3 Assessment of Urban Transport Systems in Bangkok
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CONTRACT AGREEMENT MRT Blue Line Extension Project Hua
Contract Agreement CA-1 CONTRACT AGREEMENT MRT Blue Line Extension Project Hua Lamphong - Bang Khae and Bang Sue - Tha Phra Sections Contract 4: Elevated Civil Works Tha Phra - Lak Song Section This Contract is made at the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand, 175 Rama IX Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10320 on 17 day of February B.E. 2554 (A.O. 2011) between: (1) MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY OF THAILAND by Mr.Ronnachit Yaemsaard, the MRTA Acting Governor, with office located at 175 Rama IX Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10320, hereinafter referred to as the "MRTA" or the "Employer", as the case may be, of the one part and ; (2) SINO-THAI ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED a company registered and existing under the laws of Thailand, with head office located at 27th floor, Sino-Thai Tower, 32/59-60, Sukhumvit 21 Road , Klang Toey Nua Sub-District, Wattana District, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand by Mr. Vallop Rungkijvorasathien authorized to sign and bind the company, hereinafter referred to as the "Contractor" of the other part. WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that certain Works should be executed by the Contractor, viz, the construction of Elevated Structure at Tha Phra - Lak Song Section with precast segment box girder viaduct of approximately 10.5 km. in length, elevated approximately 17 meters above existing ground, transition structure, with the construction of 7 elevated stations, architectural works and building services within the stations, and the intermodal transfer facilities (ITF), Depot, Operation and Control Center (OCC), Park & Ride Buildings and other works as defined in the Contract, and has accepted a Tender by the Contractor for execution and completion of such Works and the remedying of any defects therein. -
Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited (BEM) FEBRUARY 2021 Business Overview
Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited (BEM) FEBRUARY 2021 Business Overview COMMERCIAL ROAD INVESTMENT RAIL DEVELOPMENT Total Expressway Total Rail BL = IBL + BL Ex Infrastructure portfolio SES 38.50 km BL 48 km 38 stations For advertising in Stations & • Owns 99.99% in NECL Sector C+ 32.00 km PPL 23 km 16 stations Trains, Retailing and • Owns 90.52% in BMN SOE 17.06 km Total 71 km 54 stations Telecommunications • Owns 18.47% in TTW Total 87.56 km • Owns 16.64% in CKP BL Ridership PPL to be negotiated with MRTA Traffic Volume Jan 2021 Profit sharing in P&L Jan 2021 151,237 trips/day Expressway Ads on SES Y2019 173 MB 799,583 trips/day Growth -61.95% YoY 9M/2020 - MB Growth -34.30% YoY Avg. 2021 CD Revenue Avg. 2021 151,237 trips/day Y2019 783 MB Cash Dividend Received 799,583 trips/day Growth -61.95% YoY 9M/2020 586 MB Y2019 489 MB Growth -34.30% YoY Growth 4.30% YoY 9M/2020 483 MB BL farebox Tolls Revenue Jan 2021 Jan 2021 4.24 MB/day 17.33 MB/day Growth -60.05% YoY Growth -37.67% YoY Avg. 2021 Avg. 2021 4.24 MB/day 17.33 MB/day Growth -60.05% YoY Growth -37.67% YoY PPL O&M service income Annual Income apx.1,800 - 2,000 MB/year 2 Financial Highlights & Earnings Outlook REVENUE STRUCTURE TOTAL REVENUE As of 9M/2020 Unit: MB SteadyRevenue with Growth 20,404 trong Earnings with Good Dividend 19,087 S Rail : 34% 15,393 13,232 Stable Cash Flow Road : 60% 10,589 Road Gearing for new investment Rail Commercial CD Development : Other 6% 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 NET PROFIT DPS / EPS NET IBD/E Unit: MB Unit: THB Unit : Times 5,317* 5,435** 1.44 3,123 0.35* 0.36** 1.38 2,606 1.37 1.34 1,482 0.20 1.33 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.10 DPS EPS 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 9M/2020 Remark : * Including non - cash extra item from reclassified the investment in CKP ** Including non - cash extra item from reclassified the investment in TTW 3 Expressway Map Expressway Network Distance (km) Operator 1. -
ESCAP PPP Case Study #1
Public-Private Partnerships Case Study #1 Traffic Demand Risk: The case of Bangkok’s Skytrain (BTS) by Mathieu Verougstraete and Isabelle Enders (March 2014) The following case study examines the issue of traffic demand risk and sheds light on how the problem of inaccurate ridership forecasts can impact a PPP project by using the example of the Bangkok SkyTrain. TRAFFIC DEMAND RISK FIGURE 1 : ACTUAL/FORECAST TRAFFIC Even though literature is rich about theory and practice of traffic forecasting, insufficient attention has been paid to the predicted accuracy of traffic forecasting models and the consequences of occurring errors. Emperical studies suggest however that traffic forecasts in the transport sector are characterized by large errors and considerable optimism bias.1 This statement goes in line with the review conducted on PPP projects financed by the European Investment Bank which states that major issues in road projects BANGKOK BTS: CASE SUMMARY occurred because of traffic performance has been overestimated. Findings disclose that Bangkok covers about 606 square miles 1/2 of toll road projects failed to meet their and is densely populated. By 1990 it was early-year forecasts; often by some margin renowned for its chronic traffic congestion, 2 (errors of 50% - 70%). and over the subsequent decade vehicle ESCAP supports govern- ownership more than doubled. Heavy traffic ments in Asia-Pacific in This pattern of forecasting error and volume which is caused by bus, car and implementing measures systematic optimism-bias is even more motorbike journeys was making Bangkok to efficiently involve marked in the case of toll roads compared the private sector in one of the worst cities in the world in terms infrastructure develop- to toll-free road as illustrated in figure 1, of congestion and air pollution caused by which compares two samples of international ment. -
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Doi:10.1038/Nature11520
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11520 Other intraplate earthquakes in the India-Australia plate off Sumatra and Coulomb stress changes for a selection of possible intraplate faults. Extensional events at the trench wall are located in positive Coulomb stress change areas for receiver faults striking parallel to the trench both off Nicobar Islands (~N180°E) and off Nias (~N135°E) (see Figure A1). Any Aceh or Nias slip distribution that has weak surface displacement does not predict a positive Coulomb stress change in these areas close to the trench toe. These normal faults are active as a result of extensional bending stresses at the trench wall46,47 that are unrelated to the NW-SE compression in the Wharton Basin. The strike of the nodal planes shown on Figure A1 is following the trench line orientation. These normal faults are neo-formed faults since the normal fault fabric (N105°E to N110°E) is not perpendicular enough to the trench-normal bending stresses to be reactivated (with the exception of the two southernmost events in 2005, in the Wharton fossil spreading ridge area). Slip on neo-formed reverse faults perpendicular to the NW-SE intraplate P-axis is not favoured by the Aceh and Nias earthquakes (Figure A1), which is in agreement with the historical style of deformation in the Wharton Basin. A minority of thrust faults mechanisms is recorded, while most of the events are strike-slip. Figure A2 shows increased Coulomb stress change on N110°E oriented vertical planes (right- lateral slip) when compared to N15°E oriented vertical planes (left-lateral slip, Fig. -
Why Some Airport-Rail Links Get Built and Others Do Not: the Role of Institutions, Equity and Financing
Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel S.M. in Engineering Systems- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010 Vordiplom in Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen- Universität Karlsruhe, 2007 Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Political Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2011 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2011. All rights reserved. Author . Department of Political Science October 12, 2010 Certified by . Kenneth Oye Associate Professor of Political Science Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Roger Peterson Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science Chair, Graduate Program Committee 1 Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel Submitted to the Department of Political Science On October 12, 2010, in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Political Science Abstract The thesis seeks to provide an understanding of reasons for different outcomes of airport ground access projects. Five in-depth case studies (Hongkong, Tokyo-Narita, London- Heathrow, Chicago- O’Hare and Paris-Charles de Gaulle) and eight smaller case studies (Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Shanghai-Pudong, Bangkok, Beijing, Rome- Fiumicino, Istanbul-Atatürk and Munich- Franz Josef Strauss) are conducted. The thesis builds on existing literature that compares airport-rail links by explicitly considering the influence of the institutional environment of an airport on its ground access situation and by paying special attention to recently opened dedicated airport expresses in Asia. -
Charoen Nakhon Thailand
NAVARANG ASSET PRESENT CHAROEN NAKHON THAILAND About Best Health & Culture Restaurants Wellness Heritage CHAROEN Instagramable NAKHON Coffee Culture ATTRACTIONS! And more ... VOL. 01 MAY 2021 01 CHAROEN NAKHON How to get there? From 40 Suvarnabhumi international mins airport From 20 Sukhumvit rd mins (Siam-Asoke) From 5 BTS Krung mins Thon Buri Charoen Nakhon is located along Thailand’s most majestic river “The Chao Praya”. Widely regarded as Bangkok’s most popular trade route and cultural heritage site. From cool art and lifestyle hubs, ‘trendy cafes, and superb street eats to iconic riverside hotels, not to forget the unique shopping districts, life on Charoen Nakhon has never been more attractive. With the new BTS Gold Line on rails, Charoen Nakhon is one of the most desirable neighborhoods of Bangkok. 02 CHAROEN NAKHON About Charoen Nakhon There are few places in the world that make it possible for The riverside neighborhood can visitors to see its urban areas via boat. Charoen Nakhon is a be reached via a handful of BTS charming neighborhood situated in the Thonburi community on stations, or by boat, which is the western banks of the Chao Phraya River. Thonburi was the oftentimes a faster and more capital of Thailand for a short time in 1768, after Ayutthaya authentic way to see the city. was destroyed by the Burmese. After the capital was moved While many tourists who venture across the river, Thonburi became a separate city, but now it is this way come to stay in one of one of many districts that make up the city of Bangkok. -
Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V
Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V External Evaluator: Hiroyasu Otsu, Graduate School of Kyoto University Field Survey: August 2007 – March 2008 1. Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Myミャンマーanmar ラオスLaos Thailandタイ Banバンコクgkok ◎ カンボジアCambodia プロジェクトサイトProject Site Map of the project area Bangkok Subway (MRT Blue Line) 1.1 Background Accompanying the rapid economic development in Bangkok starting in the 1990s, regular traffic congestion and the associated air pollution became evident in the urban area. The Thai government drew up the Bangkok Mass Transit Master Plan (produced by the Office of the Commission for the Management of Road Traffic (OCMRT) and hereinafter referred to as the “master plan”) in 1995 based on the 7th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1992–1996) for the purpose of developing a mass transit network and also for developing a network of ordinary roads and expressways to achieve steady economic growth, together with resolving the above-mentioned traffic congestion and air pollution. Furthermore, the development of the mass transit network proposed in the master plan is also specified in the subsequent 8th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1997–2000), and it is positioned as an extremely important national project in Thailand. The plan for the Bangkok mass transit system, part of the master plan, involves the construction of five lines that will radiate out and join the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) with the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR)1 together with creating a network 1 The Bangkok Metropolitan Region includes Bangkok, which is a special administrative area, and the surrounding five provinces of Samut Prakan, Pathum Thani, Samut Sakhon, Nakhon Pathom, and Nonthaburi. -
Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Bangkok Mass Transit Development Project in Thailand
MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. EID JR 10-159 MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Mass Transit Development in Bangkok Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Study ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Scope of the Study............................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Counterpart Agency............................................................................................. 1-3 CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT IN BANGKOK .............................. 2-1 2.1 Legal Framework and Government Policy.......................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Relevant Agencies....................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 -
A Stigmatised Dialect
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF ACEHNESE WITH A FOCUS ON WEST ACEHNESE: A STIGMATISED DIALECT Zulfadli Bachelor of Education (Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia) Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) Thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics Faculty of Arts University of Adelaide December 2014 ii iii iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF ACEHNESE WITH A FOCUS ON WEST ACEHNESE: A STIGMATISED DIALECT i TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xv ABSTRACT xvii DECLARATION xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi CHAPTER 1 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preliminary Remarks ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Acehnese society: Socioeconomic and cultural considerations .......................... 1 1.2.1 Acehnese society .................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 Population and socioeconomic life in Aceh ......................................... 6 1.2.3 Workforce and population in Aceh ...................................................... 7 1.2.4 Social stratification in Aceh ............................................................... 13 1.3 History of Aceh settlement ................................................................................ 16 1.4 Outside linguistic influences on the Acehnese ................................................. 19 1.4.1 The Arabic language.......................................................................... -
Urban Rail in Jakarta and Jabodetabek (With Thanks to Fagra Hanif for Supporting Information)
Urban Rail in Jakarta and Jabodetabek (with thanks to Fagra Hanif for supporting information) Context Jakarta and the strategic metropolitan area known as Jabodetabek (Jakarta and the neighbouring municipalities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) has a population of 28mil (10mil Jakarta proper). This region has urban rail heritage, with the original suburban rail infrastructure dating from the early 20th century, during the Dutch colonial period (BOS -Batavia Ooster Spoorweg). Following independence, other priorities meant that funding for the network was constrained and this fact, combined with rapid urbanisation, growing prosperity and growth in car ownership, diminished the use and value of urban rail provision whilst also bringing congestion to the ‘over-capacity’ road network. In the late 1970s, the problems caused by underinvestment in the network became evident and since then, a combination of policy changes and increased resources have brought upgrading to the existing suburban network (double tracking, electrification, new rolling stock etc.), some false starts (monorail), and, more latterly, construction of modern ‘metro-type’ lines. With expansion and modernisation there has been much improvement to the urban rail setting in Jakarta and this city/region now has a comprehensive and interesting multi-modal rail footprint with further expansion in construction. Full Metro: Jakarta MRT The first full metro in Indonesia, Jakarta MRT, opened in late March 2019. The line runs from Lebak Bulus (shedding facilities) through the southern suburbs on viaduct to the Blok M shopping area before heading underground after ASEAN and proceeding below Jalan Surdirman and the main commercial area to the busiest station Dukuh Atas (transfer to KRL, Airport Line, TransJakarta BRT and the future LRT). -
Of BTS Skytrain, MRT and Airport Rail Link) Now Stands at 109.6Km, up from 84.8Km in the Previous Year
Annual Report BTS Rail Mass Transit Growth Infrastructure Fund (BTSGIF) For Period from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2017 Table of Contents Part Part 1 The Fund’s Operation 2 Management and Good Governance 1. Fund Information 2 7. Details of Investment Units 31 1.1 Name, Type, Fund Capital and 2 7.1 Investment Units 31 Term of Fund 7.2 Details of Unitholders 33 1.2 Name of Management Company and 2 7.3 Distributions of the Fund 33 Fund Supervisor 8. Management Structure 37 2. Policy, Overall Business and Seeking of 3 8.1 Management Company 37 Benefits 8.2 Infrastructure Asset Manager 49 2.1 Vision, Objective, Goal and 3 8.3 Fund Supervisor 52 Operating Strategies 8.4 Investment Advisory Committee 56 2.2 Significant Changes and Developments 7 8.5 Name, Address and Telephone Number 56 2.3 Relationship with the Business Groups of 8 of Auditor, Fund Registrar and Infrastructure Asset Manager or Asset Appraiser Major Unitholders 8.6 Punishment and Fine Penalty 57 2.4 Assets of the Fund 10 9. Corporate Governance 58 2.5 Seeking of Benefits from 12 9.1 Governance Policy 58 the Infrastructure Assets 9.2 Sub Committee 58 2.6 Borrowing 13 9.3 Protection of the Misuse of 59 3. Business and Industry Overview : 14 Inside Information Mass Transit 9.4 Investment Decision Making and Fund 59 4. Risk Factors 24 Management 5. Legal Dispute 27 9.5 Selection of the Asset Manager 60 6. Other Significant Information 29 9.6 Supervision of the Asset Manager’s 60 Operation 9.7 Supervision of the Fund’s Interest 60 9.8 Remuneration of the Management 62 Company 9.9 Disclosure of Information to 62 the Unitholders 9.10 Meeting of Unitholders 62 Part 3 Financial Position and Performance 9.11 Remuneration of the Auditor 64 13. -
Micronesica 32(2):221-228, 2000
Micronesica 32(2):221-228, 2000 Scarus fuscocaudalis, a new species of parrotfish (Perciformes: Labroidei: Scaridae) from the western Pacific JOHN E. RANDALL Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704 ROBERT F. MYERS P.O. Box 21153, GMF, Guam 96921 Abstract—The parrotfish Scarus fuscocaudalis is described from four specimens from Guam and Luzon. Underwater photographs verify its occurrence in the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan. This species is distinct in having 14 pectoral rays, 4 median predorsal scales, 3 rows of scales on the cheek, the lower row with 1 or 2 scales, and the following features of color pattern: initial phase brownish pink with blue-green stripes on abdomen, the large central part of caudal fin blackish; terminal males pink and green, with blue and pink stripes ventrally; head blue with pink stripes (a broad one on snout passing through lower eye to pectoral-fin base, and another from behind eye across upper part of operculum). Introduction The parrotfishes (family Scaridae) are easily recognized by the fusion of their teeth to form beak-like dental plates and by the bright coloration of most species, particularly the more colorful terminal males. Their sturdy dental plates and strong jaws enable them to scrape into algal-covered limestone and utilize algae no longer available to herbivores like surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) and sea chubs (Kyphosidae) that can only graze directly on the thalli. They grind the lime- stone fragments and algae with their unique pharyngeal dentition, thus making the algae more digestible. Because of their more efficient use of algae when cropped to low levels by other herbivores, they occupy an otherwise unused niche on the coral reef.