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Improving Public Bus Service and Non-Motorised Transport in Bangkok

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Improving Public Bus Service and Non-Motorised Transport in Bangkok ASEAN - German Technical Cooperation | Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation in the Land Transport Sector Improving Public Bus Service and Non- Motorised Transport in Bangkok A Study for the Thailand Mobility NAMA October 2016 Disclaimer Findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are based on information gathered by GIZ and its consultants, partners and contributors. Acknowledgements GIZ does not, however, guarantee the accuracy We would like to thank Paul Williams, or completeness of information in this Dr. Kunchit Phiu-Nual, Stefan Bakker, document, and cannot be held responsible for Papondhanai Nanthachatchavankul, Tali Trigg any errors, omissions or losses which emerge and Farida Moawad for their valuable inputs from its use. and comments. Improving Public Bus Service and Non- Motorised Transport in Bangkok A Study for the Thailand Mobility NAMA Kerati Kijmanawat, Pat Karoonkornsakul (PSK Consultants Ltd.) The Project Context As presented to the ASEAN Land Transport The GIZ Programme on Cities, Environment Working group, TCC’s regional activities are in and Transport (CET) in ASEAN seeks to the area of fuel efficiency, strategy development, reduce emissions from transport and industry by green freight, and Nationally Appropriate providing co-benefits for local and global Mitigation Actions in the transport sector. At environmental protection. The CET Project the national level the project supports relevant ‘Energy Efficiency and Climate Change transport and environment government bodies Mitigation in the Land Transport Sector in the in the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia ASEAN region’ (Transport and Climate Change and Indonesia, for the development of national (TCC) www.TransportandClimateChange.org) action plans and improvement of policy aims in turn to develop strategies and action monitoring systems. The project is funded by plans for more sustainable transport. the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Background and aim: Thailand Mobility NAMA ..................................................................... 1 Bus transport management .......................................................................................................... 1 Non-motorised transport (NMT) and modal shift potential in Ari area (NAMA pilot area) ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 5 .1.1 Concept of Nationally Appropriated Mitigation Actions (NAMA) ............................... 5 .1.2 Role of Public bus and NMT in Greenhouse gas emission reduction ........................... 6 .1.3 Purpose of the report ............................................................................................................. 7 2. Public Bus Transport Service Improvement in Bangkok and Vicinity .................... 8 2.1. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 8 .2.2 Bus reform plans and route optimisation ........................................................................... 9 2.2.1. Previous bus reform plan review ............................................................................... 9 2.2.2. Good practises and lessons learned from previous study ................................... 14 .2.3 Bus priority and traffic light management ........................................................................ 20 2.3.1. Existing bus priority and traffic light management policies ................................ 20 2.3.2. Current problems on bus priority and traffic light management policies ......... 23 2.3.3. Recommendations for bus priority and traffic light management policies ....... 25 2.3.4. Bus stop and bus station ........................................................................................... 29 2.3.5. Review of public bus stop design study ................................................................. 36 2.3.6. Policy suggestions for bus stop and bus station ................................................... 36 3. Role and potential for NMT as access modes to the public transport system in Bangkok ...................................................................................................................... 44 .3.1 Objectives and study area .................................................................................................... 44 3.2. Survey location and methodology ..................................................................................... 45 3.2.1. Traffic count survey location and methodology ................................................... 45 3.2.2. Traffic count survey result and analysis ................................................................. 48 3.2.3. Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 52 3.3. Origin-Destination survey result and analysis ................................................................. 63 3.4. General characteristics of target user ................................................................................ 65 ii 3.4.1. Household vehicle ownership.................................................................................. 65 3.4.2. Parking location in Ari area ...................................................................................... 66 3.5. Current perception of Fixed-route mass transit and NMT ........................................... 67 3.5.1. Willingness to shift transport mode ........................................................................ 67 3.6. Barriers for shifting transport mode ................................................................................. 68 3.6.1. Current perception of Public bus ............................................................................ 69 3.7. Current NMT characteristics and Future passenger estimation ................................... 70 3.7.1. Walking characteristics .............................................................................................. 70 3.7.2. Cycling characteristics and future user estimation ................................................ 71 3.8. Level of intervention and potential of future modal shift ............................................. 75 3.8.1. Modal share of access modes to Fixed-route Mass transit .................................. 76 3.8.2. Modal share for whole O-D trip ............................................................................. 78 3.9. Current and Future demand for NMT ............................................................................. 80 3.9.1. Pedestrian potential demand .................................................................................... 80 3.9.2. Bicycle users potential demand ................................................................................ 81 4. Practical concept guidance note for public bus and NMT intervention design .... 82 4.1. Bus stop area ........................................................................................................................ 82 4.1.1. Bus stop layout ........................................................................................................... 82 4.1.2. Bus shelter .................................................................................................................. 83 4.1.3. Bus passenger’s sightline .......................................................................................... 85 4.1.4. Bus stop sign posts .................................................................................................... 85 4.1.5. Bus stop real-time information display................................................................... 86 4.2. Intermodal transfer facilities (ITF) at bus stop ............................................................... 88 4.2.1. Cycle parking location ............................................................................................... 88 4.2.2. Drop-off bay and Waiting berth for other vehicles.............................................. 88 4.3. Bus station and interchange ............................................................................................... 89 4.4. Walking environment .......................................................................................................... 90 4.4.1. Footway width design criteria and its application ................................................. 91 4.4.2. Intermodal connectivity direction signage ............................................................. 95 4.4.3. Walking environment facilities design solution ..................................................... 97 4.5. Cycling environment ........................................................................................................ 102 4.5.1. Design outcomes, principles and master plan .................................................... 103 iii 4.5.2. Cycling lane .............................................................................................................. 105 4.5.3. Cycle parking ..........................................................................................................
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