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Studies in the Linguistic Sciences St92 V.19 1989 cop. 2 CENTRAL CIRCULATION AND BOOKSTACKS The person borrowing this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or return before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each non-returned or lost item. Theft, mutilation, or defacement of library materials can be causes for student disciplinary action. All materials owned by th* University of Illinois Library are the property of the State of Illinois and are protected by Article 16B of Illinois Criminal Law and Protedur«. TO RENEW, CALL (217) 333-8400. University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign DEC 1 1 200) When renewing by phone, write new clue date below previous due date. L162 PAPERS IN GENERAL LIN^^mrrCS Preface "" rt " O " Ql^^' Harbir arora and K. V. Subbarao: Con\W|ence and syntagtk»=' uj: J^p^\Gr. 1 reanalysis: The case of so in Dakhini ^ ^. Camille Bundrick: An interference-baSfe^j^ft&tmt of restrictive relative which and that 19 Farida Cassimjee and Charles W. Kisserberth: Shingazidja nominal accent 33 Raung-ftj Chung: On the representation of Kejia diphthongs 63 Dale Gerdemann: Restriction as a means of optimizing unification parsing 81 Hans Henrich Hock: Conjoined we stand: Theoretical implications of Sanskrit relative structures 93 127 Braj B. Kachru: World Englishes and applied linguistics Yamuna Kachru: Corpus planning for modernization: Sanskritization and Englishization of Hindi 153 SQUIB Rakesh Mohan Bhatt: Good mixes and odd mixes: Implications for the bilingual's grammar 165 REVIEWS Rama Kant Agnihotri (1987). Crisis of identity: Sikhs in England. (Jean Aitchison) 1 69 Tej K. Bhatia (1987). A history of the Hindi grammatical tradition. (Rajeshwari Pandharipande) 173 Dick Chambedain and Robert Baumgardner, eds. (1988). ESP in the classroom: Practice and evaluation. 181 ELT Documents 1 28. (Numa Markee) Sumitra Katre (1987). Astadhyayl of Panini. (Texas Linguistic 187 Series.) (Ladislav Zgusla) Department of Linguistics University of Illinois . STUDIES IN THE LINGUISTIC SCIENCES PUBLICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN EDITOR: Hans Henrich Hock EDITORIAL BOARD: Eyamba G. Bokamba, Chin-chuan Cheng, Georgia M. Green, Erhard W. Hinrichs, Hans Henrich Hock, Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, Michael J. Kenstowicz, Chin-W. Kim, Charies W. Kisseberth, Howard Maclay, Jerry L. Morgan, Rajeshwari Pandharipande, and Ladislav Zgusta. AIM: SLS is intended as a forum for the presentation of the latest original research by the faculty and especially students of the Department of Lin- guistics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Invited papers by scholars not associated with the University of Illinois will also be included. SPECIAL ISSUES: Since its inception SLS has devoted one issue each year to restricted, specialized topics. A complete list of such special issues is given on the back cover. BOOKS FOR REVIEW: Review copies of books may be sent to the Editor, Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Department of Linguistics, University of lUinios, 707 S. Mathews, Urbana, IlUnois 61801. SUBSCRIPTION: There will be two issues during the academic year. Requests for subscriptions should be addressed to SLS Subscriptions, Department of Linguistics, 4088 Foreign Languages Building, 707 S. Mathews, University of lUinois, Urbana, Illinois 6 1 80 1 UPCOMING ISSUES: Vol. 19:2 — "African Linguistics, I"; Vol. 20:1 — "African Linguistics, 11"; Vol. 20:2 — "Special Anniversary Issue." Price: $7.50 (per issue) STUDIES IN THE LINGUISTIC SCIENCES Papers In General Linguistics EDITOR Hans Henrich Hock VOLUME 19, NUMBER 1 SPRING 1989 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 61801 9 CONTENTS Preface v Harbir Arora and K.V. Subbarao (University of Delhi): Convergence and syntactic reanalysis: The case of so in Dal<khini 1 Camille Bundrick: An inference-based account of restrictive relative which and that 1 Farida Cassimjee and Charles W. Kisseberth: Shingazidja nominal accent 33 Raung-fu Chung: On the representation of Kejia diphthongs 63 Dale Gerdemann: Restriction as a means of optimizing unification parsing 81 Hans Henrich Hock: Conjoined we stand: Theoretical implications of Sanskrit relative structures 93 Braj B. Kachru: World Englishes and applied linguistics 127 Yamuna Kachru: Corpus planning for modernization: Sanskritization and Englishization of Hindi 153 Squib Rakesh Mohan Bhatt: Good mixes and odd mixes: Implications for the bilingual's grammar 165 Reviews Rama Kant Agnihotri (1987). Crisis of identity: Sikhs in England. (Jean Aitchison, London School of Economics) 169 Tej K. Bhatia (1987). A history of the Hindi grammatical tradition (Rajeshwari Pandharipande) 173 Dick Chamberlain and Robert Baumgardner, eds. (1988). ESP in the classroom: Practice and evaluation. ELT Documents 128. (Numa Markee, Division of English as an International Language) 181 Sumitra M. Katre (1987). AstadhyayFof Panini. (Texas Linguistic Series.) (Ladislav Zgusta) 187 Preface With the present issue of Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, the change in format and production announced in the last issue (Vol. 18, No. 2) has nearly been completed: All contributions have been produced on the computer, and except for one paper, all of them have been printed on the Apple LaserWriter, from documents composed in Microsoft Word and using Apple's 'Helvetica' as base font. In addition, the present issue breaks with past tradition by featuring several reviews, as well as a 'squib'. The editors intend to continue including reviews, review articles, and squibs in future general issues, in addition to regular ar- ticles, as well as short book notices. Regrettably, for various reasons which include the changes just mentioned, the present issue appears with almost one year's delay. We hope to be back to our regular publication schedule with Volume 20. Volume 19:2 and 20:1 will be special issues, featuring papers presented at the Twentieth Annual Conference on African Linguistics, held at the University of Illinois in April 1989. Volume 20:2 will likewise be a special issue, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Department of Linguistics. Before concluding, I would like to thank the following Department of Linguistics faculty members for refereeing submitted papers: Chin-Chuan Cheng, Georgia Green, Yamuna Kachru, Michael Kenstowicz, and Charles W. Kisseberth. The editors also appreciate support from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences toward publishing this issue, and technical support from the Language Learning Laboratory. Last, but not least, I have the pleasant duty of thanking Beth Creek, Corinne Saldeen, Eileen Sutton, and Lieve van de Walle of our Department for their support in preparing this issue. January 1990 Hans Henrich Hock (Editor) Studies in the Linguistic Sciences Volume 19, Number 1, Spring 1989 CONVERGENCE AND SYNTACTIC REANALYSIS: THE CASE OF SO IN DAKKHINI* Harbir Arora and K.V. Subbarao (University of Delhi) This paper argues that the archaic Hindi-Urdu correlative marker so has been reanalyzed in Dakkhini Hindi-Urdu to perform an entirely new set of syntactic functions, such as adjectivalizer in prenominal and predicate position, as well as with conjunctive parti- ciples and negative relative participles (whether prenominal or predicative), linker in negative verbal participles and reason ad- verbial clauses, and complementizer. As a consequence, the func- tions that so performs in Dakkhini are entirely distinct from those of so in Hindi-Urdu, and this difference in most cases is due to con- vergence with Telugu, a Dravidian language. We shall finally provide a historical account of the syntactic development of so, based on Dakkhini texts from the fourteenth century to the present. 1. Dakkhini Hindi-Urdu (hereafter Dakkhini) is a transplanted variety of Hindi-Urdu'' (an Indo-Aryan language) used in the southern parts of India where Dravidian languages are spoken. Dakkhini has been in intimate contact with Dravidian languages for about five centuries. As a result of this prolonged con- tact Dakkhini has acquired a number of Dravidian syntactic traits. This paper aims to study the syntactic nature of so in Dakkhini. so, which is a correlative marker in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi, has been reanalysed in Dakkhini to perform an entirely new set of syntactic functions, such as prenominal adjectivalizer, adjectivalizer in predicate position, adjectivalizer with conjunctive participles and negative relative participles (prenominal as well as predicative), linker in negative verbal participles, linker in reason adverbial clauses, and complementizer. We shall show in this paper that the functions that so performs in Dakkhini are entirely distinct from those of so in Hindi-Urdu and that this difference in most cases is due to syntactic convergence with Telugu, a Dravidian language. We shall argue that the use of so to perform so many varied functions repre- Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 19:1 (Spring 1989) sents the optimal utilization of a grammatical category. The reassignment of functions of so in Dakkhini, we claim, shows that in syntactic reanalysis there need not necessarily be any functional commonality between particular lexical items of the source and borrowing languages. We shall further show that the occurrence of so with predicative adjectives is due to analogical extension from the prenominal position to the predicate position. We shall finally provide a historical account of the development of the functions of so,
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