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THE BURNS FEDERATION KILMARNOCK

1958 PRINTRD BY WILLIAH HODGE AND COMPANY LTD GLASGOW AND EDINBURGH LIST OF CONTENTS

PAGE Lesley Baillie, by John McVie 1 The Literary Art of Robert Burns, by James Colville, M.A., D.Sc. 3 John Walter Oliver, M.A., D.Litt., F.E.I.S., by Jane Burgoyne 29 Book Review 32 Scots Poets of To-day: A. V. Stuart, by Marion Lochhead 33 £580 for Kilmarnock Edition 40 The Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton - 41 The Three Roberts, by William L. Morren - 43 Children and the Auld Scots Tongue, by L. M. Stirling 58 A Burns Dinner at Sea 61 Burns and Glasgow, by George C. Emslie - 62 Burns and New Zealand, by William Brown 69 Bi-centenary Poetry Competition 73 Scottish Literature Competitions, by Fred. J. Belford 74 The Burns Federation- (a) List of Hon. Presidents, Hon. Vice-Presidents, Executive Committee, Office-bearers and (District Representatives), Sub-Committees and Auditors 75 (b) Constitution and Rules 78 (c) List of Districts 82 (d) List of Past Presidents 90 (e) List of Places at which the Annual Conference has been held - 90 LIST OF CONTENTS (Continuetf) PAGE (f) Minutes of the Annual Conference, 1956: incor- porating the Hon. Secretary's Annual Report - 91 (g) Annual Reports- (1) Financial Statement 110 (2) School Competitions 116 (3) Burns Chronicle 120 (h) Burns Club Notes 121 (t) Numerical List of Clubs on the Roll - 166 (k) Alphabetical List of Clubs on the Roll 195 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE J. B. Hardie, Esq., F.I.A.C., M.I.M.I., F.S.A.(Scot.), President, Burns Federation frontispiece A. V. Stuart - facing page 48 Facsimile Copy of "Bonnie Lesley" insert Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton - - facing page 49 EDITORIAL NOTE

The Burns Federation does not accept responsibility for statements made or opinions expressed in the Burns Chronicle. Wrjters are responsible for articles signed by them; the Editor undertakes responsibility for all unsigned matter. Manuscripts for publication should be addressed to the Editor and each must be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. The Editor cannot accept responsibility for loss or damage.

JAMES VEITCH. 8 GEORGE STREET, PEEBLES.

J. B. HARDIE, EsQ., F.l.A.C., M.l.M.I., F.S.A.(Scot.) President, Burns Federation LESLEY BAILLIE By JOHN McVIE Lesley Baillie, whom Burns called "the most beautiful elegant woman in the world," was the fourth child of Robert Baillie of Mayfield (or Mayvail), Stevenston, Ayrshire, and his wife May Reid. They had a family of six and, as recorded on the Memorial Pillar in Glencairn Street, Stevenston, Ayrshire, Lesley was born on 6th March, 1768. She married Robert Cumming of Logie, Morayshire, on 9th June, 1799, and died at Edinburgh on 12th July, 1843. They had a family of six, the eldest being Alexander, whose birth and baptism are recorded thus : - "Alexander Cumming eldest lawful son of Robert Cumming of Logie, County of Moray and of Leslie Baillie alias Cumming his wife, second daughter of Robert Baillie Esqr of Mayville in this Parish of Stevenstoun, Shire of Ayr, was born at Mayville the 14th day of April, [1800] and was christened the 2nd day of May thereafter. He was named Alexr· for his grandfather Alexander Cumming of Logie, Alexander Penrose Cumming Gordon of Altyre and Gardenston his Cousin and Chief, and Alexander Cunninghame Esqr Collector of the Customs at Irvine his Uncle in Law." Their third son, George (a twin born on 27th July, 1802, married Mary Smith (or Smyth). Their son, George Peter Cumming, born at Madras, 1841 (or 1842), married Jeannie Marshall Cobban at Portobello on 2lst November, 1871. Their son, Alexander George Gordon Cumming, born at Gar­ mouth on 17th August, 1872, died at Portobello on 22nd May, 1955. Among the effects of Alexander George Gordon Cumming, Lesley Baillie's great grandson, was an edition in four volumes of the Works of Burns published by William Paterson, Edin­ burgh, in 1877. Inserted in Vol. III, which had the Book Plate of Captain Sir Mansfield Cumming, Royal Navy, was the song "Lesley Baillie" in Burns's handwriting-no doubt the copy Burns sent to her. A note on the fly leaf of the same volume says : "I bequeath this vol. and the 3 other vols.... to my dear friend niece May Cumming of Logie (now Mrs. Mansfield Smith

A 2 LESLEY BAILLIE

Cumming). It contains •.. 2 ballads composed by Robert Burns on my mother. The one 'Oh saw ye Bonie Lesley' is in his own handwriting and was composed by him after riding alongside the carriage of Lesley and her mother on the way to Harrogate ..." The signature is illegible. Burns, however, in his letter to Mrs. Dunlop of 22nd August, 1792, makes no reference to Lesley's mother when he met "the other day with Miss Lesley Baillie, your neighbour at Mayfield-Mr. Baillie and his two daughters, accompanied by a Mr. Hamilton of Grange, passing through Dumfries a few day ago, on their way to England, did me the honour of call­ ing on me, on which I took my horse (tho' God knows I could ill spare the time) & convoyed them fourteen or fifteen miles & dined & spent the day with them.-'Twas about nine, I think, when I left them : & riding home I composed the following ballad, of which you will probably think you have a dear bargain, as it will cost you another groat of postage.­ You must know that there is an old ballad, beginning with 'My bonie Lizie Bailie, I'll rowe thee in my plaidie, &c.'- so I parodied it as follows, which is literally the first copy 'unanointed, unannealed' as Hamlet says : - 'The bonie Lesley Bailie,' &c., &c.''

There is no record of how or when Burns gave Lesley Baillie her copy of the song. In the following year, in May, 1793, he wrote to her enclosing a song "finished in my very best style,'' but it was the other one he composed on her­ Blythe hae I been on yon hill. Burns had met the Baillie family before they called on him at Dumfries in 1792. He says so in his letter to George Lockhart, Merchant, Glasgow, dated Maucbline, July 18th, 1788 : "The Miss Baillie I have seen in Edinr. . . . one day I had the honor of dining at Mr. Bailie's, I was almost in the predicament of the Children of Israel, when they could not look on Moses' face for the glory that shone in it when he descended from Mount Horeb.'' The copy of "Bonnie Lesley" which has just come to light consists of six verses. It does not have the fourth verse of the original sent to Mrs. Dunlop (see De Lancey Ferguson's Letters, Vol. II, p. 117), and as it has other variations a facsimile copy of it is given in this volume by kind permission of the trustees of the late A. G. G. Cumming. [FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW]

The Literary Art of Robert Burns. By JAMES COLVILLE, M.A., D.Sc.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS [PHILOLOGICAL SECTION]

[Read before the Society, 3rd February, 1897] (With Lantern Illustrations of Handwriting, MS. Readings, Spelling, Emphasis Marks, &c., &c., most obligingly prepared by Mr. P. Falconer, a Member of Council)

The attention which the career and genius of Burns have drawn to him as a great social personality has exaggerated the merely incidental interest of his life, and diverted scholarly attention from his work, viewed as a literary product. The literary art of Burns-the sources, character, and content of his diction, as well as his training and workmanship as an author-has never received that treatment, by study or pre­ lection, which has done so much, both here and still more in Germany, for Chaucer and Shakespeare, not to speak of the strictly classical authors. What can philology do for Burns? What can textual criticism do to teach the nature, rise, and progress of his craftsmanship or technique? Was he an educated author, or merely a clever peasant whom press readers and editors have made presentable? One of Burns's many plans was to sketch his poet's progress. "To know myself had been all along my constant study," he says; for he had his delusions, and of these the capacity for self-introspection was certainly one. He never worked out this plan. Can the omission now be supplied? His career naturally divides itself into three periods-preliminary attempts at authorship, the discovery and working of his special metier, his acknowledged repute as a living author. The last may be set aside as too artificial and self-conscious to suit our point of view and present purpose. Let us limit ourselves to that 4 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS

notable July of 1786 when the Kilmarnock edition appeared, and here again mainly to that period of enormous literary activity--on which, indeed, his enduring fame is based-when he was day by day crooning to himself at the plough-tail on the lea-rigs of Mossgiel, or feasting his fancy on the humours of Ayrshire farm and village life.

These early days of his remind us of the Elizabethan "singing birds" when Shakespeare was best known for "his sugared sonnets among his private friends." So Burns crooned and scribbled, transcribed and gave away his verses at the call of kindred sympathy or good fellowship- "Some rhyme a neebor's name to lash; Some rhyme (vain thought!) for needfu' cash; Some rhyme to court the countra clash, An' raise a din; For me, an aim I never fash; I rhyme for fun."

Burns is too often the literary poseur in his prose, rarely in his native Doric. Here, therefore, we have the first impulses of his art, as we see him, "ben i' the spence," filling the fair well-written folio pages of the first Commonplace Book, begun in the spring-time of 1783, or transcribing from his note-book the contents of the Kilmarnock MSS., or touching up the Irvine MSS. for the printer, and stepping out proudly along the Kilmarnock Road with press corrections for John Wilson. Here we have indubitable evidence at first hand of the poet's craft, and, if we cannot catch him thinking, we, at least, make the nearest human approach to it. It is a wonderful revelation of impetuosity and power-this eager hurry that outruns his NoTE.-The contents of the Kilmarnock MSS. are given in "Scott Douglas," vol. VI., p. 377. He thinks they originally belonged to the First Commonplace Book (April, 1783-0ctober, 1785). They are in the Kilmarnock Burns Museum, and accessible to anybody. The Irvine MSS., fewer in number, must have been the press copy used for the Kilmarnock edition, 1786. They are the property of the Irvine Burns Club, and in the custody of the Town-Clerk, Mr. David Dickie, who is most courteous and helpful to students of the poet. The Commonplace Books are private property and carefully guarded. Readings given in this paper, if not specially indicated, are from MSS. The criticism of Scott Douglas's work, in the following pages, is not to be misunderstood. Few editors have done so much to earn the gratitude of Burns students. Special comment upon his work is itself a distinction. THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 5 "spaviet Pegasus," dashes down a hasty syllable or emphatic capital before its time, or lends additional force to word or phrase by a larger sweep or firmer underlining. What do we know of the "Schools and Schoolmasters" of his 'prentice time, for, after commencing author, serious study, never congenial to him, was scarcely possible? The direct evidence on the point is his fragment of autobiography, and the statements, at a much later date, of his brother Gilbert and of his teacher, Murdoch. The first has all the faults of the age. Scarcely any man of that period, conscious, rightly or wrongly, that he was born to greatness, could give a direct, natural, and unaffected account of himself and his personal surroundings. Burns, introducing himself (1787), through Moore the novelist, into the circle of gentlemen who write, and accounting for himself, is the Burns of the autobiography. It is possible, however, to extract from it what seem to be matters of fact. "By the age of eleven," he says, "I was a critic in substantives, verbs, and participles. . . . Tho. I cost my schoolmaster some thrashings, I became an excellent English scholar." But this is the man of thirty recalling the boy, and that not accur­ ately. What grown man can resist the temptation to romance over his schoolboy days, especially if he can drag in Orbilius plagosus and his own heroic defiance of authority? His reading appears to have been extensive--most of the sentimental and learned work of the time, indeed, but this tasted rather than studied. Masson's "Collection" formed the bulk of his early library. A modern Board-manufactured scholar, getting the gems of his country's literature for nothing, would turn from it in disgust. In unattractive guise it intro­ duces historical and sentimental anecdotes, improved, a la Richardson, to touch the heart of the embryotic scamp, super­ ficial dilutions of Bible and Roman history, the epistolary correspondence of such precious people as Pope and Mrs. Rowe. To redeem it, and form a young stylist, there is much from the Spectator. The greater lights are represented by a few speeches from Shakespeare and "Paradise Lost," good specimens of Pope and Addison, Thomson and Gray, while, longo intervallo, come Shenstone, Parnell, Beattie, Mackenzie, Gay, Akenside, Home, and Macpherson. To "Masson" Murdoch adds a spelling-book, a grammar, and a Bible, and describes his method of teaching-syllabling, oral spelling, parsing, analysis. "They (Robert and Gilbert) committed to memory the hymns and other poems in Masson with uncommon facility, partly owing to the method pursued by their father 6 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS and me, which was to make them thoroughly acquainted with the meaning of every word in each sentence that was to be committed to memory. By-the-bye, this may be easier done [Murdoch's English is not immaculate] at an earlier period than is generally thought. As soon as they were capable of it, I taught them to turn verse into its natural prose order, sometimes to find synonymous expressions for poetical words, and to supply all the ellipses. These, you know, are the means of knowing that the pupil understands his author. These are excellent helps to the arrangement of words in sentences, as well as to a variety of expression." This admirable method could hardly have been bettered. Such an education in English was not within the reach of Scott, though an Edinburgh High School boy. It is indeed, questionable if we are so well served even now. Well might Gilbert say-"Murdoch was a principal means of my brother's improvement." The only regret is that the pupil was but six and the teacher eighteen. A year and a half was all they had of Murdoch, except three weeks when Burns was fourteen, and that mainly devoted to French. Fortunately William Burnes was a man of quite exceptional intellect and force of character. Gilbert's account is more moderate-"With Murdoch we learned to read English tolerably well, and to write a little. He taught us, too, English grammar. I was too young to profit much from his lessons in grammar, but Robert made some proficiency in it." And then he tells us of the boy's enormous appetite for books, unluckily with but little to satisfy it, which we can well believe. The brief report with which Robert opens the first Commouplace Book is equally restrained. Of its author he says :-"As he was but little indebted to scholastic educa­ tion, and bred at a plough-tail, his performances must be strongly tinctured with his unpolished, rustic way of life." Then he becomes sentimental. "For my own part I never had the least thought or inclination of turning Poet till I got once heartily in Love, and then Rhyme and Song were, in a manner, the spontaneous language of my heart." The first piece he gives, "Handsome Nell," is followed by a critical estimate of its quality. In his rhyming, poetical epistles he is in quite another vein : - "I am nae poet in a sense, But just a rhymer like by chance, An' hae to learning nae pretence, Yet, what the matter? Whene'er my Muse does on me glance, I jingle at her." THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 7 This sane enough estimate of his art in its genesis and quality, without love and heart in capitals, forms the other extreme to the sentimental exaggeration of the autobiography. By the time he had reached his majority he had amassed a very creditable capital for author-craft. He used it with ease and grace as occasion required. In English he could play the "sedulous ape" to Murdoch, whose "argillaceous fabric" or "tabernacle of clay" is the "auld clay biggin' " done into very passable Johnsonese. Such phrases he could reel off at any time. Milton, Shakespeare, Pope, and Gray, and, above all, the Bible, he could quote when required; but this as little bespoke a grasp of their real inwardness as his liberal use of French phrases showed a mastery of the language. In reality he was of the true Shakespearean stuff. With the ease and audacity of the erne he swept the mere of learning and secured · the big fishes from sovereignty of nature. "I think, he'll be to Rome, As is the osprey to the fish, who takes it By sovereignty of nature."--Coriolanus. Thanks to keen intellectual curiosity, quick sympathies, vivifying imagination, and consummate mastery of phrase, he could always give points easily to the stirks that came out of college to bray like.asses. During his 'prenticeship he completely realised the Baconian guide to self-culture--"Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man." Books he read eagerly. His Commonplace Book and his well-written MSS. tell their own tale of the virtue of exactness. "My social disposition," he says, "like our catechism's definition of infinitude, was without bounds and limits." Of the debating clubs he was the moving spirit, and this not only at the evening gathering at Tarbolton or Mauchline, but weekly at the kirk stile. Out of the debates to the ding-dong of the kirk-going bell, and the din over auld and new licht came the revelation of inborn powers. Scotland owes a far greater debt for cherishing a healthy intellectual life to Calvinism,· the catechism, and long sermons, than to all her parish schools put together. The outcome needed but close contact with the realities of life, and this came, about the poet's twenty-third year, with the Irvine business failure and the Armour entanglements, forcing him to call upon the undeveloped talent which the country-side had applauded. Had worldly success followed, the tastes and studies of the earlier period, combined with what we know of subsequent 8 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS ambitions and abortive literary plans, would lead us to expect in Burns only one more added to that gallery of Scoto-English authors of whom Home, Beattie, Robertson, Hume, Mackenzie, Blair, and their compeers are the brighter ornaments. Had Burns been content to be an English author, the result may be guessed by comparing the rhymin~ epistles with the labour of the file which turned out the "Hermitage" lines, the "Wounded Hare," and the "Epistle to Graham of Fintry." Dr. Moore advised him, after the success of the Kilmarnock edition, to write henceforth in English. Luckily he took his own way with good advice of this kind, the way of a gentleman and a true artist. He thanked his mentor courteously and naturally, but followed the bent of his own sympathies. Quite half-a-dozen of his contemporaries wrote as good or better English. It was his to be the greatest master of the vernacular the world ever has seen or ever will see. His confession to Davie, that he was a rhymer by chance, is disingenuous. Diligently had he sought for an aim and style, and found it. Luckily he kept the Beattie-Shenstone-Mackenzie style for special enjoyment as an acquired taste. Gray and Goldsmith might have made poetry out of abstract nouns written with capitals, but that would not do for Burns. He turned to his true masters, Ramsay and Fergusson. A warning finger was over their English verse, but their plain lallans went straight to his heart- "Then farewel hopes o' Laurel-boughs To garland my poetic brows! Henceforth I'll rove where busy ploughs Are whistling thrang, An' tell the lanely heights and howes My rustic sang." Now that he came to see what environment and genius had done for him, did he write Scotch? The question requires qualification. If literature of the vernacular means the language, thought, feeling, natural to common people as they speak, think, and feel, such a product would be an impossibility. The poet is a Makkar, a Dichter, and must be free to -select, combine, idealise, as his plastic imagination dictates. But the mind and art of Burns are not now in question. It is rather the technique which guided and perfected the expression of these. Now, as Burns was a Scottish rustic, ever in touch with the soil, but one who had educated himself on the best English models, the question resolves itself into another. How far was his vernacular influenced by English-i.e., in what respect is it a THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 9 contribution to the larger body of English literature? Does he stand among the immortals because he wrote with superb distinction the speech that Shakespeare wrote? If yes, then patriotism must be consoled with the thought that he was like the Scot abroad, who, while extending the empire with sword and plough, is ever true to the heather and the thistle at home. Whatever the answer may be, it has to be reached through a philological inquiry into the text, embracing a study of hand­ writing, grammar, spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary. We have quite a mass of illustrations of his MSS. The series opens with the boyish attempts of a lad of thirteen, and the later efforts of a lover who is longing for "ane-and-twenty." It closes with the tremulous, but bold and clear effort, of a man stricken with the hand of Death. With the writing of no author or historic personality is the public so familiar, after that general fashion which prompted the remark of a visitor to the Centenary Exhibition. Taking in the MSS. room with the one comprehensive glance of the uninformed, he exclaimed, "These are his writings, but when you see one you see them all." They will reward close scrutiny, however, and yield some fruit, not yet gleaned by the many editors who must have read them, towards textual criticism. If a bold, characteristic hand be a test of a cultivated and capable intelligence, Burns comes out with flying colours. His hand has always the air of distinction, and must have evidently been a source of pride to him. It offers a marked contrast to that of most of his correspondents, notably his brother Gilbert's, which is feeble, shaky, and angular, with decided German features of a narrow parallelism. That of his eldest son, Robert, is still more weak and colourless. The get-up of the MSS. offers a marked contrast to that of Allan Ramsay, who does not even indicate his lines by capitals, spells with untutored freedom, and is quite indifferent whether proper nouns have capitals or not. In hand-writing the poet has his likes and dislikes. These are well shown in his abundant use of capitals, for it was the fashion of the day to employ these far more largely than now as a mode of marking emphasis. Many of the capitals, notably A, C, D, E, G, I, S, Y, he treats consistently in bald colourless fashion. His special favourites, B, F, R, T, he always dashes off with ease and distinctness. A few are such special favourites that he keeps two styles on hand for appropriate occasions. The first vowel, in bald, triangular shape, leads a line or sentence. In other positions an enlarged ordinary a generally does duty for it. This latter grew upon him towards the close, 10 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS and was always prominent in the letters, for these mannerisms at many points afford a key to the age of a MS. His two P's are precisely analogous. With pet words like Poet and Poverty we have a whip P with butt up and the long lash looped in two full sweeps round the handle. Bard is favoured in similar fashion. The ordinary p enlarged is good enough for Willie Pitt, and for any but the leading place. Other double forms are M, N, and W, but for the two first the simpler style is preferred all through. For the last the enlarged ordinary is io decidedly predominant in later MSS. Full use is made of the elaboration of which H and K admit, and these are never varied. As a rule L is simply done, but in Love, Labour, Lasses, it has enlarged loops at the terminals. The small letters are similarly individualised. The most prominent, a long s, was a fashion of the age, both in script and type. In early MSS. Burns reserves it pretty generally for a position between vowels or before a long consonant like p. The habit of using it as initial grew, but at no time is it final, nor does it follow a long consonant anywhere. The fashion was giving way near the close of his career, but it held on well into the third quarter of this century. Small d has also two forms, the upright limb straight or with a backward sweep. The latter is rare in Kilmarnock and Irvine MSS., and there only final. Tam o' Shanter and Jolly Beggars have a great many, but towards the close of the former poem, where a graver style comes in, the ordinary dis reverted to. Nor is it at all common in the first Commonplace Book, but the later Edinburgh one, as well as the letters, has a great many. A still better test of the age of the MS. is the small r. Burns, in his youthful, amateurish days of careful finish, used an r which was but the body of small script k apart from the limb. This is distinctive of his Burness signature and of many pieces in the Kilmarnock MSS. It is rare elsewhere, and only where there is special care, as in the name Glencairn. The easier form marks the prose throughout. In all the letters there is a tendency to a general forward movement of the pen, throwing the letter often out of slope. Looped letters, up or down, are very rare. In the very early Alison Begbie letters, however, and the closing ones, written feebly at Brow, even t is looped. Long s is looped only below the line for the most part. Burns has a slight break at almost every letter, even where it would be most natural to run on. He has an objection to curving up letters at their terminals, thus t, d, y, g, finish very abruptly. · THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 11 As a rule the penmanship is singularly free from slips. Deletions are unknown unless in the reader's hand in the Irvine MSS., in view of the Kilmarnock press. Erasure is seldom resorted to, and then only by a slight blurring of the peccant member. Omitted letters are rarely inserted, so that if the poet re-read his MS., he did not fash himself over such trifles. When he makes such slips, the long letters are always responsible--e.g., c'amorous, ni'gted, sq'eel, a'tho, cu'st, vint'er, St. Step'en, a'tidote, worsship, len'th, mis'pending, madamoiss­ elle, misstress's, s sacred, lest for less, blesst. The Irvine Cotter's is most carefully written, yet it has some curious slips. In heart-felt the f is repeated before t, and l simply written over it. The phrase warfare wage has begun with wag, and then r is written over the g, showing how the poet was upset by having his rhyme in his mind. Long s has bothered not only the poet but his editors. In Halloween there stands the line- "They hoy't out Will wi' sair advice." No one has seen that sair is here nonsensical. A look at the MS. shows undoubtedly a long s written over a faint f. The poet's first thought (fair) was sense, the second nonsense. This is one of many proofs showing that, if he ever took the trouble of revising in script or type, it must have been in a very uncritical fashion. Again in Holy Fair, Kilmarnock MS. has- "Then sairie Willie Water-fitt Ascends the holy rostrum." The epithet here most probably is but a variant of sorry, indifferently good. Scott Douglas, describing this MS., and professing to reproduce it for the student, reads fairy, without seeing the absurdity of it, to say nothing of his gratuitous change of termination. As grammar, punctuation, and choice of words are integral parts of an author's style, his text ought to give evidence of their quality. When, as in the case of Bums, the printed text can be so well supplemented by MSS., features which never see the light are revealed, showing us the very workings of his mind, the craftsman in his workshop. There we can study his historically and critically interesting spelling, emphasis marks, capitals. All these are lost in type. As for the poet's punctua­ tion, it is as correct as the press reader can make it. Now this completely obscures the idiosyncrasies of so wayward an author as Bums, and puzzles the student who is labouring to see a meaning in them. 12 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS

Nor is the editor able to shake off this servile adherence to convention when claiming all the virtues of scrupulous accuracy and fidelity in a reprint. The best of them is M'Kie's reprint of the Kilmarnock edition, yet here are the variations got from one reading of it alongside of the original : - KILMARNOCK EDITION * M'KIE'S REPRINT Contents Contents . Salutation to his auld Mare Salutation, to his auld Mare Page 18.-Wi' dissipation, feud Wi' dissipation, feud, an' faction! an' faction! ,, 47.-... style, an' gesture . . style, and gesture ,, 66.-Poor Mailie's dead I Poor Mallie's dead! ,, 77.-... solemn basses ye . . . solemn basses, ye hum away. hum away. ,, 82.-1 fear, that, wi' the I fear that, wi' the geese, geese, ,, 85.-... she'll discern your .. she'll discern, your hymeneal hymeneal charter. charter . ., 113.-Repeat it three times Repeat it three times; and the and the third time. third time. These are trifles, but the pretensions of the editor provoke such criticism. At the other extreme, as a disgracefully careless bit of work, is the Greenock reprint (1872) of the first Common­ place Book. Its pretensions are of the highest. The actual work is full of blunders, like a'e (always), winna', t'ween, we'el, wlzile's, fau't. Bums uses contracted and throughout, and this reprinter has it consistently in full. He has always tho', too, for the tho of the text. Scott Douglas, with the MS. before him, rebukes the carelessness of his predecessor, and then gives professedly a faithful reprint, but he too falls far short of his pretensions. Both have the dishonest trick of correcting misspelling and ignoring deletions. Scott Douglas devotes two pages to admirable facsimiles of the MS., for which one cannot be too grateful, and these alone are enough to expose the errors of his own, professedly immaculate reprint. The second Commonplace Book, again, has been reproduced by Professor Jack in Macmillan's Magazine. He rightly condemns Currie's mangling of it, but he, too, fails to reach his own standard. The work left behind by Bums in script or type enables us to test his own estimate.of his preparation for authorship, namely, that he was an excellent English scholar. Currie, his first editor, an educated Scot long settled in England, who saw more than any other of the poet's MSS., admits that he had to correct when editing, but this was never extended to "any • This would be a credit to any press. Edinburgh edition, 1787, is inferior in every way. THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 13 habitual modes of expression, even where the phraseology may seem to violate the delicacies of taste or the idiom of our language, which he wrote in general with great accuracy." Though this is a poor apology for Currie's unwarrantable liberties, it has value as the contemporary opinion of a man of culture. The poet's own standard for his author-craft he gives in a letter to Mrs. Dunlop-"As to Poetry, when you prepare it for the press, you h~ve only to spell it right and place the capital letters properly. As to the punctuation, the printers do that themselves." That his spelling was not hap-hazard is further borne out by a note that he sent to Johnson, to correct Tobbacco in a proof of an article in his hands on "Pipe and Tobacco." We may assume, therefore, that the spelling of his MSS. is what he had trained himself to practise as the usage of the period. Now the high-water mark of last-century printing in Scotland is seen in the beautiful edition of Gray's Poems, by the brothers Foulis of Glasgow (1768). Here are some of its peculiarities for comparison with modern usage or the spelling of Burns:- cuckow surprized gulph ardor croud drest fro lick stir'd chear favourite row ling drop'd controul etherial cloathed compleat warriour antient recompence desart air has broke at other's wave (verb) waiward fancies Flattery sooth (v.) no farther seek insect-youth gayly-gilded quick-glancing infant-mind Tyrant-Power saphire-blaze

BURNS' COMPOUNDS Labor-sair Heart's-blood Sair-wark Rural-life Auld-age Patriot-Bard (corrected Pictur'd-beuks Fragrance-beauty over small b by the Guid-bluid o' old Boconnock's reader of Irvine MSS.) Human-Race wee-bit ingle wee-things Human-bodies Magic-wand Skelpie-limmer's-face train-attendant saut-tears red-wat-shod This and other models, which Burns must have studied in boyhood, will prepare the way for his own pec:uliarities: -

BURNES' CATECHISM* adressing beleive fabrick favour

* The family Bible has, in his hand-writing, douther, which is Kincardine, not Ayrshire, dother (daughter). 14 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS MAssoN's COLLECTION centre chrystal desart splendor cheers crouds etherial tyger cheerfully controul fervour uncrouded GILBERT'S LETTER TO CURRIE difficul tys licience reconomy our's english of (for off) oppertunity synonemous labor'd HAMILTON'S WALLACE (English Verse) Air(town) chiftain inviron'd splendor arbitriment cliver independent Syrens Barrons curry'd hides oblidged tyes beautify'd controul pannic nation's joy chearful duly rowls, rowl'd Wallace father chused forsee sirname FERGUSSON aukward dy'd (died) harrass Phoebus chearful deny'd have chose pityless chrystal enchant heart alee rude ax chrystaline 'ere inchanting splendor clangor farewel inkindled sooths (v.) controul fault'ring invenom'd your's• croud groupe on's chariot born We have here the Catechism of religious belief drawn up by old William Burnes, and written out in a careful hand by Murdoch. Gilbert's letter to Currie shows how the less-gifted brother profited by instruction. The books of the poet's school-time--Masson's "Collection," Hamilton's "Blind Harry," and Fergusson-have features of spelling which partly agree with Burns, partly not. The beautiful edition of Fergusson, by Morison of Perth, has, like Burns, the noun-ending -or instead of -our, the use of in- instead of en- as a prefix, the persistence of y in pityless, deny'd, and the blundering your's. Phoebus here is right, a word which Burns spoilt, like Cmsar, after his printer had corrected it, always writing them Phebus and Cesar. Indifference to the elision mark may account for his thro, tho, and the like, when it was right in print, but he observed it in ev'n, clam'rous, and the like, according to the prevailing mode of printing verse. [I am glad to see ·that the modem printer has given up this device.] His proper names sometimes showed indifference, as Willie Pit, "gab like boswel;" sometimes his spelling was phonetic, as Isiah, Livistone.

• Modern forms occurring in these lists are there for comparison with the usage of Burns where he departs from his models. THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 15

BURNS' ENGLISH SPELLING heartachs(verb) critisism (slip) interupted recompence heartake controuling integritive suspence ardor distic intirely sooths (v.) athiest defficient confering superiour aweful Dasswinton Ben Johnson Scotish (not al- family bible dependance literaly sinfull [ways) artic detesteble labor squallid agreables duely manuel tyes a equal deporment (slip)meerly tottaly akward (phonetic) english mantain unforseen bony lass expence Madamoisselle untill blockead (slip) embarras neighborhood unexperienc'd choaks endeavor oblidged Van burgh commitee (phonetic) facinating (slip) priviledge weakness's (pl.) confidate (slip) favor, favorite pulvilised prophane chearfully floor (flour) puritannic spy'd center farewel Presbyterean Theocrites coll edge greeness posession Pit (Minister) compleat gager reccollect (slip) Dundass beleive ho nor recieve Phebus chuse her's, your's recevieved(slip)Cesar croud harras rememberance Mamon, Isiah Many forms in this list, which is not, however, exhaustive, might be found in books of the period. A good London edition of the "Tale of a Tub" (1790) has similar irregularities, such as croud, center, compleat, chuse, expence, intirely, showing that Burns's practice was that of the time. But the spelling of his day generally was much more regular and modern than anything to be inferred from these MSS. Nor is it possible to acquit Burns of that want of accurate observation in words which his own standard sets up. Burns gives Mrs. Dunlop the impression of indifference to commas, but here he is certainly posing. His MSS. are scrupulously punctuated-the Kilmarnock very sparingly, the Irvine more freely. A few points are added or altered, not always wisely, in the Kilmarnock edition, but, on the whole, it very faithfully preserves the poet's interpretation of his own sense, much more so than many modern editions. He has few points that actually spoil the sense, but he errs now and then both by excess and defect. A detachable phrase, now requiring two points, he lets off with one, and that always at the close. A phrase of address he leaves undetached by a point. A series of adjectives before the same subject he does not peg off in detail as' we now do. An emphatic adverb beginning a line he likes to follow with a comma, whether wanted or not by the sense. Strangely, though so fond of emphasising his text, he is careless 16 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS and weak with the exclamation mark. Even direct queries he does not indicate at all. He never has an accent mark in verse, except Scotland in the Queen Mary, and very rarely such an underlining as this in the Jolly Beggars- "And by that Stowp I my faith an' houpe, And by that dear Kilbaigie." An author's English must, above all, possess the quality of clearness, and to this nothing is so inimical as defects in syntax or the arrangement of words and clauses. That Bums occasionally violated this necessary rule, the following speci­ mens, faulty either in grammar or in the use of words, will bear out. He was not himself so sure of his tread here as in dialect. In the autobiography, speaking of one of his early loves, he says, "My scarcity of English denies me the power of doing her justice in that language."

BURNS' ENGLISH I. Tho. I cost the schoolmaster some thrashings, I made an excellent English scholar. 2. There was a certain period of my life that my spirit was broke by repeated losses. 3. It is not commonly at these green years that the young nobility and gentry have a just sens~. &c. 4. Every man, even the worst, have something good about them. S. Had my father continued in that situation, I must have marched off to have been one of the, &c. 6. The story of Wallace poured a tide of Scottish prejudice in my veins, &c. 7. Tell Miss Jenny that I had wrote her a long letter. 8. At these years I was by no means a favorite with anybody. 9. lam got under the patronage of-so and so. 10. My father was just saved from absorption in a jail. 11. A tract of misfortunes. 12. My mind is rapt up in a kind of enthusiasm to their, &c. The last is instructive. It occurs in the Commonplace Book, and shows a confusion between rapt and wrapped. The list might be extended from the letters. There is no doubt that Burns, in the earlier portion of his career, if he aimed at qualifying himself as a writer of Scotch, did little in the practice of it. His youthful songs are but make-believe vernacular, while his more ambitious verse of the period closely follows English models. But about 1782 his aim got a new and congenial direction. The call of practical local needs in the church question revealed to him the capabilities THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 17 of the vernacular, and the perusal of Ramsay and Fergusson* gave both impulse and direction. No books in all his library of authors have left such a deep imprint on his own lines as these native rhymes. Words, phrases, metres, subjects-all these he selected and recombined for his own purposes. Marlowe's "Plays," Hollinshed's "Chronicles," and North's "Plutarch" did not do more for Shakespeare than Ramsay and Fergusson for Burns. Burns never knew much, if anything at all, of the old classical Scotch. He could scarcely have seen Dunbar without letting us know of it, while Hamilton's "Blind Harry," a feeble verbose imitation of Dryden's "}Eneid," would have been pitched away could he have had before him a page of Barbour. Much had happened to break the continuity of the national literature. Under Renascence influences it became imitative and artificial, and so got out of touch with the popular speech. The troubles of the 17th century completed the estrangement. Drummond, Montrose, Stirling, Leighton, Burnet were mere anglified Scots. Ramsay's "Evergreen" paved the way for a national revival, but even he had no scholarly acquaintance with classical Scotch. Burns, however, knew little of Allan's work, such as it was, save "The Gentle Shepherd," into which the poet had dragged a few archaisms. By Fergusson's time the romantic movement was popularising antiquities, but his archaisms, more pronounced than Allan's, are even, more forced and unnatural. For all such Burns never had much liking. He cared nothing for Grose's "fouth o' auld nick-nackets," befooled that pompous prig, the Earl of Buchan, and, had Fate willed it so, would gladly have had his fling at the Bastile. Unlike Scott, who was always proud of his pedigree, he was but a nameless peasant, whose blood, as with facetious exaggeration he puts it, had "flowed through scoundrels since the flood." Eschewing, therefore, the archaisms which Allan and Fergusson furbished up, he gave us a vernacular diction of his own, and this he found, where he got the best part of his literary equipment, in the mouths of the common people. How this vernacular has survived through the centuries is a miracle. With Ulfilas it

*The Autobiography say, "Rhyming I had given up [winter 1781-2 in Irvine]; but meeting with Fergusson's Scottish Poems, I strung anew my wildly-sounding lyre." Yet, writing to Richmond in Edin­ burgh,, February, 1786, he asks for a copy of Fergusson to be sent to him, evidently with the Kilmarnock edition in view, for he notes The Ordination, Scotch Drink, Cotters, and Deil, and adds, "Have completed 'Twa Dogs.' "

B 18 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS has more in common than with Douglas. Wyntoun and Barbour are far more intelligible to the ear attuned to plain lallans than are Dunbar and Lyndesay. But one can follow the stream from the uplands of time-Laws of the Four Burghs, Acts of Scotch Parliament, Exchequer Rolls, Privy Council Register, Diarists of 16th and 17th Centuries, Kirk Session and Burgh Records.· And at every turn we meet with the most direct, intelligible, and homely diction and idiom. How did Burns treat his vernacular? A born stylist, he had many styles, and most of all in his Scotch. And ever as he grows in elevation and depth of tone, in width and spiritual insight, where the jocose, the shrewd, the caustic, or the tender, would be out of place, he leaves the vernacular behind, and expatiates in pure English. His contemporaries acted otherwise. They wrote in deadly terror lest a Scotticism should betray the porridge and the peat. Scott came under the same influences, and to this his many imitators have been true. The product of all his school is therefore of as little value philologically as the Highlander of the old-fashioned snuff-shop ethnologically. They all force the vernacular, as Burns did in his early efforts and frequently in his songs, into an English mould. The internal evidence of MSS. and type goes far to show that Burns gradually gave his work more and more of a dialectic look. This is evident on comparison of the earlier Kilmarnock MSS. and Commonplace Book with the later Irvine MSS., and, still more, the early editions. The change was in some respects more superficial than real. At first, hesitating between English and vernacular, Burns used much that gives quite a Southron look to his verses. Thus final consonants are seldom dropped in words like and, from, over (as owre), on, of, with, since, through, though. As regards and, the Commonplace Book generally contracts it; but both Kilmarnock and Irvine MSS. agree pretty well over an'. There is a similar use of finals like d and l. The English and unmodi­ fied forms-hands, stands, fend, moorland, lzighland, hall, fall, warld-are notable in the Commonplace Book. Irvine MSS. and the Kilmarnock edition generally give them a Scotch look by elision, though the '86 edition has always highland and moorland. Burns grew to be more particular about the elision mark than he was in his early days. The Kilmarnock MSS. are conspicuously indifferent unless in case of its, which is marked with the apostrophe even where it ought not to be, as in the pronoun its. The same practice is followed in Shakespeare's first folio. This mistake, in the case of her's, is on the very THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 19 title page of the Kilmarnock edition-"Her's all the melting thrill." Yet edition '87 has the equally inexcusable-"Its no the loss," &c. Of course, by a false analogy, the rule is extended to your's, our's and even to wha's, in the Edinburgh edition. The Kilmarnock MSS. is similarly indifferent to the elision mark in twas, twere, ha-folk, ha-pence, quo she, throuther (throw'ther in type), han-daurk, flimsel. It treats similarly maist (amaist) mang, and yont, which last is boldly supplied with the missing mark in Irvine MSS. Burns made his commas lightly, but in the Irvine press copy alterations are all in a heavy hand. Such a well-printed edition of Fergusson as Morison's of Perth con­ sistently supplies an unnecessary apostrophe to ere (before). The Commonplace Book again is generally attentive to apostrophes, even in cases like gi'e, li'e, lea'e, ta'en, where they are quite unnecessary, but no MSS. show such a misuse of it as Scott Douglas's "o' his woe's," which is far worse than the poet's own witness's (plural) in his prose. The Irvine MSS. approach closely to the printer's practice, which in poetry of last century was conspicuous for helping the blundering ear in verse. In spite of custom, Bums in Kilmarnock MSS. has every and even in full, but een always unmarked both for evening and eyes. To the singlar e'e he adds the mark. In Halloween (Kilmarnock MSS.) so'ens is correct, but in Kilmarnock edition it is, carelessly, so'ns. The elision mark involves considerations of grammar as well as metrical euphony. In ignoring the mark for possessive, Burns goes on historic grounds, for the apostrophe is modern. Old Scots writers treated these as true adjectives, and said "sister son." We still say "Lady Day." So also Burns in MSS. has lordly Cassilis pride, auld wives fables, lairds lands, and often, if he adds the s, there is no apostrophe, as in Beatties wark. In the Borealis, race of Tam o' Shanter the inserted apostrophe is a clear case of blundering. In the verb, Bums has forms and idioms which are distinc­ tively Northern. Thus he has many instances of its charac­ teristic -s ending. All through its history Scotch vernacular has said aa cyme, thu cymis, he cymis, we, ye, they cymis. In the first person, if the subject, I, was emphatic, -s was not used. The vernacular has always had this form in the dramatic present, says I. So Burns has, "Says I 'before I sleep a wink,' " changed in Kilmarnock edition to Quoth I. The -s of the plural represents the old English -eth, and old German -et. Shakespeare has this in ''What cares these roarers for the name of king," "Winking Mary-buds on chaliced flowers that lies." 20 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS This is exactly like Burns' "What sairs your grammars?" But he is not consistently Northern. In Davie- "How best o' chiels are whiles in want, While coofs on countless thousands rant, An kens na how to wair't- the rhyme compels him to drop the -s in rant, and the printer generally insists, for uniformity, on dropping it in kens, against the MSS. Neither his printer, Wilson, nor Burns, "fash't a thoom" over historic accuracy. Wherever the printer encounters an · old form, it generally goes. As for the poet, when his ear listened to the vernacular, he was right; when he aped English models, he was wrong. Thus in the Commonplace Book the opening lines of Mailie read- " As Maille, an' her lambs thegither, Were ae day nibbling on the tether," instead of the Kilmarnock MSS. and even Kilmarnock edition was. In the Commonplace Book- "Croonin at a pleugh or flail Do weel enough," · the poet has even tnissed his English rule. In the Kilmarnock MSS. Do is altered to does, but in another hand. In the Northern dialect is and was are generally preferred throughout all persons. Thus the Earnest Cry has- · "In gath'rin votes ye wasna slack." Even the Commonplace Book has in John Barleycorn- "There was three kings into the east." On this Scott Douglas evolves, out of his inner consciousness, the statement that the poet could never be induced to change his bad grammar here, and adds the ill-informed rider to it that, with Shakespeare, he thought bad grammar a positive beauty. It was no thought of ornament, but true linguistic instinct, that made Burns write to Stnith- "An anxious e'e I never throws Behint my lug or by my nose;" or, again, in mixed form- "I here wha sit has met wi' some, An'sthankfufor themyet."-(Davie.) The old 2nd singular is still more frequent- "O Thou wha gies us each good gift."--(Lapraik.) "Thou paints auld Nature to the nines"- or, in less serious company- "Thou clears the head o' doited Lear"­ and a plural- "For you that's douse an' sneers at this." THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 21 In English his foot is not so sure. Thus the prayer of the Commonplace Book has- "What Thou art surpassest me to know." All these forms except the last, which is merely an English solecism, can be paralleled from old Scotch; only there they are regular, in Burns occasional. In most cases his idiom is quite English. The future tense in Burns is often truly dialectic. While he is writing under English influence, as in the Commonplace Book, he does not use it. Compare the Commonplace Book with the Kilmarnock MSS.-

COMMONPLACE BOOK KILMARNOCK MSS. I'll no insist I'se no insist We'll gie We'se gie We'll gar We'se gar Both have it, however, in the familiar diction of Mailie- "Thou's get my blether." Here we have only a corruption of the distinctive Northern shall. To this day in English the Scot prefers his shall to the southern will. Curiously Burns, even in his English prose, is as fond as Shakespeare of a true subjunctive. Thus in Smith- "l'll wander on with tentless heed, How never-halting moments speed." Similarly in a prose sentence we have-"Till some squall overset the silly vessel," which Currie corrected to shall overset. The participial forms give more trouble. The old present participle in -and was carefully distinguished from the gerund, as falland, fallyng. The loss of d and the universal dropping of g in participial endings in colloquial English have led to much confusion between the two forms. The change marked the transition from the older style of Wyntown and Barbour to the middle style. In Burns the distinction between gerund and participle is noticeable. He uses -in always for the gerund -e.g., "Croonin at a pleugh or flail," "For breakin o' their trimmer," "knappin hammers." The old present participle, which he found occasionally in Ramsay as -and, and always in Fergusson as -in, he has noticed so particularly as to head his glossary with a paragraph explanatory of the distinction. "The participle present, instead of -ing, ends in Scottish dialect in -an or -in; in -an particularly when the verb is composed of the participle present and any tenses of the verb to be." The 22 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS spick-and-span punctuation here betrays the experienced hand. Whether the matter be that of Burns also or not, the rule has no reference to the poet's verses, for it cannot be made to square with the facts. In "Holy Fair," glintan, hirplan, chantan, springan, and in "Scotch Drink," greetan, all with verb to be, seem to bear out the rule. In The Deil, rhyme and rule require uniformity in one case, where, however, we have thinkan, drinkin, linkan, jinkan. When the participle is purely such, and makes no compound tense, there is the same irregularity. Thus we have ramblan billies, auld folks crackan crouse, as well as glowrin een. But, along with these, English -ing again and again asserts itself, especially if the word is clearly not Scotch. The MSS. do not help us much to Burns's practice. Kilmarnock Holy Fair has many -ans and -ings; Irvine has a few -ins and many -ings. Its glentan has clearly been changed from glentin, showing a conscious effort at uniformity. The Kilmarnock Twa Dogs has but one -an; Irvine, 15; the former has 12 -ins; the latter, 6. Kilmarnock has only two -ings; Irvine, many. As a guide to usage over a longer period of the poet's career, Kilmarnock Tam o' Shanter has 6 -ins; Groce (edition '91), 7; '93-4 edition has not one, all -ing. Kilmarnock MSS. Halloween has very few -ins, mostly -ans. The Kilmarnock edition has a few of the Kilmarnock MSS. -ings, but mostly ans. Where English influence is strong, as in Cotter's, Kilmarnock MSS. has several -ings, but only strappin, sparklin; Irvine has merely blinkan, strappan, the rest being -ings. In the Commonplace Book -in' with elision mark is general. If the glossary note is Burns's, then over the Commonplace Book he either knew nothing of the old Scotch rule, or thought the -in' the best compromise between Scotch and English. Till the time of the Irvine MSS., he put the part as -in or -in' with a few -ans. If he is responsible for the typography of edition '87, he had fallen in with the prevailing printer's practice of the time, and given up -ans, even in a noun form like messin (a dog of Messina); but he keeps spleuchan and pechan. His reading of "The Gentle Shepherd" had shown him plenty of -ans, as blinkan, brankan, and even the pure form m rowand and glowand. Fergusson's printer, again, gives only -in, as rantin, rowtin, cleedin, blinkin, todlin, slaverin. This is undoubtedly the best practice. If the elision mark suggests g, then it is quite misleading and unhistorical. The glossarial note says that the past tense and past participle usually shorten the -ed into 't. But this rule is no THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 23 more uniform than the other. In speech both Scotch and English add d, t, or ed, whichever suits the final letter of the verb. The only difference is that, whenever possible, Scotch sounds the -ed as a syllable, and that as -et or -it. After dentals the Elizabethan rule, which drops the d, is followed in preference, thus- "Some cause unseen ay stept between, And frustrate each endeavour."-carrick Farmer. Cromek, who first printed this piece, did not understand this very familiar English usage (common in the Authorised Version of 1611), and made it To frustrate, which reading, of course, Scott Douglas follows, not seeing in such a case the beauty of what he thought the poet's bad grammar. In Wyntown's time the English 'd was the rule, but Barbour prefers the far older -yt or -it, as wallyt toune, grippit ay, which afterwards held its own. Hence Burns rightly enough has crabbet, rakket, respeckit, negleckit. So fond is the spoken dialect of the full syllable that we have pittet (for put by the rule for final dentals), and even strong endings like putten, hudden, hotten, sitten. Burns's usage is here too uncertain. The Kilmarnock MSS. show a marked preference for 't, showing letter't, crie't, pray't, and even fatigu't. (Irvine has the conventional fatigu'd). Edition '87 changes warsl't to English printer's warsl'd, surely showing the absurdity of the elision mark altogether. The Kilmarnock edition generally has -et. Edition '87 always has. -it. Irvine MSS. have many examples of 'd, which is also characteristic of the Commonplace Book, and even the poet's early prose, so difficult was it for Burns to resist the printer's rule of his day. Thus Commonplace Book and '87 have toss'd for Kilmarnock MSS. tost. His dropt is also in contemporary English. In Halloween he brings the two forms together­ "Liv' d and di'd deleeret." His preference for 't has passed over to such forms as o't, for't, wi't, where the vernacular always sounds 'd. He, too, frequently requires the syllable -ed to be sounded in verse, but never once marks it with an accent, rightly thinking that the reader whose ear cannot guide itself had better let poetry alone. Scott Douglas invariably adopts this un-English devic~. and is such a slave to his hobby as to mark paced when giving a faithful reprint of the poet's Commonplace Book, where there is nothing of the kind. In truth, poetry, a literary form for ages before writing was invented, is so entirely dominated by the ear and not the eye, that no poet in his metre has any right to depart from the usage of the spoken language, at least to the extent of adopting any 24 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS device to conceal bad versification. This editor marks it also in the first line of a Bard's Epitapfz- "Is there a whim-inspired fool," where in Kilmarnock edition it stood, under a false analogy, as 'd. Nor was this changed in edition '87. The poet's ear, like Shakespeare's in similar cases, would naturally treat inspired as a trisyllable under the influence of the strongly trilled r. It is only the very modem Englishman who is doing his best to eliminate this letter. Otherwise Bums has few halting lines. The Irvine MS. of Mailie has "O may they never (learn) the gaets," while both MSS. and early editions have noble in "An honest man's the noblest work of God." In The Vision, Kilmarnock edition has "The lee-lang day had tir'd me," another seemingly faulty line, also due to the trilled letter. A curious modification of the participial termination marks all the MSS. in contrast to type-forms. This is in blastiet, tautiet, dautiet, tapietless, which all appear in type as simply -tet, -tit, or oftener -ted. Burns seems to have regarded these as formed from adjectives, which, according to his general practice, he terminated in -ie. He himself uses blastie, and there is a dautie and a taupie. If Burns got tapietless from this last, he made a great mistake. The Kilmarnock glossary edition glosses his word unthinking.* In earlier days he preferred -y for adjectival endings, which was 18th century English, and Ramsay's form also. But in Irvine MSS. there is the influence of an antiquarian fit in the office, and most of the press correc­ tions are devoted to the conversion of his ony, mony, bony, crony, to the -ie ending. A very few have escaped. His practice, however, is here not at all consistent. Proper names have, by preference, -y, but in Tam o' Shanter, within a few lines, we have Maggie both ways. We may find Davie, but not Maily or Jennie. Ramsay is equally uncertain. Fergusson's printer has bonny lambies, grannie, fou vogie, wow but I'm cadgie. Burns seems to keep in MSS. to -ie in nouns, as whiskie, pennie, dudie, bodies, dadie. Connected with this termination is the other practice of doubling the preceding consonant or not, apparently as indicating pronounciation. A second dis inserted as an afterthought in Irvine Jolly Beggars, apparently in keeping with a thinning and sharpening of the * Cowper professes, in a letter, to understand what the Poet meant by calling his muse "a tapietless, ramfeezled hizzie." I question if even Burns had a right grip of this word, still perfectly familiar to a Fifeshire man as taebetless. THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS 25 preceding vowels (for example, duddie, boddies), while the same result is aimed at in doubling n, giving, therefore, distinct sounds of bonie and bonnie, dudie, duddie, bodie and boddie, dadie and daddie. The open vowel is certainly the older and truer form. We have now got to be so fond of the shut vowel as to say, Robby and me Lod Priivost.

An inter~ting old idiom appears in the omission of the relative in the nominative case. It is not obtrusive in earlier Scotch, but decidedly so with the 18th century artificial balladists. Hamilton's "Blind Harry" quite overdoes the practice, for example, "Give me that knife under thy girdle hings." What must have facilitated the disappearance of the relative here was the popular form of the relative 'at, due to elision of the troublesome aspirated dental, "Aa baid a lang while but ther was naebody ['at] cam." This relative in 'at is abundant in Barbour. A tendency sprang up during the 16th century, under Renascence influence, to use the true interroga­ tive who as relative, either in the form wfla or quha. But the true form 'at has never dropped out of popular speech. It must have seemed to Burns beneath the dignity of literature. Some of his lines, however, would look less irregular or obscure if it were taken into account. A case in point is the Kilmarnock edition of Lapraik :- "I've scarce heard ought ('at) describ'd sae weel, What gen'rous, manly bosoms feel." The Commonplace Book MSS. has the unsatisfactory pleas'd. Scott Douglas gives this as a variation without note or comment. Another case is in Tam o' Shanter-- "Or like the snow, falls on the river." Scott Douglas has- "Or like the snow falls in the river, A moment white-then melts forever." He adds the grammatical note-"In author's edition, and in all the MSS., the substantive snow stands quite apart from and governs the verb falls. Between these words there is an under­ stood ellipse of the relative that or which. Chambers prints in a way that is pleasing enough- 'Or like the snowfall in the river,' but we suspect that Burns would have preferred snowflake to snowfall had he intended this mode of expression." Mr. Henley is here gratuitously sarcastic over Scott Douglas's presuming to know what the poet would have preferred to 26 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS

say if he had only known how to say it. Chambers coolly drops the s in snowfalls, simply because melts follows, while his emendation equally recognises an omitted relative. The Kilmarnock MSS. has a comma after snow, which, if the poet's, precludes the compound snowfalls. There is no getting over the explanation which Scott Douglas gives namely, that there is an omitted relative. Possibly the popular relative, supple­ mented by the trilled letter, is accountable for the limping line in Dainty Davie:- "I flee to her arms ('at) I loe best," which Scott Douglas prints as Thomson edited it­ "I flee to her arms I loe the best." A reference to the old relative 'at leads Dr. Murray to condemn Scots wha hae as fancy Scots. Barbour would have said Scottis at hes, Dunbar quhilkis hes, Charteris (end of 16th century) quha hes. Burns generally prefers hae to the more idiomatic hes. By his day who had so usurped the functions of the relative in literary speech that its appearance in Scots wha hae seemed legitimate. In his prose he, with less reason, some­ times uses who in places where that would be better English. Burns found the vernacular pronoun in the first person too great a departure from the conventional to adopt it. When unemphatic, it is simply a very light a, for which Burns always writes I. In common with Shakespeare and the vernacular, he often regards the pronoun as a quasi proper noun. Thus he writes, "Like you and I." And again, "Her that is to be my love come after me and maw thee;" "Him at Agincourt few better were or braver." In the same way Barrie has caught from popular speech both this and the relative in 'at-"The lad Wilkie; him 'at's mither marriet on Sam'l Duthie's wife's brither." "The dog 'at yts leg wuz run owre" is a good example of this relative in the possessive, and peculiarly Scotch. In demonstratives Burns has nothing of the quite idiomatic thon, but uses thir and {/lae, the northern plurals of this and that- "Thae curst horse-leeches o' the Excise;" and "In thae auld times they thought the moon, Just like a sark or pair o' shoon, Woor by degrees, till her last roon, Gaed past their viewin, An' shortly after she was dune They gat a new ane." Again he has- "Thir breeks o' mine, my only pair." 27 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS these and Generally, however, he uses the quite unidiomatic those, for example, "And when those legs to guid, warm kail, Wi' welcome canna bear me." Scots ane in His indefinite article is a or ae, never the fancy anything like "ye "ane king." Needless to say he never has aulde boke shop." some The only inflection of the noun-the plural-presents horse, and the peculiarities. He keeps the Northern ky, een, like- "Altho my bed were in yon muir And horse and servants waiting ready." national in addition, he cannot escape the peculiarly But, to say for the plural point of view. The Scot likes partiality to treat wi' you," "murnins." Burns has no occasion "friens usage, but "the healsome porritch" as a plural, the vernacular butter, instead of in Halloween his footnote has "Sowens with It is not the to them is always the Halloween supper." milk, bellows-es. s that deceives here, for bellows has in the plural (to adapt a Currie shows curiously his own Scotticismus of the second German expression) in correcting the prose but Currie, Commonplace.J3ook. Burns wrote acquaintances, actually made it thinking Burns here guilty of a Scottish idiom in Scotch is into one by correcting to acquaintance, which so even in "Should treated as a plural. [It is well to interpret it to the faux-pas auld acquaintance be forgot?"] This is nothing wrote in the first of Scott Douglas, however. In lApraik Bums Commonplace Book- "But by your leaves, my learned foes, Ye're maybe wrang," corrects is characteristically Scotch. His editor, however, which 'by your and explains-"At close of verse lOth the expression reads 'by your leave' in all the author's editions, inadvertently intention here.'' leaves.' The plural of leaf is not the poet's It is worth This is certainly wonderful naivete in a critic. (Kilmarnock and noticing that both the author's editions 1787) have "by your leaves," but the punctuation Edinburgh, the fact. or arrangement adopted by the editor here disguises to be given to I have shown that answers aff loof are not adduced points to the queries I have raised. Yet the evidence of the MSS. has definite enough conclusions. Close scrutiny 28 THE LITERARY ART OF ROBERT BURNS been to me a revelation, though I had thought I knew Burns my fairly well. It has shown me how near we losing were to him as a master of the vernacular and poet of the national life and feeling, and how often his English models led him away from the genuine dialect. Much more on the same lines as the foregoing, directed to the poet's versification generally, to his and characteristic diction in its meaning as well as form­ untrodden ground-would give a more favourable answer to the question-Was his ear familiar with the spoken Still dialect? other queries arise. Does textual criticism help determine us to the comparative value of various readings, to restore the rejected and modify the accepted, to lighten up the obscure and emphasise the clear? No wonder the editors have hesitated to tackle such a formidable task. Must we wait variorum till the Burns, like the Shakespeare, come to us from America, and another Irish professor, like Professor Dowden, give adequate treatment to the Mind and Art of Burns?

NoTE.-On p. 24, in the discussion of a various reading (Tam o' Shanter), the reference is to the old edition of Chambers. edition (4 vols., The last 1897) is substantially a new work, edited in a thorough and scholarly fashion by Mr. William Wallace. In the passage under discussion he has restored the original reading,- "Or like the snow falls in the river," and recognised the omission of the relative.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are indebted to Mr. A. M. Donaldson of Vancouver lending for us a bound copy of "The Literary Art of Robert Burns" by James Colville, M.A., D.Sc., which, he writes, "came hands into my recently." He adds that Professor J. DeLancey Ferguson to whom he showed the booklet was "greatly impressed" contents. by its Mr. Donaldson is, of course, no stranger to readers of the Burns Chronicle, as articles from his pen have appeared in past numbers. JOHN WALTER OLIVER, M.A., D.LITT., F.E.I.S. AN APPRECIATION

By JANE BURGOYNE

By the death of Dr. John W. Oliver on 27th March, 1957, Scotland lost one of her most brilliant and devoted sons, a man whose wide interests had brought him into close contact with every side of Scottish life and letters and whose attrac­ tive personality had endeared him to a host of friends and admirers. His profound scholarship, his modest bearing, his infectious good nature and his keen sense of humour, com­ bined with his constant willingness to put his gifts at the service of the community, had given him a unique quality which made the shock of his sudden passing all the more deeply felt. Born in Edinburgh in 1893, of good Scottish stock, with maternal roots in the Crawford district of Lanarkshire, he was educated at George Heriot's School and Edinburgh University. His studies were interrupted by the first world war, when he exchanged Professor Saintsbury's lecture-room for the battle­ fields of Gallipoli and France. Twice wounded and left with physical scars that he was to bear for life, he emerged from the conflict with a mind enriched, with a maturer knowledge of his fellow-men, a tolerance for their varied viewpoints and their idiosyncrasies, and an unshakable belief in their funda­ mental goodness. This optimism shone through all his actions. As a former colleague wrote to the sister with whom John had had such a beautiful partnership: "Dr. Oliver was one of the band, too few, perhaps, in number, who tend to restore worn faiths in humanity." Returning to the University, where another remarkable man, Professor Grierson, now occupied the Chair of English Literature, Dr. Oliver finished his course with a First Class Honours degree in English, following this up with a thesis on the eccentric William Beckford (1760-1844), which gained him his D.Litt. Published in 1932 as a full-length biography of Beckford, this study is considered a standard work on the subject. After training at Moray House, Dr. Oliver was appointed to Daniel Stewart's College, where for twenty years he strove 30 JOHN WALTER OLIVER, M.A., D.LITT.• F.E.I.S. with marked success to teach his boys not only to write good English but also to recognise and appreciate the beauties of literature, at the same time encouraging them to express them­ selves through the dramatic and literary and debating societies. Many of his old pupils recall these years with gratitude. In 1942 he was appointed Principal Lecturer in English at Moray House Training College, a post which he held at the time of his death. Here his sphere of influence was greatly widened and was carried by his students into many a class­ room throughout Scotland. An acknowledged authority on eighteenth-century literature, on particularly intimate terms with Johnson and his circle, writing an easy, delightful English prose himself (as can be seen, for instance, in the Preface to "A Scots Anthology"), he was first and foremost a Scot: than that he "knew nae higher praise." Steeped from childhood in Scottish poetry-here it was his mother's influence that made itself felt-he became known as a connoisseur of the old Scots ballads and songs, with a special fund of knowledge about Ramsay, Fergusson, Burns and Scott. Indefatigable in his efforts to reveal and pass on the glories of our literary heri­ tage, he carried in his mind a rich store of quotations, which he could produce at will with striking effect. Outside the lecture-room, his patriotic fervour found expression in his energetic support of all good Scottish causes. He was a most "clubbable" man, but in the clubs and organisations to which he belonged he did not merely seek relaxation and the benefits of fellowship-he was always ready to play a responsible part in them and to give generously of his time and talents. He was, for example, a Past-President of the Burns Federation, Chairman of Scottish P.E.N., Chairman of the Edinburgh branch of the Saltire Society, an active member of the Cock­ burn Association, a Group Scoutmaster, an Elder of the Kirk, on various committees connected with the training of youth, and a member of the Broadcasting Council for Scotland-in a word, any movement that affected the well-being of Scotland or the amenity of his beloved Edinburgh was assured of his support, through his pen or his voice in the lecture-room or on the radio. He edited Scots classics for the Saltire Society and collaborated in editing the works of Allan Ramsay for the Scottish Text Society. He collaborated in producing Scot­ tish history books and "A Scots Anthology" of poetry. He was involved in the compilation of the "Scots Readers" spon­ sored by the Burns Federation. He was constantly engaged in writing prefaces, historical notes, scripts: we think of the "Edinburgh 'Fancy," that fine native item on the Festival JOHN WALTER OLIVER, M.A., D.LITT .. , F.E.I.S. 31 programme; of the pageant at Moray House; of the delightful poetry readings arranged by him during the Festivals, which covered Scots poetry from its beginnings to the present day. It was probably through his Burns work that he was best known to the general public. The most obscure Club was made as free of his knowledge as the most distinguished at home or over the Border. His easy, unaffected manner made him a welcome guest wherever he went. To those who knew him only through his literary work, the references to his Church and Scouting activities must have come as a surprise. We have it on good authority that the whole Oliver' family played a leading part in establishing Scouting in Edinburgh. Dr. Oliver was a Group Scoutmaster; his sister is Assistant County 'Commissioner for Handicapped Scouts. In Scouting he saw a pleasant way of teaching boys integrity of conduct, good citizenship and the value of the healthy mind in the healthy body. Even here his national bias showed itself: in arranging a camp-fire sing-song, he would find material in the old Scots songs or write amusing lines in the Doric to familiar tunes, for he was a skilled ver­ sifier with "routh o' rhymes" at his command and the voice to sing them when they were strung together. Indeed, his friends will always associate his memory with music and laughter. Among his masterpieces were "The Lum Hat Wantin' the Croon," "The Pawky Duke" and "The Tinker's Waddin, 01" His friends knew, too, that he was a man whose life was rooted in Christian principles and whose inward vision saw beyond the things of this world. He took an active part in every branch of Church work, at various times acting as Session Clerk, Elder, Sunday School teacher and leader of the Bible Class, and participated in the recent movements to fur­ ther the life of the Church. In connection with his Youth work, he wrote a valuable booklet, "Man's Chief End," deal­ ing with religious teaching in schools. One of his favourite allegories was Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress," one of his favourite hymns "Who would true valour see, let him come hither." It was undoubtedly this spiritual attitude which made it natural for him to "walk with kings (and queens I) and keep the common touch." There is a delightful story of an old man at Crawford being shown a newspaper picture of Dr. Oliver receiving Queen Elizabeth, now the Queen Mother, at Gladstone's Land: on being asked if he knew who that was, 32 JOHN WALTER OLIVER, M.A., D.LITT., F.E.I.S.

the old body replied that he "kenn'd fine it was John Oliver, but wha was the wumman wi' him?" Edel sei der Mensch, hilfreich und gut. Man, declared Goethe, should strive to be noble, helpful, good and kind. If ever a man fulfilled that ideal it was John ~Oliver. Like Chaucer's beau ideal of knighthood, he was "a worthy man" who from the beginning loved "truth and honour, freedom and courtesy." Scholar and teacher, patriotic, public-ininded Scot, devout Christian, devoted brother, loyal mend, whose warm­ hearted companionship enriched the lives of all around him, he was indeed one of whom it could be said : "He was a man, take him for all in all, we shall not look upon his like again."

BOOK REVIEW

THE CHRONICLES OF THE CALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF LoNDON, 1952-56. (Published at the Headquarters of the Caledonian Society of London.) With this illustrated volume, the Caledonian Society of London makes another noteworthy addition to its records. The book is so beautifully produced, both paper and binding being of high quality, that it must be a source of tremendous satisfaction to its editor, Mr. William Will, C.B.E., Honorary Historian of the Society and an Honorary President of the Burns Federation. In the period under review, the proceedings of the Society are again reported in full. We find, for example, that General Sir Hubert Gough, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., spoke about the Scot in the British Army; Mr. Duncan Mcintyre discussed the Scot and the Drama; Col. A. Gomme-Duncan, M.C., M.P., gave an address on Scots folk-lore; and Mr. Ian Hunter, M.B.E., told the story of the Edinburgh Festival from its beginnings. It is impossible, in a short notice, to mention all the speakers and their subjects, but, even in cold print, their addresses still make good reading. Altogether, these "Chronicles" hold an appeal far beyond the membership of the Caledonian Society of London, and we are indebted to Mr. W. M. Miller, the Honorary Secretary, for sending us this latest issue. SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY 4.-A. V. STUART

By MARION LOCHHEAD

"The world that knows me, in its careless fashion Calling me friend, hears but my trivial speech."

-so Alice Stuart has spoken in the epilogue to her first book of poems, "The Far Calling." Her unknown audience of readers know her better, for-

"The sacred dreams that will scarcely rise and flutter Shy wings of speech when the soul is most alone See, in this volume I have dared to utter. How I must love you, you I have never known, In my large impulse making you thus free Of thoughts my dearest never guess in me."

It utters the paradox of that poetical expression of what the outer and worldly seH withholds; and it shows, this epilogue, something of the quality of the poet's work : a controlled passion, a reticence which is like a clear crystal enclosing a jewel. The inner life of a poet is the one that matters; the facts that build the outer structure may be given briefly. Alice Stuart was born in Rangoon, where her father, John Stuart, was managing proprietor of The Rangoon Gazette. The talent which flowers so exquisitely in her was not lacking in him; besides his journalism he wrote a clear and scholarly account of "Burma Through the Ages"; and the love of books and learning was part of her background. She had one sister who died in childhood and whom she has commemorated in that tenderest of poems "Christmas Carol"* in which the little sister's singing of the hymn "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear" is interwoven with the pattern of the verse:-

*Published in The Stewarts, 1953. c 34 SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY "Yet I never heard The mounting sweetness of that childish treble. Only in fancy, from what my elders told me Of the carol she learnt the year before she died, I hear her singing, .singing about the house : 'The world in solemn stillness lay To hear the angels sing I' "

To hear Alice Stuart recite this, with Jean Dalgleish singing the interpolated hymn lines is a true Christmas joy. Alice herself was brought home as a child, and went to school in Edinburgh, to St. Hilda's; thence to Somerville College, Oxford, where she took a First in English. She has taught in various schools and also privately; during the war she taught the English language to foreign students at Polish House, under the auspices of the British Council. She was one of the founder-editors of The New Athenian Broad­ sheets, which had a brief but honourable career from 1947 to 1951, and has been a Vice-Chairman of the Edinburgh branch of the Scottish Association for the Speaking of Verse. Her own speaking, in that limpid and mellifluous voice of hers which, without affectation, lends the utmost value to the beauty of words and rhythm, has given delight to the S.A.S.V. and to many kindred Clubs and Societies; it has brought her the honorary membership of the Society of Teachers of Speech and Drama.

Alice Stuart has published two volumes : The Far Calling (in 1944, under the auspices of the Poetry Lovers' Fellowship) and The Dark Tarn (George· Ronald, Oxford, 1953); has appeared in such anthologies as The Best Poems of 1935- selected by Thomas Moult, and Scottish Verse, 1851-1951, compiled by Douglas Young; and has contributed to the Burns Chronicle, to the New Athenian Broadsheets, and to The Poetry Review. In the last-named she won the Lilian Bowes­ Lyon Award for 1955 with her poem "The Door Between" (to be quoted later). A fine linguist, with a sensitive poet's ear, she has made translations from French and German which match, for grace, her own poems and truly render the form and spirit of their originals. If one poem were to be chosen that expresses her creed, and contains the substance of all her work, it might be this, from her first book:- SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY 35 "O troubled heart, be still : So may some shape of beauty, leaning over, In thy dim depths its shadowy self discover; And pause, sweet fugitive, Tranced with its own reflection, with the dower Of ivory loveliness until that hour Ne'er to its gaze vouchsafed: 0 heart, 0 heart, Be very still, lest the shy thing should start At the water's slightest tremor, and turn and flee Deep in the forests of its mystery. . . . So may lean, Narcissus-like, over thy heart's serene Beauty bewitched to an immortal blossom, .. And the world love thee for that faithful bosom That holds it fixM there ..."

This is Wordsworth's "emotion recollected in tranquility"; it is the recognition that countless poets, seers and mystics have made of the need for stillness, for silence, for listening to God's word:- "Be still and know that I am God." The word may be of holiness, or of comfort, of the Will of God or of the beauty He has made. Much of Alice Stuart's poetry is directly religious: her Christmas poems, and "The Conquering Sign," "Early Epiphany," "Scottish Communion," "Voice of the Vesper Bell" are instances; but it is all permeated and illumined by Christian devotion. It is at once reverent and reticent. "The Door Between" speaks, with such reverence and with expec­ tation, of the relation between the quick and the dead, the mourner and the mourned; it is for us to endure solitude until memory quickens into an awareness of their nearness who are themselves so near, now, to God:-

"Leave the door ajar For the dead to enter. They are not so far But that they sometimes tum aside to say A word of greeting on their star-led way. Keep your heart still In patience and in pain. Seek not to fill With too much clamour your too empty life. They cannot reach you through the noisy strife. 36 SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY But if you dare to own Grief's solitude, willing to sit alone In meek endurance, there will come an hour When the still room blooms sweetly as a flower With the vanished presence . . . Better your grief, And this rare moment's exquisite relief Of recognition, than with busy din Of exigent life to close the door between." She is not, however, solely an elegiac poet; there is gaiety in her verse: humour, tipped at times with satire-very delicately, only a prick-point. This is deliciously apparent in her "Egotist and Egoist" (first published in Punch):-

"Once I had a friend Who collected words As other people collect Butterflies or coins . . . She it was who taught me Once and for all the difference Between egotist and egoist. 'A cat, you see' (said she, Sitting there serene, Her grey hair smoothly braided Above the impersonal eyes)- ' A cat is an egoist; But a dog-a dog-an egotist.' "

A comparison follows between the dog's exuberance: - "Look! I have found a rabbit, Yip I Yip ! Yip I How clever I ... This is my house, I made it, I guard the folk within it, Who but for me would perish," and the cat's aloofness:­ "Distinguished, Remote, calm, self-sufficient," with her "inscrutable, small wisdom" that will not share mere human interests, and is above and beyond making any clamour for attention. It is a fable of human types in animal form. SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY 37 She has an instinct for the fable, for the fairy tale in which all creatures and created things have thought and speech given them. One of her happiest translations is from the French of Marie Noel, "October Fantasy,'' the tale of the marriage between a Great Wind and a Small House. The Wind took refuge one stormy evening, and the House "shut him in her calm shade ... sheltered him so tenderly"-but so masterfully-that next day "In vain October beckoned, The Great Wind could not follow him,'' and must bide at home, blowing no more gustily than will suffice to stir the hearth-fire to flame. Have novelists handled this theme in human terms-in some ninety or a hundred thousand words-to any more effect? The loveliest and most loved of all her poems of this type is, of course, "A Christmas Fable":- "What crew the cockerel On Christmas morn 7 It crew Christus natus est I Loudly Christus natus est ! Gladly Christus natus est I Christ, the Christ is born! Quando, quando? quacked the duck. When, 0 when? cried she. In hac nocte, croaked the raven, Humped upon a tree, In hac nocte, in hac nocte, This very night, quoth he. Ubi, ubi? lowed the cow, Where? she asked of them. Ubi, ubi? none could tell, Till a little lamb Baa'ed out bravely, high and clear, Bleated, Bethlehem. Joyfully the donkey's voice Answered lambkin so : Eamus I said the ass's bray, As all Christian men now say Eamus I let us go." Narrative poetry would seem to be held in little esteem nowadays, which is a pity for, even if we do not 38 SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY choose to read a novel in verse or a poetic memoir, in the manner of Browning or Tennyson, a tale can still be told or suggested with a magic beyond the reach of prose. Even history may still be written, as it was long ago, by minstrels. Of all the countless "Lives" of Mary Stuart, the romances, the apologies and the attacks, there might be selected as most truthful and discerning two poems, both by Scotswomen. One is "Alas, Poor Queen" by Marion Angus; the other, "Scotland's Rose," by Alice Stuart. "The Queen holds state in her Parliament, the fey fair Scottish Queen, She has laid aside the robes of dule she wore as the widowed Dauphine; Men say as she sits in her royal state, with the diadem on her brow, That the fairest rose in Scotland grows on the highest bough. Of what does she think as she sits serene, with the crown on her chestnut hair?" There follows the catalogue of her lovers; the luckless or the worthless, the helpless, or the doomed: - "All these will she bring to their deaths, and more, until that distant day When a sister Queen shall decree her doom in the hall of Fotheringay." But her own doom suffered, she lives immortal, unfor­ gotten:- "O Knox may storm at this monstrous rule of women within the state, And sadly may we look back on her, knowing her weary fate; But Scotland's heart, to its Stuarts still leal, broods on her even now As the fairest rose of its history that grew once on the highest bough." Again she tells one of the most loved of fairy tales, "Sleeping Beauty" (in a poem given the highest honourable mention in the Greenwood Prize Competition of 1953): - "Pause, little foot, on the turret stair ••." SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY 39

Yet again there is the interpretation of a mind, far removed in time and experience from the poet's own: that of Robert Fergusson in the mad-house, the singing voice mute, the mind broken. This poem, "Lintie in a Cage," appeared in the Burns Chronicle four years ago. Fergusson's attendant speaks, in pitiful wonder:-

"Yon is the laddie lo'ed to daunder far ..."

There is gentleness in his meditation over his charge. Gentleness, too-a quality rarely found in modern poetry­ informs the long poem, "The Patchwork Quilt," where an old woman, dying, touches the gay quilt that covers her and in every patch finds a memory; and gentleness is in a recent poem (published in The Scotsman)-"Cummie on Halkerside" -in which R. L. Stevenson's "second mother" and tender nurse climbs Halkerside at his bidding, to sprinkle well-water on the turf and say a prayer for him-ill, and far away over the Border. This, like the "Lintie," is in a Scots so couthy and so lilting that we would hear more of it from the poet.

Her subjects are varied; her technique subtle, skilful, at times intricate to the practised eye, yet so deft that there is always a rhyme or a song that he who runs may read. But for the essence of her art we must read and re-read her poems of nature and of devotion. Wordsworth has helped, largely, to form her talent, for though there is nothing of his diction in her style, his influence informs her work. She sees the beauty of this earth as type and shadow of that Eternal, Unchanging Beauty which men seek always, and which the poets and saints and mystics have taught them to find in God.

In poems like "The Crown of the Year" and "The Pensive Autumn" we find the poet's serenity. There is, too, the sense of doom, the foreseeing of that night of death which to the pagan was unending. "The Dark Tam" of sleep is the image of that end:-

"Slipping my self As a bather strips his clothes, Nightly I plunge Into the dark tarn, the lone, Ebon, glassy, deep, Sunk beneath cliffs of sleep. 40 SCOTS POETS OF TO-DAY ..• Some day, ah, some day As yet outwith my ken, I shall sink to unplumbed deeps Beyond dredging net of men, From that underwater world of timeless sleep, Never to rise, Never to rise to upper day again."

Yet the end is not there. Faith bas its memorials, its assurance of immortality. Prayer rings like a clear bell through the ages of man's journeying : -

"Though the clear bell tone Trembles to silence, Still does its prayer Deep in the heart of hearts Ever reverberate, Sounding, resounding 0 mater Dei: memento mei.

Thus speaks the vesper bell Sweeter than tongue can tell."

No poet can escape "the sense of tears in mortal things" or the shadow from the valley of death that falls athwart the bright landscape; but in this poetry the unending light of God is discerned beyond both the beauty and the desolation of earth.

£580 FOR KILMARNOCK EDITION

A copy of the Kilmarnock Edition of Burns's poems, pub­ lished in 1786, was sold for £580 at Sotheby's on 15th July, 1957. On the fly-leaf was written: "Andrew Crawford Wright, Dairy, 1820." THE BACHELORS' CLUB, TARBOLTON WHERE BURNS WAS MADE A MASON.

One of the most interesting properties acquired for the nation by the National Trust for Scotland is the Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton, on account of its associations with Robert Burns. It was here he formed the Bachelors' Club, believed to be one of the first rural debating societies in Scotland, and was elected its first President on Hallowe'en, 1780. Here also he was made a mason in Lodge St. David's on 4th July, 1781, and on lst October of the same year he travelled from Irvine to Tarbolton to be "passed and raised." In December, 1937, an appeal was launched by the National Trust for funds to repair the building and restore it as nearly as possible to its original condition. In this effort the Trust got valuable help from St. James's Tarbolton Masonic Lodge, the Tarbolton Farmers' Society, Tarbolton Women's Rural Institute and Tarbolton Literary Society. The restoration was just completed when war broke out in 1939 and the building was requisitioned by the Army. After the war it was again restored and was officially opened on 6th October, 1951, by Mr. J. C. Stormonth Darling, Secretary of the National Trust. Since then the Bachelors' Club Committee, to whom the National Trust has delegated th~ care of the building, have been busy improving the outside amenities of the building and re-thatching the roof. Now they have also got together in the Museum an interesting collection of facsimiles of letters, poems and photographs all pertaining to the Lochlie period of Burns, and have published brochures, one of which has an historical note on the building, and a catalogue of the exhibits. Another gives the rules, regulations and proceedings of the original Bachelors' Club as drawn up by Burns, and the third gives an account of Burns's connection with the Masonic Lodges in Tarbolton. One of the three cases in the Museum was gifted by the Trustees of the Bums Cottage, Alloway. The other cases and all the exhibits were presented to the Bachelors' Club by the Hon. President, Mr. John McVie, O.B.E. 42 THE BACHELORS' CLUB, TARBOLTON

The exhibits are arranged in sections relating to Lochlie, Tarbolton, David Sillar, John Wilson (Dr. Hornbook), Dr. John McKenzie, "Saunders" Tait, and so on. They include fac­ similes of letters and poems in the handwriting of Burns, and letters in the handwriting of William Burnes, the poet's father, and Robert Burness, the poet's uncle, all written at Lochlie. Among the other exhibits may be mentioned the Decree Arbitral dated 16th August, 1783, by John Hamilton of Sun­ d.rum, regarding the rent due by William Burnes to David McClure. McClure claimed that he was due £500 for the rent of Lochlie. The arbiter found that he was only due £231 2s. 8d., which William Burnes consigned in bank till the Court of Session should decide, in an action of multiplepoinding, to which of McClure's creditors it was to be paid. There is also a copy of the .process, Wilson (Dr. Hombook) v. The Heritors of the Parish of Tarbolton, regarding his dis­ missal as schoolmaster (1791-93)-from the original in Register House, Edinburgh. Another exhibit is a bond of annuity by the Earl of Eglinton to Dr. John McKenzie, dated 19th January, 1801, undertaking to pay Dr. McKenzie a free life annuity of £130 sterling on condition that Dr. McKenzie removed from Mauch­ line to Irvine and gave his professional advice and assistance to the Earl of Eglinton and his family; this is a facsimile of the original document in Register House. Dr. McKenzie, like David Sillar, removed to Irvine, and they were both mainly responsible for forming the ~e Burns Club in 1826. The brochures are on sale in the Club at a nominal price, or may also be had on application to the Secretary, Mr Charles H. Garven, West Port, Tarbolton. "THE THREE ROBERTS" Robert Fergusson, 1750-74; Robert Burns, 1759-96; and Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-94. By WILLIAM L. MORREN parents, was Robert Fergusson, the son of Aberdeenshire Cap and Feather born in Edinburgh on 5th September, 1750, in the High Street Close, off Halkerston's Wynd, an old part of was built. He which was removed when the North Bridge whose laureate was brought up in the heart of the old town he became. clubs and the Edinburgh in those days was a city of social that he entered records that remain of Fergusson's life show with Verse, with spirit into the half-Bohemian life associated in his turn, and set a standard for the great poet who, succeeded him. in the tradi­ Unlike Ramsay and Burns, Fergusson is not poems and tion of the ballad-writers; he wrote no narrative pleasure in the no songs. Some of his Nature pieces show most at home in country life and an accurate eye, but he is the town. vividly alive The scene of "Leith Races," for example, is of Arms, the with its tinkers and tradesfolk, the Lyon King and the town Buchan fisher-folk speaking in their own dialect, accents. He guard, "that black banditti," with their Highland kind and, in is at his best in humorous descriptions of this Bums. He was vituperative use of the vernacular, often rivals with a varied a member of the Cape Club, where he mixed Raebum, and company, including the painters, Runciman and the antiquaries, David Herd and James Cummyng. Glimpses of their jovial evenings-

"While round they gar the bicker roll To weet their mouth"

sure that his wit are frequent in his poems, and we may feel made him a popular figure in this tavern life. Daft Days," published on 2nd January, 1772, In "The on the Fergusson wrote in Scots, vigorously and amusingly, 44 "THE THREE ROBERTS" Edinburgh life he knew, and his readers must have realised that a successor to Allan Ramsay had arrived. In the poems that followed during the next two years, he revived the tradition Scots of Burns. Readers of these poems will frequently come across words and phrases which recall the works Burns, of and will find a comparison of "The Farmer's Ingle" with "The Cottar's Saturday Night," and of "Leith Races" with "The Holy Mair," indicative of the debt which Burns generously acknowledged to his young predecessor. Robert Fergusson was not of a strong constitution 1774, and, in suffered a breakdown which appears to have taken form the of a religious melancholy. He recovered, but relapse had a and died miserably in the Darien House, the Edinburgh bedlam, on 16th October, 1774. Posterity has remembered Robert Fergusson as the poet without whom Robert Bums might never have written as he did, and his countrymen, with characteristic instinct, chosen have a single material fact with which to link the names. two This is the erection, at Burns's charge, of the stone head­ which marks the spot where Fergusson was buried the cemetery in of the Canongate Church, Edinburgh, on October, 19th 1774. The emotion whioh was a prelude to this tribute by Burns to his "elder brother in misfortune" often is less recalled, perhaps because such a manifestation of is feeling popularly supposed to be less characteristically Scottish. We are told that, when Bums visited Fergusson's grave November, in 1786, almost as soon as he had set foot in burgh, Edin­ he knelt down and with uncovered head and passionate tears kissed the sod that covered the "revered ashes." What was there in Fergusson's story which made such an over­ whelming homage almost rational?

There was, first and foremost, the poetry at which genius Burns's had quickened. Burns was never tired of acknowledg­ ing his indebtedness to Fergusson. The Edinburgh poet no was innovator, but no one else quite so gifted had appeared demonstrate to that the auld Scots tongue was still valid as a means of literary expression. There had, of course, been Allan Ramsay, but Ramsay had been in his grave for nearly thirty years, and, when he died, there seemed a real danger that not only might the vernacular disappear as a written tongue, but that the very feeling for Scotland as a nation might perish also. "THE THREE ROBERTS" 45 Since Allan's death, naebody cared For aince to speir hoo Scota fared; Nor plack nor thristled turner wared To quench her drouth; For, frae the cottar to the laird, We a' run South.

The death of Fergusson at the age of twenty-four was felt all the more profoundly by Bums, because it coincided with hopes unrealised, which, had they been fulfilled, would have redounded to the glory of Scottish poetry. It was for him to realise those hopes in himself. Burns must have learned, too, from those who had known the poet, of the pathos in which Fergusson's life had closed, twelve years before. They would have told him of those last terrible scenes in the Schelles at the West Bow, Bristo Port; of the cry which the poet uttered when he discovered the ruse which had been employed to convey him to that local "Bedlam"; of the demand, after a cloud had passed over the book he had been reading by moonlight, that Jupiter should "snuff the moon"; of the plaited circlet of straws from his cell floor with which he had crowned himself king, the lucid inter­ vals during which he received his guests from the Cape Club, and the final parting from mother and sister on that damp October evening. Grosart, quoting the narrative of his first biographer, records the parting thus: "He looked wistfully at his mother, and said: 'Oh, mother, this is kind indeed'; but again com­ plained that his feet were 'cold, cold.' Turning to his sister, he asked: 'Might you not frequently come and sit by me thus-you cannot imagine how comfortable it would be-you might fetch your seam and sew beside me.' An interval of silence was filled up with sobs and tears. 'What ails ye? Wherefore sorrow for me?' he said. 'I am very well cared for here. I do assure you I want for nothing, but it is cold-it i'> very cold.' Again he said: 'You know I told you it would come to this at last; yes, I told you.' The keeper gave a signal for retirement, and his mother and sister rising, he cried: 'Oh, do not go yet, mother! I hope to be soon--oh, do not go yet-do not leave me.' "But the allotted time was up, and they had to pass out. They parted; and in the silence and darkness of that same night, alone with The Alone, he died.'' 46 "THE THREE ROBERTS" The life which ended so tragically had begun in fun and frolic and in brilliant academic promise. His parents-his father, who had been managing-clerk in the linen department of the British Linen Bank, had written satirical verse--had been poor, though on both sides there were strains of gentility. William Fergusson and his wife had come to Edinburgh from Aberdeenshire shortly after the "Forty-Five," and had sent their son, a delicate boy, to a school in Niddry's W:Ynd. From there he had gone to the Royal High School, but, while here, he secured a Fergusson of Strathmartine bursary at Dundee Grammar School, which entitled him, if deserving, to proceed to St. Andrews University. The intention was that he should enter the Church, but, after his father's sudden death, he was forced to leave St. Andrews and become a copying clerk in the Commissary Office in Edinburgh. Even when he was at the High School he was writing verse, i~ the translation of one of Horace's Odes, "written in a very boyish hand," belongs, as it seems, to this period. This is in Scots which he appears afterwards to have abandoned, until, in 1772, he began with "The Daft Days," that series of poems which are his title to fame. For too long he had dissipated his talent upon specious English verse, and though there are pieces among the English poems not without a certain merit, the decision of Fergusson's editors to reprint again and again the Scots poems and leave the English verse severely alone, is undoubtedly justified. In his capable and individual memoir of the poet in the "Famous Scots" series, the Rev. Dr. A. B. Grosart has drawn a parallel between the poetry of Fergusson and that of Burns. The dissimilarities are less frequently stressed. It seems to me that Fergusson belongs to another and an earlier age than Burns, though born little more than eight years before him,. He is a child of the eighteenth century far more than Bums, in whom a new period of poetic vigour may be seen dawning. The new age and the old were sharply divided by one of the most salient events of this or any period of history. Between the death of Fergusson and Bums's first Edinburgh visit, events in France were shaping towards their fateful end. Three years later the Bastille was levelled to the ground. Among the first pieces of his University days-which sur­ vive-is a rather irreverent elegy modelled inevitably after "Habbie Simpson" on Professor David Gregory, who died on 13th August, 1765:- "THE THREE ROBERTS" 47 "He could, by Euclid, prove lang syne., A gangin point composed a line; By numbers too, he could divine, When he did read, That three times three just made up nine, But now he's deid."

Reminiscent of these years is also his "Elegy on John Hogg," late porter to the University of St. Andrews:-

"Ah I Johnie! often did I grumble, Frae cozie bed, fu' ear' to tumble, When art and part, I'd been in some ill Troth I was sweer: His word then brodit like a wumel Frae ear to ear."

In February, 1771, he commenced with "the Daft Days," the series of contributions to Vernacular Verse, which, to use the words of R. L. Stevenson, were to be "the models of great things to come"-to come, however, by Burns, not Fergusson. Fergusson's humour is seldom broad or boisterous, but, like that of Stevenson-who" recognised a mental kinship with him--quiet, dry and insinuative, and part and parcel of him­ self. Moreover, like Stevenson, he had a cunning sense of style, and here his influence is very manifest on Burns, who, time and again, echoes not merely his sentiments but also his phraseology. In the bitterness deriving from that class hatred which we can detect in Burns may be felt the atmosphere of the times which produc:ed the French Revolution. This kind of bitter­ ness is absent from Fergusson. If in "Good Eating" he cen­ sures "the officious drawer, bending low," for being "passive to a fault," the feeling is national rather than political. Fergusson is content to paint pictures of town and country, as full of vivid humanity as the canvases of Jan Steen, and without a trace of reflection upon the wrongs inflicted upon the under-dog. Take this from ••Auld Reikie" : -

"Now night, that's cunzied chief for fun, Is wi' her usual rites begun; Thro' ilka gate the torches blaze, And globes send out their blinking rays. 48 "THE THREE ROBERTS" The usefu' cadie plies in street, To bide the profits o' his feet ... Near him, the lazy chairman stands, And wats na how to turn his hands, Till some daft birky, rantin' fu', Has matters somewhere else to do; The chairman willing gi'es his light To deeds o' darkness and o' night."

Or take this companion picture of eighteenth-century Edin­ burgh from the same poem : -

"Now morn, with bonny purpie-smiles, Kisses the air-cock o' St. Giles; Rakin' their e'en, the servant lasses Early begin their lies and clashes; Ilk tells her friend of saddest distress, That still she brooks frae scouling mistress; And wi' her joe in turnpike stir She'd rather snuff the stinking air, As be subjected to her tongue, When justly censur'd in the wrong."

In these extracts, as in the whole poem, there is no hint of political wrongs to be righted, nothing but good, honest painting of the scene. So, too, in "Leith Races" and "Hallow-Fair," with their lilting air which takes us back to the author of "Christ's Kirk on the Green" (but with what freshness of expression I), the ills of mankind are traceable to their own follies rather than to the crimes of others. There is satire in plenty in Fergusson, but it is perhaps too good-natured to be wholly effective. The poet of "Braid Claith" is hardly as scathing as Burns on the subject of hypocrisy, and though he was as intolerant as Shakespeare of the fops and macaronis of his day, he was perhaps too full of the milk of human kindness to be the complete satirist. The nearest he approaches to political rancour is in "The Ghaists," that eclogue in Greyfrairs Churchyard, in which the spirits of George Watson and George Heriot discuss the ills of their native land-a subject always dear to Fergusson. Into "Jinglin' Geordie's" mouth, in the lines which begin "Black be the day that e'er to England's ground Scotland was eikit by the Union's bond," A. V. STUART (See Page 33) ------

Facsimile Copy of "Bonnie ( I .

-.

' which has just come to light e 1) The Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton, before Snowcem was applied to the walls (See Page 41) "THE THREE ROBERTS" 49 Ferguson put as strong a condemnation of the Union as had been written. In that pasage, with its legal phraseology, it is "the writer chiel" who speaks. Not only is Fergusson unlike Burns in lacking the greater poet's political bitterness, but he differs from him in another marked way. This may also be attributed to the age which produced him. It was one of the anomalies of the democratic movement that it intensified individualism. The poets of the Romantic Revival were essentially lyric poets, subjective in expression and sometimes parading their own woes to the point of nausea. Fergusson has nothing of this in him, nor has he the partiality for the lasses, perhaps allied to it, that is the mark of Burns. The note of:-

"But gie me a canny hour at e'en, My arms about my dearie O; An' warly cares, an' warly men May a' gae tapsalteerie 0 ! " was never sounded. The sonsie lass who meets the poet in the opening stanzas of "Leith Races" turns out to be merely a figurative charmer, the personification of Mirth:-

"I dwall amang the caller springs That weet the Land o' Cakes, And aften tune my canty strings At Bridals and Late-wakes; They ea' me Mirth; I ne'er was kend To grumble or look sour, But blyth wad be a life to lend, Gif we wad sey my pow'r An' pith this day."

Compared with Burns, Fergusson is an objective poet, true to the eighteenth-century pattern, and never attaining supremacy as a song writer.. To-day we stap.d at a point in our literary history at which we can appreciate this virtue in him. From the broad stand­ point of English letters, the romantic stream has gone to ground beneath the barren rocks of Eliot's "The Waste Land." Fergusson was never part of this current. His English pastorals, contributed to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, were of the conventional, artificial kind then favoured by editors, in which shepherds divided their attention between their sheep and their Delias and their Stellas. Only very occasionally, as

D 50 "THE THREE ROBERTS" in "A Tale," is there a hint in them of the content of the Scots poems. But, though the English verse is conventional and contains such neo-classicisms as "Tweeda" and "Fifan Shores," it is clear that Burns was influenced by it, though not to the extent that he was by the vernacular poems. Grosart gives many instances in which Fergusson's influence may be detected, and it is well to remember, as he rightly says, that this influence "was diffused and interfused." It is sometimes argued that Burns set excessive store by Fergusson, and that his forerunner was the poet of "Auld Reekie" and little more. It is true that Fergusson has cele­ brated the Scottish capital as no one else before or since­ not even Stevenson-has celebrated her, but he had, like Burns, that knack of epigrammatic phrasing which could give the particular a general application. Nor is his range limited by city life. He knew the country also, as "The Farmer's Ingle," the "Eclogue," written after Wilkie's death, and a few other poems are there to prove. His soul could never have been quite at ease in the cramped and congested Edinburgh of his day, bravely as he sang it. This was perhaps part of his tragedy. He may have longed for a remote manse and the leisure in which to write. But he had a game spirit. For Burns, as for the St. Andrews janitor, who described him as "a tricky callant, but a fine laddie for a' that," and for the University Senatus, at whose hands he narrowly escaped expulsion, he was "the bauld an' slee," and it was this which endeared him to his fellows. This bonhomie of Fergusson's would seem to have escaped the brush of Alexander Runciman or whoever painted the romantic portrait of the poet which hangs in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. But it is to be seen in the so-called Grosart engraving. Many people find this too perky and cock­ sparrow-like to convince them, yet we cannot wholly discount its evidence. It may be that our sympathies are on the side of the romantic portrait, because we are inheritors of the romantic tradition of poetry. The Fergusson of Grosart's portrait is the Fergusson of the St. Andrews student pranks, given to "random fits o' daffin." It is the Fergusson who, occupying the precentor's desk, put up a bogus prayer for an inebriate; the Fergusson who, during a ramble in the country, played the medico at a farm-house with such a wealth of mimicry that, while his companion was shocked, he was also forced to admire; the Fergusson who, for a wager, became a street ballad-singer and sold broadsheets to the crowd; the "THE THREE ROBERTS" 51

Fergusson who was admitted to the Cape Club under the name of "Sir Precentor," and who proved himself to be what to-day we should call "a clubbable man." The picture in the National Portrait Gallery is the tragic Fergusson of the "blue-black" eyes, filled with a smouldering fire. Nevertheless, most people will prefer it, sad as it is, for it confirms the popular idea of the poet. But to sum up Fergusson as he was, we are not wholly dependent upon the artist. We have pen-pictures of his as well--prose descriptions which speak of a voice "strong, clear and melodious" in the Scots songs he loved, and of a walk "smart, erect and unaffected." The writer of the preface to the post-humous collection of his poems published in 1779 speaks of his modesty and goodness of heart, and describes how "over a friendly bowl, his wit flashed like lightning, struck the hearers irresistibly, and set the table in a roar." It is an attractive portrait, only the background of which has been sketched by Fergusson himself. A characteristic example of his insinuative humour, and his terse and picturesque vernacular, is the following extract from the "Bill of Fare" which, had he been Master of the Ceremonies, he would have prepared for the regalement of Dr. Samuel Johnson, when banqueted by St. Andrews professors : -

"Imprimis, then, a haggis fat Weel tottled in a seything pat, Wi' spice and ingans ea' d thro' Had helped to gust the stirrah's mou And plac'd itsel' in truncher clean Before the gilpy's glowrin' e'en. Secundo, then a gude sheep's heid, Wbase hide was singit, never flead, And four black trotters clad wi' girsle Bedoon his throat had learn'd to hlrsle. What think ye, neist, o' gude fat brose To clag his ribs? a dainty dose! And white and bloody puddins routh To gar the Doctor skirl o' drouth. When he cou'd never houp to merit A cordial glass o' reamin' .claret, But thraw his nose, and brize and pegh O'er a' the contents o' sma ale quegh. 52 "THE THREE ROBERTS" Then let his wisdom girn and snarl O'er a weel-toastit girdle farl, And learn that, maugre o' his wame, Ill bairns are aye best heard at hame."

But Fergusson was more than a clever wit or humorist. None but a true poet could have written the opening stanzas of "Daft Days".-

"Now mirk December's dowie face Glowers owre the rigs wi' sour grimace, While through his minimum •of space, The blear-ey'd sun, Wi' blinkin' light and stealing pace, His race doth run."

or the eerie Old Greyfrairs Kirkyard scene in "The Ghaists," or "The Lea Rig," or the opening stanzas of "The Farmer's Ingle," or the opening stanzas of "Leith Races." The early poetic models of Burns were, primarily, the old Makars and the Modern Vernacular Bards represented by Sempill, Ramsay and Fergusson. The stave of "Habbie Simpson" suggested the Elegies on "Poor Mailie," "Tam Samson" and "Captain Matthew Henderson," but Burns, besides adopting it for epistolary verse, made it the vehicle for such a variety of sentiments and emotions that it virtually became part and parcel of his poetic individuality. As a vernacular lyrist, Burns is often altogether magical and irresistible, but the strain of his enchantment is simple in the extreme. The best example of this is probably "The Jolly Beggars." Out of what seems poetic chaos he creates a nobly harmonious poetic unity, and in the realisation of his purpose he is so brilliantly, even radiantly, successful, that this blackguard carousal in the squalid Ayrshire doss-house becomes instinct with a human interest so genuine and alluring that only the very dullest can resist its spell. In his "Introduction" to Robert Louis Stevenson's "Familiar Studies of Men and Books," Ashley Sampson states that Robert Louis Stevenson wields an influence over the modern mind out of proportion to that of any nineteenth­ century essayist. To turn the pages of his "Familiar Studies" is not only to recognise the voice of a teacher who can never be out of date, but also to be in the presence of a prophet; and "THE THREE ROBERTS" 53 although prophecy is equally timeless, it may generally be said to be out of time with its own age. This is strikingly apparent in Stevenson's dislike of the melodramatic, suspicion of prudery, and almost provocative abuse of the "book with a purpose." The weight of the Sympathy in his age, as expressed by Shairp, was against Burns as a profligate whose verses were the fortunate accident of his nature, but Stevenson sees in Bums the man who strove against the "evil that he would not," and he openly rebuked Shairp for his criticism of the poet's character, which were, after all, but the common expressions of contemporary thought. So far out of sympathy was the author with the common mind that in his own Preface to "Familiar Studies" he expresses his astonishment "that any thinking being should feel otherwise." Far from blinding the facts of Burns's life, however, he experiences a contempt of those of his contemporaries who gloss them over instead of facing them, following up the whole story, and finally hanging everything upon the nobility of his marriage with Jean. One further observation may be here recorded of Stevenson's method, and particularly his method of criticism in "Familiar Studies." Men and women of all ages have been content to criticise their predecessors and contemporaries without endeavouring first to master their own souls by searching their own motives and breaking up their own pre­ judices. In this Robert Louis Stevenson stands out as an example to the world. He may have failed in his appreciation of those who did not see eye to eye with him in fundamental matters, and he may have preferred the vices of some to the virtues of others, but he never failed to see the uselessness of a criticism which, making no appeal to reason, was merely destructive of that which it resented without any attempt to construct any theory of its own. So we can trust Stevenson to give us as whole and fair a portrait of the Scottish reformer John Knox, for whose Cal­ vinistic convictions he would have possessed small sympathy as when he talks to us of Robert Bums, for whom he con­ fesses a pity amounting to respect, and through whose indis­ cretions he steers a secure passage until he lands his Ship upon the Shores of justification. After a brief introduction to his essay which he entitled "Some Aspects of Robert Burns," Stevenson pays tribute to 54 "THE THREE ROBERTS" the influences of his home and of his father on the "rantin', rovin' boy" of whom the "gossip" prophesied when she "keekit in his loof' : - "Wha lives will see the proof, This waly boy will be nae coof,- 1 think we'll ea' him Robin."

Robert Burns came, on the one side, of a family which he believed, had suffered for the Stuarts; and on the other, of undoubted Covenanting stock. The father, William Burns, was born on the Kincardine­ shire estate of Stuart of Inchbeck, who was "out" in the "Fifteen," and his great-grandfather on the mother's side was shot at Caird's Moss. Agnes Brown, the poet's mother, was an excellent house­ wife, with no pretensions to education; but it was probably from her that he inherited the lyrical gift. And Burns tells us himself that the "latent seeds of poesy" were cultivated by Betsy Davidson, an "old maid of his mother's," who was remarkable for her ignorance, credulity and superstition, but who had "the largest collection in the country of tales and songs concerning devils, ghosts, fairies, brownies, witches, warlocks, spunkies, kelpies, elf-candles, dead-lights, wraiths, apparitions, cantraips, enchanted towers, giants and other trumpery.'' In his masterly biography of the poet, Hans Hecht tells us that "Isobel Begg could remember Agnes Brown before the buffetings of fate had bent that valiant little woman's back, ir the days when her eye was dark and glowing, and the dark red of her hair gleamed above the most delicate and transparent of complexions. Her active, supple body knew no rest, and her sweet singing was heard as she went about the heavy work of the day, for she had a good voice and a wonderful stock of old and new ballads and songs, such as were current among the people. These passed on to her children in hours that were destined to be fateful to at least one of them. But, in the art of story-telling she had a rival in Betsy Davidson, who was frequently a guest in the little household at Alloway. The influence of the latter must surely have inspired Burns when he came to compose "Hallowe'en" and "Tam o' Shanter." Of "Tam o' Shanter"-which the poet himself regarded as his masterpiece-with its weird thumbnail sketches of scenes and characters, its eerie and awe­ some pictures of tempest and witchery-its many touches of "THE THREE ROBERTS" 55 both broad and sly humour-its skilful narration, its masterly use of Scots words and phrases, its breathless pace-no higher praise can be adduced than that of Sir Walter Raleigh, the eminent litterateur, who says: "This is in many ways the strongest and maturest of all his works. No masterpiece of narrative, so concise, so various, so telling, is to be found in Chaucer." What of the influence exercised by the poet's father? Burns pays his tribute in the following words!- "The pitying heart that felt for human woe, The dauntless heart that feared no human pride; The friend of Man-to vice alone a foe." Such tribute was the highest idea' Burns could form of a true man. He owed much to his father, a poor man as the world counts poor, a rich man if valued in character, inde­ pendence in thought and action, rich in a loving family, affectionate, sincere, virtuous; an intensely earnest God­ fearing character. To return to Stevenson in his observations on the Works of Burns, he states that "at the time when the poet made his appearance and great first success, his work was remarkable in two ways. First, in an age when poetry had become abstract and conventional, instead of continuing to deal with shepherds, thunderstorms and personifications, he dealt with the actual circumstances of his life, however matter-of-fact and sordid these might be. Secondly, in a time when English versification was particularly stiff, lame and feeble, and words were used with ultra-academical timidity, he wrote verses that were easy, racy, graphic and forcible, and used language with absolute tact and courage as it seemed most fit to give a clear impression. While the English language was daily becoming more pedantic and inflexible, and English letters more colour­ less and slack, there was another dialect in the sister country, and a different school of poetry tracing its descent through King James I from Chaucer. When we remember Burns's obligations to his predecessors, we must never forget his immense advances on them. Ramsay and Fergusson excelled at making a popular--or shall we say vulgar?-sort of society verses, comical and prosaic, written, you would say, in taverns while a Supper Party waited for its laureate's word; but, on the appearance of Burns, this coarse and laughing literature was touched to finer issues, and learned gravity 'Of thought and natural pathos. 56 "THE THREE ROBERTS" The dialect of Bums was fitted to deal with any subject; and whether it was a stormy night, a shepherd's collie, a sheep struggling in the snow, the conduct of cowardly soldiers in the field, the gait and cogitations of a drunk.en man, or only a village cock crow in the morning, he could find language to give it freshness, body and relief. He wrote from his own experience because it was his nature to do so, and the tradi­ tion of the school from which he proceeded was fortunately not opposed to homely subjects. But to these homely sub­ jects he communicated the rich commentary of his nature; they were all steeped in Bums; and they interest us not in themselves, but because they have been passed through the spirit of so genuine and vigorous a man. Such is the stamp of living literature; and there was never any more alive than that of Burns. What a gust of sympathy there is in him sometimes, flow­ ing out in byways hitherto unused, upon mice and flowers, and the devil himself; sometimes speaking plainly between human hearts; sometimes ringing out in exultation like a peal of bells I When we compare the "Farmer's Salutation" to his "Auld Mare Maggie"· with the clever and inhumane produc­ tion of half a century earlier, "The Auld Man's Mare's Dead," we see in a nutshell the spirit of the change introduced by Bums. And as to its manner, who that has read it can forget how the collie Luath, in the "Twa Dogs," describes and enters into the merry-making in the cottage?

"The luntin' pipe an' sneeshin' mull, Are handed round wi' richt guid will; The canny auld folks crackin' crouse, The young anes rantin' through the house­ My heart has been sae fain to see them That I for joy hae barkit wi' them." His humour comes from him in a stream so deep and easy that I will venture to call him the best of humorous poets. He turns about in the midst to utter a noble sentiment or a trenchant remark on human life, and the style changes and rises to the occasion. I think it is Principal Shairp who says, happily, that Bums would have been no Scotchman if he had not loved to moralise; neither, may we add, would he have been his father's son; but (what is worthy of note) his moralisings are to a large extent the moral of his own career. He was among the least impersonal of artists. Execpt in the "Jolly Beggars" he shows no gleam of dramatic instinct. "THE THREE ROBERTS" 57 Carlyle has complained that "Tam o' Shanter" is, from the absence of this quality, only a picturesque and external piece of work; and I may add that in the "Twa Dogs" it is pre­ cisely in the infringement of dramatic propriety that a great deal of the humour of the speeches depends for its existence and effect. Indeed, Burns was so full of this identity that it breaks forth on every page, and there is scarce an appropriate remark either in praise or blame of his own conduct, but he has put it himself into verse. Alas I for the tenor of these remarks I They are indeed his own pitiful apology for such a marred existence and talents so misused and stunted; and they seem to prove for ever how small a part is played by reason in the conduct of man's affairs. He was one, at least, who with unfailing judgment, predicted his own fate; yet his knowledge could not avail him, and with open eyes he must fulfil his tragic destiny. Then years before the end he had written his epitaph, and neither subsequent events, nor the critical eye of posterity, have shown us a word in it to alter. "The poor inhabitant below Was quick to learn and wise to know, And keenly felt the friendly glow, and softer flame; But thoughtless follies laid him low, and stain'd his name." And, lastly, has not he put in for himself the last unanswerable plea-- "Then gently scan your brother man, Still gentler sister woman, Though they may go a kennin' wrang, To step aside is human.

One point must still be greatly dark, The moving why they do it; And just as lamely can ye mark, How far perhaps they rue it."

"One point must still be greatly dark"-One? Alas! (writes Stevenson). "I fear every man and woman of us is 'greatly dark' to all their neighbours, from the day of birth until death removes them, in their greatest virtues as well as in their saddest faults; and we who have been trying to read the character of Burns may take home the lesson and be gentle in our thoughts." CHILDREN AND THE AULD SCOTS TONGUE A Schoolmistress's Experiences

By L. M. STIRLING

When I first started to teach I had the good fortune to be appointed to a school in which the pupils spoke Scots and regarded English as a foreign language. As a result I had frequently to act as interpreter for an English colleague who served as a cookery teacher in an adjacent classroom and who found questions and statements like the following some­ times •beyond her comprehension : - "Dae ye want me tae tim oot the kail?" "Dae I mak' the bree broon?" "You're needin' tae ripe the ribs." "Wull I mask the tea noo?" "My mither wants tae ken if she can cook the bubbly-jock the wey you did the rooster." Then there was the day that Kate returned to school after a day's absence. "What was wrong?" asked the teacher. "I was bidin' the nicht wi' Mary," was the answer. "And who is Mary?" asked the teacher. "Oh, she's fine," was the delighted reply from Kate, who was pleasantly surprised by the teacher's unexpected interest in her sister's weHare. Alas! these days are gone, and now I am a stranger in my own land. A new generation, nurtured on English, the radio, the cinema and television, now confronts me, a generation born of working-class parents who, following the example set by Scottish aristocrats in earlier days, have disowned the mother who bred them and become the vassals of England or the slaves of America. I have no desire to deride these countries. Each has its own heritage and traditions, of which each is justly proud, but I can find no good reason why a Scotsman should barter his birth-right and despise his mother-tongue in order to gain the petty privileges, material rewards or power offered by an alien land. Yet day and daily this is being deliberately done, has been done in fact, since that fateful day when James VI CHILDREN AND THE AULD SCOTS TONGUE 59 of Scotland, followed by self-seeking sycophants, crossed the Border into his southern kingdom. As a result, innumerable spineless Scots to-day shamelessly confess that they are unable to read or to appreciate a passage of prose or verse in the vernacular, and proudly prefer a calypso to an immortal native melody. About ten years ago I became keenly aware of this attitude when I intimated that I wished all the classes in the English department of the school where I now serve to study selections of Scottish literature. There was an immediate out-cry from teachers and pupils alike. Certain teachers were "ower gentie" to read the vulgar language of Ramsay, Fergusson, Burns and sic-like wastrels. Others candidly confessed that they could not teach a language of which they themselves were ignorant. Yet all claimed to be considered Scots. No doubt they were Scots, but so uniform and conventional, so perfectly cut to a standard English pattern with American trimmings that it was difficult to recognise them as such. Wae tae fin' them sae ill-tochered, I ettled tae fever their bluid wi' a richt guid-willie waught o' birslin' Scots and gar them be mair vaunty o' their mither-tongue. The pupils, who normally speak a mongrel patois of Scots, English and Irish leavened here and there by the addition of American slang or a B.B.C. accent, also protested at first, but in the main this was due to their inherent dislike of anything in the nature of work. One girl informed me that her mother scolded her and threatened to thrash her if she spoke Scots. I quite believed her, for I had met the said scold. Some time later, when this same pupil had learned tae use her een and lend her lugs to auld Scots saws that shone wi' waled sense, she informed me with a chuckle: "Now that my mother knows that Scots is a real language, I can say 'Ay' without even raising a tirrivee." Yes, Scots is a real language, and I made siccar that my bairns realised this as did Lord Henry Brougham (1778-1868) at one time an illustrious Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh, when he uttered the following words in his Installation Address : "The pure and -classical language of Scotland must on no account be regarded as a provincial dialect. . . . In whatever way composed, or from whatever sources arising, it is a national language, used by the whole people in their early years, by many learned and gifted persons throughout life, and in which are written the laws of the 60 CHILDREN AND THE AULD SCOTS TONGUE Scots, their judicial proceedings, their ancient history, above all, their poetry." It was through Scottish poetry and, I admit, some weel­ timed daffin that I eventually reached the hearts of my pupils and the more hardened hearts of their teachers. I began by introducing them to some old Border ballads, such as "The Wee Croodlen Doo" (a prime favourite), "Edom o' Gordon," "The Queen's Marie," and "Get Up and Bar the Door," all of which charmed them in tum with their grace, passion, pathos and humour. I then varied the proceedings by introducing them to my famous friends-Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott-by means of epidiascope lectures. These "films," as the children called them, were much enjoyed, and my friends soon became theirs too. It then became an easy matter to impress them with the beauty and the power of songs such as those written by Bums, Scott, Lady Nairne and Lady Anne Lindsay. We even began to emulate our favourite Scottish writers by attempting to parody their poems and songs. This was an unfailing source of amusement, as there was a never-ending hunt at times for a suitable rhyme. On one such occasion we had almost abandoned the chase, and I stood lost in thought, staring aimlessly across the room. The picture of Robert Bums hung on the wall facing me, and a boy, apparently pity­ ing my inadequacy, suddenly broke the painful silence by saying: "Gie it up, miss. Tell Rabbie tae come doon." The effigies of several famous Scots adorn my classroom walls, and I have talked so much and so frequently about them that I sometimes think that the children are imaginatively aware of their presence with them in the room. Having led my pupils by these devious paths back to their native land, I then confronted them with the poems prescribed by the Bums Federation and informed them that all would require to sit the examination. Again there was a threat of revolt, and I was told that the competition was voluntary. I remained adamant. "Not in this school," I replied. "It is part of your prescribed work." Glossaries and notes were issued to all the pupils, who later sat the examination without a murmur of complaint. My dictum was respected, and during the past decade has not again been questioned. Indeed, I am now frequently reminded by the children themselves of the need to prepare for the approaching examination. CHILDREN AND THE AULD SCOTS TONGUE 61 On the morning fixed for their test this year I entered the local newsagent's shop. "The Burns Federation Test is on to-day," said the lady behind the counter. Startled, I said : "How do you happen to know that?" "Oh," said she, "the bairns are a' fou o' it this mornin', askin' ane anither sae mony questions that I had a job speerin' their wants." "Did they seem quite happy about it?" I asked, with interest. "Fair ta'en on wi' themsels," was the reply. "They're a' ettlin' tae get a certificate. I've ane mysel on my wa' at hame, and I'm rale prood o' it. My lac;sie got it when she was in your class." I left the shop with a strange comforting warmth round my heart. Truly, the auld Scots proverb does· not lie: "The e'ening brings a' hame."

A BURNS DINNER AT SEA

On 27th January, 1957, a unique gathering was held on board the S.S. "Southern Cross," when, by courtesy of the Captain, Sir David Aitchison, K.C.V.0., over 200 passengers assembled in the dining room for a Burns Dinner. The twenty-seventh was chosen as a date when the vessel would be clear of ports and in the calm waters of the Indian Ocean. Mr. John S. Thomson, Bard of the Greenock Club, was in the chair. No piper could be found on board, but the leader of the ship's orchestra "fiddled" the haggis in to the festive board, where it was addressed in traditional fashion by the chairman-and a right good haggis it proved to be, served with "champit tattles and mashed neaps." The toast to the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. William Brown, Past-President of the Dunedin Burns Club. The toast to "The Lassies" was proposed by Mr. White, Belfast, and replied to by Mrs. Gilbert, London. Thereafter a pleasant evening was spent in music, song and story. Burns and kindred Clubs from Australia, New Zealand South Africa, Rhodesia, Canada, Denmark, England and Scot­ land were represented. BURNS AND GLASGOW

By GEORGE C. EMSLIE.

To write of Burns and his connection with my favourite city-Glasgow-is not easy. He visited our city seldom. Edinburgh, not Glasgow, was the magnet for him as it was for all eighteenth-century Scottish writers and Glasgow was a place which he passed through on his way there. Obviously he saw little of the place on his visits or he would have found it fascinating not only for itself but for the people who lived in it. Round 1787 and 1788 Glasgow was in a state of transi­ tion. The boom years of tobacco trading had finished twelve years before and manufactures, particularly of textiles, which had previously been a means of buying from the traders of Virginia and Carolina, were beginning to make Glasgow an industrial town in its own right. Thomas Edington had founded the Clyde Iron Works at Tollcross in 1786, and George Macintosh, with the help of Papillon, the dyer from Rouen, had started a Turkey-red dye works at Barrowfield. Macintosh's partner in this venture was David Dale-in fact, one might say that everybody's partner was David Dale I This kindly Ayrshireman was in every textile venture of any kind in those years. He was a living sign of the times-a self-made man, bustling, shrewd and far-sighted. To be the chairman of the recently-founded Glasgow Chamber of Commerce and a bailie of the city of Glasgow was a far cry from being a herd-boy in his native Stewarton. It is hardly likely that Burns in passing through Glasgow ever met Dale. He would have warmed to this humorous, generous founding father of Glasgow's greatness. Dale's like could not easily have been found in Edinburgh to which Burns was hastening but then Burns was not looking for this type of man. He was seeking the help of literary and intellectual people and, although Glasgow had many of these, they lived in far greater numbers and renown in Edinburgh. Glasgow was not destitute of scholars and writers at that time. The University in the High Street still bore an inter­ national reputation. Not many years before this Dr. Samuel Johnson had said that in Glasgow College "learning was an object of wide importance, and the habit of application much BURNS AND GLASGOW 63 more general than in the neighbouring University of Edin­ burgh." The Senate had such names as John Anderson ("Jolly Jack Phosphorus") the fiery natural philosopher and founder of the Andersonian University, Thomas Reid, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Dr. William Cullen, one of the fathers of the Glasgow medical school, and Patrick Wilson, Professor of Astronomy. The Literary Society, founded in 1752, was still in exist­ ence and there were numerous clubs like the "Accidental," where one could take part in good conversation and con­ viviality. The merchants of Glasgow had, in a great many cases, spent a few years at the College and had unusually high standards of thought and speech. Glasgow was growing. It was no longer the little market town with a college and High Kirk which had earned Franck's praise as "the Nonsuch of Scotland where an English florist may pick up a posie." The new town was coming into being at the time of Burns's visits. In 1787 St. Andrew's Square and George Square and Montrose, Frederick, Cochrane and Hanover Streets were being built. The middle-class would soon be moving west to join the rich who had been building for themselves great houses in Queen Street and Buchanan Street. It was a time of prosperity but troubles which often attend such times (and which have a familiar ring to us) were abroad in 1787. The weavers of Glasgow, seeing the upsurge of pros­ perity, asked the manufacturers for an increase in prices for their work. Their request was refused and there was a strike with demonstrations, sabotage and riots. The magistrates called out the military, the rioters were fired on and three persons were killed. This, then, was the Glasgow which Robert Burns visited with his green laurels around him. It was a mixture of the old and new. The medi~val Bishop's Castle was being pulled down to make room for the Royal Infirmary. Industry was making places for itself in the old town and among the semi­ rural suburbs. Charles Tennant, Burns's "Wabster Charlie," was "offering very fairly" and would soon arrive from his country bleachfield at Darnley to found his chemical works at St. Rollox. The Industrial Revolution was on its way in Glasgow. It is a twentieth-century assumption that the up-and­ coming man in the West of Scotland, particularly in Ayrshire, automatically makes his way to Glasgow. The modern Ayr­ shire farmer starts his car or boards a 'bus or train for a 64 BURNS AND GLASGOW day's business or an evening's pleasure in Glasgow. It was far otherwise in the eighteenth century. As well might the present-day tenant of Mossgiel think of spending an evening· at the cinema in Birmingham and returning to complete his day's work. To reach Glasgow in the 1780's one had the choice of travelling by the expensive and infrequent coach, riding on horseback, bumping along in one of the slow goods waggons-or walking. I have no information on the service of coaches from Mauchline in Burns's day, but the Glasgow Directory tells us that the Kilmarnock diligence left from William Reid's in the Gallowgate every Monday and Thursday, while the Ayr dili­ gence started from Mrs. Buchanan's at the Saracen's Head on Thursday and Friday. Probably the starting times from Ayr, Kilmarnock and Mauchline were similar. By the time Burns had reached manhood the main roads had been improved greatly, but in his younger days they were very poor indeed and the "cattle" in any conveyance were apt to be "laired" in bad weather. Life in the counties of Scotland tended to revolve in smaller orbits than is the case to-day. The small towns had almost everything necessary and travel to places like Glasgow was needless unless you had very important business there, or, like some of John Gait's ladies, you felt that the local mantua-maker could not cope with the demands of a family which had been left a fortune "in the pesents" by a relative in India. So Burns must have felt no need to leave his home county until the Kilmarnock edition of "Poems, chiefly in the Scot­ tish Dialect" made him famous. There is a story, in the Reverend P. Hately Waddell's "Life of Burns" that the poet visited Glasgow in the early months of 1786 and received much encouraging advice from Messrs. Brash & Reid, but not one shred of evidence has come to light to prove this. We have no record that he ever came to Glasgow before the summer of 1787. He by-passed Glasgow entirely on his first journey to Edinburgh. We read that he passed a merry evening at Covington, which seems to show that he had travelled from Mauchline, on his borrowed pony, through Muirkirk and Douglas. The first mention of Glasgow in his letters is in one written to Mrs. Dunlop in July, 1787, announcing that he would call for a copy of his autobiographical letter to Dr. BURNS AND GLASGOW 65

Moore which he had left with her for criticism and advice. "I have no copy of Dr. Moore's letter, I mean the one I send you, so this you read must go by post. If you can contrive no better way, I shall call for it myself to-morrow, as I am going for Edinr. by way of Paisley and Glasgow, to-morrow morning." Dr. John Moore, who was being courted by the rising poet, was a thorough Glaswegian, although he was born in Stirling. His mother was a member of that oldest of Glasgow families, the Andersons of Dowhill, and he was educated at the Grammar School and the University of Glasgow. He was apprenticed to Mr. John Gordon, a Glasgow surgeon, and joined his old master in Glasgow after some study in England and on the Continent. Dr. Moore wrote "A View of Society and Manners in France, Switzerland and Germany" and three novels, "Zeluco," "Edward" and "Mordaunt." Moore was at the height of his fame when Burns sent him his autobio­ graphical letter asking the guidance of this established writer through the paths of the literary world. The advice he received was not always good. Dr. Moore, like Clarinda an~ others, tried to steer him away from the "crudities" of dialect and into the ways of "polite literature." Burns realised ulti­ mately that the polished lines of the current fashionable style were not for him, but we can see at times the disastrous results of his acceptance of this kind of advice. Moore has left a great reputation as a wit and a booq com­ panion. He was a prominent member of the "Hodge-Podge Club" and the historian of Glasgow's eighteenth-century clubs, Dr. John Strang, writes that " ... at this period of his life he was a favourite with the best society of the city and neigh­ bourhood. His ready wit and vein of playful irony made his conversation be courted by a numerous and respectable circle of acquaintance." Not everyone thought as well of Dr. Moore as did Dr. Strang. The anonymous bard of the "Hodge-Podge Club" dealt With each of its members in a twenty-six verse song and gives an unfavourable picture of Moore in the twenty-fifth verse:- "The surly companion who brings up the rear, Who looks so morose, and still speaks with a sneer, Would fain have you think he's a poet and a wit,­ But, indeed, Mr. Moore, you're confoundedly bit." All this, however, was long before Burns knew him. In 1786 Moore was on a visit to Scotland from London where he had a medical practice. "Zeluco," "Edward" and "Mordaunt" E 66 BURNS AND GLASGOW are unread nowadays-and are probably unreadable by our modern tastes-but the doctor shines with a reflected glory, not only because he was the correspondent of Burns but because his eldest son was Sir John Moore, the hero of Corunna. Bums left Edinburgh in February, 1788, and wrote to Mrs. Dunlop that " ... if my horse meet me at Glasgow, I will probably do myself the honor of calling at Dunlop-house." Before he had that opportunity he heard, to his delight, that an old friend of his flax-dressing days at Irvine was near Glasgow. This was Richard Brown, a sailor, and one of the heroes of his youth. Brown was a man of the world and had encouraged Burns "to endeavour at the character of a poet." The letter he sent to Brown is addressed to "Captn. Richard Brown of the ship Mary and Jean at Mrs. Wylie's, Greenock- "I received yours with the greatest pleasure. - I shall arrive at Glasgow on Monday evening; and beg if possible, you will meet me on Tuesday; I shall wait you tuesday all day. - I shall be found at Durie's Blackbull Inn. - I am hurried as if hunted by fifty devils else I would come to Greenock : but if you cannot possibly come, write me, if possible, to Glasgow on Monday; or direct to me at Mossgiel, by Mauchline, and name a day and place in Ayrshire within a fortnight from this date where I may meet you. - I only stay a fortnight in Ayrshire and return to Edinr. I am ever, my dearest Friend, yours Robt. Burns, Edinr. 15th February, 1788." The merry meeting duly took place. Burns wrote of it to Clarinda three days later. "I have just met with my old friend, the ship Captain; guess my pleasure: to meet you could alone have given me more. My brother William too, the young Saddler, has come to Glasgow to meet me; and here are we three spending the evening." The Black Bull Inn is the one building still standing in Glasgow with which we can associate Burns. It stands, rather forlornly, at the corner of Argyle Street and Virginia Street, an empty building formerly used as a drapery store. It might not stand much longer. Multiple stores have been very active recently in this area of Glasgow pulling down old buildings and erecting immense new emporia. Burns lovers and those who care for fine old buildings should keep a careful watch here. The inn was erected by the Highland Society in 1758 BURNS AND GLASGOW 67 and succeeded an older hostelry, a thatched house on the south side of Argyle Street, used as a house of call by Highland drovers and cattle dealers. The society's building fund was helped by the donation of a generous collection uplifted in the Cathedral churchyard after a special sermon preached by George Whitfield. The landlord mentioned by Burns was George Durie, who had, at that time, newly taken over the tenancy. The inn was well appointed, having a large hall, a dining room, eleven par­ lours, eighteen bedrooms and stables for forty horses. Burns's letter disposes of the story, once commonly believed, that he stayed at the Saracen's Head Inn in the Gallowgate. A plaque on the Argyle Street front of the building used to com­ memorate Burns's stay there, but it was removed some years ago. The present writer is enquiring into this with a view to having it restored. We hear nothing more about Glasgow from Burns until 7th March, 1788, when he wrote to his friend Robert Muir that he was soon to set out for Edinburgh from Mauchline. Several people in Galston and Newmilns were still owing him money for copies of the first edition of his poems and he intended to collect this on the way. There is no record of his stay in Glasgow at this time. On the 20th of the same month we find him writing again to Richard Brown, apologising for not sending "the Directory" and breaking the news that he is taking over Ellisland. This Directory was very probably the Glasgow Directory compiled by Nathaniel Jones, keeper of the Coffee Room at the Exchange at Glasgow Cross 3nd proprietor of the "Servants' Registry-office, 2d stair, left hand, Presbyterian Qose, Salt­ market." It was printed by John Mennons, the first printer of the Glasgow Herald. Burns's object in procuring this Directory was probably to use it as a list of possible purchasers for his Edinburgh edition, for this slim volume gave the name, address and occupation of everyone of importance in the city. A glance through the Directory shows that, though Glasgow's building programme in the new West End was under way in 1787, the chief citizens still chose to reside "within earshot of the Music Bells," i.e., within a small area round Glasgow Cross. ("The Music Bells" referred to a mechanical carillon, something like a barrel organ, which played tunes in the Tolbooth Steeple at stated hours each day.) 68 BURNS AND GLASGOW

Henry Monteith of Carstairs, for example, lived in the third flat of Lightbody's land, south side of Bell's Wynd. Now Mr. Monteith was no ordinary citizen of Glasgow. He was the owner of many large textile undertakings and, later, Lord Provost of Glasgow and Member of Parliament for the city. The old Scottish tradition of dwelling in flats was still upheld by the highest classes in Glasgow. The last reference to Glasgow in Burns's letters is in a note to Andrew Dunlop of Dunlop, dated 3lst May, 1788, shortly before he entered Ellisland. "I shall be in Glasgow in the middle of next week, and if I find you at home, I shall certainly take the oppor­ tunity of assuring you in propria persona how much I have the honor to be Sir, your ever grateful hum. servt. -Robt. Burns." It does not appear that the poet ever visited Glasgow again. The golden years were ended. The brilliant society of Edin­ burgh, the adulation, the tours of Scotland, the busy days of preparing his poetry for publication were all behind him. Before him lay the labours on the soil of Ellisland, riding for the Excise, "Searching auld wives' barrels,'' the eternal frus­ trations and embarrassments, ill-health and the final tragedy of Dumfries. We Glaswegians would like to think that we helped to add something to the things that made his greatness. In fact we did. Almost as an afterthought we remember Agnes Craig, daughter of Andrew Craig, surgeon in Glasgow. She became Mrs. Nancy MacLehose who, as "Clarinda,'' made that chapter of pride and passion which produced some of his greatest songs. BURNS AND NEW ZEALAND

By WILLIAM BROWN Past-President, Dunedin Burns Club

About seventeen years before Burns made his historical visit to Edinburgh to try and arrange for the publication of a new edition of his poems, New Zealand was in the process of being rediscovered by Captain James Cook, and a fresh page of British history was thus written in a distant part of the world. Many years later Captain William Hobson, who had been despatched from New South Wales as Lieutenant­ Governor to establish British authority and negotiate with the Maoris concluded the famous Treaty of Waitangi. By this treaty, signed on 6th February, 1840, the Maori chiefs ceded sovereignty to the Queen in return for the guarantee of undis­ turbed possession of their lands and estates, the protection of the Queen, together with all the rights and privileges of British subjects. This treaty, unique in the relations of civilised with non-civilised peoples, and the spirit which animated it, has been the basic factor in the native policy of New Zealand. Actually there is no native problem in New Zealand, which prides itself on the absolute equality of citizenship of Maori and Pakeha (the Whites). For over thirty years in New Zealand I have attended anniversary celebrations around 25th January and have heard the gospel according to Robert Burns proclaimed again and again-the brotherhood of man irrespective of creed, race or colour-and invariably my thoughts have turned to the Treaty of Waitangi. What Burns would have done in certain circum­ stances if his life had been lived under different conditions or perhaps in a different age has often been discussed and debated. Perhaps I may venture further into the realms of conjecture and say that Burns would have strongly approved of the Treaty of Waitangi and found much to admire in this young democracy being established in the far away Pacific. About half a century after Burns's death the settlement of the colony proceeded rapidly. In the North Island many Scots were early on the scene, but it was down in the deep South that the real Scottish invasion took place. The first ships arriving there with emigrants from Scotland founded the city 70 BURNS AND NEW ZEALAND of Dunedin in the Province of Otago. The original intention was to name the settlement New Edinburgh, but William Chambers, Lord Provost of Edinburgh and a native of Peebles, suggested the ancient name of Edinburgh-Dunedin-as more appropriate, and so in the south of the South Island we have Dunedin, the Edinburgh of the Pacific, nestling among the green, bush-clad hills and looking out to the blue waters of the Pacific--a worthy daughter of "Edina, Scotland's darling seat." Members of the Burns family played a notable part in the establishment of this Little Scotland. One of the leaders in the "Phillip Lang," one of the earliest emigrant ships, was the Rev. Thomas Burns, a son of Gilbert Burns, brother of the poet. Thomas Burns became the first Chancellor of the University of Otago, situated in Dunedin. He travelled the whole of the Province of Otago, sometimes by coach or horse, but mostly on foot, and was the inspiration of many a struggling parish in those pioneering days. After many years of valuable service, he was succeeded by the Rev. William Bannerman who had married his daughter. Arthur Burns, the son of Thomas Burns, was one of the pioneer industrialists of New Zealand. The Otago Provincial Council had offered £1500 to the first person producing tweed cloth in the Province, and Arthur Burns, foreseeing a glut in the labour market as the feverish gold rush abated, took up the challenge. He had no knowledge of textiles, but he was determined to succeed. He returned to Scotland in search of a partner with the necessary technical knowledge, and at Innerleithen, in October, 1870, he signed an agreement with a Mr. Smaill. Plant was ordered, workers engaged, and Arthur Burns made what was for those days of early steam and sailing ships a rapid journey back to New Zealand. He arrived in time to purchase an old flour mill and, with the assistance of some workers .who had accompanied him, pre­ pared the building for the machinery. The first web came from the mill in October, 1871, quite a remarkable feat when one considers the difficulties of transport. To-day in Mosgiel, for so the village where the mill was built is named, there is a flourishing woollen mill, a tribute to the energy and fore­ sight of Arthur Burns. It is worthy of note that this Mosgiel has always been spelt with one "S." When those early pioneers went furth of Scotland to find new homes so far away, they took with them, as Scots invari­ ably do, their customs and traditions, as well as their ordinary household gear. Many a Scotch "kist" contained, in addition BURNS AND NEW ZEALAND 71 to the family Bible, a well-thumbed copy of the Works of Burns. During my term as President of the Dunedin Burns Club I received several copies of the poet's works from pioneer families-copies brought from Scotland in many cases by a grandfather. This has been the experience of other Presidents of the Club, and over the years our Club has acquired quite a valuable collection of pictures, books and documents with a Burns connection. Some of them can be seen in the Early Settlers' Museum. Many a Scottish minor poet has poured forth his effusions in this far away part of the world. In 1852 there arrived in Dunedin from Paisley, one John Barr. John established him­ self at Half Way Bush and later lived at "The Water of Leith." The early pioneers, as well as naming their new city after Scotland's capital, gave the streets and suburbs the names of Auld Reekie, and so the stream which flowed to the sea through Dunedin was naturally called the Water of Leith. John Barr was a student and lover of Burns and was one of the moving spirits in the foundation of the Dunedin Bums Club in 1861. He was the leading poet of early Dunedin and wrote many humorous and satirical poems and was a prolific contributor to the Dunedin Press. Many of his poetical efforts were based on the Songs of Burns-

"Oh, Mary, leave your father's Ha' An' gang wi' me, my dearie o', To yonder cot beside the burn That wimples doon sae clearly o'. There wild flowers deck the clay-built wa's, There's nocht tae make ye eerie o', For love stands blinkin' at the door To welcome you, my dearie o'."

Note the reference to the "clay-built wa's"; the first houses ·built by the pioneers in Otago were "clay biggins." Strangely enough, another man of the same name, but no relation, was a Bums lover and local character, Johnnie Barr, sexton at the old Southern Cemetery in Dunedin. Johnnie gave up his job in disgust because folk "jist widnie dee." The late Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand, during most of the war years was a keen Bumsian and was much in demand around the 25th of January. Mr. Fraser maintained there was a similarity in the culture of the Maori and the Gael. 72 BURNS AND NEW ZEALAND

Dr. Winiata, a cultured Maori leader, writer and orator, is also an admirer of Burns. Dr. Winiata spent some time recently in Scotland and sees an analogy in the struggle in Scotland to keep alive the ancient culture, with a powerful though friendly neighbour next door and the Maoris in New Zealand, who, outnumbered by Pakehas, are striving to main­ tain all the best features of their equally ancient culture and way of life.

There are three affiliated Clubs in New Zealand-Dunedin, Gisborne and Wellington. I see no reason why this 'number should not be greatly increased. There are Scottish and Caledonian Societies to be found in every part of the Dominion. Right up in the north of the Auckland Province i<> the Scottish settlement at Waipu, where live the descendants of the Highland families who left Scotland during the High­ land clearances and founded a colony in Nova Scotia. From there they journeyed to Australia and finally settled at Waipu in North Auckland, where, under the leadership of Norman McLeod, they founded a little centre of Highland speech and customs. In Auckland City and sfu.rounding suburbs and districts there is a strong Scottish colony with many organiza­ tions, and, further south, in the prosperous towns of the Waikato from Hamilton right out to Tauranga, there are flourishing Caledonian Societies. On the East coast at Gisborne, Napier and Hawkes Bay and on the West coast at New Plymouth and at Palmerston North in the centre, and in the capital city, Wellington, progressive and active Societies are functioning. In the South Island the flag is kept flying. In Christchurch, most English of New Zealand cities, there are two strong Societies. Over on the West coast and in provincial cities and towns like Timaru and Oamaru, and down in the deep South in Invercargill and all the country towns of Otago and Southland there are kindred Societies, and over all a tremendous goodwill for all things Scottish. A fruitful field, surely, to "Strengthen and consolidate by universal affiliation the bond of fellowship amongst the mem­ bers of Bums Clubs and kindred Societies." The Dunedin Burns Club claims that, numerically, they are the strongest Club outside Scotland. Right in the centre of Dunedin, in the Octagon, stands a statue of Robert Bums. His back is to St. Paul's, the Anglican Cathedral, whilst the Ohan Hotel stands right in his line of vision. One visitor said the situation was rather embarrassing-"His back to the Kirk BURNS AND NEW ZEALAND 73 and looking at an hotel I" A local wag replied: "It's all right, it's an English Kirk." Scottish affairs, then, flourish in Dunedin. In addition to the Bums Club there is the Caledonian Society, the Scottish Society of Dunedin, the St. Andrew's Society, the Gaelic Society, the Orkney and Shetland Society, the Watsonian Club, and numerous pipe bands, Highland and country dance Societies, and the New Zealand Scottish Regiment.

BI-CENTENARY POETRY COMPETITION

As part of the Robert Burns Bi-Centenary Celebrations, now being organised by the Burns Federation, the Burns Chronicle is holding an open Competition for the Best Original Poem in Scots. The winner will receive £50, the runner-up £25. As the Competition was announced at the Aberdeen Conference, full details will be found on page 95. SCOTTISH LITERATURE COMPETITIONS By FRED. J. BELFORD The Schools Competitions in Scottish Literature held by the Burns Federation have now been running for thirteen years. The books prescribed for study have been "The Scots Readers, Books l, 2, 3," and "The Poems of Robert Burns" by George Ogilvie. But this year an addition has been made in the Primary 7 section with the introduction of "Bairi>.sangs" published by Macmillan & Co., Ltd. For the first time pupils have been invited to compete in the singing of Scots Songs from the new "Burns Federation Song Book,'' produced by Messrs. John McVie, O.B.E., and George Short. This new venture has been highly successful, 8,600 pupils having entered. The poems selected for the 1958 Competition are:-

PRIMARY 7 Scots wha hae. The Three Puddocks. Wee Jock Todd. Whistle, whistle, auld wife. The auld Troot. Cat. JUNIOR SECONDARY Lament for James, Earl of Glencairn. Highland Mary. The Braw Wooer. To a Mouse. The Sailor's Wife. The Coming of the Spring.

SENIOR SECONDARY Green grow the Rashes, 0. 0 whistle and I'll come to ye. Auld Robin Gray. Tam o' Shanter. Walter Laidlaw's Story. Bonnie Kilmeny. Look up to Pentland's towerin' tap. MOlTO-"A MAN'S A MAN FOR A' THAT"

THE BURNS FEDERATION INSTITUTED 1885

Hon. Presidents. Sir ALEXANDER GIBB, G.B.E., C.B., LL.D.(Edin.),, F.R.S., Queen Anne's Lodge, Westminster, London, S.W.1. WILLIAM WILL, C.B.E., Blythehill, Balmyle Road, Broughty Ferry, West, Angus. Sir CHARLES DUNLOP, A.D.C., T.D., D.L., Doonside, Alloway, Ayr. JOHNS. CLARKE, J.P., 2 Walmer Crescent, Glasgow, S.W.1. JAMES T. PICKEN, "Mossgeil," Coral Avenue, Beaumaris, Melbourne, Australia. Mrs. ANNIE DUNI.OP,, O.B.E., LL.D., D.Litt., Ph.D., 73 London Road, .Kilmarnock. THOMAS B. GOUDIE, "Ewanrigg," Burnbank, Hamilton. JOHN McVIE, 0.B.E., M.S.M., 13 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, 7. Sir PATRICK J. DOLLAN, D.L., LL.D., J.P., 1 .Kingsley Avenue, Glasgow, S.2. J. KEVAN MCDOWALL, F.S.A.(Scot.), 202 Bath Street, Glasgow, C.2. A. WILSON BOYLE, C.A., "Ardgreen," 3 Park Terrace, Ayr. JoHN E. BARBOUR, "Dalswinton," The Hill, Almondsbury, Glos. ALEX. MACMILLAN, M.A., Ed.B., 13 .Kilwinning Road, Irvine. Hon. Vice-Presidents. JAMES McMuRDO, 85-71 144th Street, Jamaica, N.Y., U.S.A. RICHARD DOUGLAS, New York. Captain CHARLES CARMICHAEL, 54 Chatsworth Street, Derby. Mrs. MARY THOMSON, 21 Gilbertfteld Road, Cambuslang. THOMAS C. ANDERSON, Rowan Cottage, 194 Main Street, Kelty. J. RENWICK VICKERS, F.S.A.(Scot.), St. Bede's, East Boldon, Co. Durham. WILLIAM J. OLIVER, 2 Bellevue Street, Dunedin, N.I., New Zealand. WILLIAM BOYLE, 22 Osborne Street, Clydebank. FRED. J. BELFORD, M.A., F.E.I.S., 3 Park Grove, Liberton, Edinburgh, 9. c. A,. A. DOUGLAS HAMILTON, Dunringell, Kyleakin,, Isle of Skye. A. W. SEMPLE, 105 Dunelm South, Sunderland. Executive Committee. President-JAMES B. HARDIE, F.I.A.C., M.I.M.I., F.S.A.(Scot.), "Ravenna," 26 Newark Drive, Pollokshields, Glasgow, S.l. Vice-Presidents-A. NEIL CAMPBELL, F.C.C.S., 141 Craiglea Drive, Edinburgh, 10. J. RENWICK VICKERS, F.S.A.(Scot.), St. Bede's, East Boldon, Co. Durham. Hon. Secretary-JOHN M. IRVING, 28 Melville Street, .Kilmarnock. Hon. Treasurer-WILLIAM BLACK, "Cardean," Eastfield Rd., Dumfries. Hon. Editor-JAMES VEITCH, 8 George Street, Peebles. Schools Competitions-FRED. J. BELFORD, F.E.I.S., 3 Park Grove, Liberton, Edinburgh, 9. Assistant Hon. Secretary-ANDREW STENHOUSE, M.A., LL.B., 104 ·west Campbell Street, Glasgow, C.2. 76 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Past-Presidents-ALEX. MACMILLAN, M.A., Ed.B., 13 Kilwinning Rd., Irvine. JOHN E. BARBOUR, "Dalswinton," The Hill, Almonds­ bury, Glos. A. WILSON BOYLE, C.A., "Ardgreen," 3 Park Ter., Ayr. J. KEVAN MCDOWALL, F.S.A.(Scot.), 202 Bath St., Glasgow, C.2. JAMES R. CRAWFORD, F.S.A.(Scot.), "Callister Ha'." 432 Unthank Road, Norwich. JOHN McVrn, O.B.E., M.S.M., 13 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, 7. THOMAS B. GOUDIE. "Ewanrigg," Burnbank, Hamilton. Sir PATRICK J. DOLLAN, D.L., LL.D., J.P., 1 Kingsley Avenue, Glasgow, S.2. JOHN S. CLARKE, J.P., 2 Walmer Crescent, Glasgow, S.W.1. Sir ALEXANDER GIBB, G.B.E.. C.B., LL.D.(Edin.), F.R.S., Queen Anne's Lodge, Westminster, London, S.W.1.

District Representatives. I. Ayrshire-ANDREW Y. CRAWFORD, I Royston Terrace, Edinburgh. JAMES MILGREW, 55 Arran Drive, Auchinleck. GEORGE VALLANCE, 5 Park Ter., Lugar, Cumnock. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, 93 Dundonald Rd., Troon. II. Edinburgh-W. J. KING GILLIES, 2 Saville Ter.• Edinburgh, 9. III. Glasgow-ALLAN S. MEIKLE, 40 Queensborough Gardens, Glasgow. · }AMES N. DEAS, 345 Fulton St., Glasgow, W.3. IV. Dunbarton and Argyll Shires-WILLIAM BOYLE, 22 Osborne Street, Clydebank. V. Fifeshire-T. C. ANDERSON, Rowan Cottage, 194 Main St., Kelty, Fife. Mrs. M. FLEMING, 137 Carden Castle Park, Cardenden, Fife. VI. Lanarkshire-ADAM HUMPHRIES, 59a Mill Rd., Halfway, Cambuslang. Mrs. M. RENNIE, 21 Gilbertfield Rd., Cambus­ lang. WILLIAM RODGER,, 7 Melrose Ter., Whitehill, Hamilton. VII. Mid and East Lothians and Borders-ROBERT GREY, I Newton Street, Easthouses, Midlothian. VIII. West Lothian- IX. Renfrewshire-WILLIAM L. MORREN, 37a Union Street, Greenock. X. Stirling, Clackmannan and West Perth Shires-Mrs. W. G. STEWART, South View, Tullibody. J. McDOUGALL, Duncan St., Bonnybridge. Mrs. M. LowE, 9 Beechwood, Sauchie, Alloa. XI. East Perthshire, Angus and Kinross-RON. LIVINGSTON, 8 Union Place, Montrose. XII. Northern Scottish Counties-CHARLES C. EASTON, 55 Rosebill Drive, Aberdeen. THB BURNS FEDERATION 77 XIII. Southern Scottish Counties-H. GEORGE MCKERROW, J.P., 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. . Mrs. M. CouLSON, 52 Friars Vennel, Dumfries. XIV. London and South Eastern England-JOHN M. SWAN, 17 Roxborough Park, Harrow, Middlesex. XV. North Eastern England-J. RENWICK VICKERS, F.S.A.(Scot.), "Belvoir," St. Bede's, East Boldon, Co. Durham. · XVI. North Western England-HAMISH H. RAE, 9 Park View, Waterloo, Liverpool, 22. XVII. Yorkshire-STANLEY McINTOSH, 24 West St., Scarborough. XVIII. North and East Midlands-G. BURNETT, 40 Brecks Lane, Rotherham. ANDERSON WILSON, 81 Sparken Hill, Worksop, Notts. XIX. West Midlands of England-T. DUNKLEY HOGG, 143 Sand­ well Road, Birmingham, 21. XX. South Western England-GEORGE LAING, 104 Three Elms Road, Hereford. XXI. Wales-ARTHUR c. E. LEWIS, 10 Admiralty Cottages, Teighness, Arrochar. XXll. lreland--C. J. CousLAND, F.R.S.E., "Achray," 26 Kinnear Road, Edinburgh, 4. XXIII. Africa-GEORGE S. G. VERNON, "Oaklands," Connaught Terrace, Crieff. XXIV. Australia-JOHN GRAY, 135 Whitletts Road, Ayr. XXV. New Zealand-Mrs. M. THOMSON. 21 Gilbertfield Road, Cambuslang, XXVI. Canada-SAMUEL W. LOVE, The British Linen Bank, 515 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, C.3. XXVII. India-WILLIAM F. HOWE, Heathervale, Eastbank, Brechin. XXVIII. U.S.A.-JoHN R. HURRY, 9271 Neff Road, RR. No. 1, Clio, Mich., U.S.A. ALEXANDER M. BUCHAN, 535 Deilman Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, U.S.A. XXIX. Near and Middle East-HUGH M. MACINTYRE, "Elmsley," 7 Racecourse Road, Ayr. XXX. Europe-ROBERT DONALDSON, 4 Forbes Street, Glasgow, S.E.

SUB-COMMITTEES. Finance: Messrs. A. Neil Campbell (Convener), W. J. King Gillies., H. George McKerrow, Robert Donaldson, Samuel W. Love, Anderson Wilson, Hugh M. Macintyre, Mrs. M. Rennie. Memorials: Messrs. W. J. King Gillies (Convener), Andrew Y. Crawford, Mrs. M. Rennie, Mrs. M. Coulson, James N. Deas, William Boyle, George Vallance. Scottish Literature: Messrs. A. Wilson Boyle (Convener), Fred J. Belford, William F. Howe, John McVie, James Milgrew, Hugh M. Macintyre, Alex. Macmillan, Arthur C. E. Lewis. Allan S. Meikle. Schools: Messrs. Fred. J. Belford (Convener), Hugh M. Macintyre, John McVie, William L. Morren, William Phillips, Adam Humphries, Alex. Macmillan. Co-opted Member: J. Douglas Cairns, 7 Wattfield Road, Ayr. The Officials are ex-officio members of the above Committees.

AUDITORS. Messrs. Fraser, Lawson and Laing, C.A., 53 Bothwell St., Glasgow, C.2. 78 CONSTITUTION AND RULES

CONSTITUTION AND RULES Name. 1. The Association shall be called "The Burns Federation," with headquarters at Kilmarnock. Objects. 2. The objects of the Federation shall be (a) To strengthen and consolidate, by universal affiliation, the bond of fellowship amongst the members of Burns Clubs .and kindred Societies. (b) To purchase and preserve manuscripts and other relics associated with Robert Burns. (Gifts of relics shall be reported by the Hon. Secretary at the next meet­ ing of the Executive Committee following thereon.) (c) To mark with suitable inscriptions, repair, or renew buildings, tombstones, etc., interesting from their association with Robert Burns. (d) To encourage institutions and movements in honour of Robert Burns. (e) To encourage and arrange School Children's Competi­ tions in order to stimulate the teaching and study of Scottish history, literature, art and music. (f) To encourage the development of Scottish literature, art and music.

Membership. 3. (a) The Federation shall consist of affiliated Clubs and Societies. Burns Clubs and kindred Societies may be admitted to the Federation by the Executive Committee, on application in writing to the Hon. Secretary, enclosing a copy of their Constitution and List of Office-bearers. Such applications shall be considered by the Executive Committee at its next meeting. (b) Clubs shall be grouped into Districts as shown in the sub­ joined Schedule, but Clubs on the borders of Districts shall have the right to elect to which District they wish to belong. · (c) Ladies or gentlemen who have rendered conspicuous service to the Burns Movement may be elected by the Council to the position of Honorary President or Honorary Vice-President, on the recom­ mendation of the Executive Committee.

Council. 4. The Council shall consist of the Hon. Presidents, the Hon. Vice-Presidents, the Executive Committee, the Auditors and three members elected by each Club. THE BURNS FEDERATION 79 Conference of the Council. 5. (a} The Annual Conference of the Council shall be held, at such place as may be arranged, on the second Saturday of Septepiber, when the Annual Reports shall be submitted and Office-bearers for the ensuing year elected. (b) Clubs outwith the United Kingdom may be represented by proxy at the Conference. (c} Nominations for Offices shall be made by the Executive Committee or by Clubs. (d} Nominations of Office-bearers, Intimations of election of District representative members, and Notices of motion shall be lodged in writing with the Hon. Secretary not later than the second Saturday of June. But nothwithstanding this, the Executive Com­ mittee shall have power at any of its meetings to formulate proposals on any subject it may deem necessary or expedient to be placed on the Agenda for discussion and decision at the Annual Conference. (e) The Agenda of the Conference and the Annual Reports shall be issued to Clubs by the Hon. Secretary not less than one month before the Conference. (f) No alteration shall be made in the "Constitution and Rules" except at the Conference of the Council, and then only by a two­ thirds' majority of those voting.

Executive Committee. 6. (a} The Executive Committee shall consist of (1) President, Past-Presidents, two Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secre­ tary, Hon. Treasurer, Hon. Editor of the Burns Chronicle, Hon. Secretary of School Children's Competitions and Assistant Hon. Secretary; and (2) Representative members elected by Districts, as shown in the subjoined Schedule. (b) The office-bearers shall retire annually. The President shall not be re-elected except on the recommendation of the Executive Committee carried by two-thirds of their number voting at the appropriate meeting and approved by two-thirds of those voting at the Annual Conference of the Council. Other office-bearers shall be eligible for re-election. (c) District representative members shall be elected annually by all Districts on the basis of one member for the first five Clubs, and one member for every additional ten Clubs, in each District; but for Edinburgh, London, Wales, Ireland and Overseas Districts, one Club in each shall qualify for admission as a District. No District shall have more than one member unless the number of its Clubs exceeds fourteen. If a District fail to elect a representative member, the Executive Committee shall have power to fill the vacancy. 80 CONSTITUTION AND RULES Meetings of the Executive Committee. 7. (a) The Executive Committee shall conduct the business of the Federation, and shall meet on the third Saturdays of October, December, March and June, and when called by the Hon. Secretary. The place of each meeting shall be fixed at the previous meeting. (b) The Hon. Secretary shall give at least one week's notice of meetings, along with the Agenda. (c) Notices of motion and other business to appear in the Agenda should reach the Hon. Secretary at least a fortnight before the meeting. (d) Special meetings may be held on a written request to the Hon. SecJ"etary signed by not fewer than ten members of the Committee and stating the business to be considered. (e) Ten shall form a quorum at meetings. (f) The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Treasurer and the Assistant Hon. Secretary shall be ex o(ficiis members of all Standing Sub-Committees. Subscriptions. 8. (a) Each Club, on admission to the Federation, shall pay a registration fee of One guinea, in addition to the annual subscription of Two pounds. (b) Clubs in arrear with their subscriptions shall not be entitled to be represented at the annual Conference of the Council. (c) Clubs failing to pay their subscriptions for two consecutive years shall be struck off the roll of the Federation. Finance. 9. (a) The Sub-Committee on Finance shall consist of seven members of the Executive Committee, five to form a quorum. (b) No accounts shall be paid without the authority of the Finance Committee, which shall submit the Minutes of its meetings to the quarterly meetings of the Executive Committee. (c) The Bank Account shall be kept in the name of the Federa­ tion, and shall be operated by the Hon. Treasurer for the time being. Deposit Receipts shall be taken out in the name of the Federation, to be drawn on the endorsement of the President, the Hon. Secretary, and the Hon. Treasurer, or any two of them. All other securities, investments and properties shall be held in name of the President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Treasurer and their successors in office as Trustees for the Federation. Honorary Secretary. 10. The Hon. Secretary shall keep the Minute Book of the Federation, in which shall be recorded the proceedings of all meetings. He shall also conduct ' the correspondence of the Federation, convene all meetings, and issue Diplomas. He shall THE BURNS FEDERATION 81 prepare the Executive Committee's Report on the year's transactions, for submission to the Conference of the Council. Honorary Treasurer. 11. The Hon. Treasurer shall have charge of all monies paid to the Federation, and shall pay all accounts authorised by the Finance Committee. He shall prepare a statement of his accounts for the year to 30th April, which shall be audited by two Auditors, who shall be appointed annually at the Conference of the Council, and who shall not be members of the Executive Committee. Publications. 12. (a) The Scottish Literature Committee shall be responsible to the Executive Committee for policy in connection with any publications issued by the Federation. (b) The Burns Chronicle shall be an official publication of the Federation and shall be published annually, not later than lst January, at such price as the Executive Committee may decide. It shall contain a Directory of the Clubs on the roll of the Federation, reports of the transactions of the Federation and of affiliated Clubs during the previous year and such literary matter and illustrations as may be decided by the Hon. Editor. (c) The Hon. Editor shall be responsible for the publication of the Chronicle and shall submit annually a report on the sale of the latest issue. (d) Estimates for the printing of all publications shall be approved by the Finance Committee. School Children's Competitions. 13. The Hon. Secretary of School Children's Competitions shall give assistance to affiliated Clubs in the organisation of their Com­ petions, and shall endeavour to co-ordinate the efforts of the various Clubs. He shall submit annually a report on the Competitiom organised by the Clubs. Benefits. 14. (a) Each Club, on affiliation, shall be supplied gratis with the Diploma of Membership of the Federation. (b) Members of affiliated Clubs shall be entitled to receive a Pocket Diploma on payment of One shilling. (c) Affiliated Clubs and Societies shall be supplied gratis with two copies of the Burns Chronicle and one copy of newspapers containing reports of meetings, demonstrations, etc., organised, con­ ducted or attended by the Federation. (d) Members of affiliated Clubs shall be entitled to be supplied, through the Secretaries of their respective Clubs, with copies of all works published by the Federation, at such discount as may be fixed by the Executive Committee. p LIST OF DISTRICTS (See Article No. 6c of "Constitution")

I. Ayrshire. Il. Edinburgh. Ill. Glasgow. IV. Dunbarton, Argyll, and Bute Shires. V. Fifeshire. VI. Lanarkshire. Vll. Lothians (Mid and East) and Borders. Vlll. Lothian (West). IX. Renfrewshire. X. Stirling, Clackmannan, and West Perth Shires. XI. East Perthshire, Angus and Kinross. .xn. Northern Scottish Counties. Xlll. Southern Scottish Counties. XIV. London and South-Eastern England. Essex, Hertford, Middlesex, Berks, Buckingham, Oxford, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex, Kent. XV. North-Eastern England. Northumberland, Durham. XVI. North-Western England. Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire, Cheshire. XVII. Yorkshire. XVIII. North and East Midlands of England. XIX. West Midlands of England. XX. South-Western England. Hereford, Gloucester, Wilts, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, Monmouth. XXI. Wales. XXII. Ireland. XXIII. Africa. XXIV. Australia. XXV. New Zealand. XXVI. Canada. XXVII. India. XXVIII. United States of America. XXIX. Near and Middle East. XXX. Europe. THE BURNS FEDERATION 83 I. Ayrshire-38 Clubs: 4 Members. O Kilmarnock. 621 Scottish Aviation. 35 Dairy. 622 Coylton. 45 Cumnock. 623 Kilwinning. 86 Winsome Willie, 632 Symington. Old Cumnock. 664 West Kilbride. 173 Irvine. 666 Valley of Doon Ladies. 192 Ayrshire B.C. Assoc. 671 St. Andrew's Cronies 252 Alloway. (Irvine). 274 Troon. 680 Thistle, Saltcoats. 275 Ayr. 681 Cronies, Kilmarnock. 288 Beith Caledonia. 715 Irvine Eglinton. 310 Mauchline. 728 Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton. 349 "Howff," Kilmarnock. 752 Colmonell. 365 Catrine. 765 Straiton. 377 Kilbirnie Rosebery. 772 Prestwick. 435 Ayr Tam o' Shanter. 773 Cumnock Cronies. 500 New Cumnock. 802 Crosskeys 13.C., 564 Ochiltree Winsome Willie. New Cumnock. 592 Benwhat. 804 Kirkoswald Shanter. 593 Barrmill. 811 Logangate, Cumnock. 596 Glaisnock. Secretary: James E. Shaw, 1 Central Avenue, Kilbirnie.

D. Edinburgh-9 Clubs: 1 Member. 22 Edinburgh. 314 Edinburgh Scottish. 124 Ninety. 341 Leith. 212 Portobello. 378 Edinburgh B.C. Assoc. 293 New Craighall. 398 Colinton. 307 Edinburgh Ayrshire Assoc. Secretary: J. Stanley Cavaye, 40 Durham Terrace, Portobello, Midlothian.

m. Glasgow-24 Clubs: 2 Members. 3 Tam o' Shanter. 72 Partick. 7 Thistle. 74 National Burns Memorial Homes. 9 Royalty. Cottage 33 Haggis. 91 Shettleston. 36 Rosebery. 139 National. 49 Bridgeton. 153 Scottish. 53 Govan Fairfield. 169 Glasgow B.C. Assoc. 68 Sandyford. 263 Masonic. 84 LIST OF DISTRICTS Glasgow--continued

282 Burns Bowling Association. 612 Torrance Masonic. 295 Burns House. 653 Glasgow Ex-ServiceTeachers. 581 Cumbernauld. 778 Glasgow Highland. 585 Queen's Park Clarinda. 805 Rowallan, Thornliebank.

Secretary: Andrew Stenhouse, M.A., LL.B., 104 West Campbell Street Glasgow, C.2.

IV. Dunbarton, Argyll, and Bute Shires-8 Clubs: 1 Member. 2 Alexandria. 580 Cumbrae. 10 Dumbarton. 624 Ohan. 244 Dalmuir and Clydebank. 695 Kilmaronock (Dunbarton- 421 Arrochar and Tarbet. shire). 766 Glencoe and District. Secretary: Donald Ferguson, Cardean, Gartocharn, by Alexandria.

V. Fifeshire-18 Clubs: 2 Members. 62 Cupar. 496 Auld Hoose, Burntisland. 85 Dunfermline. 655 Kennoway J oily Beggars. 184 Blairadam. 656 Dundonald "Jean Armour" 262 Fife B.C. Assoc. Ladies. 283 Sinclairtown. 667 Thornton and District Tam 326 Bingry Jolly Beggars Ladies o' Shanter. 345 Denbeath. 673 Highland Mary, 350 Markinch. Auchterderran. 452 Auchterderran Bonnie Jean. 688 Poosie Nansie Ladies, Kirkcaldy. 478 Kelty and Blairadam Bonnie Doon Ladies. 768 Auchterderran Jolly Beggars. 803 Bowhill Peoples Club.

Secretary: T. C. Anderson, Rowan Cottage, 194 Main Street, Kelty, Fife.

VI. Lanarkshire--31 Clubs: 3 Members. 20 Airdrie. 152 Hamilton. 121 Hamilton Junior. 207 Cambuslang Wingate. 133 Newarthill. 237 Uddingston Masonic. 348 Newton Bonnie Jean. THE BURNS FEDERATION 85

Lanarkshire-continued 356 Burnbank Masonic. 577 Dalserf and Clydesdale. 372 Baillieston Jean Armour. 578 Lanarkshire B.C.A. 387 Mary Campbell 587 Budhill and Springboig. (Cambuslang). 598 Forth Jolly Beggars. 388 Kyle (Shotts) Ladies. 390 Meikle Earnock Jolly 637 Larkhall Applebank. Beggars. 642 Rutherglen. 392 Whifilet. 669 Coatbridge Home Guard. 467 Gilbertfield Highland Mary 700 Hamilton Jubilee. Ladies. 761 Carluke. 494 Motherwell United Services. 762 Tannochside. 520 Uddingston Lochlie Ladies. 526 Dykehead Tam o' Shanter. 797 Wishaw Cross Keys. 549 Bothwell Bonnie Lesley 809 Damside Jolly Beggars. Ladies. 810 "37" Burns Club, Shotts. Secretary: Adam Humphries, 59a Mill Road, Halfway, Cambuslang.

VII. Mid and East Lothians and Borders-12 Clubs: l Member. 187 Galashiels Burns Club. 631 Pencaitland and Ormiston. 198 Gorebridge Jolly Beggars. 641 Rosewell. 199 N ewbattle and District. 740 Thorntree Mystic. 239 Hawick. 747 Tranent "40." 346 Oakbank Mossgiel. 784 The "Bowmont," Kelso. 427 Gorebridge Glencairn. 806 Gorebridge Masonic. Secretary: Alex. Duncan, 52 Barleyknowe Crescent, Gorebridge.

VIII. West Lothian-2 Clubs: - Member. 432 Winchburgh. 579 Bathgate Tam o' Shanter. Secretary: Robert Findlay, 72 Main Street, Winchburgh, West Lothian.

IX. Renfrewshire-12 Clubs: l Member. 21 Greenock. 576 Fort Matilda. 48 Paisley. 702 Greenock Foundry Masonic. 59 Gourock Jolly Beggars. 748 Ouplaymuir. 190 Port-Glasgow. 785 Joy Sullivan (Employees) 209 Greenock St. John's. Masonic. 430 Gourock. 807 Torpedo Factory B.C., 472 Renfrewshire B.C.A. Greeno ck. Secretary: William Christie, 50 Brisbane Street, Greenock. 36 LIST OF DISTRICTS X. Stirling, Clackmannan, and West Perth Shires-25 Clubs: 3Members.

4 Callander. 630 Coalsnaughton. 37 Dollar. 646 Clear Winding Devon, Alva. 50 Stirling. 648 Carron Bridge, Kilsyth. 126 Falkirk. 665 Gartmorn Ladies. 292 Grahamston. 679 Tullibody and Cambus. 690 Pim Hall. 409 Stenhousemuir and District. 725 Ben Cleuch, Tillicoultry. 426 Sauchie. 741 Plean. 469 Denny Cross. 769 RobertBruce 503 Dunblane. (Clackmannan). 510 I.C.I., Grangemouth. 781 Ochil View. 543 Abbey Craig. 793 Scots Wha Hae. 582 Higginsneuk. 795 Longcroft, Bonnybridge and 620 Muirhead. · District.

Secretary: Mrs. W. G. Stewart, South View, Tullibody, Alloa.

XL Ealjlt Perthshire, Angus and Kinross-10 Clubs: 1 Member.

14 Dundee. 360 Lochee, Dundee. 42 Strathearn. 627 Kinross. 76 Brechin. 659 Dundee Bums Society. 82 Arbroath. 786 Thistle, Milnathorp. 242 Montrose. 794 Dunning. Secretary: R. V. Fairweather, 5 St. Mary's Road, Montrose.

XD. Northem Scottish Counties-13 Clubs: 1 Member.

40 Aberdeen. 686 Banchory. 149 Elgin. 691 Inverness. 336 Peterhead. 698 Turriff. 403 Fraserburgh. 723 Strathpeffer. 458 Stonehaven. 733 Aberdeen Burns Study 470 St. Giles (Elgin). Circle. 670 Strath (Kyleakin). 767 Laurencekirk.

Secretary: C. C. Easton, 55 Rosehill Drive, Aberdeen. THE BURNS FEDERATION 87

XIII. Southern Scottish Counties-19 Oubs: 2 Members. 112 Dumfries Howff. 536 Whithorn. 217 Eskdale. 562 Castle Douglas. 226 Dumfries. 589 Solway. 309 Annan. 616 Kirkconnel and Sanquhar. 323 Kirkcudbright. 625 Lockerbie. 393 Annan Ladies. 626 Moffat and District. 437 Dumfries Ladies. 629 Sanquhar. 479 Queen of the South Ladies. 660 The Langholm Ladies. 530 Southern Scottish Counties 693 Masonic, Kirkcudbrigh .. B.C.A. 730 Wigtown. Secretary: Mrs. M. Coulson, 52 Friars Vennel, Dumfries.

XIV. London and South-Eastern England-11Clubs:1 Member. 1 Burns Club of London. 663 Bournemouth anJ District 482 Brig o' Doon Ladies, Deal. Cal. Soc. 492 Harrow Cal. Soc. 719 Chelmsford and District 570 Scottish Clans Assoc. of Scottish Society. London. 743 Romford Scottish Assoc. 617 Reading and District Cal. 790 Thurrock Cal. Soc. Assoc. 791 Swindon and Dist. Cal. Soc. 800 Newbury and Dist. Cal. Soc. Secretary: John M. Swan, 17 Roxborough Park, Harrow, Middlese1.

XV. North-Eastern England-14 Clubs: 1 Member" 89 Sunderland. 744 Durham and District 158 Darlington. Cal. Soc. 165 Wallsend. 745 Northumberland and 379 Hartlepools Burns Club. Durham Cal. Soc. 534 Bedlington and District. 755 Blyth and District Cal. Soc. 696 Whitley Bay. 759 Sunderland and District 699 Choppington. Cal. Soc. 735 Barnard Castle. 775 Hartlepools Cal. Soc. 787 Ashington and District Cal. Soc. Secretary: John D. McBain, 33 Humbledon Park, Sunderland.

XVI. North-Western England-14 Clubs: 1 Member. 71 Carlisle. 618 Altrincham and Sale Cal. Svc 95 Bolton. 674 Manchester and Salford 236 Whitehaven. Cal. Assoc. 363 Barrow St. Andrew's Soc. 753 Westmorland St. Andrew 366 Liverpool. Society. 417 Burnley and District. 754 Thornton Cleveleys and Dis· 436 Walney Jolly Beggars Ladies. trict Scottish Society. 572 Chester Cal. Assoc. 780 Isle of Man Cal. Soc. 798 Aintree Burns Club. Secretary: David Brotchie, 6 Eshe Road, Blundell Sands, Liverpool 88 LIST OF DISTRICTS

XVII. Yorkshir~ Clubs: 1 Member. 551 Scarborough Cal. Soc. 783 Huddersfield and District 555 Harrogate St. Andrew's Soc. Scottish Society. 718 St. Andrew Society of York. 808 Pontefract and Dist. Cal. Soc. 722 Bridlington Cal. Society. 812 The St. Andrew's Society of 763 Wakefield Cal. Soc. Bradford. Secretary: Stanley Mcintosh, 24 West Street, Scarborough.

XVill. North and East Midlands of England-17 Clubs: 2 Members. 11 Chesterfield Cal. Soc. 556 Doncaster Cal. Soc. 17 Nottingham. 563 Norfolk Cal. Soc. 55 Derby 584 Corby. 329 Newark and District. 606 Rockingham. 405 Sheffield Cal. Soc. 706 North Lindsey Scots Society. 439 Barnsley Scottish Soc. 720 Retford Cal. Soc. 454 Rotherham. 742 Scots Society of St. Andrew, 461 Leicester Cal. Soc. Norwich. 528 Loughborough Scottish 746 Grimsby and District Cal. Soc. Soc. Secretary:

XlX. West Midlands of England-10 Clubs: 1 Member. 167 Birmingham. 683 Stratford upon Avon and 296 Walsall. District Cal. Soc. 553 Wolverhampton. 707 Malvern Scots Club. 751 Worcester Scots Society. 559 Coventry Cal. Soc. 777 Nuneaton Scottish Society. 661 Leamington and Warwick 801 Hurley and District Cal. Soc. Scottish Society. Secretary: T. Dunkley Hogg, 143 Sandwell Road, Birmingham, 21.

XX. South-Western England-8 Clubs: 1 Member. 120 Bristol. 721 Plymouth Burns Club. 446 Herefordshire. 758 Bath and District Cal. Soc. 462 Cheltenham Scottish Soc. 774 Gloucester Scottish Soc. 535 Plymouth and District Cal. 798 Exeter and District Cal. Soc. Soc. Secretary: Mrs. Dora Dodd, 7 The Dell, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. XXI. Wales-2 Clubs: 1 Member. 444 Swansea and West Wales. 776 Pembrokeshire Cal. Soc.

XXII. Ireland-3 Clubs: 1 Member. 15 Belfast. 183 Londonderry. 406 Dublin St. Andrew's Soc. Secretary: George Roddick. THE BURNS FEDERATION 89

XXIlI. Africa-I Club: 1 Member. 764 The Plateau (Northern Nigeria).

XXIV. Australia-8 Clubs: 1 Member. 511 Perth. 712 N. and W. Melbourne Scot- 523 Highland Society of N.S.W. tish Society. 566 Scottish Soc. and Burns Club 716 Royal Cal. Society of of Australia. Melbourne. 711 Victorian Scottish Union. 726 Melbourne. 792 Scottish Dancing and Society Club (Regd.), Adelaide.

XXV. New Zealand-3 Clubs: l Member. 69 Dunedin. 497 St. Andrew (Wellington). 636 Gisborne.

XXVI. Canada-ll Clubs: 1 Member. 197 Winnipeg. 561 London (Ontario). 303 Victoria (B.C.) St. Andrew's 571 Edmonton. Soc. 575 Windsor (Ont.)Jean Armour. 344 Ladysmith (B.C.). 689 Prince Rupert (B.C.). 476 Border Cities (Ont.). 710 The Burns Literary Society of 501 Galt. Toronto. 779 St. Maurice Valley, Quebec.

XXVII. India-1 Club: l Member. 355 Calcutta.

XXVIII. U.S.A.-17 Clubs: 2 Members. 220 St. Louis. 453 Philadelphia Ladies' 238 Atlanta. Auxiliary. 271 Trenton. 493 Akron. 284 Philadelphia. 498 Flint. 320 Troy. 518 Ye Auld Cronies, Ohio. 331 Buffalo. 525 FlintJollyBeggars. 354 Royal Order of Scottish 557 Atlanta Ladies. Clans. 594 Cuyahoga County. 381 GreaterNewYorkMasonic. 701 Detroit. 413 San Francisco St. Andrew's Soc. Secretary: Howard D. Whinnery, 560 Fourth Avenue, North Troy, New York, U.S.A.

XXIX. Near and Middle East-1Club:1 Member. 771 Caledonian Society, Karachi, Pakistan.

XXX. Europe-2 Clubs: l Member. 727 The St. Andrew Society of 782 Bergen Burns Club, Denmark. Norway. LIST OF PAST PRESIDENTS 1885-1899 : Provost Peter Sturrock, Kilmarnock. 1899-1906 : Provost David Mackay, Kilmarnock. 1906:1907 : David Murray, M.A., B.Sc., Kilmarnock. 1908-1909 : William Wallace, M.A., LL.D., Glasgow. 1909-1910 : Captain David Sneddon, V.D., Kilmarnock. 1910-1923 : Duncan McNaught, LL.D., Kilmaurs. 1923-1927 : Sir Robert Bruce, D.L., LL.D., Glasgow. 1927-1930 : Sir Joseph Dobbie, S.S.C., Edinburgh. 1930-1933 : Sir Alexander Gibb, G.B.E., C.B., London. 1933-1937 : Ninian Macwhannell, F.R.I.B.A., Glasgow. 1937-1943 : M. H. McKerrow, F.S.A.Scot., Dumfries. 1943-1946 : John S. Clarke, J.P., Glasgow. 1946-1948 : Sir Patrick Dollan, D.L., LL.D., J.P., Glasgow. 1948-1950 : Thomas B. Goudie, Hamilton. 1950-1951 : John McVie, O.B.E., M.S.M., Edinburgh. 1951-1952 : James R. Crawford, F.S.A.Scot., Norwich. 1952-1953 : J. Kevan McDowall, F.S.A.Scot., Glasgow. 1953-1954 : John W. Oliver, M.A., D.Litt., Edinburgh. 1954-1955 : A. Wilson Boyle, C.A., Ayr. 1955-1956 : John E. Barbour,Bristol. 1956-1957 : Alex Macmillan, M.A., Ed.B., Irvine.

List of places at which the Annual Conference of the Council has been held. 1885-93 Kilmarnock. 1925 Edinburgh. 1894 Glasgow. 1926 Perth. 1895 Dundee. 1927 Derby. 1896 Kilmarnock. 1928 Aberdeen. 1897 Greenock. 1929 Troon. 1898 Mauchline. 1930 Greeno ck. 1899 Dumfries. 1931 Hawick. 1900 Kilmarnock. 1932 Stirling. 1901 Glasgow. 1933 London. 1902 Greenock. 1934 Glasgow. 1903 Edinburgh. 1935 Ayr and Kilmarnock. 1904 Stirling. 1936 Elgin. 1905 Hamilton. 1937 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1906 Kilmarnock. 1938 Dumfries. 1907 Sunderland. 1940-46 Glasgow. 1908 St. Andrews. 1947 Dunoon. 1909 Dunfermline. 1948 Stirling. 1910 Lanark. 1949 Mauchline. 1911 Glasgow. 1950 Bristol. 1912 Carlisle 1951 Montrose. 1913 Galashiels. 1952 Norwich. 1915-19 Glasgow. 1953 Paisley. 1920 London. 1954 Sheffield. 1921 Dunfermline. 1955 Edinburgh. 1922 Birmingham. 1956 Cheltenham. 1923 Ayr. 1957 Aberdeen. 1924 Dumfries. The Council did not meet in 1914 and in 1939. THE BURNS FEDERATION MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COUNCIL

BEACH BALLROOM, ABERDEEN, 14th September, 1957.

The Annual Conference of the Bums Federation was held here to-day at 10 a.m. The President, Mr. Alex. Macmillan, M.A., Ed.B., occupied the chair and was accompanied by Mr. Jas. B. Hardie, vice­ President, and the officials. Eighteen members of the Executive Committee were present. Greetings to the Council and apologies were intimated from Mr. Jas. T. Picken, Hon. President, Australia, Mr. A. Wilson Boyle, Hon. President, Mr. William Boyle, Hon. vice-President, Mr. Jas. R. Crawford, Past President, and Mr. Hamish H. Rae. The following 81 Clubs and Societies were represented by 145 delegates:- Kilmamock, No. O; London, l; Chesterfield Caledonian Society, 11; Greenock, 21; Edinburgh, 22; Rosebery (Glasgow), 36; Aberdeen, 40; Strathearn, 42; Bridgeton, 49; Derby Scottish Association, 55; Cupar, 62; Sandyford (Glasgow), 68; New Zealand Association, 69; Carlisle, 71; Brechin, 76; Sunderland, 89; Burns Howff, Dumfries, 112; "Ninety" (Edinburgh), 124; Bristol Caledonian Society, 126; Scottish (Glasgow), 153; Dar­ lington, 158; Glasgow and District Bums Association, 169; Blair­ adam Shanter, 184; Ayrshire Association, 192; Jolly Beggars, Gorebridge, 198; Eskdale, 217; Dumfries, 226; Uddingston Masonic, 237; Glasgow Masonic, 263; Ayr, 275; Burns House Club, 295; Edinburgh Ayrshire Association, 307; Mauchline, 310; Bingry Jolly Beggars, 326; Calcutta, 355; Jean Armour Club, Baillieston, 372; Rosebery (Kilbirnie), 377; Edinburgh District B.C. Association, 378; Mary Campbell, Cambuslang, 387; Annan Ladies, 393; Colinton, 398; Sheffield Caledonian Society, 405; Arrochar and Tarbet, 421; Walney Ladies, 436; Dumfries Ladies (1), 437; Barnsley Scottish Society, 439; Rotherham and District Scottish Association, 454; Stonehaven (Fatherland), 458; Cheltenham Caledonian Society, 462; Denny Cross, 469; St. Giles, Elgin, 470; Renfrewshire B.C. Association, 472; Queen of the South Ladies, 479; Harrow and District Caledonian Society, 492; Galt, Canada, 501; Southern Counties, Dumfries, 530; Harrogate St. Andrew's Society, 555; Fort Matilda, Greenock, 576; Lanarkshire B.C. Association, 578; Cumbrae, 580; Solway, 589; Glaisnock B.C., 596; Coalsnaughton B.C., 630; Symington B.C., 632; Valley o' Doon Ladies, 666; Banchory Bums and Social Club, 686; Pirnhall, 690; St. Andrew Society of York, 718; Retford and District Caledonian Society, 720; 92 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Melbourne (Australia), 726; St. Andrew Society of Denmark, 727; Aberdeen Burns Study Circle, 733; Romford Scottish Society, 743; Northumberland and Durham Caledonian Society, 745; Colmonell, 752; Sunderland and District Caledonian Society, 759; Laurencekirk, 767; Karachi, Pakistan, 771; Bergen, Norway, 782; Longcroft and Bonnybridge and District, 795.

SECRETARY'S REPORT Commenting on the report, the Secretary said that stress had been laid on the arrangements that were being made for the bi-centenary year and they would like to know what the delegates were prepared to do to help them. Finance would be important an thing in this endeavour and a letter had been sent out in that connection. The Secretary added that, too late for inclusion in the report, he had received from the Burgh Surveyor of Ayr a full report on the condition of the Auld Brig there. This year £200 had been spent on repairs to the bridge. The report was unanimously adopted.

ANNUAL REPORT "Again the silent wheels of time Their annual round have driv'n." Time has indeed passed on silent wheels during the past year and one feels that no sooner is an annual report issued, than another report is in course of preparation. In this report there is much that is encouraging, and perhaps a little which is disappointing. The encouraging part is the large number of inquiries received regarding reference books on the Life and Work of the Poet, and many on the question of the Federation's pro­ posals to celebrate the Bi-centenary of his birth. This is a very healthy sign which shows that there is still a lively interest in Burnsiana amongst the members of many Societies and Clubs. For many years the Executive Committee has appealed for more co-operation between the Club Secretaries and the Officials of the Federation. Official circulars are sent out periodically which require immediate attention, and the Executive Committee is perturbed at the laxity shown many by Club Secretaries by their failure to respond. I would urge the importance of immediate attention being given to all official communications. As you read this report only twelve months will separate us from the Bi-centenary of the Poet's birth. The Committee appointed to make arrangements for this important event has had many meetings, details of which will be found in a report MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 93 on the work of the Bi-centenary Committee. Early in the year the new Burns Federation Song Book was published, and the report on the sales is very encouraging. There is considerable dubiety regarding the Bi-centenary Dinner being arranged by the Executive Committee for the 24th of January, 1959, and I would like to make it clear to all Clubs and Societies that this is not designed to interfere with the special arrangements being made by them for individual functions. OBITUARY The ranks of the great personalities in the Burns Federa­ tion are now becoming sorely depleted, and it is with sincere regret that I have to record the death of Dr. John W. Oliver, as Past President of the Federation. This is a grievous loss indeed, not only to the Federation, but to Scotland and Scot­ tish literature. A man of outstanding literary attainment, he took a leading part in the affairs of the Saltire Society and kindred societies, but it was, perhaps, in his work for the Burns Federation that we knew him best. For a number of years he acted as Convener of the Scottish Literature Com­ mittee and subsequently was elected as President of the Federation. In both these offices he presided with grace and dignity and was unsparing in sharing his knowledge of all things pertaining to the literature of Scotland. Dr. Oliver's services at Burns functions were given freely, and his know­ ledge of the Life and Work of the Poet was unsurpassed. A well-known broadcaster in the Scottish Home Service, he had just recently been appointed to the Broadcasting Council for Scotland. It is impossible in a notice such as this to give full justice to the many achievements of Dr. Oliver, it is enough that we know that he has left his mark in no uncertain way on the literature of Scotland. We will remember him for his kindliness and geniality, and for all those qualities which are the ingredients of greatness, and for his ungrudging services as a member of the Executive Committee. "The social, friendly, honest man, Whate'er he be, 'Tis he fulfils great Nature's plan, And none but he." The funeral took place on the 27th of March and the Federa­ tion was represented by John McVie, Hon. President, J. Renwick Vickers, Hon. Vice-President, James Veitch, Hon. Editor, Burns Chronicle, Fred. J. Belford, Hon. Secretary, Schools' Competition, A. Neil Campbell, W. J. King Gillies, 94 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE C. J. Cousland, A. Y. Crawford, William Black, Hon. Treasurer, and John M. Irving, Hon. Secretary. At the Quarterly Meeting, President Alex. Macmillan paid suitable tribute to Dr. Oliver and a letter of condolence was sent to Miss Oliver, in name of the Federation. MEMBERSIUP The number of Clubs on the Roll in the 1957 Chronicle (corrected to the 3lst of October, 1956) was 352. Affiliations accepted from that date until the 30th of April, 1957, numbered 5, giving a total of 357 at that date. During the year resignations were received from 4 aubs, 2 were reported defunct, and are as follows :­ Resignations- 593. Barrmil1 Jolly Beggars. 548. Leeds Caledonian Society. 521. Waratah-Mayfield, Australia. 545. Paramatta, Australia. Defunct- 399. St. Ringan's Burns Club, Stirling. 736. Maltby Caledonian Society. At the end of the financial year 6 Clubs were in arrear with the Annual Subscription for two years and now come under the application of Rule 8 (c) and fall to be removed from the Roll :- 623. Kilwinning Burns Club. 635. Tranent Jean Armour. 651. Dalkeith Plough. 654. Ormiston Yew Tree. 380. Falkirk Cross Keys. 675. Federated Caledonian Society of Southern Africa. 593 Barrmill and 623 Kilwinning to be retained on the Roll for further investigation. The active membership at the 30th of April, 1957, was thus reduced by the above to 347. Since then 4 new affilia­ tions and 1 re-affiliation have been accepted and are included in the list of admissions for the year. New Clubs admitted during the Year- 803. Bowhill People's Bums Oub-Cardenden. 804. Kirkoswald Shanter Burns Club-Kirkoswald. 805. Rowallan Jolly Beggars' Burns Club-Thornliebank. 806. Gorebridge Masonic Burns Club-Gorebridge. 807. Torpedo Factory Bums Club-Greenock. 808. Pontefract and District Caledonian Society - Pontefract. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 95 809. Damside Jolly Beggars' Burns Club-Allanton. 810. The "Thirty-Seven" Burns Club-Dykehead. 811. Logangate Burns Club-Cumnock. Re-afflliation- 349. The Howff Burns Club-Kilmarnock.

QUARTERLY MEETINGS The Quarterly Meetings of the Executive Committee have been well attended. Three meetings were held in Glasgow and one in Edinburgh. The Sub-Committees have met as the occasion demanded.

MEMORIALS The Memorials for which the Federation is responsible are all in a good state of repair. At Cumnock the "Winsome Willie" Burns Club has under­ taken to have the headstones which mark the graves of Anne Rankine and "Winsome Willie" cleaned and relettered. The expense of the work will be borne by the Club. This gesture by the "Winsome Willie" Club is much appreciated by the Executive Committee. At the Kay Park, Kilmarnock, the work of restoration is now complete and the opportunity was taken recently to thank the Town Council for the very fine job done in cleaning and restoring this beautiful monument. The President drew the attention of Provost Cairns to the state of the Catalogue, and the Provost promised to look into the matter. The Edinburgh District Burns Qubs' Association continue to keep their interest in having improvements carried out on the Monument in Regent's Road, Edinburgh.

SCOTTISH LITERATURE COMMITTEE A meeting of the Scottish Literature Committee was held on the 16th of March to consider ways and means of securing earlier publication of the Burns Chronicle. It is the general opinion of the Committee that an earlier publication would be appreciated and that it would tend to increase the sales of the Chronicle. After considering the various points raised on the subject, it was agreed that all Literary matter should be sent in not later than the 3lst of August, and the Annual Reports, etc., not later than the 30th of September. Certain copy relative to the appointment of District Representatives cannot be made available until after the October meeting of the Executive Committee. 96 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Club and Society Secretaries are advised to make use of the form supplied for the purpose of recording the Annual Reports, and to send these in to the Editor, Mr. James Veitch, 8 George Street, Peebles, without delay. An assurance was given by Mr. William B. Scott, repre­ senting Messrs. William Hodge & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, that if the dates suggested for the sending in of copy were adhered to, there was no reason why the Chronicle should not be published by the 15th of December. It is hoped that Secretaries will assist the Committee in this endeavour by sending in their Reports and Orders for the Chronicle as soon as possible.

BI-CENTENARY COMMITTEE In order that the most up-to-date information regarding the celebrations to mark the Bi-centenary of the birth of the Poet, this report is extended to include the meeting held on the 14th of June. The Committee has met on many occasions and many suggestions and proposals have been carefully con­ sidered. That the occasion should be marked by some form of celebration is undisputed, but many of the proposals, while being appropriate, have had to be abandoned due to the expense entailed in their production. A film of the Burns Country, sponsored by the Federation, has been carefully considered, but the production of this could only be done by a guaranteed sum in the Bi-centenary Fund. Items for the programme which have been agreed upon and accepted by the Executive Committee are as follows:- (1) Federation Dinner to be held on Saturday, 24th January, 1959, to which Delegates from Districts will be invited. Time and place yet to be fixed. (2) A Pageant depicting scenes from the Life and Works of the Poet, run in conjunction with Ayr Town Council, and organised by Mr. Alex. Macmillan. This will be staged in Ayr, during the month of July, 1959, and will run for one week. (3 Competition for Artists.-This competition is designed to test the skill of artists by inviting them to paint their impressions from a selection of quotations from the works of the Poet. An Exhibition of the pictures will be held and competent adjudicators will select the winners. The quotations will be selected by Mr. A. Wilson Boyle, Past President. The competition will be open to Art students. Time and place has still to be arranged. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 97 (4) Competition for Poets.-This competition is being organised by a Sub-Committee consisting of Mr. James Veitch (Convener), Mr. John McVie, Mr. A. Neil Campbell and Mr. Fred. J. Belford, and details will be announced at the Conference. (5) An Exhibition to be held in Edinburgh is being organised by the Edinburgh District Burns Clubs' Association, under the Convenership of Mr. W. J. King Gillies. For convenience the Exhibition will be staged in three places: Manuscripts, etc., will be on view in the National Library; Relics, etc., in the Public Library, Huntly House; and the eighteenth­ century exhibits, featuring Burns and his contem­ poraries, in the National Gallery. 16) Commemoration Badge.-The selection of a suitable badge to mark the Bi-centenary was given very careful consideration, but samples received for examination did not appeal to the Committee as being suitable. It was therefore decided to recommend to the Execu­ tive Committee that the existing official badge of the Federation be adopted, with the addition of a bar, suitably inscribed, and that this should be the official badge for the Bi-centenary. (7) Commemoration Stamp.-The issue of a special Com­ memoration Stamp is still being pursued, and Mr. J. Kevan McDowall, who has been corresponding with the Postmaster-General on the subject, was, on the recommendation of the Bi-centenary Committee, authorised by the Executive to continue his endeavour to secure permission for this special feature of the Bi-centenary. (8) Bi-centenary Fund.-It will be fully realised that to carry through successfully the projects mentioned above, a ready and generous response to the appeal which is being made for financial support is essential. I would therefore remind Club and District Secretaries that it is of the utmost importance that the appeal is brought to the notice of their members. Believing that many individuals will be desirous of making per­ sonal donations to the fund, a separate contribution form has been enclosed with the letter of appeal. Should this meet with the success anticipated, the forms, when returned, will be bound in book form and placed as a permanent record of the generosity G 98 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE of <:ontributors to the Bi-centenary Fund, in the files of the Burns Federation. (9) Jean Armour Burns Houses.-One of the highlights of the Bi-centenary year will be the official opening of the new Jean Armour Burns Houses at Mossgiel, Mauchline. This great undertaking by the Glasgow and District Burns Association will, I am sure, com­ mend itself to all Burns enthusiasts, and as a result of the appeal, receive generous contributions to the Building Fund. The new houses will be officially opened during the month of July, 1959. Full details of this project will be given in the Official Programme of the Bi-centenary celebrations.

TARBOLTON BACHELORS' CLUB The Committee of the "Bachelors' Club" continue with their good work. The repairs mentioned in last year's report have been completed and the outside of the building washed ·and painted. During the year a third showcase has been added to the furnishings of the Club, containing Manuscripts, Photostat copies of letters, books, etc., chiefly about the Lochlea and Tarbolton period. These were collected over many years by the Hon. President of the Club, Mr. John McVie, O.B.E., who arranged the exhibits in the showcases. Three Brochures have been printed and are now on sale to visitors, and these were compiled and arranged by Mr. McVie :- (1) The History, Rise and Proceedings of the Original Bachelors' Club. (2) A Historical Note, and Catalogues ol Exhibits. (3) Burns and Tarbolton Masonic Lodges. The National Trust, with the permission of the Ayr County Council, have erected on adjacent trunk roads, road signs directing tourists and visitors to the "Bachelors' Club." The thanks of all interested in Burns lore are due to the Committee, and also to Mr. McVie for this additional attrac­ tion to Tarbolton. THE "BURNS CHRONICLE" The Burns Chronicle of 1957 is perhaps one of the best that has ever been issued, and ft is surprising that so many Clubs are still content to accept the two gratis copies. There is no ·doubt about the Chronicle being indispensable to Club members, and I would urge both Club and District Secretaries to stress its importance. I am convinced that a little enter­ prise by the officials concerned, by ensuring that each member MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 99 had the opportunity to purchase the Chronicle would reap good rewards, not only in sales, but in the mine of informa­ tion which the Chronicle contains.

SCHOOLS' COMPETITIONS The past year has seen a new high level of achievement in the Schools' Competitions and Mr. Fred. J. Belford, Hon. Secretary of the competitions, must be congratulated on the success which increases year by year in every section of the competitions. Over 104,000 pupils took part in the Federation Competitions, and..8000 in competitions organised by various Clubs. Full details will be found in Mr. Belford's report on the competitions. DECLARATION OF ARBROATH The Hon. Treasurer, Mr. William Black, has still on hand a supply of the Declarations and these may be obtained froni him at the price of £1 1/-. FEDERATION SONG BOOK The new Burns Federation Song Book was published early in the year and has had a very fine reception. Over 4000 copies have been sold and, while this has given the Executive Committee great satisfaction, it is to Mr. John McVie and his associate, Mr. George Short, that the credit belongs and the thanks of the Federation due. During the month of March a recital of the songs was broadcast by Mr. Duncan Robertson of the Saltire Singers, and this made a good impression. The Song Book is published by the McDougall Educational Co., Ltd., Edinburgh. TAM o' SHANTER MUSEUM, AYR As reported last year, the old Tam o' Shanter Inn, situated in High Street, Ayr, has been converted into a Museum. On the 19th of January, 1957, it was officially opened and over 300 representatives from Burns Clubs throughout Scotland attended. The Museum was declared open by Senior Bailie W. Glendinning, acting for the Provost, and the platform party included Mr. Emrys Hughes, M.P., Mr. William Ross, M.P., and Mr. Alex. Macmillan, President of the Burns Federation. The Secretary of Ayr Burns Club, Mr. John Gray, outlined the negotiations which had taken place between Ayr Town Council officials and Ayr Burns Club over a number of years to preserve this historic building as a Memorial to Robert Burns. In 1932, when it was learned that the property was to be sold, Ayr Burns Club felt that something had to be done to 100 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE prevent the building from being demolished, and possibly removed to America for re-erection because of the remarkable story of Tam o' Shanter. The response to the appeal for funds launched by Ayr Burns Club to the Burns Clubs throughout the world justified the effort. The tale of Tam o' Shanter will outlive the Museum which is now established, but a few generations at least will have visible evidence of a very remarkable story. Ayr Town Council, by its decision to preserve the Tam o' Shanter Inn, has earned the esteem and thanks of Burns lovers throughout the world.

CONCLUSION In the foregoing report I have outlined what has been done during the past year. I have also endeavoured to present the picture of future activities. Much remains to be done if the Committee . is to carry out successfully the many projects planned for the Bi-centenary year. The enthusiasm of the Executive Committee and the Sub-Committees is very real, but it will require a similar enthusiasm on the part of the Clubs and Societies to ensure the success of the Executive Committee's endeavour. In conclusion, I would thank the President and the Office­ bearers for their assistance and support during the past year.

April, 1957. JoHN M. IRVING, Hon. Secretary.

TREASURER'S REPORT The Treasurer said that at the moment fourteen Clubs were in arrears and he had tried every possible way of getting the subscriptions from these Clubs. He thought it would have to be left to the district representatives to make a personal appeal to the Clubs. With regard to the Bi-Centenary Fund, within the last ten days he had received thirty-six guineas from twelve subscribers-Clubs and members of the Executive. The fund now stood at £173 19s. The report, which appears on pages 110-115, was unani­ mously adopted.

"BURNS CHRONICLE" Mr. Veitch said that although sales were not as high as usual the Chronicle had managed to clear itself but the matter of sales went back to the question of the Clubs that took only their gratis copies. If anybody had an inspired idea they would be very pleased to hear of it. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 101 The President said that last year he had made an appeal to the delegates to support the Chronicle to a much greater degree than they had ever done before. They had not done so. Would they mind indicating why? Mr. T. W. Dalgleish, Kilmarnock, said they did not receive their copies until after the anniversary dinner and that had a very serious effect in trying to dispose of them. Mr. Veitch said the literary section was already in book form and they were waiting on the section about the Clubs. The Chronicle was definitely coming out in December this year. The President-We admit that there was a slip-up with the publishers last year but that was not the reason why the sales went down. The reason was that the price was increased. Do you think that the Chronicle is not worth the price? Mr. J. A. Lawson, Darlington, wondered if it would not have been a better proposition to keep the price down and sell more copies. , Mr. E. F. Young, Cheltenham, said that from his experience he would say that it was the question of late delivery that had brought down the demand in his Society from fifty last year to twelve this year. The same thing applied to the Christmas cards. He had had the Christmas cards given to him two days before Christmas, which was ridiculous. Mr. J. E. Barbour, Bristol, said he supported Mr. Dalgleish and Mr. Young about the sale of the Chronicle. When they had gatherings of anything from 150 to 300 people the Secretary had copies of the Chronicle and went round the room with them. The President-Your orders for the Chronicle go in in October when you do not know when it is going to come to you and your orders were not big enough. You have not answered my question-Why were the orders not big enough? Mr. R. Miller, Greenock, said the first meeting of his Club was in October. It was difficult to assess the need until they had met members. Their November meeting was in the form of a St. Andrew's Dinner and if copies of the Chronicle were available then he was sure they could sell them. Mr. J. Deas, Glasgow, expressed the view that the Clubs that took only two or three copies should be ashamed of them­ selves. It was their responsibility to sell the Chronicle. Mr. R. H. Duguid, Calcutta, said he noted from the report that his Club took the largest number of copies. It was because their annual subscription covered the Chronicle. Would it not 102 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE be possible for the Clubs to make their annual subscription cover the Chronicle? Mr. John Wilson, London, said they had a monthly meeting in London so that it did not worry them whether the Chronicle came to them in January or not. While the ordinary member was probably interested in the literary articles in the Chronicle, however, he was not so much interested in the detailed reports from Clubs and the lists of office-bearers, and possibly' thought the Chronicle's price was a bit high for these articles, good as they were. Would it not be possible to find some other means of circulating the information about Clubs which meantime appeared in the Chronicle? Dr. J. S. Montgomerie, Sunderland, said the Chronicle in its present form suited him and its standard had never been higher. If they could interest the Clubs who were not sending delegates and get them represented there he thought they would be their salesmen for the Chronicle. Dr. J. S. Anderson, Glasgow, asked if it would not be possible for copies to be sent to the various Clubs and a date fixed for the return of unsold copies. Mr. A. Neil Campbell, Edinburgh, expressed the view that it was for the management of each Club to see how best they could dispose of the Chronicle. The President remarked that all their suggestions would be submitted to the Literature Committee. The report, which appears on page 120, was adopted unanimously.

SCHOOLS COMPETITIONS Mr. Belford said they would see from the report that they had a new grand total this year of 116,000 pupils taking part in these competitions. It was refreshing to note that Cheltenham still kept up its association with these Burns Club events and he had had an approach by a lady in England who wished to take part in these competitions. Continuing, Mr. Belford said that the Schools' Competitions Committee had suffered a grievous 'loss by the death of Dr. Oliver. Since the scheme was founded Dr. Oliver had been his right-hand man and he would miss him very much. Mr. A. J. Scrimgeour, Stonehaven, said they got no co-opera­ tion from the schools or the education authority but he assured the Conference that they were now going to co-operate. The President said that if they had any further difficulty he would get into touch with the Director of Education. Mr. W. L. Morren, Renfrewshire, said they knew competitions MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 103 were held by Bums Clubs and Scottish Societies but they did not send in their reports. It would help Mr. Belford if these Clubs were to intimate that they were carrying on this good work among the children. He thought the number of pupils from the senior secondary schools-2,474-could very well be increased. Continuing, Mr. Morren said he would like to say a word about the fine selection of songs that Mr. John McVie had helped to produce. Criticism by the Renfrewshire Music Festival people was that some of the songs were just too adult for pupils in schools but it was up to the music master to select the most suitable from the twenty songs. Mr. R. Miller, Greenock, said he found great difficulty in disposing of them for that very reason. The President said he must offer a word in direct contradic­ tion. The books were selling well. The songs were specially chosen for school children ranging in years from thirteen to eighteen. Mr. McVie in his choice took special precautions that the songs would be understood by the children. He would like to say what great work Mr. McVie had done and he thought he was going to be well rewarded by the information they had received of the number of copies sold in schools in Scotland. Mr. Belford's report, which appears on pages 116-119, was unanimously adopted.

BI-CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS In the absence of the Convener of the Bi-Centenary Com­ mittee, Mr. A. Wilson Boyle, Ayr, the President, Vice-Convener, commented on the proposals of the Committee enumerated in the Secretary's annual report. So far as a film of the Burns Country was concerned, he said, the sum mentioned to them was £5,000 for a twenty-minute film. However, they knew of a sound film in colour which the British Transport Commission had put out entitled "The Land of Robert Burns." Copies of it would be available for showing by various organisations, and there was another film in the making.

COMPETITION FOR ORIGINAL POEM Mr. Veitch intimated with regard to the competition for the best original poem in Scots that the author of the winning poem would receive £50 and the runner-up £25. Dr. C. M. Grieve, world-famous poet and man of letters; Mr. Alexander M. Scott, another noted poet and lecturer in Scottish Literature at Glasgow University; and Mr. David Murison, dis­ tinguished editor of the Scottish National Dictionary, had kindly consented to adjudicate. Entries, which might be on any subject 104 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE and in any metre, must not exceed fifty lines, and each poem must be signed only by a pseudonym. The author must also attach a sealed envelope, with his or her name and address enclosed, and bearing on the outside only his or her pseudonym. Envelopes would not be opened until the final selection was made. The closing date was 30th June, 1958, and winning poems would appear in the 1959 Burns Chronicle, which would be pub­ lished in December of next year. Entries were to be sent to Poetry Competition, Burns Chronicle, 8 George Street, Peebles.

EDINBURGH EXHIBITION Mr. W. J. King Gillies, Edinburgh, reporting on the exhibition to be held in Edinburgh, said they needed money to run this exhibition and they also hoped that many places would give them a loan of suitable items so that it could be a national exhibition. They would see from the letter of appeal that Edinburgh was also intending to place in St. Giles' Cathedral a memorial to Robert Burns.

BI-CENTENARY FUND Speaking of the Bi-Centenary Fund, the President said, if they wanted 1959 to be a real Bi-Centenary year, they would have to help the Committee to collect some cash. Mr. A. Neil Campbell, Convener of the Finance Committee, said this question of contributions to the Bi-Centenary Fund had engaged the attention of the Executive for some time. It had been suggested they might approach some of the large indus­ trial undertakings in Scotland but he was quite sure that any business man would ask the question, "What are you doing for yourselves?" If the Burns Clubs themselves did not lay the foundation of the Bi-Centenary Fund they would get no support from anywhere else. Mr. J. Jackson, Glasgow, asked if the Executive could give them any information as to what their target figure was for this fund. Mr. Campbell-The sky is the limit. If you want it in thousands I would say £25,000. Mr. C. Carmichael, Derby, who said he hoped this appeal would be supported strongly throughout the whole of the Federation, handed a cheque to the Treasurer as "my own little personal reply to the appeal." Mr. Black-Thank you. I hope others will follow suit. If you sign the cheque I will take the advice of the Finance Con­ vener as to the amount I should fill in. (Laughter.) MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 105 Mr. J. Deas said his Club issued cards with an appeal for the Bi-Centenary year. Other Clubs might take collections in that way.

COMMEMORATION STAMP The President, asking what was the purpose of the Commemoration Stamp they were trying to get, said the Burns Federation thoughc it only right and just that Robert Burns on his bi-centenary ought to be commemorated in a British way and this was a way of doing it. The man on the Bi-Centenary Committee who knew more about stamps than any of them was Jack McDowall. When Dr. Hill was Postmaster-General they empowered Mr. McDowall to get into touch with him concern­ ing the Burns stamp, which he did, and they got the usual dusty answer. When Mr. Ernest Marples became Postmaster-General they asked Mr. McDowall to have another go and for the past five months Mr. McDowall, the Postmaster-General, and two Assistant Postmasters-General had been at logger-heads. Those in the Bi-Centenary Committee had received copies of the corre­ spondence and Mr. McDowall had prepared a summary of the argument to put delegates in the picture. Mr. J. Kevan McDowall, Glasgow, gave a detailed account of his correspondence with the Postmaster-General, in which he indicated that since May four requests by the Federation for a stamp had been refused and twice the Postmaster-General bad refused to receive a deputation. Mr. McDowall pointed out that fifteen commemorative issues of postage stamps had been made by the Government since 1924. A formal application by the Federation f.or one or more issues connected with Robert Burns had been made in May. It had been refused. The Federation suggested that if stamps could be issued depicting industries of the Channel Islands, the white cliffs of Dover and various castles, there was no reason why one or more should not depict Burns's cottage. "Six months ago Russia issued a special commemorative stamp bearing a splendid replica of the Naismith Burns," said Mr. McDowall. "It was so successful throughout the world that last week Russia issued a superb new engraved Burns stamp in two colours." Mr. McDowall said that on the previous night Mr. Hector Hughes had approached him and got a copy of this memorandum and he was taking the matter up very strongly. He had asked Mr. Hughes not to make this a party matter but to get someone on the other side of the House to collaborate with him. He thought Sir Thomas Moore was also interested. B 106 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Mr. McDowall concluded by saying that a suggestion aad been made that a personal approach should be made to the Prime Minister, himself the grandson of a Scot. All they asked was that they get a fair deal and he did think that the British Government should recognise the bi-centenary of Robert Burns. The President said he thought they would agree that the correspondence on their side at least had been conducted with courtesy and dignity. He could not say that the same thing obtained on the other side, because three times they had had assistants replying to letters directed to the Postmaster-General himself. While nowadays there were hundreds of young Scots leaving the country, we still had among us bonny fechters. "Are you people determined that we should fight this further?" asked the President, and the response was a chorus of cheers and shouts of "Yes" from the delegates.

B.R. POSTER The President intimated that British Railways had commis­ sioned a well-known Scottish artist to submit a design for a pictorial poster, which was to be displayed on railway billboards and inquiry offices and copies sent to the United States and Canada and to British Railways ,offices on the jContinent of Europe. Members of the Federation Executive had seen this poster and had suggested minor alterations on it. They heartily approved of what was being done in diis connection for the 1959 celebrations. The report on the Bi-Centenary proposals was approved•

. AYRSHIRE MOTION REJECTED In the name of the Ayrshire Association of Burns Clubs the following motion was on the agenda : "District Secretaries should be ex officio members of the Executive Committee." The agenda indicated that the motion was not recommended by the Executive. Mr. J. Milgrew, Ayrshire, speaking to the motion, said that one of the objects in view was to further the purposes of the Federation. The argument against Ayrshire's proposal was that it would make the Executive too big and that a small committee would function more efficiently. He did not think the addition of district secretaries would add very many to the Executive. Mr. R. Paton, Lanarkshire, seconding the motion, said he did not think the membership of the Executive Committee would be increased by more than two or three per cent. if the motion was adopted. The Secretary pointed out there were thirty districts in the 107 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE constituted as Federation but only the Scottish districts were own three Clubs. Each district had the right to nominate their district representatives and there was nothing to hinder a district The pro­ nominating its Secretary as one of its representatives. could expect posal would lead to additional expense and they an additional three attending the meetings. only quo Mr. J. B. Hardie, Glasgow, formally moved the status and was seconded by Mr. R. Donaldson, Glasgow. On a vote the status quo was carried.

ELECTION OF OFFICE-BEARERS Mr. Alex. Macmillan, the retiring President, was unanimously W. Semple, elected an additional hon. President, and Mr. A. elected as Sunderland, who is ninety-seven years of age, was Hon. Vice-President. Mr. Macmillan said one of the Federation's great supporters some was the Kilmarnock Standard and in that newspaper he wanted to months ago there appeared an article from which dying in Seot­ quote the following: "Language and culture are to the the old songs, stories, customs and words creep land; hence, grave with the old men and, possibly two generations Kilmarnock there will be nothing left." That was quoted in the them that Standard from the London Times. He submitted to stated in that the Federation's aim was to prevent what was In other words they required salesmanship not merely article. of the connection with the Burns Chronicle but salesmanship in of the aims of the Federation. It was high time the Executive who could Federation decided to have a Press Relations Officer the Federa­ keep the national Press correctly informed of what like to pay tion was trying to do. As he left his office he would because these tribute to the officials, Mr. Irving and Mr. Black, people knew men did an immense amount of work that most nothing about. Mr. Macmillan formally moved that Mr. James B. Hardie, unanimously Glasgow, be appointed President and this was approved. of. office, After investing the new President with the chain experi­ Mr. Macmillan said that Mr. Hardie was a man with great been chairman ence of committee work of all sorts and he had of a great many organisations. Macmillan Presenting the Past-President's Badge to Mr. Mr. Hardie after taking over chairmanship of the Conference, President. expressed appreciation of the services of the retiring Mr. Hardie then thanked the delegates for the confidence 108 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE

they had placed in him and the high honour they had conferred upon him. Messrs. A. Neil Campbell, Edinburgh, and J. Renwick Vickers, East Boldon, were appointed respectively senior and junior Vice-Presidents, and the following were re-elected to their respective offices: Hon. Secretary, Mr. John M. Irving, Kilmar­ nock; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. William Black, Dumfries; Hon. Editor, Mr. James Veitch, Peebles; Hon. Secretary of Schools Competitions, Mr. Fred J. Belford, Edinburgh; Assistant Hon. Secretary, Mr. Andrew Stenhouse, Glasgow; Auditors, Messrs. Fraser, Lawson & Laing, C.A., Glasgow.

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS The social round began on Friday, when members of the Executive of the Federation and a number of others were the guests of the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Town Council of Aberdeen at luncheon in the Caledonian Hotel. On Friday evening the delegates and their friends were accorded a civic reception in the Beach Ballroom by Lord Provost George Stephen, the first patron of Aberdeen Bums Club, and the Lady Provost, and this was followed by a dance, during which ample refreshments were provided in a well-stocked buffet. At the civic reception Mr. Charles C. Easton, President of Aberdeen Burns Club, presented Mr. Alex. Macmillan with an 1822 edition of Burns's works and Mrs. Macmillan presented the Lady Provost with a bouquet of flowers. Prior to the business meeting on Saturday a wreath was laid by the President at the Bums statue in Union Terrace, which was erected in 1892. The customary conference luncheon took place in the Beach Ballroom immediately after the business meet­ ing. The newly-elected President, Mr. J. B. Hardie, occupied the chair and after an excellent meal the toast of "The City of Aberdeen" was proposed by Mr. A. Neil Campbell, the senior Vice-President, and responded to by the Lord Provost. The City Librarian, Mr. Marcus K. Milne, submitted the toast of "The Bums Federation" and Mr. Hardie replied. The toast of "The Chairman" was proposed by Mr. C. C. Easton. On Saturday afternoon the delegates and their friends enjoyed a bus tour of the city. At the Central Library the new Frank Robertson collection of Bums reference books was inaugurated by Mr. Robertson, who is Hon. President of Aberdeen Burns Oub. Mr. Hardie expressed the thanks of the Federation to the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Town Council for the arrange­ ments they had made for the accommodation of the Burns books. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 109 Another ceremony took place in St. Peter's Cemetery, where John Burness, Stonehaven, a third cousin of Robert Burns, is buried. He is known in the north-east for his authorship of "Thrummy Cap," a legend of the Castle of Fiddes. Two direct descendants of John Burness-Mr. Lawrence Burness of Aber­ deen Burns Club and Mr. Wallace Burness, Vice-President of Stonehaven (Fatherland) Burns Club--were present and laid a wreath on the grave. The remainder of the tour included visits to Rubislaw granite quarry and the King's and Marischal Colleges. In the evening the visitors were the guests at dinner in the Bon-Accord Hotel of Burns Clubs in Aberdeen and northern Scottish counties. Mr. C. C. Easton made a genial chairman and the guests included the Lord and Lady Provost. It was a real Scottish night. On Sunday morning the delegates and friends attended divine service in West Church of St. Nicholas where a sermon appro· priate to the occasion was preached by the Rev. Anderson Nicol. A special collection on behalf of the National Burns Memorial Cottage Homes and the Jean Armour Burns Houses, Mauchline, realised the sum of £23 ls. 7d. In the afternoon visitors were taken on a coach tour through the Mearns, with visits to Clochnahill Farm, Stonehaven (one-time home of the Burnes family), and Glenbervie Churchyard, where some of Burns's fore­ bears are buried. On the return journey the last formal gathering took place at Stonehaven, where the visitors were entertained to tea by the office-bearers and members of Stonehaven (Fatherland) Burns Club. Here Mr. A. J. Scrimgeour, President of the Club, occu­ pied the chair. A welcome was extended by Provost T. Christie. Opportunity was taken by Mr. Hardie to express the thanks of the delegates and friends to the Aberdeen Club and other Clubs. He made special refe~ence to Mr. Charles Easton, Chairman, Mr. James Revie, Vice-Chairman of the Reception Committee, and Miss Ethel Hall, Secretary of Aberdeen Burns Club, who acted as Conference Secretary. In recognition of the immense amount of work she had done, the President handed over a monetary gift to her and in acknowledging this Miss Hall paid warm tribute to all those who had co-operated. The Reception Committee consisted ofoffice-bearers and management committee of Aberdeen Burns Club, with representatives of other Clubs comprising the Northern Scottish Counties District of the Federation, and the following formed an Executive Sub­ committee: Mr. C. C. Easton, Mr. J. Revie, Mr. John Smith, President of Banchory Burns Club, Mr. A. J. Scrimgeour, Mr. John Skinner, President of Turriff Burns Club, and Miss Hall. FINANCIAL REPORT FOR YEAR TO 30th APRIL, 1957. ORDINARY FUND lncome-£1774 5s. 5d. Subscriptions.-The sums collected call for no comment. At the close of the year under review, 49 out of the 357 Clubs on the Roll were in arrear with subscriptions-40 for one year and 9 for two years. In the interval 17 of the 40 have paid their 1956/57 subscription but response has been received from only one of the 9 Clubs which are two years in arrear and which now fall to be dealt with under Rule 8 (c). "Burns Chronicle."-Sales totalled 2536 and realised £639 14s. 6d., compared with 3204 and £624 7s. 4d. in 1955/56, so that the drop in sales negatived any financial gain anticipated from the increase in price. Only one-third of the Clubs on the Roll gave orders for more than the two gratis copies. Adver­ tisers took up 31 pages which realised a net sum of £290 6s. 6d., compared with 35 pages and £328 17s. 2d. in 1955/56. This is the second successive year in which a drop in receipts from advertising has had to be reported. Sales of Pocket Diplomas show an appreciable increase and stocks bearing the facsimile signature of the former Hon. Secretary are gradually diminishing. Federation Brooch sales show a drop of 50 but it was not expected that the record sales in 1955/56 would be maintained. Christmas Greetings Cards, our new venture in 1956, showed a net surplus of £25 Os. 4d. Conference Receipts by the Local Reception Committee were again in excess of the expenditure and the Cheltenham Committee were able to hand over to us the sum of £59 4s. 2d. General Appeal Funds.-Monies received for organisations in which the Federation is interested are, on receipt, passed on to the Organisations concerned, who, in turn, detail the individual donors in their annual reports. The receipts are inserted in our statement for record purposes only. The majority of affiliated Clubs and Societies who interest them­ selves in the finances of these organisations remit their contri­ butions direct; nevertheless, it is gratifying to note that the sum recorded in 1956/57 is double that of 1955/56. Income Tax Recovered.-This entry appears for the last time, as the Income Tax Authorities have agreed that assess­ ments should not be raised, and subsequently refunded, in respect of Bank Interest accruing in the Scottish Literature, Central, and Laing Waugh Funds. Expenditure-£1503 lls. 7d. As will be seen from the statement, there is little variation over the two years in the majority of the items of expenditure. Income Tax.-The reduction in this item is, as already explained, accounted for by the new system of assessing liability for tax. Conference Expenses.-Higher printing costs, hotel charges, and railway fares are responsible for the increase of £38. The expenditure in this item is applicable wholly to functions for which the Federation, as distinct from the Local Reception Committee, is responsible. "Burns Chronicle."-The quantity printed, 3500 copies, was the same as for 1956. The 1957 issue was curtailed in volume by 24 pages letterpress, 4 pages advertisements and 2 pages of illustrations but the rising printing and other production costs, of which we were warned a year ago, offset any saving we might otherwise have expected.

It is pleasing to record a surplus of £270 13s. lOd. of income over expenditure as compared with £186 in 1955/56. The credit balance in the Ordinary Fund as at 30th April, 1957, was increased to £1213 7s. 6d. ANCILLARY FUNDS Scottish Literature Fund.-Royalties on sales of Scots Readers reached the highest ever level of £152 16s. ld. and enabled us more or less to meet expenditure on School Competitions. The £400 appearing on the expenditure side can be treated as a loan towards the production of the Burns Federation Song Book and it is expected that receipts from sales will soon be made available to us. Too much stress cannot be laid on our indebtedness to Mr. John McVie who, as has been stated in previous years, had the foresight to reach agreement in terms so favourable to the Federation with the publishers of the Scots Readers. We look forward to similar results in due course from the sale of the Burns Federation Song Book. Central Fund.-Bank interest was sufficient to enable us to make a contribution in response to an appeal for the Fabric Fund of the Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton. Laing Waugh Memorial Fund.-In accordance with custom, the bank interest on this Fund was utilised for the purchase of prizes for competitors attending Schools in Nithsdale. Bi-Centenary Fund.--clubs are no doubt awaiting an appeal by the Committee before deciding as to the amount of donation to be made. WILLIAM BLAC%, Hon. Treasurer. l I 8

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This annual report on the School Competitions for the past year is again a most satisfar;tory one. The numbers of schools and pupils taking part continue to show a steady increase both with respect to the recitation of Scots poems and the written examination on the pieces prescribed for study. From schools and Burns Clubs the grand total is 116,181 competitors, a rise of 12,526 over last year's figures, but this number would be considerably augmented if all the Clubs which hold competitions would send in their returns. It is known that more than twenty-two Clubs shown in this report hold annual competitions. A truer picture of the widespread interest in the study of Scottish Literature and Music would be shown if the Secretaries concerned would attend to this matter. The introduction of the new Burns Federation Song Book into the schools has met with instant success and, as will be seen from the subjoined table, over 8000 pupils have taken part in this new venture of the Schools Committee. It is fully expected that as the new Song Book becomes better known an appreciable increase in the number of competitors in this sphere of the Federation's activities will be forthcoming. It has been felt for some time by the Schools Committee that the range of poems suitable for examination in Primary 7 classes has been rather limited when confined to the "Scots Reader" Book I, and so for the 1958 competition it has been decided to include two poems from "Bairnsangs," and this collection of poems is being recommended to the schools. The number of Burns Clubs which undertake Children's Competitions also shows a substantial increase. Singing and recitation naturally play a major part here, and in some cases choirs are included. To those who so willingly and efficiently give of their time and labour the thanks of the Burns Federa­ tion are due. Without the co-operation of the Directors of Education, the headmasters and staffs of the schools concerned, the grow­ ing interest in the study of Scottish poetry and song could not be maintained, and to them also grateful thanks fall to be accorded. Ill Ill Ill 41 [(.! ""0 N .... ·i:: 8.., ... 't:I Ill ·;:: u .... 41 Q.. ul' ~ rJ 't:I 41 ....0 - CLUB 8 ~ ~ S' 0 0 -5 0 0 0 ~~ ~1 Z1:1.1 zu i:Q {I.I 0 u< Auchterderran Jolly Beggars - 1 30 6 6 Ayr - 10 1200 52 37 Cambuslang & District 6 108 9 7 60 Cheltenham Scottish Society - 1 11 3 2 Coalsnaughton - 2 97 14 12 CoyI ton 1 30 12 12 Hamilton - 4 657 15 Inverness - 2 354 15 Irvine 5 1200 40 50 Kilbimie United 4 170 22 6 Longcroft, Bonnybridge & District 7 236 14 Mauchline - 1 24 24 2 12 Newcraighall "Poosey Nancy" - 2 300 4 20 Newbattle & District - 2 343 12 4 4 Renfrewshire B.C. Association 17 1412 49 34 Rutherglen 6 3000 12 9 66 St. Giles, Elgin - 1 120 16 16 Southern Scottish Counties - - 25 962 77 125 Strathpeffer 2 70 4 12 Troon 1 350 20 20 Tullibody & Cam.bus - 2 90 2 2 West Kilbride - 1 250 26

103 11,014 448 24 484 SCOTTISH LITERATURE COMPETITION-1957 ' No. of Pupils

LITBRATUKB --- Education No. of Committee Schools t' ..... t' ~ «IC> Os:l.. i;f ·a o i .u .~ .. ::di! ·eJ ~ ~ .... tll 00 ~

Aberdeen ...... 21 4,137 640 480 - 5,257 Dundee ...... 17 3,263 386 456 . 45 4,150 Edinburgh ... 80 16,413 4,244 2,525 124 23,308 Glasgow ...... 28 5,637 753 698 643 7,731 Aberdeenshire ... 26 1,305 306 656 - 2,267 Angus ...... 11 587 107 187 - 881 Argyll ...... 5 8 42 88 - 138 Ayrshire ...... 41 5,935 1,295 3,700 - 10,930 Banft'shire ...... 13 235 114 333 164 846 Berwickshire ... 2 56 10 - - 66 Bute ...... 5 393 83 - - 476 Caithne111 ...... 5 104 51 35 9 199 Clackmannanshire 6 1127 156 591 - 1,574 Dumfriesahire ... 4 231 43 54 - 328 Dunbartonshire ... 9 1,207 219 482 30 1,938 East Lothian ... 6 730 185 871 141 1,927 Fife ...... 50 6,560 l,364 2,649 80 10,653 Invernesshire ... 2 87 19 200 - 306 h..irkcudbrightshire 2 46 10 - - 56 Lanarkshire ... 26 2,137 614 1,283 92 4,126 Midlothian ... 14 1,312 546 J, 178 45 3,081 Moray and Nairn ... 7 720 193 289 35 l,237 Orkney ...... l - 60 - - 60 Peeblesshire ... 4 253 59 163 - 475 Perth and Kinross 16 816 264 386 762 2,228 Renfrewshire ... 13 1,134 256 383 27 1,800 Ro88 and Cromarty 3 49 l 46 - 96 Roxburghshire ... 10 1,212 223 485 20 1,940 Selkirkshire ... 3 88 36 - 40 164 Shetland ... 1 20 - 60 - 80 Stirlingshire ... 15 3,163 556 2,131 217 6,067 Sutherland ...... 1 51 29 15 - 95 West Lothian ... 4 656 138 205 - 999 Wigtownshire ... 5 620 144 326 - 1,090 ------Total ... 456 59,992 13,146 20,955 2,474 96,567 No. of Pupils

MUSIC ... :i No. of ~ .. ..,, ... Gr&lld Total CertillcaMI• S' Oi::I oi::t a.a awarded .§ ·~""" 0 ·~ 0 8i::1 i .. §¥ =" "al 0 p., ... 00 0000'""'

FRED. J. BELFORD, Hon. Secretary, Schools Competitions. THE "BURNS CHRONICLE."

The 1956 Burns Chronicle was, as stated in last year's report, the largest issue since 1936. Owing to soaring costs in the printing trade, however, it was impossible to maintain this size. We were advised that, if we were to avoid heavy finan­ cial loss, it would be essential to reduce the number of pages and to increase the price. The Scottish Literature Committee considered the matter carefully before deciding that they must recommend these measures. Even so, it ought to be remem­ bered that, for a publication of this nature, the price of the Burns Chronicle (5s. paper, 7s. 6d. cloth) is by no means exorbitant under present economic conditions. Nevertheless, there has been a drop in the sales of the 1957 Burns Chronicle. Publication was later than anticipated, but the main fault lies, as usual, in too many Clubs accepting only their two gratis copies. It may be suggested that a strong appeal ought to be made to the Secretaries of these Clubs; but this has been done more than once in the past without success. The fact remains that· the support of such Clubs is now required more than ever before. Another disturbing feature is a decrease in the number of advertisers, for, at the moment, advertising is the life-blood of the Burns Chronicle. It is to be hoped, therefore, that a special effort will be made by all Clubs to increase sales and advertising next year in readiness for the Bi-centenary Number. The 1958 Burns Chronicle will be published in December. Clubs which purchased SO or more copies:- Calcutta 103 copies Dumfries 102 ,, Atlanta 64 " Edinburgh Ayrshire 54 " Kilmarnock 52 " London 52 " Border Cities 52 ,,

JAMES VEITCH, Editor. BURNS CLUB NOTES

0 : KILMARNOCK BURNS CLUB On 22nd January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was pro­ posed by Mr. A. Wilson Boyle. With us as guests of honour were Col. Stuart and Lieut.-Col. Beth of the U.S.A.F. based at Prestwick, both of whom were presented with a volume of the Poet's works as a memento of the occasion. A St. Andrew's Night Dinner was held on 27th November, 1956, our guest speaker being the Rev. E. Hewitt of Newmilns. On 22nd June,1957, a party of members, wives, and friends toured the Ayr Burns Country under the leadership of President T. W. Dalgleish. The route was by Ayr, Tarbolton, and Mauchline, with stops at the Tam o' Shanter Inn, the Clay Biggin', Brig o' Doon, Tarbolton Bachelors' Club and Willie's Mill. The party was welcomed in Mauchline by a number of officials of Mauchline Burns Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Wallace Chambers, Kilmarnock. R. McCALL, Hon. Secretary. 1: THE BURNS CLUB OF LONDON Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by A. Wilson Boyle, Esq., C.A., on 25th January, 1957. In addition to the normal monthly meetings of the Verna­ cular Circle, a joint meeting with the Robert Louis Stevenson Club (London) took place on 12th April, 1957, when Mr. G. S. Fraser delivered an address on "Some Scottish Writers." A similar meeting has been arranged for next winter. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Second Monday of each month from October to March, Royal Scottish Corporation, Fetter Lane, London, E.C.4. A. F. ROBERTSON, Hon. Secretary. 9: ROYALTY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Andrew D. Macnair. On 26th November, 1956, our St. Andrew's Night Dinnet took place. The Annual 'Bus Drive was to Girvan and Alloway on 23rd May, 1957. 122 BURNS CLUB NOTES Four rinks were entered for the McLennan Cup Bowling Competition. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Meetings arranged when necessary at 113 Renfield Street, Glasgow, C.2. ALBERT H. GRAY, Hon. Secretary. 11 : CHESTERFIELD AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Fred J. Belford, M.A., F.E.I.S., of Edinburgh. Amongst the greetings from kindred Clubs and Associations was one from the Bergen Burns Oub, Norway. We have had another very successful year and the present season is now in full swing. At our A.G.M. Mr. Tom G. Mather was installed in office, following the retiring President, Mr. John Steven. "Scotch Broth," our annual publication, continues to be popular reading, containing, as it does, a full record of our many activities. Dates and place of Oub Meetings: Various. (Mrs.) M. NICHOLSON, Hon. Secretary. 14: DUNDEE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the President. Our Annual Outing was held on 9th June, 1957, via Montrose, Aberdeen, Banchory, Cairn o' Mount and Brechin. Suppers are held on the middle Wednesday of each month. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly at 37 Union Street. HARRY TAYLOR, Hon. Secretary. 17: NOTTINGHAM SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was given by the Rev. Dr. Wm. Barclay, of Glasgow University. A feature of the evening was the display of the portrait of the "Bard," the work of the President, spot-lighted behind the top table. H. FRANCIS, Hon. Secretary. 21: GREENOCK BURNS CLUB (THE MOTHER CLUB) Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Sir Robert Boothby, K.B.E., M.P. BURNS CLUB NOTES 123 Dates and place of Club Meetings: Quarterly Meetings are held in the Club Rooms, Nicolson Street, Greenock, and social evenings, including a St. Andrew's Night Dinner, are held during the winter months. w. CHRISTIE, Hon. Secretary.

22 : EDINBURGH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Professor W. Croft Dickinson, D.Litt., LL.D. Meetings were held during the months of October, Nov­ ember, December, February and March, the October meeting being addressed by Mr. David Murison, Editor of the Scottish National Dictionary, on "The Characteristics of Scots Poetry" and that held in November by Mr. J. K. Annand, winner of the Burns Chronicle 1956 Competition for the best original poem in Scots, on "The Use of Scots in Poetry To-day." An outing was held in June to places associated with Burns in Edinburgh, Bolton Churchyard, East Lothian, where the Poet's mother and brother Gilbert are buried, and Grants Braes and the well memorial commemorating the residence of the Burns family in that neighbourhood. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Blair Atholl Hotel, Grosvenor Street, at 7.30 p.m. on 16th October, 13th November, llth December, 1957, 12th February, 12th March, 1958. ARCHIBALD GRANT, Hon. Secretary.

33 : GLASGOW HAGGIS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January Major Ian Blackburn proposed the "Immortal Memory." The Collection for the Jean Armour Bums Houses "Building Fund" realised £64. Speakers at our monthly meetings included Mr. Peter Craig­ myle, Mr. J. Percival Agnew, C.A., Mr. Jimmy Brown, Sir Patrick Dollan, D.L., LL.D., J.P., and Mr. C. Edmiston Douglas. The Club is sorry to have to record the death of our imme­ diate Past President, John B. Bodie, J.P. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Central Hotel, second Tuesday, 7.30, October/March. J. LAWRENCE GRANT, Hon. Secretary. 124 BURNS CLUB NOTES

35: DALRY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Cameron Fullarton, Chairman of the Club. In October, 1955, the oldest member of the Club, Mr. Daniel Tait, addressed the Meeting on "The Loves of Burns." In November, 1956, Baillie A. B. MacKay, Glasgow, gave an account of Burns's Works. In December, 1956, a musical evening was held under the direction of Mr. N. G. Clark, a member of the Club. In February, 1957, a lecture was given by Past President Thomas Loudon on "The Haunts and Places of Robert Burns," accompanied by coloured slides. DOUGLASS. G. GORDON, Hon. Secretary. 36: ROSEBERY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, Bailie James M. Aitken proposed the "Immortal Memory." Collection for the Jean Armour Homes was £35 10s. Annual Outing to Stranraer on 26th May, 1957. Two rinks entered for the Mclellan Bowling Trophy. Visit to Mauchline Homes in September. Essay Competition-Possilpark, River­ side and Copland Road Schools. Visitations to Govan, Fairfield, Clydebank and Dalmuir. During the Session the Club was favoured by many excellent speakers. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Third Thursday of each month at Burns House Qub, 27 India Street, Glasgow. ABEY IRVINE, Hon. Secretary. 40: ABERDEEN BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: This was a notable occasion in the history of the Club, because the guest of honour, Lord Provost George Stephen, Aberdeen's Civic head, is the first Patron ever to be chosen by the Club. He proposed the "Immortal Memory." The toast of the Aberdeen Burns Club was proposed by the Director of Publicity to Aberdeen Corporation, Lieut.­ Col. Harry Webber, M.B.E. During the season, the Club had a full programme of interest­ ing and enjoyable events-including St. Andrew's Night Cele­ bration when the speaker was Mr. Gunnar Ljunggren who is Lecturer in Swedish at Aberdeen University and who spoke on the main national festival in his country, St. Lucia. There was the usual annual party for the bairns at Hallowe'en with a competition for the reciting of Bums's poems and singing Burns's songs. At the monthly meeting the usual standard was maintained in speakers and artistes. BURNS CLUB NOTES 125 Membership is still restricted owing to accommodation diffi­ culties, but to try to help to deal with the long waiting list it was agreed to raise the membership figure from 150 to 175. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Second Thursday of the month, Music Hall, Aberdeen. (Miss) ETHEL HALL, Hon. Secretary. 45: CuMNOCK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The President of the Club, Mr. William J. Caldwell, proposed the "Immortal Memory." Dates and place of Club Meetings : Monday before 25th January, each year, in the Dumfries Arms Hotel, Cumnock, where the Club has always met since 1887. R. D. HUNTER, Hon. Secretary. 48: PAISLEY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by President Hugh D-M. Mccutcheon. Greeting Cards from Clubs at home and abroad were on view, together with the first Minute Book of the Club in the handwriting of the poet, Robert Tannahill. The Summer Outing took place on 27th June, 1957, to Inveraray via Dunoon, and returning via Arrochar and Garelochhead. We regret to record the death on 18th January, 1957, of that great student of Burns and Honorary Member of our Club, Rev. James Thomson, Isle of Whithorn. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Tannahill Cottage, Queen Street, Paisley; Monthly-October to March. ALEX. COCHRAN, Hon. Secretary. 49: 111E BRIDGETON BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. John C. Neil, LL.B., F .S.A.(Scotland). The Schools Competitions were held on 14th December, 1956, when 24 Schools, approximately 400 Pupils, competed in Elocution, Singing, and Choir Section. On llth January, 1957, we held our Concert and Prize-giving Ceremony, in the Bridgeton Public Halls, where the President's wife, Mrs. William Law, pre­ sented Prizes to the winning Pupils. The Collections taken at our Functions, to meet the expenses of the Schools Competitions, amounted to the magnificent total of £199. 126 BURNS CLUB NOTES At our Hallowe'en Supper on 27th October, 1956, the Speaker was James McAuley, Esq., Chief Co.nstable of Paisley. ROBERT DONALDSON, Hon. Secretary. 53: GOVAN FAIRFIELD BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. J.E. Dott, M.A. Visitations were made to the Rosebery Bums Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Wednesday of each month, September/April, 9 Water Row, Glasgow, S.W.l. (Miss) BETTY MACLEAN, Hon. Secretary. 549 : BONNIE LESLIE LADIES' BURNS CLUB Date and place of Club Meetings: Bothwell Public Hall. Mrs. O'HARA, Hon. Secretary. 59 : GOUROCK JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. J. R. Finnie, Town Chamberlain, Greenock. The Annual Bums Competition was held in the Eastern School, Gourock, and presentation of eight Book Prizes was made on closing day, 26th June, 1957. ROBERT SMITH, Hon. Secretary. 62: CUPAR BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: Mr. John M. Bannerman, O.B.E., proposed the "Immortal Memory." A collection was taken for the National Bums Memorial Cottage Homes. Book Prizes were as usual given for the Scottish Literature Competition in the Bell-Baxter High School. A party from the Club entertained the residents and staff of the Kinloch House Eventide Home, Collessie, to a Burns Supper within the home. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Royal Hotel, Cupar­ irregular dates. J. G. RUTHERFORD, Hon. Secretary.

68 ! SANDYFORD (GLASGOW) BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 22nd January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Professor John Boyd, M.A., LL.B. For some years past difficulty was experienced in obtaining Past Presidents' Badges of the type and quality pre- BURNS CLUB NOTES 127 viously presented. This problem having been overcome, the following presentations were made at the Dinner: Alexander Beith, President, 1949 I 50; Sheriff W. Boyd Berry, President, 1950/51; Allan S. Meikle, President, 1951/52; John Carmichael, President, 1952/53; Mungo B. Campbell, President, 1953/54; David R. Smith, President, 1954/55; William McFarlane, Presi­ dent, 1955 I 56. A Hallowe'en Dinner Dance, Presentation Dinner to Past President William McFarlane, and an Outing to the Land of Burns were other features of the Session. Among the guests were The Earl of Eglinton, Mr. and Mrs. David T. Stratton and Mr. William Black, Treasurer, The Burns Federation. The Club has presented to The Ayrshire Music Festival Committee a beautiful Silver Trophy-"The Sandyford Trophy" -for Annual Competition, in a new Section of the Festival open to Secondary Department Junior Secondary Schools-School Choirs rendering two songs of Burns. The deaths of Past Presidents James Hay (1937 I 38) and James T. Wotherspoon (1940 / 42) are recorded with regret. Dates and place of Club Meetings : The Burns House Club, 27 India Street, Glasgow. No fixed dates for meetings. S. W. LOVE, Hon. Secretary.

69 : DUNEDIN BURNS CLUB INC. Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Professor John Walsh, Dean of the Dental Faculty, Otago University. Monthly concerts are held in the Concert Chamber of the Dunedin Town Hall with the usual Anniversary Concert in January which also is the time of Dunedin's Festival Week. The Scottish Country Dance Group, with 150 members, func­ tions every Monday night for practically the whole year. A subsidiary meeting with talks on Burns, Travel in Scotland, also one or two Film Nights, is held in the lecture room of the Public Library every month during the Winter period. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Third Wednesday each Month except January and February, in the Town Hall Concert Chamber. S. B. McALLISTER, Hon. Secretary.

71 : CARLISLE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, Mr. H. Skelton of Edinburgh proposed the "Immortal Memory." 128 BURNS CLUB NOTES

The Club suffered an irreplaceable loss in the sudden death of our President, Mr. Tom Dowell. Mr. Dowell had presided at our Anniversary Dinner only two weeks before his untimely death. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Mondays, October to March, in the County Hotel, Carlisle. J. JORDAN, Hon. Secretary. 72: PARTICK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by John A. Mack, Stevenson Lecturer on Citizenship of the University of Glasgow. RUSSELL A. SHARP, Hon. Secretary. 86 : "WINSOME WILLIE" BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the Rev. Mr. McLeod proposed the "Immortal Memory." Collection taken at dinner on behalf of Spastics Fund amounted to £3. The members' Annual Outing took the form of a week-end to Workington on the May holiday, Mtving the Club H.Q. on Sunday morning and arriving back home on early Tuesday. Preparations are going ahead for the redecoration of the tomb-stones of "Winsome Willie" (William Simpson) and Annie Rankine (Mrs. Merry), whose burial place is in the old cemetery of Cumnock. Special permission has been granted by the authori­ ties concerned and it is expected to complete the effort in the near future. The members and wives spent a day in Newcastle on Monday, 8th July, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Last Sunday of Month, in the Town Hall. WILLIAM WAUGH, Hon. Secretary. 89: SUNDERLAND BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the Federation's President, Mr. Alec McMillan, delivered the "Immortal Memory." The Dinner was preceded by a wreath­ laying ceremony at the Bard's bust in the Central Library, and was followed, on 27th January, by an Anniversary Service in Trinity and St. James Presbyterian Church. At the conclusion, Mr. McMillan joined members of the Committee at lunch and was given a ceremonial farewell, the whole Committee turning out at the station to wish him Bon Voyage. Twelve Club Meetings were held during the year, with a record average attendance of 55. Speakers covered subjects as BURNS CLUB NOTES 129 widely· separated as McGonnigal and Barrie, Scottish Humour and the Modern Exciseman. The President and six Past Presi­ dents of the Club, together with their wives, attended the Annual Conference at Cheltenham and the Club was host to the A.G.M. of the North-Eastern District of the Federation on 25th May, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Second and Fourth Thurs­ days of each month, from September to April.

JOHN D. MCBAIN, Hon. Secretary.

126 : FALKIRK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was submitted by W. T. H. Inglis, Esq., M.A., B.A., Director of Education for Ayrshire. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Mathieson's Rooms, High Street, Falkirk. DAVID F. MOFFAT, C.A., Hon. Secretary.

133: NEWARTHILL BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by J. McVicar from Low Coylton, Ayrshire. Our Annual Outing to Arbroath was held in June. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Last Saturday of each month from October to March. Tuos. BosLEM, Hon. Secretary.

149 : ELGIN BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, Mr. J M. Bannerman, O.B.E., proposed the "Immortal Memory." Dates and place of Club Meetings: Annually on 25th January at Gordon Arms Hotel, Elgin. c. B. WILKEN, Hon. Secretary.

152: HAMILTON BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by our Chairman, the Rev. J.M. MacKechnie, M.B.E., M.A. The Annual Meeting was held on 29th November, 1956. The Club organised an Essay Competition among four 130 BURNS CLUB NOTES

Hamilton Schools and awarded prizes amounting in value to a total of £10. The Schools were as follows:- Numbers competing Hamilton Academy 40 St. John's Grammar School 70 Woodside Junior Secondary School 22 Greenfield Junior Secondary School 300 The prizes were handed over to the winning pupils at the Prize-giving Ceremonies on the closing days of the session. JOHN JACKSON, Hon. Secretary. 158 : DARLINGTON BURNS ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by W. J. King Gillies, Esq., of Edinburgh. Members visited Dumfries on 2nd September, 1956, to see places of interest having connection with Burns. We celebrated Hallowe'en with a Social Supper and Dance, and St. Andrew's Day with a Whist Drive, Supper and Dance. We held a Lecture Evening entitled "Scottish Travel and Song," given by our President, Dr. W. W. Forsyth, and Vice-President, Miss A. M. Donaldson. Our Club took part in the Annual North-East District Burns Federation Meeting also the Bowling Tournament for the Dr. Roy Fortune Cup, which the Sunderland Club won. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Imperial Hotel (various dates). JOHN A. LAWSON, Hon. Secretary. 169: GLASGOW AND DISTRICT BURNS ASSOCIATION Funds are urgently required for the completion of twenty new houses for elderly ladies on the historic farm of Mossgiel, near Mauchline, which are at present being built by the Glasgow Association. There is sufficient to meet the cost of ten houses which will be completed this year, but urgent support is required to complete a further ten houses, the entire scheme to mark the Bi-Centenary. The Glasgow Association own the Jean Armour Burns Houses at Mauchline, comprising the first home of Robert Burns and Jean Armour, Dr. McKenzie's House and Nanse Tinnock's house and, since 1915, these houses, converted into flats, have provided comfortable accommodation for nine old ladies, who live rent and rate free and receive a small pension. After completion of the new scheme at Mossgiel, the present BURNS CLUB NOTES 131 houses will be retained by the Association and preserved and maintained as formerly. · Dates and place of Club Meetings : Third Tuesday in each month at Burns House Club. ANDREW STENHOUSE, Hon. Secretary. 173: IRVINE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the President, the Rev. A. M. Beaton, M.A., of Dundonald, proposed the "Immortal Memory." The Club again sponsored Burns Competitions in the four Schools of the town and reports from the Principals of the Schools are indicative of the enthusiasm of the competitors, the high quality of the recitation and singing and the appreciation of the Club's substantial aid in furthering the study of the Poet's works in the younger generation. In January the Vice-President (Mr. Brown) and Secretary (Mr. Phillips) attended the official opening of the Tam o' Shanter Museum in Ayr, where they put on exhibition the MSS. of "The Cottar's Saturday Night" and a number of the holograph letters from the Club's remarkable collection from its Honorary Members. Dates and place of Club Meetings: The Club Library, Bank Street, Irvine (Quarterly). Anniversary Dinner in Caledonian Hall, Irvine. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, Hon. Secretary. 184 : BLAIRADAM SHANTER BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 19th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by J. G. Rutherford, Esq., Secretary, Cupar Burns Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Second and Fourth Satur­ days of every month in No. 1 Gothenburg Supper Room, Kelty. THOMAS C. ANDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 190 : PORT-GLASGOW BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 18th January, 1957, Mr. Hugh Blaine, Paisley, proposed the "Immortal Memory." Our A.G.M. was held in the Orange Halls on 26th ApriJ, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Orange Halls, Mary Street, Port-Glasgow. WM. CUNNINGHAM, Hon. Secretary. 132 BURNS CLUB NOTES 192: AYRSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF BURNS CLUBS Anniversary Dinner Report: No Anniversary Dinner held. Invitation to the Burns Federation to hold the 1959 Bi-Centenary Conference in Ayrshire has been accepted. The Leglen Wood Service was again well supported by Ayrshire Clubs when a wreath was laid on Bums's Statue, Ayr, on behalf of the Association by Mr. Robert McCall, of Kilmar­ nock No. 0. Dates and place of Oub Meetings: Quarterly, Wheatsheaf Hotel, Kilmarnock. A.G.M.-October. JAMES E. SHAW, Hon. Secretary. 198 : TWENTY-FIVE JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. R. M. Sorbie, Town Clerk, Tranent. Scottish Literature Schools Competition was held in Gore­ bridge School. A Social Evening was held in Vogrie Hall on 30th March at which nine Book Prizes were presented to winners of the Competition. Mr. Jack presented his usual prize of a watch to the pupil who gained highest marks. Members' Outing was a tour of Dumfries. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly Meetings held in Gothenburg Arniston from September to April.

RICHARD YOUNG, Hon. Secretary. 199: NEWBATTLE AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 2nd February, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by our Vice-President, Mr. James Noble. A generous Collection was taken for the Jean Armour Homes Building Fund. The Old Folk's Christmas Treat was held on 22nd December, 1956, when 180 Old Folk were entertained. The Annual Summer Outing took place on 18th May, 1957, to Hawick. The Children's Presentation of Prizes, for the Bums Essay Competition, was held on 3rd December, 1956, when four Cups, four Federation Certificates and twelve Prizes were presented. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Last Saturday of month, from October to April, in the New Institute Hall, Newtongrange. DAVID CARSON, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 133 207: GREENOCK FOUNDRY MASONIC ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. Samuel Gemmell. Other events included visits to the Circus and Pantomimes. Dates and place of Club Meetings: St. John's Masonic Club (Monthly). WILLIAM THOMSON, Hon. Secretary. 209 : SAINT JOHN'S BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Dr. C. W. Guthrie-Oman, M.B., Ch.B., of Gourock. At the Annual Dinner, the "Address to the Haggis" was given by Mr. Edward Thomson, the 2lst year he had done so. Dates and place of Club Meetings: All dates are printed on syllabus. Club meets in Masonic Hall, Argyll Street, Greenock. JOHN BAIN, Hon. Secretary. 220: THE BURNS CLUB OF ST. LOUIS Date and place of Club Meetings: 25th January, Burns Club Room in Artists' Guild. IRVIN MATTICK, Hon. Secretary. 238: BURNS CLUB OF ATLANTA Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Dr. W. Edward McNair, Vice-President of Agnes Scott College. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Wednesday each month at Burns's Cottage, replica of Burns's birthplace. W. RICHARD METCALFE, Hon. Secretary. 239: HAWICK BURNS CLUB Date and place of Club Meetings: Fortnightly, Albert Bridge. THOMAS HUNTER, Hon. Secretary. 244: DALMUIR AND CLYDEBANK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: Mr. Robert Andrews, M.A., Headmaster of Levendale School, gave the "Immortal Memory." Vice-President Mr. Robert Gray made a successful appeal for the Jean Armour Homes, amount collected being £7 10s. 134 BURNS CLUB NOTES At the St. Andrew's Day Meeting the principal guest was Mr. Robert Gray, J.P., of Glasgow. The Annual Outing in August was to Pitlochry. A.G.M. was in April. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Fourth Thursday of September, October, November, December, February and March, in Clydebank Public Library Hall. HUGH Woon, Hon. Secretary. 252: ALLOWAY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, Chief Constable James McAuley, Paisley Burgh Police, proposed the "Immortal Memory." WILLIAM HEPBURN, Hon. Secretary. 262: PIFESHIRE BURNS ASSOCIATION Date and place of Club Meetings : Monthly Meetings in Association's Cub Rooms. THOMAS C. ANDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 263 : GLASGOW MASONIC BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Bro. Dr. Hugh Gillies, Ph.D., Provost of Kirkintilloch. A St. Andrew's Night Supper was held on 30th November, 1956, when the toast "Scotland Yet" was proposed by Bro. Norman A. Gray, F.S.A., Past President. The Children's Verse-Speaking Competition held on 23rd February, 1957, attracted a record number of entrants. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Last Friday of month­ September to April-Burns House, India Street, Glasgow. ANDREW T. GoRDON, Hon. Secretary. 271 : TRENTON BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, "The Toast to the Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. Doctor Herbert H. Hunsberger. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Members' homes, Second Saturday each month. NEIL c. WAUGH, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 135 274: TROON BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the President, Mr. William W. Paterson, prpposed the "Immortal Memory." Mr. William James Smillie, the "elder Statesman" of the Club, has presented to the Club a Gavel made from part of one of the roof beams of Burns's Cottage at Alloway, the roof of which underwent repairs this Spring. Dates and place of Club Meetings: 25th January and 30th November annually and at other times as arranged by Committee. T. MONTGOMERY BROWN, Hon. Secretary. 275: AYR BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mrs. Jane Burgoyne, Edinburgh. The Tam o' Shanter Museum was opened officially in January. A civic reception was accorded the large representative gathering of delegates from Burns Clubs. Our June Outing was to Kilmarnock and Stair. Our Winter Monthly Meetings are well attended. JOHN GRAY, Secretary (pro tem.). 284: NORTH-EASTERN BURNS CLUB OF P~LADBLPHIA Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Douglas MacNaughton, of Trenton, New Jersey, and formerly of Stair, Scotland. Our Committee for the Celebration of our Poet's 200th Birthday in 1959 reports splendid progress in arrangements for the event. ALEX. MAcDoNALD, Hon. Secretary. 295: BURNS HOUSE CLUB LTD. Male Members of Burns Clubs are eligible for membership of the Burns House Club Ltd. The Club Rooµis are situated at 27 India Street, Glasgow, C.2, and the Property and Furnishings are maintained in first-class condition. The Burns Federation hold many of their Quarterly Meetings in the Club, and the Glasgow and District Burns Association, and many of the Bums Clubs in Glasgow, hold all their Monthly Meetings there. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Tuesday of every month at 27 India Street, Glasgow. JOHN GRANT, C.A., Hon. Secretary. 136 BURNS CLUB NOTES 296: WALSALL BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed, as is the custom in this Club, by the President-Dr. J. Smillie, with Highland Honours. A feature of the Menu Card was another clever sketch by Mr. Robert A. Ash. One of the principal guests was Mr. J. Bryn Lloyd, President of the Walsall Welsh Society. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Annual Bums Dinner­ The George Hotel, Walsall, 25th January, 1958. Business Meet­ ings-;The Presbyterian Church Hall, Walsall. D. M. MACMILLAN, Hon. Secretary. 307: EDINBURGH AYRSHIRE ASSOCIATION Anniv.ersary Dinner Report: On 18th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. F. J. Belford, M.A., F.E.I.S. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly-Various. (Miss) E. M. SYMINGTON, Hon. Secretary. 310: MAUCHLINE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the principal toast was proposed by Mr. Finlay J. MacDonald who stepped in at sbprt notice due to the unavoidable absence of Mr. W. D. Cocker. Once more the Syllabus was a varied one, and the talks included: "A History of Place Names," by J. Kevan McDowall; "Sir Alexander Gray," by R. D. Hunter; "Telford and His Times," by A. C. Macpherson; and "Bums's Songs in Their Settings," by Dr. Charles D. Rigg. A new departure this year was the attendance of ladies at one of the meetings. This took the form of a film show on the manufacture of BMK carpets, given by Messrs. Blackwood Morton & Company of Kilmarnock. For the second year in succession the monthly informal meet­ ings were held and once more much new talent was discovered among the members. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly, October-April, Poosie Nansie's. WILLIAM BEE, Hon. Secretary. 314: THE SCOTTISH BURNS CLUB (EDINBURGH) Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by W. D. Barnetson, Esq., M.A., Editor of the "Edinburgh Evening News." BURNS CLUB NOTES 137

Our Summer Outing took place on 25th May, 1957, via the Dalveen Pass and Thornhill to Dumfries, where we were met by ex-Provost Bell and conducted around the places of Burns interest. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Friday of each month, October to April, at 5 Manor Place, Edinburgh. JAS. W. ELDER, Hon. Secretary. 323 : KIRKCUDBRIGHT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : Owing to illness the principal speaker, Lord Belhaven and Stenton, could not be present. His place was taken by Mr. J. Haig Gordon of Kirkcudbright, who proposed the "Immortal Memory." Dates and place of Club Meetings: Annual General Meeting held in Town Hall, Kirkcudbright. J. GRAHAM, Hon. Secretary. 326: BINGRY JOLLY BEGGARS LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 2nd February, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. James Brown, member of Pencaitland and Ormiston Burns Club. The Annual Drive was held on 4th May, 1957, to Dryburgh Abbey. Our Club held an Old Folk's Social on 2lst December, 1956, when each old person received a Christmas present. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Every Thursday in Lochore Gothenburg. Mrs. HENRY DAVIDSON, Hon. Secretary. 341: LEITH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Sir Andrew Murray. Various Social Evenings were held throughout the year. Dates and place of Club Meetings : First Monday each month, 6 Hope Street, Leith. CHAS. A. CRUICKSHANK, Hon. Secretary. 344: LADXSMITH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by D. D. Morrison, Secretary. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Legion Hall. D. D. MORRISON, Hon. Secretary. K 138 BURNS CLUB NOTES 346: OAKBANK MOSSGIEL BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. Ledgartwood of Westcalder. A Bus Outing took place to Callander. The Children's Party was held on 22nd December, 1956, when 150 children and 50 adults attended . .A gift of £2 was given to the local school for a prize to the school Dux pupils. Several trays of fruit were given to old and infirm members <>f the Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Every Second Wednesday <>f the Month, October to March, in Oakbank Hall.

R. HAMMETT, Hon. Secretary.

348 : NEWTON JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB Dates and place of Club Meetings: First and Third Wednes­ days of the month in Co-operative Board Room, Newton.

(Mrs.) A. KENNEDY, Hon. Secretary. 355: CALCUTTA BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The Annual Burns Supper was held on 25th January, 1957. The guests of honour were the U.K. High Commissioner, Mr. A. F. Morley and Mrs. Morley. Dinner was opened with the Kilmarnock Grace spoken by the Rev. P. Logan Ayre, the new minister of St. Andrew's Church, Calcutta, and lately of Bathgate. The "Immortal Memory" took the form of a review of the early years of the Calcutta Club, formed by twenty-five enthusiasts in 1926, and of its changing fortunes since then. After the toast of the "Immortal Memory" had been proposed by the President, Mr. R. R. Hogarth, the lighter toast of "The Lasses" was proposed by Mr. Sydney Aird, who claimed a family relationship with a close friend of Robert Burns, and was responded to by Miss Eleanor Bissett. The evening was concluded by a programme of Scottish \!ountry dancing ·interspersed with modern dances. Practically the whole assembly stayed until the appointed closing hour of 2 a.m. I. H. NISH, Hon. Secretary. -

BURNS CLUB NOTES 139 360: LOCHEE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by H.J. Carlton, Esq., M.A., LL.B., Hon. Sheriff-Substitute of Angus. The Club Summer Outing took place on 26th May with a Coach Tour to Loch Lomond and the Trossachs. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Friday of each month from September to April. J. H. STRACHAN, Hon. Secretary.

366: LIVERPOOL BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, Mr. Niall MacPherson, Joint Under-Secretary of State for Scotland, proposed the "Immortal Memory." During the summer season, we had five monthly Rambles and a full day's Coach Outing. Lectures and socials during the winter are being held in St. Andrew's Church Hall, our old location, Radiant House, being unable to offer us advance bookings over a period. We regret to record the death of Mr. T. D. Sinclair, a Past President, and also the death of Mr. David Paterson, a frequent speaker at our meetings. HAMISH H. RAE, Hon. Secretary.

372: JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The Rev. Mr. Inglis proposed the "Immortal Memory" on 25th January, 1957. On 24th April, 1957, members of the Club held a Hostess Tea to mark the occasion of our Club being thirty years in Federa­ tion. The sum of £10 was handed to Treasurer for Club Funds. Dates and place of Club Meetings: 29th August and every second Thursday in Lesser Hall, Baillieston. Mrs. J. HADDOW, Hon. Secretary.

377: KILBIRNIE ROSEBERY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the President, Mr. Robert W. Watt, Dalbeattie. A Theatre Night was held in February to the Gaiety Theatre, Ayr. Crieff was the venue of the Annual Outing. A series of monthly talks were started. last winter and it is proposed to continue with these this season. l:

140 BURNS CLUB NOTES

Dates and place of Club Meetings : First and last Mondays of each month in Castle Vaults. A.G.M.-February. JAMES E. SHAW, Hon. Secretary. 378: THE EDINBURGH DISTRICT BURNS CLUBS ASSOCIATION A successful "Brains Trust" was well attended, followed by a Concert. Inter-Club visits. Dates and place of Club_ Meetings: Five Meetings-June, September, December, March and May (A.G.M.).

J. ~. CAVAY, Hon. Secretary. 379: HARTLEPOOLS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. D. M. Lowson, Past President, of Peterlee. The membership of our Club has increased considerably under the chairmanship of Mr. Thomas Bratton. Our Annual Outing was a Mystery Tour. At the Annual General Meeting, held in May, Mrs. Mary Allen, wife of the Secretary, was elected Woman President. This is the second time a woman has held office in the history of the Club. Our next Annual Dinner is our 25th Anniversary. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly (various dates) in Dalton Rooms. WM. s. ALLEN, Hon. Secretary. 388: KYLE LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: We hold our Anniversary Supper on the Saturday nearest to Burns's Birthday. Our President gives a reading of some of Burns's Works at our meetings. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Every Wednesday evening in Stane Hotel. (Mrs.) JEANIE ANDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 393 : ANNAN LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. H. G. McKerrow, President of the Southern Scottish Counties Bums Association. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Thursday, from October to March, in Kirkpatrick's Cafe. (Mrs.) G. JAMES, Hon. Secretary. A

BURNS CLUB NOTES 141 398:•COLINTON BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the Club held its Jubilee Supper, when the Founder and first Chairman of the Club, Mr. John Millar, J.P., occupied the Chair as President. The "Immortal Memory" on this special occasion was proposed by the Rev. Thomas H. Burns-Begg, M.A., a great-great-grand­ nephew of the National Poet, whilst the reply to the toast of "The Lasses" was made by Miss Jean Maxwell-Scott of Abbots­ ford, great-great-great-granddaughter of Sir Walter Scott. The Club was instituted in January, 1907, and, in addition to being the first President, Mr. Miller was Hon. Secretary for some twenty-five years. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Monthly from October to March, in Library Hall, or Harwell's Rooms, Bridge Road, Colin ton. · JOHN MILLAR, J.P., Hon. Secretary. 403: FRASERBURGH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Bailie Frank Magee, Aberdeen, an Englishman who paid high tribute to the Poet. In 1928 Mr. Andrew S. Kelman, F.A.C.C.A., held a meeting in Fraserburgh with a view to forming a Club. Such was the enthusiasm of this small band that a Club was established that year. Until 1956, Andrew Kelman was the leading light of the Club. He was Secretary and Treasurer from its inception and President in 1953/54, the Silver Jubilee of the Club. In 1951 when he attained his majority as Secretary and Treasurer he was presented with a figured walnut writing bureau in recognition of his outstanding service. Following that ceremony, his health deteriorated and the 1957 Supper was the first he was unable to attend. Within six weeks he had passed to his rest, leaving behind happy memories of long and faithful service. He will be missed in the Fraserburgh Burns Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Various as arranged.

JAs. B. KAY, Hon. Secretary.

405: CALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF SHEFFIELD Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Professor R. D. Lockhart, M.D., Ch.M., F.S.A.(Scot.), F.R.S.E., of Aberdeen. - \....'

142 BURNS CLUB NOTES Dates and place of Club Meetings: Various main functions held regularly throughout the season. Sectional activities include Scottish Country Dance Class, Burns Circle, Bridge and Sport. W. CAMPBELL HESELWOOD, Hon. Secretary.

(The Caledonian News, the official organ of the Caledonian Society of Sheffield, continues to be edited by Miss Isobel Burnett. This excellent publication contains more than the acti­ vities of the Club. The number for April, 1957, records the University of Sheffield Geological Expedition to Kilimunjaro and, in lighter vein, enquires : "Does Fashion in Dress Mirror History?".-EDITOR, Burns Chronicle.)

409 : STENHOUSEMUIR AND DISTRICT PLOUGH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the principal Speaker was Mr. Campbell Young, the young Edinburgh Advocate. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Plough Hotel, Stenhouse­ muir. Annual Meeting-Last Friday in March. Annual Cele­ bration in January. Hallowe'en Night-Last Friday in October. Annual Outing-Second Sunday in September. JoHN McMAHON, Hon. Secretary. 417: BURNLEY AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: At our Annual Dinner Mr. Maurice Lindsay proposed the "Immortal Memory." Pipe solos were played by the Honorary Piper. (Mrs.) F. M. KER, Hon. Secretary. 426: SAUCHIE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, Mr. John Currie proposed the "Immortal Memory." By way of an extra function members of committee with their partners attended a Dinner and Social on 23rd February, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Sauchie Public Hall. WM. THOMSON, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 143

436: WALNEY JOLLY BEGGARS LADIES' CLUB Date and place of Club Meetings: Thursdays, Community Hall, Walney. (Mrs.) ELIZABETH WARRINER, Hon. Secretary. 439: BARNSLEY AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by J. N. Ritchie, C.B., B.Sc., F.R.C.V.S., D.V.S.M. The Opening Dance was held on 5th October, 1956; St. Andrew's Dinner and Dance, 30th November, 1956; Hogmanay Ball, 3lst December, 1956, and Final Dance, 29th March, 1957. CHARLES 1. SUTHERLAND, Hon. Secretary. 446: HEREFORDSHIRE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Maj.-Gen. D. Harrison, C.B., D.S.O., M.l.C.E. Dates anif place of Club Meetings: Green Dragon Hotel. GEORGE LAING, Hon. Secretary. 454: ROTHERHAM AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was submitted by Mr. George Deans (Secre­ tary of Royal Caledonian Schools, Bushey, Herts.). Other oustanding events : President's Reception, 28th Sept­ ember, 1956; Jolly Beggars Hallowe'en Party, 26th October, 1956; St. Andrew's Dinner-Dance, 30th November, 1956; Hogmanay Dance, 3lst December, 1956; St. Valentine's Fancy Dress Ball, 15th February, 1957; Final Ball of Season, 29th March, 1957; Ceilidh, 13th March, 1957; Highland Ball; Annual Church Service, 2lst October, 1956; and Scottish Country Dance Class weekly during season. WM. McCORMICK HAMILTON, Hon. Secretary. 462: CHELTENHAM SCOTTISH SOCIETY The year 1956-57 was one of more than usual activity for the Society, commencing as it did with a Golf Competition early in July, followed in September by the Burns Federation Conference in Cheltenham, and from the beginning of October the season's syllabus, with certain additional items, ran its course to finish on lst June with a Scottish Country Dance. 144 BURNS CLUB NOTES

Social gatherings included the President's Ceilidh, Hallowe'en Party, St. Andrew's Day Dinner, Hogmanay Ball, Burns Supper, and Children's Party. The principal'Speaker at the dinner was Mr. G. P. S. MacPherson, a London Scot and former Scottish International Rugby football player, and the "Immortal Memory" was by Dr. A. Bruce Wallace, Vice-President of the Society. The annual St. Andrew's Tide Service was conducted by the Rev. Peter McCall, M.A., of Bristol, who exchanged pulpits with the Rev. W. J. Martin on this occasion. Two literary evenings, a film evening, a photo slide show, and a drama evening, all on things Scottish, each contributed much to the cultural side of the Society's activities. The annual competition for recitation of Scots poetry was held on the occasion of the Children's Party, the winner receiving a Burns Federation Certificate in addition to a book prize. Scottish Country Dancing took ·place each week, and two classes for beginners were successfully run. Some twenty children attended Highland Dancing classes, and gave many displays for charitable and other causes. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Most Friday evenings, October to May inclusive, in St. Andrew's Church Hall, Cheltenham. EDGAR F. YOUNG, Hon. Secretary.

469: DENNY CROSS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: Mr. G. Bulloch, Kilsyth, pro­ posed the "Immortal Memory." It is with a feeling of justifiable pride that we find ourselves at the beginning of our 25th year as a federated Burns Club. Five guineas are donated annually to the Burns Memorial Homes in Mauchline, two guineas to the Scottish National Dictionary and two guineas to the local Old Folk's Association. Seven book prizes, the David Paterson Memorial Prizes, are to be awarded annually for the best school essays on "The Life and Works of Robert Burns. All three local schools are taking part in this competition. On lOth May, 1957, our oldest member, David Paterson, died in his 89th year. Here is a tribute to this grand old man by our President, Mr. T. Bryson: "Denny Cross Burns Club lost one of its most enthusiastic members in the passing of David Paterson. Although ailing for some time, he graced us with his presence at all our monthly meetings almost to the end, and was always willing from his inexhaustible store of knowledge of the Works of our National Bard to render many of the lengthier BURNS CLUB NOTES 145 poems. Davie was always the same, a Scot through and through, in appearance, language, and outlook. A genuine apostle of Robert Burns, and thoroughly acquainted with all his philosophy." Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly meetings and Annual Supper in Railway Hotel, Denny. THOMAS R. A. FERGUS, Hon. Secretary. 472: RENFREWSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF BURNS CLUBS In connection with the Schools Essay Competition 16 schools participated and entries were received from 120 Senior Secondary Pupils, 936 Junior Secondary Pupils and 629 Primary Pupils. Forty-eight prizes were awarded in the form of book tokens at a total cost of £22 5s. A Bowling Competition was held on 9th August for the Wylie Trophy (a silver cup). Six Clubs entered and the winners were Gourock Jolly Beggars. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Meetings are held periodically in the Club Room of the Greenock Burns Club (The Mother Club). W. CHRISTIE, Hon. Secretary. 476: BORDER CITIES BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. Donald A. Munro of Harrow, Ontario, formerly of Glasgow, Scotland. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Third Friday every month, in Norton Palmer Hotel, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. JOHN G. SAUNDERS, Hon. Secy.-Treas.

479: QUEEN OF THE SOUTH LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. J.M. Young, J.P., M.A. We also held a St. Andrew's Night, the principal Speaker being the Secretary. Our Annual Outing in May was to Newcastle. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Thursday each month, September to May, in British Legion Hall, Dumfries. (Mrs.) M. COULSON, Hon. Secretary. 146 BURNS CLUB NOTES 492: HARROW AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Dr. T. Maclaren, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., F.E.I.S. The aggregate attendance at the various functions was over 7,000 and the membership roll still continues to grow. Dates and place of Club Meetings: At various Halls through­ out the Borough. WM. A. CUTHBERTSON, Hon. Secretary. 498: FLINT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The Annual Bums Anniversary Banquet was held on 19th January, 1957, in the Flint Scots House, the "Immortal Memory" being delivered by Wm. Genske. The Speaker and the talent all came from the membership of the ·Club or their families, a matter which drew favourable comment. The past year was the best the Club has seen for a while, there being quite a few new members introduced, but, what was more important, the attendance at meetings was excellent. With the resumption in September of our activities we hope for still larger attendances. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Friday of every month, in Flint Scots House, 412 E. Kearsley Street, Flint, Michigan. Jos. M. GRAHAM, Hon. Secretary. 500: NEW CUMNOCK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the toast of the "Immortal Memory" was given by the retiring President of the Club, Mr. John Paton. A special meeting in the for.m of a Dinner-Smoker was held in the Crown Hotel, New Cumnock, on 20th March, 1957. This meeting was held to make special acknowledgement of the Honorary Members who were guests for the evening. The meeting was attended by Mr. Alex. McMillan, M.A., Ed.B., President of the Federation and a former member of the Club. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Annual Supper, Friday nearest 25th January. St. Andrew's Dinner, Wednesday nearest 30th November. ALLAN DAVIDSON, Hon. Secretary. 503: DUNBLANE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner·Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory'' was proposed by Sir James·Randall Philip, BURNS CLUB NOTES 147

O.B.E., Q.C., D.D., M.A., LL.B., Sheriff Principal of Perth and Angus. The Annual Bus Outing was held on 18th June to Helens­ burgh, via Crianlarich, Loch Lomond and Loch Long, returning by Balloch and Drymen. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Commercial Bank Build­ ings, Dunblane. A. P. LAMONT, Hon. Secretary.

523: THE HIGHLAND SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES The Council of the Society has made a move to arrange a suitable function for the Burns Bi-Centenary. The Highland Gathering was very successful. W. LONG, Hon. Secretary.

530: SOUTHERN SCOTTISH COUNTIES BURNS ASSOCIATION Schools' Competition.-The Association again organised a Burns Competition, when 22 Schools took part. Competitors in the Primary Group numbered 591, and 221 in the Secondary Group. The papers showed that the set work had been carefully studied, well taught, and fully comprehended. As a reward the Association gifted 80 Book Prizes, and 57 Certificates. These were highly appreciated by the Head Teachers. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Quarterly Meetings, Globe Inn, Dumfries. (Mrs.) M. COULSON, Hon. Secretary.

534: BEDLINGTON AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 30th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by J. Dargie, Esq., of Whitley Bay. A collection was taken in aid of the Mauchline Homes, amounting to £6 15s. Ladies' Night was held on 27th March, 1957, when the toast to "The Lasses" was proposed by J. Renwick Vickers, Esq. A collection in aid of the Mauchline Homes amounted to £4 16s. Thanks are also due to the Committee of the Ex-Servicemen's Club in allowing us to hold our functions in their most comfort­ able and up-to-date premises. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Ex-Servicemen's Club, Bedlington. JAMES R. WELTON, Hon. Secretary. 148 BURNS CLUB NOTES 511 : SCARBOROUGH CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Dr. I. N. Dunn of Hessle, Yorkshire. The Society maintains the link with the Burns Federation (Yorkshire District) with the election of Mr. Stanley Mcintosh (President of the Society) as Hon. Secretary and Treasurer of the District, in place of Mr. A. Y. Smith, who unfortunately through ill-health has had to relinquish the post. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly-Cambridge Hotel. JAMES MACFARLANE, Hon. Secretary.

555: HARROGATE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th· January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Alexander Campbell, Troon. St. Andrew's Day Dinner and Dance was held on 30th November, 1956, and the St. Andrew's Day Service in St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Harrogate, on 2nd December, 1956, when the Rev. A. A. Baillie preached the sermon. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Monday of each month, Club Rooms, 1 Victoria Avenue, Harrogate.

NORMAN C. STURROCK, Hon. Secretary.

556: THE CALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF DONCASTER Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Oration" was given by Dr. J. Ferguson (Past President). The President's Reception was held on 27th September, 1956; St. Andrew's Ball on 30th November, 1956, and the Caledonian Ball on 8th March, 1957. Also eight Club Nights were held during the season. The Society has become a Founder Member of the North-East Midlands Association of Scottish Societies. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Thursday in each month, October to April, in Y.W.C.A., Cleveland Street, Don­ caster. In addition, formal functions in Mansion House and Danum Hotel. A. G. SCOTT, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 149 557: THE LADIES' BURNS CLUB OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA Anniversary Dinner Report: The Speaker was Mr. Ollie Reeves, Columnist for the daily paper The Atlanta Constitution, with a wide knowledge of Burns. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Homes of Members. (Mrs.) s. M. HASTINGS, Hon. Secretary. 559: COVENTRY AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY A Social and Dance was held on 26th September, 1957, and a Hallowe'en Party on 18th October. Dancing classes are held from October to March. R. S. MILLER, Hon. Secretary. 563 : NORFOLK CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Rev. Robert Paterson, B.D., of Glasgow. A Haggis Supper was held on 3rd November, 1956, and the usual Hogmanay Ball on 3lst December. Date and place of Club Meetings: Trinity Presbyterian Church Hall, Unthank Road, Norwich. JOHN HENDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 570: THE SCOTS CLANS ASSOCIATION OF LONDON, LTD. Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, we held a Concert in the Royal Festival Hall. During the season, a series of Whist Drives were held on the first Tuesday in each month. Eleven Dances were also held, and on 2nd March we held our Annual Dinner-Dance. "Scotland" was proposed by James Aitken, Esq., Past President of the Bums Club of London. We regret to record the passing of Council Member Miss Ellen M. Scott. She will be particularly remembered for her work in the Dramatic Section. D. CAMPBELL THOMSON, Hon. Secretary. 571 : EDMONTON BURNS CLUB Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Friday, September, October, November, December, January (and 25th January), DUNCAN MCCULLOCH, Hon. Secretary. ' 150 BURNS CLUB NOTES 577: DALSER,F AND CLYDESDALE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the Secretary, George Speirs, proposed the "Immortal Memory." On 23rd February, the Club held another Supper. A number of members of the Apple Bank Burns Club were also present, and Mr. John Inglis, President, Apple Bank Club, proposed the "Immortal Memory. Mr. Adam Humphries of the Lanarkshire Association of Burns Clubs also gave a very interesting address. On 18th May, members, with their wives, had their Annual Bus Run, this time through the Burns Country, then on to Dumfries. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Harmony Night, Second Saturday of each month. Monthly meetings last Saturday of each month. Meeting place-The Clydesdale, Overtown. GEORGE SPEIRS, Hon. Secretary. 589: THE SOLWAY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: One of the Club rules is that the Immediate Past President proposes the "Immortal Memory," and Past President T. Dykes fulfilled this function. Mr. Ian Hamilton was the Speaker at the St. Andrew's Day Celebration. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Central Hotel. 0. J. GIBBS, Hon. Secretary.

594: THE BURNS CLUB OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the Address on "Robert Burns" was given by Mrs. James Douglas. We are trying to get all the Scotch Clubs together to put on a real Bi-Centenial Event, January, 1959. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Last Friday in month; 1747 Lakefront Avenue, East Cleveland. A. w. Dow, Hon. Secretary. 596: THE GLAISNOCK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 15th February, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. John Reid, M.A., of Ochiltree. A presentation of a Clock was made to Mr. T. Lindsay on his retiral as Club President, by James McKechnie. The St. Andrew's Night Dinner had to be cancelled owing to lack of interest. Our Annual Trip Outing was first Sunday in May. BURNS CLUB NOTES 151 Dates and place of Club Meetings: Meetings Monthly. A.G.M. held on First or Second Friday in March. Club Room, Buck's Head, Cumnock. A. A. MCKINLAY, Hon. Secretary.

612: TORRANCE MASONIC SOCIAL AND BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 19th January, 1957, the Rev. Dr. Leslie P. Hope, M.A., F.S.A.(Scot.), proposed the "Immortal Memory." A Collection on behalf of the Jean Armour Building Fund realised the sum of £8 10s. St. Andrew's Night was also celebrated. Speakers at the monthly meetings were C. 0. J. Cook, Hon. V.P., D.S. Burnett, P.M., and Rev. Murdo McLeod, M.A. The Club has sustained a severe loss in the •past twelve months by the passing of five members, namely, Bros. J. R. Kaits, Jas. Robertson, Robt. Mcivor, And. Cowan and Fred. Millo~t who was one of our younger and enthusiastic members. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly Meetings, Third Monday of October, November, December, February and March; St. Andrew's Night, 30th November; Burns Supper, 26th January; all in Caldwell Hall. Monthly Meetings 7.30 p.m., others 5.30 p.m. FRED. c. GORDON, P.P., Hon. Secretary. 616: KIRKCONNEL AND SANQUHAR BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The principal toast was given by J. Johnston, Chief Inspector, C.I.D., City of Glasgow Police. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Queensberry Hotel. W. McCLANACHAN, Hon. Secretary. 626: MOFFAT AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Bailie E. Robertson, Dumfries. A talk on "Shepherds, Sheepdogs and Sheep" by ex-Inspector Linn, Lockerbie, was much appreciated in this sheeprearing area. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Tuesday of month from October to April (inclusive), in Balmoral Hotel, Moffat. MARGARET G. H. CAMPBELL, Hon. Secretary. 152 BURNS CLUB NOTES 629: SANQUHAR BURNS CLUB Date and place of Club Meetings: Commercial Hotel.

A. B. PEDEN, Hon. Secretary. 642: RUTHERGLEN BURNS CLUB A,nniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the President of the Club, Mr. G. McNaught, gave the "Immortal Memory." On lst June, 1957, a Bus Outing round the Burns Country was carried out. At the National Homes, Mauchline, our Juvenile Concert Party gave a Concert to the inmates of the Cottages. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Every alternate Thursday, commencing 19th September, in Gallowflat School, Hamilton Road, Rutherglen. R. S. McMILLAN, Hon. Secretary. 646 : CLEAR WINDING DEVON BURNS CLUB, ALVA Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the principal Speaker was Mr. J.M. Millar of Dollar. Our Speaker for 1958 is Mr. Weir of Glaisnock House, Cumnock, Ayr. We held our Annual Meeting and Tattie and Herrin' Supper on 22nd February, 1957; Dominoes and Soci~l Evening on 6th April, 1957, and our Annual Outing to Dumfries on 7th July. We have a Social in September, our Hallowe'en Party in October and, of course, our St. Andrew's Night in November. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Third Friday of the month, in No. 5 Inn, Alva. (Mrs.) G. S. WILSON, Hon. Secy. and Treas.

659 : DUNDEE BURNS SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. D. Burry of Broughty Ferry. On 25th May, 1957, we held our Annual Outing around the Coast of Fife, visiting St. Andrews, Crail, and Falkland Palace, and returning by Glenfarg and Tay Valley. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Wednesday of each month from October to March; "Old Palais," 97 Seagate, Dundee.

(Mrs.) L. M. SMALL, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 153 660 : LANGHOLM LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 2lst January, 1956, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Miss Cameron, M.A., Ed.B. St. Andrew's Night was celebrated on lst December, 1956. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Last Saturday in month (September to March) at Ashley Bank Hotel, Langholm.

CATH. E. IRVING, Hon. Secretary. 663: BOURNEMOUTH CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. James G. Jack, W.S. The Society held its Jubilee Ball on 15th March, 1957. Amongst those present were the Mayor and Mayoress of Christchurch, Councillor K. L. Smith, J.P., and Mrs. Smith, the Society's Chaplain, the Rev. James Jackson, and Mrs. Jackson, and representatives of the following Societies: Dorset Caledonian Society, Fawley and District Caledonian Society, New Milton and District Caledonian Society, Salisbury and District Cale­ donian Society, Southampton Scottish Association, Taunton Caledonian Society, Weymouth St. Andrew's Scottish Country Dancing Club, Bournemouth and District Londoners' Society, and Bournemouth Northumberland and Durham Society. Annual Church Service.-The Annual Church Service was held on 19th May, 1957, at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, The Square, Bournemouth. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Hallowe'en, St. Andrew's Night, Hogmanay, Burns Nicht, etc., in the Pavilion, Bournemouth. T. P. SAUNDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 665 : GARTMORN LADIES' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 30th January, 1957, a tape recording from the previous year's Men's Burns Club was replayed to our Club by Mr. Tom Johnstone, the "Immortal Memory" being given by the Right Honourable Arthur Wood­ burn, M.P., on that record. Our Annual Outing took place on 7th July, 1957, to Gala­ shiels, Melrose, and the Borders. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Last Wednesday of each month, October to March, in Sauchie Lesser Hall.

(Mrs.) LIZZIE DAWSON, Hon. Secretary.

L 154 BURNS CLUB NOTES 673: HIGHLAND MARY BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 19th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Mr. Alex Pearson. Each old person received a gift of money. Members' Drive on lst June, 1957, venue being Saltcoats; Children's Picnic, venue being Perth. Mrs. M. Mathieson, Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Paterson gave a quiz on Burns's Works during the session. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Start of new session, 26th August, and every Second Monday thereafter. Meeting place-No. 2 Goth, Cardenden. (Mrs.) MARGARET MATHIESON, Hon. Sec7'f1tary. 674: MANCHESTER AND SALFORD CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by R. McCarthy, Esq., Editor of the News Chronicle and Daily Dispatch. We have had a very full winter programme, including Dances, Children's Parties, Concerts, Lantern Lectures, etc. D. FORBES HAY, Hon. Treasurer. 679 : TULLIBODY AND CAMBUS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: The Anniversary Dinner was held on 25th January, 1957, when the Rev. J. Jamieson proposed the "Immortal Memory." Several successful functions were held during the year, and the Club's Annual Outing was to Dumfri€ls, when many places of interest to Burnsians were visited. Dates and place of Club Meetings : First Monday of each month except June, July and August. Place-Tullibody Insti­ tute, Tullibody. (Mrs.) W. G. STEWART, Hon. Secretary. 680: THISTLE BURNS CLUB, SALTCOATS Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, Provost Ford of Stevenston gave the "Immortal Memory." This was the first Supper to be held in the new premises at the Railway Staffs Association Club in Ardrossan. The Summer Outing to the Trossachs took place on 25th August, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly. Railway Staff Club, Princes Street, Ardrossan. T. DAVIS, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 155

690 : PIRNHILL BURNS CLUB Date and place of Club Meetings : Once every month in Pirnhill. JOHN DAVIDSON, Hon. Secretary.

691: INVERNESS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, Mr. Noel Stevenson gave the "Immortal Memory." The Club presented the usual prizes of £5 5s. each to the pupils of the Inverness Royal Academy and the Inverness Technical High School for the best essays on Robert Burns. The Club also presented to each of the above schools a copy of the "Schools Song Book of Burns's Songs," as published by McDougall's Education Co. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Royal Insurance Company Building, Queensgate, Inverness. c. R. MACKENZIE, Hon. Secretary.

693: MASONIC BURNS CLUB, KIRKCUDBRIGHT The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. John Good, Twynholm. We held a Whist Drive and, to wind up the season, we had a Social Evening. W. J. FERGUSON, Hon. Secretary.

695 : KILMARONOCK BURNS CLUB (DUNBARTONSHIRE) Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory'' was proposed by the Rev. J. T. Monteith, M.A., of Drymen Parish. St. Andrew's Night Dinner was held and also an Outing to the Burns Country. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Gartocharn Hotel.

WILLIAM PORTER, Hon. Secretary.

696 : WHITLEY BAY AND DISTRICT SOCIETY OF ST. ANDREW Anniversary Dinner Report: On 18th January, 1957, the "Immortal ·Memory" was proposed by Mrs. C. E. Bryce, M.A., of Sunderland. Our winter season includes a "Get Together Party" in Sept­ ember, followed by a Hallowe'en Party, St. Andrew's Night, 156 BURNS CLUB NOTES Christmas Party, Burns's Anniversary Night, St. Valentine's Night, and, to conclude, a Lauder Night. A Summer Outing is held in June. R. A. TAYLOR, President.

700: HAMILTON JUBILEE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. John McCulloch. The Club Outing.was held on 26th May, 1957, to Inveraray and the Six Lochs. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Wednesday of each month in Jubilee Rooms, Baillies Causeway, Hamilton.

QUINTIN YOUNG McQuATER, Hon. Secretary. 706 : NORTH LINDSEY SCOTS SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 29th January, 1957, the . "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Allan M. Briggs, M.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., D.O.M.S., of Lincoln. Our usual St. Andrew's Dinner and Dance was held on 28th November. Other events included H~llowe'en and New Year Parties, a Motor Rally and Treasure Hunt and a Celtic Ball, supported by the Scots, Welsh, and Irish folk of the Town. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Various. JOHN D. BURNS, Hon. Secretary. 707 : MALVERN SCOTS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mrs. Owen Williams. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Fortnightly on Thursdays during winter season in Priory Lodge Hall. A. M. GENT, Hon. Secretary. 710: BURNS SOCIETY OF TORONTO Anniversary Dinner Report : The Society did not hold an Anniversary Dinner in 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : As called from time to time. D. MCCOWAN, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 157 718: THE ST. ANDREW SOCIETY OF YORK Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by James Anderson, Esq., Past President of Darlington Burns Club. A Members' Informal Dinner was held to open the Winter's activities. A Dinner-Dance was held at Malton on 15th February, 1957. This was organised by members who reside in the Malton Area. On lst June, 1957, 220 members and friends joined in an outing to Ilkley and Bolton Abbey, travelling by Diesel train­ the first Diesel excursion to be organised from York. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Cumberland House, Cumberland Street, York. HAROLD HUTCHISON, Hon. Secretary.

720 : RETFORD AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 23rd January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by A. B. Laing, Esq., Gainsboro, Lines. The President's Reception was held on 2nd October, 1956, Hallowe'en Party, 3lst October, 1956, and St. Andrew's Night Party on 27th November, 1956. Our A.G.M. was held on 29th April, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Ebsworth Hall, Retford; Tuesday-Monthly. (Mrs.) D. I. WALKER, Hon. Secretary.

721: THE PLYMOUTH BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was an anthology of works of Robert Burns recited or sung by various ladies and gentlemen, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth (Councillor W. Oats) bringing the proceedings to a close with the Toast "Scotland." A Hallowe'en Dance and Hogmanay Highland Ball were held. Also a Hallowe'en Afternoon Party for the bairns. A lecture and a film show on the work of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution were given by Mr. Allen S. Hicks. The City Librarian, Mr. B. West Harris, invited our members to films and a lecture-­ "Plymouth Before and After" (the blitz). Members attended St. Andrew's Divine Service at the Plymouth Presbyterian Church. There was an evening coach trip to Lew Trenchard, the home of S. Baring Gould of "Onward, Christian Soldiers" fame. 158 BURNS CLUB NOTES Dates and place of Club Meetings: On the Second and Last Thursdays of the month from September to May, at the May­ flower Hall, 67 Union Street, Plymouth.

MARGARET ROWAN, Hon. Secretary.

722 : BRIDLINGTON AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by George Clark, Esq., President. A Hallowe'en Children's Party was held by the Club, and at the St. Andrew's Night Dinner and Dance "Caledonia" was pro­ posed by Sir Somerfed Macdonald of Sleat, Bt., M.C., Patron of the Society. · A Caledonian Ball was held on 15th March with music by Jimmy Shand's Scottish Dance Orchestra. On 3lst December we had.a Hogmanay Celebration Ball, and during the year Scottish Plays by the Dramatic Section. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Last and Mid-Thursday, each month, in the Alexandra Hotel, Bridlington, E. Yorks.

C. S. DUTHIE, Hon. Secretary.

727: THE ST. ANDREW SOCIETY OF DENMARK Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was for the first time given by a lady-Mrs. Jean B. Murdoch from Glasgow. We held a St. Andrew's Night Ball on 30th November, 1956, and from the Royal Scottish Pipers' Society we had five pipers over-leader, Mr. J. Hector Ross. The new British Ambassador, Sir Roderick Barclay, was present. On this occasion we collected at a Whisky auction on 24 half-bottles of Mackenzie Whisky £400 for our School Children Exchange Fund. From this amount . we handed £250 over to the Red Cross Hungary Help Fund. (An exchange of school children is carried out between Frederiksberg and Dundee.) As usual we sent a Christmas Tree to the City of Edinburgh. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Generally once a month from September to April inclusive. HANS SCHRODER, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 159 743: THE ROMFORD SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION Anniversary Dinner Report: On 23rd January, 1957, the "Im.mortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. David Fulton, Past President, Burns Club of London. The President's Reception was held on 3rd October, 1956. The Reel Club carried on its activities throughout the season. Three Ceilidhs were also held, and a Theatre Outing. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Third Wednesday each month at the Swan Hotel, Market Place, Ifomford. Reel Club each Tuesday at Heath Park Secondary School.

A. ANDERSON, Hon. Secretary.

745: NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was given by Herbert Down, Esq., of Edinburgh. Social functions included a Hallowe'en Party, St. Andrew's Dinner and Ball, Special St. Andrew's Church Service and a Supper Dance. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Various.

J. G. GALL, Hon. Secretary.

7 46 : GRIMSBY AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 24th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. T. D. Pollock, M.A., Leeds. We held a St. Andrew's Night function and a Hogmanay Ball. A Charity Dance was also held in aid of the Sailors' Children's Society. Date and place of Club Meetings: Every Second Friday, commencing 20th September, 1957, at Y.M.C.A., Hencage Road, Grimsby. (Miss) E. MCCALLUM, M.A., Hon. Secretary. 748: OUPLAYMUIR BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 15th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by James R. Walker, Esq., J.P., of the Paisley Burns Club. E. A. MCQUEEN, Hon. Secretary. 160 BURNS CLUB NOTES 753: WESTMORLAND ST. ANDREW SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory'' was proposed by S. W. Love, Esq. (Vice­ President of Glasgow and District Burns Association). We held a Caledonian Ball on 12th October, 1956, and a Scottish Ball on 22nd March, 1957. The Society suffered grievous losses during the year by the deaths of two Past Presidents, Mr. John Irvine (a Founder Member) and Mr. W. J. McNaught. (Mrs.) M. MORTON, Hon. Secretary. 754: THORNTON CLEVELEYS AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mrs. E. B. Muir, M.A., J.P. St. Andrew's Dinner and Dance was held on 30th November, 1956, our Hallowe'en Party on 3lst October, 1956, and New Year Dance on 2nd January, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Regal Hotel, Cleveleys. I. HEPBURN, Hon. Secretary. 755 : BLYTH AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the Rev. Mr. Jones proposed the "Immortal Memory." Included in our year's programme was a Brains Trust. On lst December, 1956, we held a St. Andrew's Dinner at which Mr. D. L. Bloomer was our main speaker. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Monthly in Star and Garter Hotel, Blyth. (Mrs.) J. FRASER, Hon. Secretary. 762: TANNOCHSIDE MOSSGIEL BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 18th January, 1957, the ..Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mrs. C. D. Macintosh, Past President of the Lanarkshire Association of Burns Clubs. The Annual Drive on the last Saturday of August, 1956, to Methil incorporated a visit to Denbeath and District Burns Oub. In the course of the winter session the President gave an interest­ ing lecture on the songs of Burns. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Third Monday every month (Tannochside Social Club). aosed April to August. RAY POLLOCK, Hon. Secy. (Pro. tern.). BURNS CLUB NOTES 161 763: WAKEFIELD CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. D. Hill, York. Dates and place of Club Meetings : See Syllabus. (Mrs.) K. WADS WORTH, Hon. Secretary. 766: GLENCOE AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On Friday, 18th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by George S. G. Vernon of Crieff. A Dance takes place in early November. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Glencoe Hotel. D. MACMASTER, Hon. Secretary. 767: LAURENCEKIRK AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 2lst January the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Professor Rex Knight, Aberdeen University. The Club is now holding two Social Evenings a year, one in April and one in November. Dates and place of Club Meetings: From October to April (monthly) in the Royal Hotel. GEORGE LAMB, Hon. Secretary. 768: AUCHTERDERRAN JOLLY BEGGARS' BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 19th January, 1957, Mr. William Cook, J.P., proposed the "Immortal Memory." The Annual Drive took place to Mauchline on 5th May, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Bowhill No. 1 Gothen­ burg, first Saturday of each month from October to March, at 6.30 p.m. HUGH DRENNAN, Hon. Secretary. 769: ROBERT BRUCE BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Ronald B. Anderson, a young Glasgow University student. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Horse-Shoe Bar, Clackmannan. ARCHIBALD A. GILLON, Hon. Secretary. 162 BURNS CLUB NOTES 772 : PRESTWICK BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by our President, Mr. W. Hewitson. Our Annual Drive consisted of a circular tour of South Ayr­ shire on the evening of 5th June, 1957. Dates and place of Club Meetings: First Tuesday of each month, at 7.30 p.m., October to April, inclusive, at the St. Nicholas Hotel, Prestwick. A. R. S. McBRIDE, A.R.I.C.S., Hon. Secretary. 775 : HARTLEPOOLS CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the Rev. Edward T. Hewitt, M.A., of Loudoun Parish Church, Newmilns, Ayrshire. Our membership and finances are sound. Scottish Country Dancing at the monthly Reel Classes is extremely popular and there were satisfactory attendances at the Discussion Group Meetings. We held a Hallowe'en Party, St. Andrew's Nicht and New Year Nicht Dances. Close connection with neighbouring Scottish Societies was maintained with an inter-change of visits. A special feature of this Society is the introduction of a "News­ letter" which contains many items of interest and informative notes for the benefit of the members. The resignation of Mr. W. 0. Richardson as Society Treasurer took place early in the season. Mr. Richardson had given many years' service to the Society and in recognition of this a cheque was paid to the Local Geriatric Fund. Mr. Richardson has been succeeded as Treasurer by Mr. P. D. Kay. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly, September to April, in Grand Hotel, West Hartlepool. CHARLES s. LEE, Hon. Secretary. 776: PEMBROKESHIRE CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: Mr. John Mcintyre, M.A., Registrar of Swansea University College, proposed the "Immortal Memory." A New Year's Nicht Ball was held. Mr. John Young, President of the Society since it was founded in 1948, was unanimously elected Honorary Life President in recognition of his worthy services, at the A.G.M. in April. Dates and place of Oub Meetings: Monthly meetings at various places. E. Mel. CLARK, Hon. Secretary. BURNS CLUB NOTES 163

777 : NUNEATON AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 19-57, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by the President, Mr. F. Martin. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Friday Evenings in the Ambulance Hall, Nuneaton. N. SPENCE, M.R.C.V.S., Hon. Secretary. 780 : ISLE OF MAN CALEDONIAN SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Lord Saltoun, M.C. The Loyal Toast was proposed by His Excellency the Lieutenant­ Governor of the Isle of Man, and the former Ambassador to Egypt, Sir Ralph Stevenson, G.C.M.G., M.L.C., replied to the toast of "Our Adopted Country." During the year a jewelled Badge was presented to the S6ciety, to be worn by the Lady of the President. Hallowe'en Party, Christmas Party, St. Andrew's Night Dinner-Dance, New Year's Night Dance, a Picnic and Socials were among the Season's activities. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Monthly, at Sefton Hotel or Castle Mona Hotel. N. McDONALD, Hon. Secretary. 781: OCHILVIEW BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 23rd January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. J. Snedden, Hamilton. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Bridge Hotel, Tillicoultry. DAVID S. MELDRUM, Hon. Secretary. 782: BERGEN BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Peggy Flygansvrer. "Scotia" was proposed by Steinar Melvrer and replied to by Ian S. Dobie, "Town and Trade of Bergen" by Ole Ovsthus and replied to by A. G. Kristiansen. Sv. Ekrem read a Norwegian translation of "Tam o' Shanter." St. Andrew's Day: The celebrations in 1956 were particularly successful. Solo items were given by Wm. Baird, the Chairman; solos by Amy Bjertnes, and a sketch written by the Secretary was performed and gave much amusement. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Undecided as yet for this year. NELLIE KRISTIANSEN, Hon. Secretary. 164 BURNS CLUB NOTES 783: HUDDERSFIELD AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: On 25th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by John S. Wall, Esq., Town Clerk, Rotherham. A St. Andrew's Dinner and Dance, Hallowe'en Party, Hog­ manay Supper and Dance, Ladies' Concert, etc., were among the season's activities. We also had our Annual Organised Outing to the Manchester Highland Games and had the pleasure this year of being hosts at the Annual General Meeting of the Burns Federation (Yorkshire District). Dates and place of Club Meetings : Every second Tuesday and when necessary at The Albion Hotel, Buxton Road, Huddersfield. LESLIE ANDERSON, Hon. Secretary. 795 : LONGCROFT, BONNYBRIDGE AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory'' was proposed by County Councillor Wm. Baxter. A St. Andrew's Night Dinner and Dance was held on 30th November, 1956. School Prize-Winners' Concert was held on 3rd February, 1957, fourteen Winners each reciting or singling their prize­ winning effort. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Friday nearest to 25th of each month from October to April, Masonic Arms, Longcroft. JAs. McDOUGALL, Hon. Secretary. 796: GATESHEAD AND DISTRICT ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY Anniversary Dinner Report: The principal speaker was Mr. Jock Thompson, Newcastle on Tyne. The Society holds Social Evenings and Whist Drives through­ out the season. Scottish Dancing Class is well attended. Summer Outing this year was to Dumfries and Hawick. A further Outing to Bamburgh is planned. The Society celebrates St. Andrew's Night with a Dinner-Dance. Dates and place of Club Meetings : Co-operative Hall, White­ hall Road, Gateshead. J. L. CHALMERS, Hon. Secretary. 797 : WI SHAW EAST CROSS BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report : The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. Thos. Gray, M.A., Calderhead Secondary School, Shotts. BURNS CLUB NOTES 165 Whist Drives were held in November and January in aid of Orphans' Homes and Spastic Children, £30 and £22 10s. respec­ tively being handed over. Annual Bus Run took place in June to Arbroath. Dates and place of Club Meetings : First and Third W ednes­ day each month. ARTHUR PHILLIPS, Hon. Secretary.

803 : BOWHILL PEOPLE'S BURNS CLUB Anniversary Dinner Report: On 26th January, 1957, the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Scotland's leading poet, Dr. C. M. Grieve (Hugh McDiarmid). The Club held its Opening Social on 17th November, 1956. The Club also put on the whole show for Crossgates Old Age Pensioners' Burns Dinner on 19th January, 1957. A party from the Club also did the same for the Auchterderran Women's Circle Burns Dinner; then on 30th January we put on a Burns Supper for the A.B.C. & D. Swimming Pool in aid of their funds. We also participated in a St. Andrew's Day Celebration at Kinglassie by special request. The Club party also put on a show along with Dundonald Reel and Strathspey Band under its leader Mr. Alex Tripney at the two Miners' Convalescent Homes, Linwood Hall and Blair Castle. We finished up the season with our Annual Outing to Kilmarnock. The guest of the evening was Mr. Alex. Macmillan, M.A., President of the Burns Federation. Dates and place of Club Meetings: Second Saturday of every month in Bowhill No. 1 Goth. JAMES GILLIES, Hon. Secretary.

Editor's Note: It is regretted that, owing to their late arrival, many Club reports have been excluded. OF

Drive,

Court, Oxhill

Union

Street,

House,

Glasgow, Glasgow,

37

Airdrie

Wellington

Kilmarnock

Main

62

ROLL

Club,

Pl.,

Dumbarton Road,

Street,

Hillcrest,

Goldwell

Kensington

Cumlodden

House, 3

13

Quadrant,

Burns

Devonshire Crescent,

Street,

F.T.C.L.,

THE

Minard Chesterfield

41

Burnfoot

Eglinton

Brown,

Secretary

29

C.A., 38

71

Castle

Latta

13

Dundee

ON Road,

9

Nottingham

Buchanan 10

N.W.

W.8

Nicholson,

Forgrave, Gray,

Dundee

Dumbarton

Allan,

Belfast. R.

McCall,

H.

Francis, Campbell

Taylor,

M.

Robertson,

Barton, C.

McFarlane,

Ashgate

Poustie,

A.

F. Bicknell.

Glasgow, London,

Callander.

C.5 S.l Road,

29 Street, Park, Sherwood,

John

W. J. John G. Albert Robert Mrs. A. Hugh

Harry Edward

R.

1957.

SOCIETIES

Gow

1957)

M.A.

Dalgleish

MacDonald­

W.

Berrie

Duncan

Mather

Armstrong

Wilson

Myron

S.

Law

Laing President

Hanson Wilson,

Connell

G.

October,

K.

Smith

R. T.

SCOTTISH

John

Thomas Robert

l9th S. Peter Walter William Arthur Tom

Dr. David William

G.

FEDERATION,

to

66

40 50 96

60

200 127 130

AND 160

408 345

654 170

Members

(Co"ected

BURNS

1885 1885 1885 1885 Fed. 1885 1884

1886 1886

1886

1886

1886 1886

1886

CLUBS

Inst. THE

1868 1884 1808 1858 1877 1882

1882 1859

1886

1860

1886 1871 1885

-

- - - -

- -

Cale-

-- --

-

--

--

BURNS

Club

Assoc.

London

-

Club

---

Club Club

352

District

of

Burns

Club

Club

Club

Club Association

Club

and Burns

Name Scottish

Burns

Burns

Club

Association

Burns

THE

Shanter Burns

Burns

Burns

Burns

Burns

o'

Burns

donian

OF

The Kilmarnock

Tam Alexandria

Thistle

Callander Royalty Dumbarton Chesterfield

Nottingham Dundee

Belfast

Airdrie

1

2 0 3

7 9

4

10 11

17 14

15

No.

20

LIST

.... °' °'

Road, Road,

Place, Place,

Clerk, Clerk,

Street, Street,

Bldgs., Bldgs.,

Street, Street,

Paisley Paisley

Regent Regent

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Gardens, Gardens,

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Stirling Stirling

Bank Bank

Town Town

St., St.,

West West

Govan Govan

Dollar Dollar

Mary's Mary's

Burrell Burrell

Avenue, Avenue,

Road, Road,

Street, Street,

131 131

Brisbane Brisbane

and and

824 824

St. St.

Warriston Warriston

Road, Road,

Forbes Forbes

National National

Port Port

3 3

50 50

4 4

C.A., C.A.,

19 19

C.2 C.2

Maryhill Maryhill

80 80

Stonefield Stonefield

Secretary Secretary

Solicitor Solicitor

Station Station

14 14

"Braemore," "Braemore,"

Hall, Hall,

114 114

4 4

MacLean, MacLean,

Grant, Grant,

Gordon, Gordon,

S.W.1 S.W.1

Grant, Grant,

Christie, Christie,

G. G.

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Donaldson, Donaldson,

Doull, Doull,

Hunter, Hunter,

Ethel Ethel

Betty Betty

Irvine, Irvine,

Mitchell, Mitchell,

McCracken, McCracken,

Cochran, Cochran,

I. I.

D. D.

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Lawrence Lawrence S.E. S.E.

Crieff Crieff

Aberdeen Aberdeen N.W. N.W. Cumnock Cumnock

Street, Street,

Dairy, Dairy,

Edinburgh, Edinburgh,

Greenock Greenock

Miss Miss

W. W.

Robert Robert

R. R.

J. J.

Alex. Alex. Miss Miss

Frank Frank

Peter Peter

Douglass Douglass

Archibald Archibald Abey Abey

William William

Anderson Anderson

Easton, Easton,

Grant Grant

Henry Henry

Deas Deas

F.S.A.(Scot.) F.S.A.(Scot.)

Campbell Campbell

Lochans Lochans

Adam Adam

C. C.

B. B.

Miller Miller

J. J.

N. N.

Shields Shields

Gilleon-

C. C.

Reid Reid

President President

J. J.

A. A.

John John

John John

William William

Dr. Dr.

James James

Dr. Dr.

Charles Charles

James James

Robert Robert

Robert Robert

Archibald Archibald

35 35 30 30

80 80

70 70

96 96

no no

ll8 ll8

175 175

120 120

146 146

164 164

1700 1700

Members Members

1892 1892

1892 1892

1891 1891

1891 1891

1889 1889

1890 1890 1891 1891

1887 1887

1887 1887

1886 1886

1886 1886

Fed. Fed.

1886 1886

1872 1872

1805 1805 1886 1886

1889 1889 1870 1870

1887 1887

1825 1825

1848 1848 1886 1885 1885 1887

1872 1872 1887 1887

1801 1801

Inst. Inst.

-

-

-

- -

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

--

-

- -

-

--

Club Club

Club Club

-

-

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Name Name

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Haggis Haggis

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Fairfield Fairfield

Burns Burns

(Ayrshire) (Ayrshire)

Stirling Stirling Govan Govan

Cumnock Cumnock Strathearn Strathearn

Bridgeton Bridgeton

Dollar Dollar

Glasgow Glasgow

Dairy Dairy Aberdeen Aberdeen

Paisley Paisley

Greenock Greenock

Rosebery Rosebery Edinburgh Edinburgh

53 53

50 50

49 49 36 36

45 45

37 37

40 40 48 48

35 35

22 22

42 42

33 33

21 21

No. No.

"' "'

...... °' °' of

Old

Firs,

Park, (Joint

Road, Bank,

Road,

Street,

Street,

C.3

Opoho,

Carlisle

Bank

The

Cupar

Linen

Gourock.

Road,

Terrace,

Dewar

Renfield

Brechin.

Glasgow,

Stanwix,

Kedleston Bank,

Hill

Derbyshire

65 Dumbarton

Harold,

Humbledon

Drive,

British

116 Nan's

450 J.

Commercial

33

Cres., 270

B.L.,

Signal

Street,

Kirn

14

The

National Secretary

Zealand Arbroath

Eastbank,

65

Duffield,

M.A.,

105

Dene 19

Wylie,

Derby;

Sharp,

Love,

New

Ltd.,

C.2

Aitken,

Harvey,

28

Glasgow.

McBain,

Hill,

W.

Waugh,

S.

A.

W.

Smith,

Sauchiehall W.

J.

D.

Young,

A.

Rutherford,

McAllister.,

Spowart,

Jordan,

Castle Allestree, Secretaries) 515 B.

G.

Dunedin, Partick,

Glasgow,

Scotland,

Dunfermline Cumnock Sunderland

""

Miss

J. Samuel J. Robert S. Russell David

David T. John Alex. William

C.A.

Smith

J.P.

Aitken

B.Mus.

Cooper

O.B.E.

M.

J.

H.J.

Osborne

M.A.,

Macintosh,

Wilson

A.

B.

Fitzgerald

Thexton, James

Fred.

Marshall

President

E.

Allison,

Turner

Kirk,

S.

A.

Muir S.

W.

T. W. Ex-Provost Lachlan C. Bailie J. Bailie

Albert John W.

Bailie

90

86

46 45 50 80

90

136 600 825 500

120

Members

1893 1893 1894 1893 1894 1895 Fed. 1895 1896

1896

1897

Inst. 1893

1893 1890 1893 1861

1889 1885 1888 1895

1894 1812 1896

1856 1888 1896 1897

-

- -

-

-

-

and

and

Club

Burns

--

Oub

inc.

Mauchline

Burns

------

Club

Club

Memorial Burns

Beggars Club.

Association

Club

Club Club

Club

1Jnited

Homes, Name

Burns

Club

Jolly

Burns

Willie

Burns

Burns

-----

Burns

Burns

Burns

Scottish

Burns

Burns

Club

Cottage

Gourock

Dunedin

Partick Derby National Cupar Carlisle

Sandyford(Glasgow)BurnsClub Brechin Arbroath

Sunderland Winsome

Dunfermline

59

69 55 62

72

71 74 76 68 82 86

89

85

No.

:;:: 00

St., St.,

E.2 E.2

West-

Street, Street,

Street, Street,

Street, Street,

Bolton, Bolton,

Fairway, Fairway,

Newart-

Moseley, Moseley,

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Hamilton Hamilton

Whitehill, Whitehill,

Dumfries Dumfries

Regent Regent

High High

Dell, Dell,

The The

St., St.,

High High

Alva Alva

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Place, Place,

Grove, Grove,

Road, Road,

110 110

Street, Street,

West West

The The

Road, Road,

14 14

138 138

St., St.,

Street, Street,

Bath Bath

48 48

East East

202 202

Hillside Hillside

Bldgs., Bldgs.,

46 46

C.A., C.A.,

Chantry Chantry

w.s., w.s.,

Cadzow Cadzow

Schoolhouse, Schoolhouse,

11 11

C.A., C.A.,

Dryden Dryden

Bristol Bristol

Secretary Secretary

Rosefield Rosefield

Amulree Amulree 13 13

"Wirral," "Wirral,"

50 50

54 54

Bank Bank

2 2

51 51

64 64

C.2 C.2

391 391

Moffat, Moffat,

McDowall, McDowall,

Bell, Bell,

Lawson, Lawson,

Chisholm, Chisholm,

Boslem, Boslem,

Dodd, Dodd,

McVittie, McVittie, Copland, Copland,

F. F.

Motherwell Motherwell

Miller, Miller,

Jackson, Jackson,

A. A.

Wilken, Wilken,

J. J.

D. D.

c. c.

Paterson, Paterson,

Wright, Wright,

B. B.

Birmingham, Birmingham,

Kevan Kevan

Darlington. Darlington.

C.2 C.2

Glasgow, Glasgow, Elgin. Elgin.

hill, hill,

Falkirk Falkirk

Edinburgh, Edinburgh,

Hamilton Hamilton

bury-on-Trym, bury-on-Trym,

Lanes. Lanes.

Graham Graham

John John

J. J.

John John

Ian Ian

C. C.

Thomas Thomas

David David

J. J.

Mrs. Mrs.

G. G.

Norman Norman

David David

R. R.

B.D. B.D.

J.P. J.P.

O.B.E., O.B.E.,

(sen.) (sen.)

F.S.A.A. F.S.A.A.

Paterson, Paterson,

(1956-57) (1956-57)

Donaldson Donaldson

Maxwell Maxwell

M. M.

MacKechnie MacKechnie

M. M.

McLaren McLaren

McGill, McGill,

J.P., J.P.,

Moffat, Moffat,

Smith Smith

Robertson Robertson

Walker Walker

Smith Smith

Kinnaird Kinnaird

B. B.

Shaw Shaw

A. A.

President President

John John Robert Robert

G. G.

P. P.

W. W.

Mcculloch Mcculloch

A. A.

C. C.

Dunlop Dunlop

R. R.

Rev. Rev. Miss Miss

Rev. Rev.

Robert Robert

Adam Adam

Alexander Alexander

Festus Festus

G. G.

R. R.

David David D. D.

T. T. R. R.

W. W.

85 85

28 28

66 66

35 35

64 64

80 80

778 778

155 155

221 221

400 400

100 100

200 200

539 539

112 112

Members Members

1908 1908

1906 1906

1906 1906

1906 1906

1905 1905

1904 1904

1904 1904

1902 1902

1902 1902

1899 1899

1900 1900 1901 1901

1897 1897

Fed. Fed.

1888 1888

1906 1906

1903 1903

1877 1877

1905 1905

1903 1903 1904 1904

1866 1866

1890 1890

1886 1886

Inst. Inst.

1889 1889

1897 1897

1820 1820

1881 1881 1897

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Scot-

-

-

--

--

--

-

--

--

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

-

---

Society Society

-

Association Association

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Midland Midland

Burns Burns

Howff Howff

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

and and

Club Club

Burns Burns

Name Name

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Junior Junior

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Society Society

Burns Burns

Caledonian Caledonian

Burns Burns

Bu'rns Bu'rns

Hamilton Hamilton

Ninety Ninety

tish tish

Birmingham Birmingham

Darlington Darlington

Scottish Scottish

The The

Elgin Elgin

National National

Newarthill Newarthill

Falkirk Falkirk

Hamilton Hamilton

The The

Bristol Bristol

Dumfries Dumfries

Shettleston Shettleston

Bolton Bolton

91 91

95 95

167 167

158 158

153 153

152 152

149 149

No. No.

139 139

133 133

126 126

121 121 124 124

120 120

112 112

$ $

...... iii: iii: of

194

West

R,oad,

Street,

South, Street,

Bank

104

Eastfield,

Kilbirnie,

Cottage, Londonderry

C.2 Newtongrange

Duffield

LL.B., Crescent

Dundonald

Bouverie

Avenue,

National Terrace,

St.,

93 Street,

270

Rowan

Canada.

5

Fife

M.A.,

Glasgow,

Hillside

Burn

Third

Secretary

Central

M.A.,

Galashiels

23

1

30

Princes

Kelty,

11

Watson,

Street, Manitoba,

31

Ltd., Anderson,

L.

Fitzimmons,

Ayrshire

Stenhouse,

Shaw,

C.

J. Phillips,

Young, Clark,

Street,

B.

Cunningham.,

bridge

Carson,

E.

J.

James,

E.

Campbell Troon, Gilmour,

Main Scotland,

Port-Glasgow

Ayrshire St. Cambuslang Gore

Andrew

William

J.

Thomas

A.

Wm.

James William

David Mrs.

Richard

B.D.

C.A.

B.A.,

(1956-57)

Orr,

Beaton,

Love

M.I.Mar.E.

Cook

Boyle,

F.

Brown,

M.

W.

M.

Knight

M.A.

McGowan President Humphries

Juner

N.

A.

Mcinnes

Wilson

Rev. William Samuel

Rev.

Robert

John

James

Thos. Robert Adam A.

30

40 60

30 75 40

Clubs

470 100

Clubs

24

Members

37

1908 Fed. 1908

1909

1909

1910

1910 1911

1911 1912 1911

Inst.

1907 1826

1907

1907

1910 1908

1910 1906 1910 1908

-

-

-

and

Club

Jolly

Burns

Burns

--

Burns

Burns --

--

of

Club

Club

---

-

Burns

------

Club

Club

Club

District

District

Society

Burns Burns

-- Club Wingate

Twenty-five Name

Burns

Shanter and

Burns

and

Burns

Association

----

Burns

Glasgow

Association

Caledonian

Clubs

Beggars

Club Club

Glasgow

Irvine

Londonderry

Blairadam Galashiels

Port Ayrshire Winnipeg

Gorebridge Cambuslang Newbattle

No.

169

173

183

184 187

190 192

197

198

199 207

~

o

. .

to to

194 194

St., St.,

Road, Road,

Drive, Drive,

Porto­

Street, Street,

White­

7th 7th

Alloway, Alloway,

Crescent, Crescent,

Levittown, Levittown,

Dalmuir Dalmuir

Hawick Hawick

N. N.

Langholm Langholm

Cottage, Cottage,

Place. Place.

Mary's Mary's

Church Church

411 411

Terrace, Terrace,

Road, Road,

Road, Road,

Dumfries Dumfries

St. St.

Prospecthill Prospecthill

Bridge, Bridge,

Greenock Greenock

Street, Street,

112 112

Communications Communications

Rowan Rowan

5 5

Woodlands Woodlands

Fife. Fife.

Straiton Straiton

24 24

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Constabulary, Constabulary,

Island Island

7 7

Charles, Charles,

U.S.A. U.S.A.

High High

Edgehill Edgehill

Road, Road,

89 89

Albert Albert

Secretary Secretary Carzield, Carzield,

21 21

Overtoun Overtoun

9 9

28 28

(Secy.) (Secy.)

Kelty, Kelty,

Mo., Mo.,

Wm. Wm.

35 35

Metcalfe, Metcalfe,

York York

Gordon, Gordon,

Anderson, Anderson,

S.2 S.2

Garvie, Garvie,

1, 1,

Georgia, Georgia,

2 2

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Pool, Pool,

Hepburn, Hepburn,

T. T.

C. C.

Hunter, Hunter,

H. H.

Downie, Downie,

Waugh, Waugh,

Street, Street,

Fairweather,, Fairweather,,

S. S.

Finlayson, Finlayson,

Wood, Wood,

Mattick Mattick

Davidson, Davidson,

Louis Louis

A. A.

Bain, Bain,

J. J.

Richard Richard

V. V.

W. W.

Penna., Penna.,

Glasgow, Glasgow,

Main Main

Ayr Ayr

Montrose Montrose Decatur, Decatur,

Bothwell Bothwell

haven haven

St. St.

Treasurer: Treasurer:

bello bello

Neil Neil

R. R.

William William Thomas Thomas

Hugh Hugh Andrew Andrew

Thomas Thomas W. W.

Arthur Arthur

John John

A. A.

William William

Irvin Irvin

Mrs. Mrs.

John John

M.A M.A

Watson Watson

Folk Folk

H. H.

Welsh Welsh

Fraser Fraser

Butchart Butchart

Dinwiddie Dinwiddie

Gilmour Gilmour

Cooper Cooper

J. J.

P. P.

Jeffrey Jeffrey

Polson Polson

Ferguson Ferguson

Bulloch Bulloch

W. W. Aitken Aitken

President President

Sinclair Sinclair Murray Murray

Edwin. Edwin.

John John

MaoFarlane, MaoFarlane,

A. A.

C. C.

Wm. Wm.

Francis Francis

Joseph Joseph

William William

Peter Peter Provost Provost

Alex. Alex.

E. E.

Prof. Prof.

N. N.

James James George George Dr. Dr.

Alexander Alexander

Alexander Alexander

20 20

59 59

30 30

64 64

27 27

96 96

60 60

Clubs Clubs

850 850 110 110

557 557

123 123

157 157

100 100

101 101

18 18

Members Members

1920 1920

1919 1919

1918 1918

1916 1916

1914 1914

1915 1915

1914 1914

1913 1913 1913 1913

1914 1914

1913 1913

1913 1913

1912 1912

Fed. Fed.

1919 1919

1919 1919 1919 1914 1914

1919 1919

1878 1878

1908 1908

1908 1908

1914 1914 1914

1914 1914

1896 1896

1820 1820

Inst. Inst.

1904 1904 1892 1892

1886 1886 1909 1909

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

--

Burns Burns

-- Club Club

--

Club Club

Louis Louis

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

John's John's

Association Association

Club Club

Club Club

St. St.

Club Club

Atlanta Atlanta

Club Club

Masonic Masonic

Clydebank Clydebank

Burns Burns

of of

of of

Name Name

St. St.

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Masonic Masonic

Burns Burns

and and

-----

-

---

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Glasgow Glasgow

Alloway Alloway

Fifeshire Fifeshire

Dalmuir Dalmuir

Montrose Montrose

Hawick Hawick

Trenton Trenton

Burns Burns Uddingston Uddingston

Dumfries Dumfries

Burns Burns Greenock Greenock

Eskdale Eskdale

Whitehaven Whitehaven

Portobello Portobello

No. No.

263 263

252 252

262 262

244 244 271 271

239 239

242 242

238 238 237 237

226 226 220 220

236 236

217 217

209 209

212 212

......

!:i !:i ~ ~ St.,

Bank

Road,

Road,

Street,

Street,

Street,

Falkirk

Cormo­

Portland

Ayrshire

Crescent,

Ayr

Acre

Royal

Kirkcaldy

Hall,

West

Street,

Canada

Barnett

Beith, Queen's

Wellington

P

Renfield

Loudoun

36

5

Road,

E.

of

22

Kings

Road,

Marischal

Dr., 5

U.S.A.

B.C.,

65

K

Thistle

61

Solicitor,

Pa.,

4203

Secretary

16

Brown,

Dysart

Maple

35,

Whitletts

Niddrie 1

C.A.,

M.P.~..

7

Victoria,

9

7 Dakers,,

Macmillan,

Symington, Annan

56 S.4

C.2

135

Troon

Bee,

M. M.

Bease,

Knox,

Gowans,

Sutherland,

MacDonald,

Grant,

Street,

Macdonald,

Blair,

Gray, E. D.

Isabella

D.

G.

Montgomery

Street,

Glasgow,

Philadelphia,

Edinburgh, Glasgow, Walsall

Edinburgh, rant

Buildings, Mauchline

T.

John Hugh John

Samuel Alex. Walter John Wm. Dr.

Mrs.

Miss K. William

F.R.I.C.

Reid

Grant

Lochhead

A.

Turnbull McArthur

B.Sc.,

Porteous

M.

Thomson

Hill

Harrison

President

McDougall

Keller

P.

B.

Cuthbert

Muir

McCreadie,

M.

Doyle

A. James John D.

N. B. Wm. Robert James

William David John

Wm.

Allan

30 55 39 50

40

90

Clubs

152

160

119 100 190

235

150

29

Members

1920

1920

Fed. 1920 1920

1921 1921 1921 1921

1921 1922

1922 1923 1923

Inst.

1920

1886 1898 1920

1891 1911

1920 1921 1920 1900

1872 1922

1914 1910 1923

- -

-

-

-

Cale-

--

-- --

Poosie

Limited

Club

and

--

Association ---

Club --

--

Club --

Club

Club

Club

Burns

District

Club

Club

Club

North-Eastern

Burns

Burns

Name

Club

Andrew's

Bowling

House

Burns

Burns

Society

Club

St.

Burns

Burns

Burns

Caledonia

Burns

Burns

Burns

Burns Nansie

donian

Troon

Philadelphia Ayr The Sinclairtown

Beith Grahamston Newcraighall The Walsall

Victoria EdinburghAyrshireAssociation Annan Mauchline

274

275

284 282 283 288 292 293

295 296

303 307

309 310

~No.

N

,

East East

Ave., Ave.,

Park, Park,

Lady­

Leith, Leith,

Drive, Drive,

Place, Place,

Edin­

Methil­

Avenue, Avenue,

Park, Park,

Drive, Drive,

Street, Street,

Street, Street,

Road, Road,

Peterhead Peterhead

Kirkland Kirkland

Fourth Fourth

Taunton Taunton

Canada Canada

Winchilsea Winchilsea Langcroft Langcroft

U.S.A. U.S.A.

10 10

White White

Hope Hope

14 14 560 560

Kirkcudbright Kirkcudbright

92 92

Street, Street,

414 414

Fife Fife

6 6

Linhouse Linhouse

York, York,

305 305

Craigmount Craigmount

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Donaldson Donaldson

Secretary Secretary

22 22

Columbia, Columbia,

14 14

Rose Rose

7 7

New New

2 2

Fernlea,, Fernlea,,

6 6

N.Y., N.Y.,

Davidson, Davidson,

Lochore, Lochore,

Cambuslang Cambuslang

Whinnery, Whinnery,

Kennedy, Kennedy,

Henderson, Henderson,

Midlothian Midlothian

16, 16,

Morrison, Morrison,

Elder, Elder,

British British

Troy, Troy, Alexander, Alexander,

12 12

D. D.

Neish, Neish,

R. R.

Cruikshank, Cruikshank,

Leven Leven

A. A.

D. D.

W. W.

Henry Henry

Graham, Graham,

Hammett, Hammett,

M. M.

A. A.

Ballantyne, Ballantyne,

Halfway, Halfway,

Calder, Calder,

hill, hill,

Edinburgh, Edinburgh,

smith, smith,

Buffalo Buffalo

Newark Newark

Ballingry, Ballingry,

burgh, burgh,

North, North,

Mrs. Mrs.

R. R.

David David T. T.

Mungo Mungo C. C.

Robert Robert

W. W.

Mrs. Mrs.

John John

Howard Howard

James James

., .,

. .

T.D T.D

B.Chir. B.Chir.

Wilson Wilson

Potts Potts

Johnstone Johnstone

Letham Letham

Russell Russell

M.B., M.B.,

A. A.

Laird Laird

Pow Pow

C. C.

Hallinan Hallinan

Bennett Bennett

MacMyn, MacMyn,

President President

D. D.

W. W.

W. W.

McCrea McCrea

M. M.

J. J.

Walker Walker

M.A., M.A.,

Mrs. Mrs.

R. R.

James James

W. W.

George George William William

Robert Robert

Mrs. Mrs. lain lain

Neil Neil

D. D.

Douglas Douglas

39 39

80 80

30 30

51 51

60 60

72 72

42 42

75 75

93 93

120 120

160 160

135 135

Members Members

1925 1925

1925 1925

1925 1925

1925 1925

1925 1925

1924 1924

1924 1924

1924 1924

1924 1924

1923 1923

Fed. Fed.

1924 1924

1923 1923 1925

1925 1925 1925 1905 1905

1826 1826

1826 1826

1913 1913

1923 1923

1924 1924

Inst. Inst.

1918 1918

1903 1903

1920 1920

-

-

-

-

-

-

Club Club

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Club Club

Ladies Ladies

Buffalo Buffalo

of of

Club Club

Edinburgh Edinburgh

Caledonian Caledonian

Burns Burns

--

Burns Burns

Club Club

District District

Armour Armour

Beggars Beggars

Burns Burns

Club, Club,

----

----

Society Society

Club Club

District District

Club Club

Name Name

(B.C.) (B.C.)

and and

Burns Burns

Mossgiel Mossgiel

Club Club

Jean Jean

-----

-----

Jolly Jolly

Burns Burns

and and

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

(N.Y.) (N.Y.)

Society Society

Burns Burns

Newton Newton

Oakbank Oakbank

Denbeath Denbeath

Ladysmith Ladysmith

Peterhead Peterhead

Robert Robert

Leith Leith

Bingry Bingry

Newark Newark

Troy Troy Scottish Scottish Kirkcudbright Kirkcudbright

346 346

348 348

345 345 No. No.

344 344

336 336

331 331

341 341

326 326

323 323

320 320

329 329

314 314

'1 '1

...... 280,

Com­

West

Street,

Street,

Boston,

Lochee,

Catrine,

of Terrace,

Kilbirnie

Markinch,

Box Waterloo,

Barrow-in­

Kilmarnock

St., Dr.,

Scott

Street,

Avenue,

Dr.,

Post

View,

Ave.,

Avenue,

John Dryburgh

Durham

Chamber

Terrace,

Napier

South

4

28

U.S.A.

40

Park Loreny

Hill

Boylston

41

Oakland

23

7

9

70

Secretary

Central

Bengal

Rusland

Industry,

24

100

1

Ayrshire

Midlothian

12 c/o

22

Rae,

Cavaye,

Sneddon,

and

Roxburgh,

Strachan,

Shaw,

H. Haddow,

Slater,

Allen,

Y.

McDowall, Armstrong,

Nish,

E.

Massachusetts,

H.

J.

S.

Eccles,

M.

Stanley H.

16., Fife

merce Calcutta

Hamilton

Dundee Furness Mauchline, Liverpool, Baillieston

Portobello, Hartlepool

T. James

William I.

John Maxwell James W.

Hamish J. James Mrs.

Wm.

F.E.I.S.

Strachan

Allen

W.

Jamieson

Reid

Belford,

M.A.,

Rae

Scroggie

Armstrong

President

Fotheringham Steele

Liddle

J.

Andrews

Williamson

Mary

J.

M.

W.

J.

James

T. William T.

Hamilton Alexander

W.

Alex. R.

Mrs. Hugh

Mrs.

Fred.

-

86

60 62

60

40 66 98

156

150

300

Clubs

9

15,500

Members

Fed. 1925 1926

1926

1926 1926

1926 1926

1927 1927

Inst.

1899

1878 1926 1926

1926

1926 1878

1925 1924 1926 1927 1906 1926 1925 1927

-

-

-

- -

-

-

Club

-

Burns

Burns

--

Scottish

Club

Masonic

Society

of

--

-

--- Burns

Club

Club

Club

Burns

Armour

Club

District

Club

----

Club

District

Order

Name

Andrew's

Burns

Jean

Burns

and Club

Burns Association

Burns Rosebery

--

St.

Burns

Bw:ns

Clan,

Howff

Hartlepools

Clans

Burns

Club Clubs'

The Markinch Royal

Calcutta

Burnbank

Barrow Lochee Catrine Edinburgh Liverpool Baillieston Kilbirnie The

No.

349 354 350 355

356

360 363 378 365 366 372

379 377

~ ""'

Rd., Rd.,

Half­

Park­

Place, Place,

Wood Wood

Jerome, Jerome,

Colinton Colinton

Crescent, Crescent,

Crescent, Crescent,

Road, Road,

Commercial Commercial

198 198

Annan Annan

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Springhill Springhill

Victoria Victoria

Park Park

Bayridge, Bayridge,

Mount Mount

Whiteley Whiteley

The The

4 4

Fraserburgh. Fraserburgh.

200 200

539 539

Road, Road,

York, York,

Westwood Westwood

Sutton Sutton

Ltd., Ltd.,

11 11

Gilbertfield Gilbertfield

"Torduff," "Torduff,"

A.C.I.S., A.C.I.S.,

11 11

Cottage, Cottage,

Stirlingshire Stirlingshire

Moat Moat

Hamilton Hamilton

"Glenlea," "Glenlea,"

New New

Dublin Dublin

18 18

Secretary Secretary

72 72

21 21

McCall, McCall,

15 15

Heselwood, Heselwood,

J.P., J.P.,

The The

Anderson, Anderson,

Cross, Cross,

Scotland, Scotland,

Logan, Logan,

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire

Kay, Kay, J.P.,

Sheffield, Sheffield,

Edinburgh, Edinburgh,

Rennie, Rennie,

James, James,

Currie, Currie,

of of

Cambuslang Cambuslang

Brooklyn, Brooklyn,

H. H.

B. B.

Gray, Gray,

McMahon, McMahon,

Millar, Millar,

Jeanie Jeanie

A. A.

G. G.

Alexander Alexander

Campbell Campbell

Harolds Harolds

Road, Road,

Stenhousemuir, Stenhousemuir,

Road, Road,

Laighstonehall, Laighstonehall,

Shotts, Shotts,

Bank Bank

Airdrie Airdrie

way, way,

way, way,

John John

John John

Wm. Wm.

James James

James James

W. W.

Gavin Gavin

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

J.P. J.P.

J.P. J.P.

Wilson Wilson

Neilson Neilson

Thomson Thomson

Swann, Swann,

Magnus Magnus

Cowan Cowan

Grossart Grossart

A. A.

Robertson, Robertson,

Scott Scott

President President

Happle Happle

Davidson Davidson

McAlpine McAlpine

J. J.

Alex. Alex.

Mary Mary

R. R.

James James

D. D.

John John

Adam Adam

Mrs. Mrs.

Wm. Wm.

Provost Provost

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

Wm. Wm.

80 80

70 70

32 32

40 40

50 50

30 30

150 150

850 850

220 220

125 125

Members Members

1929 1929

1929 1929

1929 1929

1928 1928

1928 1928

1928 1928

1928 1928

1927 1927

1927 1927

Fed. Fed.

1929 1929

1907 1907

1822 1822

1928 1928 1928

1831 1831

1928 1928

1920 1920

Inst. Inst. 1925 1925

1927 1927

1924 1924

1927 1927 1927

-

-

-

- -

-

-

of of

Club Club

-

--

-

--

Robert Robert

District District

Beggars Beggars

Sheffield Sheffield

Club Club

Society Society

of of

--

--

---

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Club Club

Jolly Jolly

and and

York York

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Name Name

Society Society

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

New New

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Benevolent Benevolent

Earnock Earnock

Ladies' Ladies'

Andrew Andrew

Campbell Campbell

Ladies' Ladies'

St. St.

Plough Plough

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

(Cambuslang) (Cambuslang)

Stenhousemuir Stenhousemuir

Annan Annan

Colinton Colinton

Caledonian Caledonian

Meikle Meikle

Fraserburgh Fraserburgh

Dublin Dublin Whifllet Whifllet

Kyle Kyle

Greater Greater

Mary Mary

No. No.

409 409

393 393

405 405

398 398

390 390

392 392

388 388

403 403

381 381 406 406

387 387

1,/1 1,/1

'l 'l ,_ ,_ Road,

Road,

U.S.A.

Street, Street,

Kearny

Avenue,

Eversley

Crescent,

333

14

Alverthorpe,

Winchburgh,

Bristol

Ayr

Furness

210,

Knowe

California,

66

Arrochar

Manchester

Hamilton

in

Mansfield

8,

Aldermanhill

Millgate,

30

48

163a

Room

52

Barley

'Highfield,"

Woodleigh,

Kirkport,

Secretary

Barrow

165

1

Swansea

52 Warriner,

Ker,

Bell,

Francisco,

Schoolhouse,

Midlothian

M.

Lyons,

Alloa

Miller, Wright,

Island,

San

Thomson,

Sketty,

Lothian

K.

W.

Paterson,

Thomson,

Duncan, Sutherland,

Small,

Margt.

Elizabeth

Freda

G.

L.

Street,

Burnley

Sauchie, Greenock Arniston, Dumfries Wakefield West Road,

Walney

Amos

Mrs.

William Hamilton Alex. Alex. Adam Mrs. W. Alexr. Mrs. C.

J.P.

Doyle

McEwen

Simpson

Spence

Fletcher

French

Baxter

C.

President

Sutherland

Aitken

Black

Callander Elizabeth

MacCrorie,

J.

Wright

A.

Meader H.

Andrew Joseph Sam John James

Henry

Mrs. Dr. D. Miss

80 70

24 50

63

145

100

150 130 150 100

Members

1929

Fed.

1929 1930 1930

1930 1929 1930 1930

Inst.

1863 1929

1924

1929 1929 1929 1929 1928 1929

1887 1921 1931 1930 1930 1928 1906

- - -

San

Club

Club

Club

Cale-

Burns

--

Ladies'

Club

of

Scottish

Burns

Caledonian

Burns

Burns

---

---

--

Wales

Burns

Rig

Club

Club

Beggars

----

---- District

Society

----

Tarbet Glencairn West

Lea

Name

District

Shanter

Society

Ladies'

and

Burns and o'

Jolly

and

-- -- Burns

and

burgh

Andrew

Tam

Francisco Society

donian Society Club

Club

St.

Sauchie Ayr Winch Arrochar Gorebridge

Burnley Gourock Walney Swansea Barnsley

Dumfries

413

421 435 432 417 427 426 436 430 439

444

437

~No.

°'

Earl Earl

Road, Road,

Park, Park,

Road, Road,

Elgin Elgin

Street, Street,

Halfway, Halfway,

Crescent, Crescent,

Greenock Greenock

Allegheny Allegheny

Beechwood Beechwood

Cheltenham Cheltenham

Street, Street,

Castle Castle

St., St.,

Elms Elms

Street, Street,

High High

37 37

Allan Allan

Road, Road,

Sq., Sq.,

West West

Monmouth Monmouth

25 25

U.S.A. U.S.A.

30 30

High High

Grant Grant

Mill Mill

Carden Carden

Three Three

33, 33,

Brisbane Brisbane

Canada Canada

796 796

1238 1238

6 6

Imperial Imperial

134 134

50 50

Hamilton, Hamilton,

278 278

4 4

104 104

Secretary Secretary

Fergus, Fergus,

Denny Denny

Dunard, Dunard,

Fife Fife

by by

A. A.

Porte, Porte,

Ontario, Ontario,

Leicester Leicester

Herd, Herd,

Edmonston, Edmonston,

Hunter, Hunter,

Saunders, Saunders,

Young, Young,

R. R.

Easton, Easton,

Christie, Christie,

Laing, Laing,

Rotherham Rotherham

Philadelphia, Philadelphia,

J. J.

F. F.

G. G.

Janet Janet

Wallace, Wallace,

McCormick McCormick

John John

E. E.

Windsor, Windsor,

Cambuslang Cambuslang

Dunipace, Dunipace,

Shinton, Shinton,

Stonehaven Stonehaven

Road, Road,

Ave., Ave.,

Cardenden, Cardenden,

Hereford Hereford

John John

William William

Thomas Thomas Mrs. Mrs. G. G.

Edgar Edgar Walter Walter

Mrs. Mrs.

Wm. Wm.

Elizabeth Elizabeth

Mrs. Mrs.

George George

Campbell Campbell

Anderson Anderson

Archibald Archibald

Herd Herd

Carnegie Carnegie

L. L.

Maclean Maclean

Bryson Bryson

McLellan McLellan

E. E.

Graham Graham

Low Low

Margaret Margaret

D. D.

President President

James James

Roy Roy

Scrimgeour Scrimgeour

Inglis Inglis

John John

Roderick Roderick

Thomas Thomas James James

Archibald Archibald

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

A. A.

Dr. Dr.

Mrs. Mrs.

J. J.

50 50

40 40

20 20

78 78

140 140

185 185

200 200

400 400

188 188

300 300

Clubs Clubs

7 7

Members Members

......

1933 1933

1932 1932

1932 1932 1932 1932

1932 1932

1932 1932

1931 1931

1931 1931

1931 1931

Fed. Fed.

1932 1932

1929 1929

1923 1923 1932 1932

1932 1932

1930 1930 1877 1877 1932

1926 1926 1932

1924 1924

1927 1927 1931

1929 1929

Inst. Inst.

1910 1910

-

-

- -

- -

-

-

of of

of of

Jean Jean

Mary Mary

Burns Burns

--

Aux. Aux.

Scottish Scottish

Club Club

Society Society Society Society

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

--

---

---

Club Club

Club Club

Bonnie Bonnie

Association Association

Ladies' Ladies'

Burns Burns

District District

Highland Highland

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Scottish Scottish

Name Name

Burns Burns

and and

Burns Burns

Clubs Clubs

Club Club

Caledonian Caledonian

-----

Cities Cities

Cross Cross

Giles' Giles'

Burns Burns

Ladies' Ladies'

Club Club

Association Association

Philadephia Philadephia

Burns Burns

Border Border Renfrewshire Renfrewshire St. St.

Denny Denny

Gilbertfteld Gilbertfteld

Leicester Leicester Cheltenham Cheltenham

Stonehaven Stonehaven (Fatherland)

Rotherham Rotherham

North-Eastern North-Eastern

Auchterderran Auchterderran

Herefordshire Herefordshire

470 470

476 476 472 472

469 469

467 467

462 462 461 461

No. No.

458 458

454 454

453 453

452 452

446 446

"-1 "-1

"-1 "-1 ,_. ,_. 4,

of

Way,

Road, Drive,

Street,

Drive,

Flint,

Grange­

Ontario,

Dumfries

Bank

Motherwell

Wellington,

Grange

Grangemouth

Galt,

Street, Imperial

Westcroft

Road,

Rd.,

Vennel,

22 Glenafton

1049,

2305-20th

12

U.S.A.

116

51

I.C.I.

Sloan

Box Earl's

Commercial

Friars Avenue,

Airbles

Ohio,

More,

Secretary

52

c/o

Dunblane 2617

56 B.Sc.,

P.O.

Penman, Rich

14,

Club,

U.S.A.

Kinninmonth, 43

Ltd.,

Middx.

Lamont,

Cuthbertson.,

Fife

Plumb,

F.

Clark,

Coulson,

Akron Graham,

Halkett,

Zealand

Cumnock, Ayrshire

P.

Alexander

A.

Thomas Davidson,

B.

M.

M.

M.

Kelty,

Harrow,

S.W.

Burntisland

New Mccann,

Michigan, New Canada

Scotland, Recreation

mouth

Mrs.

Mrs. Wm.

Mrs.

Geoffrey

Andrew Miss

Jos.

Allan J.

Arch. I.

W.

Dewar

Archibald

McGuinness

Reid

Johnston

Fraser

McHale

F.

Miller

Wilson

G.

F.

President

A.

Milne

N.

E.

John

W.

E.

Mrs.

Mrs.

Lt.-Col.

Mrs.

James

A.

William

Alexander James

Dr.

30

20

80

55

96

54

130

964

130

300

Members

1933

Fed. 1933

1934

1934

1934 1934

1934

1934

1935

1935

Inst.

1933

1932

1928

1934 1934

1931

1934

1934

1923

1923 1935

1935

-

-

-

-

-

Club

Burns

(Well-

Club

Ladies'

Services

Club

Caledonian

---

--

---

---

Burns

Club

Burns

South

Ladies'

Club

Burns

----

Cronies

United

Name

Club

District Burns

the

Club

N.Z.)

Hoose Club

Club

Burns

Doon -----

of

and

Burns

Burns

Grangemouth Cumnock

Auld

Burns

Burns Club Society

Andrew

Burns

ington,

Bonnie Queen

Harrow Akron

Motherwell

The

St.

Flint New

Galt Dunblane

I.C.I.

No.

478

479

493 492

494

496

497

498 500

501 503

510

:::i co

Bed-

Road, Road,

Road, Road,

R.R.l, R.R.l,

Mount Mount

Sydney, Sydney,

Avenue, Avenue,

Dumfries Dumfries

Allanton, Allanton,

Crescent, Crescent,

Riggs, Riggs,

Grove Grove

Road, Road,

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Avenue, Avenue,

Austin Austin

Street, Street,

Road, Road,

West West

Venne!, Venne!,

Australia Australia

8 8

Woodridge Woodridge

Neff Neff

3rd 3rd

Woodlands Woodlands

Ohio, Ohio,

Fort Fort

Friars Friars

89 89

101 101

Wilson Wilson

21, 21,

"Braemar," "Braemar,"

George George

3800 3800

9271 9271

U.S.A. U.S.A.

52 52

Secretary Secretary

Western Western

238 238

75 75

"Lynton," "Lynton,"

Plymouth Plymouth

Hgts., Hgts.,

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire

145A 145A

Downie, Downie,

Morton, Morton,

Northumberland Northumberland

Australia Australia

Perth, Perth,

Hurry, Hurry,

McGhie, McGhie,

Weir, Weir,

McColl, McColl,

Coulson, Coulson,

McRae, McRae,

Michigan, Michigan,

R. R.

C. C.

Welton, Welton,

M. M.

M. M.

Jessie Jessie

Isobel Isobel

Long, Long,

G. G.

G. G.

R. R.

Crownhill, Crownhill,

lington, lington,

Shotts Shotts

Loughborough Loughborough

N.S.W., N.S.W.,

Clio, Clio,

Bothwell, Bothwell,

Cleveland Cleveland

Lawley, Lawley,

J. J.

A. A.

John John

Mrs. Mrs.

John John

Mrs. Mrs.

w. w.

Mrs. Mrs.

w. w.

Mrs. Mrs.

J.P. J.P.

C.A. C.A.

Marshall Marshall

(1954-55) (1954-55)

Macintosh Macintosh

(1955-56) (1955-56)

(1956-57) (1956-57)

C. C.

Smith Smith

J. J.

D. D.

Keenan Keenan

Dunsire Dunsire

Lawson, Lawson,

McKerrow, McKerrow,

McNiven McNiven

President President

C. C.

V. V.

Hunter Hunter

G. G.

M. M.

Mitchell Mitchell

R R

Simpson Simpson

Wintour Wintour

James James

Col. Col.

D. D.

Duncan Duncan

David David

H. H.

J. J.

C. C.

Mrs. Mrs.

W. W.

A. A.

C. C.

62 62

24 24

22 22

50 50

10 10

130 130

104 104

Clubs Clubs

1100 1100

19 19

Members Members

1937 1937

1937 1937

1937 1937

1937 1937

1937 1937

1937 1937

1936 1936

1936 1936

1935 1935

Fed. Fed.

1934 1934

1927 1927

1937 1937

1930 1930

1935 1935

1935 1935

1877 1877 1936

1935 1935

1935 1935

Inst. Inst.

1935 1935

-

-

-

-

-

-

Club Club

Cale-

Burns Burns

South South

-

-

Burns Burns

-

Burns Burns

-

Assoc. Assoc.

-

Ladies' Ladies'

Shanter Shanter

Counties Counties

Ohio) Ohio)

New New

-

-

Burns Burns

---

---

-

-

o' o'

of of

District District

District District

Masonic Masonic

Scottish Scottish

-

-

Lochlie Lochlie

-

Australia) Australia)

Tam Tam

and and

Scottish Scottish

Name Name

and and

Society Society

Beggars Beggars

Association Association

Club Club

Club Club

Society Society

-

(Cleveland, (Cleveland,

-

Cronies Cronies

(West (West

Jolly Jolly

donian donian

Burns Burns

Club Club

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Wales Wales

Club Club

Club Club

Auld Auld

Southern Southern

Plymouth Plymouth

Bedlington Bedlington

Dykehead Dykehead

Loughborough Loughborough

Flint Flint

Uddingston Uddingston

Highland Highland

Perth Perth

Ye Ye

535 535 No. No.

530 530

534 534

526 526

528 528

525 525

520 520

523 523

511 511

518 518

"" ""

"" "" ...... 4

of

St.

Road,

35

Street,

Street,

Castle

Circle, Street,

Crescent, Bridge Bothwell,

Doncaster,

Road,

St.,

Oaks," A.C.W.A.,

George

Way,

Virginia Dundas

Raleigh

U.S.A.

Ave.,

58

Kier

Leamington

Norwich

870

21

"Light

171

Newbridge

Ernespie

W.S.,

Bryde's

A.C.I.S.,

211

Canada

1

Georgia,

46 Secretary

Lonsdale

Eaton,

St.

Harrogate

Yorkshire

6,

"Fedra,"

1

105

Hastings,

Sturrock,

Mitchell,

Miller,

Linn,

Ontario,

Close,

Road,

Alexander, C.

M.

Stoddart,

MacFarlane,

S.

S. W.

Atlanta,

Scott, S.

Henderson,

Gourlay,

S.

O'Hara,

C.

J.

J.

G.

G.

Whithorn

Allan

Lanarkshire

Scarborough, Wolverhampton

Hilda's

Yorks. N.E.

Coventry

London, Douglas

Queen's

A. R.

Mrs.

James

R. Norman

A.

Mrs.

Robert Eldon John

John

M.P.

Haugh

Burns

McDonald

P.

Mackie,

Compton

A.

Mcintosh

Crawford

President A.

H.

Gourlay

Mary Cain

Hunter Cockburn

W.

R.

J.

Raeside

Scott

John

A.

Mrs.

Stanley T.

Alexander Alec

Mrs. John Harry M.

Mrs.

30 95

30

70

89

150

250

203 250

425

322

Members

1937 Fed.

1938

1938

1938

1938

1939

1939

1939

Inst.

1937

1935 1938

1937

1934

1938 1921 1938

1883 1938

1937 1911 1938

1938 1930 1934

-

-

- -

Socy.

Burns

-

--

--

Ladies' Club

Society

District

Atlanta,

Club

Doncaster

Society of

Caledonian Club ---

of

and

Burns

Lesley

District

Burns

Society

Club

Dist.

------

Andrew's

Caledonian

Burns

Name

Socy.

and

Club

St.

Bonnie and

-----

Caledonian

(Ontario)

Burns

Douglas

Club Burns

Caledonian

Society Georgia

Whithorn

Abbey Craig

Bothwell

Wolverhampton Scarborough

Caledonian Ladies' Harrogate

Coventry

London Castle

Norfolk

No.

536

543 549

551 553

556 557

555

559

561 562 563

:;;; 0

E, E,

St., St.,

West West

Half-

Med-

Ashgill, Ashgill,

Sand Sand

Athol," Athol,"

N.S.W., N.S.W.,

Avenue, Avenue,

35 35

Ochiltree, Ochiltree,

Road, Road,

Rd., Rd., Madeira Madeira

Chester Chester

Drive, Drive,

Bathgate, Bathgate, "Blair "Blair

19 19

Cres., Cres.,

Heights, Heights,

Millport Millport

Middlesex Middlesex

Benachie, Benachie,

Arthur Arthur

Canada Canada

Street, Street,

14006-106th 14006-106th

Elbar, Elbar,

Young, Young,

Gilbertfield Gilbertfield

Dover Dover

Douglas Douglas

Broom Broom

2437 2437

Standhill, Standhill,

21 21

Secretary Secretary

49 49

12 12

Wembley, Wembley,

19 19

Alberta, Alberta,

Thomson, Thomson,

House, House, Bank

Newgate Newgate

Street, Street,

Ontario, Canada Canada Ontario,

Tough, Tough,

18 18

McMurray McMurray

Rennie, Rennie,

Spiers, Spiers,

McCulloch, McCulloch,

Hendry, Hendry,

Cambuslang Cambuslang

Logan, Logan,

Gardens, Gardens,

Cunningham, Cunningham,

Welch, Welch,

M. M.

M. M.

Lea, Lea,

Bella Bella

George George

G. G.

E. E.

Campbell Campbell

S. S.

Lothian Lothian way, way,

Larkhall Larkhall

Greenock Greenock

Windsor, Windsor,

Edmonton, Edmonton,

19 19 way way

Australia Australia

Ayrshire Ayrshire

John John

James James

Mrs. Mrs.

George George

R. R.

Mrs. Mrs.

T. T.

Duncan Duncan

D. D.

Miss Miss

John John

B.Sc. B.Sc.

D.D. D.D.

Forsyth Forsyth

Moffett, Moffett,

sen. sen.

M.A.,C.A. M.A.,C.A.

Gillespie Gillespie

Hamilton, Hamilton,

Humphries Humphries

Tait Tait

H. H.

Stewart Stewart

Smith Smith

C. C.

Chalmers., Chalmers.,

Johnstone Johnstone

Clark, Clark,

President President

Marian Marian

Joseph Joseph

James James

R. R.

Ian Ian

Thomas Thomas

Robert Robert

Donald Donald

Adam Adam

Mrs. Mrs.

W. W.

Hamish Hamish

Rev. Rev.

Alex. Alex.

Peter Peter

80 80

30 30

47 47

34 34

25 25

Clubs Clubs

100 100

120 120

100 100

1050 1050

30 30

Members Members

1942 1942

1942 1942

1942 1942

1940 1940

1940 1940

1940 1940

1939 1939

1939 1939

1939 1939

1939 1939

1939 1939

Fed. Fed.

1896 1896

1940 1940

1924 1924

1939 1939

1934 1934

1939 1939

1884 1884

1918 1918

1898 1898

Inst. Inst.

1939 1939

1939 1939

-

-

-

-

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

--

--

-

-

-

Burns Burns

--

--

--

Armour Armour

Club Club

of of

-

Club Club

Association Association

-

-

Association Association

and and

Jean Jean

Shanter Shanter

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

o' o'

----

Ltd. Ltd.

-

--

Assoc. Assoc.

Clydesdale Clydesdale

Burns Burns

Clans Clans

Australia Australia

Name Name

Burns Burns

Club Club

Burns Burns

Society Society

Tam Tam

Willie Willie

-

-

(Ontario) (Ontario)

of of

and and

Caledonian Caledonian

London, London,

Matilda Matilda

Scottish Scottish

Club Club

Clubs Clubs

Burns Burns Club Club

of of

Club Club

Cumbrae Cumbrae

Bathgate Bathgate

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire

Dalserf Dalserf

Fort Fort

Edmonton Edmonton

Windsor Windsor

Chester Chester

The The

Scottish Scottish

Winsome Winsome

580 580

579 579

578 578

577 577

No. No.

576 576

575 575

571 571

572 572

570 570

566 566

564 564

00 00

...... ,

..

Rd Dal­

Park,

Cres.,

Road,

Corby,

Forth,

U.S.A.

Corby,

Avenue,

Crescent,

Landheads,

Road,,

Station

King's

Road,

Ohio,

Road, Road,

Cumbernauld

Argonne

21,

Roughlands

Holland

5

Springboig

Glebe

Avenue,

1212

Manse

Dalcairney

34

Annandale

c/o

61

Baronhill, "Mossneuk," Secretary

9

21

17

"Auchlewan,"

Cleveland, West

Cumnock

Falkirk

Dow,

15

Ayr

2

Midcroft

S.4

E.2

W.

78

Simpson,

Ayrshire Euclid,

Gibbs, Brown,

Millar, McKinlay,

Douglas,

Seymour,

McKenzie,

Hyde,

Williamson,

J.

Luke, A.

Carronshire, Northants C.

Glasgow,

Glasgow,

Annan

mellington,

Beith,

South

Dumbrochan,

Lanark Northants

Daniel

William J. James

John

O. Robert

T.

Archibald Adam James

F.

J.P.

M.A.

Philp, Campbell

Stewart

Wilkie

Montgomery, Jenkins

J.

F.

Robb

Hill

President

McKechnie

McShane

J.

McGregor

T.

Ross

Thomas

George

Wm.

Rev.

Andrew Ian James John

James Robert

Robert

Wm.

50

30

24

65 45

80

60

91

30 25

24

150

Members

Fed.

1943

1943 1943

1943

1944 1944

1944

1944

1945

Inst.

1943 1943

1942

1942 1930

1943

1921 1941

1944

1934 1944

1944

1944 1944

1944

-

-

-

-

-

-

Club

Club

Burns

Burns

--

Burns

-

-

Ohio

Cuyahoga

---

Club Dist. -

---

--

---

Burns

Circle

Club

of

Club

Bowling

Club

Beggars

and

Club Club

Springboig

Burns

Burns

Name

Burns

Club Cleveland,

Beggars

Burns

Park

Jolly

Burns --

--

-- and

Burns

Burns

Jolly

Burns

Club

Clarinda

Club

Club County,

Cumbernauld

Higginsneuk

Corby Queen's

Budhill

Solway Benwhat

Barrmill The

Glaisnock

Forth

Rockingham

No.

581

582 584 585

587

589 592

593

594

596

598

606

:;;; N

Ltd., Ltd.,

Mar-

Ohan Ohan

Road, Road,

Coals-

Joppa, Joppa,

Street, Street,

, ,

House, House,

.. ..

50 50

Nicolas," Nicolas,"

Sanquhar Sanquhar

St St

Lambhill, Lambhill,

Crowthorne Crowthorne

Bank Bank

Quad., Quad.,

"St. "St.

Aviation, Aviation,

Terrace, Terrace,

Place, Place,

House, House,

Farm, Farm,

Marshall Marshall

George George

Kilwinning Kilwinning

Glenaylmer Glenaylmer

Gayne, Gayne,

3 3

11 11

Kinross Kinross

Prestwick Prestwick

School School

South South

Scottish Scottish

Berks. Berks.

Gallowhill Gallowhill

Clydesdale Clydesdale

Campbell, Campbell,

1 1

4 4

Glendyne Glendyne

Secretary Secretary

Moffat Moffat

Devisdale Devisdale

Lochfauld Lochfauld

White White

Corsehill, Corsehill,

77 77

Altrincham Altrincham

24 24

H. H.

Solicitor, Solicitor,

Kirkconnel Kirkconnel

92 92

Airport, Airport,

Buchanan, Buchanan,

N.W. N.W.

Fowler, Fowler,

Ayr Ayr

Road, Road,

Cook, Cook,

G. G.

Jarvie, Jarvie,

Road, Road,

hie hie

J. J.

M. M.

McClanachan, McClanachan,

Jordan, Jordan,

Bracknell, Bracknell,

McTavish, McTavish,

Fawcett, Fawcett,

C. C.

Peden, Peden,

Lochhead, Lochhead,

H. H.

M. M.

Young, Young,

Paterson, Paterson,

C. C.

K. K.

B. B.

H. H.

C. C.

Thomson, Thomson,

naughton naughton

Locker Locker

Grangemouth Grangemouth

Ballplay Ballplay

Coylton, Coylton,

Prestwick Prestwick

garet's garet's

Road, Road, Glasgow, Glasgow,

Kelloholm, Kelloholm,

Alex. Alex.

A. A.

John John

Mrs. Mrs.

A. A.

D.R. D.R. Thomas Thomas

Wm. Wm.

Richard Richard

F. F.

T. T.

C. C.

William William

Fred Fred

M.A. M.A.

Fingland Fingland

Thomson Thomson

Fleming Fleming

G. G.

Black Black

McDonald McDonald

G. G.

Ferguson Ferguson

Dickie Dickie

Parker Parker

A. A.

Smith, Smith,

Phoenix Phoenix

Hodge Hodge

President President

Kerr Kerr

Gibson Gibson

Mackie Mackie

G. G.

D. D.

D. D.

John John

James James

Donald Donald John John

James James

Robert Robert David David

Alexander Alexander

D. D.

Bailie Bailie

R. R.

R. R.

William William

Alex. Alex.

50 50

50 50

70 70

96 96

91 91

35 35

45 45

50 50

80 80

100 100

150 150

200 200

285 285

Members Members

1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946 1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946

1946 1946

1945 1945

1946 1946

1945 1945

1945 1945

Fed. Fed.

1945 1945

1945 1945

1889 1889

1945 1945

1946 1946

1945 1945

1946 1946

1946 1946

1906 1906

1942 1942

Inst. Inst.

1945 1945

1917 1917

1928 1928

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

and and

Club Club

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

-

-

-

-

-

Club Club

Club Club

Club Club

Caledonian Caledonian

Caledonian Caledonian

Social Social

Burns Burns

--

--

--

Club Club

Burns Burns

Club Club

Club Club

Beggars Beggars

Club Club

Burns Burns

Sale Sale

Burns Burns

Sanquhar Sanquhar

Ohan Ohan

-

---

---

Dist. Dist.

of of

Name Name

District District

Burns Burns

and and

and and

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Masonic Masonic

Club• Club•

Jolly Jolly

and and

-

Burns Burns

-

Aviation Aviation

and and

Club Club

Muirhead Muirhead

Club Club

Society Society

Association Association

Burns Burns

Club Club

Sanquhar Sanquhar

Coalsnaughton Coalsnaughton

Scottish Scottish

Coylton Coylton

Burns Burns

Kilwinning Kilwinning

The The

Kinross Kinross

Moffat Moffat

Lockerbie Lockerbie

Reading Reading

Torrance Torrance

Altrincham Altrincham

Kirkconnel Kirkconnel

No. No.

630 630

629 629

621 621

625 625

624 624

623 623

627 627

622 622

626 626

620 620

617 617

612 612

618 618

616 616

......

00 00 ...... 153

Place,

Street,

Larkhall,

Rosewell.

Clarkston,

Kennoway,

Alva

Pencaitland,

I.S.M.,

Kilsyth

Dr.,

Dr.,

Cuthbert

Sheehan

Avenue,

Crescent,

View,

21

Flats,

112

Braehead,

M.S.M.,

Lothian

23

Rutherglen

Kinmount

Park Zealand

Secretary

Firbank

27

19

6 6

Wood,

Kingston

Prestonhall

New

Road,

Anderson,

5

Wilson,

47

R.

McMillan,

Voy,

S.

Neville,

Craig,

Lothian

A. Jean

Wishart,

G.

S.

Fisher,

Brown,

Fife East Glasgow Kilmarnock Gisborne, Lanarkshire Hamilton Midlothian

Henry

Joseph

Mrs. Robert Mrs.

A. R. Alex. Mrs. R.

B.D.

M.A.

Smart,

R.

D.F.C.,

Anderson

Turbitt

McNaught

Fox Francis

Inglis

President

B.

Wm.

R.

Hugh

James W. George

Thomas

Wm.

Rev.

36

54

95 40 42

110

104

Members

1947

1947

1947 1947 1946 1947 1947

Fed.

Inst. 1941 1946 1946

1941 1946 1935 1945 1946 1938 1946 1946 1946

1946

- -

New

Alva

Club

Burns Burns Burns

-

--

Teachers'

Burns

---

------

Devon

Club,

Club

Club

Beggars

Cronies Club

Ormiston

----

Name

Burns

and

Burns

Jolly

Burns

Club Winding

Club

Ex-Service

Burns

Kilsyth

------

Applebank

Bridge

Clear

Burns

Club, Burns

Zealand

Club Club

Carron

Rutherglen Gisborne Rosewell Kennoway

Pencaitland Larkhall Glasgow Symington

The

No.

648

636 642 641 655 632 653 637

646

""631

:ii:

Skye, Skye,

Thorn-

Street, Street,

Sauchie, Sauchie,

Terrace, Terrace,

Kilbride, Kilbride,

Gardens, Gardens,

Crescent, Crescent,

Langholm Langholm

Chambers, Chambers,

Coatbridge Coatbridge

Bournemouth Bournemouth

Learn Learn

West West

Kyleakin, Kyleakin,

Terrace, Terrace,

Cot., Cot.,

Ave. Ave.

Church Church

Street, Street,

Denfield Denfield

119 119

4 4

Pier, Pier,

Beechwood, Beechwood,

35 35

Auchenroy Auchenroy

Grand Grand

Warbla Warbla

11 11

2 2

Dundee Dundee

23 23

The The

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Hawthorn Hawthorn

Secretary Secretary

"Morven," "Morven,"

Mitchell Mitchell

Southbourne, Southbourne,

7 7

Small, Small,

Spa Spa

Fife Fife

6n 6n

Irving, Irving,

Ferry, Ferry,

Murdoch, Murdoch,

"Rosethene," "Rosethene,"

M. M.

Soper, Soper,

Young, Young,

Ave., Ave.,

Bruce, Bruce,

Dawson, Dawson,

W. W.

Ross-shire Ross-shire

R. R.

Fife Fife

Colville, Colville,

L. L.

G. G.

E. E.

Saunderson, Saunderson,

R. R.

James James

E. E.

Gilmour, Gilmour,

Kellass, Kellass,

P. P.

Kyle, Kyle,

ton, ton,

Dalmellington, Dalmellington,

Alloa Alloa

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Grand Grand

Leamington Leamington

Broughty Broughty

Cardenden, Cardenden,

M. M.

James James

D. D.

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

Norman Norman

T. T.

Mrs. Mrs.

A. A.

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

J.P. J.P.

Barnett, Barnett,

Ewart Ewart

Small Small

Stein Stein

H. H.

A. A.

President President

Kinnear Kinnear

E. E.

I. I. I.

Douglas-Hamilton Douglas-Hamilton

Niven Niven

A. A.

Blinton Blinton

c. c.

John John

T. T.

Miss Miss

Robert Robert

W. W.

Miss Miss

Douglas Douglas

50 50

30 30

65 65

38 38

45 45

175 175

246 246

107 107

Members Members

1948 1948

1948 1948

1948 1948

1948 1948

1947 1947

1947 1947

1947 1947

1947 1947

1947 1947

Fed. Fed.

1948 1948

1948 1948

1902 1902

1948 1948 1948

1948 1948

1947 1947

1907 1907

1947 1947

1947 1947

Inst. Inst.

1896 1896

1947 1947 1947

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

-

-

o' o'

Club Club

Club, Club,

Cale-

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

-

-

Club Club

-

Club Club

Ladies' Ladies'

Tam Tam

--

Burns Burns Burns Burns

--

-

--

--

Guard Guard

Club Club

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

District District

Ladies' Ladies'

Cale- Warwick

Armour Armour

District District

Society Society

-

---

Skye Skye

-

and and

Burns Burns

and and

Name Name

Home Home

of of

Society Society

Jean Jean

Doon Doon

Kilbride Kilbride

and and

Ladies' Ladies'

Ladies' Ladies'

Club Club

-

-

-

Society Society

Burns Burns

Isle Isle

of of

West West

Skye Skye

Shanter Shanter

Club Club

donian donian

Club Club

Burns Burns

donian donian

Strath, Strath,

Coatbridge Coatbridge

Thornton Thornton

Gartmorn Gartmorn

Valley Valley

The The

Langholm Langholm

Dundonald Dundonald

Dundee Dundee

Leamington Leamington

Bournemouth Bournemouth

No. No.

670 670

667 667

669 669

665 665

666 666

664 664

660 660

656 656

661 661

659 659

663 663

V1 V1

00 00

...... 2! 2! Kil-

696,

Road,

South,

Carden-

Crescent,

Banchory

Box,

Kirkcaldy

Tullibody,

Rd.

Kilwinning

Avenue, St.,

Park,

St.,

Canada

Albany

P.O.

View,

Ave.,

Ardrossan

97

16

High

B.C.,

Links

Warwick

Cluny

Randolph

Club,

Todhill

74

Kilrig

South

Road,

71

20

151

94

53

12

Secretary

Island,

Burns

Somerville,

Stanley

Stewart,

Anderson,

burn

Wishart,

33

M.

Rupert

McDill,

Laithwaite,,

G.

Mathieson,

Milligan,

Fife

Davidson,

E.

R.

M.

Ella

M.

W.

Secretary.

Davis,

den,

Firswood, Manchester,

Stratford-on-Avon Clackmannanshire Bannock

Prince

marnock

John

Mrs.

Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

The John

Thomas Mrs. Alexander

T.

Ph.D.

Anderson

Culbert

Kirk

Millar

Morton

D.

McCubbin

Philp,

Wardrope

Gordon

President

McClumpha

W.

T.

James

Dr.

William

Mrs. James

William

Thos. John Chas.

Alexander

22

30

32

so

40

135

280 100

120

120

Members

1949

1948

1948 Fed. 1948

1949 1948 1948 1948

1949

1948

Inst.

1947

1890

1947

1948 1948

1936 1947

1946

1947

1939

1948

1949

-

-

-

Kil-

Club

Dist.

Cale-

Mary

Burns

Burns

--

--

--

Ladies'

and

Club

Club,

Saltcoats

Social

---

---

---

--

Salford

Nansie

CaDlbus

Cronies

and

Highland

Society

Bums

Club

Club,

----

Bums

and

Name

and

Association

Club

Club

Poosie

--

--

Burns

Burns

Rupert

Cronies

Andrew's

donian

Burns

Club

Caledonian

Bums

marnock

Club

St.

Manchester

Tullibody

Thistle Auchterderran The

Stratford-upon-Avon Prince

Pirnhall

BanchoryBurns

Kirkcaldy

No.

674

671

689 680 679 681

673

683

686

690

688

:;;;

°'

Rd., Rd.,

Road, Road,

Canal Canal

Baillie's Baillie's

Whitley Whitley

Cottage, Cottage,

Cottage, Cottage,

Prospect­

Dearborn, Dearborn,

Barrington Barrington

7 7 Albert Albert

Scunthorpe. Scunthorpe.

Rd., Rd.,

35 35

Cottage, Cottage,

Ave., Ave.,

Dunbartonshire Dunbartonshire

Balmellie Balmellie

Northumberland Northumberland

House House

Row, Row,

"Jubilee," "Jubilee,"

Avenue, Avenue,

Paterson, Paterson,

Sta., Sta.,

Delaval Delaval

Curtis Curtis

Balnain Balnain

Badshalloch Badshalloch

Park Park

8 8

Worcs. Worcs.

Silsworth, Silsworth,

c/o c/o

Wayside, Wayside,

Middle Middle

Secretary Secretary

4700 4700

Peveril Peveril

Alexandria, Alexandria,

Greenock Greenock

Hamilton Hamilton

14 14

McQuater, McQuater,

65 65

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Gent, Gent,

Bedlington Bedlington

Porter, Porter,

Malvern, Malvern,

M. M.

Y. Y.

Applebey, Applebey,

Lawson, Lawson,

Thomson, Thomson,

MacKenzie, MacKenzie,

Ferguson, Ferguson, Inverness Inverness

Dickey, Dickey,

Street, Street,

Hay, Hay,

A. A.

Burns, Burns,

G. G.

R. R.

M. M.

R. R.

J, J,

North, North,

D. D.

Lines. Lines.

hill hill

Michigan, Michigan,

Causeway, Causeway,

Turriff Turriff

Colliery, Colliery,

Bay Bay

Gartocharn, Gartocharn,

Kirkcudbright Kirkcudbright

Road, Road,

Mrs. Mrs.

J. J.

Sam Sam

Quintin Quintin

William William

John John

Wm. Wm.

Mrs. Mrs.

William William

W. W.

Colin Colin

Lindley Lindley

Noble Noble

Philip Philip

McAteer McAteer

Rankine Rankine

McNiven McNiven

S. S.

C. C.

Whysler Whysler

S. S.

Moody Moody

C. C.

K. K.

Taylor Taylor

A. A.

President President

Hamilton Hamilton

E. E.

McKie McKie

A. A.

Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs.

Kenneth Kenneth

W. W.

Malcolm Malcolm William William

David David

Colvin Colvin

R. R.

John John

W. W.

20 20

90 90

40 40 91 91

58 58

70 70

60 60

99 99

85 85

130 130

267 267

Members Members

1949 1949

1949 1949

1949 1949

1949 1949

1949 1949

1949 1949

Fed. Fed.

1945 1945

1927 1927

1945 1945 1945

1912 1912 1949

1946 1946 1949

1948 1948 1949

1920 1920

1930 1930

1949 1949

Inst. Inst.

1949 1949

1949 1949 1949

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(Dun-

-

-

-

- Club Club

Society Society

Masonic Masonic

Society Society

Kirkcud-

-

Club Club

Club Club Club Club

-

-

-

-

Dist. Dist.

Burns Burns

Club Club

Scots Scots

Club Club

Club, Club,

Club Club

-

and and

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Burns Burns

Foundry Foundry

Name Name

Jubilee Jubilee

Scots Scots Burns Burns

Andrew Andrew

Burns Burns

Bay Bay

Lindsey Lindsey

Burns Burns

St. St.

Detroit Detroit

Association Association

of of

bartonshire) bartonshire)

bright bright

Malvern Malvern

North North

Greenock Greenock

The The

Hamilton Hamilton

Turriff Turriff

Choppington Choppington

Whitley Whitley

Kilmaronock Kilmaronock

Masonic Masonic

Inverness Inverness

707 707

706 706

702 702

701 701

700 700

No. No.

698 698

699 699

696 696

695 695

693 693 691 691

"'3 "'3

00 00 ...... near

Terr.,

Road,

Acomb,

Avenue,

Irvine

Avenue,

Avenue,

Buildings,

End,

Brunswick, Brunswick,

Australia

Ardival

Cres.,

Grove,

East East

.•

(Interim) Browning

Eighth

Unity

Hartley

Galley

9 Harewood

37

St.,

St.,

33

B.E.M

37

Beech

Melbourne,

Pipers,

McKinley

Yorks.

Secretary

Australia

Australia

28

M.Sc.,

Davies

Davies

Rowan, Canada

E.

Chelmsford

Ross-shire

31

Manchester

Plymouth

45 45

Street;,

Cobb, 10,

Walker,

Notts.

Fairholm,

McCowan,

J.

S.

Victoria, Victoria,,

W.

Duthie,

Smith,

Dyall,

Dyall,

Dyall,

D.

Margaret

Hutchison,

S.

A.

A. Bridlington,

A.

N.10, Toronto,

N.10, Swanston

York Galleywood, Retford,

Milehouse, Strathpeffer,

J. Duncan J.

James J.

H.

Donald Mrs. C. Miss

William

M.A.

Green

A.

Massey

M.A.,LL.B.

T.

Duff

Yorston

President

Mitchell,

Lyall

C. McLintock,

Watts McPhee

B.

Morgan

Mackintosh

J. James

E. John Ex-Provost E.

J.

Mrs. Hector

A. John

15

80

60

77

280 250 150

100

Members

1950 1950 Fed. 1950 1950 1950

1950 1950 1950 1950

1950

1950

Inst. 1896 1905

1856

1950

1894

1934 1949

1948

1949

1920

-

-

-

-

-

of

of

Cale-

Union --

-- --

-

Toronto

Scottish

Club

Club

Melbourne

of

Society

Society

Caledonian

--

--

Club

Dist.

District

Burns

Scottish

Soc.

Burns

-- --

Dist.

West

and

Society

Burns Name

and

Society

Andrew

-----

and

and

Caledonian

Eglinton Literary

St.

Victorian

Plymouth

Scottish

Melbourne

Society Society

York

donian

North Burns The Irvine

The Royal

Chelmsford

Retford The Bridlington

Strathpeffer

No.

710 711 715 712 718 716

719

720 721 722

723

00 ~

Elver Elver

Plean, Plean,

George George

Barnard Barnard

Avenue, Avenue,

Balwyn, Balwyn,

Norwich Norwich

Wigtown Wigtown

Romford, Romford,

Tarbolton Tarbolton

271 271

Tillicoultry, Tillicoultry,

Rd., Rd.,

Farimagsgade, Farimagsgade,

Rd., Rd.,

Street, Street,

Street, Street,

Crescent, Crescent,

Grange Grange

Galgate, Galgate,

Street, Street,

"Dunaverty," "Dunaverty,"

Grove Grove

67 67

Westport, Westport,

Cottage, Cottage,

Norre Norre

Bank Bank

Lothian Lothian

Gordon Gordon

Mawney Mawney

North North

16 16

17 17

Denmark Denmark

Wallace Wallace

Ochil Ochil

Rae, Rae,

65 65

38 38

Secretary Secretary

The The

Catton Catton

71 71

East East

129 129

K., K.,

60 60

20 20

Durham Durham

W. W.

41 41

Dunbar, Dunbar,

Australia Australia

Garven, Garven,

Baillie, Baillie,

R. R.

Co. Co.

Aberdeen Aberdeen

Durham Durham

McAdam, McAdam,

H. H.

Ostler, Ostler,

Watson, Watson,

G. G.

Swan, Swan,

Schroder, Schroder,

McV. McV.

J. J.

Caproni, Caproni,

S. S.

Anderson. Anderson.

H. H.

Ferguson, Ferguson,

M. M.

B. B.

Moor, Moor,

Essex Essex

C. C.

Stirlingshire Stirlingshire

Prestonpans, Prestonpans,

Street,, Street,,

Castle, Castle,

Copenhagen, Copenhagen,

Victoria, Victoria,

Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire

Ald. Ald.

A. A.

A. A.

P. P.

J. J.

David David

R. R.

Andrew Andrew

Hans Hans Charles Charles

T. T.

Mrs. Mrs.

Henry Henry

M.A. M.A.

C.B.E.,R'. C.B.E.,R'.

Smith Smith

Picken Picken

Young Young

Allan Allan

Samuel Samuel

Jack, Jack,

G. G.

Revie Revie

Harvey Harvey

Ross Ross

T. T.

Dawson Dawson

Duthie, Duthie,

Morrison Morrison

President President

H. H.

C. C.

J. J.

M. M.

K. K.

H. H.

A. A.

Dr. Dr.

Andrew Andrew

James James William William

Gordon Gordon A. A.

Robert Robert

A. A.

James James

James James

54 54

50 50

65 65

78 78

65 65

14 14

50 50

123 123

216 216

250 250

Members Members

1952 1952

1952 1952

1952 1952

1952 1952

1952 1952

1951 1951 1951 1951

1951 1951

1951 1951

1951 1951

1951 1951

1950 1950

Fed. Fed.

1950 1950

1931 1931

1830 1830

1952 1952

1949 1949

1950 1950

1951 1951

1951 1951

1910 1910

1949 1949

Inst. Inst.

1950 1950

1936 1936

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of of

-

-

Club Club -

-

-

-

-

Circle Circle

District District

Assoc. Assoc.

Andrew, Andrew,

Caledonian Caledonian

-

-

Society Society

--

--

-

Committee, Committee,

-

St. St.

Club Club

Burns Burns

and and

Club Club

Study Study

Club Club

of of

Scottish Scottish

-

Dist. Dist.

-

-

Club Club

Club Club

Burns Burns

Name Name

Burns Burns

Soc. Soc.

Mystic Mystic

Burns Burns

Club Club

Andrew Andrew

Castle Castle Burns Burns

and and

Burns Burns

St. St.

Romford Romford

Scots Scots

Cleuch Cleuch

Society Society

Norwich Norwich

Burns Burns

Tarbolton Tarbolton Denmark Denmark

Durham Durham

The The

The The

Thorntree Thorntree Plean Plean

Aberdeen Aberdeen

Barnard Barnard

Wigtown Wigtown

Bachelors' Bachelors'

The The

Ben Ben

Melbourne Melbourne

744 744

743 743

No. No.

742 742

741 741

740 740

735 735

733 733

730 730

728 728

727 727

725 725

726 726

\0 \0

...... co co Rd.,

Ltd.,

Road,

Blyth,

Bath

Tranent, Durham Dockray

Jesmond,

Worcester

Colmonell,

Ropes,

Uplawmoor,

Co.

Luton

Road,

Southfield

Rd., Terrace,

Villa,

6

Road,

Avenue,

23 Head,

Lea

British

2

Cottage,

Bilford

c/o

M.A.,

Penn

Horncop

Seafield,

Boar's

Sunderland,

Hau&hton

Osborne

Secretary Rus

226

50 Morrison

11

5

145

Blackpool

Grimsby

Cook,

Morton,

Avenue,

Connell,

Norris,

Kendal

Hepburn,

McCallum, Williamson, B.

Fraser,

Lothian

Gall,

Peden,

McQueen,

R. M. I.

E.

E.

J.

M.

M.

G.

A.

G.

Scarthoe, Newcastle-on-Tyne,

East

Renfrewshire

Road, Cleveleys, Ayrshire Northumberland

Roker

J.

Miss E. Adam

Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. D.

Miss

LL.B.

Purdie

Morrison

MacDuff

M.A.,

McDowall

H.

Ormesher

P.

M.

Gourlay

Scott

President

Burns, MacPherson

H.

Ross

M.

P.

Bowie

Kevan

J.

Walter

D.

T. J. John

F. Mrs. Gordon Joseph

William

40

32

70

70 95

800 200

169

180 100

Members

Fed. 1952

1952 1952

1953

1953 1953 1953 1953

1953 1953

Inst.

1924 1906

1950

1940

1951 1953

1949 1938

1950

1950 1900

-

-

-

- -

-

Soc.

Dist.

Cale-

- --

-

- - --

--

Durham

and

Club

Caledonian

Caledonian

Caledonian

-

-

Club

and

Andrew

Club

District

Society

Society

Dist.

-

Burns St.

------

Burns

Name

and

Society

District

District

Scots

Burns

Qeveleys

and

"40"

Society

and

and

Caledonian

Society

Scottish

Society

Society

donian

Grimsby Northumberland

Tranent

Ouplaymuir Colmonell Westmorland

Worcester Thornton Bath Blyth Sunderland

No.

746

745

747

748

752 751 753

754 755

758

759

0 :0

Pl., Pl.,

P.O. P.O.

4679, 4679,

Park, Park,

Road, Road,

Midton Midton

Street, Street,

Glencoe, Glencoe, Terrace, Terrace,

Straiton, Straiton,

Box Box

MacKenzie MacKenzie

44 44

Erskine Erskine

Dept., Dept.,

Castle Castle

Laurencekirk Laurencekirk

4 4

P.O. P.O.

Hotel, Hotel,

Stewart Stewart

Edinburgh Edinburgh

Hotel, Hotel,

Bull Bull

Ltd., Ltd.,

Wentworth Wentworth

Carden Carden

Gillon, Gillon,

Old Old

A.R.I.C.S., A.R.I.C.S.,

Nigeria Nigeria

MacKinnon, MacKinnon, 14 14

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Mount Mount

Veterinary Veterinary

Bridge-of-Coe, Bridge-of-Coe,

o o

Royal Royal

Karachi Karachi

Black Black

264 264

233 233

I I

Secretary Secretary

c c

15 15

Uddingston Uddingston

Fife Fife

c / o o / c

c / o o / c

Pakistan, Pakistan,

Road, Road,

Anderson Anderson

McBride, McBride,

Northern Northern

of of

C.A., C.A.,

Prestwick, Prestwick,

Gowan, Gowan,

S. S.

Lamb, Lamb,

Wadsworth, Wadsworth,

Drenna_n., Drenna_n.,

McConnell, McConnell,

Stewart, Stewart,

Co., Co.,

H. H.

K. K.

MacMaster, MacMaster,

R. R.

Reid, Reid,

Armour, Armour,

R. R.

McLeod McLeod & &

Road, Road,

Clackmannan Clackmannan

Cardenden, Cardenden,

Argyll Argyll

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Bukuru, Bukuru,

Wakefield Wakefield

Birkenshaw, Birkenshaw,

Carluke Carluke

A. A.

R. R.

Archibald Archibald

George George Hugh Hugh

D. D.

J. J.

G. G.

John John

Mrs. Mrs.

John John

M.A. M.A.

Annandale Annandale

,. ,.

Stewart Stewart

C. C.

Sharp Sharp

Donald Donald

Paterson Paterson

Wilkie-Brown Wilkie-Brown

G. G.

Watson Watson

Crockett, Crockett,

MacCutcheon MacCutcheon

Henry Henry

President President

R. R.

E. E.

R. R.

K. K.

W. W.

Dr. Dr.

W. W.

JaIJ?-eS JaIJ?-eS

E.Sinc~ E.Sinc~

William William

John John

Wm. Wm.

D. D.

Dr. Dr.

William William

W. W.

60 60

34 34

65 65

44 44

50 50

24 24

92 92

40 40

55 55

130 130

150 150

. .

Members Members

1954 1954

1954 1954

1954 1954

1952 1952

1953 1953

1953 1953

1953 1953

1953 1953

Fed. Fed.

1954 1954

1939 1939

1953 1953

1929 1929

1912 1912

1953 1953

1953 1953 1953

1949 1949

1952 1952

1953 1953 1953

Inst. Inst.

1953 1953 1953

-

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Burns Burns

- --

-

Club Club Burns Burns

-

Burns Burns

-

Beggars Beggars

Karachi, Karachi,

Nigeria) Nigeria)

Society Society

Club Club

-

-

Dist. Dist.

-

--

Jean Jean

Burns Burns

Club Club

Jolly Jolly

Club Club

Society Society

Burns Burns

---

and and

-

Mossgiel Mossgiel

-

Society, Society,

Dist. Dist.

(Northern (Northern

Name Name

Burns Burns

Club Club

Caledonian Caledonian

Bonnie Bonnie

Burns Burns

Carluke Carluke

-

and and

-

Bruce Bruce

Plateau Plateau

Pakistan Pakistan

Burns Burns

Club Club

Caledonian Caledonian

Club Club Club, Club,

Prestwick Prestwick

Caledonian Caledonian

Robert Robert

Auchterderran Auchterderran

Laurencekirk Laurencekirk

Straiton Straiton Glencoe Glencoe

The The

Wakefield Wakefield

Tannochside Tannochside

Kirkton Kirkton

772 772

771 771

769 769

768 768

767 767

765 765

766 766

No. No.

764 764

763 763

762 762

761 761

\0 \0

...... West

Lane,

Falls,

Lugar,

Kelso

Street,

Circle,

Harpers Birkby,

Renfrew

Gardens,

Dr.,

MacAdam.,

Warws.

Rd.,

Inner Avenue,

Charles Road,

Terrace, c/o

/Holbergsalmen­

Innsworth

Gloucester

Shawinigan

V

Jamieson

127

Oxford

Inchmead

"Dunvegan,''

Park

East, 38

23

New

40

Brown, Atherstone,

Grantham

8

Tanfield

Norway

Durham

Man Secretary

Andre,

"Quendale,''

Clark,

19

Y.

Yorks.

7S

of

Road

SS

Co.

Ayrshire

St.

Kristiansen,

Gray, M.

Lee, Isle

Withers, Haven

Bergen,

Meld!um,

McL.

S.

Mancetter,

Macdougall,

C.

Canada

Rue

W.

16,

S.

E.

Jean

Nellie

Marshall,

McDonald,

Anderson,

Spence,·M.R.C.V.S.,

Cumnock,,

Cheltenham

Hartlepool,

Milford

Lane, 733

P.O., Douglas,

Tillicoultry

ning Huddersfield.,

John

J.

Charles N. Miss

Duncan Miss

N.

David

Mrs.

L.

Thomas

M.B.E.

Stevenson

Baird Hall

Grainger

Young

Milligan

Gordon Fyffe, President Campbell

J.

R.H.

A.

Scott

M.

Ferguson

Walter

Mrs.

Hugh John-Young

A.

A. Dr.

W.

A.

William George

Charles

80

88

4S 60

70

100

183 lSO

18S

164

Members

19S4

Fed. 19S4

19S4

19S4

19S4

19S4

19S4 19SS l9SS

19SS

19SS

19SS

Inst.

1910 1949

1899

1948

1949

19S4 1920

19SS 19S3

19S4

19Sl

-

- -

-

Club

Club, Scot.

Club

--

--

-

Society

Scottish

Scottish

Caledonian Caledonian

Burns

- Dist.

Burns

Club Burns

Dist.

Club

District

----

----

--

----

--

and

---- Club

Name

and

Valley

Burns

Caledonian

Cronies

and

Burns

Highland

Burns

Man

Hartlepools

View

Pembrokeshire

of

Society

Society

Society Society

Maurice Canada

Society

Cumnock Gloucester

The

The Nuneaton

Glasgow

St.

Isle Ochil

Bergen Huddersfield

Bowmont

No.

773

774

77S

776 777

778

779

780 781

782

783

784

tc; N

Low Low

Rose Rose

Street, Street,

Moors, Moors,

Grange. Grange.

Crosby, Crosby,

Ashing-

Ninian's, Ninian's,

Newmains, Newmains,

Cres., Cres.,

Woodview, Woodview,

Ave., Ave.,

Gt. Gt.

Bonnybridge Bonnybridge

St. St.

Exeter Exeter

Hall Hall

34 34

Milnathort Milnathort

Lower Lower

Grove, Grove,

London London

Lane, Lane,

Greenock Greenock

Road, Road,

Durham Durham

Cres., Cres.,

Field, Field,

Swaine Swaine

Street, Street,

Monk Monk

Road, Road,

Co. Co.

Ravensdale Ravensdale

Australia Australia

Moss Moss

F.I.A.J., F.I.A.J., 95 95

Milton Milton

9, 9,

Street, Street,

Dix's Dix's

S. S.

72 72

9 9

30 30

Secretary Secretary

17 17

Hillcrest Hillcrest

"Cadzow," "Cadzow,"

15 15

Duncan Duncan "Melrose,," "Melrose,,"

Wellpark Wellpark

Berks. Berks.

6 6

Bridgefalls Bridgefalls

Mearns Mearns

Essex Essex

Byiers, Byiers,

9 9

Phillips, Phillips,

Adelaide, Adelaide,

Thurrock Thurrock

Gateshead Gateshead

Taylor, Taylor,

40 40

Macdonald, Macdonald,

Heathwood, Heathwood,

4 4 Harris,

Northumberland Northumberland

Chalmers, Chalmers,

Milligan, Milligan,

Wishaw Wishaw

Dunning Dunning

Anderson, Anderson,

R. R.

I. I.

Cameron, Cameron,

R. R.

.. ..

M. M.

Warner, Warner,

W. W.

L. L.

A. A.

McDougall, McDougall,

by by

Fell, Fell,

Bell, Bell,

St. St.

Stirling Stirling

Foley, Foley,

Park, Park,

Farrington, Farrington,

Little Little

Harlow, Harlow,

Liverpool Liverpool

ton, ton,

as. as.

S. S.

J. J. Arthur Arthur

J. J.

J. J.

R. R.

A. A.

G. G.

H. H.

J J

Miss Miss

Mrs Mrs

T. T.

D. D.

. .

W. W.

Morrison Morrison

Angus Angus

McMillan McMillan

Shand Shand

George George

President President

Hughes Hughes

McBride McBride

Russell Russell

M. M. Macmillan Macmillan

Saddler Saddler

McCulloch McCulloch

J. J.

Rutherford Rutherford

Duncan Duncan

W. W.

Councillor Councillor

John John

F. F. A. A.

T. T.

A. A. A. A.

T. T.

R. R.

• •

30 30

65 65

65 65

25 25

110 110

Members Members

1956 1956

1956 1956

1956 1956

1956 1956

1955 1955

1955 1955

1955 1955 1955 1955

1955 1955

1955 1955

1955 1955

Fed. Fed.

1955 1955

1952 1952

1955 1955 1956

1954 1954

Inst. Inst.

1955 1955 1955

1955 1955 1955 1954 1954

-

-

-

-

Soc. Soc.

Club Club

Dist. Dist.

Club Club

--

Soc. Soc.

Club Club

& &

Society Society

Society Society

Society Society

Andrew's Andrew's

Regd. Regd.

Cal. Cal.

Burns Burns

---

-

Burns Burns

Cal. Cal.

---

Cal. Cal.

and and

St. St.

Cal. Cal.

Burns Burns

Club Club

Dist. Dist.

Club Club

Soc. Soc.

--

Cross Cross

Club Club

Dist. Dist.

Dist. Dist.

Dist. Dist.

Hae Hae

(Employees) (Employees)

Dist. Dist.

Adelaide, Adelaide,

Name Name

& &

and and

Bonnybridge Bonnybridge

Masonic Masonic

Club Club

Cal. Cal.

Burns Burns

Dancing Dancing

and and

of of

East East

Burns Burns and and

and and

Burns Burns

Wha' Wha'

Society Society

Sullivan Sullivan Burns Burns

Club Club

Exeter Exeter

Wishaw Wishaw

Dunning Dunning

Gateshead Gateshead

Longcroft, Longcroft,

Scottish Scottish

Scots Scots

Swindon Swindon

Thurrock Thurrock

Aintree Aintree Harlow Harlow

Ashington Ashington

Joy Joy

Thistle Thistle

798 798

797 797

796 796

No. No.

795 795 794 794

793 793

792 792

791 791

790 790

789 789

788 788

787 787

786 786

785 785

~ ~ ...... 9,

Rd.,

New

Road,

Hurley,

Terrace,

Glasgow,

Crescent,

Allanton,

Cardenden,,

Drive,

Bradiord,

Shotts

St.,

Cumnock Thornliebank

Road,

Dr.,

Road,

Kirkoswald

Montgomery

St.,

Lane,

Carleton

1

Road,

Cumberland

3

Dalhanna

Corsock

Crescent,

Barleyknowe

Main Edmunds

198

Emm

2

17

Secretary

Whitehall

Kingshill

St.

52

20

/71

Rosehall

Warwcs. 9

31

Bryce

26

Schoolhouse,

69

Berks.

35

"Strathyre,"

Mcinnes,

Morrison,

M.

bridge

Gillies,

Duncan,

McDonald, Munn,

Mclachlan,

Gibson, Milloy,

Nicholl,

Mcintosh.,

Cairns,

J.

Russell,

Newbury,

E.l McMillan, J.

Atherstone,

Cumnock Fife

Gore

Greenock

Pontefract

Shotts

Yorkshire

John

R.

Tom. W. James

J. James

Alex.

George Arch.

Wm.

T. David

Alex.

Young

Robertson

Walker

Russell

Barbour

Davies

President

Stewart

Murdoch

B.

Paterson

James

Smith

William John

John Charles

James

R.

Dr.

Thomas

Wm.

·John

85

20

200

Members

1956 Fed. 1956

1956

1957

1957

1957 1957

1957

1957

1957

1957 1957

Inst.

1940

1886 1957

-

-

-

-

Soc.

Club

Club

Soc.

Burns -- Burns

Burns

--

Club

Club

Bradford

Cal.

Burns

Social Caledonian

Club

---

---

--

of

Scottish

Burns

&

Burns

Club

Beggars

Beggars

Dist.

Dist.

(Shanter)

Soc.

Burns

Dist.

Name

Club

Masonic &

Burns

Jolly

Burns

and

Jolly

Factory

-- -

--

People's

and

Burns

Andrew's

Club

Society

Club

Club

Newbury

Ballochmyle Hurley

Crosskeys

Bowhill

Kirkoswald

Rowallan Torpedo

Pontefract

Dam.side Gorebridge "37"

St.

Logangate

No.

800

801 799 802

804 803

805

807

808

806 809

810

812

811

~ :O ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS ON THE ROLL

No. No. and District 543 Abbey Craig 755 Blyth 40 Aberdeen 95 Bolton Jolly Beggars 733 --Burns Study Circle 645 Bo'ness Doon Ladies 20 Airdrie 478 Bonnie Cities (Ont.) 493 Akron 476 Border Bothwell Bonnie Lesley Ladies 2 Alexandria 549 252 Alloway 663 Bournemouth People's Club 618 Altrincham Caledonian Soc. 803 Bowhill 309 Annan 784 Bowmont (Kelso) 393 -- Ladies 76 Brechin 82 Arbroath 49 Bridgeton 421 Arrochar & Tarbet 722 Bridlington 787 Ashington and Dist. Cal. Soc. 120 Bristol 238 Atlanta 587 Budhill and Springboig 557 -- Ladies 331 Buffalo 452 Auchterderran Bonnie Jean 356 Burnbank 673 --Highland Mary 417 Burnley 768 --Jolly Beggars 282 Burns Bowling Association 496 Auld Hoose 295 Burns House 566 Australia, Scot. Soc. of 112 Burns Howff 275 Ayr 355 Calcutta 435 -- Tam o' Sbanter 4 Callander Wingate 192 Ayrshire Assoc. 207 Cambuslang 728 Bachelors' Club (Tarbolton) 71 Carlisle 686 Banchory 761 Carluke Bridge Cronies 735 Barnard Castle 648 Carron Douglas 439 Barnsley 562 Castle 593 Barmtlll Jolly Beggars 365 Catrine 363 Barrow 719 Chelmsford 758 Bath and District 462 Cheltenham Caled. Assoc. 579 Bathgate Tam o' Shanter 572 Chester 534 Bedlington and District 11 Chesterfield Beith 699 Choppington 288 Devon Alva 15 Beliast 646 Clear Winding 477 Bellahouston 630 Coalsnaughton Home Gllal'd 725 Ben Cleuch 669 Coatbridge 592 Benwhat 398 Colinton 782 Bergen 752 Colmonell 326 Bingry Ladies 584 Corby 167 Birmingham 559 Coventry 184 Blairadam 622 Coylton 196 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS No. No. 581 Cumbernauld 467 Gilbertfield 580 Cum Highland Mary brae 636 Gisborne, 45 Cumnock New Zealand 596 Glaisnock 773 --- Cronies 169 Glasgow Assoc. 62 Cupar' 653 --- Ex-Service 594 Cuyahoga County Teachers 263 --- Masonic 244 Dalm.uir and Clydebank 778 Glasgow 35 Dairy Highland 3 --- 577 Dalserf Tam o' Shanter 766 Glencoe 809 Damside 774 158 Darlington Gloucester Scottish Society 427 Gorebridge 482 Deal Ladies Glencairn 345 Denbeath 198 -- Jolly Beggars 469 Denny Cross 806 --- Masonic 55 Derby 430 Gourock 701 Detroit 59 Gourock Jolly Beggars 37 Dollar 53 Govan Fairfield 556 292 Grahamston Doncaster 21 406 Dublin Greeno ck 10 702 ---Foundry Masonic Asn. Dumbarton 209 226 Dumfries --St. John's 746 Grimsby 437 --- Ladies No. I 33 Haggis 503 Dunblane 152 Hamilton Dundee It 700 -- Jubilee 659 --- Burns Society 121 --- Junior 656 Dundonald Jean Armour Ladies 555 Harrogate 69 Dunedin N.Z. 492 Harrow 85 Dunfermline 379 Hartlepools Burns Club 744 Durham Caled. Soc. 775 --- Cal. Soc. 526 --- Tam o' Shanter 239 Ha wick 22 Edinburgh 446 Herefordshire 307 --- Ayrshire Assoc. 582 Higginsneuk 378 --- District Assoc. 783 Huddersfield and Dist. Scots 571 Edmonton Society 149 Elgin 510 I.C.I. Grangemouth 217 Eskdale 691 Inverness 760 Eyemouth 173 Irvine 126 Falkirk 715 --- Eglinton 780 Isle 262 Fifeshire Assoc. of Man 498 Flint 372 Jean Armour (Baillieston) 348 525 -- -- (Newton) Jolly Beggars 785 576 Fort Matilda Joy Sullivan (Employees) Masonic (Greenock) 598 Forth Jolly Beggars 771 Karachi Cal. Soc. 403 Fraserburgh 655 Kennoway Jolly Beggars 501 Galt 377 Kilbirnie 665 Gartmorn Ladies 0 Kilmarnock ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS 197 No. No. 681 Cronies 199 Newbattle 695 Kilmaronock (Dunbartonshire) 293 N ewcraighall 623 Kil winning 770 Newmarket (Falkirk) 627 Kinross Jolly Beggars 256 Newton-on-Ayr 616 Kirkconnel and Sanquhar 124 Ninety 323 Kirkcudbright 563 Norfolk 693 --- Masonic 706 North Lindsey Scots Society 804 Kirkoswald 745 Northumberland and Durham 388 Kyle Ladies Caled. Soc. 34-1 Ladysmith (B.C.) 742 Norwich Scots Society 578 Lanarkshire B.C.A. 17 Nottingham 660 Langholm Ladies 777 Nuneaton 637 Larkhall Applebank 346 Oakbank 767 Laurencekirk 624 Oban 661 Leamington and Warwick 781 Ochil View 461 Leicester 748 Ouplaymuir 341 Leith 48 Paisley 366 Liverpool 72 Partick 625 Lockerbie 776 Pembrokeshire 811 Logangate, Cumnock 631 Pencaitland 1 London 511 Perth (West Australia) 570 --- Clans Assoc. 336 Peterhead 561 London (Ontario) 284 Philadelphia North-eastern 183 Londonderry 453 --- Ladies 528 Loughborough 690 Pirn Hall 707 Malvern Scots Club 764 Plateau (Nigeria) 674 Manchester and Salford 741 Plean 350 Markinch 721 Plymouth 387 Mary Campbell (Cambuslang) 535 Plymouth Caledonian Soc. 310 Mauchline 808 Pontefract 390 Meikle Earnock 688 Poosie Nansie Ladies, 726 Melbourne Kirkcaldy 712 --- North and West Scots 190 Port-Glasgow Society 212 Portobello --- Royal Caled. Society 712 772 Prestwick Moffat and District 626 689 Prince Rupert (B.C.) Montrose 242 479 Queen of the South Ladies Motherwell United Services 494 585 Queen's Park Clarinda Muirhead 620 617 Reading Caledonian Assoc. 65 Musselburgh 472 Renfrewshire Assoc. 139 National 720 Retford 74 National Memorial 500 New Cumnock 769 Robert Bruce (Clackmannan) 523 N.S.W. Highland Soc. 606 Rockingham 381 New York 743 Romford Scott. Assoc. 329 Newark 36 Rosebery (Glas.) 133 Newarthill 641 Rosewell 198 ALPHABETICAL UST OF CLUBS No. No. 454 Rotherham 810 Thirty-seven, Shotts 805 Rowallan 7 Thistle (Glasgow) 354 Royal Clan 786 Thistle (Milnathort) 9 Royalty 754 Thornton Cleveleys 642 Rutherglen 667 Thornton (Fife) 812 St. Andrew's Soc. of Bradford 740 Thomtree 727 St. Andrew Soc. of Denmark 710 Toronto 671 St. Andrew's Cronies, Irvine 807 Torpedo, Greenock 470 St. Giles 612 Torrance Masonic 220 St. Louis 747 Tranent "40" 779 St. Maurice Valley (Canada) 271 Trenton 680 Saltcoats Thistle 274 Troon 413 San Francisco 320 Troy 68 Sandyford 679 Tullibody and Cambus 629 Sanquhar 698 Turriff 426 Sauchie 520 Uddingston Lochlie Ladies 237 Uddingston 551 Scarborough Masonic 666 Valley 314 Scottish (Edin.) of Doon Ladies 303 Victoria 153 Scottish (Glas.) St. Andrew's Soc. 711 Victorian 621 Scottish Aviation Scottish Union 763 Wakefield 405 Sheffield 165 Wallsend 91 Shettleston 436 Walney Ladies 283 Sinclairtown 296 Walsall 589 Solway 497 Wellington St. Andrew 530 Southern Scot. Counties 664 West Kilbride 182 Stane Mossgiel 753 Westmorland St. Andrew's 409 Stenhousemuir 392 Whiffiet 50 Stirling 236 Whitehaven 458 Stonehaven 536 Whithom 765 Straiton 696 Whitley Bay and District 683 Stratford upan Avon 730 Wigtown 670 Strath, Isle of Skye, Kyleakin 432 Winchburgh 42 Strathearn 575 Windsor (Ont.) Jean Armour 723 . Strathpeffer 197 Winnipeg 89 Sunderland 564 Winsome Willie, Ochiltree 759 Sunderland and Di st. Cale. 86 -- Old Cumnock Society 553 Wolverhampton 444 Swansea 751 Worcester 632 Symington 518 Ye Auld Cronies 762 Tannochside 718 York St. Andrew Society "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

THE NATIONAL BURNS MEMORIAL AND COTTAGE HOMES, MAUCHLINE, AYRSHIRE. In Memory of the Poet Burns for Deserving Old People. •That 1reateat of benevolent Institutions eaubllahed In honour of Robert Burns." --Qiu,_ Hmud.

There . are now twenty modern comfortable · houses for the benefit of deserving old folks. The site is an ideal one in the heart of the Burns Country. The Cottagers, after careful selection, occupy the houses free of rent and taxes, and, in addition, receive an annual allowance. They are chosen from all quarters. There are no irksome restrictions, they get bringing their own furniture, have their own key, and can go in and out and have their own friends visiting them as they please. Our aim is to give them, as near as practicable, their "ain fireside " and let them enjoy the evening of their lives in quiet comfort. fF'urther ,...... are re4ulred. WDI ~au please help'! Subscriptions will be gratefully acknowledged by the Hon. Secretary. Mr. DAVID J. S. HARVEY, 65 Renfield Street, Glasgow. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

THE POEMS OF Robert Burns

Cloth binding, gilt title, tinted tops. Nelson Classia 6s A Burns' Companion Blue Rexine bindings, being !Everybody's gilt title, dark blue top. Winchester Classics 71 Key to Bums Poems By W. B. CAMPBELL --·- 12f6 Highland Direct from the author, Knock, Hunt!f, Aberdeen­ Dancing shire or from any bookseller. The official textbook of The Scottish Official Board of High­ " A great service to a good cause." land Dancing-an authoritative, Abulkcn Prm &..Journal. practical and comprehensive "Just the book to supply the needs of the Burns lover." manual. It sets for the first The late Har!f Elliott, time a universal standard of dOJen ef Soutl! African Bumsiam. knowledge, instruction and per­ formance. With 75 close-up action photographs.--·- 2ls NELSON

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