excellent arrangements for sealing the base by cementation through drill ¡h®? holes and for providing for expansion and shrinkage in the upper part. It is So m. high fliEC and 264 m. long, with a capacity of 99 million cu. m. Sill® The Barberine station is one of the two largest stations in the Rhone Valley, near and sjoi, Ti above Martigny, which supply electricity to the Simplon railway running from Lausanne through the Simplon tunnel. It has four turbines producing 62,400 h.p. riiS If St

Wat- bcrs fcffli idd* S0& t 0 fi MEASUREMENT LIMITED I -JM Electricity and Water Meters of Qua I it y

0r .1 Jllfli# TERMINAL HOUSE, LOWER BELGRAVE ST., LONDON, S.W ' M2P E E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

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fai ABSOLUTE DEPENDABILITY.. till

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b y w hich p ow er tran sm ission Part of a 66 kV Transmission Line erected by B.I. for the Malakand Hydro c a n b e m e a s u r e d . Electric Scheme (North West Frontier Province). B.I. Technical Advisory Service, with E over fifty years’ specialised experience, BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD. is at the disposal of Engineers. PRESCOT LANCS. ENGLAND Teleohone • PRESCOT 6571 ’IK January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 9

ELECTROLUX MAKE YOUR REFRIGERATORS 'ELECTRICS' operate equally well s t i l l m o r e e c o n o m i c a l by ELECTRICITY, GAS

or PARAFFIN . . . . Having no moving I A Municipal Refuse Collector driven by a Britannia battery, which is in commission in one o f our biggest parts, Electrolux midland cities.

Refrigerators are B y powering your ‘Electrics’ with Britannia batteries you will effect considerable economy. Because the silent and free from special construction of their cells gives immense mechanical strength, v ib ra tio n ...... these batteries withstand the severest stresses of traction service, <( Built-in 99 and Free and consequently have an ex­ ceptionally long, trouble-free life, which means a substantial cut in Standing Models operating costs. will be available.

LEAD ACID VEHICLE BATTERIES • ELECTROLUX LTD. Britannia Batteriei, Ltd. * Redditch ’ Wore*. W LUTON BEDS lT*W4i 5 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26. 1945

P A T . P E N .

PLASTIC PLUGS EASY TO WIRE

SECURE GRIP ON CABLE SHEATH OF ANY DIAMETER NO CABLE CLAMPS & SCREWS

EXTRA SAFETY IN USE EARTH WIRE LAST TO BECOME DE­ TACHED IF CABLE IS WRENCHED OUT

SELF-ALIGNING CURRENT PINS

INTERLOCKING EARTH PIN

STANTON & CO. 60 MOOR ST, BIRMINGHAM, 4. m,dl^ don« o,

HOPKINSON MOTORS & ELECTRIC CO. LTD. in common with most other engineers are wholly employed on production for furthering the total war effort. On the termination of hostilities they will be in the position to supply: formerly EAST LONDON RUBBER Co. Ltd . ELECTRIC MOTORS Fractional horse-power motors Industrial motors up to over 100 h.p. ALTERNATORS • CONTROL GEAR & OTLIER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and will welcome enquiries for the post-war period ^ LAMPS HOPKINSON MOTORS INDUSTRIAL FITTINGS & ELECTRIC CO • LTD Grangeway • Kilbum • London NW6 CABLE &WIRING SUPPLIES Telephone : Maida Vale 9306/8 WARTON RD, STRATFORD A member e f the LONDON. E .15. (MARyland 6611) & BRANCHES January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 51

Your Additional Machinery

will benefit from

HOFFMANN RO LLER BEARINGS

as has

Your Present Machinery.

bv - - - Smooth Easy Running No Sliding Friction No Appreciable Wear Allowance of Small Air-Gap Negligible Lubrication and THE HOFFMANN Upkeep Costs MFG. CO. LTD. r r CHELMSFORD ESSEX

This ancient declination compass is a beautiful piece of workmanship ; modern scientific instruments of great delicacy and precision embody permanent magnets by Darwins.

DARWINS-TO LE DO

PERMANENT MAGNETS DARWINS LIM ITED • FITZWILLIAM WORKS • SH E FFI ELD

Export Division : DARWINS TOLEDO OVERSEAS LIMITED, SHEFFIELD. M8 5 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

Good Stocks

o f ...

... Romac H .T . Terminals are avail­ able on cards for re-sale In one dozen boxes of 4 . . . or in dozen or gross lots for w orkshop use.

Price list sent on request. Enquiries for bulk supplies are Invited. II.T. Terminals Handy, quick - fitting type; size 7 m/m. No baring of wire, no solder or tools required. ROMAC INDUSTRIES LIMITED The Hyde, Hendon, London, N.W.9 Coal, Air and W ater ROMAC Covered W ire

N ot so silly as it may sound to some of the less technical of us. The coils above are wound with Nylon covered wire. Nylon is “ built u p ” from a dibasic acid and a diamine. Both are derived from phenol or benzol, the latter also from ammonia. Phenol and benzol are by-products of coal ; ammonia is made by causing hydrogen from water to unite with nitrogen from the air. Hence coal, air and water produce a wire with a covering 100 times more resistant to abrasion than that of other w ire in common use. V. & E. Coils include those of every conceivable type and size within the smaller categories. W rite us. |f we cannot supply you now, our advice may be useful for after the war.

These approved and certified Conduits and Fittings are consistently reliable under the most arduous conditions of service. You can specify none better. also TRANSFORMERS AND CHOKES HILDICK & HILDICK WALSALL TUBE WORKS V.* E. FRIEDLAND Ltd. Lowerhouse Mills, Bollington, CHESHIRE PLECK ROAD.WALSALL. sH T iu fle London Stores: 9 Howland Mewa West, Howland St., W.l. Phone LlltiteDfli >225 fe January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5 3 »

m R B r m & n a

15*5 ¿ F o m r m m

ial OUR NEW SHOWROOMS e ' i WILL CONTAIN A COMPLETE «* RANGE OF UP-TO-DATE II ELECTRIC LIGHTING UNITS

Trade Counter : 34, Queen St., Cheapside, E.C.4

AN A pvt or Falk. STaSE^VANN &C0,LTO„Qi, farringdon RD_lcndome.cj

89.42A

Illustrated is a seven-cored tough rubber sheathed and waterproof cable that is

playing its part in helping ships at sea MERSEY CABLES

IERSEY CABLE WORKS LTD.. UMAGRE LAME, BOOTLE, LIVERPOOL Rubber Insulated Cables in all sizes for all purposes where permitted. 5 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

HART S t o r a g e Batteries FOR Electric Lighting a nd Po w e r Installations Specialists in the moulding of Poly­ styrene, Polythene and Cellulose Acetate as applied to the Electrical Industry. W e shall be very pleased to forward any information requested. INJECTION MOULDERS H/RT ACCUMULATOR CO. LTD. (Bureau I) MARSH9 ATE LANE, STRATFORD. LONDON, E.1I Telephones : MA Ryltnd 1361/3 Westmoreland Road, London, N.W.9 branches .t Telephone : C O Lin d ale 8868/9 Birmingham. B istol, Cork. Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester Newcastle-on-Tyne • Nottingham and Westminster

rüËD lîü \ Durawire » you. Er^tz Sub^tute x \ i n Z>us I Electrtal Work ™ ? í / / «ad DURAWIRES & DURACABLES be Sure ARE NOJ A WAR EMERGENCY SUBSTITUTE HE/ITERS They are not a substitute at all in the sense • w w - inwhich this irritating word is generally used. RESIST/INC lOURATUBE DURAWIRES AND DURACABLES have their own ji WIRE LTD. OUTSTANDING PROPERTIES and will play their part in building the New World as they are helping to win the war.

TV MA£Y STREET KJ1IGHTON unit w F f 7 1 BIRMINGHAM 16 BUCKHURST HILL YJT'kVJ.’ry'- m l

Madel u inr u Fouri i i m Types: a TT ALL-HARD • FLEXIBLE . DOUBLE EDGE . HIGH SPEED STEEL Obtainable from all Tool Dealers.

EH156 JAMES NEILL & CO. (Sheffield) LTD., SHEFFIELD, 11. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 55

This illustration shows W . & G . Lam p ­ holders, one of many types of lampholders supplied with and w ithout porcelain interio rs.

A wide and compre­ hensive range of electrical accessories is available to con­ sumers for National Service.

WARD&GOLDSTONE Lt d . P e n d l e t o n . M a n c h e s t e r 6 . E5TABLISHEO ove« H ALP A CENTUOY

Ini ir VULCANIZERS REPAIRING & JOINTING E le c tric C A B LE S

The Harvey Frost (HF) Process of repairing and jointing Electric Cables maintains them in efficient service and extends their life. HF Electric Vulcanizers are specially designed for this work and a full range of Moulds is available for Cables of the widest variety. Heat is automatically con­ trolled by thermostat, correct tem­ perature being indicated by pilot light.

Write for particulars.

HARVEY FROST & CO. LTD. BISHOP’S STORTFORD, HERTS. Telephone : 700 5 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

He is the man who has to use the tools you provide and he knows their merits. There is a Flextol machine for every job, — Filing, ZIZCT PJC ¿.AMP Grinding, Scurfing, Polishing, Flexible Disc Grinding, Screw D riving, N ut Setting, etc. LOCKS Send for Catalogue No. F 22. No unauthorised person can remove electric light bulbs when once they are fitted with Lox-AII Locks, which prevent theft and reduce breakages . . . they can be used with all bayonet- ^ - ^ o c t b C type lamp holders and the first cost POWER-DRIVEN HAND TOOLS ~ is the last cost. ^err/e/Ef/ev^ Lox-AII Locks are extensively used by Government Departments, Municipalities, Public Utility Com­ panies and Industry generally.

Sales Representative : PERCY PHILLIPSON, 169, Piccadilly, London, W .l. Telephone: Regent 1900. Manufactured and Marketed by C E L E S T I O N LTD. London Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Kingston 5656.

1945— Is this the year?

Peace in Europe— happy prospect, yes: but soon it’ll be on top of us, a fact that leaves little breathing space for the industrialist caught unprepared. Already the Government is releasing technicians and designers in preparation for the great switch-over. Industries, too, would do well now to release a little of their attention to con­ sider the immense effect that the new war-tested aluminium alloys will be having on post-war industry. If you would like to know just how they could influence the character of your products write to us.

We can give you FACTS about Aluminium

NORTHERN ALUMINIUM CO. LTD.

b a n b u r y . o x o n M akers of NO R A L products January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 57

The Isle that G rew from the Sea A little land above the surface of and the high reputation of the sea ; white surf and leaning Philips products are broad- palms . . . but underneath, out based on persistent research, o f sight, the foundations go skilled technicians, highly- down deep and wide to the bed developed factories and long- o f the ocean. accumulated knowledge and So, too, with great industrial experience of the application of organisations like that of electricity to the needs of the Philips. Their achievements modern world.

PHILIPS’ PHILIPS LAMPS ★ RADIO * X-RAY

COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

AND ALLIED ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS

PHILIPS LAMPS LIMITED CENTURY HOUSE, SHAFTESBURY AVENUE, LONDON. W.C.2 (iOOPl 5 8 E l e c t r ic a l R e m e w Januir y 26, 194?

BRIGHT STEEL HEXAGON NUTS Guaranteed SOLDER TAGS Accuracy to Aircraft Produced on latest types Standard of automatics. All sizes and p . threads. W e are in a pos­ ition to offer good delivery. Prices on application. A VISLOK ENGINEERING LTD. A.I.D. Fully Approved H w HAM PTON WORKS MARKET [ STAM PI NGS) T L I M I T E D HARBOROUGH PRESS W O R K \JJ/ EXPERTS Phone: 2245 (3 lines) TW YNING ROAD, STIRCHLEY, BIRMINGHAM Tel.: King’s N orton 2281 (2 lines). Grams : Raciagills, B’ham

Natural In all Grades and Qualities, Stove Micas, Piates, Washers, Commutator Seg­ MIGA ments, Condenser Films, etc. Moulding, Commutator. Flex­ ible, Heat-resisting Qualities. Commutator Rings, Spools, MIGANITE Tubes, etc. Mouldings of any shape or form. Tubes, Places, W ashers, Sheets In all thicknesses, BAKELITE e tc . SEJD TO THE 3LUUFACTFHEB.S JiM ïG .ét& n. The BIRMINGHAM MICA Co. Ltd. Û & b u , South Road, Hockley, Birmingham Telegram ! 1 " Insulation, Phone Birm ingham." ÿ i i d i o - Phone : JTorthem 0118. ^P êatlft^pn. USE

HOH**S 5 i r o n G R E ' f On A!R M /N K T R T List — for speedy and Mads by The London Platinum Screw Mif. Co , Ltd I SOLE SALES AGENTS economical production ELCORDIA LIMITED Send ui your enquiries 2 Carton St., Westminster, London, S.W.1 MONMER FOUNDRY LTD. Telephone : ABBEY 4266 ST. ANNES ROAD, W1LLENHALL, STAFFS January 26, 1945 F l l c iiu c a l R e v ie w 59

OF RELIABLE SERVICE 1 7 Y E A R S IN THE DISTRIBUTION CM A Cables o f ELM A Lamps RELIABLE ACCM r J ELECTRIC ASCM Conduits SUPPLIES ELF A Fittings BEAMA Heating and Cooking Appliances Ironclad and Branch Switchgear Accessories in General WE HANDLE HIGH-CLASS MATERIAL ONLY OUR ADDRESSES : LIVERPOOL MANCHESTER CARLISLE BIRKENHEAD 1-9 Stanley St. 3a, Norfolk St. Paternoster 94 Chester St. Pall Mall Row DOW NES & DAVIES

THE

- N A D A R * * ► CIRCUIT BREAKER Supersedes ordinary Switches and Fuses. Fully Automatic, Free Handle Pattern. Safe Rating up to IS amperes, 2S0volts. Instantaneous overload trip or time lag overload trip or shunt trip.

▼

WRITE FOR PUBLICATION No. 920 KINGSBURY WORKS, THE HYDE PAWER EQUIPMENT HENDON • LONDON, N.W.» r C O M PA N Y ______LIM ITED | 6 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 “MACINTYRE” H I G H-GRADE ELECTRICAL PORCELAINS—

are competitive in price, but their superiority in quality, accuracy and efficiency ensure a very REAL REDUCTION in the cost of assembly, etc.

The increasing demand for these PORCELAINS has neces­ INSULATE WITH sitated considerable alterations to premises and plant which SOLID RUBBER will greatly facilitate production and service. In applying the rubber tape under tension (after first removing the red protective interleaving cloth) each layer Enquiries solicited fuses to the other to form one piece of SOLID yet flexible rubber. A single layer withstands more than JAMES MACINTYRE & GO. LTD. 5,000 volts. BURSLEM From all Electrical Wholesalers & Factors Pioneer Producers of Electrical Manufactured by ROTUNDA LIM ITED ------Po rcelains------Denton, Manchester, England

BAKELITE------* P ^ A 1 N I Ä PRESSURE MOULDINGS AND ------ERINOID T O A N Y TURNINGS Die Castings SPECIFICATION BASIC METALS - FREDERICK W. EVANS LTD. ALUMINIUM, ZIN C,TIN AND LEAD PLASTIC WORKS LONG ACRE, BIRMINGHAM 7 TELEPH O N E : EASt 1286 A 1287

“METWAY" I NSU LATING BEADS W r it e for

h u U„i "Hill 'jwilm Porcelain Accessories W r ite f o r Treatise on Die Castings LIST No. NC30 E.R. SPARKLETS LIMITED Special Prices to Manufacturers Dept. 3 6 , LONDON, N.18 MFTWflV e le c tr ic a l I Tn KING STREET FOUNDED 1896 lilLliiHI industries LIU. Brighton i January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 61 Standardise on DENNIS Ætided C O D W I N ELECTRIC PUMPS

t y p e a .i . e . PATENTED ELECTEIO PUMP Is one of a range particularly useful . j . - , - , where light ind efficienc duty Is required. It has a capacity of 250 G P H to a head of 80 feet and is fitted with Totally enclosed N.P.L. APPROVED for CATECORY D.C.3 Self-oiling Mechanism with BA LL BEABIHGS throughout Perfection in Design — Reliability in Service Other special features Include non-corrodlble GUI-METAL PUMP BODY. STAIRLESS STEEL PISTO* BOD and also AUTOMATIC GLAKD ADJUSTMENT which reduces friction G. P. D EN N IS LIM ITED to a minimum. W rite for fully Illustrated lists, prices and Specialists in Switchboards, Control Panels, enerous discounts of the comprehensive range of Godwin tlectrlc Pumps and W ater Systems. Switch Fuses, Distribution Boards, Fuses, etc. I T ST. MICHAELS STREET, CHESTER • I » Telephone 3763/4 LONDON OFFICE : ABFORD HOUSE, WILTON RD„ S.W.I Telephone : Victoria 5780

RCSISTRNCe NCTS 5RS8£^%80&ñ5&&i!^£áSSSB!&3BSQ COPPER & BRASS WIRE s STRIP IN ADDITION PLAINS TINNED TO A COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF STANDARDISED SIZES, SPECIAL TYPES ARE MADE AT SHORT NOTICE

Send particulars of your requirements ALWAYS IN STOCK to our Technical Service Dept. IMMEDIATE DELIVERIES 6 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 WEIR f e e d ; r e g u l a t o r s ensure stead/ continuous feeding at all loads and maintain boiler water level between pre-determined limits. Continuous opera­ A s soon as conditions permit, our tion. Immediate response. full range of ‘ Crescent ’ port­ V able and inset fires will reappear. N O SPRIN G S Just now we are helping to ‘turn r on the heat ’ in other directions. NO THERMOSTATS Distinguished Design NO DIAPHRAGMS Proved Efficiency Write for Reprint No. 13 “ Boiler Feed Regulators ” MlTCHtLL fLKTKIC G. & J. W EIR LTD LIMITED 88-90, TENNANT STREET, CATHCART • GLASGOW • S4 Tel.: MIDIand 3096 B IR M IN G H A M 15

SPRING OPERATED USED BY MANY LEADING ELECTRICAL FIRMS

CABLE

DRUMS FAN DISC LOCK NUT VIBRATION PROOF This nut holds locked on one *-hread against all vibration. Only a fraction of the cost, space and weight ot solid nuts. A ll sizes. A ll threads. R.H. and L.H.

A ll sizes and types of self-winding S E N D F O R S A M P L ES & Interesting literature. drums supplied for electrical cable or pressure hose.

Our experience is at your disposal. Quotations promptly upon receipt of particulars of your requirements. The NEWEY ENGINEERING CO. LTD. BROOK ST., NOTTINGHAM

Telegram s: “ N ew b eck, N o ttm .” Phone: 41045/6 N o ttm . NORTH WOOD ST., ST PAUL‘S. BIRMINGHAM 3 w

January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

he place

is damp and dirty . . .

is your motor.

It is the Parkinson “ Klosd ” fan- unusual motors, can be obtained w ith cooled Motor. It has the virtue of remarkable ease and speed. keeping cool while keeping out damp With the Parkinson flow production system and dust. And it does it exceptionally standardised parts and sub-assemblies are well. Being a Parkinson Motor that is not always kept stored and ready. Final assembly extraordinary. But what is extraordinary of any required type is quickly completed is that the special motor is one of over if the motor is not a stock item. In this 2,000 types in the standard Parkinson way Crompton Parkinson can give you a range. It, and other very much more service that is as good as the motor itself.

cRomPTonw PRRKinson LIMITED

ELECTRA HOUSE. VICTORIA EMBANKMENT. LONDON, W . C . 2 . o n d Branches

L 6 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

BATTERY MAINS MAINS RESTORED ß A T T € R Y FLOATING FAILURE R €C H A R O €D

CONSTANT VOLTAGE RECTIFIER EQUIPMENT

fw ï u àe nntn ù atfeJu eé

In addition to compensating for load variations, the “ W estat” Constant Voltage Rectifier Equip­ ment will maintain the output voltage between limits of ± 1% at constant load for mains variations of ± 10%. After a mains failure, when the battery voltage is low, the “ W estat” auto­ Typical 1,200 w att " W escac matically prorides ajlfairly heavy charge, which supplied to the Southern Railway for floating batteries tapers as the voltage reaches the specified level. WESTINGHOUSE

Write for descriptive pamphlet No. 11

WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE & SIGNAL Co., Lt d . Pew H ill House, C h i ppe n h a m , Wi I bs. K ^ an U a ' y 2 6 , 1 945 Electrical Review 65

BRITANNIC

CABLES

AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY, MAKERS OF E.H.T.

AND L.T. PAPER MAINS CABLES, VARNISHED CAMBRIC

C.T.S. M INING TRAIL!NG,'„'‘IVERITE” INSULATED CABLES

AND THERM OPLASTIC CABLES (P.V.C.)

BRITANNIC ELECTRIC CABLE & CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD. IVER, BUCKS Telephone: IVER 491 ; Telegrams: " BRITANNIC, IVER ”

AIR-CO O LE D AND OIL IMMERSED 0-50 kVA

Also SWITCHBOARDS and GENERAL

POWER EQUIPMENT . .

MANUFACTURED and SUPPLIED

Special units designed and built for any | | | M application THE NELSON ENGINEERING CO. LTD. NETHERFIELD WORKS, NELSON, LANCS. PHONE IS45-6 6 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

The Turn of the Tide

DIM-OUT CHART FOR FEBRUARY

6-15 630 6-45

Reproduced from the Nautical Almanac by per­ itTimes shown are those mission of the Controller of H.M . Stationery Office for the London area.

It is in February that already month, however, blinds must be we feel the approach of spring. drawn for over 364 hours. Better weather is ahead, the dark Good lighting is still of the days of winter are receding. greatest importance in keeping up In the industrial field, February spirits and keeping down strain heralds the narrowing of the dim- and fatigue. Osram can do much out chart, but during the shortest to help.

S r & C

PRODUCT

THE WONDERFUL LAMP Advt. of The General Electric Co. Ltd., Magnet House, King sway, London, IF.Çju January 26, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 67 -Cl a s s i f i e d ADVERTISEMENTS' A D V E R T IS E M E N T S for REPLIES TO advertisements published under a Friday’s issue are acœotéd T o , “ . g Mondav -i * n.4™. if p i! UP to First post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular M onday, at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc­ tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the (f* l 'V^ G E ,for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW. Letters of applicants in minim.,™ o r * ! ’.)prox' 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be 30/- per inch, with a minimum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be the advertisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, ^i^Hditional c^ar6e of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELEC TR IC A L REV IEW , Dorset House, Stam­ SIT U A T IO N S W A N TED . — Three insertions ford Street, London, S .E .l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELEC TRIC A L two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. R EV IEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.

SITUATIONS VACANT COUNTY BOROUGH OF SWANSEA None of the vacancies for women advertised in these Electricity Department columns relates to a woman between 18 and 41 unless such woman (a) has'living with her a child of hers under the age of 14. or (6) is registered under the Blind Persons Acts, Appointment of Mechanical Maintenance Engineer or (c) has a Ministry of Labour permit to allow her to obtain employment by individual effort. A PPLICATIONS are invited for the above position from qualified engineers not over 45 years of age. Applicants must have had a first-class practical train­ BOROUGH OF STOCKTON-ON-TEES ing as mechanical engineers and experience in large, modern power stations employing pulverised fuel. It will Appointment of General Manager and Engineer of the be considered an advantage if applicants have electro­ Electricity Department technical knowledge and experience, corporate member­ ship of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and/or A PPLICATIONS are invited for this appointment from Electrical Engineers. qualified Electrical Engineers, preferably not exceed­ The salary will be in accordance with Grade 5. Gass J ing 45 years of age. with considerable experience in the of the N .J.B . Schedule of Salaries (at present £583 rising management and administration of an electricity under­ to £612 per annum). Applicants must have had actual taking. experience in the whole of the mechanical maintenance of The salary will be at the rate of £850 per annum, plus a large power station, including boilers, coal pulverising cost of living bonus (at present fixed at £33 16s. per equipment, turbines and all auxiliary plant wherever annum). situated in the Station. The person appointed will be The appointment will be terminable by three months’ responsible to the Station Superintendent for preparing notice by either party, and is subject to the provisions of and maintaining a complete programme of repairs and the Local Government Superannuation Act. 1937. The maintenance. person appointed will be required to pass a medical The appointment will be subject to the provisions of the examination. Local Government and Other Officers Superannuation Forms of application will not be issued, but applicants Act, 1937. and the successful candidate will be required should give particulars of age. present position and duties, to pass a medical examination. salary, past service, and all other essential information, Applications, which must be made on a prescribed including applicant’s position with regard to liability for form obtainable from the Borough Electrical Engineer National Service. and Manager, Guildhall. Swansea, together with copies of Applications, accompanied by copies of three recent not more than three recent testimonials, must be delivered testimonials, must be addressed to the undersigned and to the undersigned not later than Saturday, the 3rd delivered in sealed envelopes endorsed ‘‘ Electricity General February. 1945. Manager and Engineer.” not later than first post on Wednesday, 7th February. 1945. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, is prohibited Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will disqualify. and will be a disqualification. ERIC BELLINGHAM. T. B. BOWEN. Barclays Bank Chambers. Town Clerk. Guildhall. Town Clerk. Stockton -on -Tees. Swansea. 10th January. 1945. 1272 14th January. 1945. 1297

BOROUGH OF ERITH BOROUGH OF CHEPPING WYCOMBE (HIGH WYCOMBE) Electricity Department Electricity Department Appointment of Mains Superintendent Chief Accountancy Assistant A PPLICATIONS are invited from Engineers who have had a sound technical training together with practical experience on the installation and operation of H.T. and PPLICATIONS are invited for the appointment of L.T. underground distribution systems and equipment. Corporate or Graduate Membership of the Institution A Chief Accountancy Assistant, in the Electricity of Electrical Engineers or equivalent qualifications essen­ Department, at a salary of £330-15-375, per annum, plus tial. Salary will be in accordance with N .J.B . Schedule War Bonus (at present £49 8s. 0d.). The commencing Class F, Grade 4 (at present £550 16s.). salary will be fixed according to experience. The appointment will be subject to the provisions of Candidates must have had a wide experience in electri­ the Local Government Superannuation Act, 1937. and city finance, and accounts. The appointment will be sub­ the person appointed will be required to pass a medical ject to Council's Conditions of Service, and to Local examination. Government Superannuation Act. 1937. and will be Application forms and particulars of the appointment terminable by one month’s notice on either side. The may be obtained from E. A. Logan, M.Inst.C.E., M .I.E.E., successful candidate will be required to undergo a medical Borough Electrical E n g in e e r and Manager, Electricity examination. House, Erith. Kent, and must be returned by Monday, Applications, stating age. experience, and qualifications, accompanied by copies of two recent testimonials, should thC ^ r i n g me?trfcr1 dlActlv or indirectly will disqualify. reach the undersigned not later than the 8th February, J. A. CROMPTON. 1945. Council Offices. Kent Town Clerk' H. ROBSON. Frogmoor. * Borough Electrical Engineer." Bexley Road. Erith, I '1 "1 ' 1303 January. W o . High Wycombe. 1325 68 (,Supplement) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

CITY AND COUNTY BOROUGH OF CARLISLE COUNTY BOROUGH OF BOLTON EDUCATION COMMITTEE Electricity Department Municipal Technical College (Principal : J. W. Simpkin. M.Sc.) Appointment of Charge Engineer and Switchboard Attendant A PPLICATIONS are invited for appointment to the permanent staff of the Engineering Department of PPLICATIO NS are invited from suitable candidates a full-time Lecturer with special responsibility for Elec­ A for the following positions at the Willow Holme trical Engineering: duties to begin on 1st May. Power Station: — Applicants should be well qualified to teach Electrical Shift Charge Engineer Engineering subjects to Higher National Certificate, stan­ Candidates must have had a sound practical and tech­ dard. Industrial and some previous teaching experience nical training in mechanical and electrical engineering and are essential. m n , experience in the operation of modern high pressure boiler Salary according to the Burnham Technical Scale, with and turbo-alternator plants. an addition for special responsibility (at present £43 per Applicants should be Corporate Members of the Insti­ annum), plus war bonus (at present £52 per annum). tution of Electrical Engineers and/or Institution of Allowances will be made for approved industrial and Mechanical Engineers or possess qualifications of an equiva­ teaching experience. lent standard. Application forms and further particulars may be had Salary and conditions of service will be in accordance from the undersigned, to whom completed applications with the N.J.B. Agreement, Class H. Grade 8 (present should be returned on or before 5th February, 1945 salary £433 per annum). JOHN A. COX. Education Offices, Director of Education. Switchboard Attendant Bolton. Lancs. 1305 Candidates should hold a technical qualification or show that they are in course of obtaining qualification for Associated Municipal Electrical Engineers Corporate Membership of the Institution of Electrical (Great Britain and Ireland) Engineers. and Experience with a manufacturer of power station elec­ The Electrical Power Engineers' Association trical equipment or with an Electricity Supply Authority in a modern Power Station Control Room is essential. Salary and conditions of service will be in accordance NOTICE with N.J.B. Agreement, Class H, Grade 9a (present salary Stockton-on-Tees Corporation £326 per annum). Appointment of Engineer and Manager

The appointments will be subject to the provisions of r p H E Standing Joint Committee of the above Associa- the Local Government and Other Officers' Superannuation -*- tions desire to point out that the above advertised Act. 1937, and the successful candidates will be required post is not in accordance with Clause 10 of the Agreement to m ss a medical examination. made by the National Joint Committee of Local Authori­ Applications, giving age, details of training and experi­ ties and Chief Electrical Engineers (Electricity Supply ence. together with copies of not more than three testi­ Industry), under which clause the latest available data of monials. or. alternatively, the names and addresses of output indicates a commencing salary of £948 per annum. three referees, should be delivered to the undersigned in ALL ENGINEERS. WHETHER ENGAGED IN THE sealed envelopes, appropriately endorsed, not later than ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY OR NOT. ARE Monday. February 12th, 1945. URGENTLY REQUESTED NOT TO APPLY FOR THE A. C. THERTLE, A.M.I.E.E.. A.M.I.C.E.. POST NOW BEING ADVERTISED. AND IF AN City Electrical Engineer. APPLICATION HAS ALREADY BEEN MADE IT Electricity House. SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN. 46-48. Castle Street. W. ARTHUR JONES. A.M.I.E.E.. Carlisle. 1324 Secretary. Standing Joint Committee. A.M.E.E., E.P.E.A. COUNTY BOROUGH OF IPSWICH EDUCATION ______1273 COMMITTEE well-known manufacturer of Electrical Appliances School of Technology A requires first-class Representatives to cover Scotland. Lancashire. Yorkshire. South Coast and Midlands. State Principal: T. S. Harker, B.Sc., M.I.Mar.E., A.M.I.Mech.E. age. experience and salary required.—Box No. P .123. c/o 19-21. Corporation Street. Birmingham. 2. 1306 PPLICATIO NS are invited for the post of LEC TU RER RAUGHTSMAN required by company engaged in the A in ELEC TRIC A L EN G IN EERIN G subjects, duties D manufacture of cables and plastic materials. Appli­ to commence in September next. Candidates should have cants should preferably have had several years of industrial had good industrial experience and preference will be experience: age limits preferably 25/40. The position given to those who are corporate members of the Insti­ offered is in the Manchester area and of a permanent tution of Electrical Engineers. Previous teaching ex­ character. Salary in accordance with age and experience. perience would be a recommendation. Progressive post for suitable applicant. Please send full Salary in accordance with the Burnham Scale for details to—Box 1321, c/o The Electrical Review. Technical Colleges with such appropriate additional LEC TRICA L Engineer. Experienced Manager required allowances, depending upon the qualifications of the E to take charge of department for the design, develop­ successful candidate, as may be allowed under the new ment and testing of small type switches, solenoids and salary scale. other electrical equipment. Must have sound theoretical Forms of application and further particulars may be and practical experience. Commencing salary £800-£1.000 obtained from the undersigned to whom applications per annum according to qualifications.—Box 1258, c/o should be returned so as to be received not later than The Electrical Review. 16th February. 1945. T ^ LE C T R IC A L factors, old established, require experi- J. T. HILL. enced Manager to take control of London branch.— Education Department. Chief Education Officer. Box 1313, c/o The Electrical Review. 17. Tower Street. Ipswich. 1299 EM ALE Technical Librarian required by small works F located in S.E. London. Must have sufficient know- ledge of physics to abstract from technical journals for SSISTANT to Managing Director required by a Mid­ compilation into regular library bulletins to assist firm's A lands engineering firm. Practical experience in research workers. Ability to act as confidential shorthand works administration, costing and works statistics essen­ typist for technical reports and letters highly desirable tial. Salary £600-£650 p.a. Applications in writing (no and competent knowledge of technical German would be interviews), stating date of birth, full details of qualifica­ a great asset. Salary from £300 according to experience. tions and experience (including a list in chronological Applicants should write, quoting A.770XA. to the Minis­ order of posts held) and quoting reference No. 1572. should try of Labour and National Service, Central Register. be addressed to the Ministry of Labour and National Room 5/17. Sardinia Street, Kingsway. London. W.C.2. Service Appointments Office, 2, Calthorpe Road, Birming­ for the necessary forms which should be returned com­ ham. 15. 1302 pleted on or before 9th February, 1945. 1337 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 69

F^Stouthern ' f *.!* ,wa? te^ for Ea,e of non-ling cables in "D O W ER Station Plant Engineer for consultants. Appli- pxnerience anrl lease write, with details of cants should preferably hold H.N.C. or better qualifi­ trical Review LOnnect'°ns. to—Box 1334, c/o The Elec- cation. have served apprenticeship, including D.O., with manufacturer of power station plant, e.g., turbines, /T .EN ER A L Manager, not over 45. of proved managerial boilers, pumps, etc., and have a knowledge of power i.nS for1 Preferably with engineering qualifications. station layout, operation and practice. Location, Surrey. re? lui-< u manufacturing company employing 500. well Salary £3o0 to £450 p.a., according to qualifications. established and financially sound, specialising in electrical Applicants should write, quoting D.1049XA, to the components, London area. Good salary and prospects. Application, stating age, previous experience, salary re­ r w ï a •? üir andc Service. Appointments quired and all relevant information, to—Box 1314 c/o f i t n w c ’ ? 00ii 5/17, Sard,nia Street, Kingsway. The Electrical Review. London. W.C.2 for the necessary forms, which should be c£mPleted on or before 1st February, 1945. 1301 EAD Foreman for coil winding shop required, London S A L E S Engineer required, having an intimate and up- H district. Must be conversant with all types of coil to-date knowledge of the design and manufacture of winding, including transformers, radio, electrical: and coil heavy power transformers. Apply, stating salary, experi- winding for trade and industry in general. Must have mfpc'D Box 1309, c/o The Electrical Review. held a similar position previously, and be interested in S ' T., x Representative required for South London by post-war prospects. Write, giving full particulars, to— Electrical Wholesaler. Knowledge of electrical trade Box 1326, c/o The Electrical Review. an advantage. Permanent and progressive position, with EAD Foreman for tool room required. London dis­ exceptional post-war prospects. Write, stating age. ex­ H trict. Must be conversant with press tools, drills, perience. and salary required.—Box 1275. c/o Thé Elec­ jigs, and general tool room jobs, and be experienced tool­ trical Review. maker with approved administrative ability, interested in CJTO RES Assistant (permanent) required at once. Write, post-war prospects. Write, giving full particulars, to— stating age, salary required and electrical stores ex- Box 1327. c/o The Electrical Review. penence, to—-Wholesale Electric Co., 37. Vauxhall Bridge ANAGER required by North London manufacturers Koad, S.W.l. 1218 M for design development of Electrical Accessories, CJTO RES Clerk required by electrical wholesalers. Good preferably with recent and extensive similar experience. knowledge of electrical material essential. Apply— Must be familiar with modern mass production methods, London Electrical Company. 92. Blackfriars Rd.. S .E .l. 25 utilising plastics. Salary £750 p.a. upwards, according » p H E services of a capable Commercial /Technical Elec- to qualifications. Applications in writing (no interviews), trical man are required, in Yorkshire, to take charge stating date of birth, full details of qualifications and of sales of new and used electrical equipment and power experience (including a list in chronological order of posts plant. Applicants must have drive and initiative. E x ­ held) and quoting reference No. Q.S.876. should be perience in valuations an asset. Permanent post-war addressed to the Ministry of Labour and National Service. prospects. In replying give details of experience and Appointments Department A.3 (A). Kingsway, London. salary expected to—Box 1311. c/o The Electrical Review. W.C.2. 1316 V \/O R K S Manager required by leading cable manufac- ANAGER to take charge of department making up ' * turer. London area ; sound managerial qualifications M telephone cords. Must be capable of controlling essential, together with experience of manufacture of sixty women. Urgent Government work. Factory in rubber and thermoplastic insulated cables; age 35-45; North-West. Please reply, giving full details and salary excellent opportunity for first-class man ; write salary required—Box 1292. c/o The Electrical Review. required and past experience to—Box 1310. c/o The Elec­ "VTECHANICAL Engineers required for the Government trical Review. of Nigeria Public Works Department Temporary Staff for one tour of 12 to 24 months in the first instance. APPOINTMENTS FILLED Salary between * £600 and £1.000 a year according to Dissatisfaction having been so often expressed that un­ qualifications and experience. Outfit allowance £60. On successful applicants are left in ignorance of the fact that salary of £600. separation allowance is payable to married the position applied for has been filled, may we suggest men between £36 and £156 a year according to number that Advertisers notify us to that effect when they have of children. Free passages and quarters. Candidates arrived at a decision? We will then insert a notice free should have a university degree in engineering or be of charge under this heading. A.M.I.Mech.E. and must have had subsequent practical experience either with power station plant such as Bab­ SITUATIONS WANTED cock boilers, steam turbines, reciprocating internal com­ Sales Representative seeks change, desires to represent bustion engines and gas producer plant, or public works A manufacturer of elec. fittings, commercial and in­ machinery such as road and building construction plant, dustrial. Connection with wholesalers, supply companies pumping machinery and motor vehicle overhaul and and Govt. dept. Area covered. London and South of maintenance. Applicants should write, quoting C.2361A. England.—Box 6643, c/o The Electrical Review. to the Ministry of Labour and National Service, Appoint­ .M .I.E.E. (39), construction, operation and main­ ments Department A.3 (B), Room 5/17, Sardinia Street. A tenance power stations. O.H. and U.G. distribution Kingsway. London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms systems, practical, technical and commercial exp. elec­ which should be returned completed on or before 7th tricity undertakings. Situation desired overseas.—Box February. 1945. 1338 6614. c/o The Electrical Review. /"OVERSEAS Employment: Assistant Mechanical Engi- H IEF Draughtsman or Designer. Engineer with varied neer required for the Electrical Branch of the C mechanical and electrical experience (not radio), Nigerian Government Public Works Department for one design, planning, tools and production, desires responsible tour of 12 to 24 months, with possible permanency. Salary post. S.W. London area preferred.—Box 6612, c/o The £475, rising to £660 a year. Outfit allowance £60. On Electrical Review. salary of £475 there is a local allowance of £42 and a RAUGHTSMAN-Designer requires spare-time work.— separation allowance for married men between £84 and D Box 6685. c/o The Electrical Review. £204, according to number of children. Free passages and LEC TRICA L and Mechanical Engineer desires post. quarters. Candidates must have served an apprentice­ E Long experience in charge of planning installations ship in a good engineering works ahd have experience of and maintenance of industrial plant.—W. M., 82, Leigh­ Babcock boilers, steam turbines, reciprocating internal ton Rd.. Bush Hill Pk.. Enfield. Middx. 6684 combustion engines and gas producer plant. They must "C^LECTRICAL Engineer, B.Sc.. A .M .I.E.E.. 17 years* be competent to take charge of shifts and run small power varied experience in responsible positions with lead­ stations. Written applications (no interviews), giving the ing manufacturing companies, requires post of high following essential details: (1) Full name: (2) Date of responsibility giving scope for initiative. Consultative birth; (3) Industrial training and experience: (4) Name work considered.—Box 6623, c/o The Electrical Review. and address of present employers; (5) Details of present “C^LECTRICAL Engineer, supervise installation con- work, should be sent to The Secretary. Overseas Man­ J - J tracts or factory maintenance, 28 years’ experience, power Committee (Ref. 1391), Ministry of Labour and good organiser, labour control, age 44 years, seeks National Service. York House, Kingsway. London. W.C.2. responsible position. Now disengaged.—Box 6629, c/o Applications will not be acknowledged. 1315 The Electrical Review. E LIE F Charge Engineer required at generating station LECTRICAL Engineer (39). first-class experience in R in Home Counties. N .J.B . conditions. Grade 8a. E rural supply and distribution, desires position of Class F. experienced with H.P. boilers, turbo-alternators, responsibility with supply authority ; not afraid of hard converting plant. State agef> single or married, to—Box work. 20 years’ practical experience.—Box 6649, c/o 1253. c/o The Electrical Renew. The Electrical Review. ■REQ U IRED for engineering works engaged on Govern- TT'LEOTRO-Mechanical Engineer (35). A.M .I.E.E., etc.. IV ment work Cricki, wood area Shorthand-Typist or J - J seeks London appointment. Free in one month. FHinhnno V ™ W P le a s e reply, stating experience and Now holding executive position covering sales, drawing Ldiphone Typist, ri /Q street 110 old Broad office, installation and service departments.—Box 6610. salary required, to— a - 124o c/o The Electrical Review. Street. E.C.2. 70 (Supplement) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

T N S 1R U M E N 1 Engineer, 30 years' experience, instru- ILFORD AND BARKING JOINT SEWERAGE -*• ments, relays, transformers, recorders, integrating COMMITTEE meters to Government specifications. Meter Act. etc.. quotations, design, development and manufacture, large Disposal of Secondhand Switchgear small quantities to customers’ requirements, mixed labour. 15 years’ leading manufacturer. Executive post with post-war prospects, salary commensurate with FTlHE Committee has for disposal the following second- responsibility.—Box 6656, c/o The Electrical Review. hand equipment: — l\/rA N A G E R , electricity service centre, 25 years’ engi- 1 3-panel “ Standard m ake” H.V. Switchboard. 6.600 neering experience. M. & E.. B.O.T. Cert.. E.D.A. volts. 3-phase, 50 cycles, consisting of 1 metering cubicle Sales Engrs.’ Diploma, seeks similar post with electricity and 2 truck type cubicles for controlling H.V. side of undertaking with good scope for future development. 2 x 300-kVA transformers. First-class development record, sales and consumers, ex­ 1 3-panel " Standard make ” L.V. Switchboard. 440- pert on all types of domestic apparatus and appliances, 230 volts. 3-phase. 4-wire, consisting of 1 auxiliaries motors, pumps and machinery generally, responsible for feeder and 2 transformer panels for controlling L.V. H.T. and L.T ., town and rural supply maintenance, good organiser, keen worker. Present post (voluntary from side of 2 x 300-kVA transformers. outbreak of war), shift supt. engr. over 300 employees. This equipment can be inspected at the Ilford and Release possible in near future owing to moving of works. Barking Joint Sewerage Committee Pumping Station. Please reply in confidence, giving first details, to—Box Alfred’s Way. Barking, by arrangement with the Super­ 6613. c/o The Electrical Review. intendent (Mr. Leary). Telephone No. Rippleway 3870. “D O S T in electricity supply sought by A .M .I.E .E.. aged 39 years. Wide experience in urban and rural Quotation should be submitted to L. E. J . Reynolds. electrification, including administration of construction, Joint Engineer. Ilford and Barking Joint Sewerage Com­ operation and sales. Dominions appointment considered. mittee. Town Hall. Ilford, marked "Quotation for Second­ Minimum salary £700 p.a.—Box 6686. c/o The Electrical hand Switchgear.” 1317 Review. X>RODUCTION Engineer seeks progressive appointment with company in London. 12 years with leading G E O R G E CO HEN. SO NS & CO. LTD. electrical accessories firm. Excellent practical engineer­ ing and administrative experience.—Box 6692. c/o The for Electrical Review. ACUUM and Electronics research. Controlling position GUARANTEED ELECTRICAL V required. Salary £750.—Box 6626, c/o The Elec­ trical Review. PLANT. T ^ rO R K S Electrical Engineer. A .S.E .E ., desires post, 25 yrs.’ technical and practical exper. planning in­ M O T O R S. GENERATORS. stallations and maintenance for large industrial plants.— Box 6642, c/o The Electrical Review. SWITCHGEAR. "Y^OUTH. 16 yrs.. secondary school education, seeks situation in distribution department or drawing etc. office.—Box 6627, c/o The Electrical Review. WOOD LA N E. LONDON. W .12. FOR S A L E ______^ Telephone: Shepherds Busl> 2070 Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the and Restriction of Resale Order, S. R. & O. 1942 No. 958. STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. Telephone: Pudsey 2241. CITY OF BRADFORD Established 1834. 27

Turbo-Alternator for Disposal ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS

r p H E Electricity Committee of the Bradford Corporation 'YY/’E hold one of the largest stocks of New and Second- invite tenders for the purchase and removal of ’ * hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly ONE 6.000-kW (M.C.R.) B R IT ISH W ESTINGHOUSE overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at our TURBO-ALTERNATOR. Works. The alternator is of the 3-phase type, suitable for 6.600 volts between phases. 50 cycles per second. For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to :— The set is in running condition, and. by appointment, can be seen in operation at the Valley Power Station. BRITAN N IA M ANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. Form of tender and further particulars may be had on 22-23. BRITANNIA STREET. application to Mr. T. LI. Carr, A.M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mech.E.. CITY ROAD. LONDON. N.I. M .I.E.E.. Electrical Engineer and Manager. 27. Bolton Road. Bradford, to whom all enquiries respecting the set Telephone: 5512-3 Clerkenwell. 13 should be addressed. Tenders, on the forms provided, must be delivered to the undersigned not later than 10 a.m. on Wednesday, EC0N0MISERS IN STOCK the 21st February. 1945, and no tender will be received unless enclosed in a plain, sealed envelope bearing the words “ Tender for purchase, etc.. of No. 4 Turbo- TWO Green’s Economisers, 208 tubes. 250 lbs. W.P. Alternator,” but not bearing any mark or name indicating Guaranteed re-insurable and first-class condition only, the sender. low prices. Quotations per return. Installations delivered The highest or any tender will not necessarily be accepted. and erected complete. N. L. FLEMING. B U R F 0 R D , T A Y L O R & CO. LTD ., Town Hall. Bradford. Town Clerk. 24th January. 1945. 1320 7. Commercial Street. Middlesbrough. Telephone 2622. >5

INSU-GLASS COVERED WINDING WIRES B U R D E T T E & CO. LTD. 3-4 mils, covering. Stock 400 lbs. No. 24 s.w.g. Plain Copper 200 .. .. 22 ...... Reconditioned A.C. and D.C. Motors and Starters Equal 300 ,. ,. 20 ...... 200 ,. .. 19 ...... to New. 150 ,. .. 1 8 ...... Unreserved Stock. STONHOUSE STREET. CLAPHAM. S.W.4. SAXONIA ELECTRICAL WIRE CO. LTD.. Day and night service. MACaulay 4555. Roan Works, Greenwich, S.E .10. 1300 17 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w {Supplement) 71

SOME ARC WELDING MACHINES FROM STOCK POWER UNITS from Stock W ^ E offer our latest type No. 2 Max-Arc Welder for immediate delivery, 15/250 amperes. Operates off any A.C. supply voltage. Send for details. 3-kVA _ , Self-cont., Semi-portable Petrol Alternating Sets. 10-kVA MAX-ARC WELDERS LTD., Semi-portable Petrol Welding Sets. A.C. or D.C. 30-kV A 190. THORNTON ROAD. CROYDON. Petr. /Paraff. Alternat. Set. dir. coupl., lightweight. THOrnton Heath 4276-8. 50-kV A 35 Petr./Paraff. Altern. Set, rad. cool., semi-port. • A large stock of Searchlights (sale or hire), Mirrors. Several others. ■7 Lenses, A.I.D . Turnbuckles, etc., and Winches of our self-sustaining types, also surplus Carbon Rods, Ebonite and Any 44 Special Duty ” Machinery supplied to your Iibre. Hundreds of thousands supplied during the last 40 requirements at short notice. years to Government departments, corporations and in­ numerable traders.—London Electric Firm, Croydon. 42 THE ELECTROPLANT CO. A -C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all sizes, quarterly (Est. 1912), -7 *- and prepayment, reconditioned, guaranteed one year. Repairs and recalibrations.—The Victa Electrical Co., 47, PALACE OF ENGINEERING. WEMBLEY. MIDDX. Battersea High Street, S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 1322 A -C. and D.C. Motors, all sizes, large stocks, fully guaranteed.—Milo Engineering Works, Milo Road. East Dulwich, S.E.22 (Forest Hill 4422). 6463 REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS A .C. Motors, 1 / 50th h.p. to 3 h.p., from stock. Also D.C.—The Johnson Engineering Co., 86, Great Port­ ONG deliveries can often be avoided by purchasing land Street. London, W .l. Museum 6373. 57 L rebuilt secondhand plant. We can redesign or replace A E R IA L Cables, all sizes quoted for; good deliveries surplus plant of any size. - d - against Government contract numbers.—Edwardes Bros.. 20. Blackfriars Road, London, S .E .l. 6673 SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. A LTERNATOR, 500 kVA, 3-p., 50 c.. 400/440 v.. 750 revs., direct coupled exciter, 2 brgs., on bedplate. OVER 1.000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERE —Stewart Thomson & Sons, Fort Road, Seaforth, Liver­ pool, 21. 58 X > E S T English Cables, 1/.044 up to 127/. 103, deliveries DYNAMO & MOTOR REPAIRS LTD., against M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Blackfriars Road, London, S .E .l. 6674 Wembley Park, Middlesex. /'TARBONS, large stocks assorted sizes, solid and cored.— Telephone: Wembley 3 12 1 (4 lines). ^ Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Road, London. S.E.l. 6675 Also at Phoenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, Soho Road, /C IR C U IT Breakers and Contactor Switchgear, 3-phase ^ and D.C., 250 amps, up to 1.000 amps. Various Handsworth, Birmingham. sizes in stock.—Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. 22/26, Telephone: Northern 0898. Britannia Walk, London, N .I. 1333 26 LECTRIC Bulbs of all descriptions for all purposes, E from 1.25 v. to 20 v .; Torch Cases, Batteries. Elec­ tric Lamps. Prompt delivery.—Suplex Lamps Ltd., 50. WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK Gray’s Inn Rd., London, W.C.l. Tel. Holborn 0225. 1266 VERSH ED S Megger, 100 megs., 500 v., 100-1 divider, E case. List, £50; offer over £25.—Strong, 17, Sugden Four 25,000 lbs. evaporation, 175 lbs. W.P. Road. S.W .ll. 6667 Three 20.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. .. XfiXH AU ST Fans, new; 14". 1-phase, 200/250 v.. 1,900 One 15.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. .. - L ' cu. ft./min., £ 11 15s.—Southern Ignition Co. Ltd.. One 12.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. .. 190, Thornton Road, Croydon. 75 One 12.000 lbs. .. 200 lbs. .. TA ILIN G Cabinets, Steel Cupboards, Shelving, Safes, One 12.000 lbs. .. 160 lbs, ,. X Card Index Cabinets, Oak Desks, Chairs. Lino, etc.— One 9/10.000 lbs. ,. 200 lbs. .. Office Furniture Co., 184, Vauxhall Bridge Rd., London. We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers. S.W .l. Tel. : Victoria 9770 and 8685. 46 Pumps, Piping Valves, Generating Sets and Motors in OR disposal. Two 2,500-kVA, J . & P.. 3-phase, 50- stock. Please send us your enquiries; we can give F cycles Transformers, with star/star windings, and 6% immediate delivery. up and down on-load tap change gear. Voltage ratio: input 33 kV, output 6.6 kV, and 400/230 v., up to 12$% BU R FO R D , T A Y L O R & CO. LTD., of full capacity. £1,155 each, or offer.—Borough Elec­ Boiler Specialists, Middlesbrough. trical Engineer, Frogmoor, High Wycombe. 1259 Telephone: Middlesbrough 2622. OUR identical 150-kW. 14 Weir Sulzer/E.C.C. 32 F Diesel-driven Generating Sets, 220 volt D.C.—Stewart Thomson & Sons, Fort Rd., Seaforth. L ’pool, 21. 74 MODI N ST A L E L E C T R IC CO M PA N Y L IM IT E D ENERATING Sets for sale, 18 kva, petrol. 400/3/50; INDUSTRIAL INFRA-RED APPARATUS FOR G 300-amp. petrol-driven portable Welding Set; 2$- PAINT DRYING. kW, 220-v. D.C. Crude Oil Set.—Fyfe, Wilson & Co. Ltd.. COMPLETE EQUIPMENTS OR SINGLE UNITS Bishop’s Stortford. _ PROVIDED. NSU-Glass covered Plain or Enamelled Instrument GUARANTEED HEAT GENERATORS. I Wires. No. 18 s.w.g.. No. 40_s.w.g., stock deliveries. OLDHAM WORKS. OLDHAM TERRACE, —Saxonia, Roan Works, Greenwich. S.E.10. 29 ARGE quantity of Laminations reclaimed from on- ACTON. W.3, LONDON. L immersed transformers, various sizes.—S. Cohen & Telephone: Acton 3504/5. Sons, London Road. Barking. 1255 A E C. APPARATUS. DULL EMITTER SYSTEM. ARGE quantity of spares for 150-h.p. Ricardo engines, ______59 L including a complete engine.—Fyfe, Wilson & Co. Ltd.. .Bishop’s Stortford. v t t? EAD-covered and Armoured Cables, P .I. and V.I.K., MAN POWER IS MULTIPLIED L various special lines, at low prices. Edwardes Btos.. by the installation of 20, Blackfriars Road, London, S .E .l. oo/o T E S L IE Dixon & Co. for Dynamos. Motors. Switchgear, MORGAN ELECTRIC LIFTING BLOCKS. -L* Chargers and Telephones—214, Queenstown Road, Battersea, S.W.8. Telephone. MACaulay 2159. Nearest All capacities A.C. and D.C. Supply. Rly. Sta. : Queen’s Road. Battersea (S.R.). . 1» Delivery from 2-3 days. 1%/TOTOR Generator Sets and Convertors, all sizes and iVX voltages from $ kW up to 500 kW in stock. Britannia Manufacturing Co, Ltd., 22/ 26, Britannia Walk, City Road. London, N 4 , Telephone. Clerkenwell 5512 Gul. 1147. 5513 & 5514. 28 72 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

1V T 00/440-volt, 3-ph^se, 50-cycles Alternators, O f^ fY k V A Alternator, 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles, 760 35 kW, by G.E.C.. direct coupled exciter and auto­ revs., with direct coupled exciter.—Midland Coun­ matic voltage regulator, ball bearing with single-phase line ties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd., Grice Street, Spon brought out; 15-kVA Crompton Parkinson ditto, with Lane. West Bromwich. .36 direcfc coupled exciter and single-phase line, ball bearing. A O fYkW Metropolitan-Vickers Rotary Convertor, with —D. C. Coward, 140/144, Newfoundland Road, Bristol. 2. starting motor, A.C. booster and exciter, 250 volt Phone 56168. 1278 B.C., three-wire, with Transformer, 11,000 volts, 3-phase. M O T O R Generator Set by Crompton Parkinson, new 50 cycles.—Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. 22/26. 1932» output 40 kW, 110 volts D.C.. input 400 volts. Britannia Walk, London. N.I. 1243 3-phase, 50 cycles, 67£-h.p. slip ring motor, with starter O Turbo Generating Set. D.C. generator and switchboard; one 50-kW steam-driven Generator Set. by English Electric, 440/500 volts. 4,000 Browett/Brush, new 1927, engine 70-h.p.. compound, 600 amps., 12 poles and interpoles, speed 500 revs., driven by r.p.m., 150 lbs. pressure, dynamo 50 k\V, 110 volts B.C., Howden eight-stage turbine. 6,000 revs.; through David compound interpole, with accessories. All inspected on Brown reduction gear, Worthington surface condenser: site London area.—Newman Industries Limited, Yate. with motor-driven circulating and extraction pumps and Bristol. 1336 switch panel.—Thomas Mitchell & Sons Ltd.. Bolton. 1304 "l^JAM EPLATES, Engraving. Diesinking, Stencils. Steel Punches.—Stilwell & Sons Ltd.. 152. Far Gosford Street, Coventry. 14 ARTICLES WANTED N E 500-v. Wee Megger and leather case, new 1939 and A CETATE and other thermoplastic scrap; polythene O never used. Offers.—Box 6671, c/o The Electrical and P.V.C. in any form; also scrap cable and in­ Review. sulated wire; urgently wanted.—Elton Levy & Co. Ltd.. HONE 98 Staines. 35-kW Crude Oil Set, 220 v o .; 18. St. Thomas Street. S.E.l. 30 P 35-kW Browett Steam Set. 220 v o .; 50-kW Hindley l-Polar Armature Winding Machine. State particulars Steam Set, 440/220 vo.; 75-h.p. National Twin Diesel; B and price.—Box 1329. c/o The Electrical Review. Three-throw Ramp Pump. 3£" x 6", 700 lbs. w.p.— TTOIL Winding Machines wanted for essential work.— Harry H. Gardam & Co. Ltd., Staines. 60 ^ Box 63. c/o The Electrical Review. HOTO-Copying Machine, continuous roll model, with TAYNAM O , 300 kW, 220 v., 700 r.p.m., or near, for belt P single-phase motor and switchgear, £30. — Wood. -U drive; also Alternator, 200 kVA. 400/3/50. abt. 300 Wil. 7684. 6688 r.p.m. for cp.—The Electroplant Co., Wembley, Mdx. 1323 X >O RC ELA IN Cleats, 2 and 3 groove, various sizes ex NAM ELLED Copper Wire wanted. Please state quan­ stock, price list.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars E tity. make, gauge and price. — Box 61. c/o The Road, London. S .E .l. 6677 Electrical Review. O RCELAIN Insulators, various sizes in stock, galv. T^N G LN EERIN G Technical Books (new or secondhand) P spindles.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Blackfriars Road. -U wanted in any quantity. Attractive cash offers. Call London. S .E .l. 6678 —Third floor, 356, Oxford Street, W .l, or “ Stoneleigh.” ORTABLE Engine-driven Welding Sets, output 75/ St George’s Avenue. Weybridge. 62 P 350 amps., brand new. Government licence to pur­ T17r ANTED. Rotary Converters, any size.—Universal, chase. delivery stock.—Gladiator Welder Sets Ltd.. 18. 221, City Road, London. E.C.l. 22 Leicester Road, Sale. Manchester. 49 "I Bridge - Megger Testing Set for 100 megohms, 1,000 U AN TITY reconditioned A.C. and D.C. Flame-proof -T volts, for colliery purposes.—Brynhenllys Anthracite Q Motors. £ and 3 h.p. Write— Box 1328, c/o The Colliery Ltd.. Upper Cwmtwrch, Swansea. 1279 Electrical Review. * OTARY Converters in stock, all sizes; enquiries WORK WANTED AND OFFERED R cinvited.—Universal Electrical, 221, City Road. London. E.C.l. 16 MOTOR REPAIRS >O TARY Convertor with 3.000-v. transformer, switch­ R c gear and accessories by Metro-Vickers, 175 kW. 220 D.C. volts, 795 D.C. amps., 6-ph., 50 c., 1.000 r.p.m.; T > EW INDING and Repairs. Small Motors and Electric Motor Convertor by Bruce Peebles with switchgear and -■-A Tools rewound and repaired by firm having long accessories, comprising A.C. Motor, 3.000 v.. 50 c.. 3-ph., experience in this work. Guaranteed work and prompt 750 r.p.m., 43.5 amps.; D.C. Generator 200 kW. 910 service. Large assortment of Motors available from stock. D.C. amps., 220 v.—Lilleker B to s . Ltd.. Doncaster Gate. Rotherham. ' 1335 S O U T H E R N IG N IT IO N CO. LTD., 190, THORNTON ROAD. O E V E R A L Telescopic Tower Ladders ready for essential CROYDON. ^ work. Extensions. Trestles and Steps to order.— Shaftesbury Ladders Ltd., 453. Katherine Road. E.7. THOrnton Heath 4276-8. 37 Grangewood 3363. 15 Q IN GLE-core V .I.R ., Braided Flexible, heavy insulation. REWINDING AND REPAIRS ^ carry 24 amps., cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Black­ friars Road, London, S .E .l. 6679 Q P E C IA L line, Bell and Telephone Wires, also screened T l^ E rewind and repair any motors. A.C. or D.C., from ^ wires, large quantity, cheap.— Edw-ardes B to s ., 20. * " 1 h.p. to 500 h.p. Motors lent while repairs are being Blackfriars Road. London. S.E.l. 6680 carried out. Established over 24 years. T A FF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders S (all makes) for quick cash sale. Exceptional con­ W. H. S U G D E N & CO. LTD ., dition. Write — Box 528. Smiths, 100, Fleet Street. Glenny Road, Barking. Essex. London, E.C.4. 31 Phone, Rippleway 3302. Q W ITCH and Fuse Units, Conduits and fittings, works ______48 ^ requirements stocked.—JEdwardes Bros., 20. Black­ friars Road, London. S.E.l. 6681 RAPACITY available for Winding. Armatures, Stators ^TRAN SFO RM ER Lead-in Wire. 7/38 and 14/38 s.w.g., and Coils. Quantities preferred.—Kingsland Electric -T Insu-Glass finished, various colours, stock.—Saxonia. Service. Havelock Works, 75a, Well Street. London. E.9. Greenwich, S.E .10. 34 Amherst 4166. 6619 fTlRAN SFO RM ERS, single and three-phase. All types /C A PA C IT Y now available for Press Tools. Jigs and Fix- -1- up to 10 kVA.—Woden Transformer Co. (Phone. ^ tures, small and medium. Trouble-free service a B’ilston 41959), Moxley Road. Bilston, Staffs. 12 speciality.—Linolite Limited. The Mill Works, Malmes­ n n .R .S. Cables and Flexibles. Welding Cables, supplied bury. Wilts. 1319 -*- to M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Black­ p O N S U L T us for all types of A.C./D.C. Windings. We friars Road. London. S.E.l. 6682 ^ are the trade rewinders of both repair and repetition armature and stator windings, etc.—Hodson (Electrical T^WO Electric Hoist Blocks, capacity 2 cwt. and 10 cwt., Engineers). 75a. George St.. Croydon. Phone, Croydon 220 v. D.C., by Herbert Morris.—S. Cohen & Sons. 1568. 6621 London Road. Barking. 1256 "CH/ECTRICAL Measuring Instruments skilfully repaired rpWO 20-kW. 120-v. D.C. Steam Turbo Sets; Kohler and recalibrated. — Electrical Instruments Repair Automatic Set, 5 kW, 220 v . ; Steam and Diesel Sets. Service, ’’ Stanimede.” Forlease Road. Maidenhead. 6617 4 to 1.000 kW, A.C. and D.C.; Alternators, 400/3/50. 25 to 360 kW.—E. Binns, 156a, Falsgrave Road. Scar­ X^NGINEERING Work wanted. Constructional Engi- borough. 6690 neers. London, have immediate capacity for heavy or light constructional steel work. Also sheet metal work 40-h.p. Motors. 220 v. D.C., 1.400 r.p.m .; others at for guillotines and folders up to 6 ft. by 10 g. plate.— 2 700/800 r.p.m. and 600 r.p.m.—Fyfe, Wilson & Co. Cripps ^Construction Co. Ltd.. Central Avenue. West Ltd., Bishop’s Stortford. 1332 Molesey, Surrey. 6669 January 26, i 94 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 73 for Centre Lathes up to 61 in. nr^n . ^ A L .i9°-°fts» Northern Ireland. Advertiser, preferred).—The LonH*^in’l'1iZe<* mill in8 <80od grade work lands 4871. London Electric Firm. Croydon. Up- expenencp nnHaoK i fC ^ Electrical Engineer with wide tricaf sales nnHpt= iv good connection with all elec- S P to

Marketed by : T.M.C.-HARWELL (SALES) LTD. BRITANNIA HOUSE, 233 SHAFTESBURY AVENUE Telephone : Temple ^ Telegrams : - Arwelidlte, Westcent. London LONDON, W C.I 74 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 COMPANY MEETINGS EDUCATIONAL NOTICES

LATEST A.M.I.E.E. RESULTS E. K. COLE LTD.

N the recent Examinations held by the Institution of I Electrical Engineers 477 Candidates sat who had Success of “ Ekco ” Equipment taken B .I.E .T . courses. Of these 457 were successful in passing the examinations. We believe this record of 457 successes out of 477 entrants has never before been approached by any oral or correspondence tutorial rjTH E Annual General Meeting o£ K. K . Cole Ltd. was organisation, and indicates the very high efficiency of held on January 16th at Aston Clinton, the modern system of Technical Training which we have laid down. Mr. W. S. Verrells (chairman and joint managing director) The B.I.E.T. tutorial organisation is waiting to assist said that the accounts for the year ended 30th September, you either with a short specialist course or complete 1944, reflected substantial progress in the activities of the training for a recognised examination. company. The trading profit was £423,124 as compared with £263,401 for the previous year. The net profit We have available a large full-time staff of instructors, amounted to £383.165 before deducting taxation. The while the efficiency of our extensive organisation is a directors recommended a final dividend of 12 per cent., byword among engineers actual, less income tax, making a total of 20 per cent, WE GUARANTEE—“ NO PASS—NO FEE’ for the year. There had been no phase of the war, either defensive or May we send a copy of " EN G IN E E R IN G OPPOR­ offensive, in which radio in one form or another had not T U N IT IE S ” ? Containing a great deal of useful advice played a vital role. The most intensive effort had been and detailed information on over 200 Home-Study Courses required of the radio industry, and the company, in war and examinations, this handbook is of very real value to as in peace, had played a leading part. The full story the ambitious engineer. of how important that had been to the successful prosecu­ Our highly informative handbook will be sent F R E E tion of the war had yet to be told, but it must already be and without obligation on request. clear that truly remarkable radio devices had been used by all branches of the Services and had played a con­ spicuous part in every major operation. BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY. Radiolocation and Communication Established 1927—over 200,000 students. As typical of the wide and varied uses of radiolocation 12, Shakespeare House, 17, 11 & II, Stratford Place, * and radio-communication equipment could be instanced : Oxford Street, London, W .l. The accurate placing of our limited fighter force in the 33 Battle of Britain, as a result of advance radiolocation of the enemy’s approach; the co-ordinatipn of searchlights with anti-aircraft guns during the bombing attacks on our Great Possibilities for cities; the part played in Fighter Command’s successes TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED ENGINEERS during day and night raids; invaluable aid in the battle against U-boats, and widespread use by the Army. In addition to meeting the heavy demands of the forces, the Key Men In War-Time and Afterward« industry had been able to give considerable assistance to Allies. r p H E finest posts and the great majority of posts in Great Britain in this war are technical. The same Ekco radio equipment had been used in most types of will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase aircraft, including the Lancaster. Halifax. Flying Fortress, in mechanisation now being applied to war purposes will Tempest. Typhoon. Spitfire. Mosquito. Beaufighter and then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and in trade Sunderland, and in battleships, destroyers, submarines and commerce. Take a recognised Engineering Quali­ and patrolling craft. Commandos and artillerymen had fication through home-study with the T .I.G .B.. whose carried Ekco pack sets and portable transmitter-receivers. Students have gained 35 FIRST PLACES in the Ekco radio gear had been installed in tanks, Bren-gun A.M.Inst.C.E.. A.M.I.E.E., A.M.I.Mech.E., A.F.R.Ae.S., carriers and radio-communication vehicles, and was much etc., examinations. Write to-day for “ The Engineer’s in evidence in ground radio installations at airfields and Guide to Success.” containing the world’s widest choice conti ol headquarters. Ekco radio equipment had earned of engineering Courses—over 200— covering all branches: a high reputation both in the Supply Ministries and the Electrical, Aeronautical. Mechanical, Wireless, etc. Operational Services. During the past year the radio and television division had also joined in the co-operative THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF effort between the radio industry and the Board of Trade in the manufacture and distribution of the company’s GT. BRITAIN, quota of the “ civilian war-time receiver.” 35. Temple Bar House, London, E.C.4. 77 Interests Broadened Their radio interests had broadened to cover not only broadcast and television receivers, but also telecommuni­ cation and public address equipment and electronic devices. REPTO N Their lighting division—including Ensign Lamps Ltd.— had a substantial and encouraging output of electric lamps. Their plastics division was firmly established. The house­ ENGINEERINGS hold appliances division, which before the war was making steady headway, would become reinvigorated with the COMPANY advent of European peace, and the “ Special Products ” m division had been formed to concentrate on the specialised research, development, manufacture and distribution of those products which in the early stages did not lend themselves so readily to mass production methods. TENNANT STREET, Neither the radio industry nor any other industry could BIRMINGHAM, 15, have achieved the staggering figures of output with such little friction without Governmental co-operation and co­ ordinated planning, but he considered that the basic controls over materials and labour should be relinquished gradually. TELEPHONE: MID. 1792/3 TELEGRAMS. TON STILE The report was adopted. 1318 January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 75

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE ANYWAY? Government reduction of tin content of alloys often means the in­ crease of soldering temperatures if satis­ factory soldering pro­ cesses are to be ach ie­ ved. But what in ­ creases are necessary ? How will the com ­ ponents be affected by increased heat ? These and other technical queries are answered in “ Technical Notes on ___ Soldering,” issued by the manufacturers of Ersin Multicore the A.I.D. and G.P.O. approved three core Solder Wire. Firms engaged on government contracts are invited to write for a copy of this reference sheet M.S.M. axe specialist manu­ and samples of Ersin Multicore Solder Wire. facturers of tilting type mercury switches suitable for instrument work, domestic and industrial ap­ The Solder Wire with 3-Cores of Non-Corrosive paratus and power control gear. E rsin F lu x t h e m e r c u r y s w it c h manufacturing MULTICORE SOLDERS LTD.,COMMONWEALTH HOUSE, CO. LTD. LONDON. W.C I. Tel: CHAncery SI7l'2 WEST DRAYTON, MIDDLESEX

ll Ml

HANDLAMP.

LEAVES BOTH LITHOLITE INSULATORS & HANDS FREE ST. ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD + 3 3 % % >4kiUl‘| l / ’ (SUBJECT) plus Purchase Tax WATFORD Ref. No. A 56 BRITISH CENTRAL ■PHONE : WATFORD 4494 ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. 76 (Supplement) E l e c i r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

PAGE Evans, Adlard & Co. Ltd...... Index to Advertisers Evans, F. W., Ltd...... 60 PAGE Everett Edgcumbe & Co.....Ltd...... 44 Aerialite Ltd ...... 20 Falk, Stadelmann & Co.....L td...... 53 Bill Switchgear Ltd...... 3 Fan Disc Ltd...... 62 Birmingham Mica Co. Ltd...... 58 Ferguson, Pailin Ltd...... 31 Britannia Batteries Ltd...... 49 Ferranti Ltd...... II Britannic Electric Cable & Construction Co. Ltd.. . 65 Flextol Engineering Co. Ltd...... 56 British Central Electrical Co. Ltd...... 75 Friedland, V. & E., Ltd...... 52 British Electric Resistance Co. Ltd...... 36 Frost, Harvey, & Co. Ltd...... 55 British Insulated Cables Ltd...... 48 Fry’s Metal Foundries Ltd...... 22 British Klockner Switchgear Ltd...... 80 General Electric Co. Ltd...... 39 & 66 British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd...... 5 Godwin, H. J., Ltd...... 61 Browning’s Electric Co. Ltd Cover iii Hampton Works (Stampings) Ltd ...... 58 Bruce Peebles & Co. Ltd...... 2 Hart Accumulator Co. Ltd...... 54 Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd...... 33 Hedin Ltd...... 54 Bull Motors...... 42 Henley’s, W. T., Telegraph Works Co. Ltd ...... 13 Bullers Ltd ...... 8 Hildick & Hildick...... 52 Burco Ltd...... 2 Hoffmann Manufacturing Co. Ltd...... 51 Burdette & Co. Ltd...... 46 Hopkinson Motors & Electric Co. Ltd ...... 50 BX Plastics Ltd...... 29 Igranic Electric Co. Ltd...... 36 Canning, W., & Co. Ltd ...... 12 Injection Moulders Ltd...... 54 Celestion Ltd...... 56 International Electrolytic Plant Co. Ltd...... 32 Clifford, Charles, & Son Ltd...... 77 Collins Electrical Ltd...... 38 Jackson Electric Stove Co. Ltd...... 21 Copper Development Association ...... 16 Johnson & Phillips Ltd...... 37 Cressall Manufacturing Co. Ltd...... 61 K erry's (Great Britain) L td ...... 50 Crompton Parkinson Ltd...... 9, 35 & 63 Key Engineering Co. Ltd...... 80 Darwins Ltd...... 51 Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd ...... 14 Davis & Timmins Ltd...... 80 Laurence, Scott & Electromotors Ltd ...... Cover i Dennis, G. P... Ltd...... 61 Litholite Insulators & St. Albans Mouldings Ltd... 75 Dolphin Engineering Co. Ltd...... 76 Londex L td...... 80 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd...... 78 Macintyre, J., & Co...... 60 Downes & Davies...... 59 M. & C. Switchgear Ltd ...... 23 D.P. Battery Co. Ltd...... 3 Measurement Ltd...... 47 Duratube & Wire Ltd...... 54 Mek-Elek Engineering Ltd ...... 34 Elcordia Ltd...... 58 Mercury Switch Mfg. Co. Ltd ...... 75 Electric Depot Ltd...... 80 Mersey Cable Works Ltd ...... 53 Electrolux Ltd...... 49 Metallic Seamless Tube Co. Ltd ...... 4 Ellison, George. Ltd...... 25 English Electric Co. L td ...... 15 (Continued on page 78)

23 PRINCESS MAY ROAD. LONDON. N.I6

DOLPHIN ENGINEERING CD. LTD. 2 LYTTELTON ROAD. LONDON N .2 . (SPE. 3445-7) January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 77

Trade PULSOMETER Mark Rotary or Reciprocating GERYK VACUUM PUMPS FOR FACTORY OR LABORATORY Capacities : from 2 to 250 cubic feet per minute. Vacua Obtainable: Off Perfect: Single stage 005 m/m.

L I S T N o . 2033 Dup,eX 00001 m'm-

^ pubom eter engineering L ’i’. l i 1 READING CHARLES CLIFFORD Products

BRASS, COPPER & PHOSPHOR BRONZE a n d the undernoted S P E C I A L I T I E S

TubftS Copper Tubes ¡'or all purposes. Brass Tubes in various olloys and specifications. Aluminium Brass Condenser I ubes “ Al-dur-bra ’ Pat. i\o. 308647. Phosphor Bronze Tubes, solid-drawn. Gun Metal Tubes, solid-drawn. Sheet & Strip Brass and Copper Sheet and Strip to any specification and in suitable temper for requirements. Phosphor Bronze Sheets and Strip. C a s tin g s Chill-cast Phosphor Bronze and Gun Metal Bars. R o d s Phosphor Bronze Rods (Drawn). Gun Metal Rods (Drawn). Zinc Battery Rods. W ir e A ll Wires for the Metallisation process of Metal Spraying. Zinc Wire. Phosphor Bronze H ire. I fl g O t S Phosphor Copper. Phosphor Tin. IN ALL SIZES FOR ALL PURPOSES 86-88 CONSTITUTION HILL CHARLES CLIFFORD & SON LTD BIRMINGHAM I 9 WORKS AT: FAZELEY STREET MILLS, P h o n e : C O L M O R E 4010 BIRMINGHAM 5 (HEAD OFFICE) & London Agent: E. J. Cookson, 10 Devonshire Chambers, DOG POOL MILLS, BIRMINGHAM 30 146 Bishopsgate, E.C.2

f fy t efficiency q Q o'V The Spiral Tube and Components Co. Ltd. Technical Department O S M A S T O N PAR'S ROAD, DERBY Head Office - Honeypnt Lane. Stanmore, Middlesex leleohones - Derby 46067-8 Edeware 4658-9 Telegrama-Splral D erby 46067; Splratucon, Phone London 7 8 (Supplement) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945 Index to Advertisers (Continued from page 16) PAGE Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 7 Metway Electrical Industries Ltd ...... 60 .Midland Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd ...... 28 Mitchell Electric Ltd ...... 62 Monmer Foundry Ltd ...... 58 Multicore Solders Ltd ...... 75 Neill, James, & Co. (Sheffield) Ltd ...... 54 Nelson Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 65 /yjn Y Newey Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 62 Northern Aluminium Co. Ltd ...... 56 / If r \ Parmiter, Hope & Sugden Ltd...... 79 I-I Mi I Parsons, C. H., Ltd ...... 17 Pearson, C., & VV. P. Beck Ltd...... 77 Perkiiis, F., Ltd ...... 27 Petters Ltd ...... 10 Philips Lamps Ltd Cover iv & 57 / / \ \ - Poles L td ...... 78 Power Equipment Co. Ltd...... 59 Predico Ltd ...... 76 Pulsometer Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 77 Rawlplug Co. Ltd ...... 6 4 /If\ { V Repton Engineering Co...... 74 / ! i f \ W WRITE FOR Revo Electric Co. Ltd ...... 40 / / / I \ i 'XATA10GUE Reyrolle, A., & Co. Ltd...... 26 Robinson, Lionel, & Cd. Ltd ...... 20 / fH \ E.R/33 0 Romac Industries Ltd ...... 52 Rotunda Ltd ...... 60 Runbaken Electrical Products...... 78 Service Electric Co. Ltd...... C o v e r iii Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies Ltd...... I Simmonds & Stokes Ltd ...... 43 Smith, Frederick, & Co ...... 30 Sordoviso Switchgear Ltd ...... 38 RADIO MASTS Sparklets Ltd ...... 60 Spicers Ltd Cover iii n n i r r |TD tyburn rs erdington. Spiral Tube & Components Co. Ltd ...... 77 BIRMINGHAM.i4. Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd ...... 18 rULti L_ Stanton & Co...... 50 Symcnds, R. H., Ltd ...... 6i Taylor Tunnicliff & Co. Ltd ...... 24 Titanine Ltd ...... 19 T.M.C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd...... 73 Tudor Accumulator Co. Ltd...... 34 Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd Cover ii Veritys Ltd ...... 45 Vislok Engineering Ltd ...... 58 Walker. Crosweller & Co. Ltd...... 56 Walsall Conduits Ltd ...... 41 W ard & Goldstone Ltd ...... 55 Note the tongue which Weekes. L., (Luton) Ltd...... 32 ensures perfect and Weir, G. & J., Ltd...... 62 permanent contact. Easy Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co. Ltd ...... 64 to fix. Nuts cannot turn. All sizes from half to two Inches The fact that goods made of raw materials In short supply owing to war conditions are advertised in this THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. Journal should not be taken as an indication that BIRMINGHAM 9 they are necessarily available for export Electrical Manufacturers and Stockholders

BATTERY CHARGERS TRICKLE CHARGERS

Trouble-free Chargers fitted with selenium all-metal rectifi­ cation. Thirty years’experience behind every Runbaken pro­ duct. A few Agencies available. lor CLEANINC filter • nd D R Y IN C Booklet Q.5, giving useful informa­ TRANSFORMER tion and describing 12 Models, OIL on request

W rit* Cor Samples and Prices to i EVANS, ADLARD & Co. Ltd. POSTLIP MILLS, WINCHCONBE. CHELTENHAM January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 79

A N ID) FU

To comply with the Electricity Regu­ lations — “ Efficient means suitably located shall be provided for protecting against excess current every part of a system.”

Efficient means are embodied by the modern Aeroflex high breaking capacity, rewirable cartridge fuse, which combines the property of opening circuit on comparatively low overloads if continuously maintained, with time-lag without ageing under operational peaks of a permissible character, at the same time offering ample breaking capacity to meet all requirements. Suitable location consists in grouping the fuses in safe and properly designed distribution boards, so that each cable and conductor is fused at the origin where it is supplied from another of larger capacity, and in providing that each group can be isolated at will by adequate switchgear, for inspection, renewal or extension. These requirements are met by installing Aeroflex-Fluvent ironclad switch and fusegear, the product of continued experience and contact with practical conditions of service

MOPES PATEHTS^^

for breaking capacity and thermal capacity PARMITER HOPE & SUGDEN LTD. r A l t m i I C " London : 34 Victoria Street. S.W .I Longsight, Manchester IL. 80 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 26, 1945

STUDDING • We are now able to supply Brass or Steel Studding from stock in the following sizes : 0— 8 B A f' Whitworth Supplied in 12 inch lengths in gross bundles. Special lengths supplied to order.

We ore manufacturers of Screws, Small Turned Parts and Inserts. Enquiries Invited.

FIBRE CONDUIT Large Stocks now avail­ able at Manchester

KEY ENGINEERING CO. LTD. 4 QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON AND MANCHESTER. ELECTRIC DEPOT LTD.. 114 PRITCHETT ST., B’HAM

SNAP-ACTION REMOTE LIMIT SWITCH CONTROL O F S T R E E T j j q h t s : : TY PE A K FR LIGHTING MASTER sw /rcH RELAY.

P/LO T YV/RE. BATTERY. OTHER PRODUCTS : This simple arrange­ AUTOMATIC STARTERS ment in wide use LAWS' ROTARY SWITCHES Ask for leaflet CONTACTORS 104/ER OVERLOADS British Klockner Switchgear Ltd. LONDEX • LTD Chertsey, Surrey. Phone : Chertsey 2221/2. MANUFACTURERS OF RELAYS a ^ ormlkes y 207 ANERIEY ROAD- LQNDQN S E-20 »voiKST w h » *

Printed in Great Britain at The Chapel R iver Press, Andover, Hants, and published by E lectrical R eview L im ited , at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. January 26, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w iii

Official Repairers to Councils and the leading REPAIRS Insurance Companies. For All Classes of Manufacturers of ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC SEPARATORS, MAGNETIC PULLEYS, MECHANICAL REPAIRS TRANSFORMER COILS AND SWITCHES, ELECTRIC SOLDERING IRONS Consult BROW NINGS ELECTRIC Co. Ltd. BOLEYN CASTLE. GREEN STREET. UPTON PARK. LONDON, E.I3 Telephone : GRAngewood 4004/5 Established 1919

In these days of tremendous war effort where high quality in materials is o f paramount importance “ Sistoflex” remains unsurpassed

SPICERS LIMITED

19 NEW BRIDGE ST., LONDON, E.C.4. Telephone : CENTRAL 4211

SECOMAK 9 9 Regd. Trade Mark # MORE POWERFUL HIGH-SPEED # MORE RELIABLE PORTABLE # EASIER TO USE This blower with a 212- BLOWER mile-an-hour blast of dry air dislodges all foreign matter from windings of electric motors and other inaccess­ ible places. Send for leaflet S7/100.

cleaning. L/irt causes unnecessary iricciun in m atiNnci Telephone: Wembley 0194/5 costly power and Is the direct cause of rapid depreciation. SERVICE ELECTRIC CO. LTD., Abbey Estate. Mount Pleasant. Alperton, Middx. IT'S A PHILIPS A VERY GOOD LAMP INDEED

PHILIPS LAMPS LIMITED, CENTURY HOUSE, SHAFTESBURY AVENUE, LONDON, W.C.2