ESA Research Booklet 2017 (PDF)
The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA)
The Edinburgh
Research Projects 2017 Strategic Alliance (ESA) Research Projects 2017
A joint research endeavour between The Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh and The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University. Issue 1
Summer 2017.
Material collated by Harry Smith, Oliwia Kupinska and Shauna Thompson (Heriot Watt University) and Tahl Kaminer (University of Edinburgh) for the Edinburgh Strategic Alliance. https://sites.eca.ed.ac.uk/ekep/
Design and layout by Nicky Regan and Dalila D’Amico at Edinburgh College of Art. www.eca.ed.ac.uk The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) Research Projects 2017
A joint research endeavour between The Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh and The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University. Contents
01 Innovative Design 7
02 Hybrid Design Processes and Digital Media 12
03 Health, Wellbeing and Environment 18
04 Global Cities, Spatial Planning and Place 28
05 History and Heritage 34 06 Culture and Theory 46
07 Social Inclusion and Urban Governance 59
Housing and Property – 08 Planning, Design and Market Operation 74
Project Management and 09 Construction Technology 82
10 Environmental Sustainability and Low Carbon 86
11 Index of Researchers 95 6
Introduction: the Edinburgh Strategic Alliance
The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) is the joint research endeavour of The Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (ESALA, University of Edinburgh) and The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS, Heriot-Watt University).
The ESA is built on and multidisciplinary research, and interdisciplinarity and on joint submission, which is the point with each project involving both of departure for the forthcoming Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt from working at a range of scales REF2021. The joint submission researchers. and approaches regarding the was second in the UK for research built environment and the urban. power. The ESA has a joint Alliance It enables complementary as Research Committee to foster a research annual, a compendium of well as collaborative research by excellence in research and support current research carried out across incorporating under one umbrella a range of techniques and the ESA. In its current state it is a diversity of research approaches approaches to enquiry. We have strategy-formulating away days comprehensive manner the entire understanding and transforming and focused meetings for the early breadth of research carried out in our built and natural environment. exchange of information on our two schools. It does not present We explore processes, places particular research themes. We are our research centres and their and spaces over the whole life dedicated to developing the talent activities nor does it include all cycle, from planning to design, of postgraduate research students relevant researchers or research construction and usage. Together, and early career researchers. projects. However, it does provide we investigate the social, economic Opportunities range from working an overview and detailed sampling and political forces and processes on large, multi-institutional, of much of the research at the which shape our world and the Research Council-funded studies ESA in 2017. Further information impact that our built and natural to taking a leading role on our including a comprehensive list environments have on our health, Kick Start projects. First announced of research outputs can be found wellbeing and resilience, our ability in 2011, the Kick Start programme on the schools’ websites. to understand our past and to plan was developed to stimulate our sustainable futures. innovative cross-university 7
CHAPTER 01
Innovative Design
01 8
BY: Mark Dorrian Adrian Hawker University of Edinburgh WITH: Karen Kjaergaard Aikaterini Antonopoulou Richard Collins Ege, Denmark FUNDING: Arkitektskolen Aarhus, Denmark ON THE SURFACE YEAR: 2014 – 2017
On the Surface is a major retrospective exhibition of the work of metis, the research atelier for art, architecture and urbanism founded by Mark Dorrian and Adrian Hawker and based in ESALA.
On the Surface presented seven The viewers of the exhibition thus Related Outputs: projects by metis, which range not only saw a series of projects, from installations to large urban but found themselves – as they Dorrian, M. & Hawker, A. (2016) restructuring proposals. Working travelled across scale and space – ‘The Exhibition as an “urban between two contrasting scales, active participants in a speculative thing”’, Interstices 16, Journal the exhibition examined the architectural imaginary, one in of Architecture and Related complex topographics of the which the architectural object is Arts, pp. 7-16. surface in metis’s architecture. always incommunication with the broader historical, cultural, material Visitors entering the exhibition and representational conditions of encountered a vast drawing on the city or landscape within which which they walk, carpeting the it is positioned. an internal terrain was inserted within the display space, which was then inhabited by glass display tables that held detailed drawings and models.
Mark Dorrian + Adrian Hawker (metis), On the Surface. Photograph by Gert Skærlund Andersen 9 10
BY: University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2010 – 2018
Streamlines, Vortices, and Plumes: Environmental Models and their Shifting Targets
This research by design project uses case study analysis and model prototyping processes to investigate how architectural design tools.
Environmental models such as Three historic environmental Related Publications: heliodons, wind tunnels, and case study models – Étienne-Jules water tables are generally Marey’s wind tunnels (1900-2), understood as distinct from the Victor and Aladar Olgyay’s Optimism: Three Energy/Material architectural models they test. thermoheliodon (1955-63), and Dialogues’, Edinburgh Architecture Architects conventionally design Alan Berger’s Wetland Machine Research (EAR) journal, building models that are tested model (2008) – contextualise vol 33, pp. 57-64 within environmental chambers, the sources of certain persistent built and operated by building issues that continue to inform scientists or engineers, to yield environmental design in Modeling Energetic Exchanges’, quantitative insights about architecture today. Physical Theory by Design: Architectural environmental performance. This prototyping of wind tunnels, Research Made Explicit in the Design research collapses the distinction Studio, Brussels: ASP (Academic and between the apparatuses simulating which simulate pressure and environmental processes and the architectural models they test and explores the potential for both environmental processes in turn combined to act as contemporary allowing them to give shape and environmental design tools. form to architectural designs. Both text and design-based research investigate the dialogic relationship between environmental representations and their targets, the environmental systems they represent. 11
12
CHAPTER 02
Hybrid Design Processes and Digital Media
02 13
BY: Katerina Antonopoulou University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2016 –
Digital Cultures and Crisis Athens
The aim of this project is to examine how digital cultures have interacted with the phenomena of the crisis in Athens, Greece – in the context of mass immigration and homelessness, from new forms of community and social spaces, to mass assemblies and street riots, and even the rise of the Right – and have become key facilitators and instruments of these.
The project examines how digital The simulation of the spaces Related publications: technologies bring together the involved in this process and their subjects of the crisis with the global online experience gives yet another Antonopoulou, K. (2018 processes with which it is connected dimension to all these happenings: forthcoming) ‘Urban Silence and and it questions how new the placement of oneself in the body Informational Noise: A Study on technologies could help develop of the ‘other’ along with both the Athens’ Invisible Structures’, in new imaginings and even transform distance and the close connection Mark Dorrian and Christos Kakalis the self and the city in times of between the physical and the avatar (eds), The Place of Silence: Experience, crisis. Methodologically, this study body creates the space for the , Routledge. moves between on-site and online further understanding of the public, research in order to examine the the common, the political, the other. physical spaces in which the above conditions take place in relation to their digital projections and therefore it explores the ways in which these phenomena are manifested in the city along with their circulation as images around the world and the impact that these images have. 14
BY: Richard Coyne University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2016 –
Network Nature
In my work, I bring the related themes of place and digital technologies into collision with recurrent topics of global concern. Since the 1990s I have addressed sound, emotion and now nature.
Nature is on the side of the The books takes us on a journey Related publications: independent, the hopeful, through attunement, biophilia, the free, the good and the healthy. big data, bio- and geo-semiotics, Coyne, R. 2017 Network Nature: Some digital device users think that bio-hacking, biomimetic design, Digital Technology and the Semiotics technology gets in the way of direct nature games, zoo-space, refuge, of Place London: Bloomsbury. access to nature. It is as if urban numinous nature and myths of dwellers are burdened by relentless self-reliance. If we have learned connectivity, work stress, boredom, anything from politicians skilled and poor health. So, they look to at manipulating and trading in nature to deliver the opposites of populist opinion, it is that words these detrimental conditions. It is and meanings really do matter, easy to succumb to the view that as does truth. Signs are crucial in nature is what is left in the crucible understanding the environment and of human experience purged of the complex discourses it entails. Semiotics supports this challenge. From this observation I launch into The stakes have never been higher, considering the threats we face, divide and situate it within the and how much we depend on world of digital networks, with the natural environment. an emphasis on semiotics, the communicative structures within all things, according to the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce and his followers. 15
BY: Miguel Paredes University of Edinburgh fundings: External funding from the Università degli studi di Cagliari YEAR: 2015 – 2019 Prototypes of dissent: Subverting data-based design practices to reconstruct the public domain(s)
A critical analysis of technology-oriented design practices, grounded on the notion of ‘sensing’ and focusing on the development of physical, real-time responses to ‘sensed’ data streams within the context of urban public space.
This project critically addresses Further to this, ongoing work These subjectively ‘sensed’ techno-informational practices attempts to articulate a materials and the resulting gravitating around the notion of methodological counter-project ‘responsive prototypes’ tackle ‘sensing’ and focusing on the to the predominantly top-bottom, issues concerning friction and development of physical, real-time technocratic incarnations of these collectiveness, and formalise design responses to ‘sensed’ data streams practices, thus subverting the narratives that explicitly re-situate prevalent discourses of the the locus of operation in the domain public space. The processes and ‘urban sensing’ project – such as of the commons. outputs of these practices are interrogated from both a and ‘smartness’. These counter- This take on digital, data-based representational and a socio- methodologies operate within the design endeavours to open a space political perspective, highlighting same technical domain – actively engaging with available digital data emerging at the intersection of both sensing and processing techniques. acknowledging their non-neutral domains. This foregrounds the However, they explicitly foster the political nature but also their critical agency of these modes of emergence of both individual and potential to inform creative collective representation in both the shared human subjectivities through strategies that actively resist the production and the transformation the critically informed development mainstream discourses of public of urban public space, and also of a sequence of operations space governance. emphasises the non-neutral role hybridising materiality and data: of digital technologies in shaping Sensing Instruments, Maps, Games these processes. and Responsive Prototypes. 16
ESA LEAD: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Mohamed Abdel-Wahab Mahmudul Hassan ESP Fife College CITB Catapult TurbineHR II FUNDING: £50,000 + £250,000 ESP + CITB YEAR: 2013 –
Advanced immersive VR Hub at Fife College for training wind turbine maintenance apprentices.
This project develops an innovative The system is deployed in two Related outputs: immersive VR technology called colleges, but particularly here at immersive Hybrid Reality. This Fife College for the training of wind Bosché F., Abdel-Wahab M. S., turbine maintenance apprentices. Carozza L. (2016) ‘Towards a mixed local real world within the virtual reality system for construction trade environment experienced by the The project received numerous training’, ASCE Journal of Computing user. This particularly enables awards, and mobile versions of in Civil Engineering, 04015016. users to see themselves (hands, the system have been deployed legs) but also their tools, etc. This for us in public engagement events, system uniquely responds to the e.g. to engage young people on need to develop VR technology careers in STEM subjects. that is compatible with the demands of trade training, mainly physical contact and manipulation, while providing the means to safely locate trainees in challenging environments. 17
esa lead: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Enrique Valero LinkNode Ltd FUNDING: £100,000 Innovate UK YEAR: 2015 – UrbanPlanAR
Frédéric Bosché, UrbanPlanAR. Image courtesy of author.
of Building Information Models from any location, in real-time.
The solution is a disruptive In order to: • Encourage more people to get technology providing a 21st century involved in making sustainable alternative to desktop-based or • Maximise reuse through places VR assessment without outsourcing, existing investment in BIM remodelling or expensive proprietary and digital design • Increase the understanding of systems. UrbanPlanAR solves architecture and design within problems of: • Provide accessible the planning system understanding of impact from • Accurate urban location within local communities • Promote architecture and positioning – without the design nationally and reliance on GNSS and only • Deliver and share data for internationally immediacy and relevance consumer tablets • Provide leadership for our sector • Create trustworthy • Disenfranchised stakeholders – visualisations to enable better • Deliver high-quality services by creating visualisations (impact decision making which are continually assessments) personalised to improving their location in real-time We use localisation, augmented reality, BIM and 3D mobile Related outputs: • Late stage visualisation after technology to create software that design completion – by delivers contextual information Carozza, L., Tingdahl, D., Bosché F., enabling integration and at the point of need. Our software Van Gool, L. (2014) ‘Markerless viewpoints throughout a project aligns with the beliefs and vision vision-based augmented reality for lifecycle at no additional cost of leading organisations such as urban planning’, Computer-Aided Architecture and Design Scotland Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, • Remove expensive duplication (ADS) whose objectives are to: Vol. 29, pp. 2-17. in modelling – by providing a data pipeline integrated with • Help create better buildings, Bosché projects are at streets and sustainable places https://web.sbe.hw.ac.uk/fbosche/ from major vendors index.html
CHAPTER 03
Health, Wellbeing and Environment
03 19
esa lead: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Mohamed Abdel-Wahab Enrique Valero Forth Valley College CITB FUNDING: £200,000 CITB AT-BAN (Activity Tracking YEAR: 2013 – with Body Area Network)
Wearable and wireless body area network system for body motion tracking with a view on enhancing health and productivity performance among trade workers.
This project, initially funded by The system has been trialled at CITB, aims to develop a wearable Forth Valley College where the wireless body area networks composed of inertial sensors. positive feedback, and wish to The sensors are worn on the limbs identify a way forward to more of the user and enable tracking in systematic use of the technology. real-time of its motion without Trials have been made with location restrictions (no wires on Scottish Water as well, regarding the body or connecting the system trenching works. to a computer or battery). The system is developed to more Related outputs: trade workers, e.g. in construction, and provide them with feedback Valero E., Sivanathan A., to help them better manage their Bosché F., Abdel-Wahab M. (2016) body to sustain a long career. ‘Musculoskeletal Disorders in Construction: A Review and a This is critical because MSDs are Novel System for Activity Tracking with Body Area Network’, Applied lower productivity in sectors like Ergonomics, Vol. 54, pp. 120–30. construction. Furthermore, colleges hardly teach anything on the topic, and do not provide ergonomics feedback to their trainee.
Frédéric Bosché, AT-BAN. Image courtesy of author. 20
esa lead: Gillian Menzies Heriot-Watt University WITH: Ali Mehdi Borders General Hospital Funding: EPSRC Career Acceleration Fund YEAR: 2017 – Cycle Impact Assessment of Orthopaedic Surgery
An environmental input-output analysis of total knee and total hip replacement surgery at Borders General Hospital.
This project aims to carry out a This research proposes to use the short (3 month) pilot study of the Process LCA methodology to assess Life Cycle Carbon Assessment the marginal CO2e impact of a (LCCA) of orthopaedic surgery typical knee replacement operation at Borders General Hospital. in terms of the implant and materials required, packaging, theatre energy environments, LCCA of a typical knee replacement water use, commercial waste, operation, with a view to expanding clinical waste and medical resources this pilot to other orthopaedic necessary. At this stage it excludes or surgical procedures, wider inputs like transport to and from environmental impacts, and the hospital, impact of bed-nights possibly to understanding better occupied, physiotherapy and after-care etc, although these may of an ageing population on be added to a larger future bid. orthopaedic and surgical services. 21
esa lead: Sarah Payne Heriot-Watt University WITH: A. Jorgensen R. Maheswaran K. Thwaites A. Carusi N. Dempsey P. Shackley C. Rishbeth IMProving wellbeing through R. W. F. Cameron B. Stone urban nature (IWUN): INTEGRATING J. Henneberry M. Richardson GREEN blue infrastructure K. McEwan and health service valuation Wildlife Trust, Recovery Centre, and Centre for and delivery Sustainable Healthcare Funding: £1,000,050 NERC (NE/N013565/1) YEAR: 2016 – 2019
IWUN studies the interaction environment and their health and wellbeing.
Improving Wellbeing through IWUN consists of four work Website Urban Nature (IWUN) is a three- packages ranging from determining www.iwun.uk/ year research project as part of the relationships between place based Natural Environment Research geographic, biodiversity, and health Twitter Council’s Valuing Nature data; examining nature values; @IWUNproject Programme. The project aims to the power of apps to enhance noticing nature, and developing natural environment can improve a new green paradigm to improve the health and wellbeing of its planning and health and social care. residents, and especially those with disproportionately high levels of Dr Sarah Payne at Heriot-Watt University contributes on work UK, will be the city wide case study package two, which explores and we will use a range of methods, cultures and values of nature and to investigate people’s relationships Sarah Payne, IWUN. Courtesy of Sarah Payne. spaces. These include secondary society and subsequent range of data analysis, interviews, arts based values towards all forms of nature. focus groups, a specially designed smartphone app, economic analysis, and a review of existing nature based solution interventions. This will culminate in providing evidence-based decision aids for place ‘makers’, ‘keepers’ and ‘prescribers’. 22
Mobility, Mood and Place (MMP)
A research project exploring what makes mobility easy, enjoyable and meaningful for older people.
We are also exploring how places The project has been supported can be designed collaboratively that four qualities of places really by a Study Steering Group of to support outdoor activity, health, wellbeing and community access for all, access to nature, Acceleration Award partners engagement as people age. access to others and access to include Forestry Commission Being able to get outdoors is light, that green spaces seem to be Scotland and Scottish Government essential for maintaining health and restorative, and that even a short wellbeing into later life, but many walk can lift the mood if the Public Health Research Programme (project number 10/3005/18). easy, enjoyable and meaningful as The views and opinions expressed they age. The Mobility, Mood and Particularly through our life course therein are those of the authors Place (MMP) research project has and archival work, MMP suggests been exploring how places can be that healthy ageing begins much those of the Public Health Research designed collaboratively to support earlier in life than we currently plan Programme, NIHR, NHS or older people’s outdoor activity, for, meaning that we need to take the Department of Health. health, wellbeing and community very long term views on fostering Impact Acceleration Award (IAA) engagement. resilience for healthy older age. funding: The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). Partners Drawing on the participation The research has made a particular include Forestry Commission of over 900 people, most of whom contribution to research-led Scotland, Scottish Government were aged 60+, our research teaching within ESALA, involving and Scottish Natural Heritage. shows how innovative neuroscience 84 students across four years of methods and co-design techniques studio and site-based co-design work in London, Manchester, understand older people’s the Scottish islands of Orkney, response to place. and Copenhagen. 23
esa lead: Catharine Ward Thompson University of Edinburgh WITH: Sara Tilley Ian Scott Richard Coyne Peter Aspinall funding: National Institute for Health Research YEAR: 2013 – 2017 IAA 2017 – 2018
Related outputs:
and Scott, I. (2017) ‘The uncommon impact of common environmental details on walking in older adults’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(2), 190 doi: 10.3390/ijerph14020190
Scott, I., Mead, G., Starr, J., Thin, N., Tinker, A. and Ward Thompson, C. (2015) ‘The Home as Enabler of More Active Lifestyles Among Older People’, Building Research & Information doi: 10.1080/09613218.2015.1045702 MMP, The A-Z of Co-Design.
Website www.mobilitymoodplace.ac.uk 24
esa lead: Ryan Woolrych Heriot-Watt University WITH: Harry Smith Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Judith Sixsmith Michael Murray Jenny Fisher Rebecca Lawthom Meiko Makita Place-Making with Older funding: £384,745 for UK component ESRC Urban Transformations Adults: Towards Age- in Brazil (Newton) Friendly Communities YEAR: 2016 – 2019
Working towards developing age-friendly cities and communities that support older adults right to age in place.
Given the rapid growth of ageing The results will also be integrated Woolrych, R., Sixsmith, J. (2017) populations in many cities, the into a variety of tools and resources ‘Ageing, Urban Environments importance of developing to support communities, policy and Place: Moving Towards a appropriate design interventions makers and practitioners in the Transdisciplinary Research Agenda’, to enable active and healthy development of age friendly cities. IAPS Bulletin, 22, pp. 21-24. lifestyles for older residents is more Available at: https://issuu.com/ urgent than ever. Place-Making with Related outputs: iaps-association/docs/bulletin_ Older Adults: Towards Age-Friendly Communities, through a comparative Woolrych, R., Sixsmith, J. (2017) study of cities in Brazil and the UK, ‘Ageing and Urbanisation: How Website explores the role of sense of place Can We Support the Rights of www.placeage.org/en/about in promoting age friendly urban Older People to Age-in-Place?’, spaces. Drawing on a total of 18 SURF Magazine. Summer/Autumn, Twitter available at: @placeage Brazilian (Brasilia, Pelotas and https://www.surf.scot/scotregen/ Porto Alegre) and British cities how-can-we-support-the-rights-of- (Edinburgh, Glasgow and older-people-to-age-in-place/ Manchester), the project will undertake surveys, interviews and Woolrych, R. (2017) ‘Delivering a range of experimental methods Age-Friendly Environments: such as ‘go along’ walks, video Social Justice and Rights to the diaries and community mapping. City’, The Planner, Royal Town Planning Institute, 169. pp. 10-11. a clearer picture of how sense of Available at: www.rtpi.org.uk/ place is experienced by older media/2314918/Scottish%20 residents and how this can be Planner%20169%20-%20FINAL.pdf incorporated into improved design and service delivery. 25
Ryan Woolrych, participatory mapping. Image courtesy of the author. 26
Woods In and Around Towns (WIAT): Influences on Psychological Wellbeing in Deprived URBAN AREAS
Do physical interventions to improve the appearance and usability of local woodlands, accompanied by community activities in the woodlands, reduce stress levels and increase physical activity and connectedness to nature in deprived urban communities?
Woods In and Around Towns The controlled study has involved The impact project, Public landscapes (WIAT) is a Forestry Commission a repeat cross-sectional survey of for public health, increases our Scotland initiative to improve residents living within 1.5km of quality of life in Scotland’s urban six Scottish sites: three where with relevant stakeholders, from and post-industrial areas through local woods have been changed, Government departments, to community access to new or through new paths and signage, for public agencies, local authorities regenerated woodland. In ten years, example, and social programmes to and private landowners. WIAT has brought 11,000 hectares encourage woodland use; and three of neglected woodland back into where no changes have been made. The project has been supported active management, created 1,400 Data has been collected in three by a Study Steering Group of hectares of new urban woodland waves: before any changes were and created or upgraded over made (2013); after physical changes Acceleration Award partners 300 miles of footpaths. were made (2014); and again after include Forestry Commission further social interventions had Scotland and Scottish Government. Building on evidence that green taken place (2015). The views and opinions expressed mental health, our study has looked A health economics analysis has therein are those of the authors assessed the cost consequences the psychological wellbeing and of each stage of intervention in those of the Public Health Research stress levels of people living in relation to outcomes such as mental Programme, NIHR, NHS or the deprived communities. It was wellbeing, and self-reported levels Department of Health. designed to take advantage of of physical activity, perception and WIAT as a natural experiment use of the woodlands,connectedness along Scotland’s ‘central belt’. to nature and social cohesion. 27
esa lead: Catharine Ward Thompson University of Edinburgh WITH: The University of Virginia The University of Glasgow London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Peter Aspinall Sara Tilley funding: National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research Programme YEAR: 2012 – 16; reporting in 2017. IAA, Public landscapes for public health, 2017 – 18
Photo: Richard Coyne
Related outputs:
Silveirinha de Oliveira, E., Aspinall, P., Briggs, A., Cummins, C., Leyland, A. H., Mitchell, R., Roe, J. and Ward Thompson, C. Commission Scotland’s woodland improvement programme Woods In and Around Towns (WIAT) at improving psychological well-being in deprived urban communities? A quasi-experimental study’ in BMJ Open 3:8. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2013-003648 CHAPTER 04
Global Cities, Spatial Planning and Place
04 29
esa lead: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari University of Edinburgh WITH: Tiago Torres Campos Penny Travlou Harry Smith Ryan Woolrych Diana Alvarez Francoise Coupe Beatriz Jaramillo Medellin Urban FUNDING: £115K The Newton-Caldas Innovation Research Funding, 2015, British Council YEAR: 2015 – 2017
Harnessing innovation in city development for social equity and wellbeing – a critical proposal to build on Medellin’s experience as a model for Colombian future cities.
However, an initial study of the The proposed institutional links Colombia is experiencing a period implementation of this planning collaboration will identify means of rapid economic growth and approach undertaken by Edinburgh to make Medellin a more socially urbanisation. It remains, however, and Heriot-Watt Universities with equitable and environmentally one of the most socially unequal Universidad Santo Tomas shows sustainable city, through two countries in Latin America. that: the city is spreading outwards interlinked components: Medellin has pioneered innovative without services and employment forms of city planning and being provided; new low-income 1. A research programme focusing management and was acclaimed developments are replicating on developing expertise in: the most innovative city in the high-rise models which failed (a) local heritage and culture; world. Hosting the World Urban worldwide; there is limited (b) public realm, green Forum in 2014 allowed it to intervention in the existing informal infrastructure and wellbeing; showcase its approach, key areas, many being in highly (c) housing; and (d) mobility elements of which have been: vulnerable locations where the and socio-economic integration. creation of innovative transport level of risk is likely to increase infrastructure linking poorer with climate change; development 2. A knowledge exchange and peripheral districts to the city has little regard for topography training programme open to centre; culture-led regeneration; and ecological considerations; Colombian practitioners, policy strong support of local development investment in accessible and good makers and students based from the local business sector; and quality public space is restricted on the themes above. a successful municipally-owned to some areas; the quality of the utilities company. public realm does not always support health and wellbeing of the ageing population. 30
BY: Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University WITH: Paul Jenkins YEAR: – 2018
Order and Disorder in Urban Space and Form
Order and Disorder is a joint-author research and monograph (80,000 words) to be published in 2018 by Routledge.
This book critically reviews the The Enlightenment was the basis for The book argues that these attempts development of the concept of a new attitude to the production of to institutionally order space and spatial order in modern urban form the built environment, stressing the form are actually negative in most from the European Enlightenment, role of the individual in design/ rapidly urbanising contexts despite how this has been translated into planning, within the social control their overlay of social betterment, precepts of urban design, how in of professional and stylistic peer- and are often the basis for political turn these have been translated to groups. From this historical point and economic exploitation. perceptions of the relationship social and cultural contexts and between space and society became urban space and form therefore increasingly institutionalised, albeit needs to start from an challenged in the emerging cities the actual development of space has understanding of the cultural of today. It argues that social order continued to elude this conceptual imaginaries and social constructs has more fundamental importance ordering. This is no more obvious that underpin the production of than ordered urban form in creating than in the rapidly urbanising most city fabric and engage with places in cities, and that urban Global South, where contemporary these concepts and organisational designers, planners, architects and perceptions of space and form forms to improve urban life for engineers and other built emphasise disorder, although what the majority. environment professionals need to produces urban space and form is base their approach to the moulding collective social order beyond the of urban space and new urban above institutionalisation processes. forms into urban places on deeper Despite this, perceptions of city inter-disciplinary understanding space worldwide continue to be of underlying social order. focused on attempts at institutional ordering based on concepts of ordered form. 31
esa lead: Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University WITH: Gabriela Medero Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Françoise Coupé Humberto Caballero Carlos Montoya Carlos Velasquez Helena Rivera Resilience or Resistance? Wilmar Castro funding: £160,000 Negotiated Mitigation of Landslide Global Challenges Research Fund NERC Risks in Informal Settlements in Resilience Programme Medellin YEAR: 2017 – 2018
Exploring and testing community-led approaches to negotiated mitigation of landslide risks in informal settlements in Medellin, Colombia.
This project explores the scope for, The project will provide: and acceptability of, landslide risk-reducing strategies for informal 1. A functioning pilot community- settlements from the community managed landslide risk and state perspectives; to mitigation monitoring scheme, understand the barriers to landslide which will serve as a model to risk-reducing strategies; and be replicated elsewhere after identify politically and practically improvements based on the viable approaches to landslide evaluation; risk-reducing strategies within a wider and more complex context 2. Pilot individual house risk- of social and physical risk. It does mitigating improvements as so in the city of Medellin, Colombia, exemplars in the (informal) Harry Smith, Resilience or resistance? Image courtesy which has received many accolades community; of author. for its urban planning and design and has become a ‘model’ for cities 3. Raised understanding and elsewhere. Despite the city’s awareness of perceptions of successes, informal settlement risk and techniques and growth on land at risk of landslides strategies that can mitigate continues to be a major problem landslide risk in informal due to its topography. settlements through collaborative action; Lessons learnt about landslide risk management in this city have the 4. potential to be easily disseminated around the interaction between across the developing world. technical, social, cultural and organisational knowledges to address in further research on landslide risk mitigation. 32
BY: Tahl Kaminer University of Edinburgh WITH: Hamish Kallin YEAR: 2017 –
URBAN IMBROGLIO: Urban development and contestation
Cities have been the key site of protest by mass social movements in recent years; but they are also the object of protests and contestation regarding urban development and redevelopment.
Inequalities in distribution of resources, questions of democracy, justice and fairness have dominated the urban agenda.
This research project takes a close look at Edinburgh and Scottish Planning, with the intention to problematize the current urban processes and conditions, to expose the power structures and forces shaping the city.
‘London’s Boundary Street Estate, photographed in 1989 by Christopher Hilton. Licensed CC-by-sa2.0. 33
esa lead: Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University WITH: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Ana Miret funding: £15,000 for KE programme Scottish Universities Insight Institute, College of Arts and Humanities funding at UoE Waterfront YEAR: 2014 – Regeneration in Scotland
Exploring the potential for successful place-making in Scotland’s major waterfront regeneration projects.
With the current major waterfront Related outputs: subsequent recession have had a regeneration projects across the great impact on the economic three Central Belt cities of Glasgow, Smith H, Garcia-Ferrari S, Dawson development of Scotland, as well as Dundee and Edinburgh accounting E, (2016) ‘Approaches to waterfront of other parts of the UK and Europe, for a large proportion of overall regeneration within a common causing a dramatic slow-down in urban regeneration in Scotland, regulatory framework in Scotland: urban regeneration and urban these provide a key opportunity to The experiences of Glasgow, development activities. Urban test the aspirations and strategies Dundee and Edinburgh’, policy-making during this period proposed in policy and guidance PORTUSplus, 6, 2016. has not stalled however, with new against the practical drivers and strategies, policies and guidance barriers of institutional Final Report on Waterfront being formulated at both national arrangements and socio-economic Regeneration for Scottish level (e.g. the Scottish Planning conditions. Lessons can be drawn Universities Insight Institute Policy, National Planning from past experience in waterfront (2015) available at Framework 3, etc.) and local level regeneration in Scotland as well as www.scottishinsight.ac.uk/ (e.g. City of Edinburgh Council’s internationally. In addition, such Portals/50/Waterfront%20 Proposed Local Development lessons may be applicable to new Regeneration/Waterfront%20 Plan and the Edinburgh Design and future waterfront regeneration Regeneration_programme%20 Guidance). With the expected initiatives elsewhere in Scotland, summary.pdf upturn in the economy there is including in less urbanised areas a need to understand how these such as in the Highlands and policy and guidance frameworks Islands. can be best implemented to unlock the social, economic and This project builds on earlier environmental potential of urban action-research on waterfront regeneration in Scotland. regeneration around the North Sea funded by the European Regional Development Fund Interreg IIIB North Sea Programme 2003-2007, http://archive.northsearegion.eu/ iiib/projectpresentation/ CHAPTER 05
History and Heritage
05 35
BY: Ana Bonet Miro University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2013 –
Education, Technology and Play: The Development and Transformation of Joan Littlewood’s Fun Palace Programme during the 1960s and 70s
This research represents a new kind of critical investigation of the renowned Fun Palace as an emancipatory educational and civic cultural programme developed in London between 1961 and 1975.
Crafted though the interdisciplinary Paying close attention to the Related publications: collaboration between the radical crucial role of Littlewood in the theatre entrepreneur Joan development and transformation of Bonet Miro, A. (2016) ‘Sigma Littlewood, architect Cedric Price, the programme, this study aims to Portfolio and Bubble City: Ludic cyberneticist Gordon Pask amongst analyse this mobile educational idea Sites for a Mobile Fun Palace others, it aimed to construct Programme’, Architecture and situations in which self-directed this research will contextualize Culture, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 137-61. and playful exchange could activate historically the ideological audiences. By 1964 the Fun Palace investment in the concepts of had gained momentum, and pleasure and play informing the a giant cybernetic infrastructure project, and the hopes attached to was depicted within the Civic them. A close examination of the Trust’s plans for Lea Valley. However, by the end of the decade, archives and their related media its social ambitions were conveyed contexts, will unveil the role played in a series of community-led by communications technology in temporary and local playgrounds distributing democratic ambitions emergent in Stratford East. Constantly struggling for a site Ultimately, the research enquires in the institutional map of London, into the critical role of play and the Fun Palace would be realised technology, in advancing informal as a media event, through the and self-directed educational ideals as routes to the constitution of new to promote the ambitious idea kinds of subjectivity, at a time of during the 1960s and 70s. momentous social, political and economic change. 36
BY: Iain Boyd Whyte University of Edinburgh WITH: Claudia Hopkins Silvia Bottinelli Igor Dukhan Serge Guilbaut Miguel Ángel Hernández Navarro European Writing on the Art of Veerle Thielamans the United States 1945–1990 FUNDING: $13,500 & $141,515 Terra Foundation YEAR: 2015 – 2019
The focus of the book is the reception of US visual art in the writings of non-Anglophone art historians,
artists and critics in Europe between 1945 – 90.
This timespan opens up exciting Americans themselves not only Related publications: opportunities to re-think and explore the ideological, social, American art became synonymous Publication is scheduled for economic, aesthetic, and didactic with contemporary art but also February 2019, to coincide with positions on which European exported it through the idea that the annual conference of the US responses to American art were American painting had ‘triumphed’ College Art Association. grounded. This timespan opens up on a world stage (Irving Sandler, exciting opportunities to re-think Triumph of American Painting: and explore the ideological, social, A History of Abstract economic, aesthetic, and didactic Expressionism, 1970). While the positions on which European notion of ‘triumph’ is controversial, responses to American art were the consensus is that the American grounded. The starting point of postwar movements – abstract 1945 marks the division between painting (abstract expressionism, what has been called ‘Historical post-painterly abstraction, hard- American Art’ and ‘Contemporary American Art’ (see Barbara painting, etc.), pop art, minimalism, Groseclose and Jochen Wierich, conceptual art, land art, body/ eds., Internationalizing the History performance art; followed in the of Art, 2009). As the latter was 1980s by postmodern tendencies more internationalist in outlook, such as appropriation art and abject it naturally stimulated a more art – experienced an unprecedented vigorous response across the globe international success. The in non-English-speaking cultures. anthology’s end date of 1990 marks Perestroika in the Soviet Union, the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and the unravelling of the Cold War. 37
ESA lead: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Alan Forster Enrique Valero Historic Environment Scotland (HES) FUNDING: £50,000 HES YEAR: 2017 – Historic Digital Survey II
Enhancing performance and objectivity of historic building surveying using modern reality capture technology, machine learning and BIM.
This on-going project is developing Related outputs: new solutions to enhance the performance (time) and robustness Valero, E., Bosché, F. N., Forster, A. M., Wilson, L., Leslie, A. (2017), and recording when surveying a ‘Evaluation of Historic Masonry: historic building. Focus to date has Towards Greater Objectivity and been stone masonry. The project Heritage Building particularly investigates laser Information Modelling, Routledge, scanning and photogrammetry as pp. 75-101. modern reality capture technology, innovative algorithms for stone Bosché F., Forster A., Valero E. segmentation, machine learning as (2015), ‘3D Surveying Technologies a robust and objective way to and Applications: Point Clouds and classify defect, and integration with Beyond. Technical Report’, Historic BIM technologies and processes. Environment Scotland. 38
BY: Margaret Stewart University of Edinburgh WITH: Jenny Nex Genevieve Bicknell Patti Amat funding: £3,000 YEAR: 2017 – ‘Loudoun’: A Documentary film
‘Loudoun’ explores landscape design and architecture animation, aerial photography, dramatisation, still photography – to communicate inaccessible fragile archives and complex history with greater immediacy to non-expert audiences.
An atmospheric, narrative driven They read 17th-century This is followed by aerial and drone metaphysical and Latin texts, photography of existing designed play games of cards and dice, tell landscapes, images of maps, plans communicate complex ideas with tales of ancient victories – sadness and original drawings to explain the greater immediacy to non-expert and hope inspire them to design characteristics and style of these audiences. To present fragile, a garden commemorating their formal landscapes. inaccessible drawings of great dead parents? Later, Mar become historical vale to a wider public, the principal designer of this new To enhance audience and to enhance awareness of style in Scotland. engagement, Mar’s drawings are landscape design c.1700. animated – a drawing for Academic sources will be cited banqueting house has talking Two boys – Lord Mar and Lord throughout. Authenticity will statues who play a jig and a sketch Loudoun, aged 11 and 15, at contrast with imaginary animated of peasants who dance to it; on Loudoun Castle in 1690 grieve the sequences of authentic early death of their parents. Both inherit 18th century drawings but treated Highlanders converse in Gaelic aristocratic titles but they struggle in a whimsical and entertaining (translation supplied) and play to meet social expectations. How a lament on their bagpipes. can they commemorate their lost boys at Loudoun Castle, Ayrshire parents and do their duty? discussing their design. 39
BY: Miles Glendinning University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2014 – 2020
Mass Housing. Modern Architecture and State Power: A Global History
Mass Housing will provide a comprehensive global history of the interaction of modern architecture and state power round the cause of ‘homes for the people’.
Mass Housing is a single-author research and publication project these fragmented sub-themes into architectural and city-planning which will result in a major (500 an authoritative narrative of the practices of Modernism with the pages+) monograph to be published global movement of Modernist key contextual factors shaping in 2020 by Bloomsbury Academic mass-housing production, from its housing production, such as Press. Its focal subject is the vast European roots around 1900 to its politico-cultural ideology, socio- drive after 1945 to provide “homes recent dramatic resurgence in for the people”, which was one Eastern Asia, acknowledging both construction/organisation. of the world’s most ubiquitous its linking themes and its diversity. This, in turn, will allow exploration modern architectural programmes, It traces a century of furious of broader meta-narratives, such and a central legitimizing pillar of campaigning, focusing on intense as the relationship of architecture nation-states worldwide; yet it also high-production “hotspots” in the as a whole to state-building and post-1945 years, but contextualising cultural/political ideology. cultural theme of egalitarian these with backdrop phases. This represents a ‘globalised’ Modernist transformation. Its overarching theme is the expansion of the chronological/ Recently, in most European and interaction of Modernist ideology geographical/thematic formula Western countries, this national/ and expansive state power in the of my 1994 book on UK housing international legacy has undergone ‘housing-drives’ of the ‘long 20th (with Stefan Muthesius), Tower waves of disillusionment and Block. Compiling this story attempted revitalization. regional diversity, the book’s involves literature-surveys and But its sheer scale and controversial overriding narrative incorporates a character have seemed too geographically-arranged secondary of the world. overwhelming to allow any structure. Framed by chronological introductory and concluding Related Outputs: There is growing interest in the sections (Parts I, III), the central story of mass housing, but historical section (Part II), covering the focal Tower Block: accounts are so far restricted to a 1945-1989 era, outlines the world’s national/regional/local level. key mass-housing ‘campaigns’, TowerBlock.pdf spanning all continents and all major countries. 40
BY: Alistair Fair University of Edinburgh funding: Royal Society of Edinburgh, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland YEAR: 2013 – 2017
Modern Playhouses: An Architectural History of Britain’s New Theatres, 1945 – 1985
A major new study of British theatre architecture, period’s architectural, social, and urban histories.
Between the 1950s and the 1980s, Local authorities were often keen Related publications: a wave of theatre-building led to to promote theatre building as an the construction of often substantial expression of their ambitions and Fair, A. (ed.) (2015) Setting new theatres across the length and to stimulate civic pride: many the Scene: perspectives on breadth of England, Scotland, and theatres were included in larger twentieth-century theatre architecture Wales. The vast majority were – ‘civic’ developments and (Farnham: Ashgate). unlike pre-1939 theatres – comprehensive redevelopment supported by public subsidies, schemes. Architects, meanwhile, Fair, A. (forthcoming) Modern both in terms of their construction embraced the possibilities of what Playhouses: an architectural history and operation. In this respect, the Peter Moro – one of several of Britain’s new theatres, 1945-1985 introduction of a system of public designers who specialised in the (Oxford: Oxford University Press). subsidy in the late 1940s had re-cast type – dubbed the ultimate building culture as an arm of the nascent for its balance of public and private Welfare State, in which access to functions, its symbolic potential, the arts was understood as a basic and its technical complexity. right and a way to counterbalance the potential materialism of an This project has led to journal articles, magazine contributions, conference presentations, and a Britain’s new theatres were shaped Knowledge Exchange project with by a range of individuals and The Theatres Trust. The principal organisations, including local output is a book of 120,000 words theatre companies whose newly (Oxford University Press, 2018), subsidised status allowed them to which, by setting these buildings improve their work and expand in a wider context, also sheds new their horizons. light on the architectural and social histories of post-war Britain. 41
Eden Court Theatre, Inverness (1976), photograph by A. Fair. 42
BY: Miles Glendinning University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2015 – 2021
Public Housing in Hong Kong: An Architectural and Policy History
A History of Public Housing in Hong Kong will provide an in-depth history of the political, organisational and architectural aspects of the world’s most daring public housing programme.
A History of Public Housing in Hong How did this astonishingly bold In the process, the book Kong is a single-author research building campaign come about – so counterbalances the portrayal, and publication project which will in most Western countries, result in a major (130,000 words+) in the century-long global saga of of public housing’s story as monograph to be published in public housing? While some a pre-ordained ‘failure’. 2021-2 by Routledge.Every year, existing books deal with fragments countless tourists visit the dynamic Asian city-territory of Hong Kong, address it in its entirety. marvelling at the capitalist vigour This is a subject of high intrinsic of the world’s ‘freest economy’. historical interest: one of the most But much of Hong Kong is taken dramatic episodes in the history of up by something unnoticed by the building of the modern, visitors, yet vitally underpinning post-1945 world, and one which, the capitalist prosperity: vast remarkably, still continues today. swathes of public housing in Here, the book establishes what was planned communities built by built and why, based on methodical the state. Begun in the 1950s historical explanation of archive as emergency palliatives by a sources and recollections of key beleaguered British colonial establishment facing burning inventorisation of the built patterns. demographic and political And it contextualises the pressures, these evolved into programme within the wider global ambitious, indigenously-shaped narratives of mass housing and of strategies in community-building, late British colonialism, especially employing ever-taller ‘tower blocks’ through comparisons with the far higher than elsewhere (40+ parallel housing drive in storeys) and city-sized new towns. decolonising Singapore. 43
BY: Miles Glendinning University of Edinburgh WITH: Aonghus Mackechnie YEAR: 2015 – 2019
Scotch Baronial: The Architecture of Scottish National Identity
Scotch Baronial (co-authored with Aonghus MacKechnie) politico-cultural analyses of Scottish ‘national identity’ through a politically-framed examination of Scotland’s ‘castellated’ architecture, especially during the ‘unionist centuries’ from 1603 onwards.
Scotch Baronial is a joint-author During those years, Scottish None of this has been done before. research and publication project nationalism was assertively We begin with the wider context of early-modern European politics, (85,000 words+) monograph to be from today, focused on parity of moving on to address the growth of published in 2019 by Bloomsbury esteem within Union and Empire – Romanticism and nationalism at an Academic. and the monumental forms of international level, explaining the architecture played a central role pioneering architectural role played Scotland’s politics have always within that discourse.Our book been expressed in its architecture, encompasses all the principal public with the shock of World War I, but nobody has narrated that architectural works of 16th-19th and a new and paradoxical age in connection. Architectural and century secular ‘castellated’ Scottish which an independence-orientated documentary historians have architecture, from the palaces left political Scottish nationalism avoided each other’s ‘territory’. behind by the ‘lost’ monarchy to the emerged while the ‘Castle Age’ story’s climax – the proud ‘Scotch a politically-framed examination Baronial’ country mansions and of Scotland’s ‘castellated’ town halls of the Victorian age. architecture, especially during The book will ‘introduce’ to an the three ‘unionist centuries’ international audience the world’s from 1603. architecture, and we do so from a strongly document-based research angle, referencing both manuscript and contemporary publications. 44
BY: Ian Campbell University of Edinburgh FUNDING: Paul Mellon Centre for British Art Senior Research Fellowship 2015 – 2016 YEAR: 2015 –
Scottish Renaissance and Baroque Architecture, c. 1370 – 1750
The book consolidates and extends twenty years of work challenging the dominant inferiorist interpretation of Scottish early modern architecture.
Scottish Reinassance and Baroque This book sets out to change the Architecture comprises nine main paradigm that Scottish architecture chapters: the Indigenous was backward and provincial until the union with England. French fashion; the Northern It demonstrates that Scotland was Renaissance: Iberian currents; the Salomonic theme; Baronial to participate architecturally in the revivalism; Scottish Baroque; Renaissance and was fully engaged in receiving and transmitting the architecture. Some of the ideas latest currents of architectural chapters have been published in fashions. articles. After some initial scepticism, they have been well received by scholars and appear in standard works such as Glendinning and MacKechnie’s Scottish Architecture. Bringing them together in a book with new research is intended to ensure that these ideas enter the mainstream and make Scots and the rest of the architectural achievements of their early modern ancestors. 45
BY: Alistair Fair University of Edinburgh funding: Wellcome Trust YEAR: 2016 – 2017
The National Health Service: Towards an Architectural History
The National Health Service was a fundamental component of the post-war British Welfare State. It was implicated not only in the transformation of public health but also, in its architecture, the image of a modern country.
This piece of research examines the The work has three objectives: architectural consequences of the 1962 Hospital Plan, which called for • To contextualise the 1962 Hospital a major programme of construction. Plan within a wider programme Few hospitals had been built during of state-led technocratic the 1950s; after 1962, the pace modernisation substantially increased, prompting research and debate in all aspects • To examine the hospital of hospital design and construction. architecture of the 1960s To date, however, architectural and 1970s, exploring how historians have not seriously developments in Britain were engaged with these buildings. informed by such work as the Few were designed by well-known architects; few were ever completed abroad, and developments in as intended. other spheres.
• To identify key examples of the period and to understand how national policy and debate shaped local practice. CHAPTER 06
Culture and Theory
06 47
BY: Mark Cousins University of Edinburgh WITH: University of Kasetsart (Bangkok) FUNDING: Erasmus Experts Award 2017 YEAR: 2017 –
Architecture in south east asia
Drawing is central to architecture and allows us to discern/discover the essentials of design. This project examines the informal architecture of mobile street food vendors (in SE Asia) and celebrates the aesthetic and societal value of a myriad of nomadic stalls as the antithesis of the sanitized food court.
South East Asia, and Bangkok in Having spent a month in Bangkok, Related output: Mark Cousins completed 31 its vibrant street food, and books drawings (one for each day in Exhibition ‘Drawing on Bangkok’ such as David Thompson’s epic January 2017) and took some at m2 Gallery, London (7th May Thai Street Food (2009) have 1,800 photographs. The drawings – 1st July 2017). Two volume catalogued individual recipes employ pencil, pen and crayon and photobook, ‘Drawing on Bangkok: but the means by which street food endeavour to capture something of mobile architecture and the is delivered seems to have been the small scale dynamism which the metropolis’. largely overlooked.This project city authorities seem determined to focuses on the mobile architecture expunge (see article in The Guardian, of the vendors’ trollies, carts and dated 18th April 2017). wagons. Each stall holder’s wagon is highly personalized and bespoke to the particular food/snack for sale. Each stall is a small-scale (temporary) intervention in the public realm which connects to a wider network. 48
BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh WITH: Niall Hobhouse Tina di Carlo YEAR: 2017 –
The Architect’s Sketchbook: Histories, Materials, Technologies
Studying the historical conditions of emergence of the architect’s sketchbook as a material object, a disciplinary tool, and an instrument of self-fashioning; its transformations across the modern period; its relation to changing technological, material and ideological networks.
Architects’ sketchbooks have It is interested in questions The research, which will develop usually been considered in relation of the historical conditions of through close readings of selected emergence of the architect’s examples of sketchbooks held in evidence of particular experiences, sketchbook as a material object, a archives, takes a broad cultural- design processes and suchlike. disciplinary tool, and an instrument historical approach to its material, This study moves away from of self-fashioning; its informed by recent critical work what have to date been primarily transformations across the modern on historical forms of media and biographical readings of the period (taken here as the early- representation. sketchbook in order to address eighteenth century to the present); it in its own right as a historical, its relation to changing The outcome of the study will be a material, and even technological technological, material and major illustrated paper that opens form. ideological networks (involving, up a new approach to scholarship for example, paper manufacture, on the architect’s sketchbook. While drawing instrumentation, the paper will be a stand-alone piece technologies of travel – but in its own right, it will stimulate and also aesthetic ideologies, concepts orientate furtherwork on the topic and thereby engage both specialist cultural authority, etc.) interest groups (architects and architectural scholars, curators, etc.) and broader publics. 49
esa lead: Fiona McLachlan University of Edinburgh WITH: Stefanie Wettstein Lino Sibillano Marcella Wenger-Di Gabriele Ewen McLachlan Martina Guhl Markus Pricin Colour in Space: Ian Boyd Whyte Maria Zurbuchen Myths and FUNDING: Haus der Farbe Misunderstandings YEAR: 2014 – 2017
Revisiting the persistence of dogmas in colour design – an international collaboration to enhance and inform the practice, industry and teaching of colour in architecture.
The project will investigate, Research on colour in three- Relevant publications: question and distil current dimensional settings is understood research and presently accepted/ to be relatively neglected in McLachlan, Fiona (2017) ‘Shifting perpetuated norms in relation to comparison with graphic design, and Unstable: The role of colour the perception of colour in space, product design, textiles and digital using examples predominately media. Colour needs to be readings of architecture’, Journal of drawn from architectural settings. considered in an holistic, situated the International Colour Association. The perception of colour in space context of time, place, function and 17, pp. 28-37 is known to be a complex culture. In a post-positivist age of phenomenon experienced through ambiguity and uncertainty, how do we understand colour in space? human, intellectual, physiological, Often colour is a loosely used term psychology, cultural and social. for hue, but which properties of Colour design cannot therefore colour (lightness, chromacity, follow universally applicable rules, quantity, material surface) and yet there is an apparent demand for which properties of space, (light, guidance. In the absence of clarity, function, neighbourhoods) are dogmas for colour design proliferate, often based on misunderstood or limited factors. Are any of these valid?
The aim of the research is to enhance and inform the practice, Herzog & de Mueron, Trinity industry and teaching of colour Laban Dance centre, London (2003). Photograph courtesy design. of F. McLachlan. 50
BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh WITH: John Beck YEAR: 2014 –
Designing the Deep Future: Catastrophe, Containment and the Cultural Imagination
An archaeology of the ways in which late-modern has imagined projecting itself into – the deep future.
This book aims to develop an Deep futures never sit within contemporary cultural practices and archaeology of the ways in which narratives of continuity with present artifacts, even as they are assembled conditions, but it is exactly this that and organised to make claims upon has addressed itself to – and has makes them such peculiarly – and even to colonise – that future. imagined projecting itself into – symptomatic sites for understanding The container, as the vessel through the deep future. the latter (how the present which the present conveys or assembles or ‘designs’ itself for the transmits something to the future, Developing out of a background future; what it selects for salvage; is the characteristic technocultural within which theories of the earth, its criteria of inclusion or exclusion; artifact of this story and the book its imagined ethical responsibilities will build up through a series of and military-industrial toward those to come; etc.) case-studies that examine and advancement are closely entwined, far-futures thinking developed This is to say that the interlinked, cultural histories of through the Cold War era as a postcatastrophic deep future is such projects of containment. complex arena in which geopolitical where the present, any present, antagonism, competing ideologies, meets its limit conditions – where Related outputs: and technological progress met not only material endurance but with military strategy, emergent also the possibility of any Beck, J. and Dorrian, M. (2014) discourses of risk, and assorted communication comes into ‘Postcatastrophic Utopias’, visions of the society-to-come. question. We see this, for example, Cultural Politics, 10(2), pp. 132–50. Importantly, the deep future is a in contemporary dilemmas over the condition that extends beyond any marking of radioactive waste sites, Beck, J. and Dorrian, M. which will remain toxic for so long (forthcoming) ‘The Future that even the species-condition of Leaks Out: On Time Capsules, place on the other side of some the future addressees of the signs is Cut-Ups and the Anticipation of catastrophic occurrence that marks uncertain. In this way thinking Catastrophe’, Theory, Culture and the threshold of knowability. about the deep future critically folds Society. back into, and poses questions to, the constitutive limits of 51
BY: Tahl Kaminer University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2011 – 2017
The Efficacy of Occupy Wall Street demonstration on September Architecture 15th, 2012. Photograph by Paul Stein. Creative Commons: Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).
In reaction to the rise of architectural interest in the political, in citizen participation, in everyday life and in societal transformation, this research studies architectural agency.
It studies the political theories Related publications: has taken place in the discipline of animating the architects, revisits the architecture in the last years. emergence of reformist architecture Kaminer, T. (2017) T Originating in a displeasure with in late-nineteenth-century, and Architecture: Political Contestation the ‘starchitecture’ system and brings to the fore the relation of and Agency (London: Routledge). the focus on aesthetic innovation, spatial organization to social forms. a growing number of architects, In the process, a clearer picture Kaminer, T. (2014) ‘The emboldened by the 2007-8 economic emerges of the agency of Contradictions of Participatory crisis, have staged a rebellion architecture, of the threats to as Architecture and Empire’, in against the dominant mode of well as potentials for meaningful Architectural Research Quarterly, architectural production. Against a societal transformation through Vol. 18, Issue 1, March, pp. 31-37, ‘disinterested’ position emulating architectural design. high art, they have advocated political engagement, citizen participation and the right to the city. Against the fascination with the have promoted an interest in everyday life, play, self-build and personalization. At the centre of this rebellion is the call for architecture to (re-)assume its social and political role in society. This research project supports the return of architecture to politics by interrogating theories, practices and instances that claim or evidence architectural agency. 52
BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh WITH: Niall Hobhouse YEAR: 2017 – 2019
Peter Wilson – Drawing and Narrative
A sustained scholarly consideration of the work of Peter Wilson.
Emerging from the Architectural This project addresses this through Association in the 1970s, Peter a two-day symposium during Wilson’s work has displayed a very which key scholars and practitioners – from the UK, Europe sensibility involving a heightened and US – will come to ESALA to The event will be held in range of his production and his collaboration with the Drawing publications, there has been no Matter Trust, and Peter Wilson will sustained scholarly consideration himself attend and speak. An edited of his work. volume of essays will be developed based on the presentations. 53
BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh WITH: Christos Kakalis YEAR: 2016 – 2018
The Place of Silence: Architecture / Media / Philosophy
An exploration of the poetics and politics of silence in architecture and related media.
This edited collection – which At an extreme, silence is often the incorporates contributions by sign of a limit condition – the internationally recognised scholars silence that falls at the point of in architecture and the humanities, exhaustion, catastrophe or including Gernot Böhme, Paul technological breakdown – or else is Carter, and Alberto Pérez-Gómez – taken to mark the traumatic limits explores the poetics and politics of silence in architecture and related to an event beyond any possibility media through a series of of adequate expression or thematically interlinked chapters. symbolization. And yet at the same time, silence inheres in the situations is highly relative, and the everyday, appearing as the very term itself – which is often linked precondition of communication, to some condition of cessation or as the gap or delay that acts as the interval – carries complex and support of speech, or the spacing that forms the condition of legibility of written text. Divided into four on one hand, the often-remarked thematic sections – Mediating upon contemporary ‘loss of silence’ Silence, Material Silences, Practicing has been frequently linked to Silence, and Silence and the Senses – the chapters of the book unfold or inwardness, silence has also, a rich and complementary array on the other, been understood of perspectives on architecture and silence. Together, these build into outwardness – of heightened a volume that will form the key attention, anticipation, suspense scholarly resource on this topic. or expanded listening. 54
BY: Fiona McLachlan University of Edinburgh WITH: Antonio Malinowski Adam Nathaniel Furman Ivana Wingham YEAR: 2015 – 2019
Saturated Space: Architecture of Colour
The project, a co-edited book, builds on the work of the Saturated Space research group at the Architectural Association, London. The proposed book will be an edited volume of essays bringing together a uniquely broad range of disciplines fusing art and science.
Colour as a metaphysical Relevant outputs: phenomenon, enlightens and reader a narrative journey of poetry invigorates, yet is frequently and precision focused on the www.saturatedspace.org misunderstood or neglected as an sublime experience of colour as a instrument in the design of space. www.issuu.com/saturatedspace The book will present personal Space: Architecture of Colour Saturated Space Symposium represents an, as yet, unseen chemistry, earth science, engagement with a world of London, November 2016: mathematics, physics, chemical numerous thresholds in which www.youtube.com/ colour and architecture interact. works from practitioners in art and architecture and insights from commentators, theoreticians and critics in art and literature – each space practitioner’. Together they demonstrate a search for this unique and optically chiasmic space of saturation, one that is contingent to the practice of colour and architecture at urban, interior, object and molecular level. 55
BY: Liam Ross University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2012 – 2018
Standard Side Effects: The Accidental Architectures of Fire-Safety Regulation
Drawing-out the unintended consequences of building standardisation.
This PhD explores the messy The research employs concepts and Looking for discrepancies between interaction of political and methods drawn from Infrastructure the stated intention of the architectural questions within Studies.It understands such codes, regulations and their consequences processes of building standards and regulations as both on the ground, the thesis argues standardization. It studies the discursive and material formations; governmental intent of such processes through which modernization’, the collateral processes; the problems they governmental ways of thinking consequences of regulatory respond to, the rationales they are constituted and mediated processes are in fact central employ, their particular ways through practical application. of seeing, and the roles and this basis it suggests architects The methodology followed is one realise the capacity for building of an ‘Infrastructural Inversion’; design to engage with and re-shape the research aims to uncover the governmentality. of such processes; the ways in assumptions and sidings embedded which those caught up in legislative within our built environment Related outputs: frameworks re-direct them to their by focussing on its embedded own purposes. standards and codes, making them Ross, L. (2015) ‘On the Materiality visible through both historical and of Law: Spatial and Legal Liam Ross and Max Ochel Spectres of by-design analysis. The research Appropriations of the Lagos Edo Castle. Urban Fire Walls (white) Fire Risk (Red), 2016. topic is framed through a focus on Set-Back’, Architectural Theory Review 20, no. 2, May, pp. 247-65. through comparative case-studies. These studies analyse a number of Ross, L. (2015) ‘Regulatory Spaces, cities; Edinburgh, Lagos, Tokyo and Physical and Metaphorical: On the London. In each case, they study the legal and spatial occupation of regulatory requirement; travel Beech. Industries of Architecture, egress time. London: Routledge, pp 235-45. 56
BY: Miguel Paredes University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2016 –
Ugly, Useless, Unstable: new materialisms and projective processes in architecture
the contemporary discourses of New Materialism, deployed through the perspective of architectural design and aimed at an architectural readership.
Ugly, Useless, Unstable is a This value structure is confronted Related publications: monograph presenting a series with a non-binary framework of of contemporary takes on Neo- development and evaluation, which Paredes Maldonado, M. ‘The Materialist thought, deployed destabilises the axiomatic character Limits of the Useful: Revising through an architectural design of the classical by repositioning it the Operational Framework perspective and aimed at an as an occasional occurrence within of Usefulness in Architectural architectural audience. an extended landscape of potential Production’, Drawing On: Journal productive processes. This of Architecture Research by Design, This book traces relevant strands framework is developed throughout 1 (2015), 85–98. of 20th century post-structuralism the three main chapters of the and their gradual evolution monograph, tapping into a towards 21st century neo-materialist theoretical lineage that conjoins ontologies, investigating their the work of Henri Bergson, potential to challenge the classical Gilles Deleuze, Bernard Cache and canonical framework for both the Manuel de Landa (among others) description and the production of through the notion of possibility the built environment. The starting spaces. Each chapter endeavours to theoretical argument develops tackle one classical trope – Beauty, a reassessment of the classical Utility and Stability – and dissolve Miguel Paredes Maldonado, apparatus, exposing it as a it into a broader continuum of Ugly, Useless, Unstable. contingent value structure that heterogeneous production, has been inherited from ultimately articulating how comprehensive conceptualisation this non-hierarchical space of potentials can be mobilized the Western Enlightenment. as a methodological approach to both design and judgement in architecture. 57
BY: Suzanne Ewing University of Edinburgh WITH: Igea Troiani
Visual Methodologies in Architectural Research
This co-edited book sets out visual methodologies for architectural research.
Contributors use visual texts culture has changed the research disseminating scholarly research, including drawings, diagrams, methodologies practiced by many it is less common for architectural paintings, visual devices, humanities disciplines, and we researchers to produce exploratory expose critical positions on these visual, aural, tactile or oral of visualisations through which to (Krauss in Art History, Pink in visualisations of their research – research architecture, landscape Ethnography, and Rose in Cultural whether static or moving image – design and interior architecture. or to explore language and text as The visual methods intersect those architecture might use ‘visuality’ as visual material. In the context of used in ethnography, anthropology, a research method so as to increase visual culture and media studies. the architectural researcher’s visual to moving project and with practice- literacy. It aims to present a range of based and design research gaining approach to the use of visual inter-disciplinary approaches which momentum in architectural methodologies for qualitative open up territory for new forms of scholarship, there is now a need architectural research. It presents visual architectural scholarship. a diverse, but not comprehensive, for architectural scholarship so as selection of ways for the architect or The visual is understood as always architectural researcher to use their connected with our embodied ways of looking at and seeing gaze as part of their research experience. The experience of architectural research. practice for the purpose of visual architecture is a multi-sensorial one literacy. Its contributors explore and involving our bodily perception of The research for this book has use, what we term, ‘Critical space, engaging all of our senses. been developed from a symposium Visualisations’ which employ In order to design, architectural chaired by Troiani and Ewing at observation and socio-cultural practitioners produce a range of the All Ireland Research Group critique through the creation of visualisations that capture some of (Dublin, 2014), presentation at the visual texts, drawings, diagrams, these. The representation of future AHRA Postgraduate symposium paintings, visual devices, reality requires that the visual is used as part of the architect’s informed by their ongoing forms. The book positions these in repertoire in working with spatial, collaborative work on publication relation to visual methods practiced material and temporal conditions. of interdisciplinary research in ethnography, anthropology, However, because illustrated textual and criticism as co-editors of visual culture and media studies. exposition is the most common peer-reviewed journal, Architecture The emergence of studies in visual method of producing and and Culture. 58
esa lead: Suzanne Ewing University of Edinburgh WITH: Glasgow Women’s Library Architecture Fringe 2017; Collective Architecture; ESALA Panel YEAR: 2016 – Voices of Experience: Women Making Modern Scotland
‘Voices of Experience’ is a collaborative project which choreographs site-based conversations between architects
The project formed part of the The contextual focus is late Over a series of autumn and Glasgow Women’s Library’s 25th twentieth century Scotland, at summer site days, they discussed Autumn and Spring Programme a time when building Scotland their work and shared their (2016-17) and is developing an oral experience of working within and material archive in partnership to the social and public purpose Cumbernauld New Town, the with GWL, Architecture Fringe of architecture (Building Scotland, Clyde Valley, Glasgow Necropolis, 2017, Collective Architecture, Alan Reiach and Robert Hurd, Linlithgow, and Edinburgh’s ESALA and Panel. The project 1938; Rebuilding Scotland, The historic centre and University asks how role models and built Postwar vision 1945-1975, Miles quarter. Insights include how environment histories might be Glendinning, 1997). Contributors architects discover their re-thought and accessed in new to the project have included preoccupations, strengths, range ways through listening to architect Margaret Richards experienced architects, planners, (formerly of RMJM), conservation working relationships and formats; designers, engineers who have architect Fiona Sinclair, architect/ resonating experiences of women not been written into professional historian Dorothy Bell, teacher/ entering into architectural education myths, mainstream history and decades apart; and the making and public consciousness. planner Kirsteen Borland, architect remaking of homes and work at Denise Bennetts and conservation Motivated by the lack of experiential (hi)stories of have been joined by Mairi Laverty, architectural practice and projects, Nicola Mclachlan, Cathy Houston and with ambition to steward new and Emma Fairhurst of Collective practice-based disciplinary stories, Architecture, Glasgow, Heather the project constructs a series of Claridge of Glasgow City Council, conversations between a highly Melanie Hay, conservation architect experienced architect and an and Grace Marks, coordinator of architect at the outset of their RADIAL project. career who have a project site or thematic concern in common. CHAPTER 07
Social Inclusion and Urban Governance
07 60
ESA LEAD: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Filip Sosenko Sarah Johnsen Beth Watts Janice Blenkinsopp Jenny Wood Paul Cosgrove Destitution in the UK Mandy Littlewood Kantar Public funding: £411,712 Joseph Rowntree Foundation YEAR: 2015 – 2017
The original Destitution in the UK study, conducted in causes and experience of destitution in this country.
It had been hoped that the 2015 Related outputs: Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S. and study would also be able to identify Sosenko, F. (2016) Destitution in the recent trends in destitution in the Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, G., UK: Technical Report. Edinburgh: UK, but this was severely hampered Sosenko, F. Blenkinsopp, J., Johnsen, Heriot-Watt University. by the lack of reliable time series S., Littlewood, M., Netto, G. and data. A follow-up study now seeks Watts, B. (2016) Destitution in the Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S. & to provide an up-to-date, deepened UK: Final Report. York: Joseph Sosenko, F. (2017 forthcoming) and more comprehensive account Rowntree Foundation. ‘Severe poverty and destitution’, of the current position on in G.Bramley & N. Bailey (eds) destitution in the UK (see further Poverty and Social Exclusion in the below). Moreover, by documenting UK: Vol 2: the Dimensions of changes in those services included Disadvantage. Bristol: Policy Press. in both surveys, we hope to comment on trends, though it should be noted that our estimates margins of uncertainty. 61
esa lead: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Filip Sosenko Jenny Wood Mandy Littlewood funding: £20,630 Social Bite Eradicating ‘Core Homelessness’ YEAR: 2017 in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen: Providing an Evidence Base
The overall aim of this research project is to provide an evidence base for the disbursement of an estimated £4million to relevant service provider organisations in Scotland’s four largest cities to work towards the eradication of the most extreme forms of homelessness. 62
esa lead: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Jenny Edwards David Ford Filip Sosenko Sarah Johnsen funding: £100,000 Lankelly Chase Foundation Hard Edges: Developing a Profile YEAR: 2012 – 2015 of Severe and Multiple Disadvantage in England
A quarter of a million people experience SMD in a typical year, and they cost the government £4bn in excess costs of public services, while experiencing some of the worst quality of life of anyone.
In January 2015 the report Hard The central part of the Hard Edges Related outputs: Edges: mapping severe and multiple research involved interrogating disadvantage, England, was a range of datasets, both Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S., Sosenko, published by the Lankelly Chase administrative and survey based, F. (2015) Hard Edges: Mapping Foundation. This report attracted to look at the characteristics and Severe and Multiple Disadvantage. considerable notice and has experiences of people in touch England, Lankelly Chase, continued to attract interest from with services and experiencing Government and a wide range of combinations of those issues. See: organisations. It sought to provide It presented new estimates of www.lankellychase.org.uk manifestation of ‘severe and combinations of problems, of their multiple disadvantage’ (SMD) demographic and geographic in England, in this instance using this as a shorthand to signify the current quality of life, service costs problems faced by adults involved and outcomes. In its initial scoping in the homelessness, substance stages the research also explored the misuse and criminal justice systems in England while group of interest, the underlying underlining the strong links with causes, circumstances and triggers poverty and mental ill-health. to their condition pathways in and out, mainly through literature review and interviews with experts and service users. 63
esa lead: Glen Bramley Heriot-Watt University WITH: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Filip Sosenko Jenny Wood Mandy Littlewood Christine Scullion Cathy Stancer Alice Evans Hard Edges Scotland: Developing Claire Frew funding: £115,000 a Profile of Severe and Multiple Lankelly Chase Foundation, with Robertson Trust Disadvantage in Scotland YEAR: 2016 – 2018
This project which follows the Hard Edges study severe and multiple disadvantage.
Based on secondary datasets, but remit to encompass mental health and domestic violence issues. The project will also involve engagement with key actors on policy issues, focus groups and qualitative interviews with people with lived experience and service users. 64
esa lead: Filip Sosenko Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Sarah Johnsen Di McNeish Sara Scott Sally McManus funding: £79,849 Lankelly Chase Foundation Hard Edges 2: An Additional YEAR: 2016 – 2017 Profile of Severe and Multiple Disadvantage in England
The project is a follow-up to the ‘Hard Edges’ study conducted by I-SPHERE in 2012 – 2015.
The project will provide a gender- This follow-up study aims to See: sensitive statistical picture of people further expand the evidence base. www.lankellychase.org.uk/ who experience severe and multiple In particular, the current study multiple-disadvantage/ will provide: publications/hard-edges/ combination of at least three of the following problems: homelessness, 1. New evidence on a slightly substance misuse, poor mental health and being a victim of abuse disadvantages than in the or violence. It will look at the most original Hard Edges study; suitable data sources currently available, including four general 2. Will provide insights as to household surveys and four whether services for SMD service/administrative datasets. Similarly to the predecessor study, to services for SMD men. the Funder to lobby policy-makers for changing the way in which Having more evidence in this area services for people with SMD are organised and funded. The study’s makers and managers of public and Funder has been a strong promoter third-sector organisations delivering of a holistic response to SMD (in support to people with SMD, such terms of the coordination of support as the NHS. hindered by the lack of quantitative evidence showing that the SMD group is substantial in numbers. The original ‘Hard Edges’ project has been a major contributor to changing this situation. 65
esa lead: Glen Bramley Heriot-Watt University WITH: Chris Leishman Paul Cosgrove Francesca Albanese funding: £40,000 Crisis Homelessness YEAR: 2017 Projections
143,000 households were experiencing core homelessness in England in 2016, up 45% in 5 years. These numbers are likely to increase further in the future.
The project entails developing ‘wider homelessness’, measuring the scale of the components of these phenomena for England, Wales and Scotland, and developing a forecasting model to make conditions forecasts of future trajectories of homelessness across the UK, building on an earlier ‘policy modelling’ project undertaken with Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Project is ongoing but has been presented at major national conference marking 50th anniversary of CRISIS, sharing platform with government ministers etc. 66
esa lead: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Beth Watts Hal Pawson Steve Wilcox Jenny Wood funding: £741,107 Crisis Monitoring the Impact YEAR: 2011 – 2021 of Homelessness
Providing an analysis of the homelessness impact.
The homelessness monitor is a Related outputs: Fitzpatrick, S. & Pawson, H. (2016) longitudinal study, providing an ‘Fifty Years Since Cathy Come analysis of the homelessness Luchenski, S., Maguire, N., impacts of recent economic and Aldridge, R., Hayward, A., UK Homelessness Safety Net’, policy developments in the UK. Story, A., Perri, P., Withers, J., International Journal of Housing Clint, S., Fitzpatrick. S. & Hewett, Policy, 16:4, pp. 543-55, N. (forthcoming) ‘What Works DOI: 10.1080/14616718.2016.1230962 in Inclusion Health: Overview Marginalised and Excluded Populations’, The Lancet.
Fitzpatrick, S., Pawson, H., Bramley, G., Wilcox, S., Watts, B. (2016) ‘The Homelessness Monitor: England’, London: Crisis.
Bramley, G. (2016) ‘Housing need outcomes in England through changing times: demographic, market and policy drivers of change’, Housing Studies 31:3, 243-268.
Bramley, G. & Fitzpatrick, S. (2017) ‘Homelessness in the UK: Who is Most at Risk?’, Housing Studies, DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2017.1344957 67
esa lead: Sarah Johnsen Heriot-Watt University WITH: Fiona Cuthill Janice Blenkinsopp funding: £33,821 NHS YEAR: 2017 – 2018 Qualitative Pilot Evaluation of Pharmacist Input into Clinical Care Of Homeless People
Evaluation of dedicated (prescribing) pharmacist input into the healthcare of homeless people.
This qualitative study will assess The information gained will be homeless people’s perceptions and used to improve user uptake and personal experiences of dedicated clinical (prescribing) pharmacist service itself, as well as to maximise input into their clinical care. the proposed RCT’s relevance, It will focus on the delivery of recruitment and retention. services to homeless people who are recruited to the service via specialist homelessness health centres, in hostels, and via street outreach.The study will also seek homeless people’s views regarding the outcomes that should be assessed and means of recruitment employed in a proposed Randomised Control Trial (RCT) which will measure the a larger scale. 68
esa lead: John Brennan University of Edinburgh WITH: Stephanie Crane Ronald Boydell Creative Coathanger, Galashiels YEAR: 2016 – Resilient Borders Project
Using speculative design proposals in community consultations to propose sustainable infrastructures for our towns.
Resilent Borders is about Community workshops asked It is designed to inform and empowering communities to participants to look at all the work, propose and communicate rate the projects to a series of and development processes ambitious development plans at sustainable metrics, and ultimately for the town. the scale of the town. The project agree on a series of themes. was based on the premise of putting Outputs included a public together an ambitious plan for embedded these themes in the town exhibition of the work and the Galashiels in 2040 following the as a series of ambitious and preparation of a project toolkit far-reaching proposals. These were circulated throughout the Borders Railway. region [October 2016]. Further town can be 25 years in the future. outputs in the form of peer As a starting point, the project In this we adapted techniques such reviewed articles are in preparation utilises work completed by as appreciative enquiry to provide that chart how academic – postgraduate design students in a a series of narrative that is then educational – community series of workshops that provoke translated into an array of spatial partnerships can be sequenced and encourage communities to infrastructures. think about themselves in a spatial all parties. and infrastructural way. The project The project is important because methodology helps stakeholders to it lifts expectations of what a understand their own settlements sustainable town might be. as networks of energy, resource and Resilient Borders provides the communication. means to a vision and ambitious blueprint for sustainable development. 69
John Brennan, Resilient Borders. Photograph: Stephanie Crane. 70
esa lead: Beth Watts Heriot-Watt University WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp George Drennan-Lang funding: £16,287 The Scottish Government via the European Social Fund’s Social Innovation Fund Supported Lodgings Pilot YEAR: 2017
Youth homelessness has historically been addressed via congregate hostel-type supported accommodation. This can hinder young people’s capacity to address their support needs, maintain healthy lifestyles, and/ or develop independent living skills.
The high costs of these models This project aims to explore the I-SPHERE researchers will work are known to dis-incentivise potential opportunities and closely with Shelter Scotland to: engagement in paid work. challenges associated with pursuing review the international evidence In this context, there is strong sector such an approach ‘at scale’ for base on ‘community hosting’ support for developing a spectrum young people experiencing or at models; understand the success and of ‘community hosting’ models for risk of homelessness in Scotland. challenges of existing Supported this group. Such models involve The study is particularly well timed Lodging schemes in the UK; young people living with private explore the feasibility of pursuing host households, with support to temporary accommodation and Supported Lodging schemes in the host and young person provided other homelessness provision, and Scotland, from a business and by a specialist organisation. which combined with housing and by investigating the attitudes Existing services in this area in market pressures have made it and perspectives of potential ‘host Scotland are limited: a small households’ and young people in number of emergency ‘Nightstop’ young people to access and existing forms of homelessness schemes have recently been maintain appropriate accommodation to such models. established and longer term accommodation. ‘Supported Lodgings’ models are used in some areas for care leavers , but longer-term community hosting models targeting the broader youth homeless population do not currently exist. 71
esa lead: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Sarah Johnsen Chris Leishman Mark Stephens Beth Watts Filip Sosenko funding: £466,773 Supporting Oak’s Evaluation and The Oak Foundation Research on Homelessness YEAR: 2017 – 2020
The project supports the development of a stream of early career researchers equipped to undertake high-quality, policy and practice-applied research on homelessness, via establishing and managing a bespoke Oak Foundation internship scheme.
It also provides expert advice and support on the research and evaluation elements of Oak’s homelessness and related projects, directly to organisations holding grants from Oak. 72
esa lead: Sarah Johnsen Heriot-Watt University WITH: George Drennan-Lang funding: £16,274 The Scottish Government via the European Social Fund’s Social Innovation YEAR: 2017 Time for Change
Evaluation of an innovative peer mentor project assisting homeless people with multiple and complex needs.
Shelter Scotland’s ‘Time for Change’ They will aim to ensure that project, based in Dundee, will support is relevant, improve choice establish and train a network and control, and help those of volunteer peer mentors with involved develop skills and lived experience of multiple and resilience. Using qualitative complex needs. The peer mentors methods, a team based at I-SPHERE will assist homeless people will evaluate the impact of the experiencing severe and multiple project on both peer volunteers disadvantage to access and and those helped, in order to assess maintain engagement with support services relevant to their needs. mechanism for sustainable change within the homelessness sector. 73
esa lead: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Peter Dwyer Del Roy Fletcher John Flint Sarah Johnsen Sharon Wright Elaine Batty Janice Blenkinsopp Welfare Conditionality: Katy Jones Jenny McNeill Sanctions, Support and Lisa Scullion Alasdair Stewart Behaviour Change Beth Watts funding: £630,558 ESRC YEAR: 2013 – 2018
of welfare conditionality.
The use of conditional welfare Related outputs: arrangements that combine elements of sanction and support Watts, B., Fitzpatrick, S. & Johnsen, is an established element within S. (2017) ‘Controlling Homeless welfare, housing, criminal justice people? Power, Interventionism and immigration systems. and Legitimacy’, Journal of Social Policy, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.1017/ S0047279417000289 creates a collaborative, international and interdisciplinary focal point for Fitzpatrick, S. & Watts, B. (2017) social science research on welfare ‘Competing Visions: Security conditionality by exploring of Tenure and the Welfarisation of English Social Housing’, conditionality across a range Housing Studies,. pp. 1-18 groups of welfare service users. Johnsen, S., Watts, B. & Fitzpatrick, S. (2016) First Wave Findings: Heriot-Watt is leading on three Homelessness (University of of the total nine ‘strands’ of work, York, York). including assessments of the impacts of sanction and support Watts, B., Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, on homeless people, lone parents, G. & Watkins, D. (2014) Welfare and social housing tenants. Sanctions and Conditionality in the UK, York: JRF. CHAPTER 08
Housing and Property – Planning, Design and Market Operation
08 75
esa lead: Ryan Woolrych Heriot-Watt University WITH: Judith Sixsmith Mei Lan Fang funding: Vancouver Foundation YEAR: 2014 – 2017
Developing Affordable Housing in Urban Environments for Older People
of older adults living in urban environments.
(iii) to involve older people and Related outputs: housing in urban environments is other community members as needed to support low income, active ‘place-makers’ in community Lan Fang, M., Woolrych, R., vulnerable seniors. Solutions and planning and development. The Sixsmith, A., Canham, S. (2016) strategies must involve tenants project developed a set of guidelines ‘Place-Making with Older Persons: in their design, maintenance and for how to integrate sense of place Establishing Sense-of-Place through sustainability. The research explored Participatory Community Mapping housing transitions of older adults for older adults. Workshops’, Social Science and who were relocated from subsidised Medicine, 168, pp. 223-28 housing in Richmond, British Place-Making with Seniors Research Columbia, Canada. 25 interviews, Team (2014) ‘Our Place, Our Space: 6 participatory mapping workshops Resident Stories and Place and16 photo-voice sessions were Priorities’, Gerontology Research conducted to understand how: Centre, Simon Fraser University. Available at: (i) sense-of-place is experienced www.gvss.ca/PDF-2014/Sense%20 by older people relocating into an of%20Place%20English.pdf
(ii) lived experiences can be translated into formal and informal supports; and 76
esa lead: Colin Jones Heriot-Watt University WITH: Neil Dunse Nicola Livingstone Kevin Cutsforth Edward Trevillion Funding: Investment Property Forum Dynamics of Commercial YEAR: 2014 – Property Cycles
This is a longstanding project/research interest examining the anatomy of commercial property cycles.
The research has looked at the Related outputs: Jones C., Cowe S. and Trevillion E. changing relationship between rents (2017) Property Boom and Banking and capital values through a cycle, Jones C., Dunse N. and Cutsforth K. Bust, Chichester: Wiley. the associated variation in market (2015) ‘The Changing Relationships transaction activity and the Between Government Bond Yields Jones C. (2017) ‘A Historical and Capitalisation Rates: Evidence Evolutionary and Cyclical funds and bank lending. from the UK, USA and Australia’, Perspective on Models of Journal of European Real Estate Development Finance’, in Bank lending for investment and Research, Vol 8, No 2, pp. 153-71. E. Heurkins, R. Peiser, and development through a cycle is G. Squires (eds) Routledge considered. The impact of the Oyedokun, T., Jones C. and Dunse Companion to Real Estate N. (2015) ‘The Growth of the Green Development, Abingdon: Routledge, development has been assessed. Journal of It has also examined the changing European Real Estate Research, Vol 8, relationships between the yields on No 3, pp. 267-84. government bonds and commercial property yields. This particular Jones C., Livingstone N. and Dunse research was funded by the N. (2016) ‘The Changing Nature of Investment Property Forum. Transactions Activity and Liquidity The research has focused primarily in UK Commercial Property: on the UK but has taken a global perspective, examining the International Journal of Strategic experience of Australia, Europe Property Management, Vol 20 No 4, and the USA. pp. 384-96.
Jones C., Livingstone N., Dunse N. and Cutsforth K. (2017) ‘The Restructuring of the Institutional Real Estate Portfolio in the UK’, Journal of Property Research, published online. 77
BY: Colin Jones Heriot-Watt University WITH: Nicola Livingstone YEAR: 2013 –
Evolution of the Urban Retail Centre Hierarchy: Urban retail change
Over the last thirty years or so a new dispersed sub-regional urban system has emerged in many developed countries.
Key accessibility relationships have Related Outputs: been transformed inevitably leading to a ‘rationalisation’ of the national Jones C. (2014) ‘Land Use Planning and local retail hierarchies. Policies and Market Forces: Utopian Aspirations Thwarted?’, Land Use Out of town centres and retail parks Policy, Vol 38, No 5, pp. 573-79. together with superstores have become common features of the Jones C. and Livingstone N (2015) urban landscape. Some of the long ‘Emerging Implications of Online term culminations of these trends Retailing for Real Estate: Twenty- have been stressed in a series of First Century Clicks and Bricks’, well publicised reports, notably Journal of Corporate Real Estate, The Portas Review. This research Vol 7, No 3, pp. 226-39. seeks to assess the underlying economics and quantify the Jones C. (2016) ‘Spatial Economy changing form of retail hierarchies, and the Geography of Functional including the consequences for rent Economic Areas’, Environment and patterns and the spatial pattern of Planning B, published online. shops. In particular the impact of online sales and the role of planning Jones C., Al-Shaheen Q. and Dunse has been examined. N. (2016) ‘Anatomy of Successful High Street Shopping Centre’, Journal of Urban Design, Vol 21, No 4, pp. 495-511 78
esa lead: John Brennan University of Edinburgh WITH: Stephanie Crane The Saltire Society FUNDING: £10,000 Scottish Government YEAR: 2017 – OUT OF TOWN
A collaboration with the Saltire Society to record rural housing.
Landscape Relations The project will help mark the the best in rural housing design The rural landscape is often Society’s Housing Awards makes a vital contribution to untouchable for development, anniversary. The work will be cultural, social and economic life in even if to sustain and nurture launched as a digital publication Scotland as series of rural housing communities. Many successful and website towards the end of studies drawn from recipients of rural housing projects have an 2017. We wish to secure a print the Saltire Award for Housing. publication of the work. relationship with their host Our themes include: landscape. The research builds a comprehensive resource to illustrate Local Production the regenerative potential of good Distinctive procurement methods housing design in the countryside John Brennan, Out of Town. such as self-build and housing to include: Credit: Stephanie Crane. co-operatives devolve power and resources to a local level. How • Record drawings to a common can housing contribute to rural template and format economies and societies? These homes are often resources of art, • Interviews with architect/ literature and performance that occupiers around them. • A photographic survey of the building. Ecological Response Many homes are exemplars to use • A publications and media resources sparingly and live a life bibliography. infrastructure. They push • A text for each project boundaries exactly because of the challenges and opportunities that their contexts bring. 79
esa lead: James Morgan Heriot-Watt University WITH: Glen Bramley Three Dragons Consultants Funding: RTPI South West Region HW share £6,000 YEAR: 2016 – Research into the Delivery and Affordability of Housing
Analysis of quantitative datasets and qualitative/ quantitative case studies to learn lessons for delivery of England.
In the context of national problems It also investigated six case studies Related outputs: of large scale developments in the delivery, the study examines the South West. Report (July 2017) and presentations to RTPI. of England, including low wages, The study found a range of high house prices and popularity of approaches to delivery of large scale second homes. The study seeks to development around a basic model. enable planners and others to get It highlighted the importance a better idea of what has been of securing external funding happening to housing delivery and house prices in the South West with housing. It also discussed the an aim of increasing understanding skills and approaches necessary about the ways in which the for delivery and the availability housing market is changing and of alternative delivery models. to assist in the adoption of more appropriate approaches in the delivery of housing that is
The research analysed a range of data sources to track issues of the South West, in comparison with other parts of England and the country as a whole. 80
BY: Mark Stephens Heriot-Watt University WITH: Paul Cosgrove funding: CIH YEAR: 2016 –
UK Housing Review
Compilation of annual review of housing policy and markets in the UK, including commentaries and extensive set of statistical tables; as well
The UK Housing Review celebrated It contains more than 100 statistical its 25th edition in 2017. The Review tables drawn from a wide variety of has become an authoritative record government and non-government and analysis of housing policy and sources. markets in the UK, assessing a wide range of policies and housing outcomes, including Right to Buy, usually in the summer. The Review housing in devolved nations, was founded and led by Steve Wilcox until 2017, when Mark reform as well as contextual Stephens assumes this role. chapters on issues such as the economy and public spending. 81
esa lead: Mark Stephens Heriot-Watt University WITH: James Morgan Mandy Littlewood Peter Williams Steve Wilcox funding: £38,365 Welsh Government Welsh Government YEAR: 2017 Rent Setting Review
The project will evaluate the policy to restructure
Following the Essex Review of This project reviews the progress social housing in Wales, the and experience of landlords to date Welsh Government adopted its through a scoping review, survey of recommendations to review rent all social landlords and case studies. policy in the social rented sector It will examine the perceived which was subject to anomalies fairness of the new system and its between social landlords and impact on the capacity of social standard was adopted and the 2014 housing. Potential reforms will also Housing (Wales) Act required social be modelled. landlords to set average rents within band limits. CHAPTER 09
Project Management and Construction Technology
09 83
esa lead: Remo Pedreschi University of Edinburgh WITH: John Orr Alan Chandler Daniel Lee Hedda Bjordal Keith Milne Lindy Richardson Gabriel Tang Further Studies in Julie Soden Pete Walker Flexible Formwork Funding: £6,000 RTPI South West Region for Concrete HW share £6,000
production processes of concrete and other materials.
Concrete has been described as workshops. Since then further Very little information exists on the a material without history. studies have been undertaken behaviour non-prismatic columns Without the crafts associated including various live projects such in concrete, most probably due the with metalwork, carpentry or as the Fenchurch Garden at the RHS complexity of construction using stonemasonry, but reliant on Chelsea in 2009 and more recently conventional rigid formwork. elements of each of these. A forlorn the installation of panels and Flexible systems are simple to mongrel that now dominates much landscape elements at Edinburgh construct. Over 80 structural tests of the built environment. Sometimes Gateway in 2016. on varying geometries of column seen as a process rather than a and results show that relatively material itself. Its character and Current research includes: subtle changes in shape can expression conditioned by the experiments in the use of cement carpenter using rigid timber to replacement, GGBS and PFA in It is possible to optimize geometry conjunction with fabric texture and to improve performance whilst permeability for contrasting tonal simplifying construction process. variation; a series of workshops the existing paradigm initially seen in exploring construction process Related publications: as counter intuitive in comparison in practice: in Austria with DOKA with conventional rigid systems. GMBH, comparing with rigid Hawkins, W., Herrman, M., It is a disruptive technology that is systems, in Switzerland with Kromoser, B., Michaelski, A., now gaining traction in mainstream Creabeton Materiuax AG on the Pedreschi, R. & Ibell, T. (2016) practice. ESALA has been involved ‘Flexible Formwork Technologies in architectural elements and – a State of the Art Review’, in concrete for over 12 years and has introductory workshop into fabric Structural Concrete. 17, 6, pp. 911-35 forming techniques in conjunction exploring: construction process, with the Royal Danish Academy Pedreschi, R. & Lee, D. (2014) complexity of form, precision and at South East University, Nanjing, ‘Structure, Form and Construction: material behaviour through a series China; the completion of a doctoral Fabric Formwork for Concrete’, of research led workshops with study into the use of grid-shells ACROSS: Architectural Research architecture and design students. as re-deployable formwork; through to Practice, eds F Madeo the culmination of an extended and M A Schnabel, pp. 99-110. in conjunction with University of study into the behaviour of non- East London was based on these prismatic columns. 84
BY: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University YEAR: 2008 –
Scan-vs-BIM
Using Building Information Models to smartly process point cloud data produced by modern reality capture technology.
Related outputs: to integrate novel reality capture technology like terrestrial laser Bosché F., Guenet E. (2014) scanning with Building Information Modelling to speed up the using terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the point cloud building information models’, data produced by the former. Automation in Construction, Vol. 44, pp. 212-26. The goal is: by aligning the 3D point cloud data with the Building Bosché F., Guillemet A., Turkan Y., Information Model, the geometric Haas C.T., Haas R. (2014) ‘Tracking and semantic information of the the built status of MEP works: model can be used to smartly Assessing the value of a Scan-vs- interpret the data. This technique BIM system’, ASCE Journal of has been shown to have potential Computing in Civil Engineering, to objectively track construction Vol. 28, pp. 1-28, 08014001. progress, and more interestingly to robustly and automatically conduct Turkan Y., Bosché F., Haas C.T., dimensional quality control. Haas R. (2013) ‘Towards automated Earned Value tracking using 3D Imaging Tools’, ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 139(4), pp. 423-33.
Bosché F., Haas C.T. (2008) ‘Automated retrieval of 3D CAD model objects in construction range images’, Automation in Construction, Vol. 17(4), pp. 499-512. 85
BY: Gillian Menzies Heriot-Watt University WITH: Pilar Perez del Real Funding: EPSRC DTP Doctoral Training Programme YEAR: 2016 – 2019
Social-LCA of Construction Materials: Towards a More Holistic Sustainable Architecture
Social Life Cycle Assessment methodology for the construction industry.
The main aim of this PhD research With this objective, the research is to support the practical will also develop an S-LCA model, implementation of the social impact based in the UNEP/SETAC assessment in the construction framework proposed in the industry in order to improve the “Guidelines for social life cycle social performance of architectural assessment of products” that will be projects. This research will look focused in the social performance of closely to the Environmental construction materials. This double Product Declaration (EPD) system action will boost the understanding that, in environmental terms, is of the social repercussions of the helping the construction industry construction industry, will raise to communicate transparent and awareness about the social impacts comparable information about linked to this sector and will help their products in order to propose with the practical and methodical a similar declaration in social terms. implementation of social considerations in the construction industry by providing useful information to the design teams and to policy makers. CHAPTER 10
Environmental Sustainability and Low Carbon
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esa lead: Fionn MacKillop Heriot-Watt University WITH: Fan Wang Paul Cosgrove PGT Student Funding: £5,000 YEAR: 2017 – Assessing the Effectiveness of Kyle of Sutherland’s Cosy Homes East Sutherland Scheme (CHESS)
Assessing the validity of fuel poverty-related data collected by a social enterprise partner, and suggestions to improve their work.
The Kyle of Sutherland Due to problems with the data development trust, a social collection methodology and the enterprise in the Highland and small scale of data collection Islands region of Scotland, has (as well as other factors), we been collecting data on its approach were only able to produce to reducing/mitigating fuel poverty limited results. in an area where this problem is widespread (up to 80% of the We also came up with population in some sectors). recommendations to KoS in order to improve data collection and We were hired via Interface to methods in the future, and are assess the statistical robustness of currently applying for another data collected on fuel poverty and grant to advance this. health/wellbeing outcomes for the population in relation to measures implemented to combat fuel poverty by the organisation. 88
esa lead: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University WITH: Andrew Peacock David Flynn Valentin Robu Phil Taylor Edinburgh, Durham and Sussex Universities FUNDING: £5,000,000 EPSRC CESI: National Centre £15,000,000 Industry for Energy Systems YEAR: 2016 – Integration
Modelling and understanding UK energy systems for future scenarios.
An ‘energy system’ is a network Heriot-Watt will be focussing on comprising energy demand, Energy Demand, particularly that distribution/infrastructure and from the built environment. This energy supply. Across such a will include understanding how the energy characteristics of buildings terminologies, metrics and models can be upscaled to that of communities of buildings. robust design. CESI is looking at applying a ‘system of systems’ models together (informed by real data and case-studies), such that genuinely low-carbon and resilient systems can be created within a context of future change. 89
BY: Mehreen Gul Heriot-Watt University WITH: Luke Gooding YEAR: 2013 –
Energy Efficiency Retrofitting Services (EERS) sector characteristics and routes to increased activity
Breaking down barriers to achieve UK domestic
Related Outputs: improvements within the existing expansion is most successful housing stock is a key area in which if policies are designed more Gooding, L. and Gul, M. S. (2017) governments have attempted to holistically; UK policies show ‘Achieving growth within the increase rates of activity to boost strategies which focus on simply carbon reduction and end user cost the property and not the occupants savings. The most recent UK policy, have their disadvantages. Therefore, practitioner experiences and the Green Deal, was a pay as you a move away from marginal strategies moving forward’, Energy save scheme, linking the capital cost Policy, vol 105C, pp. 173-82. of improvements to ongoing energy Green Deal’s loan structure, to a bill payments. The success of this wider consideration of how policy Gooding, L. and Gul, M. S. (2016) policy was limited, with minimal tools interact with supply chains uptake in comparison to and end users, would enable services supply chains: A review expectations. This research increased impact. of evolving demands from housing investigates the viewpoints of policy’, Energy Strategy Reviews, 11, pp. 29-40. assess their experiences of working under the Green Deal, and evaluate what pathways could be available to move forward into the future. UK and German based individuals interviews were used to compare experiences, along with UK group interviews and focus groups to theory approach, to illuminate possible future strategies for 90
esa lead: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University WITH: Eddie Owens Andrew Peacock FUNDING: £126,000 Innovate UK / EPSRC YEAR: 2017 – Smart Control of Rural Renewable Energy and Storage (SCORRES)
Making better use of renewable electricity in Indian rural areas through an understanding of supply and demand.
This project will demonstrate the See: www.ncl.ac.uk/cesi/ strategies in distressed grids in developing nations. It will use energy storage in the form of batteries and demand scheduling to improve energy security and to reduce curtailment of renewable generation.
The project will develop research that has been demonstrated in a European context and prove its value in the context of developing nations. It will address the challenges of providing rural communities in developing nations with access to reliable, clean, where the electricity provided via the grid is unavailable or unreliable 91
esa lead: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University WITH: Eddie Owens Andrew Peacock FUNDING: £40,000 EPSRC / IAA YEAR: 2016 – Smart Energy Systems in Developing Countries
Characterising supply and demand mis-matches in India.
A series of workshop were carried out in India to understand the concerns of householders, policy- makers and local government towards energy use in the built environment, and the use of available renewable electricity to help alleviate these concerns. 92
BY: Mehreen Gul Heriot-Watt University WITH: Yash Kotak YEAR: 2014 –
Solar PV Generation Enhancement Using Radiation Augmentation from Improved Reflectance Horizons
Impact of ground albedo on the performance of PV Systems.
The total incident irradiation on To investigate the impact of such Related Outputs: a surface such as a photovoltaic factors, an experiment was setup to (PV) module is the sum of beam, measure the albedo of conventional Muneer, T. & S. Ivanova, Y. Kotak, foreground materials (grass, sand M. Gul (2015) ‘Finite-element radiation. Ground albedo or ground and cement) and non-conventional view-factor computations for materials (white pebbles, white radiant energy exchanges’, Journal paint, white tiles and aluminium of Renewable and Sustainable Energy radiation and the global incident foil). Research has shown that 7 (3), 033108, pp. 1-20. radiation. A constant albedo value non-conventional materials, of 0.2 for bare ground and 0.5 for increased the slope irradiation and Ivanova, S.M. (2015) ‘Investigating dry tropical localities is widely ultimately the energy generation the Impact of Ground Albedo on accepted and is used in the of PV modules. the Performance of PV Systems’, modelling of PV systems. Proceedings of CIBSE Technical These results were validated using Symposium, London, UK, pp. 16-17. The real albedo values of the long-term data from the Garston and Edinburgh database. A new and hence using a constant value computational tool was developed, may be unsuitable to accurately which considers various albedo predict the output of PV systems. values of foreground materials This research investigated the real simultaneously for any tilt angle albedo values of various foreground of a PV module to compute the the factors such as ageing, solar altitude, rain and cloud cover (sky conditions). 93
BY: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University WITH: Sandhya Patidar FUNDING: £7,000 YEAR: 2016 –
Stochastic Modelling of Energy Demand in Findhorn Eco-Village
Statistical aggregation of high temporal precision electrical demand datasets of dwellings.
High resolution electrical demand activities in buildings, that correlate with behaviour, heating technology and construction. However, to understand energy demand at a regional or national level, it is necessary to convert this spatial and temporal scale.
Through statistical aggregation procedures, this project takes individual building data from Findhorn Eco-village and that can be aggregated to, for example, a sub-station level for a community of buildings. This is also validated against real sub-station electrical data to check the success of the method. 94
esa lead: Gillian Menzies Heriot-Watt University WITH: Sahar Mirzaie Andrew Brown Funding: ETP funding via Arup, Max Fordham, Gardiner & Theobald YEAR: 2015 – 2018 Whole Life Carbon and Energy Performance of Sustainable Building Design
Analysis of current building systems’ ability to produce truly low carbon, sustainable buildings.
Low energy/low emissions These developments will be Related outputs: buildings are vital in an economy delivered using BIM and SL, and which is to thrive despite tightening will be designed to meet BREEAM Menzies, G. (2016) ‘Integration emissions targets, fossil fuel Very Good or Excellent criteria, of Life Cycle Assessment Tools depletion and a more challenging providing a rich source of data in the Design Process of Low- climate. This research project aims to test the aims and hypothesis Carbon Buildings’, CIBSE Technical to evaluate the whole life energy of this proposed research. Symposium, Edinburgh 15 April, and carbon performance of 2016. buildings procured and delivered The relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide Establishment Environmental (CO2) emissions, building design, Assessment Method (BREEAM) cost, procurement, occupant targets; delivered using the Soft satisfaction, building performance Landings (SL) framework; and and management will be analysed using Building Information to establish the reliability of Modelling (BIM) tools. BREEAM, SL and BIM in delivering low energy/low emissions, The Riccarton campus at Heriot sustainable buildings. Watt University is undergoing unprecedented change with the construction of three new large developments. These include: Student Residences 2016; the Centre for Earth and Marine Technology (CEMT); and the National Performance Centre for Sport (NPCS). INDEX
11 96 INDEX
A K ANTONOPOULOU, Katerina ...... 8, 13 KAMINER, Tahl ...... 31, 50
B M BLENKINSOPP, Janice ...... 60, 67, 70, 73 MACKILLOP, Fionn ...... 85 BONET MIRO, Ana ...... 34 MAKITA, Meiko ...... 24 BOSCHÉ, Frédéric ...... 16, 17, 19, MCLACHLAN, Fiona ...... 48, 53 ...... 36, 82 MEDERO, Gabriela ...... 31 BOYD WHYTE, Iain ...... 35, 49 MENZIES, Gillian ...... 20, 83, 92 BRAMLEY, Glen ...... 60, 61, 62, 64, MOFFIT, Lisa ...... 10 ...... 66, 71, 79 MORGAN, James ...... 77, 81 BRENNAN, John ...... 67, 76 O
C OWENS, Eddie ...... 90, 91 CAMPBELL, Ian ...... 43 COSGROVE, Paul ...... 60, 65, 87 P PAREDES, Miguel ...... 15, 55 COUSINS, Mark ...... 46 PATIDAR, Sandhya ...... 93 COYNE, Richard ...... 14, 23 PAYNE, Sarah ...... 21
D PEACOCK, Andrew ...... 88, 90, 91 DORRIAN, Mark ...... 8, 47, 49, 51, ...... 52 PEDRESCHI, Remo ...... 81 DUNSE, Neil ...... 76 R ROSS, Liam ...... 54 E EWING, Suzanne ...... 56, 57 S SCOTT, Ian ...... 23 F FAIR, Alistair ...... 39, 44 SMITH, Harry ...... 24, 29, 30, 32 FITZPATRICK, Suzanne ...... 59, 60, 61, SOSENKO, Filip ...... 60, 61, 62, ...... 63, 65, 69, 71 ...... 63, 71 FORSTER, Alan ...... 37 STEPHENS, Mark ...... 71, 78, 79
G STEWART, Margaret ...... 37 GARCIA-FERRARI, Soledad ...... 28, 31, 33 T GLENDINNING, Miles ...... 38, 41, 42 TORRES CAMPOS, Tiago ...... 29 GUL, Mehreen ...... 87, 90 TRAVLOU, Penny ...... 29 H TREVILLION, Edward ...... 76 HAWKER, Adrian ...... 8 V J VALERO, Enrique ...... 17, 19, 37 JENKINS, David ...... 86, 88, 89, 91 W JOHNSEN, Sarah ...... 60, 62, 64, 66, WANG, Fan ...... 87 ...... 70, 71, 73 WARD THOMPSON, Catharine ...... 23, 26 JONES, Colin ...... 74, 75 WATTS, Beth ...... 60, 66, 68, 71, L ...... 73 LEISHMAN, Chris ...... 65, 71 WOOD, Jenny ...... 61, 63, 66 WOOLRYCH, Ryan ...... 24, 29, 73
The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) Research Projects 2017