DOCSLIB.ORG

Thailand's Rail Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thailand's Rail Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy Thailand’s Rail Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy 2015-2022 Dr.Pichet Kunadhamraks Director of Rail Project Development Office Infrastructure Quality 42 72 56 34 Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum 2015 Transportation issues in Thailand Time Line of Thailand Railway Modernization (2015-2035) 2035: 2015: Lanuched 8 - Finished final phases double Years Infrastructure tracks finished and 7,XXX km are Modernization Plans in operating - 464 km Metro Lines are in Aug. 2016 Purple Line Open 2022: Yellow, Pink & operating Orange Lines - 4 lines HSR are in operating 2017 Sourth Green Line/ Gold Line 2019: Blue Iine Extension / North Green Line HSR BKK-Rayong 2018: SRT Double Tracks 1st Phase . > 3 MM THB Rail Asset* HSR BKK-Huahin HSR BKK-Chiangmai . > 8% rail transportation sharing 2011: Launched Railway 2020: . 5-8 M person trips daily nd HSR BKK-Korat Modernization Plans - SRT Double Tracks 2 Phase - Red Line Open . Center of ASEAN in railway 2022: Finished Lanuched 8 Years Infrastructure 2017: Launched Modernization Plans Department of Railway & Railway Transportation Act 2016, BBC ranked Bangkok as 2nd most congested city Solutions “Road for Transport People not Vehicles” Bang Sue - Hualumphong 20.8 km Airport Rail Link 28 km Bang Sue – Taling Chan 15 km Taksin Bridge – Bang Wa 7.5 km Onnut - Baring 5.25 km Mo Chit – Onnut National Stadium – Taksin Bridge 24 km 10 Existing Public transport in Bangkok and Metropolitan area Bangkok MRT (Green lines) Opening on December 1999. Transit Type – Heavy rail Total length : 31 kilometers. (2 routes) Ridership : 660,000 passenger-trips/day Existing Public transport in Bangkok and Metropolitan area Bangkok MRT (Blue line) Opening on July 2004. Transit Type – Heavy rail Total length : 20 kilometers. Ridership : 260,000 passenger-trips/working day Existing Public transport in Bangkok and Metropolitan area Airport rail link Opening on August 2010. Connecting Bangkok City Air Terminal and downtown to Suvarnabhumi Airport Transit Type – Heavy rail Total length : 28.5 kilometers. Ridership : 53,000 passenger-trips/working day • Opened to public : on August 6th, 2016 • 21 three-car trainsets from J-TREC 14 Moshit – Kukot (18.4 km) 15% 2020 Bang Sue – Tha Phra – Bang Khae (27 km) 86% 2019 Bearing – Samutprakan (12.8 km) 99% 2018 Bang Sue - Rangsit (26 km) 75% 2020 Operational Status of the current Mass Rapid Transit System Project 17 Nodes Links Outdoor Amphitheatre Area Development Cabinet Approved in 2016 (4 Projects / 112 km) 1 KaeRai- Minburi (34.5 Km.) 4 Bangsue-Hualumpong (8.5 Km.) 4 Bangsue– Phyathai– Huamak (19 Km.) 2 Cultural Center– Minburi (21.5 Km.) 3 Ladpro– Pattanakarn- Samrong (30.4 Km.) 0 2 5 10 กม. Km. 20 Project Details - Straddle monorail - Elevated 34.5 km. and 30 stations Invest Cost 1,522 Million USD Construction May 2017 Start Operation August 2020 Depot & P&R 21 Project Details - Straddle Monorail - Elevated 30.4 km. and 23 stations Invest Cost 1,474 Million USD Construction May 2017 Start Operation August 2020 Depot & P&R 22 Thailand Cultural Centre – Minburi Project Details Underground structure for 12.2 km and 10 Stations Elevated structure for 9 km and 7 Stations Cost 3,133 Million USD Construction February 2017 Start Operation June 2022 23 8 Rangsit - Thammasat University (10 km) 5 Ku Kot - Lamlukka (6.5 km) To be tendered in 2017 (8 projects / 104.3 km) 3 ARL: Donmuang–Phyathai (21.8 Km.) 7 TalingChan-Salaya (14 km) 4 Taling Chan-Cultural Center (17.5 km) Bang Kae–Phutthamonthon Sai 4 2 (8km) 1 Bang sue– Rat Burana (23.8 km) 6 Samutprakan-BangPu 0 2 5 10 กม. (7 km) Km. 24 25 27 28.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CONTRACT AGREEMENT MRT Blue Line Extension Project Hua
    Contract Agreement CA-1 CONTRACT AGREEMENT MRT Blue Line Extension Project Hua Lamphong - Bang Khae and Bang Sue - Tha Phra Sections Contract 4: Elevated Civil Works Tha Phra - Lak Song Section This Contract is made at the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand, 175 Rama IX Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10320 on 17 day of February B.E. 2554 (A.O. 2011) between: (1) MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY OF THAILAND by Mr.Ronnachit Yaemsaard, the MRTA Acting Governor, with office located at 175 Rama IX Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10320, hereinafter referred to as the "MRTA" or the "Employer", as the case may be, of the one part and ; (2) SINO-THAI ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED a company registered and existing under the laws of Thailand, with head office located at 27th floor, Sino-Thai Tower, 32/59-60, Sukhumvit 21 Road , Klang Toey Nua Sub-District, Wattana District, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand by Mr. Vallop Rungkijvorasathien authorized to sign and bind the company, hereinafter referred to as the "Contractor" of the other part. WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that certain Works should be executed by the Contractor, viz, the construction of Elevated Structure at Tha Phra - Lak Song Section with precast segment box girder viaduct of approximately 10.5 km. in length, elevated approximately 17 meters above existing ground, transition structure, with the construction of 7 elevated stations, architectural works and building services within the stations, and the intermodal transfer facilities (ITF), Depot, Operation and Control Center (OCC), Park & Ride Buildings and other works as defined in the Contract, and has accepted a Tender by the Contractor for execution and completion of such Works and the remedying of any defects therein.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited (BEM) FEBRUARY 2021 Business Overview
    Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited (BEM) FEBRUARY 2021 Business Overview COMMERCIAL ROAD INVESTMENT RAIL DEVELOPMENT Total Expressway Total Rail BL = IBL + BL Ex Infrastructure portfolio SES 38.50 km BL 48 km 38 stations For advertising in Stations & • Owns 99.99% in NECL Sector C+ 32.00 km PPL 23 km 16 stations Trains, Retailing and • Owns 90.52% in BMN SOE 17.06 km Total 71 km 54 stations Telecommunications • Owns 18.47% in TTW Total 87.56 km • Owns 16.64% in CKP BL Ridership PPL to be negotiated with MRTA Traffic Volume Jan 2021 Profit sharing in P&L Jan 2021 151,237 trips/day Expressway Ads on SES Y2019 173 MB 799,583 trips/day Growth -61.95% YoY 9M/2020 - MB Growth -34.30% YoY Avg. 2021 CD Revenue Avg. 2021 151,237 trips/day Y2019 783 MB Cash Dividend Received 799,583 trips/day Growth -61.95% YoY 9M/2020 586 MB Y2019 489 MB Growth -34.30% YoY Growth 4.30% YoY 9M/2020 483 MB BL farebox Tolls Revenue Jan 2021 Jan 2021 4.24 MB/day 17.33 MB/day Growth -60.05% YoY Growth -37.67% YoY Avg. 2021 Avg. 2021 4.24 MB/day 17.33 MB/day Growth -60.05% YoY Growth -37.67% YoY PPL O&M service income Annual Income apx.1,800 - 2,000 MB/year 2 Financial Highlights & Earnings Outlook REVENUE STRUCTURE TOTAL REVENUE As of 9M/2020 Unit: MB SteadyRevenue with Growth 20,404 trong Earnings with Good Dividend 19,087 S Rail : 34% 15,393 13,232 Stable Cash Flow Road : 60% 10,589 Road Gearing for new investment Rail Commercial CD Development : Other 6% 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 NET PROFIT DPS / EPS NET IBD/E Unit: MB Unit: THB Unit : Times 5,317* 5,435** 1.44 3,123 0.35* 0.36** 1.38 2,606 1.37 1.34 1,482 0.20 1.33 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.10 DPS EPS 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 Remark : * Including non - cash extra item from reclassified the investment in CKP ** Including non - cash extra item from reclassified the investment in TTW 3 Expressway Map Expressway Network Distance (km) Operator 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ESCAP PPP Case Study #1
    Public-Private Partnerships Case Study #1 Traffic Demand Risk: The case of Bangkok’s Skytrain (BTS) by Mathieu Verougstraete and Isabelle Enders (March 2014) The following case study examines the issue of traffic demand risk and sheds light on how the problem of inaccurate ridership forecasts can impact a PPP project by using the example of the Bangkok SkyTrain. TRAFFIC DEMAND RISK FIGURE 1 : ACTUAL/FORECAST TRAFFIC Even though literature is rich about theory and practice of traffic forecasting, insufficient attention has been paid to the predicted accuracy of traffic forecasting models and the consequences of occurring errors. Emperical studies suggest however that traffic forecasts in the transport sector are characterized by large errors and considerable optimism bias.1 This statement goes in line with the review conducted on PPP projects financed by the European Investment Bank which states that major issues in road projects BANGKOK BTS: CASE SUMMARY occurred because of traffic performance has been overestimated. Findings disclose that Bangkok covers about 606 square miles 1/2 of toll road projects failed to meet their and is densely populated. By 1990 it was early-year forecasts; often by some margin renowned for its chronic traffic congestion, 2 (errors of 50% - 70%). and over the subsequent decade vehicle ESCAP supports govern- ownership more than doubled. Heavy traffic ments in Asia-Pacific in This pattern of forecasting error and volume which is caused by bus, car and implementing measures systematic optimism-bias is even more motorbike journeys was making Bangkok to efficiently involve marked in the case of toll roads compared the private sector in one of the worst cities in the world in terms infrastructure develop- to toll-free road as illustrated in figure 1, of congestion and air pollution caused by which compares two samples of international ment.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Assessment of Urban Transport Systems in Bangkok
    Assessment Urban Transport System: Bangkok, Thailand Siradol Siridhara Mahidol University BLAK Bangkok Metro and Vicinity Population 16.43 million Bkk Population 5.56 million Employment 10.42 million Income 39,459 baht/hh Bangkok Metro and Vicinity 35 million trips per day. ≈ 70% by private vehicles. Average Speeds Morning peak hour 10.7 kph Evening peak hour 14.2 kph Key Players Regulators, Project Owners & Operators Rail Bus Regulators Project Owners Project Operators 3 Current Rail Network Current Network: 5 Lines, 97 Stations, 142.9 km Light Green Line 32 stations 39.5 km Dark Green Line 13 stations 14.7 km Blue Line 26 stations 47.0 km Purple Line 16 stations 23.6 km Airport Rail Link 8 Stations 28.6 km Total 153.4 km Green Blue Purple Red Ridership (approx.) 1500000 trips/day4 Future Rail Network Future Network: Approx. 540 km Light Green Line 55 stations 66.5 km Dark Green Line 20 stations 22.5 km Blue Line 42 stations 55.0 km Purple Line 32 stations 42.8 km Orange Line 30 stations 35.4 km Pink Line 30 stations 36.0 km Yellow Line 23 stations 30.4 km Brown Line 23 stations 21.0 km Gold Line 4 stations 2.7 km Grey 39 stations 26.0 km Light Blue Line 19 stations 30.0 km Light Red Line 55 stations 58.5 km Dark Red Line 20 stations 80.8 km Airport Rail Link 14 Stations 49.5 km Total 504 km 5 Assessment Urban Transport System: Bangkok SUTI01 Extent to Which Transport Plans Cover Public Transport, Intermodal Facilities and Infrastructure for Active Modes MIN SCORE MAX 0 11 16 No Aspects Explanation Score 1 Walking Networks Little attention has been paid to pedestrian network planning, although the awareness of maintenance of walkways and other pedestrian facilities have 2 been raised from the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Some Airport-Rail Links Get Built and Others Do Not: the Role of Institutions, Equity and Financing
    Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel S.M. in Engineering Systems- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010 Vordiplom in Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen- Universität Karlsruhe, 2007 Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Political Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2011 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2011. All rights reserved. Author . Department of Political Science October 12, 2010 Certified by . Kenneth Oye Associate Professor of Political Science Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Roger Peterson Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science Chair, Graduate Program Committee 1 Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel Submitted to the Department of Political Science On October 12, 2010, in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Political Science Abstract The thesis seeks to provide an understanding of reasons for different outcomes of airport ground access projects. Five in-depth case studies (Hongkong, Tokyo-Narita, London- Heathrow, Chicago- O’Hare and Paris-Charles de Gaulle) and eight smaller case studies (Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Shanghai-Pudong, Bangkok, Beijing, Rome- Fiumicino, Istanbul-Atatürk and Munich- Franz Josef Strauss) are conducted. The thesis builds on existing literature that compares airport-rail links by explicitly considering the influence of the institutional environment of an airport on its ground access situation and by paying special attention to recently opened dedicated airport expresses in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Charoen Nakhon Thailand
    NAVARANG ASSET PRESENT CHAROEN NAKHON THAILAND About Best Health & Culture Restaurants Wellness Heritage CHAROEN Instagramable NAKHON Coffee Culture ATTRACTIONS! And more ... VOL. 01 MAY 2021 01 CHAROEN NAKHON How to get there? From 40 Suvarnabhumi international mins airport From 20 Sukhumvit rd mins (Siam-Asoke) From 5 BTS Krung mins Thon Buri Charoen Nakhon is located along Thailand’s most majestic river “The Chao Praya”. Widely regarded as Bangkok’s most popular trade route and cultural heritage site. From cool art and lifestyle hubs, ‘trendy cafes, and superb street eats to iconic riverside hotels, not to forget the unique shopping districts, life on Charoen Nakhon has never been more attractive. With the new BTS Gold Line on rails, Charoen Nakhon is one of the most desirable neighborhoods of Bangkok. 02 CHAROEN NAKHON About Charoen Nakhon There are few places in the world that make it possible for The riverside neighborhood can visitors to see its urban areas via boat. Charoen Nakhon is a be reached via a handful of BTS charming neighborhood situated in the Thonburi community on stations, or by boat, which is the western banks of the Chao Phraya River. Thonburi was the oftentimes a faster and more capital of Thailand for a short time in 1768, after Ayutthaya authentic way to see the city. was destroyed by the Burmese. After the capital was moved While many tourists who venture across the river, Thonburi became a separate city, but now it is this way come to stay in one of one of many districts that make up the city of Bangkok.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V
    Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V External Evaluator: Hiroyasu Otsu, Graduate School of Kyoto University Field Survey: August 2007 – March 2008 1. Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Myミャンマーanmar ラオスLaos Thailandタイ Banバンコクgkok ◎ カンボジアCambodia プロジェクトサイトProject Site Map of the project area Bangkok Subway (MRT Blue Line) 1.1 Background Accompanying the rapid economic development in Bangkok starting in the 1990s, regular traffic congestion and the associated air pollution became evident in the urban area. The Thai government drew up the Bangkok Mass Transit Master Plan (produced by the Office of the Commission for the Management of Road Traffic (OCMRT) and hereinafter referred to as the “master plan”) in 1995 based on the 7th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1992–1996) for the purpose of developing a mass transit network and also for developing a network of ordinary roads and expressways to achieve steady economic growth, together with resolving the above-mentioned traffic congestion and air pollution. Furthermore, the development of the mass transit network proposed in the master plan is also specified in the subsequent 8th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1997–2000), and it is positioned as an extremely important national project in Thailand. The plan for the Bangkok mass transit system, part of the master plan, involves the construction of five lines that will radiate out and join the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) with the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR)1 together with creating a network 1 The Bangkok Metropolitan Region includes Bangkok, which is a special administrative area, and the surrounding five provinces of Samut Prakan, Pathum Thani, Samut Sakhon, Nakhon Pathom, and Nonthaburi.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Bangkok Mass Transit Development Project in Thailand
    MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. EID JR 10-159 MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Mass Transit Development in Bangkok Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Study ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Scope of the Study............................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Counterpart Agency............................................................................................. 1-3 CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT IN BANGKOK .............................. 2-1 2.1 Legal Framework and Government Policy.......................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Relevant Agencies....................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Urban Transport Policy and Its Impact in Bangkok
    Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.6, 2007 REVIEW OF URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY AND ITS IMPACT IN BANGKOK Shinya HANAOKA Associate Professor Department of International Development Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-I4-12 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper reviews transport policy, implementation and its impact in Bangkok. Bangkok has not done any special measures in its transportation system. Many ambitious policies have been planned like the exclusive bus lane and the automatic location system for buses. However, they have only reached the experimental level and have not reached full implementation because of financial constraints and political conflicts. Only the ring road, expressway, overpass, underpass, truck ban, BTS and MRT have been successfully implemented. Key Words: Transport Policy, Bangkok, Historical Review 1. INTRODUCTION Transport system in Bangkok has been relying on a poorly planned road network. Roads are significantly insufficient relative to the city size and population. Existing access roads or sois (dead-end streets) are generally unplanned and narrow with poor connections to the road hierarchy. With these road conditions, Bangkok has established a worldwide reputation for traffic congestion (PADECO, 2000). Traffic congestion in Bangkok results to wasteful burning of fuel and contributes heavily to air pollution, both of which are adversely affecting people’s health and climate change. The conditions have been even more worsening since the recovery of Thailand’s economy after financial crisis. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) reported that in 1995 bus transit accounted for 48 percent of total trips in Bangkok while personal cars accounted for only 27 percent (JICA, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • An Urban Political Ecology of Bangkok's Awful Traffic Congestion
    An urban political ecology of Bangkok's awful traffic congestion Danny Marks1 Dublin City University, Ireland Abstract Urban political ecology (UPE) can contribute important insights to examine traffic congestion, a significant social and environmental problem underexplored in UPE. Specifically, by attending to power relations, the production of urban space, and cultural practices, UPE can help explain why traffic congestions arises and persists but also creates inequalities in terms of environmental impacts and mobility. Based on qualitative research conducted in 2018, the article applies a UPE framework to Bangkok, Thailand, which has some of the world's worst congestion in one of the world's most unequal countries. The city's largely unplanned and uneven development has made congestion worse in a number of ways. Further, the neglect of public transport, particularly the bus system, and the highest priority given to cars has exacerbated congestion but also reflects class interests as well as unequal power relations. Governance shortcomings, including fragmentation, institutional inertia, corruption, and frequent changes in leadership, have also severely hindered state actors to address congestion. However, due to the poor's limited power, solutions to congestion, are post-political and shaped by elite interests. Analyses of congestion need to consider how socio-political relations, discourses, and a city's materiality shape outcomes. Key Words: urban transport governance, Bangkok traffic congestion, urban political ecology, Thailand political economy, Bangkok's bus system Résumé L'écologie politique urbaine (EPU) peut apporter des informations importantes pour examiner la congestion routière, un problème social et environnemental important sous-exploré dans l'EPU. Plus précisément, en s'occupant des relations de pouvoir, de la production d'espace urbain et des pratiques culturelles, l'EPU peut aider à expliquer pourquoi les embouteillages surviennent et persistent mais créent également des inégalités en termes d'impacts environnementaux et de mobilité.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Page
    Executive Summary Report Project to study the traveling navigation system with public transportation in Bangkok and vicinity areas Table of Contents Page Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Study, review the study results or the operational performance with relevant agencies both domestically and internationally, explore, and analyze the linkage of public transport networks via roads, rails and waterways that are serviced in Bangkok and vicinity areas ..................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Study, review the study results or the operational performance with relevant agencies both domestically and internationally, and explore the routes and public transport systems via roads, rails and waterways that are serviced in Bangkok and vicinity areas ....................................................... 3 1.2.2 Collect the route information, starting points, destinations, stations, stops, and information related to public transportation via roads, rails and waterways that provide service routes in Bangkok and vicinity areas. ...... 7 1.2.3 Analyze all public transport network connections and create map data showing public transport routes and modes based on the collected data supplementary for the development of public transport systems to be able to support the future urban expansion .............................................. 12 Design and development of database from the collection and analysis
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Public Bus Service and Non-Motorised Transport in Bangkok
    ASEAN - German Technical Cooperation | Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation in the Land Transport Sector Improving Public Bus Service and Non- Motorised Transport in Bangkok A Study for the Thailand Mobility NAMA October 2016 Disclaimer Findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are based on information gathered by GIZ and its consultants, partners and contributors. Acknowledgements GIZ does not, however, guarantee the accuracy We would like to thank Paul Williams, or completeness of information in this Dr. Kunchit Phiu-Nual, Stefan Bakker, document, and cannot be held responsible for Papondhanai Nanthachatchavankul, Tali Trigg any errors, omissions or losses which emerge and Farida Moawad for their valuable inputs from its use. and comments. Improving Public Bus Service and Non- Motorised Transport in Bangkok A Study for the Thailand Mobility NAMA Kerati Kijmanawat, Pat Karoonkornsakul (PSK Consultants Ltd.) The Project Context As presented to the ASEAN Land Transport The GIZ Programme on Cities, Environment Working group, TCC’s regional activities are in and Transport (CET) in ASEAN seeks to the area of fuel efficiency, strategy development, reduce emissions from transport and industry by green freight, and Nationally Appropriate providing co-benefits for local and global Mitigation Actions in the transport sector. At environmental protection. The CET Project the national level the project supports relevant ‘Energy Efficiency and Climate Change transport and environment government bodies Mitigation in the Land Transport Sector in the in the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia ASEAN region’ (Transport and Climate Change and Indonesia, for the development of national (TCC) www.TransportandClimateChange.org) action plans and improvement of policy aims in turn to develop strategies and action monitoring systems.
    [Show full text]