Proceedings of the Solar World Congress 2005 Bringing Water To

Proceedings of the Solar World Congress 2005

Bringing Water to the World

Including Proceedings of 34th ASES Annual Conference & Proceedings of 30th National Passive Solar Conference Orlando, Florida, USA

6-12 August 2005

Volume 1 of 4

Editors:

D. Y. Goswami S. Vijayaraghavan R. Campbell-Howe

ISBN: 978-1-62276-263-7 Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version.

Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2012)

For permission requests, please contact American Solar Energy Society at the address below.

American Solar Energy Society 2400 Central Avenue Suite A Boulder, Colorado 80301

Phone: (303) 443-3130 Fax: (303) 443-3212 [email protected]

Additional copies of this publication are available from:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

SOLAR IN BUILDINGS

PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY ARCHITECTURE

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

A Solar School Building in a Temperate Region in Argentina...... 1 C. Fillippin, A. Beascochea, S. Flores, G. Lesino

Study on Operation Pattern of Coupled Traditional Heating (Chinese Kang) and Passive Solar Heating in Rural Residence in Cold Region of China ...... 7 B. Chen, Z. Zhuang, X. Jia, X. Chen

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Importance of Passive Solar Design for Cyprus ...... 13 P. Lapithis

Sustainable Requalification of Social Housing: A Case Study in Rome...... 19 M. De Matteis, C. Frazzoni, M. Olivetti

Housing Comparison between Charleston, South Carolina and Changsha, China...... 26 F. Rifki, Y. Long

Passive Solar Design Considerations for Cyprus...... 32 P. Lapithis

Environmental Features of the Early Modernist Office Building in Brazil - Precedents for Bioclimatic Design in the Tropics...... 38 R. Tenorio

Passive Houses: Achievable Concepts for Low CO2 Housing...... 45 H. Kaan, B. De Boer

TOWARD ZERO NET ENERGY

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

An International Review of Low and Zero Energy Home Initiatives...... 49 R. Charron, A. Athienitis

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

BEopt: Software for Identifying Optimal Building Designs on the Path to Zero Net Energy...... 55 C. Christensen, S. Horowitz, A. Courtney, T. Givler, G. Barker

Setting a New Standard - The Zero Energy Home Experience in California...... 61 M. Keesee

Toward a Zero Net Energy Office Facility in the Northeastern U.S...... 67 J. Hackler, M. Ernst

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of the Solar Decathlon Home ...... 76 M. Navvab, J. Varodompum

PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE IN PERSPECTIVE

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Site Organisation in Karst Region as a Function of Insolation...... 82 Z. Kristl, A. Krainer

The Interstitium and the Ritual Use of Space ...... 88 R. Knowles

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Kahn in the Tropics...... 94 Z. Ali

3,000 Years of Passive Solar Architecture in a Hot Arid Climate ...... 100 M. Schiler, R. Kristan

The Preservation of Historic Thermal Environmental Systems ...... 105 N. Rajkovich, G. Thomson

Beam: Shedding Light on Building Performance Education ...... 111 I. Elzeyadi

PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Thermal Mass Benefits for Passive Solar Design in Production Homes ...... 116 B. Baccei, A. Bhargava, R. Hammon

Solar Orientation Impacts on Production Home Communities ...... 122 A. Bhargava, B. Baccei, R. Hammon, M. Mrohs

Fine Arts Pavilion at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas: The Beauty of Green Design ...... 128 A. Fernández-González, D. Overbey

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Ve.L.E. Approach: Energy Saving and Summer Overheating Control ...... 134 O. Pagani, M. Bonomi

Learning at the Library: Hood River, Oregon...... 138 W. Grondzik, A. Kwok

Passive Solar Buildings in a Temperate Climate in Argentina ...... 144 C. Fillippin, A. Beascochea, S. Flores, G. Lesino

BUILDING ENERGY ANALYSIS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Investigating the Potential for Local Carbon Emission Reductions: Developing a GIS-Based Domestic Energy, Carbon-Counting and Carbon Reduction Model ...... 151 R. Gupta

Solar, Daylighting and Airflow Performance of a Botanical Garden...... 158 M. Navvab, J. Varodompum

An Energetic-Economic Optimization Model for the Design of Office Buildings...... 164 A. Yezioro, I. Guedi Capeluto

Sustainable Design for a Mobile and Adaptable Envelope Systems Research Apparatus (ESRA) ...... 170 N. Chalfoun, A. Poole

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Six High-Performance Buildings ...... 176 P. Torcellini, S. Pless, D. Crawley

Solar and Daylight Performance of a Building with Glass Roof and Multilateral Glass Shading System ...... 182 J. Varodompum, M. Navvab

Design and Evaluation of Solar DHW and Floor Heating House in Mild Climate Region...... 188 M. Udagawa, H. Roh

Design Challenges for Cost Savings in Low-Cost Public Housing in the Southwest US ...... 194 D. Ananthakrishnan, R. Boehm

MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Optical Constants of VO2 Thermochromic Film and Design of Solar Energy Control Window ...... 200 M. Tazawa, P. Jin, G. Xu, K. Yoshimura

The Techno/Social History of an Idea: Moveable Insulation ...... 206 H. Hay

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Infrared Optical Properties of Polar Ethylene Copolymer Films for Transparent Insulation and Greenhouse Applications...... 212 G. Oreski, G. Wallner

Photocatalytic Glass Reactor for Solar-Assisted Air Purification ...... 216 R. Lam, M. Leung, D. Leung, L. Vrijmoed, W. Yam, S. Ng, P. Chu

Harmonisation of Solar Radiation and Outside Temperature Impact in Building with Fuzzy Logic Control ...... 220 A. Krainer, J. Peternelj, M. Trobec Lah, B. Zupancic

The Effects of Ventilation on Performance of BIPV System...... 226 Jin-Hee Kim, Jun-Tae Kim

BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

BIPV Performance Losses due to Higher Temperatures: Possible Solutions from Evaporation ...... 230 J. McCabe

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a BIPV System ...... 236 L. Liao, A. Athienitis, K. Park, Y. Poissant

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Climate and Latitude Effects for BIPV Shade Elements ...... 242 J. Henson

Avenues to Encourage Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installations in New York City ...... 248 A. Pereira, A. Bar, T. Thompson

Ex-BIPV - Exploring the Concepts of Tomorrow...... 253 K. Hermstad, A. Slupinski

Multifunctional, Transparent PV-Façade for the Energetic Rehabilitation of an Office Building in Barcelona...... 258 T. Masseck

Building Integration of Photovoltaics Criteria - BIPV Schemes for Architects...... 263 S. Krawietz

The Experimental Study on the Application of the PV System in the Curtain Wall...... 268 M. Oh, H. Kim

BUILDING INTEGRATED SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Combination of Solar Collectors and Ground-Source Heat Pump for Small Buildings ...... 274 E. Kjellsson, G. Hellström, B. Perers

Experimental Investigation of Thermocirculation Process of Trombe Wall in a Full Scale Passive Solar House...... 280 B. Chen, P. Sun, H. Chen

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Durable Free Energy Dwelling -- Solar For Habitat for Humanity ...... 286 D. Wright

Advanced Storage Concepts for Solar Houses and Low Energy Buildings – IEA-SHC Task 32...... 291 C. Bales, J. Hadorn, H. Drück, W. Streicher

Trombe Wall System for Poultry Brooding ...... 297 W. Okonkwo, C. Akubuo

A New Model to Simulate Earth to Air Heat Exchangers for Passive Heating and Cooling in Buildings ...... 303 N. Hfaiedh, C. Bouden

THERMAL INTEGRATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Architectural Integration of Solar Thermal Collectors: Results of a European Survey...... 316 M. Munari-Probst, C. Roecker, A. Schueler

Economic Analysis of the Cost Effectiveness of Passive Solar Heating Strategies in the Midwest of the United States ...... 322 A. Fernández-González, A. Ugursal

The Application of a Validated Numerical Model to Predict the Energy Conservation Potential of Using Phase Change Materials in the Fabric of a Building ...... 328 M. Huang, P. Eames, N. Hewitt

Thermal Mass Benefits with TOU Rates Structure...... 335 A. Bhargava, B. Baccei, R. Hammon

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Solar Systems with Facade-integrated Collectors...... 340 T. Matuska, B. Sourek

Mathematical Analysis of Profiled Cladding Products as a Source of Solar Heat and Passive Ventilation for Large Buildings...... 346 E. Stevenson, P. Jones, D. Alexander, V. John, B. Jones

COMFORT AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Improving Energy Efficiency and Temperature Control in a Passive-Solar Housing Development...... 352 V. Martinez, P. Gurian, S. Cook

Research on Thermal Environment and Residents' Control Behaviors of Floor Heating System in Korea ...... 358 C. Chun, H. Kim, N. Bae, J. Park

Post Occupancy Design Intervention to Improve Comfort and Energy Performance in a Desert House ...... 364 V. Lerum, V. Koti

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

A Humanistic Approach to Building Design, to Achieve Comfort and Optimize Building Energy Use ...... 371 S. Narayan, I. Lavedrine, M. McClintock

Energy-Saving Apartments in a Semiarid Region in Argentina...... 376 C. Fillippin, A. Beascochea, S. Flores, G. Lesino

Evaluation of Outdoor Thermal Environment Considering the Effect of Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Radiation ...... 382 Y. Shiraishi, H. Kagawa, J. Nakano

Using of Electrochromic Windows Controlling the Thermal Comfort of Rooms...... 388 A. Donath

ROLES OF THE ROOF

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Simulation of a Roof-Integrated Solar Heating System with PCM Thermal Storage...... 394 E. Halawa, W. Saman, F. Bruno

Analysis of a Roof Integrated Solar Air Collector...... 400 M. Belusko, W. Saman, F. Bruno

Special Greenhouse for Walnut Grafting in Arid Regions...... 406 V. García, A. Iriarte, G. Lesino, S. Larsen, C. Matias

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Comparing Horizontal and Tilted Photovoltaic Arrays ...... 412 R. Swenson

The Green Roof and Energy Performance - Rooftop Data Analyzed ...... 416 T. Leonard, J. Leonard

White Roof Turning Green ...... 424 V. Lerum

PASSIVE COOLING ANALYSIS AND EXAMPLES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Testing and Modeling an Evaporative Passive Cooling System in a Hot Humid Climate - Maracaibo...... 430 E. González, B. Givoni

Study on Ventilation Patterns of an Advanced Trombe Wall for Passive Cooling of Building under Marine Climate...... 436 J. Zhao, B. Chen, Y. Ding, H. Chen

Comparing Performance of Three Passive Cooling Systems in Maracaibo ...... 442 B. Givoni, E. González

The Impact of Overhang Design on the Performance of the Electrochromic Windows ...... 448 A. Tavil, E. Lee

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Kolkata: Comfort in Courtyard Houses, India...... 454 N. Das, R. Gabbard, G. Coates

Why Design Matters: Comparing Three Passive Cooling Strategies in Sixteen Different Climates ...... 460 M. Milne, C. Gomez, D. Leeper, P. Laroche, J. Morton

KeepCool - An Integrated Planning Tool for the Reduction and the Prevention of Air Conditioning in Office Buildings...... 466 F. Heidt, J. Clemens

Effects of Combining Smart Shading and Ventilation on Thermal Comfort...... 472 P. La Roche, M. Milne

Study on the Passive Cooling Methods by the Evaporation and Solar Reflection on the Rooftop in a Temperate Climate Region...... 478 S. Yoon, Y. Ashie, T. Abe

A Passive Courtyard Home in Jaipur, India: Design Analysis for Thermal Comfort in a Hot Desert Climate...... 487 T. Narayan

Night Ventilation and Active Cooling Coupled Operation for the Large Supermarkets in Cold Climates in China...... 493 L. Wu, J. Zhao, Z. Wang, F. Gao

DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EXAMPLES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

An Automated Device to Assess Light Redirecting Properties of Materials and Perform Sun Course Simulations: The Heliodome Project ...... 499 M. Andersen, D. Ljubicic, C. Browne, S. Kleindienst, M. Culpepper

Assessment of Luminance Distribution Using HDR Photography ...... 505 L. Beltran, B. Martins Mogo

Microclimatic Impact: Glare around the Walt Disney Concert Hall ...... 511 M. Schiler, E. Valmont

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Balancing Act: A Study of Daylighting and Thermal Performance in Ithaca, New York ...... 517 C. Stansell, K. Distefano, R. Millett, M. Ballantyne, Y. Terada, N. Rajkovich

Low-Cost Dish Concentrator/Tracker Development for Hybrid Lighting...... 523 R. Taylor, R. Davenport

New Designs in Active Daylighting: Good Ideas Whose Time Has (Finally) Come...... 529 L. Kinney, R. McCluney, G. Cler, J. Hutson

Study on Calibration Method for Direct Mirror Sunlighting System...... 535 T. Fujisawa, S. Ohya, S. Matsumura

The Role of Daylighting in LEEDTM Certification: A Comparative Evaluation of Documentation Methods...... 539 K. Carrier, M. Ubbelohde

The Influence of Atrium Orientation on the Daylight Performance in an Office Building ...... 545 E. Giovannopoulou, M. Schiler, R. Knowles

Daylight in Schools: R.D. & Euzelle P. Smith Middle School, Chapel Hill N.C. - Daylight Dividends Case Study...... 551 J. Zubizarreta, M. Nicklas, P. Morante

Luminous Efficacy Models of Solar Radiation for the Northeast of Brazil...... 557 S. Leal, C. Tiba, E. Barbosa, R. Melo

Analysis of the Indoor Daylight Performance of a Light-shelf System ...... 562 Y. Cho, B. Kim

SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES & POLICIES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Energy Considerations for Buildings and Cities, Based on Sustainable Development. Case S.M. De Tucumán...... 571 G. Gonzalo, S. Ledsma, V. Nota

Sustainable Urban Settlement Design in Italy...... 577 B. Del Brocco

PEER REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Nature Conservation + Spirituality = Sustainability...... 583 A. Rajvanshi

The Project Göteborg 2050: Working with Visions of a Sustainable Society...... 587 E. Löwendahl, J. Swahn, H. Eek

Solar Energy in Service of Faith-Based Organizations: Harvesting More Than Energy from Solar Power...... 590 G. Wolfson

Promotion of Sustainable Forms of Renewable Energy Key to Poverty Eradication Strategies among Poor People in Rural Areas of Kenya - A Call for Support ...... 596 J. Ndegwa, M. Githinji

Renewable Hydrogen -- International Pathways and Progress ...... 600 P. Middleton, J. Ohi, D. Renné, C. Lowry

The Production Peaks in Petroleum and Natural Gas: Information, Misinformation, Awareness, and Implications...... 606 R. Swenson, F. De Winter

SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Criteria for the Integration of Solar Energy Installations in Urban Planning...... 612 G. López Lara, F. Fernández-Llebrez Rosa, M. Villanueva Romero

The Growing Need for Solar-Access Zoning ...... 618 R. Knowles

Solar Energy Systems and Environmental Comfort Techniques for an Allotment in Rio Das Ostras District - RJ, Brazil...... 625 H. Ribeiro, A. Serôa Da Motta

Method for the Design of Solar Communities Keeping Solar Rights ...... 631 T. Bleiberg, I. Capeluto, A. Yezioro, E. Shaviv

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Tools for the Mitigation of the Urban Heat Island ...... 637 H. Bryan, T. Elhinnawy, P. Sam Antia

Sustainability for Developing Countries Based on Standards for Developed Countries ...... 643 A. Deshmukh, R. Sutaria

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Emerging Architecture: A Small Practice in Namibia...... 647 N. Maritz

Building Zero Energy Solar Homes for Low Income Families in Chicago...... 653 A. Hathaway

Photovoltaics as a Tool for the Preservation of Fragile Environments: The Island of Lampedusa and Valle Ossi in Italy...... 659 C. Abbate

Beyond Zero Energy Homes...... 665 S. Heckeroth, C. Heckeroth

Sustainable Design, LEEDTM, and the Rawlins Field Office ...... 670 R. Azerbegi, J. Bradburn

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CASE STUDIES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Artists for Humanity Epicenter: A Successful Model for the Sustainable Design Process...... 676 M. Kelley III, P. Cornelison

A Comparative Analysis of Efficiencies in Low-Cost Housing in Cape Town, South Africa ...... 682 A. Barker

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Visitors' Interpretive Centre for a Prehistoric Rock Art Site at Twyfelfontein, Namibia ...... 688 N. Maritz

The Extreme Climate Housing of KST-Hokkaido: the Petchka as a Ventilation Device...... 694 J. Wasley, M. Meiling

“Milagro” A Sustainable Co-Housing Community Located in the Sonoran Desert in Tucson, Arizona, USA...... 700 N. Chalfoun

Results From Hospitals - Exemplar European Health Care Buildings - Case Studies from 5 European Demonstration Projects ...... 705 O. Jørgensen

Trigeneration as a Modern Option of Energy Conservation in Buildings...... 711 D. Chwieduk, W. Pomierny, A. Umer, R. Critoph, G. Restuccia, R. De Boer, V. Melisurgo

SUSTAINABLE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Solar Electrification of Remote Inaccessible Villages: The Barefoot Approach ...... 717 B. Roy, A. Joshi

Social Aspects and Impacts of Rural PV Electrification in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ...... 723 J. Green

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Green Empowerment Development Model for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Projects ...... 729 S. Kassels, W. Ratterman, M. Royce

The Role of Governance in the Sustainability of Community Owned and Operated Rural Energy Systems ...... 735 M. Ross, T. Wilson, A. Romero Paredes

Photovoltaic for Sustainable Livelihoods in Off-Grid Areas of Bangladesh ...... 740 F. Ahmed, J. Aman, M. Islam

Native American Sustainable Energy Systems - Navajo Solar Electric Case Study...... 746 S. Begay-Campbell, J. Coots, B. Mar

SOLAR COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGIES

PROGRESS IN COLLECTOR DESIGN AND MATERIAL

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Limiting Stagnation Temperatures in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors ...... 749 S. Harrison, Q. Lin, L. Mesquita

VOLUME 2

Sol-Gel Deposition and Optical Characterization of Multilayered Silicon Oxide/Titanium Silicon Mixed Oxide Thin Films on Solar Collector Glasses ...... 755 A. Schüler, E. De Chambrier, C. Roecker, J. Scartezzini, D. Dutta, G. De Temmerman, P. Oelhafen

Study on Two-Phase Heat Transfer Mechanism from Heating Surface of Solar Collector to the Fluid ...... 763 J. Kim, M. Kim

Optimization of Solar Energy Collection Using SOCOL...... 769 J. Garrison

Application of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method to Solar Light Absorption Coating of Al-N Films with Surface Roughness...... 775 H. IIjima, K. Katazakai, T. Ishiguro

Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of a Three Layer Solution Chamically Derived Spectrally Selective Absorber ...... 779 T. Bostrom, E. Wäckelgård, G. Westin

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Single Cathode Sputtered Selective Solar Absorbing Surfaces...... 785 Z. Yin

Solar Air Collector - Development and Optimization of Existing Elements for Facades ...... 791 A. Delahaye, B. Hoffschmidt, F. Späte, U. Stuckmann, S. Warerkar, W. Fryn, H. Kinast, B. Bonnema

The Novel Solar Water Heating by means of Thermoelectric Modules...... 795 S. Maneewan, S. Chindaruksa, J. Waewsak

Synthesis by Concentrated Solar Radiation of Fluorit-Like Solid Solutions on the ZrO2-CaO (MgO) -Gd2O3 Systems and Their Properties ...... 800 D. Gulamova, S. Gornostaeva, T. Ismailova, J. Turdiev, M. Zufarov, A. Lejebokov

Bi-Dimensional Study of Heat and Mass Transfer in Adsorption Solar Reactor ...... 804 E. Aroudam

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Performance of Flat-Plate Collectors with Two-Positional Active Tracking ...... 810 T. Tomson, G. Tamm

Thermal Performance Comparisons of the Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors of Different Absorber Tubes...... 815 Y. Kim, T. Beom Seo, Y. Heack Kang, G. Young Han

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Mechanical Performance of Polymer Tubes Intended for Use in Solar Heat Exchangers ...... 821 A. Freeman, S. Mantell, J. Davidson

Investigation and Comparison of Different Model Equations for Unglazed Collectors...... 830 K. Vajen, E. Frank, C. Jipp

Analysis of the Collector Test Procedures for Steady State and Quasi Dynamic Test Conditions in View of the Collector Coefficients Uncertainties and Model Stability...... 836 M. Kratzenberg, H. Beyer, S. Colle, A. Albertazzi, S. Güths, D. Fernandes, P. Oikawa, R. Machado, D. Petzoldt

Design, Construction and Testing of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for a Developing-country Application...... 849 M. Brooks, I. Mills, T. Harms

Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphons with a Liquid Retention Structure for SDHWs...... 855 S. Abreu, J. Destri, S. Colle

Test and Simulation of Solar Thermal Collectors with Multi-Axial Incident Angle Behavior ...... 860 S. Fischer, W. Heidemann, H. Mueller-Steinhagen

Performance Model for Solar Thermal Collectors Taking into Account Degradation Effects ...... 863 E. Streicher, S. Fischer, W. Heidemann, H. Mueller-Steinhagen

Design, Manufacture and Installation of a Solar Simulator for the Green Laboratory at Pontificia Universidade Catolica De Minas Gerais in Brazil ...... 868 C. Zahler, F. Luginsland, A. Haeberle, E. Marques, D. Pereira, J. Fraunhofer, M. Rommel

CONCENTRATING SOLAR COLLECTORS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Determination of Electrical Conversion Efficiencies and Concentrating Factors of Fabricated Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators Using a Continuous Solar Simulator ...... 874 S. Gallagher, B. Norton, P. Eames

Quantum Dot Solar Concentrator Device Characterisation Using Spectroscopic Techniques...... 881 S. Gallagher, B. Rowan, J. Doran, B. Norton

Numerical Simulation of Heat Losses by Natural Convection and Surface Thermal Radiation in an Open Tilted Shallow Cavity ...... 886 J. Hinojosa, C. Estrado, G. Alvarez, R. Cabanillas

Numerical Simulation of Heat Losses by Natural Convection in an Open Tilted Cubic Cavity...... 892 J. Hinojosa, C. Estrado, G. Alvarez

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Nonimaging Reflective Lenses: A New Type of High-Heat Solar Collectors...... 898 S. Vasylyev, V. Vasylyev

Construction of a 4 kWt Dish Concentrator System Using Older Parabolic Antenna Technology...... 903 R. Cabanillas, J. Perez, H. Munguia, C. Villegas, C. Iriarte, J. Hinojosa

Description and Performance of a TRNSYS Model of the Solargenix Tracking Power RoofTM...... 909 T. Cleveland

Stationary Focus Tracking Solar Concentrators for Cooking and Process Applications...... 915 D. Gadhia, T. Shah

Optimal Design of Stationary Nonevacuated CPC Solar Concentrator with Fully Illuminated Wedge Receivers ...... 921 C. Tiba, N. Fraidenraich, B. Brandao

Thermal Performance of Composed Pipe in a Parabolic Trough Collector...... 927 A. Torres, R. Lugo, J. Zamora

Theoretical Analysis of a Conical-Bucket Solar Concentrator for Fluid Heating ...... 933 M. El-Refaie

Features of Properties of Materials Synthesized in Solar Furnace...... 939 D. Gulamova

Flow Distribution in a Solar Collector Panel with Horizontal Fins...... 945 J. Fan, L. Shah, S. Furbo

VACUUM COLLECTORS

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Long Term Performance and Reliability of Two Evacuated Collectors ...... 951 W. Duff, K. Vanoli

Numerical Investigations of an All-Glass Evacuated Tubular Collector ...... 957 L. Shah, S. Furbo

Performance and Reliability Evaluation of the Sacramento Demonstration Novel ICPC Solar Collectors...... 963 W. Duff, J. Daosukho, R. Winston, J. O'Gallagher, J. Bergquam, T. Henkel

Theoretical Investigations of Differently Designed Heat Pipe Evacuated Tubular Collectors...... 969 L. Shah, S. Furbo

Study on the Residual Gas in All-Glass Evacuated Collector Tubes...... 975 X. Zhou, Z. Yin, G. Dong, S. Zheng

Long Term Thermal Performance of Evacuated Tubular Solar Collector System for Industrial Process Heat in Korea...... 978 H. Kwak, C. Choi

PV TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

FUTURE GENERATIONS SOLAR CELLS AND CONCENTRATORS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

On the TiO2/TCO Contact in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells...... 983 I. Zumeta, L. Curbelo, J. Ayllón, E. Vigil

TiO2/SiO2 Nanocomposite Electrode Prepared by Electrodepositon for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells...... 988 T. Nguyen, H. Lee, K. Kim, O. Yang

Industrial Design Way of DSCS Panel with High Efficiency...... 994 S. Dai, J. Weng, Y. Sui, S. Chen, S. Xiao, Y. Huang, F. Kong, X. Pan, L. Hu, X. Fan, C. Shi, K. Wang

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

High Efficiency Concentrator Multi-Junction Solar Cells and Modules ...... 998 M. Yamaguchi, T. Takamoto, K. Araki

Photovoltaic Effect and Photopoling of Polymethylmethacrylate Doped with Dimethylaminobenzylidene 1,3 – Indandione Cells ...... 1004 I. Kaulach, I. Muzikante, P. Shipkovs, J. Ekmanis, G. Kashkarova

Obtaining Heterostructures with Quantum Dots for Solar Cells and Their Properties ...... 1009 A. Minailov, T. Kupriyanova

Externally Unbiased Electron Injection from Copper Oxide to Porous Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide...... 1013 E. Vigil, J. A. Ayllón, B. González, I. Zumeta, L. Curbelo

Optimization of Organic/Polymer Solar Cells in both Space and Energy/Time Domains...... 1017 S. Sun

SOLAR CELL MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

PV Energy Payback vs. PV Input Energy Due to Market Growth...... 1023 A. Black

Aging Mechanisms and Delamination Behaviour of Polymeric Multi-Layer Films for PV Encapsulation...... 1028 G. Oreski, G. Wallner

Effect of Magnetic Field on Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell Studied in Modeling: Capacitance and Space Charge Region Width Determination ...... 1034 S. Madougou, I. Barro, G. Sissoko

Ellipsometric Analysis of Cobalt-Oxide Solar Selective Coatings on Different Substrates ...... 1040 E. Barrera, J. Martinez, A. Avila, M. Ortega

Coefficient of Performance of Mono- and Multi-Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Panels...... 1045 M. Bahadori, K. Zamzamian

Effect of Stainless Steel Substrate Thickness on the CIGSS Thin Film Solar Cell ...... 1051 A. Kadam, A. Jahagirdar, N. Dhere

Review of Rapid Thermal Process and Setup for Fabrication of Absorber Layer for CIGSS Solar Cells by RTP...... 1055 N. Dhere, S. Kulkarni, J. Shirolikar, M. Nugent

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Advanced Inline Quality Control for Crystalline Silicon Wafer and Solar Cells ...... 1060 P. Fath, E. Rüland, P. Vandewalle, S. Wansleben

New Chlorine-Free Solar-Grade Silicon Technology ...... 1064 E. Belov, N. Efimov, E. Lebedev, V. Zadde, A. Pinov, D. Strebkov, K. Touryan, D. Blake

The Effect of the Growth Rate on Polycrystallinity of II-VI Films in Chemical Vapor Deposition for use in Solar Cells...... 1070 T. Razykov, K. Kouchkarov

The Graded Optical Band Gap (GBG) in Hydrogenated Nanoamorphous Silicon (Na-Sih) Solar Cell Prepared by Plasma Enhance Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) ...... 1073 Y. Huacong, C. Rongqiang, M. Fanying, Z. Zhanxia, W. He, Y. Hong, H. Yuliang

Performance Enhancement of CIGSs Absorber Layer on Glass Substrate ...... 1081 A. Kadam, A. Jahagirdar, N. Dhere

Gigawatt-Scale Manufacturing of Discrete Flexible CIGS Solar Cells as a Near-Term Catalyst for the Transition to a “Solar Economy”...... 1085 J. Tuttle, T. Schuyler

PV APPLICATIONS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Integrating PV/Thermal Concentrator Systems into Buildings...... 1091 D. Strebkov, P. Litvinov, Y. Kuzhnurov, E. Tveryanovich, I. Tyukhov, S. Kivalov

Renewable Hydrogen Based Off-Grid Power System Control System ...... 1096 S. Uppapalli, D. Donovan, B. Wood, R. Jacobson, M. Wetzel

Performance of Photovoltaic and Thermal Hybrid Air Collectors...... 1102 S. Ito, K. Sato, N. Miura

Effect of Photovoltaic Cover on Urban Surface Energy Balance...... 1108 S. Nagpal, S. Shah

Application of Wind Tunnel Testing and Finite Element Analysis to Development of a Photovoltaic Module Mounting System...... 1114 M. Bowler, M. Huber, M. Lobo

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

PV Research and Technological Development in Russia ...... 1120 D. Strebkov, A. Irodionov

Two Decades of PV Lessons Learned in Latin America ...... 1126 R. Foster, A. Cota

Solar Lanterns for Remote Areas...... 1132 S. Tavaranan, J. Duffy

Validated Simulation of the Influence of Insolation and System Sizing on the Performance of PV Pumping Systems ...... 1138 I. Odeh, Y. Yohanis, B. Norton

Development of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind System for Academic Purposes...... 1143 R. Soler-Bientz

Amorphous-Silicon Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Collector System in Thailand...... 1149 S. Jaikla, T. Nualboonrueng, P. Sichanugrist

Disasters: Photovoltaics for Special Needs ...... 1153 W. Young Jr.

Experimental Performance of a Frequency Converter Driving a PV Pumping System ...... 1158 R. Melo, N. Fraidenraich, O. Vilela

Electrification of Villages: A Case Study of Mustung Village near Quetta (Pakistan) ...... 1164 S. Ilyas, S. Nasir, S. Raza

Solar Roof Špansko-Croatia, First Year of Operation...... 1169 L. Majdandzic, Z. Matic

Hybrid Solar Generation for Rural Decentralized Electrification in the Semi-Arid Northeast of Brazil - Description of the ZaZa System...... 1173 E. Barbosa, R. Oliveira, C. Tiba, N. Fraidenraich, E. Vieira

Photovoltaic Reincarnation – Using Salvaged PV in the Eco Office...... 1178 V. Sami, J. Nicolow, A. Campolucci

Characteristics of PV Power Generation System in Japan...... 1184 N. Mori, H. Fukao, M. Saito, M. Nakamura, Y. Sato, M. Morita

PV BALANCE-OF-SYSTEMS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Quantitative Design and Implementation of Two-Stage Grid-Connected PV Inverter With DSP-Based Controller...... 1190 S. Chiang, Y. Lai, K. Chai, Y. Tzou

An MPPT Control Method to Acquire the Maximum Power over All Types of Irradiations Variously Changing with Weather Conditions...... 1196 N. Mutoh, M. Ohno, T. Inoue

Optimal Reliability Design Method for Remote Solar Systems ...... 1205 N. Suwapaet, J. Duffy

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Innovative Micro-Inverter for the AC PV Building Block or AC Modules...... 1211 W. Bower, A. Dickerson, R. West

Development of High-Frequency Transformer Inverter Topologies for Small-Power Grid-Connected PV Inverters...... 1217 A. Wang, B. Chen, Y. Tzou

Characterization and Measuring in Test Facilities PV Grid Connected Inverters...... 1222 L. D. Gomez, M. A. C. Gil, A. C. Santos, J. C. Ibanez, J. P. Arroba, R. J. Castaneda

Development of a Low Cost Control System for a Solar Tracker ...... 1228 F. Monteiro, O. Vilela, N. Fraidenraich

A Side by Side Comparison of Maximum Power Point Tracking Charge Controllers for a Stand-Alone PV System ...... 1233 F. Collins, J. Kreider

Review of PV Inverter Technologies for Practical Implementation...... 1238 K. Chai, Y. Lin, J. Hsu, Y. Tzou

Modeling and Simulation of Stand-Alone Power Photovoltaic System Using Artificial Neural Network ...... 1244 A. Mellit, A. Benghanem

GRID-CONNECTED PV SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

An Alternative Method to Regression Analysis for PV System STC Rating...... 1250 J. Bing, E. Kern Jr., C. Sumaoy

Experimental Validation of Algebraic Methods to Predict the Outdoors Electrical Performance of Monocrystalline Silicon PV Modules in Southern Europe Climates ...... 1256 M. Fuentes, G. Nofuentes, J. Aguilera, D. Talavera, M. Castro

Comparative Analysis of the Influence of the Climatic Conditions in Europe on the Efficiency of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System...... 1262 G. Lopez, I. Lillo

Economic Analysis of Grid Connected PV Systems in South East Queensland...... 1267 K. Khouzam

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Performance Monitoring of 900 Individual Photovoltaic Systems in Sacramento ...... 1273 O. Bartholomy, M. Sheridan

Results from the California PV Testing and Evaluation Project: A Third-Party Evaluation of Currently Available PV Systems ...... 1279 W. Brooks, J. Newmiller, T. Townsend, C. Whitaker

One Megawatt Photovoltaic Plant Completes Twenty One Years of Successful Operation...... 1285 G. Nelson, A. Rosenthal

Multi-Year Performance Assessment of Two PV Installation Clusters ...... 1289 S. Wiese, L. Moore, C. Hanley

A 10 kWp Photovoltaic Grid Connected System – Planning and Checking the System Components ...... 1295 I. Farkas, I. Seres, L. Koksis

Grid-Connected Photovoltaics in Brazil ...... 1301 R. Ruther, W. Reguse, M. Dacoregio, P. Knob, C. Jardim, I. Salamoni, R. Ricardo, A. Diniz

California's Self-Generation Incentive Program PV Systems: Measured Performance and Actual Costs ...... 1307 K. Scheuermann, P. Lilly, P. Landry

Analysis of PV System Performance Versus Modeled Expectations Across a Set of Identical PV Systems...... 1313 J. Perlman, A. McNamara, D. Strobino

Improvement and Validation of a Model for Photovoltaic Array Performance...... 1318 W. De Soto, S. Klein, W. Beckman

4.872 kW Grid-Connected PV System Results and Testing at Rajamangala University of Technology (RMUT), THAILAND...... 1325 N. Watjanatepin, C. Boonmee

Fundamental Studies of Electrical Detection of Failed Modules in PV Array ...... 1330 T. Takashima, K. Otani, K. Kato

Characterization of Photovoltaic Modules Via Artificial Neural Networks...... 1335 L. Vilhena, L. Zárate, D. Soares, A. Diniz

SOLAR ELECTRIC CONCENTRATORS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Prismatic Stationary Concentrators in the Photovoltaic Modules...... 1341 S. Kivalov, D. Strebkov, E. Tver’Yanovich

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

A Novel 500W Photovoltaic Concentrator...... 1346 S. Vasylyev

A Miniature Building-Integrated Spherical Collector PV System...... 1351 A. Kribus, J. Appelbaum, M. Arenson, G. Grossman, I Capeluto, A. Kudish, F. Martelli, T. Caselli

A Miniature Concentrating PV System for Distributed Generation...... 1355 D. Kaftori, A. Kribus

SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Buried Pipes for Air Conditioning: Two Cases of Educational Buildings in Argentina ...... 1359 S. Flores Larsen, C. Filippin, G. Lesino

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Solar Autoclaves for Sterilizing Medical Instruments in Remote Health Clinics ...... 1365 A. Martinez, O. Morales, R. Komp

Stagnation Behaviour of Solar Thermal Heat-pipe and Direct-flow Evacuated Tube Collectors in Closed Loop Systems...... 1368 B. Bauer, T. Williamson, P. McEntee

AlB2 - A New Selective Coating...... 1374 N. Bhowmik, A. Kahn, J. Rahman, S. Kahdem, M. Azad

Perspectives for Solar Thermal Energy in the Baltic States...... 1378 P. Shipkovs, G. Kashkarova, K. Lebedeva, J. Shipkovs

Development of STARlab: The Solar Thermal Applications Research Laboratory ...... 1384 M. Brooks, T. Harms

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Layout of Optimized Heliostat Fields...... 1389 L. Vant-Hull

An Experimental Investigation on a Novel Thermodynamic Cycle Powered by Solar Energy Using Carbon Dioxide ...... 1395 H. Yamaguchi, X. Zhang, K. Fujima, M. Enomoto, N. Sawada

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Operation of a Hybrid Solar Dish/Stirling System ...... 1401 R. Davenport, R. Taylor

Advanced 3D-CPC Solar Collector for Thermal Electric System ...... 1406 T. Saitoh, J. Kato, N. Yamada

Temperature Distribution Around an Absorber Tube with Geothermal Brine ...... 1412 I. Martinez, R. Almanza

Floating Solar Chimney: The Link towards a Solar Future...... 1417 C. Papageorgiou

UTILITY SCALE SOLAR ELECTRIC

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Feasibility Study of 100 MWe Solar Power Plant...... 1425 D. Sagie

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Cheaper than Coal?...... 1433 D. Mills, P. Le Lievre, G. Morrison

Eureca: Advanced Receiver for Direct Superheated Steam Generation in Solar Towers, as an Option for increasing Efficiency in Large Low Cost Direct Steam Generation Plants ...... 1441 R. Osuna, M. Romero, M. Sánchez, V. Ruiz, M. Silva, V. Fernandez

SOLAR PONDS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

On the Turbidity of a Solar Pond Filled-Up with Bittern and Seawater ...... 1447 W. Sun, M. Xie, H. Pan, L. Huang, S. Ge

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Integration of Solar Ponds in Salinity Mitigation Schemes to Produce Low Grade Heat for Industrial Process Heating, Desalination and Power...... 1453 A. Akbarzadeh, J. Andrews, P. Golding

Cost Effective Solar Thermal Technology for Rural Areas & Small Towns...... 1458 K. Datye, N. Pandit, P. Ashtunkar

Using Porous Media to Improve Solar Pond Stability ...... 1465 M. Safi

SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Adaption and Validation of a Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Model for TRNSYS Using Producer-Specified Design Software...... 1469 E. Frank, K. Vajen, M. Bail

Influence of the Mass Flow Rate on the Conical Receiver Thermal Efficiency of a Point Focus Concentrator with an Aperture Angle of 90º ...... 1474 A. Rojas, C. Estrada, R. Dorantes

SOLAR HOT WATER

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Implementation of Taiwanese Standard for Comparing Thermosyphon-Type Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems in India...... 1480 J. Nayak, R. Bokil, S. Joshi

A Study of Natural Circulation Flow Rate through Single-Ended Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors ...... 1486 I. Budihardjo, G. Morrison, M. Behnia

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Solar Water Heaters with Vertical Mantle Heat Exchangers...... 1492 Y. Too, G. Morrison, M. Behnia

Calcium Carbonate Formation on Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) ...... 1498 P. Sanft, L. Francis, J. Davidson

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

How Mixing During Hot Water Draw-Offs Influence the Thermal Performance of Small Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems...... 1504 S. Furbo, L. Jivan Shah

Solar Assisted District Heating System in Crailsheim (Germany) ...... 1510 S. Raab, D. Mangold, W. Heidemann, H. Müller-Steinhagen

Solar Water Heating with Backup Heating: A Review ...... 1514 F. De Winter

VOLUME 3

Venting Overheat Protection in Solar Water Heaters...... 1519 J. Roberts, M. Brandemuehl, J. Burch

DHWcalc: Program to Generate Domestic Hot Water Profiles with Statistical Means for User Defined Conditions ...... 1525 U. Jordan, K. Vajen

Energy Conservation and Electric Energy Peak Reduction Potential During Peak Hours for a Group of Low- Income Residential Consumers of a Brazilian Utility ...... 1531 J. Salazar, S. Abreu, S. Colle, W. Reguse

An Assessment of Unglazed Solar Domestic Water Heaters ...... 1537 J. Burch, J. Salasovich, T. Hillman

Effectiveness/Suitability of Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) as a Heat Transfer Fluid and Heat Storage Medium for Solar Thermal Systems ...... 1543 I. Haraksingh

Water Consumption from Freeze Protection Valves for Solar Water Heating Systems...... 1549 J. Burch, J. Salasovich

Monitoring Results from German Central Solar Heating Plants with Seasonal Storage ...... 1555 T. Schmidt, J. Nubbicker, S. Raab

Novel Low Flow Heat Exchanger Design with a Prime Solar Energy System ...... 1561 M. Starkey, J. Bieri

SOLAR HOT WATER AND THERMAL ENERGY SUPPLY

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Michigan Zero Energy Home Designs: Saving Summer’s Heat for Winter Space Heating ...... 1567 C. Snyder, J. Slomka, S. Bugyi, P. Eland, M. Oranchak, A. Shishkovsky, R. Oraweic, S. Santoro

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Investigations of Solar Combi Systems ...... 1573 E. Andersen, S. Furbo

Measurement of Solar Radiant Floor Heating Systems...... 1579 C. Li, X. Wang, D. Li

Experimental Study on Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage ...... 1585 W. Nan, Z. Dong Sheng, L. Chao

Outlook of Solar Water Heaters in Taiwan...... 1591 K. Chang, T. Lee, K. Chung, C. Lee, W. Lin

Optimization Techniques for Solar Thermal System...... 1596 R. Kalil, R. Shanmugam, K. Muralidharan

Use of Solar Water Heater for Domestic Purposes in Winter Season of Under Tropical Country (Sudan)...... 1600 O. Elhussain, E. Mizo

Heat Transfer Correlations in Mantle Tanks...... 1605 S. Furbo, S. Knudsen

Design of Solar DHW System for Apartment Houses ...... 1611 M. Udagawa, N. Roh, M. Sato

SOLAR COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFICATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

An Improved Multi-Tubular Solar Collector Applied to Adsorption Refrigeration...... 1616 A. Liete, F. Belo, R. Andrade, M. Grilo, F. Meunier

Thermoeconomic Model for a Solar-Powered Zeolite Cooling System...... 1622 D. Baker, B. Kaftanoglu

Study on the Design Procedure of the Multi-Cool/Heat Tube System ...... 1628 G. Yoon, H. Tanaka, M. Okumiya

Influence of Ejector Geometry on Performance of R134A Vapour Ejector Refrigeration System Suitable for Solar Energy Applications ...... 1634 A. Selvaraju, A. Mani

Economical and Environmental Study of a Liquid Desiccant Solar Air Conditioner...... 1640 S. Alizadeh, K. Khouzam

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Comparison of Optimum Operating Conditions for a Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle...... 1646 C. Martin, S. Sadrameli, D. Goswami

Energy Performance of an Absorption Chiller Supplied by Solar Collectors in Mediterranean Area...... 1652 G. Oliveti, N. Arcuri, R. Bruno, A. Mazzuca

Experimental Study of an Intermittent Refrigerator System Operating with Barium Chloride-Ammonia and Lithium Nitrate-Ammonia Mixtures...... 1658 C. Blanco, I. Figueroa, W. Gómez

Performance of a Solar Powered LI-BR Air-Conditioning System with a Partitioned Storage Tank ...... 1663 K. Sumathy, Z. F. Li

Simulation and Economic Optimization of a Solar Assisted Combined Ejector – Vapor Compression Cycle for Cooling Applications ...... 1668 H. Vidal, S. Colle

SOLAR COOKING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Development and Study of a Novel Lightweight Low-Cost Solar Cooker...... 1674 P. Dashora, N. Sengar, S. Pareek

A Novel Versatile Building Material Housing Solar Cooker: Boon for Developing Nations...... 1680 P. Dashora, N. Sengar, M. Gupta

Performance of Cooking Vessel with Depressed Lid Kept in a Box-Type Solar Cooker...... 1686 A. Narasimha Rao, S. Subramanyam

PEER-REVIEW ABSTRACTS

Affordable Solar Cookers for the Neediest...... 1690 B. Blum

My Twenty Five years of Experience with Solar Cooking in Costa Rica - Satisfaction and Frustrations...... 1694 S. Nandwani

Design, Development and Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Heat Exchanger Unit for SK 14 Parabolic Cooker for Off-Place Cooking ...... 1699 V. Murty, A. Gupta

Solar Cooking Kitchen Studies with Building Size Nonimaging Reflectors ...... 1707 J. Goodman

Semi Log Plot and An Approximate Expression to Find Second Figure of Merit of Box Type Solar Cookers ...... 1713 S. Mullick, S. Khan, B. Chourasia

SOLAR DRYING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Experimental Studies on Solar Forced Convective Evaporation System for Tannery Effluent (Soak Liquor) ...... 1717 A. Mani, G. Sesha Girish

Low Cost Solar Energy Bed for Control of Pulse Beetle for Safe Storage of Green Gram ...... 1723 S. Singal, S. Singal

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Predictions of Monthly Accumulated Hours of Soil Temperature in Solarized Soils...... 1727 C. Tiba, R. Ghini

Thermal Performance of a Solar Assisted Biomass Longan Dryer for Drying of Agricultural Products ...... 1733 J. Waewsak, S. Chindaruksa, C. Punlek

INDIRECT SOLAR TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

BIOMASS AND WIND ENERGY EVALUATION AND APPLICATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Towards a Strategy of Renewable Power and Fuel through Sugarcane Energy Crop ...... 1739 J. Lodos Fernández, E. Vigil Santos

CO2 Emissions Mitigation Potential of Bagasse-based Cogeneration in India...... 1743 P. Purohit, J. Parikh

Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in the Baltic Region...... 1749 V. Bezrukov, P. Shipkovs, V. Pugachev, G. Kashkarova, V. Bezrukov

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Feasibility Study of Using Solar Energy for Biodiesel Production ...... 1755 V. Lertsathapornsuk, R. Pairintra, K. Krisnangkura

Waste = Fuel: Affordable Biodiesel for Healthy Communities...... 1758 S. Merrett, K. Janda

Software to the Aerodynamic Design and Analyze Wind Turbine Blades Using Artificial Intelligence...... 1764 V. López Garza, R. Alvarez Cervera, E. Cadenas Calderon

WIND ENERGY EVALUATION AND APPLICATION

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Solar Wind Accelerator System For Power Generation ...... 1770 R. Gupta

Wind Heat Transfer Coefficient From Exposed Surfaces in Real Environment ...... 1776 S. Mullick, S. Kumar, B. Chourasia

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Energy Generating System...... 1780 J. Kim, K. Moriuchi, E. Tachibana

INDIRECT SOLAR APPLICATIONS – WIND, BIOMASS, SMALL HYDRO

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

The Role Small Hydro Can Play in Helping to Reduce Deforestation in Ghana ...... 1786 K. Taale

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Performance Analysis Methodology for Small Hydropower Plants in Korea and Its Application ...... 1793 C. Lee, W. Park

Performance Analysis of Francis Hydraulic Turbine ...... 1798 C. Kim, C. Lee, W. Park

Assessing Ghana's Energy Resource Potential...... 1804 K. Taale

ENERGY STORAGE

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Performance Model for Hybrid Fuel-Cell Bus...... 1809 A. Broch, K. Parker, B. Wood

Transient Development of Flow and Temperature Fields in an Underground Thermal Storage Tank under Various Charging Modes...... 1815 E. Papanicolaou, V. Belessiotis

Thermal Performance Analysis of Phase Change Material Capsules...... 1821 Felix Regin, S. C. Solanki, J. S. Saini

Using Neural Networks to Simplify SOC Determination in Lead-Acid Batteries...... 1827 M. Cristín Valdez, S. Sanchez, E. Quintero-Marmol

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Investigation of Heat of Fusion Storage for Solar Low Energy Buildings...... 1833 J. Schultz, S. Furbo

Investigation of Fabric Stratifiers for Solar Tanks ...... 1839 E. Andersen, S. Furbo, J. Fan

Long-Term Charge Performance Test of a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater ...... 1845 B. Chen, W. Lee, S. Chen

Performance Analysis of Packed Bed Solar Energy Storage System Having Large Size Material of Different Shapes ...... 1850 R. Singh, R. Saini, J. Saini

Advanced Phase Change Materials Development for High Temperature Storage of Thermal Energy...... 1856 M. Hadjieva, M. Bozukov, I. Gutzow

A New TRNSYS Model for Stratified Fluid Storage Tanks with an Integrated Gas Heater ...... 1862 I. Hmouda, C. Bouden

The Crystallization of TBAB Clathrate Hydrate Slurry as a Heat Transfer and Cold-Storage Fluid...... 1869 M. Hadjieva, V. Stojanova, T. Vassilev, I. Gutzow

Pore Structure of New Composite Adsorbent for Adsorption Heat Storage...... 1873 J. Cheng, D. Zhu, Z. Yang, H. Wu, C. Wang

Comparison of the Energy Storage Potential of Different Absorption Modes for Air Dehumidification in Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems ...... 1879 A. Hublitz, E. Laevemann, A. Hauer

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT FUNDAMENTALS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

The Assessment of Four Different Correction Methods Applied to the Diffuse Radiation Measured in Jerusalem, Israel...... 1885 A. Kudish, T. Rahima

Trends in Direct Normal Solar Irradiance in Oregon from 1979-2003...... 1891 L. Rihimaki, F. Vignola

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Can Present Global Climate Change Models Provide Climatological Sound Solar Radiation Data for Solar Energy Design?...... 1897 J. Page

Comparing Several Proceedings of Estimating the Available Solar Radiation, with Data Measured in the University of Vigo Radiometric Station ...... 1903 M. Vazquez, J. Santos, M. Prado, D. Vazquez

Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNN) Applied to a Weather Data Generator Based on Typical Meteorological Sequence Analysis...... 1909 M. David, L. Adelard, P. Lauret, E. Fock

Determining Wind Resources as a Function of Surface Roughness and Height from NASA Global Assimilation Analysis...... 1920 W. Chandler, C. Whitlock, P. Stackhouse Jr.

SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENT

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

General Characterisation of the Solar Radiation Components in Mozambique ...... 1926 B. Cuamba, M. Chenene, G. Mahumane, D. Quissico, E. Vasco, P. O'Keefe, J. Lovseth

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Outdoor Uncertainty on Heat Flux Measurement...... 1938 C. Pérez-Rabago, C. Estrada, M. Marcos, J. Ballestrín, M. Rodriguez

Preliminary Study of One Minute Solar Radiation Measurement Under Tropical Climate...... 1943 T. Soubdhan, T. Feuillard

Sky Clearness Index for Iranian Cities ...... 1948 M. Bahadori, S. Mirhosseini

SOLAR RESOURCE MODELS AND DATA

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

A New Business Model for Grid-Connected Solar Generation in Restructured Electricity Markets ...... 1953 J. Bing

Forecasting Solar Radiation -- Preliminary Evaluation of an Approach Based Upon the National Forecast Database ...... 1958 R. Perez, S. Wilcox, D. Renné, K. Moore, A. Zelenka

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Results of Solar Resource Assessments in the UNEP/SWERA Project...... 1963 D. Renné, R. George, B. Marion, R. Perez, C. Schillings, F. Trieb, R. Meyer, E. Pereira, F. Martins, S. Abreu, S. Colle, M. Vipradas, P. Stackhouse, C. Gueymard, T. Hamlin

Broadband Model Performance for an Updated National Solar Radiation Data Base in the United States of America...... 1968 D. Myers, S. Wilcox, W. Marion, R. George, M. Anderberg

Validation of DNI Estimations in Brazil Using Brazil-SR Model ...... 1974 F. Martins, E. Pereira, S. Abreu

Renewable Energy Resources in Brazil – SWERA Products ...... 1980 F. Martins, E. Pereira, S. Abreu, S. Colle

SATELLITE-BASED SOLAR RESOURCE MODELS AND DATA

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Analysis of Satellite Derived Beam and Global Solar Radiation ...... 1986 F. Vignola, P. Harlan, R. Perez, M. Kmiecik

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Parameters for Designing Back-Up Equipment for Solar Energy Systems...... 1992 C. Whitlock, W. Chandler, J. Hoell, T. Zhang, P. Stackhouse

Progress on an Updated National Solar Radiation Data Base for the United States...... 1996 S. Wilcox, R. Perez, R. George, W. Marion, D. Meyers, D. Renné, A. Degaetano, C. Gueymard, F. Vignola, P. Stackhouse, M. Anderberg, W. Beckman, M. Plantico

Use of Long-Term Solar Irradiance Products Derived from Satellite for Solar Power Project Development...... 2002 R. Meyer, S. Lohmann, C. Hoyer, C. Schillings, E. Diedrich, M. Schroedter-Homscheidt

Gridded Aerosol Optical Depth Climatological Datasets over Continents for Solar Radiation Modeling ...... 2008 C. Gueymard, R. George

Estimation and Contour Mapping of Global Solar Radiation under Tropical Climate of Southern Thailand ...... 2014 S. Phethuayluk, J. Waewsak, J. Keaw-On

Solar Radiation Climate in Korea ...... 2020 Y. Park, D. Jo, Y. Kang

MODELING AND ESTIMATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Solar Horizontal Irradiance: Data Quality Control and Modeling ...... 2028 S. Younes, T. Muneer

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Night Length Duration and Public Illumination...... 2034 F. Martins, E. Pereira

Improvement in Estimation of Hourly Solar Diffuse Irradiance...... 2039 S. Munawwar, T. Muneer

Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of the Solar Energy Collection by Tracking and Non-Tracking Photovoltaic Panel ...... 2046 Y. Vorobiev, P. Vorobiev, P. Horley, J. González-Hernández

Sequential Properties and Modeling of Daily Global Horizontal Solar Radiation, in Tropical Climates...... 2051 A. Siqueira, C. Tiba

HYDROGEN AND FUELS

RENEWABLE HYDROGEN GENERATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Analysis of Hydrogen Production from Renewable Electricity Sources ...... 2057 J. Levene, M. Mann, R. Margolis, A. Milbrandt

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen Production by Gasification of Biomass ...... 2063 M. Mahashi, S. Vijayaraghavan, D. Deshpande, D. Goswami

CIGSS Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Multiple Bandgap Combination of Thin Film Photovoltaic Cell and Photocatalyst: Clean and Renewable Hydrogen Source...... 2069 A. Jahagirdar, A. Kadam, N. Dhere

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Achieving Ultra-High Solar Concentration for the Production of Hydrogen in a Central Receiver Plant Using a Nonimaging CPC Type Secondary ...... 2075 J. O'Gallagher, A. Lewandowski

A 1,000 MW Windplant Delivering Hydrogen Fuel from the Great Plains to a Distant Urban Market ...... 2081 W. Leighty, J. Holloway, R. Merer, B. Somerday, C. San Marchi, G. Keith

Optimization of a Scroll Expander Applied to an Ammonia/Water Combined Cycle System for Hydrogen Production ...... 2089 H. Ingley, R. Reed, D. Goswami

Solar Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production under Climate of Egypt...... 2101 E. Mettawee, A. Elfoly, H. Sharawee, O. El-Farouk

Renewable Hydrogen via Solar Energy and Distributed Power...... 2107 R. Schoen

HYDROGEN STORAGE AND UTILIZATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

A Strategy for Renewable Hydrogen Market Penetration ...... 2113 R. Boehm, Y. Baghzouz, T. Maloney

The Use of Boron for Thermochemical Storage and Distribution of Solar Energy...... 2118 T. Abu-Hamed, J. Karni, M. Epstein

Solar Hydrogen Fuel Cell System Modeling...... 2129 P. Aurora, J. Duffy

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Evaluation of the Effects of Air Contaminants on PEM Fuel Cell Performance...... 2136 H. Ingley, G. O'Sullivan, D. Goswami

Solar Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply from a Triple Bottom Line Perspective ...... 2148 J. Andrews, A. Doddathimmaiah, S. Ali, A. Akbarzadeh

Conceptualization of Renewable Energy Balancing Cycle (REBC) for Hydrogen production and Mitigation of the Global Warming through Solar Thermal Power Generation ...... 2154 R. Sharma

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Energy Secure Schools: Technology, Economic and Policy Considerations...... 2160 G. Braun, P. Varadi, J. Thornton

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Strategies Needed for Stable PV Market Growth in the United States...... 2166 W. Steigelmann, E. Coffman, R. Cassidy, H. Barnes

Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources in Romania...... 2172 I. Turcu

Victoria’s Solar Water Heater and Housing Energy Efficiency Regulations...... 2177 K. Guthrie

National Policies for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) & Rational Use of Energy (RUE) in Greece: The Role of Stakeholders in Promotion Schemes ...... 2181 E. Tsioliaridou, G. Bakos

SDF Solar PV Grant Program in Southeastern Pennsylvania ...... 2187 R. Celentano

The Role of Solar Energy in the Light of a Deregulated European Energy System...... 2195 H. Zinko, B. Karlsson

Proposed Major Revisions to the Arizona Environmental Portfolio Standard Rules ...... 2202 R. Williamson

PROGRAMS AND PERSPECTIVES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Transforming the Solar market in China ...... 2207 J. Ku, D. Lew

Energy Supply to Rural Community Centers ...... 2211 G. Lesino, M. De Castel, V. Nunes

Solar Energy as a Tool for Social Change: Experiences with Solar Photovoltaic Implementation in Ghana ...... 2217 J. Essandoh-Yeddu

Sustainable Energy Supply to Isolated Rural Communities to Enhance Productive Activities: First Year Advances ...... 2223 G. Lesino, V. Nunes, R. Román, R. Saravia, M. E. Granada De Castel

Current State and Perspective of Development of the Renewable Energy in Cuba ...... 2229 C. Moreno

Renewable Energy Sources in the Colombian Energy Policy, Analysis and Perspectives ...... 2233 B. Ruiz, V. Rodríguez-Padilla

ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS/ INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

A Strategy to Promote Solar Water Heaters in Mexico ...... 2239 G. Ramos, B. Rodriguez

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

International Standards for Solar Water Heater Performance ...... 2245 K. Guthrie

Towards Procedures for Environmental Performance Assessment of Solar Thermal Products ...... 2249 A. Wahlström

Potential and Cost of CO2 Emissions Mitigation by Using Solar Photovoltaic Pumps in India...... 2255 A. Kumar, A. Kandpal

MARKETING RENEWABLE ENERGY

COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINED RE DEVELOPMENT

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Performance Based Incentives for PV via Auction...... 2260 A. Black

Municipal Solar Energy Knowledge Base for Policy Making ...... 2264 A. Pavlovski, V. Kostylev

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Government Policies to Stimulate Sustainable Development of the PV Industry: Lessons Learned from Japan, Germany and California...... 2270 D, Osborn, D. Aitken, P, Maycock

VOLUME 4

Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard: Impacts of State Financial Incentives on Residential Owners of a Photovoltaic System...... 2277 U. Bhattacharjee, J. Duffy

Market Response to Photovoltaic Incentive Offerings: An Analysis of Trends and Indicators...... 2283 D. Hill, T. Hoff, R. Allgor

Analyzing the Role of State Electricity Policies on US PV Market Growth ...... 2289 J. Byrne, L. Kurdgelashvili

United We Stand, Divided We Fall - Influencing International and Domestic Renewable Energy Policy ...... 2290 P. Rae

Future of Solar Energy Policy in Industrial Markets: The Move Towards Zero Energy Homes...... 2294 T. Bradford

E-WER: A Means Towards Renewable Energy in the U.S. and FSU ...... 2300 G. Reynoldson

SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Consumer Perspectives: Do Solar Home Systems Provide Inferior Lifestyles to Low-Income Rural Households in Kwazulu-Natal? ...... 2306 J. Green, D. Zwebe

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Green Marketing With Solar To Increase Sales and Brand Awareness...... 2312 M. De Anquin, D. Marks

The Public’s Perceptions Concerning PV and Wind Systems...... 2318 W. Steigelmann, H. Barnes

Long-Distance Solar Water Heating Training: The Soletrol Experience ...... 2324 L. Mesquita, S. Vasconcelos, L. Mazzon, M. Mesquita

Parametric Cost Modeling of Renewable Energy Systems with the Renewable Energy Cost Model (RCM) ...... 2330 J. Clemens

Multiobjective Optimization as a Decision Tool for Financing or Rebating Domestic Solar Water Heaters...... 2336 T. Borges, S. Colle, M. Wendel

MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

Japanese Manufacturers’ ‘Cost-Performance’ Marketing Strategy for the Delivery of Solar Photovoltaic Homes...... 2341 M. Noguchi

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

U.S. Solar Market Trends...... 2349 L. Sherwood

Analysis of State Solar Economic Trade-Offs (Asset) Databank ...... 2355 L. Gillette, C. Herig, S. Gouchoe

Characteristics and Feedback From Residential PV Early Adopters ...... 2360 K. Comer, C. Demeter, P. Shah, R. Margolis

Zero Energy Homes for New Construction Market Activities...... 2366 J, McCabe, D. Springer

Are PV Installations Getting Better? ...... 2373 J. Wiles

ECONOMICS AND FINANCING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

PV Performance Guarantees and 10-Year Warranties ...... 2379 A. Black

Maximizing the Value of Customer-Sited PV Systems Using Storage and Controls...... 2385 T. Hoff, R. Perez, R. Margolis

Is More Solar Always Better? ...... 2391 K. Janda, M. Roth, J. Petersen

Photovoltaic Lighting the Way: Case Study of Nepal ...... 2397 I. Shakya

Social Cost Benefit Analysis of Using SPV Pumps for Irrigation in India...... 2403 P. Purohit, T. Kandpal

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACT

Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems: Life-Cycle Analyses and Opportunities for Cost Reduction ...... 2409 J. Burch, J. Salasovich, T. Hillman

SOLAR ENERGY EDUCATION

POST-SECONDARY PROGRAMS

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Active Solar Energy Engineering and Design University Undergraduate Student Projects ...... 2415 J. Goodman

Bachelor of Science in Renewable Energy Systems ...... 2421 J. Yarbrough

Energizing the Curriculum...... 2426 R. Welch

The Agents of Change Project: Making Sense of Success...... 2431 A. Kwok, W. Grondzik

Cornell University Solar Decathlon: Learning Through Practice ...... 2437 J. Bonaventura-Sparagna, E. Ho-Sing Chin-Dickey, N. Rajkovich

Web Interactive Zero-Net Energy Sustainable Home for Teachers, Engineers, Architects, Contractors and Students ...... 2443 R. Rogers, C. Dymond, C. Jones

Design with Climate: Recycling a Good Idea - Objectives and Results of a Second Year Design Studio Curriculum...... 2449 G. Thomson

Environmental Systems by Design ...... 2455 A. Sharag-Eldin

The Memnon Competition as Interdisciplinary Design Curriculum ...... 2463 M. Duffey

TECHNICAL TRAINING AND GENERAL EDUCATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPER

The Mahoney Tables Plus: A Computer Tool to Support Climate Responsive Design...... 2468 S. Chidambareswaran, D. Noble, K. Kensek

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Energy Whiz Website: Making the Internet Connection...... 2473 J. Szaro, J. Haggard, P. Hall, S. Schleith

Further Developments in Using Model Solar Racers as an Introduction to Engineering...... 2478 A. Lau, T. Short, E. Kisenwether, J. Fogarty

Bringing Solar to the World...... 2484 N. Lechner

Internet Innovation and the Solar Marketplace ...... 2488 S. Lapointe

Getting the Most out of School Power...Naturally -- How to Encourage Solar Education in New York and Beyond...... 2493 J. Jarnefeld

HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY

THE HISTORY OF SOLAR ARCHITECTURE AND OF THE SOLAR BUILT ENVIRONMENT

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Metropolitan Los Angeles as Laboratory for the Solar City and Power Station of the Future...... 2499 T. Spiegelhalter, G. Honles

Process or Artifact: Preserving Experimental Systems ...... 2504 G. Thomson, N. Rajkovich

The Solar Envelope: Solar Access and the Quality of Life ...... 2510 N. Sivaprasad, D. Noble

The First Zero Energy House in Northern Europe,1974 ...... 2516 T. Esbensen

Understanding the US Building Industry and Its Housing Component – Lessons from Thirty Years Ago – Project Sage (Solar-Assisted Gas Energy for Multi-Family Housing) 1972-78...... 2520 R. Schoen

The Renaissance of Solar Cities: From Time to Space...... 2526 S. Los

THE HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN COUNTRIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD IN MYTHS, RELIGIONS, ANCIENT SCIENCE, THROUGH CENTURIES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Solar Items in Cultures and Civilizations: It’s Link With Solar Technologies ...... 2532 L. Fara, S. Fara

Worship of the Sun and Its Influence on Mayan Architecture ...... 2538 R. Tenorio

Sun in Hindu Mythology...... 2542 R. Jha

Solar Energy Approach to some Bulgarian Architectural Patterns...... 2546 A. Dobrinova, A. Penchev, T. Marinova

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Religious Cult to the Sun in Ancient Civilizations: The Aztec and Egyptian Cases ...... 2550 C. Estrada, G. Alvarez, L. Hernández

The Myth of the Fifth Sun in Ancient Mexico...... 2559 E. Rincón

The Evolution of Solar Energy through the Centuries, a Historical Perspective...... 2562 E. Delyannis, V. Belessiotis, E. Stefanokos

Astronomical Significance of the Myth Suryavivaha ...... 2568 A. Bhauvananaidhruvakashyapah, V. Vishvachaitanya, M. Bhauvano, J. Jayarama

Applications of Solar Energy During Vedic Age ...... 2571 B. Swarup, R. Acharya, B. Acharya, S. Varuni

The Aztec Calendar...... 2575 E. Rincón

Prehistoric Solar Innovation and Water Management on Rapa Nui ...... 2580 C. Gossen, C. Stevenson

History of Solar Architecture in Cyprus...... 2586 P. Lapithis

THE HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN COUNTRIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD – AS SEEN THROUGH THE HISTORY OF ISES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

ASADES: Thirty Years of Solar Energy in Argentina...... 2592 G. Lesino

Short History of the Romania Section of the International Solar Energy Society...... 2598 L. Fara

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Solar Energy Society’s History Lessons Learned ...... 2604 K. Boer

ISES and the Energy Culture in the Last 50 Years ...... 2609 E. Oliveira Fernandes

Ethical Drivers for Renewable Energy ...... 2615 D. Mills

The Background for Interest in Solar Energy in Poland...... 2620 D. Chwieduk

The Effect of National and International Institutions on the Establishment of the Domestic Solar Water Heating Industry in Southern Africa ...... 2626 D. Holm

The History of ISES-Europe ...... 2630 T. Esbensen

THE HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY PIONEERS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

From Global Vision of Famous Russian Scientists to Solar Energy Activity Nowadays...... 2633 D. Strebkov, I. Tyukhov

Farrington Daniels and the Atom Bomb...... 2639 R. Winston

Fuels from Solar Energy: A Dream of Giacomo Ciamician, the Father of Photochemistry ...... 2641 M. Venturi, V. Balzani, M. Gandolfi

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Work of Italian Solar Energy Pioneer Giovanni Francia (1911-1980)...... 2647 C. Silvi

Yuri Kondratyuk (Oleksandr Shargei): an Eminent Ukrainian Pioneer in Renewable Energy of the First Half of the 20th Century ...... 2654 V. Vasylyev

Farrington Daniels, Solar Prophet and Pioneer in the Use of Solar Energy as Appropriate Technology ...... 2660 A. Stranges

THE HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Why Astrophysicists Did Not Pursue the Solar Energy Problem, 1900-1910...... 2665 S. Ratowt

The History of our CDS/CUXS Research and the Lessons Learned for Today’s Thin-Film Solar Cells ...... 2671 K. Boer

History of Solar Energy Research in Brazil ...... 2676 N. Dhere, L. Cruz, P. Lobo, J. Branco, R. Ruther, I. Zanesco, J. Lima

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

A Look at the Early Years of the Solar Energy Program...... 2682 F. Morse

The 1970's Emergence and Rapid United States Development of Terrestrial Solar Energy Technologies as National Energy Resources ...... 2690 L. Herwig

Key Utility Contribution to the US Grid-Connected PV Market: The PG&E and SMUD Solar Experience...... 2696 D. Osborn, C. Weinberg

Wind Power in Italy from the Late 1970s to the Present...... 2703 L. Pirazzi, C. Silvi

Early Work on Solar Distillation in Italy, 1953-1970 ...... 2709 G. Nebbia

Wet Steps to Solar Stills...... 2714 H. Hay

Glimpses of the History of Solar Radiation Climatology for Solar Energy Applications 1954-1985...... 2720 J. Page

The History of Solar Pond Science and Technology...... 2726 C. Nielsen, A. Akbarzadeh, J. Andrews, H. Becerra, P. Golding

BRINGING WATER TO THE WORLD

SOLAR DISTILLATION AND DESALINATION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Solar Desalination Using Membrane Distillation - Technical Evaluation Case Study ...... 2732 A. Kullab, C. Liu, A. Martin

Desalination with Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems...... 2738 G. Mittelman, A. Kribus, A. Dayan

Simulation and Experimental Study on Fresh Water Production from Seawater Using Solar Chimney...... 2746 Y. Wang, L. Zhu, Z. Fang, W. Tian

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Ten Years of Solar Distillation Application Along the U.S.-Mexico Border ...... 2752 R. Foster, W. Amos, S. Eby

Solar Thermal Desalination for Remote Areas Using the MEH-Method - From Research to Business ...... 2758 H. Müller-Holst, M. Müller, J. Urank, E. Wascher

Design and Setup of a Hybrid Solar Seawater Desalination System: The AQUASOL Project...... 2764 D. Alarcon, J. Blanco, S. Malato, M. Maldonado, P. Fernandez

Commercial Scale Solar-Powered Desalination...... 2770 D. Sagie, E. Mandelberg, J. Weinberg

A Novel Solar Still Using Trough Concentrator ...... 2780 Y. Abakr, A. Ismail, J. Mahmoud

Solar Desalination Plants for Arid Areas of Uzbekistan...... 2784 J. Ahatov, R. Avezov, S. Klichev, S. Bahramov, M Kenisarin, A. Ismanjanov, G. Erkinbaeva

Field Performance of a 1000 Litre/Day PV-Powered Desalination System ...... 2789 B. Richards, L. Masson, A. Broeckman, A. Schäfer

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION AND PURIFICATION

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Water Equals Health; Pasteurization with Solar Cooking ...... 2795 J. McCabe

Small Solar Water Pasteurizers-Further Tests and Recent Developments ...... 2799 F. Husson, D. Andreatta, S. Hankal

An Historical and Prospective Review of Solar Water Purification...... 2804 J. Gordes, J. Perlin

Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemcial Treatment Effects on the Killing of Escherichia Coli Cells...... 2809 M. Ribeiro, E. Bidoia

Surface Modified Thin Films of TiO2 Coated Over Glass ...... 2812 S. Mantri, A. Cooper, C. Pierce

Radiation Absorption in a Flat-Plate Solar Photocatalytic Reactor...... 2817 S. Cuevas, C. Arancibia-Bulnes

SOLAR WATER PASTEURIZATION AND DISINFECTION

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Theoretical Analysis of Batch and Flow-Through Solar Water Pasteurization Systems...... 2822 S. Al-Kharabsheh

The Influence of Temperature on Continuous Flow Solar Disinfection...... 2828 L. Gill

Water Disinfection through Solar Concentrator with Angled Reflective Panels ...... 2834 A. Martin-Dominquez, C. Estrada, A. Gonzalez-Herrera, V. Ramirez-Angula

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

The Microbiology of Solar Water Pasteurization, with Applications in Kenya and Tanzania ...... 2840 R. Metcalf

Development of a Density Driven Solar Water Pasteurization System...... 2843 W. Duff, D. Hodgson

Cost and Efficiency Comparison of Conventional Flat Plate Collector Versus A Low-Pressure, Dewar-Type Vacuum Tube Array for the Disinfection of Drinking Water...... 2848 J. Grandinetti, W. Hartzell

SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER CLEANUP

PEER-REVIEW PAPERS

Study of Parameters Affecting Photocatalytic Oxidation of Biologically Treated Greywater ...... 2851 H. Gulyas, K. Hartrampf, I. Ilesanmi, Z. Mahmood, W. Storm, W. Susanto, R. Otterpohl, F. Köneke, M. Furmanska, K. Harasiuk, Iwona Krawczyk

Plate Solar Photoreactor with TiO2-SiO2 Films Supported on Corrugated Glass...... 2857 J. Marín, J. Montoya, F. Granda, L. Rios, G. Restrepo

PEER-REVIEW ABSTRACTS

Solar Driven TiO2 Photocatalytic Disinfection of Water Using a Low Radiative Solar Collector...... 2863 E. Bandala, R. Moreno, E. Juárez, P. Girard, D. Dionysiou

Solar Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of the Azo Dye Acid Orange 24 by Photo-Fenton Process...... 2869 J. Chacon, E. Bandala, M. Leal, M. Sanchez

WATER SUPPLY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Solar Energy Based Water Potabilization: Low-Cost Technologies for Isolated Regions of Latin America and the Caribbean...... 2874 M. Litter, M. Blesa, M. Del V. Hidalgo, M. Apella, W. Jardom, J. Guimaraes, H. Mansilla, L. Cornejo, M. Leal, A. Gonzalez, J. Rodriguez, R. Sauders

Integrating Renewable Energy in Water Systems: Design Case Studies for the Galápagos Islands ...... 2880 X. Zamora-Thompson, A. Bielefeldt, J. Kreider

Recommendations for the Implementation of Solar Powered Rural Water Supply Systems Based on a Study in Southern Honduras ...... 2886 W. Bradbury

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Solar Powered Microdrip Irrigation in Nicaragua and Haiti Using Locally Built Photovoltaic Modules...... 2894 C. Barreto, S. Kinne, R. Komp

Solar Thermal Driven Membrane Distillation for Small-Scale Desalination Plants ...... 2899 J. Koschikowski, M. Rommel, M. Wieghaus

Village Empowerment: Sustainable Solar Solutions ...... 2905 J. Duffy

INNOVATIVE SOLAR WATER SYSTEMS

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Potable Water Preparation from Seawater Using Combined Solar Chimney Technologies...... 2911 Y. Wang, L. Zhu, J. Wang, J. Zhao

Experimental Figures on Photo-Electric Chlorination in Queensland...... 2917 K. Khouzam

Solar Photovoltaic Powered Seawater Desalination Plants ...... 2923 M. Kumaravel, A. Kannan, R. Gopalaswami

An Optimization of Slope of Condensing Cover of Solar Still for Maximum Yield: In Summer Climatic Condition ...... 2931 A. Tiwari, G. Tiwari

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

Candidates for Solar Power: A Novel Desalination Technology for Coal Bed Methane Produced Water...... 2941 A. Sattler, C. Hanley, M. Hightower, M. Andelman

VTE Desalination Using Geothermal Energy at the Salton Sea...... 2945 T. Sephton, A. Tiffenbach

SOLAR WATER PUMPING

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS

Performance of Solar Powered Water Pumping Systems in Nepal: An Analysis ...... 2951 J. Shrestha

Solar Powered Water Pumps and Sustainable Development: Appropriate or Inappropriate Technology?...... 2956 T. Short

Water Pumping Performance of a Solar-PV Powered Helical Pump ...... 2963 B. Vick, R. Clark

A New Design Method for PV Pump System Optimization...... 2968 N. Diarra, J. Duffy

PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS

International Impact Assessment of Large Scale Photovoltaic Powered Water Pumps ...... 2974 C. Sherring, A. Rangarajan

Development of a Small Solar Thermal Pumping System ...... 2980 D. Larson

Small Solar Water Pumps – Technology and Applications ...... 2983 R. Wills, V. Nicholl, X. Liu

The Use of Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems in Armenia ...... 2987 G. Ayvazyan, A. Vardanyan, T. Tekiryan