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Tesi Definitiva SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P. S. Mancini, 2 – 00196 - Roma TESI DI DIPLOMA DI MEDIATORE LINGUISTICO (Curriculum Interprete e Traduttore) Equipollente ai Diplomi di Laurea rilasciati dalle Università al termine dei Corsi afferenti alla classe delle LAUREE UNIVERSITARIE IN SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA L’INDIPENDENTISMO SARDO RELATORE CORRELATORI Prof.ssa Adriana Bisirri Prof.ssa Maria Nocito Prof. Wolfram Kraus Prof.ssa Claudia Piemonte CANDIDATO: MASSIMO MASCIA ANNO ACCADEMICO 2017/2018 1 Indice Introduzione ............................................................................................................................. 7 I. L’Indipendentismo sardo, o Sardismo ................................................................................ 10 I.1 Che cos’è l’Indipendentismo sardo? ............................................................................. 10 I.2 Differenza tra autonomismo e indipendentismo ........................................................... 10 I.3 L’insofferenza verso il “dominatore”, dall’Impero Romano ai Savoia ........................ 12 II. La perdita di autonomia della Sardegna sabauda .............................................................. 14 II.1 L’assegnazione del Regno di Sardegna al Duca di Savoia .......................................... 14 II.2 La Sarda Rivoluzione .................................................................................................. 17 II.2.a L’insurrezione cagliaritana del 1794 .................................................................... 17 II.2.b La secessione sassarese e i moti antifeudali ......................................................... 19 II.3 La “Fusione Perfetta” .................................................................................................. 22 III. La Questione sarda ........................................................................................................... 26 III.1 La Sardegna “fattoria del Piemonte, misera e affamata” ........................................... 26 III.2 La Questione sarda tra Regno di Sardegna e Regno d’Italia ...................................... 29 III.2.a La questione degli ademprivi .............................................................................. 29 III.2.b La viabilità .......................................................................................................... 32 III.3 Le conseguenze del malcontento e della sfiducia nello Stato centrale ....................... 34 III.3.a I moti de “su connottu” ....................................................................................... 34 III.3.b Le radici dell’autonomismo moderno ................................................................. 35 III.3.c Il banditismo ........................................................................................................ 38 III.3.d La letteratura sarda dell’epoca ............................................................................ 40 III.3.e Le rivolte operaie e i moti indipendentisti dei primi del Novecento ................... 41 IV. Il Sardismo in politica ...................................................................................................... 43 IV.1 Emilio Lussu e la fondazione del Partito Sardo d’Azione ......................................... 43 IV.2 Il periodo fascista ....................................................................................................... 45 IV.3 Il Dopoguerra e lo Statuto Speciale ........................................................................... 47 IV.4 La frammentazione del movimento sardista .............................................................. 50 V. Il Sardismo oggi ................................................................................................................ 52 V.1 La discrepanza tra la diffusione delle idee sardiste a livello sociale e il sostegno politico ............................................................................................................................... 52 V.2 Doddore Meloni e la Repubblica di Malu ‘Entu ......................................................... 54 V.3 L’indipendentismo sardo nel quadro europeo e mondiale .......................................... 56 V.4 La questione della lingua............................................................................................. 58 Conclusione ............................................................................................................................ 61 2 ENGLISH SECTION: ............................................................................................................ 64 SARDINIAN NATIONALISM ............................................................................................. 64 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 66 I. Sardinian Nationalism ........................................................................................................ 67 I.1 What is Sardinian Nationalism? ................................................................................... 67 I.2 Autonomism and independence .................................................................................... 67 I.3 The intolerance of foreign rulers .................................................................................. 68 II. The loss of autonomy of the Kingdom of Sardinia ........................................................... 70 II.1 The Savoyards become Kings of Sardinia ................................................................... 70 II.2 The Sardinian Revolution ............................................................................................ 72 II.3 The Perfect Fusion ....................................................................................................... 77 II.4 The Sardinian Question ............................................................................................... 80 III. The political expression of Sardinian Nationalism .......................................................... 82 III.1 The Sardinian Action Party ........................................................................................ 82 III.2 The current situation .................................................................................................. 83 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 86 DEUTSCHER ABSCHNITT: ................................................................................................ 88 DER SARDISCHE NATIONALISMUS ............................................................................... 88 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 89 I. Der sardische Nationalismus .............................................................................................. 90 I.1 Was ist der sardische Nationalismus? ........................................................................... 90 I.2 Die Ursprünge des sardisches Nationalismus ............................................................... 91 II. Die sardische Frage ........................................................................................................... 93 II.1 Als die Savoyen Könige von Sardinien wurden .......................................................... 93 II.2 Die sardische Frage zwischen dem Königreich Sardinien und dem Königreich Italien ............................................................................................................................................ 95 III. Die Gründung der ersten nationalistischen Parteien ........................................................ 97 III.1 Emilio Lussu und die Sardische Aktionspartei .......................................................... 97 III.2 Das schwierige Verhältnis zum Faschismus .............................................................. 98 III.3 Die Nachkriegszeit und das Autonomie-Statut .......................................................... 99 IV. Die Entwicklung des sardischen Nationalismus bis heute ............................................. 101 IV.1 Die Zersplitterung der sardischen nationalistischen Bewegung .............................. 101 IV.2 Die Diskrepanz zwischen der Ausbreitung des Nationalismus auf sozialer Ebene und der politischen Unterstützung .......................................................................................... 102 Schlussfolgerungen .............................................................................................................. 104 3 Bibliografia .......................................................................................................................... 106 Sitografia .............................................................................................................................. 109 4 5 SEZIONE ITALIANA: L’INDIPENDENTISMO SARDO 6 Introduzione La presente tesi ha come oggetto l’analisi del Sardismo, delle sue correnti, della sua storia e della sue motivazioni. La ragione che mi ha spinto a svolgere questa ricerca è innanzitutto la passione per la Sardegna, mia terra natale, unitamente al desiderio di analizzare i movimenti autonomisti e indipendentisti che rappresentano per l’isola una parte importante del suo passato come del suo presente,
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