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thormonlmormontmormon pacific historical society proceedings fourth annual conference MORMON HISTORY IN THE PACIFIC april 301983

BRIGHAM YOUNG university HAWAII CAMPUS

LAIE HAWAII MORMON PACIFIC historical SOCIETY proceedings fourth annual conference celebrating OUR PAST 30 april 1983

presidents note executive council 1983841983 84 ii conference proceedings J J ELLIOTT CAMERON president BYU hawaii campus welcoming remarks I1.1 j j BALDRIDGE KENNETH W search for a site selection of the CCH campus 2.2 J involved with LDS history in the pacific since 1960 director of BYU hawaii oral history program phd BYU provo history professor of history BYU hawaii president MPHS CHASE LANCE horse soldiers and the spaulding manuscript hawaiian missionary life a century ago 9.9 phd marquette university associate professor of english chairman division of religious instruction BYU hawaii campus executive secretary MPHS 1.1 LOVELANDLOVFLAND JERRY polynesian origins and migrations 1717.17 J director institute of polynesian studies professor of history political science and polynesian studies phd american university J LUNG GLENN statistical growth of the LDS church in samoa and tonga 2323.23 J regional representative of the twelve executive assistant area presiding bishoprics office 5 treasurer MPHS j RICHTER KURT origins of the polynesiansPolynesians 2525.25 J convert 1974 first counselor elders quorum presidency US navy attended kapiolani community college employed with federal security police k ie i STAGNER ISHMAEL paper unavailable see his book hawaiian genealogies with edith mckenzie associate professor of education BYUHCBYU HC chairman na makua mahalo laia author exec council MPHS J TAHAURI MARVALEE the singing ruauauau of tahiti 3131.31 J primary teacher graduate CCH 1970 mother of five author assistant in family business executive council MPHS J TYAU LERUTH history recorded through art work A personal experience 3636.36 J i author artist attended BYU provo san jose state utah state university executive council MPHS WOLFGRAMM EMIL tonga receptacle of new concepts 4040.40 J graduate CCH research division manager polynesian cultural center presidents NOTE 1983 brought new challenges and opportunities to MPHSNIPHS members g and the society fascinating presentations at this conference challenged the connoisseur of mormon pacific history to take j note of what was happening in research the roads of opportunity j were opened in art reports research and the performing arts j the horizons of all who attended were lifted not only from the unique presentations but from the free exhangeexchange of fellowship among the attendees let us push forward in our quest for understanding the past let us share in your experiences that others might rejoice j with us let us continue amid confusion and frustration to j remain committed to the objectives of the society rex frandsen president 1983841983 84

I1 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 1983841983 84 rex frandsen president 1986 JL lance chase vicevicepresidentpresident 1984 glenngienn lung 1984 g marvalee tahauri treasurer 1985 grace pratt 1986 ishmael stagner exexaxex sec 1985 joe spurrier 1986 kenneth W baldridge 1984 leruth tyau 1985 jp jf year of expiration of term

IN MEMORIUM

PRESIDENT EDWARD LAVAUN CLISSOLD fcicefcic arimaramjf ir 11 apr 1898131898 13 feb 1984 U JL t member active supporter and friend mormon pacific historical society presenter assignment kona 1921 at third annual MPHS conference 10 april 1982 3sas A rres presided over most of the hawaii LDS institutions including the oahu stake hawaii JJ temple 3 times japanese mission both in japan and hawaii hawaii mission zions securities as manager chairman of the board of trustees of church college of hawaii member of board of directors polynesian cultural center

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iai1 REMARKS mTO mdrMOBMCN PACIFIC SOCIETYSOC MMTINGMEETING april 30 1983 madr PAC HISCALhistorical me physical mental and moral ibid this is the spirit of those aloha wiwho have made history we have caneconecome by the trial and error andaryl anguisheanguiangulwxymsheanguishedshe walcomewelcome and effort of others and just waiting for history tottotoo happen is not this is nymy annual opportunity As sanesomesomasama of you know I1 arrived on enough As did our forebearersforebearers we must help it happen for the right campus the evening before this conference was held in 1980 im riotnot sure principles for the right purposes and find a way or make one that the conference organizers have not built me into the tradition of this conference has become a significant event in the lives starting the conference session I1 anam delighted however for this epportcpportopportunityty of many who are concerned about what happened in the pacific to bring again us where we are today I1 take great pleasure in exextendingmg a warm welcome A hundred titimestimms every day said albert einstein 1I remind and wishing you muchmoch success as you share a pleasant and profitable day myself that icyidymyrcy inner and catercataroutarouter life depend on the labors of other men living and dead and that I1 mirtmistmustmyst exert myself in order to given in the measure as I1 have received and am still receiving postscript 1966 since we were together a year ago much history has been written and performed here in our own area much has transpired which unless recorded for posterity will soon fade and become dindim in memory samesome thoughtful individual has said ehetheme past is to leamlearn frontfrom not to live in our thoughts move in many directions every day often in a fleeting moment we think about what has happened before and how it effects us today I1 have been reading again this past few months the history of this area of laielalelaialala I1 have been digging out some material which gives me perspective as I1 establish goals and objectives for the future I1 cannot live in the early days of this area but I1 can use the material I1 research to put my thoughts and action in focus we need a sense of history a examinationrereexamination of purposepurposes and principles of why we have what we have with respect and gratitude to those who gave us what we have and the good grace to pass it on inproved upon if possible remembering that there is no sweeping easy solutlmsolution to anything ever when admiral peary was disabled with the agony of frozen feet which threatened to defeat his heroic effort to reach the north pole he wrote on the wall of his miserable shelter 1 I shallshailshalirhasha find a way or make cneone beyond adventure the lives of three explorers by andrews earlier he had said 1 I shallshailshalihhal I1 put into thisffortthiis effort everything therethare is in 2

SEARCH FOR A SITE SELECTION OF THE CCH CAMPUS most latterlatterdayday saints in hawaii today seem to be under the assumption that as a result of that oftdescribedoft described happening david 0 mckay dedicated by the grounds of church college of hawaii here thirtyfourthirty four years later my purpose today is to trace the rathertortuousrather tortuous path the planning of the school kenneth W baldridge took over the years and to show that the establishment of church college of hawaii here in laie was not quite as cutanddriedcut and dried as often believed this year marks the 25th anniversary of the occupation of the campus on the day after that 1921 visit here in laie elders mckay and cannon which we are now meeting just a quartercenturyquarter century ago plans were underway traveled over to maui and there as elder samuel H hurst recorded in his for the vacation of the temporary campus over near the temple as this perma- diary a very inspirational meeting was held with the missionaries in which nent campus was nearingneanneam ng completion there were still to be some hectic months elder mckay asked them what they felt to be the greatest need of the mission ahead however before the buildings here were ready for occupancy about hurst states that the missionaries all felt the greatest need was a church december 1958 the campus was considerably smaller thentherethen There was of course school of higher learning mckay an educator himself agreed with them no aloha center cannon center or snow administration building nor even our and promised to write a letter to the first presidency with such a was much were no temple view recommendation at the close of hish1s remarks he commented on the resolution little theater the library smaller there hs3 apartmentsapartmentsinin fact there were only two dormitories instead of the six we to build a school at laie oahubahu little did he know that he himself find on our present campus today instead of moana street faculty row then would be the instrument to put that recommendation into effect stretched out along kamehameha highway between where laies two service stations today are locatedlocated11 there were no townhouses and only about one in an oral history interview with lanierlam er britsch for the church third the faculty we have at present historical department in 1976 edward L clissold stated that david 0 mckay kept the idea of a school at laie constantly in mind mckay talked about however instead of looking at the existing campus id like to go back the school when he visited laie in 1936 and again in 1940 and 1941 when he before then back even before the temporary campus was utilized to see if stayed at the clissold home As clissold then first counselor in the oahu we can find an initiation of the idea that resulted in the establishment of stake presidency reported their conversation on that occasion pres mckay church college of hawaii or what we know today as brigham young university asked brother clissold what are we doing about the school and he4hea hawaii campus replied president mckay were waiting on you brethren to set it up church schooling in laie began soon after the property here was purchased it was to be several years later however before the next documented in the early part of 1865 when sister mildred randallrandatt conducted two schools step was taken on june 7 1949 ralph E woolley president of the oahu one for the hawaiian children and one for the haole childrenuntilchildren until her stake appointed four members of his high council to a special committee return to utah in november 1866 2 subsequent schools were conducted in to investigatereinvestigatere and report the advisability of establishing an LDS laies first two chapels until a separate building was constructed about 1887 church school in hawaii clinton kanahele chaired the committee which also this was located just to the kahukukahuhu side of the new chapel which had been included J frank woolley lawrence peterson and george zabriskie the built just five years before when the construction of the temple began charge to investigatereinvestigatere investiinvests gate and the committee report that this same problem during world war I1 chapel was down 100 has been investigated before by clinton kanahele is convincing evidence that the literally rolled the hill about 5 yards to the site of the chapel now under renovation the school house was at least some study had been given to the situation previously As part of turned over to those doing some of the art work and sculpture for the temple the study the committee and president woolley met with bishops of the six and a new school was built adjacent to the newlylocatednewly located chapel this co- wards and presidents of the three branches on oahu on july 13 1949 to hear nsisted of five classrooms and an assembly hall and lasted until 1927 when the data concerning LDSLOS attendance at private schools at oahubahu the leaders church turned it over to the territory of hawaii and went out of the education reported about 150 were attending nonsectariannon sectarian schools such as kamehameha business here for nearly two decades and punahoaPunpunahouahou about 50 others attended sectarian schools primarily catholic after this presentation 15 of the 85 other people present took the opportunity it was at this school perhaps that our story should really start in to express their views some felt there was an academic inadequacy in the 1921 elder david 0 mckay then a member of the council of the twelve apostles public schools but were reluctant to expose their children to the religious and hugh J cannon began their historic journey visiting the missions of the orientation of other private schools although nearly everyone seemed to church as they made their way around the world on arriving here in laie in agree on the desirability of an LDS school there the consensus ended february 1921 the two brethren witnessed the flagraisingflag raising incident depicted the location of the school and the grades to be included were especially on the mural at the entrance to the foyer of the david 0 mckay building on the controversial various sites in honolulu as well as laie were suggested brigham young universityhawaiiuniversity hawaii campus and schools from kindergarten to high school were recommended either to be

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6 established all at once or one grade at a time acccording to the minutes of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints and the momentum for a school in no one suggested a junior college although committee member george zabriskie hawaii increased considerably less than three months later on june 29 1951 told me the other day he felt there was some mention of the idea the report the first presidency appointed an advisory committee to look into school matters does however list among the advantages of laielate the availability of land on oahu with the idea of starting school in the coming fall ralph E woolley should expansion to the junior college level ever be desirable president of the oahu stake and his two counselors arthur K parker and fred E lunt edward L clissold recently released as president of the hawaii although honolulu and laielatelale were the only two contenders the advantages mission his successor ernest nelsonneisonMtat1son and poe kekauoha bishop of laie ward and disadvantages of each were carefully analyzed the report pointed out constituted the new study team that about 75175 of the oahu stake population resided in the honolulu area this of course was also cited as the principal disadvantage of the laielate to meet with the committee the first presidency sent seminary princi- location the laielatelale advantages however included the low cost of land since pal frank mcghie of salt lake city to hawaii on july 11 1951 mcghie had the church already owned 6000 acres in and around the windward community been director of seminaries in hawaii from 1944 to 1946 and then again in 1947 and as I1 just mentioned the availability of land would make future expansion until the existing program was declared unconstitutional by the supreme court possible the rural environment lent itself to the possibility of agricul- according to the notice in the deseret news he was to make a survey of the tural training for the students as well as making lower costs possible through facilities matthat might be availafitrfavai1ab1eforaor a junior college to be opened in laie theraisingthe raising of some of the necessary food items although it appears to have this fall 14 from that it appears that the type of school the location been given no more emphasis than some of the other reasons the committee did and even the date of opening had been determined one of the committees mention that the presence of the hawaii temple and the fact that laie as an unanimous decisions however was that beginning school within the desired LOS community should encourage the development of gospel principles and a deadline was impossible the committee met with oahu bishops and surveyed mormon way of life 8 latterlatterdayday saints to determine educational needs and possible enrollments in what again appears to be a classic example of inventingreinventingre the wheel the the next step along the path of school establishment took place the committee again considered several possible sites waialeewaialae was soon discarded following year and centered around the old waialaewaialee training school site about when the committee learned it was no longer available mcghie in the fourteen miles from laielatelale along the north shore toward haleiwaHaleiwa the school meantime visited several schools on maui and oahu and suggested that the where the crawford convalescent home and university of hawaii tropical facility committee consider a location in or near honolulu this was at least discussed are now located vacated its premises in thelatethecatethe late 1940s and moved to the but the committee was not swayed I1 quote from the report submitted to the kailua area in november 1950 clissold and woolley discussed the possible first presidency use of the grounds and buildings for a school and the latter still president of the oahu stake appointed his counselors fred E lunt and george kekauoha after careful consideration of the objectives of a church school program elmer jenkins and ruby enos president of the stake young womens MIA as a in hawaii and the best means of obtaining them the committee came to the committee to look into the possibilities according to a later statement by following general conclusions one of the principals the comnitteecommitteec9mmittee regarded the idea with favor and so v9 recommended its utilization I1 have since talked to two of the three survi- 1 that the school should be located at laie oahubahu ving members of the coimiitteecommitteecqmmittee however who tell me there was in fact no 2 that it should be predominantly a boarding school such recommendation lu10 ruby enos felt the land on the makai side of the high- 3 that it should eventually embrace the last two years of high school way was too low and suitable only for taro while the daukamaukama uva land7andband was too limit- and the first two years of college ed in area fred lunt recalls visiting the site one uadaycafteryafterafter a conference 4 that the curriculum should include many vocational courses in wahiawa with visiting general authority henry 0 moyle and other local 5 that the school should begin in september 1952 leaders the consensus at that time seemed to be that being away from the 6 that the first year 1952531952 53 courses should be limited to junior spiritual environment of laie would not be in the students best interest year high school studentstudentsstudentstostoto be followed by one additional grade each year for the next three years until in the fourth yeahyear there were others also who did not agree that the fonnerformer detention home 1955561955 56 the full fouryearfour year course would be established 155 was a suitable location for the LDSLOS schools eldon morrell told me that he felt the LDSLOS students would have enough difficulty with acceptancevithoutacceptancewithoutacceptance without it might be noted at this point that in 1951 the proposed configuration the added stigma that the former detention facility might provide perhaps of the school was not regarded as quite as unorthodox as it might be today even more conclusive was the report of clarenceciarenceofclarence silver of the church building the proposal was in keeping with the 6446 4 4 idea that was enjoying some committeeConnit tee who while vacationing in hawaii in 1950 was asked to report on popularity at that time in the area of public education the waialaewaialee site As a result of his negative observations the waialaewaialee possibility appears to have been shelved pending further investigationinvestigation1212 according to the church news article concerning his assignment to hawaii mcghie was to return aafterTter three weeks to report to the first presi- on 9 1951 0 mckay was as president church april david sustained of the dency after which he was to leave shortlishortly for hawaii to take charge of the development of the new institution 6 the report of the committee also implied that he was expected to become the principal or president or what- ever in a phone call the other day he told me he did not have the idea he was to take over so perhaps there is a bit of confusion therethereathere7177 in 6 5 any case he was not willing to locate in laie and friction developed betweenbetwbeaw en there were still some who wanted a mitorydormitorydo high school president clissold him and members of the committee and the educator returned to utah to his maintained the younger students should remain at home under family and church 7918 fifileflie minority report although there had been a goodsizedgood sized church news article influence rather than being sent off to a boarding school this idea prevailed about his departure for the assignment only a brief paragraph in the improvement and the report of the survey committee stated that they had a distinct era on 25 message feeling but few people feel is wise for the new school to co- mentioned his return july with the distorted that the that all feeb414 it LOS cenncentrate on the college years ba opening of an high school in laie would be postponed at least a year 19g trate that september he was again serving as a seminary principal in salt lake city the survey committee visited the four larger islands and talked exten- the committee however realized the importance of continued input from sively to church and educational leaders of hawaii As a result of the month church headquarters and asked sircesince brother mcghie has apparently withdrawn long study the committee arrived at the following conclusions concerning the himself from the picture we request that another man be appointed as soon as general purposes of the school practicable to head up the project if you concur in the conclusion reached by the committee we can begin with the new appointee to lay the groundwork for 1 to build strong latterlatterdayday saints the opening of the school the enrollment for an opening in 1952 was antici- pated at between 75 and 100 20 2 to develop leadershipspiritualleadership spiritual and temporal again nothing happened as a result of the study perhaps due to the 3 to provide opportunities for exploratory work in both academic connected controversy and another year passed in waymay 1952 president clissold and vocational lines again attempted to get the project into motion two months later dror wesleymesley P lloyd of the brigham young university faculty was scheduled to be in 4 to provide general education for all students hawaii en route from his return from japan As a result of clissolds urging dr lloyd was assigned by the first presidency to conduct another survey of 5 to offer twoyeartwo year terminal courses in the trades and vocations educational needs of the hawaii saints the pattern was repeated dr lloyd for those whose talents and inclinations point toward immediate met with individuals concerning the same issues previously surveyed ie employment rather than further academic work what type of school should be established and where should it be located lloyd met with stake and mission officers at the honolulu tabernacle on 6 to provide preparatory programs for thonthomthose who will continue july 31 1952 and as president clissold reported the consensus of this meeting on to senior colleges and universities was that a junior college offering largely vocational courses be established thatjjunior221 looking at various sites the committee concluded that only honolulu at laie lloyds written report to the first presidency supported the after 26 recommendation and added that the school could probably be opened in 1953 laie and kaneohe were worth final consideration honolulu and laie of should the decision be made to proceed 22 course had been recommended by various committees in previous years but this was the first time that kaneohe had been mentioned as a possibility was additional meetings were held in october and november 1952 and more and as we shall see that mention to be significant reports were sent to lake receommending a man salt city that be appointed to and had head the school in order to provide additional direction and momentum to the laws survey committee pointed out that both honolulu laie ongoingon going studies president mckay assuredclissoldassured Clissold in june 1953 that this loyal defenders and its determined opponents although admitting that would shortly be done nearly one year may 1954 honolulu had several obvious advantages the committee cited three principal later president mckay told running between clissold that a selection had been made and soon another survey committee would reasons for rejection of that city the high cost of land then go to hawaii 23 1251251.25 and 2502502.50 per square foot the difficulty of finding a plot of at least 100 acres which they felt would be the minimum possible for the plant desired by on wednesday july 21 1954 the first presidency made the longawaitedlong awaited and what they referred to as an environmental disadvantage created the announcement dr reuben 0 law dean college presence of great numbers of military personnel and the crewmen of passing of the of education of brigham 27 young university was named as the president of the new institution finllyfinally ships designated officially as a junior college consideration had been given the site of an unused naval hospital at aieaabea was an buildings it would seem that by this stage the problems of site and format would which described as excellent site but they felt that the have been resolved and law could get about the work of getting the school spread over too extensive an area and maintenance costs would be prohibitive established such however was not was in addition should a lease become available would be for shorttermshort term only the case and it evidently felt it navy necessary to repeat much of the same type of had been pursued so and provide for evacuation by khethe school on short notice should the effort that 2 concern by mention many times before another meeting was called by edward L clissold who had wish to reclaim the property considering the implied the been released as hawaii mission president by this time and had succeeded of environmental disadvantage I1 cannot believe the committee seriously ralph E woolley as president of the oahu stake those present at the stake entertained the thought of a school so close to pearl harbor naval base tabernacle in honolulu had an opportunity to express themselves and although

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35 the committeeconnit tee repeated most of the arguments that had been previously burton in january approved by the first presidency that same year the offered in behalf of laieslaicslales candidacy the availability of good land was lowlyinglow lying ground where the identified junior college was shown on the cited not only for the site of the institution itself but also the cu- master plan would be subject to tidal savedwavedwaves and instead the school should tiltivation possibilities necessary for the agricultural pursuits assumed be located in the foothills southward from the temple perhaps referring for the college furthermore an ample supply of underground water was to the area stretching from just behind temple view apartments along the available the committee also referred to the religious tradition and hill to the site of the new sewage treatment plant the spiritual atmosphere as reasons why laie might be consideredconsidered2929 the disadvantages of laie however were numerous as cited by the among the religious traditions referred to the committee mentioned committee although some of the objections seemed to overlap most serious the oftcitedoft cited prophecy of joseph F smith concerning the blessings which the committee felt was the distance from the main center of population would come to laie and its residents As a result the report stated obviously there were not enough students in laie to justify a college and leietslaietslaie is looked upon as a land of promise a gathering place for the saints the financial problems created by the need either to travel or to stay in in hawaii dormitories were regarded as excessive the committee drew an arc of 20 miles from laie and determined that only 25125 of the LDSLOS population of oahu the committees next sentence may come as a surprise to many however lived within that distance on the other hand a similar arc from kaneohe a study by president edward L clissold of prophecies and dedicatory prayers contained 95 of the LDSLOS population JO3 the absence of regular public on record in hawaii finds no reference to a college at laie 30 transportation in those ancient days before the bus would provide consider- able difficulties for students and parents not only from oahubahu but even more here we find a most interesting situation because at this point dr seriously for those from the neighbor islands basically because of the law and the survey committee are denying that there was ever a link between transportation dilemma dormitories would be necessary and would cost about elder mckays 1921 reference to a school of higher learning and the comm- 3000 per student if the report stated and I1 quote unity of laie there was indeed such a link but nothing had been said about it as near as I1 can determine at the time of laws survey in by locating the school near enough to honolulu his book however published in 1972 law makes several references to the so that even 100 students could live in their vision of the college that mckay experienced the day of the flagraisingflag raising own homes or the homes of relatives we would 7 february 1921 citing mckays diary as the source of the information 31 save in capital outlay alone approximately the fact is that his diary although describing the flagraisingflag raising in great 300000 A difference of 200 nondormitorynon dormitory detailcontainsdetail contains no reference to the idea of a college being located in this students would amount to approximately 600000 community it was elder samuel hurst who described the maui meeting mentioned which would probably offset the cost of land earlier and who mentioned elder mckays speaking of a college in laie but for a campus elsewhere and this without co- even he says nothing about the flagraisingflag raising vision that has since become part nsideration of the ailedadded costs to students living of our LDSLOS hawaii folklore it was president mckay himself who made the in the dormitories 3 definite and most positive link when he dedicated the land at the ground breaking for the new campus 12 february 1955 he stated on that occasion according to max moody LDSLOS partner of walkerwalkermoodymoody contractors estima- this is the beginning of the realization of a vision I1 saw thirtyfourthirty four years ted building costs would be from five to ten percent higher in laie than ago when one morning president hugh J cannon president E wesley smith on more accessible parts of the island although clissold admitted costs 38 others and I1 witnessed a flagraisingflag raisingr sing ceremony by students of the church would be higher he was less pessimistic than moody in this regard school here in hawaii in laie 202 the committee stated than in addition to the difficulties of distance another one of the religious traditions cited by the committee me- the related factor of isolation would inhibit enrollment As the report neared ntions a conference here in laie at which thorpe B isaacson then a counselor the end of the laie disadvantages the corresponding advantages of kaneohe to the presiding bishop reportedly spoke of a school in laie where people were soon made apparent several prominent citizens of honolulu including would come for their spiritual and academic education 33 president clissold members of the stake high council reportedly told members of the committee also told me of that same conference that they would send their children to the mainland before enrolling them in a boarding school in laie39 this reluctance did not extend to kaneoheKaneohe another advantage of laie again shared with kaneoheKane ohe was that the in some cases at least because their children could live at home and commute community was located near the sea im not sure why honolulu was denied that particular advantage however the seaside location would lend itself to the advantages given for kaneohe over laie were based primarily on the the study of marine life and also provide access to fishing opportunities which greater population base easier accessibility and the lower costs which this would enable the college to meet some of its food needs34needs 34 would provide more people could be served due to transportation facilities and fewer dormitories would be necessary because more students would be living nonnoo LDS as should college be located in the recommended location was not at home or with relatives local educators also recommended kaneohe the laie a Kaneo greater great advantages on the site idententified in the laie master plan drafted by architect harold site superior to laie kanecheskaneoheshes size offered 9 10 students especially girls would enjoy a greater opportunity for part time employment in kaneohe than they would in laie there would be lower immediately continued work on the survey report which had actually commenced costs for construction and maintenance of the school facilities repair before the committee left hawaii for the next week he kept two and som- and supply services would be much more readily available another reason etimes three secretaries busy and on friday september 3 the committee met perhaps more strategic than economicwaseconomic was that the catholic church had supposedly with BYU president ernest L ulluliwilkinsonUit kinson to go over the report in detail been negotiating for 100 acres in the kaneohe area for a school of their ten days later law completed the table of contents for the five copies own the report stated it seems unwise to place our school in comparatively he delivered the original to president mckays office and the other copies isolated laie while the other church establishes itself in the more desirable to wilkinson cottam and bennion joseph anderson secretary to the first and growing kaneohe 40 A school kaneohe more presidency told law he would call as soon as president mckay was able to rapidly district in could 45 easily meet the increasing educational needs of LDSLOS military personnel in the see him about the report islands who would find welaielale too far away to do them much good in what might be considered an attempt to neutralize laies chief economic asset with the annual general conference of the church scheduled for early the availability of landtheland the report stated that any agricultural facilities october the committee did not get to meet with president mckay until available at laie could just as easily be found in kaneohe and then asks almost november 4 although they had held a preliminary meeting with his counselor plaintively if the church did not now own the land at laie would we now buy stephen L richardsrichardson on october 26 according to laws diary president mckay land and build the school there the final advantage cited referred to a stated that the first presidency had definitely decided that the college recent dispute in rexburgredburgRexburg idaho when the general authorities of the church should be built at laie even though the survey admittedly showed many excellent proposed the removal of ricks college to the more populous idaho falls in reasons in support of the kaneohe area as a possible location nearer to order to avoid such a dilemma in years to come the committee stated that honolulu 446 in an oral history interview in 1980 he quoted pres mckay it is our hope that the college in hawaii will be built where we shall want saying were going to overrule you on one thing the college is really to it fifty and more years from now 41 be at laie and I1 know thats where the lord wants it and thats where it is going to be and as law concluded well that settled that there couldnt the committee recommended that the school be located in kaneoheKaneohe not as be any questionguestion about that 474 at the same time president mckay announced a compromise but as a place that offers more advantages and fewer disadvantages the decision to appoint a local advisory committee of edward L clissold than either of the others although president clissold was not a member of ralph E woolley and D arthur haycock with an additional member whom the the committee he had traveled many miles with them and as stake president three would select 484 was asked to sign the report he said he could not since he felt the school should be in laie rather than either kaneohe or honolulu 42 in the meantime law had kept busy while awaiting his appointment with the first presidency he visited all the other colleges in utah and traveled to in recalling the role of clissold several years later reuben 0D law rexburgredburgRexburg idaho to observe the operation of ricks college the other LDS remarked president clissold wanted it in laie but he was a good sport institution that might be somewhat comparable to that for which he was to be about taking us to all the other locations that we wanted to be taken to he responsible he also visited former hawaii mission presidents E wesley smith was president of the stake at the time and he didnt hesitate to indicate ernest nelson and castle H murphy and talked to anyone he felt could give him that he wanted it to be in laie but he was willing to help us in any of our information that might be helpful in his assignment especially clinton activities 43 soon after that probably in connection with october conference kanahele a laie educator then on exchange in provo he even found time to clissold happened to be in salt lake city again and visited president mckay work on the local welfare farm topping and loading sugar beets and also to 49 in his office he describes their conversation as follows revise some material he had prepared for a manual for the LDSLOS youth program november 12 1954 met president mckay and he had me come around behind his desk and sit in in law again with received a chair right by him he put his hands on my knees further counsel and instructions concerning budgets buildings and his he what about our school relationship with what mckay called the continuing advisory committee the said brother clissold name I1 said well the brethren came down and made a president also had two possible names for the college since the suggested report then he said thats right wheres by the survey committee had suffered the same fate as the suggested location kaneoheKaneohe I1 replied kaneoheKane ohe is over the pali from the first presidency requested that the advisory committee consider either honolulu about a minute he the church college of hawaii or possibly the church hawaii college would fifteenfifteenminute ride just be kept looking me I1 added president mckay acceptable at the first meeting of law and the committee church college at was I1 cant forget laie he slapped my kneeikneekneel I1 think of hawaii adopted as the name subsequently the was added and the I1 still have the mark on itandit and said good I1 church college of hawaii was to be the title for the next two decades thought you had gone along with them now we have although was now accepted as the home of the school the exact their report we appreciate&preciate it but the school laie will be in laie 44 location had still to be determined law arrived back in hawaii 22 november and went to work immediately one of the main items when what was by then known met on 24 november was provo sunday 29 august and as the continuing committee in laie consideration in the meantime laslawalaw arriaeriaerlrrivedbackved back in on of possible sites within the community on the day following the arrival of

6 n NOTES harold and douglas burton the father and son team of architects further discussions were held and on december 8 the decision was made at a meeting conversation with jerry lovelandLove tandland wiley swapp and joseph spurrier in laie the committee unanimously agreed to locate the buildings on the laie hawaii 26 april 1983 higher cane land south east of the temple and south of the village in other words where today they made s day 0 it is another significant decision that 2giorgegeorge brigham younyoungg 17 1865 19 november 1866 which a simultaneously small dash of pessimism and a generous dose nebeker to october and contained jesus day of optimism ralph woolley based on contracting experience archives historical department of the church of christ of latterlatterday his extensive R he and would saints salt lake city utah as cited in lanierlam er britsch historbistorhistoryy of tthe architect harold burton convinced the rest of the committee that it 1981 months prepare drawings and and latterlatterdayday saint church in the pacific unpublished manuscript in take four to six to adequately the blueprints p 9 to construct the buildings in any sort of economical manner before the summer authors possession chapter 8 of 1956 would be impossible the committee agreed that an explanatory letter 3 should be drafted which law and burton would then personally deliver to reuben D law the founding and early development of the church college president mckay of hawaii st george utah dixie college press 1972 p 29

on pres mckay 4 returning to the mainland law met with and J reuben darkdardoardclark 4edwardbedwardedward L clissold oral history interviewed by R lanier britsch concerning the recommendations of what by now was simply being called the 1976 typescript p 18 the james moyle oral history program archives continuing committee mckay was not happy about the proposed postponement historical department of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints law quotes him as saying oh weve waited too long already to establish salt lake city utah that college we must start this fall even if we have to start in temporary quarters before the day was over law telephoned clissold in honolulu and 5 discussed with hirthehimthehim the possibility of holding classes the first year in the special LDS school committee report to oahu stake presidency oahu stake tabernacle nd typewritten LawlawwoottonlawmoottonWootton papers archives brigham young university hawaii campus laie hawaii the tabernacle plan never materialized however and soon the continuing committee began looking elsewhere laws diary states that on march 9 1955 ggeorgegeorge 0 zabriskiezabnzaan skie acting recorder special LDS school committee he and clissold were looking at the old social hall and plantation store minutes of meeting held at oahu stake tabernacle honolulu hawaii 730 pm building in laie to see if they could be remodeled in a suitable manner they 13 july 1949 to discuss the problem of an LDS church school in hawaii also discussed the temporary use of the laie chapel in the meantime lillian typewritten archives BYU hawaii kondo of kapaakapac kauai became the first student to return her application ethel whitford now almodova became the registrar and the first to offer oral 7 acceptance of a position and librarian kenneth slack provided the first written interview with george 0 zabriskiezabnzaan skie honolulu hawaii 28 april 1983 acceptance special LDS school committee from april 1 to june 25 law was on the mainland during which time clissold had arranged for several war surplus buildings to be trucked to laie and 9 placed near the laie chapel as temporary quarters of the college lawaw appp 373837 38 10 now perhaps it was safe to say that the sitessitestemporarytemporary and permanent 10interviewinterview with fred E lunt honolulu hawaii 25 april 1983 and ruby had finally been determined the ground had been broken for the permanent enos laie hawaii 27 april 1983 campus and the buildings were on hand for the temporary campus the faculty of twenty had been hired the first years student body of 223 freshman 11 sophomores e interview with eldon morrell laie hawaii 16 february 1983 sodhomoressoohomoressoohomores and special students were still rollingenrolling90 and it looked as if school would open on time in september 1955 50 there were changed still 12 ahead many changesandchanges and frustrations and disappoinmentsdisappointments would be plentiful law p 38 still the site had been selected and that certainly was a start 13 13letterletter from ralph E woolleywooiWool tey arthur K parker fred E lunt edward L clissold and poe kekauoha to the first presidency nd lawwoottonLaw Wootton papers archives BYU hawaii

14deseret14 deseret news church section 11 july 1951

7 14 13 27 ibid p 46 15hilohikositoolley15woolleySitoWoolleyolley et aa1aa to the first presidency ibidibjd 29 16deseret16 deseret news ibid ibid appp 464746 47

1 301bidibid p 47 telephonetelephone interview with frank UW mcghie salt lake city utah 27 1983 mcghie he had recommended 31 april indicated in this conversation that llawilawblawlaw appp 25 33 56 kaneoheKane ohe although the other reports available from that period state that he had then recommended honolulu in a letter to the author 29 april 1983 32 1 address president david 0 mckay dedicatory he I with many thought the school should be nearer the center of service the church college stated others of hawaii groundbreakingGround breaking 12 february 1955 LawMLaw ootonWooton papers BYU of populationeitherpopulation eitherelther kaneohe or honolulu in our phone conversation mcghie lawwootonlawmooton archives hawaii described laie in 1951 as a sleepy little village which he felt inadequate 331bidibid to accomnodateaccommodate the school as planned 34 ibid 18the a by edward L he implication of friction is found in statement 35 clissold in law p 36 woolley et al to the first presidency and other proposed development plan laie oahubahu hawaii for zions securities informants who wish to remain anonymous when asked about this mcghie respon- corporation harold W burton architect map 12 january 1954 ded problems more between members and 1 I1 the existed other of the committee 36 just got caught in the middle telephone interview 27 april 1983 additional 369541954 survey report p 48 on mcghiesmcghieyMcG may be mem- information hies recommendations found in confidential 37 orandum of conference with frank mcghie held on july 19 1954 re junior ibid p 51 unsigned appears have been by college in hawaii although this to written 33 reuben D law and is found in his papers in byuhawaiiBYU hawaii archives however ibid no a mcghie on laws diary gives indication of conversation with that date 39 laws diary begins with his notification of his assignment 7 july 19541954. ibid on 16 he met D L july with drs harvey taylor ernest wilkinson millardwillard 40 E givens and wesley P lloyd all LDS educators with special knowledge or ibid p 56 on 19 memorandum interest in the project julythejuly the date of the confidential 41 the only entry concerns other matters entirely 41ibidibid p 57 42 4qaq p 19 19thethe church moves on the improvement era vY 54 p 9 september 1951 clissold oral history p 665 deseret news church section 5 sept 1951 43 reuben D law oral history interview by kenneth W baldridge 6 march 1980 OH 104 p 4 program BYU 20 typescript oh104 oral history hawaii 20woolleyWOolleyWo presidency oileyotley et al to the first 44 clissold oral history p 19 21lawlaw p 38 45 law diary 31 august 2 3 13 september 1954 22 46 wesley P lloyd to the first presidency 9 august 1952 lawwoottonLaw Wootton ibid 4 november 1954 papers BYU archives hawaii 47 law oral history p 5 laslaw p 39 48 law diary 4 november 1954 24 49 reuben 0 law clarence cottam kenneth S bennion report of survey ibid 30 september 4 676 7 12 october 10 11 november 1954 virtually pertaining to the new college in hawaii 3 sept 1954 owen J cook papers allail the subsequent material is from this same source BYU hawaii p 7 archives 50 enrollment figures law p 293 145 regular and 88 special students 25 list ibid p 32

261bidibid p 45

8 2

traincrain for california from which after a seven day voyage they arrived in honolulu november 9 1885 president joseph F smith and others met thedthenrhedrhenthemrhem in honolulu for the eight hourhorsebackhour horseback ride to laie thileuhliewhileI in laie HORSE SOLDIERS AND THE SPAULDING manuscript beesley did carpentry work and was made superintendent of the cane grind- HAWAIIAN missionary LIFE A CENTURY AGO ing by mid april he was serving as a proselyting missionary on the big island isaac fox born in 1850 served two missions in hawaii three years BY LANCLANCEE CHASE from may 1883 to april 1886 twentytwotwenty two months between june 1889 and february 1891 and in 1895 hereservedheservedserved with harvey harris cluff as as- sistant manager at iosepalosepaiokepa for fifteen months he married at least three recently the honolulu star bulletin ran a special issue a part of times his first wife died after only nine months of marriage the second which dealt with hawaii one hundred years ago called echoes of the 80s after eleven years one of foxes first activities after arriving in laie my paper deals with the same time frame but differs in its more limited on may 15 1883 was to work on the new meetinghouse the one most often and for us hopefully more interesting focus one limited primarily to pictured which stood for about thirty years where the temple now is and the mormon perspective and more specifically the view point of three after being moved down the hill burned down in 1941 the sugar mill was soldiers of christ here together during that same time fredrick in its half year down season when elder fox arrived for his first mis- beesley isaac fox and joseph F smith the geographic focus is fur- sion so he proselyterproselyted on kauai with an elder gardner he was a slight ther restricted primarily to laie with some side trips to honolulu man at one hundred fifty pounds and was so unfortunate as to lose his kauai hawaii andana even conneautConne aut ohio original teeth replacing them with a new set in honolulu before going the main sources of my study are fredrick beesleys own journal to proselyte on the big island in october of 1883 missing his family joseph F smiths biography written by his son joseph fielding smith greatly he also spelled rather poorly and of the three it was he who and a recent acquisition also in the joseph F smith learning resource appeared vrhavevohavehave the severest adjustment problems A lehi boy he was center a two volume holograph by isaac fox this last has been for me assigned to the centrifugals at the mill he played the guitar and led by far the most absorbing because of circumstances surrounding its ac the band and choir in laie the largest number of observations pertain- cuistionquistionquistion A descendant of fox came to laie in october last year with the ing to daily missionary life come from foxes journals of these three journals offering rex frandsen the opportunity to photocopy them of fox most exactly fits the description of horse soldier for like the others course rex was anxious to do so but the problem was after he did the the horse was his main means of transportation when one could be obtained development equipment broke andzind it was likely to be weeks before it could also fox was assigned responsibility for the hundreds of cattle on the be repaired rex had been told by the journals owner he must take them plantation in fact in addition to roundups branding and general with him when he returned to the mainland in two days not wanting to herding duties fox even conducted a cattle drive from laie to honolulu take chances I1 camped out in the LRC reading and writing furiously work- in februarvfebruary of 1885 where the animals were sold apparently to pay for ing for some thirteen hours and through two meals until the librarians band instruments asked me to leave so they could close up nevertheless despite the haste of the third horse soldier much more is known what may not be so and long hours and even a missed general conference broadcast I1 not only widely known however is that of all the church presidents joseph F made the deadline but it is only fair to admit I1 also listened as the smith is surely the one who must have best understood and loved the poly dodgers eliminated the giants from the 1982 pennant race BYU bombed nesians counselor to four prrphetsprophetsprcrphets before becoming one himself in 1901 el paso 51351 3 and I1 still completed over one hundred fifty four by six he spent more than six years in hawaii this son of joseph smiths note cards brother hyrum and teamster at ten years of age on the trek west in 1848 let me further identify for us these three horse soldiers of joseph F smith had an association with hawaii which spanned all but the my title most modern events in the history of the church here the earliest mis- fredrick beesley was born on january 13 1864 making him twenty sionary days the lanai gathering and gibson era the laie plantation one when he labored in hawaii his journal covers the period from october period and even intoinco the modern hawaii temple era he labored in 1885 to september 1886 like president george albert smith he was one hawaii for three years beginning as a fifteen year old presiding on of those challenged by the choice of mission or marriage or marriage maui molokai and hawaii before hehie was nineteen years of age he return- and mission the first decision made he wrestled with the second bees- ed when twentysixtwenty sixgix to participate in the excommunication of walter mur- ley decided to get help so he told former hawaiian missionary joseph H ray gibson and then served out the balance of 1864 as mission president dean about his list of pros and cons encrouagedencrouagedby by dean to take his before returning to sajt lake city in december of thatchatchadchac year again in wife he then made his two part proposal to nellie his finacefinfinaceefinaceyacee she february of 1885 president smith cametocame to hawaii this time on the under- took a day to decide before accepting half his proposal we can only ground to avoid arrest for plural marriage remaining until july of 1887 assume since the journal does not say and since hawaii had not yet become when he was forty eight during the time he was president of the church a vacation paradise that nellies affirmatively answer was to the re- he visited the hawaiian islands on four more occasions march 1909 may quest for her hand rather than the trip she took nearly a month to de- june 1915 when as joseph spurrier recentrecentlylv reported he dedicated land cide on the other half but four davsdays later the couple were endowed and narriedcarriedmarried in the logan temple on october 28 1885 the beesleysBee sleys left by 3 4

for the building of the temple without consulting the twelve or his one trip down this famous pali will convince thendhenthem of this un- counselors he came less than a year later in february of 1916 and dying factface finally just eighteen months before his death in november of 1918 no next she briefly recounts the story of the famous battle waged other prophet comes close to that length of cloecioetimecime spent in hawaii thoughchough here he was not the first president to have come here lorenzo snow came in at this particular point an iron railing has been erected as 1864 when he nearly drowned off lahaina while young joseph F smith the wind sweeps around this corner with sufficient force to blow a person watched from the safety of the vessel inio lahaina harbor over As one reads about these people of an earlier day a cautionary note we tookcookdook off our hats or fastened vails and scarfs over them and is essential racial bigotry and prejudice were acceptable social attit- around our necks every flying end was fastened up and with one hand udes among all societal levels in the nineteenth century one cannot clasped firmly around the anaarmawaawn of our little children they were divided help but be conscious of the deep prejudices of the age as he reads up we announced ourselves ready A few steps and jehew phew let me journals of the period what is more since my sources consist largely catch my breathbreachbreauh off tears my hat and escaped from its moorings it bangs of personal journals whose authors might not have guessed their obser- helplessly round my shoulders unable toco quite get away from its confin- vations would be read to large audiences we need to recognize that there ing safety pin clasp mothers bonnet crushes down over her left eye- may have been little attempt on the part of these diarists to protect brow and the corner of her scarf persistently remains in her right eye their subjects from frank direct and sometimes harsh comment we need it is a precious blessing the men are unable toco take their attention to recognize that the views expressed inthese journals represent only one from their own hats and satchels for skirts and polonnaisepolonnaise frisk races admittedly provincial and prejudicial attitudes and feelings merily with the roaring winds unmindful of the modest uses for which they were made and determined for once to have their own wild way someone shouts out a wish to wait and takecakenake one look at the lov- missionary LIFE eliest of lovely scenes spread out below but the word is to hurry hurry getting to this mission field in the eighties was a far cry from As you stand at the top of this steep precipice you can see al- the relatively abbreviated plane ride of today crossing the great most at your feet the road we must get down to the rough passage down deep in from seven to fourteen days with its inevitable seasickness has been dug out of the rocks zigzag fashion in order to get down at after a twentyfourtwenty four train ride to california brought the missionaries all few have the temerity to ride down this steep rocky pass although to honolulu they were then still as many as nine hours from their mis- one of our party is heard to remark that he has driven a twowheeledtwo wheeled sion homeheme we are indebted for his work to jacob F gates two time mis- buggy bothhothbochhoch up and down thischis same pali on a fonnerformer mission to these is- sionary to hawaii and in 19d519fl5 editor of an edition of the book of mormon lands whose wifes fame eclipsed his own this wife susa young gates is the one to return to the scene on the left rises a wall of rocks fern to whom we owe credit for an account of their trip over the pali in de- strewn and wild down below us yawns the awful looking gorge over cember of 1885 during his second mission elder gates wife bore him which the human bodies were once thrown in confusion it is now cover- three children while here of their thirteen susa young gates was the ed with a forgetful crown of moss and ferns to the left the rice and second daughter of BrighabrighambrighamyoungmYoungyoung later became a novelist teacher at sugar fields wave in undulating lines to the blue waters of the ocean brigham young academy temple worker and prominent leader in relief thatchatchac sometimes caress the shore with foamy ripples and anon beats out society as well as other womens organizations here is her account of the thunder of its wrath in huge swiftflyingswift flying waves miles along the her journey over the pali she was twentyninetwenty nine when she sent this account eastern coast of this island lay outstretched before us with white cot- off to the deseret news tages and the grass huts of the natives here and there among the fields the nnextext morning by the kindness of brother naau I1 had the little villages nestle here and there and away off to thechedhe right a huge extra comfort or riding to the top of the hill or pali in a two rock rises in thechedhenhe sea surfdashedsurf dashed and sombre but all this while we wheeled cart the rest all rode horseback the drive up nuuanu have been descending the rocks our limbs braced till our very knees valley is lovely beyond all description villas and cottages ache as we hurry down the mile long steep rocky slimy road embedded in tropical greens with dripping fountains and flowers at its foot we were actmetmccmec by tvodvotwo or three of our party who had of brilliant hues in riotous profusion line the roadside to gone on to kanichekaniohemaniche for the light wagon left there the night before the right and left rise abrupt mountain sides clothed with trees and now ensued a grave consultation who were the least able to ride and shrubs from base to top horseback thechedhe other 23 miles two or three of the ladlesladies bravely main- leaving the suburbs of honolulu tkthe road ascends through a tained theircheir ability to do so and the two or three elders who had had deep flowerstrewnflower strewn meadow until at last we all dismount at the theircheir first sad trial at horseback riding thetthatthalthacchalchet morning wisely and ma- summit and prepare to descend the pali nfully restrained their doubts as to their ability and patiently waited people living in peaceful ignorance aaau home in utah fancy two of the feeblest women folks of our party with the three chil- they have experienced winds vain fancy they have only dren and a good driver who was charged with the care of the dished known breezes and zephyrs wheel were seated in the wagon the rest mounted their pawing steeds and off we went

10 6

all went along pretty well for the first ten or fifteen miles who makes his bed catches one hundred fleas in his room fortunately everybody enjoying the beautiful scenery through which we travelled fox had by this time been told about scorpions earlier he found one one of our young elders created a deal of fun for us by the way in the meetinghouse organ he had taken apart and not knowing what it was in which he handledhishandled his unaccustomed reins ilowflownow lagging behind poking he poked his finger at it but such discomforts were not kept quiet oishisols by and weary he could give his animal a cut and away they went with fierce apparently for b1 november of 1885 work had begun on a new house for energy one hand on his hat the other either holding on the pommel or the missionaries resting behind him the beast unrestrained dashed up hill and down dale out in the field conditions could be at least as bad on the big till tired out when with startling suddenness down on the walk he canecame island at puleopuueo fox showed remarkable naivete when he again encountered again I1 dont thingsthingkchingk I1 was ever so forcibly reminded of john gilpins fleas the worst he had ailtfilt anywhere but another equally ubiquitous ride before the saddles grew very hare presently but the feminine insect he could only describe there is also large bugs like large portion as usual endured their sufferings without much fuss As there crickets in almost every house but in this there is hundreds crawling was only one side saddle and three ladies you will know they had their all over a person and the house stinks with them share in makahamagaha on hawaii they were involved in a very spiritual meeting we did not stopforstopfordstopscop for lunch but on and on we went past kahana but the branch presidents wife was leprous and he had taken her up into we we came at last to hauulagauula and found the little schooner on which we the mountains to try to heal her the elders thought by witchcraft had sent our luggage already arrived we stopped a few moments to see after the meeting the elders learned that the bed they had been sleep- the trunks unloaded and then away we went again ing in was her bed given the universal attitude toward hansens dis- laie baloomaloo was entered and passed and at last we saw the cluster ease in that day one can understand their squeamishness of white houses on the brow of a hill thatchatthacchac belongs to the white inhabi- certainly the local saints were not all in modern housing by 1884 tants of laie fox was exhausted from his work at the mill and was sleeping one satur- I1 thallshall not now attempt any description of laie we arrived day in february when elder cluff came into the room explaining that about four oclock in the afternoon having been nine hours on the president partridge wanted to administer to a native elder six of the thirtytwothirty twomiletwo milemlle road without stopping for rest or lunch brethren went to a low grass house with low doors and no windows they we were a tired sore sick lot of people when we at last found the inhabitant poor old in a low condition and speechless no walked into the mission house at laie and of our subsequent homesickhome sick relatives or family were about there was no one to attend fox report- ness and loneliness I1 forbear to speak suffice it to say in spite of ed the elderly saint had lain there ten days the elders built a fire all we felt to raise our hearts in humble gratitude to gadgudgod that he andpreparedand prepared a chicken boiling it and taking soup to feed him the had mercifully preserved us ailallali on our long journey and permitted us simple journal entry reads 10lo he was ded funeral held february 3 to arrive at the place where gods servant had called us to go to sun assist in the upbuilding of zion 1 the primitive conditions described in the case of the hawaiian elder stand in stark contrast to a fox journal entry one year to the day later when he rode to punaluupunalua to telephone honolulu for lime this LIVING conditions was the first mention of a telephone I1 encountered and it is clear the lines had not yet reached laie living conditions for the utah missionaries in the early and mid much as utah had its reformation in 1855561855 56 hawaii followed suit 1880s were less than ideal isaac fox in january of 1884 noted he in conjunction with the meetinghouse dedication on october 6 1883 wrote letters with gloves on his head tied up in a mosquito bar beds accompanying the dedication of this 6535 foot building 58 feet high could be protected from aosmosquitosmos quitos but the fleas punished the elders and capable of accooodatingaccomodatingaccommodating 550 saints were a large number of rebabrebap severely in his journal for january 10 1884 he wrote he dreamed he llsms in fact in the weeks prior to the dedication the teachers was meetings were long and lasted late as more and more cases of sin were out on a prary and attattactedattachedacted by a lot of ravening wolves and uncovered of course it is not only in laie that problems with sin oc- thought they war dareing the flesh of his bones and he curred nor did they all involved sexual transgression fox wrote that fought like a tigor or until it waakwoak me up and instedansted of wolfs while laboring with elder george cluff near waiahinu on hawaii in it was an army of about a thousand fleas more or less thay november of1883of 1883 the missionaries were overtaken by a woman who asked ware sucking the very life bloos from my poore brusedbruised and bleed- them many questions they in turn asked her whewherere she was from and ing body sometime I1 have to drop everything and just go like where bound she admitted to just being released from prison to a hound pup after clabber their query about why she was there she said she stole oranges what four nights later he writes with his pants off against fleas his room- church do vouyou belong to they asked the morman sic church she mate elder brim laughs when fox jumps up fronfrom the tablecablecabie as if shot dutbutout replied presumably the conversation had been in hawaiian for cluff iqflo1qq0 fleas biting is worse than being shot the following night brim then turned to fox and said ironically by their fruits shall veye on a looking in for A week know them stands naked chair his clclathsclothsoths fleas later conaapncommqn fox and woolley kill three scorpions at the mill and the hawaiian girl but in laieitselflaielale itself drunkenness and adultadulteryerverm were relatively comman joseph F smith made this the fosfotosforosfofotfor nss of several of his talks and with 7 commendable honesty admitted the problem was not confined to one race served within thirty minutes done as ordered or area describing theche damndammdamagee done to the church when one of its lead- president smith is not only present but shows his own sense of humor ers in salt lake city recently felifellfeil 3 one of his addresses on the sub- at a time when he might have been upset at a joke played by fox mail ject seemed to betouched couched off according to elder beesley by the no from home has always been of paramount importance to missionaries fox doubt annoying but considerably lesser sin of someone appropriating and returned from honolulu with the mail after an eight hour trip on february monopolizing lemon squeezers from the kitchen on sunday april 11 23 1885 to find all the brethren and sisters out in the yard playing president smith at the mission house spoke against undue familiarity with punch and grunt with the exception of president partridge of course the opposite sex and warned thatchatthacchac if such fraternization continued of- they were all watching for foxes return but he sneaked through a back fendingpartiesfending parties would be released and sent home in a particularly gate unsaddled and reached the house without being seen partridge and candid moment he discussed his relationship with his first wife cousin fox sorted the mail and the former called the group to come and get their levira smith he had brought to hawaii his second wife explaining that letters naturally they did not believe fox had returned and so went she refused to live with him because he bestowed too much attention on about their play fox wrote that he then told them through the door if her during the seven year marriage before he married julina lambson 4 thaychay did not think eny more of mail then thatchatthacchac that I1 would not bring thenchenthemchem there is also frequent mention of hearings confessions and rebaptisms eny next time then of all the runing I1 ever saw thay did it bro for instance on october 2 1883 there were 209 baptisms only 19 of joseph F smith came and shook my hand saying that was a real fox trick these new on october 4 250 had been rebaptized on octoberoct ober 5 58 more credit the future prophet for he like george ronneyromney and albert davis on saturday october 6 meetinghouse dedication day and occasion for the were very anxious to hear about conditions in utah since all were on the kings visit 9 more were rebaptized on sunday 5 more april of 1884 underground hiding from federal marshals after they finally opened their 4 women for adultery two men for being drunk A man stripped or priesth- mail they learned things were very gloomy ood since he wouldnt leave his wife who wouldnt leave her lover frequently the missionaries took sea baths and even constructed the wife would not live with her husband unless he would allow the other a hathbathhachbach house for the ladies in january of 1884 the sugar boiler gardner man to live with them he told the brethren he loved his wife too much had quite a scare during one such bachoachdachbathoath when elder J B meldrum in that to change 5 in all of this it appeared the standards were applied to age old joke of swimmers dived under him catching him by the foot gard- each race equally thoughchough in the matter of beverage there seemed some ner thinking he was being attacked by a shark he hollowed like a good discrepancy as well as in matters pertaining to dress and recreation at fellow wrote fox least in foxesjournalfoxes journal the haoleshables some of them anyway speak dis- the utah elders reported that of all the holidays the hawaiians made paraginglypa of the hawaiian drinking awa yet while fox and cluff are the most of sewnew years in the festivities preceding that holiday in 1883 laboring in the makahamagaha district on hawaii they pause at a chinese elders pack and this same gardner came to foxes house sereserenadingnading of coffee shop to drink a cup of coffee remember cluff is thirtyfourthirty four the singing I1 ever heard that beat thay sang in native I1 gave each of years old when the hawaiians and the utah missionaries of both sexes them a rusty pen and a shirt button to stop fox recorded enjoy a picnic at sacred falls in january of 1886 beesleys journal elder J SH gardner labored with fox and they were joined by presi- sounds a note of disapproval of the locals who take off nearly all their dent partridge for an escapade on kauai which would have been wonderful clothes and frolic in the pool the haoleshables simply watch only after recorded by a movie camera though a mission president and a thirtyfourthirty four the hawaiians leave do the brethren swinswim but on several other occasions year old missionary might want to govern who saw it the utahans takecake a boat out from shore in laie bay strip completely after brothers partridge gardner and I1 after breakfast took a ride to someone accidentally upsets the boat and frolic with as little in- the mountains for a ride and we had nice time when we got in the hibitionhibi tion as thechedhe hawaiiansHawaiians some of thischis fastidiousness aaymavmay have been mountains we was struc with amaismentamaiamassmentsment the sight was beautiful the due to concern for their garments but in others condescension seems oringe trees bannas and furnsturns of all kinds also waterfalls that the likely explanation was very nive but the best of the fun was runing with rocks and in the matter of frolfrolicingfrolickingicing generally the utah elders often watch sticks after wild turkeys and chickens brother gardner is very amusedly while the hawaiians carry on they seem to be surprised at the tall and he started down a hill after a flock of chickens and he spontaneous enjoyment the whooping and shouting of the local people as got to runing so fast thatchatchac he could not stop and he run over one occurs at a hukiiauhukilau in march of 1884 but life for the utah missionaries and could not stop to kill it and of all the steps I1 ever saw was not always staid and severe by any means elder fred beesleys he took them he appeared to tuch the gound about every rod we had journal does not make clear if president smith was at the table on april a good laugh at him the next thing was brother gardner and I1 go- fools day of 1886 but his fellow counselor in ththeche missionemission presidency ing down a steep hill to go to a waterfall and to get sum bannas albert W davis and president enoch farr were the cooks elder matthew but we paid for them climbing up and down througthrong the furns then noall and wife libbie had prepared for breakfast only one dish a huge we had several chaceschabes after turkiesturkins and chickens but we did not bowl of mush hungry elders bellseybeelsey and davis dig in and find the bowl get enny but we had a good time filled beneath the surface level of mush with rags they seem to have this rustic scene was near koloacoloa in september of 1883 as recorded in forgotten it is fast day thursday and the perpetrators of the hoopuni foxes journalj panipunip2ni figured it was a good day for their deception since no one should one of the prominent aspect of every missionarys life is the be eating anyway but presidentpresid entenc farr ordered oyster stew prepared and food he eats the food consumed bvby the iderselderseiderse in laielaleL ie was wonderfully

12 9 10 varied in addition to the oyster stew already mentioned itic included the years old my parents purchased a home in that reputed center place of customary fish and poi potatoes sweet and irish glavasguavas oranges mel- culture and refinement new england it later became an attractive and lons bread pudding mince pie limes bread beef lobster squid tur- comfortable home for our family but it is unlikely that it was a hot key chicken pork dog limu stuffed duck cakes pudding kukui nuts item on the market since the hobbs family who owned it kept goats chic- are all mentioned but out in the field both the food when they could kens and sheep among more domesticated animals inside the house with get it and the conditions in which they ate it tried their faith them furthermore I1 have in a major united state city home taughtcaught in frequently the utah elders gained back while on the planation that weight a house where the family dishes were lined up on the floor in front of they had lost in the field when fox first labored on kauai he was oc- the sink for cleaning piles of plates potspocsponspous pans silverware there casiocasionallynally appalled by the eating conditions in may of 1883 he aisemdisem they were in a neat rawrow the top ones allailaliallreadyalfreadyready for cleaning by the barked from the boat from honolulu and the meel they LDS who greeted familys animals laziness is not indigenous to any race the major hlahiahimlhimhimy were getting ready would have made a dog sick three days later difference between these hawaiian and mainland situations as I1 see it he found his companion elder gardner at makaweli and wrote he had been is that in the case of my race commonplace examples of acceptable hy- eating poi with maggots in it men with leprosy and dirt on their hands gienic conditions were the norm and access to these conditions was are mixing it the fish are cooked in the dirt and scales he said he readily at hand this was not quite so true for many of theuhe hawaiiansHawaii ans eats coconut whenever he can in july of 1883 he says theircheir living on it was not always so grim for the missionaries on hawaii as fox kauai has not been the best in the world sometimes squid sometimes makes clear with his account of honey gathering near papa on hawaii raw fish dried fish and no fish at all and glad to get that and enjoy written on october 23 18a31883 it to on the big island three months later laboring with elder cluff we had not gon far before the counclercoun cler which is noted for finding fox wonders when cluff gives thanks if hetieilelle meant what he said in novem- honey called to us and said he had found the bees and sure enough ber at kaumalumalu fox noted the woman of the house has just been feed- he had they was in a large hallow tree we cut the tree down ing he child and it almost makes me sick whenever I1 see them the way and went to work to get the honey this same man thatchatchac found theathemchem tha do thachadha take the food in thair mouth and spit it in the childs went to work chockingchopkingchop king into the tree where the bees entered with part mouchnouchmouth water the same one wonders how infants could be fed given rather of his body bare his hat of and bare feet and his shirt torncorn almost primitive conditions and no strained gerbers that sanesame night fox con- off his back he paid no attention tothe bees nor they they to him cludes the days account so I1 got brave and went to catching and eating the honey that was some of the saints came into spend the evening and the people are dropingdraping under the tree then brother cluff came and we all was having all great smokers from a child 10 years old and the house is a a nice time but presently one of the native boys that came with made small gras house with no windows chairs or table and ailallali of us a jump as though he had a strong that he was not wanted there and in thatthacchatchacchau small room with the tobacco smoke and thairchair natural smell looked felt around as though something had stuck to the hind part it was almost as much as I1 could bair of his britches then brother cluff madeblademede a despratedesdesperateprate jump into the fox was so upset by the conditions and food he apparently went without thicket ringing his hands and tairingdairing his hair and dancing the high- food for three days and the hawaiians thought he was about to die one land fling or some other fling all this time I1 was eateing honey of the sights which destroyed his appetite he described when I1 came and laughing at others cut up such capers just then an end was put back for breakfast the woman had just cleaned the baby she took a mouth- to my laugh I1T got my finger to close to the gable end of a bee and ful of water and skirtedspirted it on her hand and comencedcomencommencedced sturing the poi he gave me a gentle hint to take it away and so I1 did I1 thought if brother cluff looked at me and I1 at him but neither one spoke elder he wants that place wors than I1 did he could have it well by this fox seems to have thought he would die one way or the other but his time the native had got to the honey and a pritty sight it was to squeamishness at thatchatchalchau time made death by abstinence preferable this native took it out with his bare hands and the bees crawling all in december 1883 near makahamagaha hawaii the elders find all the members over his anasannsarms and he got stung once we got two bookersbooketsof honey of a tiny branch living under one roof he describes a couplewhethercouple whether and when we got to the house we hat a treet of kalo and honey LDS or not he does not say living together unmarried the boy is back in laie of course there was a much more socially conve- eighteen the girl eleven the house is 2016 feet one room made of ntional life for the elders one event is described in foxes journals grass which provides a further glimpse into life a hundred years ago this there was a lot of stufatuf thay make mats of in one corner two of theche account is of a local wedding october 25 1884 which includes some humor dogs tide in another and there uoekeisumekeis and saspans laying around but also just possibly a note of condescension on the part of this for the dogs to lick out 2 doors no window when breakfastbreadfastbreadfast was thirtyfourthirty four year old observer who misses his own wife intensely he writes ready to put out the man that cooked took an old gunny sack at the home of the bride was gathered quite a number of people both that looked as though it was the first one made and brushed the old and young male and female and after all ware ready thay formed floor for a tablecablecabiezabie cloth a procession with about20about 20 old women in leed all drest in white with I1 think it is important to inject a personal note at this point lest wrethswretha of ferns on there heads then came the bride and groom he had we who feel more identification with the white rather than the brown on black pants and coat white vest white neck tie and white kid peoples find our racist tendencies exacerbated when I1 was about terteotendendeo gloves she had on a white satin dress and slippers worth about 50 dis also a wreth of orange blossom and a white vale on her head next

13 12

in the procession was the brids maidmaldmaidimaldi and grooms men then a lot of up overoyer thedhe precipice is a beautiful water fall ofor about 200 feet girls and old women and old alai was the main one in the procession just under the fall is a very nice pond of water made by the falls this alai is a man and he always dressisdresses in womans cloths with rib- of course the place is sacred falls and the walk up while not difficult bons and flowers which makes him cut quite a swell and he is always is in rainy weather treacherous enough toco make many wonder if at least the with the woman this made up the procession with the exceptions of spirit of kamapuaaKamapuaa is still not lurking up there somewhere flags and banners thay marched from the home of the bride to the church where thay ware married and then returned to partakepertake of a THE SPAULDING manuscript sumptuous feast but while thay ware marching a shoureshogre of rain came along and gave themchem a which out of then quite drenching took the starch concluding paper concerns a whose de- we went and saw them and some the part of this figure story there dresse brethren tied together serves to be told in his words than foxes or beesleysBeesleys but unfortun- of thenthem went to the feast but I1 did not fox oct 25 1881884 rather one one ately these journal accounts remain closed joseph F smiths whereabouts of the most interesting parts of foxes journal is that is not was sense as a concerning before his arrival in laie for his third visit to the islands as m- true in the literal but rather piece of folklore the ysterious to as was mar who would a many us even when account was the missionaries it to the federal marshallsmarchallsshalls creation of place familiar to of this dearly have loved him he knew so much the 8 1884 was known a of renown to catch later since about written on october of it as place great for endowment church attempted 1 am a A house enemies of the to extort both secret the natives I referring here to large gulch called kaliuaa and from him during government hearings but between pig kamapuaaKama puaa was main sacred information called the character 1884 18911 he was on human was a god 1884andand 189 the underground travelling widely in the western this pig or rather part pig and part so the story name mr goes and he gulch our guide showed us spot where states under the of JF speight he finally arrived in honolulu goesandkoesgoesand lived in this the february 9 1885 had of the he lived as we went up the gulch which is quite wide at this point but there been considerable criticism first appers presidency for remaining on the underground rather than cominbcoiningcoming out serving gradually gets narrower and the mountains higher untill it like abdandaud open may have a two loom up their prison terms leading the church in the it been small crevice between perpendicular walls of rock that a made being a of as reaction to this that presipreslpresidentdent smith this statement about for hundreds of feet the king of this island sent lot his as quoted by november 15 1885 president kamapuaaKama puaa them though in hawaii beesley smith stated soldiers to fight but he proved too mutch for he would a be they caught him and but he broke loos and and thousand times rather suffer going to the penitentiary than tide his legs killed here only duty him to remain here as was thenlheachendheanhenthem one man and he escaped to the king who on hear- that required it considered ate ailallali but tell advisable by his of the priesthood to come was said to the ing this sent another armey so kamapuaaKamapuaa went farther up the gulch and brethren this we ware shown and was a utah missionaries in a study class in laie hid the spot where he hid while he hid coming president john was a was up a saw him and armey and the of the second counselor to taylor not native that on high mountain told the had made him kamapuaaKamapuaa him total secret in laie special preparations been for mission hollowed and tolled that he should never leave that spot and john on a and and he plantation president edward partridge wrote president taylor but should dumturncum into rock remain there forever there stands LI was day a very looking when armey came january 1885 that he disappointed president smith did not arrive to this curious rock well the on would par- him he and up thinking the last steamer as he had said he it almost appears thatchatthacchac after took his family went farther the gulch to wrong on 10 escape over when he came where gulch ends and tridge got the month for it is february that president smith the mountains but to the who as go up one was arrived in laie elder enoch farr is to replace partridge mission the walls are perpendicular he attempted to side but it 9 coming so shape a president rides up about PM to tell the partridges guests are to high he triedcrieddried another place that is in just like native no food presi- and vapaawapaa okamaokamapuaapuaa an the to visit sister partridge is upset there is in the house boat Is called the it is indentation in was put imagine and ap being hewed length dent partridge himself considerably out about it their sollid rock has the perinceapperince of out it is in when was a 200 on end and up on hind legs embarrassment they discovered their guest former missionary about feet and stands herearedhe reared his now among ggrouprouzoup waswa made a deep companion in the first presidency anahisandhis wife the dou and his back and escaped and while he stood there his feet a woman had he albert davis and mistakenly identified as president smiths ffirst indentation in the sollid rock after his family escaped turned wife and son on 12th men bound him also president farrs wife february the smiths back to fight with the kings but they overpowered and and by pounders way dispose sister farrs trunks arrived boat probably at both and while they were trying to deside in what they should wet and them president some wanted trunks were the clothing in spoiled while smith of him as wanted to kill him there and others to takecake spenespenc day on windward appears him would him very mutch spent his first the side returning to honolulu it hin to the king alive as they thought it please he knew spaulding them up one man ran and him unlikely yet about the manuscripts existence in hawaii he broke loos and ate all upbutupbuybutbuc and he told necessary and our memories con- kamapuaaKamapuaa up gulch it is at this point to digress refresh the kind osic what happened then went back the solomon solomon and climbed up joined family and cerning the spaulding story briefly told it is this that perpendicular mountain his spaulding was born 176117&1 lived in new york and ohio and for a time was friends and made his escape down the other side he then left the in got a presbyterian minister since heliheiihellheiiavowedhediahedlahedlaavowedavowed any belief in the divinity of island and went to hawaii to the volcano and faught with pali and 6 he and has the bible his ministerial life must have been difficultdifficult6difficulty tried his all his hair burned off he then left the islands entirely hand including of but appears to have never been heard of A to the right of where he went at several businesses that novelist since little been unsuccessful at anyang he died at 55 in 1816 when joseph smith jr was 14 13 1 only 11 nor does it seem likely he ever knew sidney rigdon as enemies rice it was never intended by mr E D howe and thosechose associated of the church claimed some timecimecline probably between 1809 and 1814 while with him thatchatchac it should ever be found burbucbun providence ruled thatchatchac it he was in conneautConne aut ohio some fifty miles eastease of kirtland he wrote should not be destroyed and that eventually it should be revealed to a narrative account of 175 pages about early settlers of america who the world thus exposing these hypocrites who prepared the story of emigrated from rome about 315 AD and were taken in by the delaware horNormocnormanismmonaonismnormonismmonism unveiled sic and their despicable methods of fighting indians there is no religious material in the story and the central the work of the lord which they endeavored to destroy 10 theme of the novel revolves around a romance between elseoreldeor and lamesa the manuscript must have been totally forgotten even after rice pur- spaulding in his preface to his novel entitled manuscript found claims chased the printing office of ED howe where it lay rice brought the to have found the manuscript in a stone box in a cave in northeastern contentcontentsofconcentcontentssofof the office to hawaii and only stumbledscumsnum bledbied on it during his search ohio the box reportedlyregortedlyreportedly contained 28 sheets of parchment written in for fairchilds materials while the whole story is much more complex ramanroman characters spaulding apparently attempted to publish the man- than space will allow to relate here these are the basic details of this uscript butbucbrutbruc was unsuccessful history when president joseph F smith comes on the scene I1 found it fascinating to compare modern accounts of the redis- on april 16188516 1885 presidents smith and farr are told by the 85 year covery of this manuscript with isaac faxesforces account some of which must old rice he will not sell them his manuscript for love or money he will have been told him by joseph F smith and which journal account most not let thenthemtham copy it nor sell them a copy foxes next journal entry per- later authors probably would not have seen the various sources when taining to the manuscript is for saturday may 2 and tells that brothers considered together suggest a related chain of events leading to the smith and farr returned from honolulu this evening having had the privi- rediscovery of the manuscript in hawaii first there was a debate in lege of reading two chapters of the spaulding story finding it to be very kirtland ohio from february 12 to march 8 1884 a four week period simple and that there is nothing in those chapters that agrees with the between the reverend C braden and E L kelley during which the spauld- book of mormon further reading of foxes journal convinces one that hav- ing manuscript was topic shortly after this james H fairchild presi- ing this notorious manuscript so close despicebespice rices hostility presi- dent of oberlin college located about 75 miles west of kirtland came to dent smith was unwilling to accept rices refusal to allow a copy to be hawaii and contacted mr LL rice at Punpunahoapunahouahou rice had been an anti- made thus on wednesday may 6 1885 fox ventwentwendwenc to the whitney home where slavery editor in ohio as well as state printer in columbus ohio and rice lived with his son in lavlaw and daughter the following is a brief fairchild had hoped to obtain some antiantislaveryslavery documents to be added to part of his account theuheche oberlin college library in looking through his collection rice he is 85 years old but carried hisbis age well I1 told him I1 had discovered spauldings manuscript this story of the discovery was heard that he had the manuscript of the spaulding story and that given by fairchild to the newspapers in the east from which the deseret I1 would like very much to see it he asked my name I1 told him news apparently obtained it president smith very likely read the utah and after a little conversation told me I1 could see them he took newspaper account here and on april 16 1885 he and president farr went me to his room gave a chair then turned to his trunk and cooktookdook out to rice asking to see the manuscript a package and handlinghandeinghandeing it to me said there it is just as it hase one other bit of information is important here in understanding the lade for over 40 years the pacedge was about 7 by 8 inches dune significance of this manuscript discovered in hawaii it involves one up in light brown paper tied with a toedoecoe string he then took it of the first apostates from the church doctor P hurlburt who was never untied the string and took the rapping paper off and handed me the a physician by training but was given the name by his parents who thus manuscriptaanmanascript talking the while about the time he had had it and said provided theichelnheitheirtherrcheirr seventh son with immediate status 9 hurlburt claimed to vouyou see it is of very ancient date the paper was cullerdbullerd very much have read spauldings manuscript and determined that spaulding wrote the byy time and certainly did show markes of age the paper was closely book of mormon he even went so far as to include in the first anti written on boath sides and deel of it had been marked out apperentlyappetently mormon book compiled by hurlburt but with the slightly more reputable by the writer I1 read a portion of the preface name E D howe attached to ic as author and entitled mormonistMonnonist unvailedunavailed ten days later fox records brothers smith and farr have again been to sic signed affidavitsaffaaffadavitsdavits signifying that manuscript found and the book of see rice and he promised to let them have a copy of the manuscript on mormon were authored by spaulding hurlburt seems to have been planning condition they would send hinhim 25 coppies and send 50 coppies to oberlin to publish manuscript found but discovered that examination of this text college and then return the coppy to him rice further told them he had by anyone of reasonable intelligence and objectivity would forever destroy already sent the original to oberlin thatrhalchalchatthacchac very day one other stipulation the notion thatchatnhacchadchac spaulding wrote the book of mormon nevertheless presi- was that the manuscript was to be published with its mistakes the men dent joseph F saithssmiths son joseph fielding smith himself the churches were instructed to call again that evening by which lunetimetunenune the contract tenth president andauthorand author of his fathers biography indicated in thatchatchad would be ready remembering that this was pre xerox and ditto machine book why the discovery of manuscript found was of such importance to the days the terms rice set were prohibitive probably exactly as intended church when one realizes that a sizable group of people some hostile to the church of all the lying attacks ever made upon the book of mormon and the were attempting to acquire the manuscript 11I1 when the brethren returned church this stands at the peak as the most stupendous it formed that evening rice toldcoldcoid them his daughter and son in law had forbidden to the basis of most of the attacks during all the years from 1834 to allow the mormons tohavetomohavehave the manuscript under any terms president smith therheche cinedinetimedime of the discovery of the manuscript in the possession of mr must then have used all his powers of persuasion for when he and farr de

1 S 5 parted they had the manuscript with permission to read it and return it in two weeks the next day fox wrote he had been copying scrieacriesorae of the manuscript the fact that he was writing the 55th to the 157h17th pages makes it clear the manuscript was divided up among several copyists including president and sister smith A day later fox recorded he was copying two more pages but shortly after he left on tour around oahubahu of course his endnotesENDNDTES leaving signified that the copying had been completed it turned out all thatchatchalchac copying was unnecessary due to the surprising friendship which de- veloped between rice and president smith shortly after president smith andrew jenson 7therhenhe hawaiian mission bound typescript returned the copy rice had loaned him the latter gave his copy to presi- dent seiththseiselsmithsmiselthsmich it was sent to salt lake city june 21 1885 printed and 6 vols unpaged library BYUHCBYU HC vol 3 Decdecemberenber 1 1885 returned toco rice as agreed since that time the manuscript has been available for sale to the public although until the last few years when jensonwenson november 20 1885 some handwriting analysts stirred up a brief resurrection of the spauldinespaulding authorship theory no one was much interested 3journaljournal beesley microfijpMicro BYUHCBYU HC A conclusion to the whole affair may never be written for opponents of frederick J microfumfUm library of the book of mormon soon drafted the idea of a second spaulding man- uscript of course much closer in style and content to the book of mormon entry for january 3 1886 president james H fairchild not himself a mormon recognized such oppos- ition and opponents would continue to arise his concluding account of the 4beesleyneesleybeesley entry for april 11 1886 affair is interesting some of the book of mormon must be other explanation of the origin sjournalSJojournal BYUHCBYU HC found if any explanation is required urnal of isaac fox microfilm library entry for april we who who wonder will be the ingenious fabricator will furnish the 1 1884 other explanation of the origin of the book of mormon for some Monnon doubtless of the conscienceless enemies of mormonismism will 6 consider that another subterfuge is required solomon spaulding the manuscript found 1885 p 142 this given the unfortunate necessity of using terms like enemiesandenemies and soldiers to describe christianity there is strong evidence the subjects of this microfilm reel is in the BYUHCBYU HC library under utah and the mormons paper much like us their descendentsdescendants were involved only in skirmishes which will conclude only after a great final conflict still more than a nforanforr 157177157 177 reel 11 162162. milleniummillennium away As the conflict continues until that time certainly the example us good admirable of these early horse soldiers will serve in melvin R brooks spaulding manuscript LDS encyclopedia stead reference p 475

8foxox entry for may 6 1885

john henry evans one hundred years of noinotmoimonismmotmonismmormonismnorMoiMoTmonism p 90 10joseph10joseph fielding smith life of joseph F smith p266 life of joseph F smith appp 26667266 67

16 polynesian ORIGINS AND migrations ASPECTS OF THE MORMON 2 VIEW AND contemporary scholarship by dr jerry K loveland harothhagoth has been presumed by some to be the hawaii loa of hawaiian the thesis of this paper is the latterlatterdayday saints view that the traditions and a book of mormon and american ancestor of the polynesian polynesians have ancestors from the americas can be supported by scientific people Moreomoreoververi more modern authorities that is authorities of the evidence however the same type of evidence indicates that the great bulk church has cited harothhagoth as an ancestor of the polynesiansPolyne sians Patriarchpatriarchialpatriarchicalial of the antecedents of this culture and of the polynesian people have their blessings that are conferred upon faithful latterlatterdayday saints have declared origins somewhere in asia harothhagoth by IDSLDS traditions an ancestor of the that polynesians are of the house of manasseh one of the children of polynesians and a book of mormon character cannot by scientific evidence joseph manasseh was the forefather of lehi the book of mormon prophet be linked with an known migration into or within polynesia incomplete and who migrated with his family from jerusalem to the american continent in frequently hazy polynesian traditions however do support the contention 600 BC that there was in prehistoric times a contact with poepledoeple who knew of the so much for the position of the church now what does modern biblical account of the patriarchs and the peoples of the old testament science have to say about the migration patterns of the people of polynesia this evidence however is controversial generally speaking scholars are agreed that there is a new world influence the argument presented here has nothing to do with a testimony of the in polynesia the question is how significant is this contact truthtruthfulnessfalness of the book of mormon or of the relationship of the polynesians there were four major cultural groups in the pacific islands prior to the house ofisraelof israel it is a latterlatterdayday saint truism that a testimony to the coming of the first europeans in the pacific during the age of the of the truths of the gospel is not based upon an scientific or humangeneratedhuman generated european discovery of the pacific which began in the lathl6th16th century these evidence were the australia aborigines among the most ancient inhabitants of the book of momon describes a man named harothhagoth who flourished about the the pacific islands carbon14carbon 14 dates place them in australia 35 to 40000 year 65 BC the bok of alma 6358635 8 describes this man in a few terse years ago they were also a very culturally diverse group and about verses 500 languages have been distinguished in australia melanesia 5 and it came to passthatpass that harothhagoth he being an exceedingly the islands to the norchnorthkorthmorth of australia and to the west of polynesia is the curious man therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship on the borders of the land bountiful most culturally diverse area in the world today there are literally by the land desolation and launched it forth into the west sea by the narrow neck which led into the land hundreds of languages spoken in melanesiainmelanesia over 700 in papua new guinea northward 6 and behold there were many of the nephitesNephites who did enter alone on the melanesian borders of polynesia there are local penetrations therein and did sail forth with much provisions and also many women and children and they took their course of polynesians in such places as antongontong jave renell and belona islands northward and thus ended the thirty and seventh year 7 and ih the thirty and eighth year this man built other ships anuta and others fiji which also borders melanesia and polynesia and the first ship did also return and many more people did enter into it and they also took much provisions is obviously under the influence of both melanesian and polynesian peoples and set out again to the land northward S and it came to pass that they were never heard of more and we suppose that they were drowned in the depths of the sea and it came to pass that one other ship also did sail forth and whither she did go we know not 17 4 and cultures in the eastern and coastal areas of01 fiji there are strong to be a plant of south american origin however some scientists insist polynesian influences while the peoples to the west and in the interior that it is just as likely that a group left polynesia sailed to the of the main island of viti levu are much more melanesian in appearance americas picked up a load of sweet potatoes and returned back to the language and culture to the north of melanesia lie the islands of pacific islands as it is that people migrated from the american continent micronesia there are eight or nine distinct cultural groups here into the pacific bringing with them the sweet potato to the east of micronesia and melanesia are the islands of the one of the interesting things about hagothsHagoths voyage or voyages is polynesian triangle an area that has as its three corners hawaii in that these were colonizing expeditions As the book of alma records the north easter island in the southeast and new zealand home of the man and women and children went into the ships with much provisions laorismaoris in the southwest unlike the other pacific island areas the these were obviously colonizing expeditions and they would certainly have various cultures in polynesia are variations on a central theme the taken with them a useful food product such as the sweet potato languages are very similar almost being dialects rather than distinct the linguistic evidence in polynesia is not too supportive of the languagesCosmo cosmologieslogies traditions legends and genealogies are all proposition that the portion of polynesian culture has its origins shared by all groups from polynesia again with local variations in the americas there are very few polynesian languageamericanlanguage american indian biological evidence used to be thought to be more conclusive about language cognates the most interestininteinterestinginaeresting and significant one of these is defining origins and migrations of people than it is presently contemporary probably kumala which in its various forms is the generic term in polynesia physical anthropologists tell us that things are not so simple as they for the sweet potato this also according to some is a quechua indian term once appeared to be the polynesians are apparently of at least two racial the quechua are people who live along the western shores of southamericasouth america groups the origins of which are not entirely obvious polynesians do other than this it appears very obvious that the polynesians shared the share bloodbloodgroupgroup afinitiesaffinities with american indians but the significance of original language that they spoke with other people who spoke the austro- this naymayaiaybelessmaybelessbeless than it once appeared to be there are stronger biological nesian language which is actually a family of languages austronesian afinitiesaffinities between polynesianspolynesiansslans and american indians than any other racial speaking people extend from the island of madagascar off the coast of africa groups but the closest aflnityafinityaminity between polynesians and any other racial through the indian ocean into malaya indonesia the philippines and across groups is with a people who live in the interior of indonesia in any the pacific as far as easter island austronesian speakers are also found event serologists advise us to use blood typing with caution other in china and in taiwan in the jumble of peoples and culture hatthat is factors such as disease may complicate the blood type situation melanesia austronesian speakers and non austronesian speakers live side nonthelessnonetheless it is a piece of evidence by side the strongest single piece of evidence linking polynesians with it would have beenmuchbeen muehmuch easier to trace the origins and migrations aboriginal1 americans is the sweet potato which etheoethno botanists declare of polynesia if they had had a written language which could record the

18 6 wheres and whys of their voyaging that they aidalddid travel great distance at of years after the first christian converts were made there he wrote this sea is evident the greatest single material achievement of the polynesian account which he discovered in tahiti people was in canoe building and navigation there is plenty of evidence A very generally received tahitian tradition is that the first both traditional and scientific to support the notion that there were human pair was made by taaroatamaroa the principal deity acknowledged by the tahitian nation on more than one occasion I11 have listened extensive voyages in prehistoric times that is prepreeuropeaneuropean times between to the details of the people respecting his work of creation they say that after taaroatamaroa had formed the world he created man the various islands areas As far as origins are concerned the traditions out of alareaararea red earth some relate that taaroatamaroa one day called for the man by name when he came he caused him to fall asleep are fragmentary and not too clear one of the problems with using these and that while he slept he took out one of his ivi or bones and with it made a woman whom he gave to the man as his wife and traditions is that it is highly possible and in some cases quite likely they became the progenitors of mankind 1 that the traditional evidence became mixed with more modern views in such the boy seaman will mariner who was captured andkeptand kept ashore in a way as to obscure the original traditions tonga for a number of years in the early 1800s was told of a story about in eastern polynesia there are a number of stories which tell of a man who murdered his younger brother and was then cursed by the tongan people traveling from place to place over long distances these stories god tangaloa tangaloa said talk about homelands such as Hawaiihawaiikiki or others that were the ancesteralancesteral put your canoes to sea and sail to the east to the great land which is there and take up your abode there be your skins jumpingoffjumping off points for these people in western polynesia particularly white like your minds for your minds are pure you shall be wise making axes and all riches whatsoever and shall have large in tonga or samoa there appeared to be no traditions of voyages or migra- canoes I1 will go myself and command the wind to blow from your land to tonga but they the tonga people shall not be able to tions from other areas rather these people affirmed that they began where go with you with their bad canoes they are at the present time these are autchautchonousonous theories that is tangaloa then spoke to the othersochers you shall be black because your minds are bad and shall be destitute you shall not be wise they do not claim to have come from someplace else rather they insist in useful things neither shall you go to the great land of your brothers how can you go with your bad canoes but your brothers they had their origins in samoa or in tonga shall come to tonga and trade with you as they please 2 of interest to latterlatterdayday saints would be accounts in polynesian in hawaii the congregationalist missionary sheldon dibble collected tradition that support the belief that polynesians and their ancestors a story in the 1830s about the character named waikelenuiaiku one of ten came from the ambameampriaaalaasluas during the bookboole of mormon period there are a number brothers and one daughter of such stories including a story from tahiti about analoaio adam and evelikeeve like the story of joseph is comparable to the story of waikelenuiaiku figure a hawaiian story of a man like joseph the son of jacob in the one of ten brothers and one daughter the children of haikuwaiku book of genesis one cain and abeltypeabel type story from tonga A few of these waikelenuiaiku was the favorite of his father but was despised will be cited here by his brothers who threw him into a pit the oldest brother drew the missionary scholar william ellis arrived in tahiti in 1816 him out of the pit and gave him to another man with instructions fifty years after its discovery by european explorers but only a couple to care for him waikelenuiaiku fled to a country governed by a king named kamahoalii where he was again imprisoned while in 19 7 8

this prison waikelenuiaiku told his prison companions to dream a tradition is fairly well stated in maori oral history which has the dreams and report them to him four of the prisoners dreamed early maoris leaving a homeland Hawaiihawaiikihawailklki and sailing for new zealand dreams which waikelenuiaiku interpreted he told the dreamers the term hawaii or its variations turns up in several places in polynesia to the firstthreefirst threechree dreams that they would die to the fourth hawaii in the presentdaypresent day hawaii and savaii in samoa the ancient name for dreamer he promised deliverance and life the dreams were ful- raiatea in french polynesia was according to some havaiihavaiki the name filled as waikelenuiaiku hadbad foretold the fourth dreamer cold also shows up in one marquesan story in which the people of hivalahivaoa sailed the king of waikelenuiaikus power to interpret dreams the to havaiihavaiki and back in a bamboo raft which have five levels two below king sent for him and made him chief in his kingdom 3 the water and three above these stories were not accepted without skepticism ellis said there are then traditions of the movement of people from place to regarding the adam and eve like story that this always appeared to me placehardlyplace hardly surprising considering the island character of polynesia to be a mere recital of the mosaic account of the creation which they migration accounts are more frequently found in eastern polynesia than have heard from some european and I1 never placed any reliance on it in western polynesia where autocthonousautochthonous theories are the rule our although they have repeatedly told me it was a tradition among them before question here though is whether we can find any tradition that suggests any foreigner arrived 4 an affinity with the harothhagoth account in the book of mormon any event that As far as the cain and abel story from tonga john martin who com- occurred 1600 years before the first europeans entered the pacific to piled mariners book says regarding this story note and record any polynesian traditions the answer here is yes mr mariner took particular pains to make inquiries respecting but in 1920 randyhandy recorded a marquesan tradition of a great double the above extraordinary story with a view to discover whether it was only a corrupted relation of the mosaic account and canoe the kaahuakaahea which sailed from hivalahivaoa east to tafiti the poly- he found that it was not universally known to the tonga people most of the chiefs and mataboolesmatabooles lesser chiefs often learned nesian word tafiti or tahiti designates a foreign place some explorers men were acquainted with it but the bulk of the people seemed totally ignorant of it this led him at first to suspect that left the vessel there while others returned randyshandys informant insisted the chiefs had obtained the leading facts from some of our modern missionaries and had interwoven it with their own thatchatchac the voyage was in the direction of the rising sun that is toward notions but the oldest men affirmed their positive belief that it was an ancient traditionary record and that it was founded south america not southwest toward the island of tahiti in truth 5 the most striking polynesian account of a harothhagoth like voyage is these are few of the interesting parallels with old testament that of hawaii loa or hawaii nui he is called hawaii loa or characters who would have been known to a book of mormon people we ke kowa i hawaii in themander fornanderFo story and hawaii nuinul in the kepelino will say more about the reliability of these accounts a bit later version monnonmormon tradition has it that hawaii loa and harothhagoth are the traditional migration accounts same person and IDSLDS temple records show them as being the same we might also expect to find accounts in polynesian traditions dealing with migrations of polynesian peoples from other places such 20 10 9

the hawaii loa story is a part of the kunuhonuakumuhonua legends referred to above from notes furnished him by the hawaiian historians kepelino and samuel A portion of fornanders account which he got from samuel kamakau and kamakau no other hawaiian tradition or legend refers to the hawaii loa kepelino follows account according to dorothy barrere who has written critically of hawaii loa or ke kowa i hawaii he was one of the four chil- these late 19th century biblicallikebiblical like traditions barerrebarerra accuses dren of ainaliainani ka lani hawaii loa and his brothers were born on the east coast of a country called ka aina kai melemeleMelemele kepelino and kamakau of creating the hawaii loa legend saying a kane the land of the yellow or handsomeorhandsome sea hawaii loa was a distindistinguiseddistinguishedguised man and noted for his fishing excursions which in the hawaii loa legendlegends s fornanderspomanders informants departed would occupy sometimes months sometimes the whole year during from biblicallyinspiredbiblically inspired tales and entered the realm of which time he would roam about the ocean in his big vessel pure invention in their attempts toco account for the peopling waa called also a ship he moku with his people his crew of the hawaiian islands kepelinos story as written in and his officers and navigators 1868 is a plausibly told legend but the embellishments and biographical material found in fornanderspomanders notes one time when they had thus been long out on the ocean makalii reveal the extent of the invention they also disclose a know- the principal navigator said to hawaii loa let us steer the ledge of pacific geography and of an ethnic relationship vessel in the direction of laoiao the eastern star the discoverer among polynesian peoples that were unknown to the hawaiians of land there is land to the eastward and here is a red before western contact and so could hardly have been incor- star hoku ula aldebaran to guide us and the land is there porated in an authentic tradition 7 in the direction of those big stars which resemble a bird barrere says that for kepelino the problem of accounting for the so they steered straight onward and arrived at the easternmost island they went ashore and found the country fertile peopling of hawaii had been a topic for discussion among those who wish and pleasant filled with awa coconut trees etc and hawaii loa the chief called that land after his own name here they to replace the older mythological traditions with the more modern and long and when was dwelt a time their vessel filled with food Q and with fish they returned to their native country with the credible account 8 barrere accuses kepelino and kamakau of intellectual firm intention to come back to hawaiinethawaii neinelnet ie here in hawaii which they preferred to their own country they had left their dishonesty and outright fabrication these tales she says were part of wives and children at home therefore they returned to fetch thenchenthemchemnhem an ongoing attempt by some hawaiians of that time introduce traditions and when they arrived at their own country and among their compatible to christian teachings 9 relations they were detained a long time before they set out again for hawaii the polynesians capacity for adaption has been noted in more at last hawaii loa started again accompanied by his wife and recent years alfred metraux in his study on easter island published a children and dwelt in hawaii and gave up all thought of ever returning to his native land he was accompanied also in this few years ago declares that voyage by a great multitude of people steerssteersmansteersmenmen navigators shipbuilders and this and that sort of people hawaii loa the natives who are still acquainted with their folk litera- was chief of all this people and he alone brought his wife and ture have no scruples about introducing new details gained came women hence whom children all the others singly without 6 from visitors with they have discussed their islands hawaii loa is called the special progenitor of this nation past lavachertyLavacherty and I1 have our easter island friends an account of their ancestors behavior towards the first voyagers A problem with these traditional accounts is that they were recorded who landed on the island I1 was greatly surprised to find later that details the easter islanders had learned from in the postposteuropeaneuropean period some of them were actually not written us or from other travellerstravellers had slipped into the modernaddea versions of these tales 100 until almost a century after the arrival of the first europeans for example the hawaii loa story which is certainly suggestive of the harothhagoth account is part of a collection written by abraham fornander which he tookcook 21 12 11

the fact of course that these legendary accounts are under sus- game areaze not those who support the settlement of polynesia by a book of picion does not mean that they are therefore false or that they do not mormon people it is unlikely that science can either prove or dis- have some relationship with genuine traditions which had its origins approve LDS beliefs about a book of monnonmormon people settling in polynesia in a common tradition carried by people initially from jerusalem to the may I1 suggest in concluding that it does not matter we have our americasAnericas and then to the pacific what we are simply saying here is that faith and what is most important is not where the peoples of polynesia all of these things perhaps are not to be taken at face value came from but rather where they are going current explanations of polynesian origins and migrations suggest FOOTNOTES as has been said that the bulk of the people and of the cultures have their origins somewhere in asia but that for a certainty there was a my position on the relationship of traditional beliefs and the south american contact archeological evidence suggests that western harothhagoth account is developed more fully in my article harothhagoth and the polynesia that is fiji tonga samoa were the first settled areas of polynesian tradition brigham young university studies 17 autumn 1976 polynesia fiji seem to been peopled by at least by 1300 BC samoa 597359 73 A summary of the theories of polynesian origins is found in a and tonga by 1100 BC there appears then to have been migration from chapter by alan howard polynesian origins and migrations A review of two western polynesia into the Marquemarquesasmarquesansas islands and from thence to eastern centuries of speculation and theory in a 1967 bernice P bishop museum polynesia in about AD 300 from here according to the evidence we have publication polynesian culture history lW to this date easter island was inhabited by AD 400 hawaii by AD 500 lwilliamawilliamilliamwilliam ellis polynesian researches polynesia 1831 reprint ed rutland vt and tokyo charles E tuttle 1969 p 110 the society island by AD 600 and new zealand by A D 800 these dates 2iiiliiwillwiliwiilill mariner an account of the natives of the tonga islands of course are tentative and as more archeological evidence is obtained compiled from the communications of W mariner by john martin 2 vols london constable 1827 2112112112132112 1113 may indicate an even earlier settling of these areas it 3sheldonheldon dibble A history of the sandwich islands honolulu thomas conclusion for mormons the relationship of the polynesian peoples G thrum 1909 p 18I1 with the house of israel is an unquestioned fact it is however based 41bidbid 51bid upon faith and not upon the wisdom of man to rely upon questionable bid p 113 tabraham6abraham evidence from questionable sources to support by scientific evidence abraham fornander fornander collection of hawaiian antiquities and folklorefolk lore memoirs of the bernice P bishop museum vol 6 honolulu that the peoples of polynesia came from the americas is perhaps unwise 191919201919 1920 p 278 7 such information is better based upon faith to utilize the reasoning of dorothy barerrebarerraBarerre the kumuhonua legendsLeRends A study of late century hawaiian stories ofot creation and origins pacific anthropological man to support ones position in this connection means that we must play records number 3 honolulu departmentdepa tmentament of anthropology bernice P bishop museum 1969 p 38 the game by different set of rules at the moment the winners in the 8 8ldaldibid p 37 91bidbid p 2 2 2 1oalfredalfred metraux easter island new york oxford university press 1957 p 229 statistical GROWTH OF THE LDSLOS CHURCH IN SAMOA AND TONGA achieved with the awarding of contracts to construct three chapels by private contractor the first contracted meetinghouses in tonga it by is hoped that eventually all church construction in tonga will be done glenn Y M lung by private contractors as is practiced in the united states projection for 1983 construction is eighteen new buildings costing a total of in response to invitation I1 am pleased to present a brief update of the LDSLOS churchs growth in samoa and tonga as a sequel to my paper 2400000 last april significant changes have occurred in the missionary suc- A mark of spiritual maturity is qualifying for dedication of cesses of both countries as well as the construction of church meeting meetinghousesmeeting houses here tonga scores highly with 70 of their 76 permanent houses there church programs have been upgraded and membership con- meetinghouses dedicated two of the remain six are still in construc- tinues to grow at a rapid clip one interesting change was the trans- tion and the other four are merely waiting for all expense bills to ferring of translation services from samoa and tonga to salt lake city be received and paid perhaps the most exciting development in both countries is the an interesting aspect of life in tonga is a law which prohibits construction of their own temples both temples are of the 12500 businesses from operating on sundays everything is closed on sunday square feet size and of similar design both were started at about including the airport that law together with the faithfulness of the same time both will have open houses shortly followed by dedi- tongan saints produced an average sacrament meeting attendance of cation this summer both are expected to have adjacent genealogy over 53 for the whole country for 1982 this compares favorably with service centers which will receive the name extraction cards from sur- the 45 average attendance in hawaii for the same period in my last rounding stakes and process them into computerized name slips for use visit to tonga last november I1 attended a ward where over 90 of the in the temple both have generated tremendous spiritual uplift and members were present anticipation as temple blessings approach reality SAMOA TONGA samoa likewise made commendable growth progress in 1982 their church membership grew from 36513 to 38096 or a 4 increase partly hurricane isaac which wreaked such terrible destruction such as due to good publicity generated by the temple construction convert over 90 of the homes in the haapai islands was also a blessing As baptisms increased gratifyingly from 1313 to 1648 this was a 26 is so often the case in disaster it brought out some of the best in increase however one of samoas concerns is the migration of citi- human behavior and demonstrated the great strength of the LOSLDS church zens to other countries there are probably more samoans now in new immediately it was noticeable that except for minor roof damage not zealand than there are in samoa hawaii and utah also have large oneldsonelda chapel was destroyed they were quickly repaired and used as groups of Sasamoanssammansmoans temporary shelters for nonmembersnon members as well as members the church quickly allocated over a million dollars of relief funds plus large in church construction samoa ran into a roadblock when church commodity shipments which were distributed through normal church pro- headquarters announced the tithing faithfulness requirement for co- cedure members were expected to work in return for the church assista- stnstruction samoa has a long history of poor reporting indevelundevelundevelopedapedoped nce rendered with help from the presiding bishoprics office many transportation and communications facilities impede priesthood leaders small simple new homes were built for the saints the whole population in training clerks to make accurate and timely reports many church was so impressed by the church members and the welfare program that units became discouraged and made little attempt to submit the required missionary work surged forth notwithstanding a new reduction in ser- reports to church headquarters these reports became the prime requ- vice for tonga missionaries from 18 months down to 12 months under the isites to qualify for chapel construction under the new program and able leadership of mission president pita hopoateHo poate convert baptisms since then only one of their eleven stakes had been able to qualify for skyrocketed spectacularly from 1583 in 1981 to 2787 in 1982 that new construction this past week however four new stakes have just was an increase of 82 accordingly church membership rose by 22 over qualified consequently no new projects were begun in 1982 and only 1981 from 23795 to 29098 in the next month or two two new stakes about 119000 was expended on repairs and minor renovations of their are scheduled to be created in tonga 1982 2000000 construction budget the presiding bishoprics office with faith in samoas ability to resolve their problem has budgeted in physical facilities tonga made notable progress at the out- almost a million for new projects in samoa in 1983 set of 1982 they were able to implement the full church operations and dollars maintenance program as practiced in the united states that is respo- like tonga samoa has been successful in dedicating their chapels sibinsibilitylity and administration of chapel maintenance passed from the paid sixtythreesixty three of their seventythreeseventy three are dedicated two of the remaining employees of the presiding bishopricbishopricss office to the unpaid physical ten are still in construction and the other ahtghtfehtfght are awaiting financial facilities representatives PFR called by stake presidents closing when the tithing faithfulness program for construction was announced in the pesegapenega village of western samoa the LOS church has a large in april of 1982 all seven stakes in tonga met the requirements piece of porpertypor perty in excess of 125 acres this property serves as the meetinghouse construction surged forth with eight new buildings costing campus and faculty housing of the church college of western samoa and a total of about 2330000 at the end of 1982 a new milestone was as headquarters for the samoa mission the church education system and the presiding bishoprics office now to be located there are the

23 samoa temple and visitors center this whole complex has been masterplannedmaster planned for all its new uses and is on the verge of extensive changes expected to cost aboutsabout2about 2 millionmill ion it will then truly become the hub of all mormon activities in samoa A stagnant economy coupled with a high rising rate of inflation will continue to feed the samoan exodus those who leave to further their education have little if any employment incentives to return to their homeland still there continues among her displaced sons and daughters to be a strong attachment to the mother country they strive to preserve their culture and to stay close to the church the LDS church in samoa probably is the brightest hope for these people

SUMMARY with all their problems and undeveloped condition there is definite economic progress in both countries tonga now sports paved roads on their main thoroughfares and more widespread tele- phones samoa has developed to the point where many services which the church had to provide for itself can now be contracted such as chapel construction manufacture of building bl ocks vehicle main- tetenancenance and joinery products the saints in these countries are likewise maturing spiritually their high levels of church activity and great missionary successes stand as beacon lights to all the church they continue to rank first and second among all itnernational countries in the ratio of LDS to the population jesus said to his disciples go ye therefore an d teach all nations baptizing them in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy ghost that is happening in samoa and tonga

24 PAGBPAGEpace 2

voyaging polynesianpolyneeians also have to depend onOB the winds andmadwad currents ofif course they would ORMUORIBDI or cheTHE polnsslaxspoixiesums tsetee I1 attended ana interesting lecture at hethe bishop moseonmoseun on narchnerchmarchmerchanarch 25 1982 Yosiyorihikoyosihikohiko it peakapeakspeak PRESERMFBESBKTED BY s eurtKUBT BICHTBBRICHTXR to listen to dr sinoto paak XM f boatboutboubabout xlxquesenmuqueoan and tahititahitianan prehistory hiseimelmhi whole peperpaper except for amone part supported the asiatic oceania origin theory the meoneome part support theory proved whoho areaz the polynesianpolynesiampolynesiansPolynesiamsiansglaasglane wudewheremure did they camcowcom from how that didatdidnt the calcol froe diddilidill the opposite of what sinoto waswama trying prove they comecoma why did they comscome when did they camcom theaethesechese dr to arbareszeazeaxe just a& few of the questions people have that asked over gajaGRJA wasmasmaa the years concerning the origin of the polynesiansPolynesians dr sinoto eaidarja that a fellowfollow scientist me working with a coupcomputercompsterukeruber and cesceecaecancam up with aonenonemome very interesting resultsreezweuitaulta many interesting answers have been given to these questions the end result of thisthiakhia work showed that no ship betnetnotbeb adrift sobasoesomsSOBSSOM are that the polynesians are froefromtromtuom a loatalost would travel eastward dalbaldotbutdabbab that ships set adrift would travel lost continent vestveetwestweet north and south with aaseease given & that they coascosacosecomecogs frofroefrom egypt greece or peru or that they arearvazeame a certain starting the east point showed that ships condcouldconidcona travel anywhere meoneemonsmeangemongamong the lost tribes of israel the ost widely accepted ardsndandabd polynesianPolyne it miao showed taught meeanswerwar isin that the polynesians originated fron asiatic alaneiannian lalandsislands the results aisoalsoalao four starting oceaniamer points onOB the veatveetvastwestweat coast of the americanAaeaaaamarican continent these starting points were in northern california mexionmexiooyamico central panama & look america and the kidsouthkid south american coast area the letsleteits take a at the asiatic oceania origin theory I1 mexico bno blow myy hmwajign california and starting points brobroughttight the ships to call this the big theory because henellhawaii aa history two teacher kapiolanikapNap Comcomamitycomity hawaii while the other starting points brought the ships at iolani Conconityamityity college told his class that to the polynesian the asiatic people wereweze blown off course by big storm and other islands in the south landed in the polynesian islands sowsoresone sol of these people that sveneven with new proof origin were blown off course taledlaledlalandedlaudedtedled in the tongantongen islands about this relatively of the of the 1500 BC according polynesiansPolyne sians the scientists attill stand behind the asiatic to the theory shortly after arriving in theory tansatongatongs sonsaonenoneSOBS of these people sailed anon to semossamossamoa in about oceania origin IOAD & group people toothbooth senoasamos load a of aftafrox both tongatongs and senos amareaze saidsaldM sownowmow to have thosethobe adandaftaand marquesanmarquesas lotsleteiataiota look at another proof asan to the origin of the poly left lelialletislandslalandslalanda sailed to the karquemsMarquesessassea islandislands ne letslats which fronprosprom the Narmermeznarquesesnarquesasqueses amsmobsSOBSsomsoms oaon sians what about the genealogies and legends points traveled to the society islands polynesianpolynesians canscacane from tahiti while others went to basterseatereesterstar islandlaland repsrapabaparaps nuikuisminuj the to the fact that the froe the american conti- big blow theory gobagoes onOB sayatereter ti was nent did the scientists forget about thawthesekhaw proofs of origin boeaboba9008 to that it not until sone no time between 500ad and 750ad that MarquyarquesanmarquesanmarquesaaYArquesanbanadanaesaa voyagers dis- they didnt forget or overlook these piecepieces of evidence covered and settled in hawaii while the muquesansywmueeena were but feel that language and a few piecepieces of pottery isin stronger supposedly discovering hawaiikawall the tahitians set sail dis-diadladin evidence in shavingshowing where the polynesians calcelcam froefrom sososomoso of covered sewnowmewyewyow zealand and becanebecame known asan the anorismaorismnoris the lastlantlent the scientistscientists say that the genealogies and stories are just migration according to the theory took place boesometimeaoebom be- lexandlegends and areazeaxe therefore valuelessvalveless in their proof of the origin grationsi etise polyneeiansPolyne however say tween 1000ad and 1250ad when the Tahititahitiansaebeunamb are believed to of the polynesiansalenssiansalena other scientistscientists that since have gratednitratedninigratedi to hawaii the polynesians had no forfazfozfareroceromm of writing they had to meuseume chants to preserve their genealogies and histories AsA you can see Isin this how the polynesian ralislandsimi adsnds were settled can the the scientistscientists cant evawlmev agree on this point big slowblow theory stand up underund fire letsintalaks find out by looking at a aapnapnepmap of the pacific omanoceanogan the church of jesue christ of latterlatterdayday saints believe differ- ently fronfromsroncrom the ajamajorityajority of the scientists concerning the genealogieslogi parpan instance genealogy according to thisULU napmap and every other aapnapnepmap you look at if the farfor the contained in the people had comacome froat would kumaipokuaulipo creation chestchantchaatchaetchaelchank isin recognizedrecognised an authentic by the troa asiatic oceania they have been cemcwm traveling against both the winds and ocean cumcurrentsantsenta since the church and heshasheaha been cleared for ordinance work in the teeplestenplestexplespisstwaTenTextwxples prevailing winds and currentscurcuztentarentatenka a counterclockwise travel in kvasupokuaulipoKvAsUpo known kumahomasKumahomashomus genea- direction below the equator and a clockwise direction above letsiatalatalebslabs look at the also asa the the equator wouldnt be logical for the people to logy this genealogy elartstartstartsewart with adamhemm and endendsenda with kahakahe have conecomscome fromtrom it ahebheehaashanahenehe IV there isie boreorbowbognow controcontroversyverey burbuzoursurrounding this genealogy troe the american continent to answer this lates axe two look again sapwapmap pacific omenomanoceanocsan show lets becamebecause it isin iacoeincompletepletepiwka there kreareaze tv periods during which at the of the onan and the routes aze veryvezy good an of soasnowsonsnom of the great explarseexplozee magelloniMagelloniiansions 1519152211519 15221 drakedrakes there are no records belbetbutbekbwl there aream vbry explanations as 151577 158015801 quelquairossqueiroelQueiQuairoeldoesrossmoelzoss 1605160551 tussaihussai 1642 164316431 cookicooks 1768 to why this isin so 4 1771 1772 17751773 1776 1779 AS you chart the paths of each of thelthemthese explorers you can see that they followed the the first period of tigtim during which there are no recordrecords direction of the prevailprevailinglaging winds and currents they had to is between ftfknasseh and lehi between thesetheaetheme two great ebneensonmenwon for they didnt have any source of power to novemove their ships there are eleven hundred years or approxiaatelyapproximately 44 genera- other than the winds and currents if these rensenaenmen had to depend tions being that 25 years isin the accepted I1 r of years on thesetheaetheme sources of power to ovaovemove their ships would not the between generations which are unaccounted for this period 25 P 3 yme 4 of tinatinetibeblaeblaatime can be broken down into tirotwotigo timetima periods thecheDM first coastal indiana aalaaianiand physical Tidewideevidencenceoceoca period covers the four hundred years that israel was heldheidhold in tlde ume 11 captivity in egypt during that useblaeblabtimeumb no genealogies were it isie knomkaowakanom that hawaiiloahawaiialiall loalom ailedkliedsailed north with makaliiNakmakmilimill ratarakakatamata kept soeo it is saldsaidskidid except in the tribe of judah the second riki a very famous arnnstearman aadandmad esveneeveaseven otterotherothee famousaliisteers period of seven hundred years weswaswea duringdaring the tilltimstime when lenelismelisrael aennanmennammem the sorthnorthsoethnorthern californiatrnnindianindians henhavhwnhavehameheme soassomssome interesting lived under the judges and kings of israel whoho ersarserewerewarswaze in tradition about a shirahirhipship tandilanditandllanding marmez paatpxatpresent day crescent almost every instance of the lineage of daviadeviddaviddwvid through judah city california about the sambsameamme period of tiatimtime that hawaii losloaloeioa and party met1 mailamilamli wherewhom 1 1 hishiahiehla abt milmiiail Isin this whonwhen hawaiiloacanaiihanaiihawaii loaioa first we find the lineageI I ne of Jjanjudahaan4 h in the bible thetha lineage of landed the possibility of hiahlahkahim landllandylanding there iain very strong ishilahilahllohi back to Yanameh ieJA not to be found in oarouroun sidstdidstnidet fartarforfoztauroz asan you illwinwih me it isie anon the brbrams plates talked of in the book of yawman lil though this lineage isin lingmissing mmnow wee shall knonknow what it isin onOB the table land of point st george nednodnearnowneazmear crescent city sometimssomesomasometimestimstlam in the future and thanthenkhen well be able to fill in the california isin found aaan lasene bed of mussel shells and belnesaingng animal boneshomes the traditions of the indians living in the area aaeaarsaweaaramansays that the people whoho created this bed of shells and the second period of tinetime daringduringduning nidiwhichnemy wee have no genealogical bones weremezewazewezemerw ailedcalled the seven hchgateshobgatee notice the similarityalaisinilarity records covers a 565 yelyeuyear period or about 23 generations between hohgateshobgsteshobHohsebengates and harothragothhagoth Is there any aimingmeaning in this between nephi and notaiinotariiiiili 11111 loalom1 themthese records had been kept I1 think sono another proof of the origin of the polyne batbutbuk the coon people did not haxehavehewe access to thekhekhene records sians aadandaeaama thisitsproof become stronger as we continue looking when the people settled in polynesia this inforbationinformation waawasweeweswea at this legeaiI1 of the imiansinamms lost to thebbheathemkhem except farforfanfoz the important people these aimingbiasing generations though missing at this timeelme will surface in the the seven hobhohgateshchgatesHohgates areazeaxe saidbaldbaidamid to have speetspentop st oatostmoatmost of their tinebinetimewine future and then all the generations hallheilheiishallwhellwheil beinhelnhainbe in their right hunting aniand fishing in obvious preparation for another ocean place again voyage for they had1 alved whonwharewherewhom they were in a ship onsone day according to the tradition they went fishing and har- during this 565563 yearf period there is meoosons naesusesusee Bentiomentionednedoedded pooned a& giant sea lion at a& high rate of paedpeedspend the ammam lion along with his descendants in the genealogy records that I1 dragged the ship toward a whirlpool at the edge of the researched this personapersons nanename was opukahowappukahoaaa whirlpool the rope broke aadand a& great whirlwind weptswept the boat out of the water the tradition goes anon to say nevermore why was the neasnamenems opukahowaopukahooea ibportantimportantimpwtant to the people opakaopuka on earth were the hohgateskohgateshobkobHohKohgatebgates lenmenseenawenswem but ehenkhentharetherethemthake akeareazeaxe seven stars in bonushonmahomus isin known to have been borahornbornbazabozahorm about 263bc2 he lived in heaven that all abnaennenmenmem know of and khanthawthasethesewhankhasa stars akeareazeaceaxe the seven the land of nephi ehmshebshem aniah left the lend of nephi beeamsee hohgateshohgstmHohsebasgates that amonee lived where the great halihellhailshellahall bed neernear omalqaniomni 12 book of m r 0 it isin believed that opukahonusopukahonua crescent city amnownom is stayed behind and then later fled with others froefromsrom south americaAwericaaricaedica about 20obc20qbc it isin interesting to note hehuehwe at this titime that hawaiiloahamaiihamadi losloaioa did nansnemenamenema thoseseventhosekhane sevensevemsegen stars after thet bevenseven faunazamma steersnsteesteerateerabearsteeramenramanramenzaman is believed that opukahonuasopukahonulls group originally landed anon him nadyadcalillNakmakYAd metmekNat anon sn it aspareperapa athat sailed with hishi aadand nakaliimakaliialiikillcalill natarikinat&rikiariki the first baster lalani bapa nulnuikuikulmui earlier I1 mentionedBentioned that there voyage the nambanamebnames of the stiverssteerensheerensteatestiversmenatwerenszenezenmen and the stars azeaxeeresenes lao was a& starting point 00an the kidsouthmidsouthnidkidmid south arsamericanansABerican coast according kahikikablkikahihi mlsmi hoku ulauiauu baiaokaiaoy&tao liollokiopaakiopsgaKiopaa limllkmlululauunulaun and polohilani to the computer to bebgetewtgot to bapa nuihuinul amoasoaeome would have to leave these starsstedastairsstema edaareazeaxeene known to this day by thelthemthesetheme namosnamesmenes by both trobfrobfromtrom a point anOR the midbouthrideideldnidmid southbouth americanambAnoamorican coast in order to be the americanAaeaweamarican fims and the polynesiansPolynesians I1 ask you would able to me the prevailing winds and currents the american tuaituditwas m know these starsalsusstadastama by theaetheme nalenalanamenemenneman if they were not relatedtafftto the polynesiansPolynesians sometime later somee of the descendants of opwahonvaopukahonea tra- veled to aniamiandl settled the tahitian islands and the Marquemarquesasmarquesansas the constellation formedrammed by these stars is known to usno asan islands this would explainIs why whomwaen later groupsgroupe of people pleiades and is also called the seven little sisterssiaslaSinterstermteem hawaii- coming to khalthemthesekham wandsialalaialnlaolsmismia found theathenthamthem to be already inhabited loa named this constellation after the heihelhalhead steerman itekaliiyaklui by people wallmayl1 to theathenkhenthemkhem matnatarikiitetarikinatariki to this day this constellation isin known by this usnaaenamanaweme by the polynesians throughout alleilelaeia&12 the islands of the after opukahoeuaopukshomus the amtamknext important person that the people pacific rwrorpadpod instance iaim seuswunewnowmew zealand themthese starsetastazaeka aadand the know wasmasw hawaiiloahawaii loeloaioe the members of the church of jemsjesuajesus oonatellationcomst13ution&tion that they forefarmformfaem amarearname known by the jaaesnaaesmambanames already christ of latterlatterdaydaygay saints know that haxaiihavaiihavasi loalom was a cap- dodnod concerning buy 1aaa swe mentionedsentiodad their tradition the starsstaze origins tain of a& ship built by harothhagotahagoth the chirahirshipchip builderbul beemesee alaaaleaalnaainaalma however IA in says arsazeaxe MOVEM happened lom is slightly different that it the starsstare 63t63s 583853 8 book of what to banell loa after seven who wereweze heaven and an we know & northward chiefs translated after death to he set sellsailselimail do that he sailed in a direc- eye each in only tion frosfuosfrom the narrow neck of landlandl but other than this the of is visible mormon we do have other sources of inforanfor book of is silent vasvaawaswaa the above described of the seven actual fate aitionmation concerning genall loeloaioe on his first trip this other fates their sourceition of information are the legends of the twicaliforniaornia 26 pigePJCEPAGE 5 PAGEPACK 6 we aoqu not know vewe do know that hawaiiloahamallhawaii laaloaloe did go 00on to dis- we have been looking at the legends an evidence of the origin cover hawaii and then returned to hishiahiehla holandhomeland of the polyneaians howsownow letsietletiata look at sonssoaesomssome physical evi- dencedanaedencedamoe which are known factfackfactsraakaraaba when hawaiiloahawaii load1dreturnioaloa did return howhoghomshome heb gatheredhisgathered hishiahiehlabiabla reallyfamily to- gether along with others audandad then setnetaekaaknot sail again never to the coastal tirhansindiana of california hadhod a castecantogastegesteganteganto system similar return vithwith hishlahiahim he took bishishiahla wife and children hishiahiehla brothers to the hawaii11 an system thosethobe that had arbareoresoremozemaze wealth and fa kiikili and kaloskanaloaKA lostostoa aadand others of his family these people and oumousnownogmog ancestorsencaanceenoaatoratanaton became the ruler and noblesnoblee then cam the their faalfaaifamiliesilesliesilea that aadebadenodsmade the voyage became the first hwnhumn chiefachiefs and then thetasshesmssme commonersonersoners at the lowest calof 1 boners level the inhabitants of the hawaiian islandsT bda this voyage by hawaii- stomsystemstem casecambcanecawacamecamm the slaves loa to settle hawaii took place about 54 or 53rc53bc this se- stoa cond voyage also appears to have been a direct trip to hawaii the slaves were abtainedabstained by capturing then during weneesware and since there are no indian traditions concerning this voyage raidszmiazaidazalda or by purchasepurcpuropuzohaaehabehebe they were at timetinea treated well how- concerning one raid tine as thentherethemkhem are the first ever their master had the right to give thentheathem asaa a& sacrificeaaeameamarifice to the spirits and gods it is interesting to note that the islands in the hawaiian0 chain were nenadnamadnamed after esbersmembers of the group that calcamcasecame on the another interesting fact isia that the indiana living along second voyage hawaii the big islandlalandlelandlelamd was nenadnamadnamed for hawaii the coast of the pacific northwestnarKornaethweat and the northern california loa oahu was namedna od for his daughter while maui wasonamedna orleolboi coast wore capes of feathers the feathers were shingled for his son the other island were narednenadnamed for other members on a netnot or animal skin foundation an excellent example of the group showing that feathered capes were in use in california isin found in two years before the mavimme richard danaoana now leoinee jr lets backtrack a little to drto Sinotos talk and his the author bought a& hide robe with brightly colored feathers ntioningentioningmentioning about a fellow scientist who while working with all over he called an indian curiosity 7a coscomputercomputer found four places on the american continent which it it would take a& ship frosfromtrom the american continent to the polyne- another excellantexcelexpellantlant piece of physical evidence isin found amonsanongamong sian islands letsletalataistle look at the route hawaiiloahawaii loa took on his the haldahaidaindianaindians which adeadbareaxe located on queen charlotte island first routrounroute we knonkeowknow that he traveled north frosfromsrossrom the narrow british columbiaColunbiablabim canada and the southern andend of prince of neck of land benemaPapanamanasaneamnemm now if he did land at point st george vales island alaska USA have any of you seen their he would bebo able to use the currents and winds to take his canoes ar houses they are built exactly aaan those built by directly to hawaii onQB his second voyage by traveling north the mamie in hewsewsownow zealand the canoes were built in the til at the saw latitude asan mexico city and then turned to sembsameaeme nannarmannermannarwannerwenner fronfrom log to finished product the lengths of the the open sea he would have been taken directly to hawaii canoes were the nelsawmainwehn theeheebb carved figures on the bow were again by the prevailing winds and curcurrentsrentsreaterenke nilaraisimilar asan were the painted designs the wooden canoe ballers and paddles were aademadeie the saw also of the four starting points anon the american continent frofrom eelbel which the coscoacomputerputer said one could sailmailamiiamli frosfrom the continent to are all of these sinilaritiessimilarities1 justjuntjuab a& coincidence I1 think not the polynesian islands I1 have thus brovprovproved that each one was because the polynesians did coneconacome frosfrom the american continent used one was used by opukahonuaopukahonva and the other three werewezewemere now dont setbetsekeekgetgot as wrong and think that I1 dont believe that there used by hamelihamell losloaloeioeioa I1 find these facts interesting especi- wasnt sonssonasome infiltration of the people from asiatic oceania ally when the computercoscomputer showed that theltherethem were no starting that is why theltherethemthanethame areazeazaaxeaxa a few language siailaritiessimilaritiessi il itiesaties and similar points in the bastmatbaateastmot whewhohere else could the polynesians have types of pottery what I1 aaan saying is that the aeinaninmainmalnmeln origin concow frosfrom except troafromtuom the Aeamericanricannican continent of the polynesians isin llafrotroteo the american continent IV last bit of evidence that I1 will present will prove this to be when the descendants of the people who settled hawaii set true and will also ahmohmshow that there was aonsowmowsomasomeaoma infiltration frosfronfromtrom sail to explore the ocean to the south they discovdiscovereddincov tahiti asiatic oceania which they found to be alxeedy&1zsdy inhibitedinhabited thowthesethomtheae inhabitants of tahiti wewereweze the descendants of opukahoouaopukah6sma a nephite and did the scientists forget about blood type when they said lalokooalglokon& a& laT sanitamealkaitsyke that the polynesians cameammeamma frofrom asiatic oceania I1 dont know but if the polynesians had originated from there their blood concerning laiolalokonajaloLalojalokonakona not muchmuehwuchmunh is known it is known that he type would be predominately type 10bB factor the Tontonganstongenscongensbenssensgens and was born about 238bc23obc descendants inhabited sestereasterseatersauter island s&moanz do have amount & his marquesan nm a wall and tharetherethembhanwhan isin a trace of type rapsraparapecapsfapsbspa nui tahitahlTabitahitiaatabitiantabithantianklaablamaa islands and the Marquemarquesassas islands did B blood among maertamaorta which shows was Tahiti known factor the naoris that thusthuetheretherbthene he with opuopukehanusopukahoouakehanus is not if he did or not someSOBOaoma srom amongamang travel it when infiltration from asiatic oceania the rest of the a chancochanceahnchn he did lalokonaLalokona researching B there is that great grandfather polynesians theluheltherethemkhazekhane isin no trace of the type IBI factor the the genealogies is found to be the eleventh blood type of the Polynepolynesianssiamsimm isin said to nbsresnebresembleerbleesbleerbie that of the mccmountamounts LzLamanitelamanite blood in the hawaiianshamasiHawaiihawaiian&aasansaaa sial of wekeswakes this accountsace for the sanite americanAseamericanmican indianindians because of the contrasts of the blood type

7 PAGEpaas 7

of the polynesians andaudami the asiatics this beemsbeemaSCOBSmeems to be con- firming scientific evidence that the basic racial stock of the polynesians isin from the americankneAaeenaricanrhaen indiansindiana I1 sayaayay that the polynesiapolynesians miand the americanAaeambrican laiianslaicans arbadbamare cousins whether ANCESTORSAMCESTORS of ADAM ICUMMONUAKUMUHCKUA they be distant or doclosecloae cousins mekesmekas no difference they english version are cousins inID sy paper today I1 have only scratched the surface for BC there arareaze many otharothercither things that anam similar between the 4004 eye polynesians and their comins the american indiansindiana for adaadmadaa adi beeeeeevebye instanceineimelmatance I1 havent talked about the thatched holeshomeshouaaahouawa built 3874 seth by momole the si indiana in florida being built iain a& anneranmermannarmanner 3769 enosenoe very similar to those built by the SaSaesaeaanasamoanssammanssamaanaosnaonnamoanamoans what about the tattooing of the bodies of the lateen Womiland 1 11 ne 3679 cainan which resembles 11hrquesansymana and yhoris that of the huylene the chorisnaoria chentharetherethemchem 3609 hrh&laleelyahal&leel are enymuyanyamedyVAUDY significant aiailaritiee81011axwom iain the religious belieffbeliefabeliefs and in actual creation chanta shetshebwhat about pottery aadenadenodemade by 3544 dazedjazedjazwi no byaneven the indiansind chowwhowwhose shapssshapesshapsa and ofbean deadesignsdebdablanslensigns resembles poly- 3382 nonesianianlan pottery or visavlma vanakversaveraa did you know that maimulmuimami and enoch hihiahiehla trickstricka adeadbareazeaxe known among some Tindian4 tribes fronfrom the hidkidmid 331 methuselahmathuNathuselah vesternwestern states zhelthemthesezhem amazeaxe not justt4 coincidences they prove the origin of the polynesiaPolynesiansalmasalmaa 119long9 beebebseeaee hawaiian tersionversion before closing I1 would like to pass on to you a piece of 3130 lamachlamech 1 knowimam information which I will be of interest especially 2948 to those helhenherehsue of polynesian eeeameaaoeatxyameentryantryentry touryour ancestors were nchnoehnoah true to the priesthood which they hadhod recirelievedrecievedeved and brought 2456 shshanshensham with then from americaneseAseemenican Coatinent everyevary way up frob the rican continent in antil 2346 Arphaxed the lathl2th12th century AD it wasweawmsw not until the 12th century that ared a apostasy and a& completecoecomplete falling gargayeberawayray occurred 2311 salahsalehsaiehselah yourlitersliteral ancestors were the last to fall asaramarsmay franfronfrom the truth 2281 all polynesians should know aadand be proud of this fact this eber is yet another piece of evidence proving that the polynesians 2247 peleg came from american calcawcamb frob the continent 2217 reurenronrou though I1 have not presented all the evidence to prove their 2185 sumsserussmmssemus 1 have presented 1 can time alloted&loted mee origin I alleil I in the tinatinetibe aloted 21552153 nahormanor I1 know through myy work in preparing this paper that the poly nesians carcagcamscame frabfrob the americanambriamaziABericanean continent 2126 terahtorah 2056 abraham add sarah bibliography 1956 laalisaaclameo adi rebeccarebbcca barrere dorothy the kumuhonua legends 1896 jacob adi rachel cole william A and elvineivinelwin W jensen israel in the pacific 180 5 joseph ad& asenathabenath kuykendall ralph S and A grove day hawaii A history 173 rAnasseh halohaiomalomaiomajo david hawaiian antiquities noo1100 yeara of no records oliver douglas L the pacific islands 40000 years captive in egypt no records kept except peterson mark E polynesians came from america inan the tribe of judah joseph book hondonmormonmonnon TOO 1 smith jr translator of 700 years ivedlivedI under the judges andanolanciamol kings of ismsisraelI1 whitehead E L thehouseThthe houseeHouse of israel only their genealogies wedawarswerewezeweceweme kept precookpre cook history of hawaii text for hist 224b kapiolani 660 lenileddladd 1adI sariah community college 620 nephi

28 mc&storsajtcestobs OF XUMMCKUAKUMJHCKUA ADAM MCESTORS OPOF KUIUHOMUAXUNUHOKUA adamADAKADAM hawaiian venionvanionvanlonversion hawaiian versionVrlonion

BC BC 4001 kuauhonuakumuhonua 1 ndI wohonualalohooua f 88 hamallhawaii& loaloeioaioe adA huslalaihualalaiHusHualalai f 3874 kapili adi nahinahinolelekohinohinolele f 63 oahu f 1adI kumlinkumli&kunolalakeakea 3769 kwakahikokanakahikoKanakahiko adi luhiluhihalwinhilahiheleas f 38 kunuiakeakiirohakea 1idI kahikiwaleaxahikiwalaa f 3679 kmakupuskam&kupua ad1I kahikoolupakahikoolups Mf 13 wiwi&keliialiaKeliiwiwikailsaliaaila adi kahikulukahlkahikiKahikaahikikuinkUlUiii f 3609 kahikoleihonua ndi nabaskunskuaskunnahamahaekuaNaba f AD 12 3544 ebaebekeakenaikeakenuiKeakenaikanalkenuikanui adi kalanihoohonuaihoohonum Mf Kenilia ad1I polahainaaliipolah&inaalii f 3382 esolkeolaijaolinakeol ieeimaime linailna a kaaekaoekanskane adi mullanimuolanipbolani f 37 keliiku adi xeoope&liikeoupe&11i f 62 3317 kalsiliielleieelKalsilIeltieitl add afaikiapsski f kuianKulankulanishukulaniehuKulaniehuahuishu adi kahakauakokooko f bauliihonuaxgullihonins warrior of reknown add imea fflpoaeiblylpossibly other sons 89 papanuihanauboku f 1mdI hakeavakeawakea aad8ad87ad hephitamephitememphite & taenitetamniteljuaaite blood of 112 yknouluae kauiikajiiyalaii unknown character ad1 xeaoselemelo11 f tmethuselahkeilaniweilani hoohokukalani f ad1I haaouluaa 3130 looWoowookonamoolalookonaLalookonekona adi kanoleansniiiilii 111 f 137 vaiavalavalkmaiawalk 1adI huhunahuhuns f 2948 nuu adi lillnoelilinoe f 162 vallawaildwail&wailoa ad1I hikawaopo&laimaH 0 neanoa f 2456 halnnananalumanismana ad1I maaamaaiakuluea Mf 187 kaksihilikaicaihili adi liaileulanimienl f 2346 uiolaniviolanikaiolaaiKaiolaailaniiani mdd kairowoilaniyawovoilani Mf 212 elakiaelngiagla ad& kanolekamoie f 2311 Hakhalcuibokuhakaimokumakaimokuaimoku adi Imiluikapoimikapokerokapo f 237 ole adi hail Mf pupue gamagame 2281 nunulaninimulanisunNimNunulani adi pilipo f 262 dupue add Kamakurhelakuahelakamahelshelshsiehele f 2247 hoouaokaimkuhonuackamoku add anahulukapoanahuluicapo f 287 ftnakufunakujtaaku adi hikohaalelilkohaale f 2217 reeneepapolaaineeneepapulani adi vhekapowohekapo f 312 hukahakoanukabakoa 1adI koulamaikalanikoulae&ikalani f T 2185 heleikushikinaheleikuahikiaa mdi helaheiaHalakalakspohalakapohalakKalakkapospoapoepo f 337 TUdoaduaLoanuttnutunuutU add kaxaabaukele Mf 362 kahikokacikokahuco ad kaaakasaensaenaa ate or i&te&tu a Parorarotaaganparotangantangan ease person 2155 heloheioKelokelooloarelemooloaRelemooloa ad& Kawanakawanaaoao f i fte atu lataatu 2126 keaoapaapaak&oapaap&& aad keaoolaslaekeaoolaelae f 387 kii adi Hinahiaakouuhinakoulakoula f adI klpunuukapuxmu 2056 loaauuinamuu ad& nnetoehiwatoeybehiwahiwa f 415 ulu 1 f 440 1956 elaniklanskalani7 lanstans manehamanehmmanbYAnemaneyanehumehunshumshume PAi kanokamokaanlehllrinainmhine f nansienankie 1adI kahaumokuleiakahaumokmleia Mf 1896 ivdpuk&kukalxipukaku adi kahocluhikupsakabooluhlkupaa f 465 nanailanisankikankiNanailaaiiaallani ndi hinakinauHinakinau f 490 vaiWaitfailnilaniwaikulanikulani adI 180 5.5 Newenawenewenewenewe aolinaalulimalolim i kahiklkuxahikiku adi komelohikiaanowelohikina f 1 ukekazilani f md mapunalaala 1773 kaoklokalkaokaok&lanii 1adI hehe ka okumoku f 515 kuhaleincanakuheleiboana i YAPMAJASI f 1100 years of no records 540 konohikiKonohiki ad1I hikmlulenshikanlulena f 400 years captive in sgyptrgyptagypt no records kept except in the 565 valna ad1I hinaaahulahinazahuia f tbetrbeabe of 1judah 590 Akakalanaakslanaakslandslanaalanaaiana 1adI hibakaxeahinakswea f 700TOO years lived under the jadesjudesjudges and kings of israel only 615 maulmauinami akalaoaskaaka & 1adI hinakaalohailahinakes1ohails f their lmammagenealogieslogies were kept 640 ad& rinsikapolkisshin&ikapalkua f 660 anianikuAnianiku add kekaipeholaxekaipshol& f 665 nanakuleinan&kulei adi Kahakukahakuhonuakahakuhanumhanunhanum f 620 anianlkalanianianikalaniAnian ikalani add ittaeenaihikinakameenuihikina f 690 manaksokomaaakaokosamakManakmamaksokomoko 1adI rabih1okalkbhlmnlralanini f heleipawa ad kookkock imalsmal 532 years no accurate records kept the common people kept 715 heleipura i kookookluaikalaniimalkalanikalani f track of the important people only 740 hulumanailanihulujanailani add hinhloajulkalani11 1 ni f

29 ANCESTUMAHCESTOBS OFUF KUHUHCBUAKUXUHCKUA adanadamADAHADAM AD 1640 iwikauikaua md Keakeak kamahanahana Mf hamalianhawaiian vraionYoryorstonyorsionvozsionelonmion 1665 keakealani f md kanaloakapulehu 1691 keawe md descendants OF KUMUHONUA ADAM adeado kalanikauleleiaiwi Mf hawaiian version 765 Aikanaka ad Mf 1713 kalani keeaumoku md Kkaroakaimokum kaimokukaamoku Mf 790 hahelholmom idi uluaahahoulunambas41a1fr 1734 keoua kalanikupuapaikalaniui md kekuiapoiwa f 815 lahaikahailahmi adi hiaauluohiahinauluohia f 1756 kamehameha I1 md kaheiheimaliekaheihetmalie Mf 840 sahisahlvahieloawahielaaVahieloaeloe 1mdI koolanklhikikoolaakahiki f 1795 kinau Mf md mataio kekuanoaKekuanoa 865 lakalafkalakka wai hikavlem f 1835 kamehameha IV king of hawaii 890 luuruluuuuiamnuu 1ad11I k&pokulaiula Mf BC 91 5 kamm edi popoiilipoponsin f 263 opukahonua md lana f 940 pohuftin&pohiuk&iaa ai&ii ruahuaklpoleihuahuak&polei f 238 hekilikaaka md ohikimakaloa Mf 965 huahum adi rikinoluloleahucijbolulolea f 211 ahulukaala md mihi Mf 990 paupeu ad3di klp&a&ki&k&pohaaki& f 188 kapuululana md holanibolani f 1015 hionvikalhuanii1ira1a1an1W md kapotakapoea OF opukahonua ui i 163 md descendants kakamaluahaku laamea Mf A 1040 pamakuapamaku&pamagua ad& muiok&lllilani nephite ftnokslililwd f 138 lanipipili md hinaimanau f 1065 haho ad& xudlalanspnkauilalanapa 357 years from anianikalaniAnianikalani to f 113 laakealaakona md kamaleilanikamaleilartiKamaeamaleilani Mf opukahonua no records kept the 1090logo palena 1edI HikahikawailhikamainuiwaiL f common people kept track of the 88 haulanuiakea md manau Mf 1115 hanalaaauihanalaarmi wdi mahula f important people only 63 kahaloalenaKahaloalena md Laumalauaaewalaumaewaewa Mf 1140 lawkwaitfltt b rrb ad kolddaluokamikolohi&liiakairai f rr4 i 38 kahalolenaula md kanehoaianikanehoalani Mf 1165 ia&u1 an ad kukawlisolulohalkukaaolibolialoha same iasulaau i f 13 kaiwilaniolua md kanehoaianikaneboalani f person 1190 plupiupinpih va hinaauakukinaausku r i f AD 1215 koagol adi hinaamaihinanuftlHinaamaiagaiagal f 12 Kalanikalaniwahinewahine md malela Mf 1240 oieole010 adi kinlalileleilhinamilaleii f 37 makakailenuiaola md ewa Mf 1265 kukohoukukohoa edi hinakeuki f 64 kupulanakehau f md kahikokaciko 62 AD lamanite line 1290 kmiuhikaniuhl edi hiliahiliaaakanikani f 89 hakeawakea md papanuihanaumoku f 89 AD hawaiian line 1315 kanipahuKanipahu aid allikauakokoalaikauakoko f 1340 ulapamkalxpana nii nainumlamihanae Mf BC 1365 kahzimelalkahalboelea idi kapoakaulnhallaakapk&p kas luballa& Mf 238 lalokonaLalokona md lalohoaniani Mf 1390 kalnumiahmkalamuiobqa mdi kabadekahekakabake Mf 213 honuapoiluna md honuapoilalo f 1413 itaaiwakusiv& ledind& xlualeiunixamleilaai f 198 Pokinikini md polehulehu Mf pomanomano ilaoiino kahgahkahoukapukahoekapui pu id1I lmalaakapulmay I f 163 Pomano mano md pohakoikoi Mf descendants OF LALOKONA 138 kupukupunuu md 1463 kauholanuieahakauholanulmhu adi neuianoulanewia f kupukupulanikupukupulanj f A lamanite 113 1490 kihskihakihe odi vaoilwiw&ous& f kamoleokahonua md keaaokahonua Mf 382 years from anianikalaniAnianikalani to 1515 ldoaluoali2o& add akahikulnnakahikuleana f 88 kapaiaokalani md kanikekaa f laiolalokonaLalokona no records kept 1540 ualuniumi a liloahiloa odi pukinikapukini 63 ohemoku md Pinapinainaiinai Mf the conanoncommon people kept track of ft f the important people only 1565 kellliokaloskealiiokaloa 1adI hkkuahineapalakaftkhjne&p&1jlk& f 38 mahulu md hiona Mf 1590 Kukailani WAi kaohukiokalanikkahwdokalani f 13 Milmilipomeaipomea md hanahanaiauHanahanaiau f 1615 tekakaualiiybkskaualii adi kapukaeolak&puwml& f AD 12 hookumupaku md toaonohoaono f 37 luakahakona md niau Mf 30 62 kahikokaciko md kupulanakehau f 64 AD nephite line THE SINGING MAMA RUAU OF TAHITI will gather on sunday evenings for the tutuaaroiarol a lengthy meeting in which the congregation will crackrolirollopen and dissect a biblical verse that the minister has chosen As it would be too by tedious to listen to commentaries and nothing else the organizer wisely intersperses three explanations with a himenechimene taravacarava marvelee soon tahauri which is made up solely of biblical words and chanted like litanies 2.2 brother tihoni pu now a laie resident says he remembers his protestant mother going to those singing meetings when he was a small boy his wilewife tetuapetua who grew up in tubulitubuai some 600 miles they are commonly and collectively known as the mama ruauauau south of tahiti has childhood recollections of people gathering of tahiti smiling rotund women of a grandmotherly nature at nishtniahtnasht to sing the old traditional songs it was beautiful decked out in generous mother hubbard muumuus swishing with she says but there were no performing mama ruauauau as we know lace and ruffles you may see them at faaafaaea airport or at a them today bastille day celebration chanting singing and dancing in the unique style we identify as an endearing facet of old tahiti we should be aware that during the churchs years of growth from 1844 to the turn of the century the french polynesian it is difficult to imagine french polynesia without the mission was plagued by protestant and catholic opposition mis- warmth and charm of these older women whose performances add guidance from the reorganized LDS and always suspicious government as much life to public occasions as the throbbing lamuretamure beat officials the mormons were tolerated uneasily by the french yet thirty years ago the term mama ruauauau in a conversation administration which saw in them an american advance guard iin a simply meant grandma and groups of colorful entertaining territory that was already open to anglo saxon influences 5 grandmothers were not the order of the day modern tahiti may not realize or perhaps never acknowledge that the church of jesus with the many changes in lifestyle brought on by foreign chirst of latterlatterdayday saints played a subtle if not vital role in influences the mormons included the tahitian people were often reviving and developing this musical aspect of french polynesia caught in an awkward transition from island culture to what was the singing mama ruauauau considered proper christian worship clergymen even early LDS leaders forbade many native practices especially dancing when even before the arrival of the europeans musical folklore they felt that there was anything immoral about had always been an integral part of french polynesia which in- it cludes people from the widespread area of the society islands another damper on tahitian culture occuredoccurred around 1901 when the leeward islands the tuamotu gamblergambier archipeligoarchipelagoArchip eligo the austral the government drew up local regulations requiring institutions to islands and the Marquemarquesasmarquesansas hold their classes in french the Morcormonsmormonsmons however flourishing in the amotustuamotusTu never even attempted to digress from the native they had poetry and a sort of literature they tongue to which they owed their missionary success they and the composed the most perplexed war chants and songs of french protestants agreed on this one early view pleasuredieDleasure they also had a sort of rhythmical prose thatbhat they would repeat resting on certain syllables to remain in contact with this people to prepare which were also marked with a beat of hands with a the youth to play a social and religious role to trampling of their feet or with movements of their preserve above all its originality and personality bodies there were even legends and genealogies it was necessary to make broad and justifiable con- among which were incluledincluded pieces of religious cessions to the tahitian language mission work in history and mythology 1 a native country which did not understand that fact would inevitably fail of its own accord at the same with the evangelical changes brought first by the london time as it would add to the destructiordestruction of the spirit missionary society and later the catholic mission the native of those whom it claimed to enlienilenliahtenenlightenahten forms of chanting and singing were adapted and incorporated into religious teaching sessions even today protestant worshippers it was this kind of attitude that kept the church growing

5131 3 4 under the most adverse conditions in the amotustuamotusTu a scattered pres mckay his wife and his accompanying party following chain of 80 coral atolls extending more than 600 miles northwest that they presented a program of dances and local chgntschants the to southeast of tahiti the branch members retained the old whole program was directed by the saints themselves chants6 chants and the more conservative dancing styles besides the himenehiraenechimene taravacarava mentioned earlier other types of music includeincludedds president mckays visit edified the membership and even fafagumaguu sacred chants lamentslainenlarnents incantations and prayers types of included a short but agreeable visit with the governor of the haka dutu hand clapping chants teki and mereuru love songs island A few months later the new mission president president work songs also used as welcoming chants faatenitenifalateniteni his- christensen met for 30 minutes with the governor who politely torical chants tuatau used to restoreresree ore courage and energy and asked that the church not make unfavorable comparisionscompari sions between aparima graceful hulalikehula like dancesdancdanedancesleslebl the french government and that of the united states they had a very cordial meeting however and the next year the church was bro and sis teahuleahu mariteragi and bro and sis pu mentioned allowed to bring in 20 more missionaries and to begin construction some additional types of song and dancedances kapas patautaupa tautau ute of a mormon school in tahiti riparipariparipa hivinau paoa lere mo korea mihi these I1 have yet to distinguish but I1 was assured that they were all distinct and working in papettepapeete during 1956a1956 a time of diplomacywasdiplomacy was an functional parts of the archipeligos musical lore and daily life enthusiastic young elder named thomas R stone blessed with a sense of knowing members needs and simultaneously improving along with accepting this traditional music the mission in public relations he began to organize and use the auxiliaries 1920 established the first brass band in the Tuamotus on the to full capacity he saw much potential in the natural talents island of takaroatamaroaTakaroa it was under the direction of elder leroy and energies of the local congregations and shifted the scout mallory a talented missionary whose family generously donated the proramproprogramram and youth choir into high gear he also realized the gleaming instruments to the takaroatamaroa band it was made up of needneej for the senior women to be involved in the action and sug- approximately 25 young island men who eventually mastered their gestedff ested that they get together to practice songs of their heritage new toys the group was called the pupu pu mononi elder mallory also organized the women and youth into church choirs hiriataviriata mariteragi of hikueru was appointed the first leader he is highly spoken of as the person who raised the peoples of this musical segment and she rounded up twelve faithful musical consciousness by introducing true choir concepts and women all with a tuamotu background this was the formal begin- in some instances drilling the singers english diction so that ning of the singing mama ruauauau they would meet in the chapel an unsuspecting listener might think it was an american choir after relief society or in their mormon neighborhood open the practice with prayer and share the old songs of their forefathers so it was that the tuamotu saints were blessed with such diverse experiences in music over the course of the years for it should be noted that not all of the churchs women many reasons many LDS tuamotu families began migrating to the oreciatedoreciaaddreciatedted this type of music the tahitian dialect is different main island of tahiti where the mission had established hea- from the tuamotu dialect also called Paupaumotumotu the latter being dquarters in Papeete 11 closer to maori or rarotongan with its k consonant ng nasal and other inflectional and vocabulary differences besides some by 1950 the french polynesian mission was showing positive regarded the Tuamotus as a backwoods culture my husband growth and the saints enjoyed gathering in papettepapeete or on the whose family is from takaroatamaroaTakaroa says hedheldhead fight with other boys who outer islands for conferences where choirs were always ivengiven called Tuamotutuamotuansans amu olaaopalaopaaopaga coconut eaterseaters but despite the opoortunitiesopdortunitiesopportunities to display their talents inhousein house gossip these women kept on supported by their musician husbands who also joined them in certain types of songs towards the end of 1954 the mission was informed that pres david 0 mckay would be visiting tahiti the news caused a that same year 1956 the members of the church were invited flurry of preparation among the members on jan 18 1955 to present a welcoming show of dances and polynesian chants for pres mckay his wife and bro franklin J murdock arrived the tourists vellingtratravelling on the mariposaonemariposa one oftwoof two sister ships that evening after the days formalities were over the poly with the matson line elder tom stone organized and directed the nesians prepared and sserved a dinner tdto all the missionaries to halfhourhalf hour spectacular which principally featured the youth choir

5232 costumecladcostume clad primary children and of course the new mama ruauauau on a private level individual members of the group were group dressed in colorful motherhubbardmother hubbard uniforms this program sometimes contacted by hotels such as the belair andanz travel lodge which took place on the docked ship was also historical in that to present mama ruauauau style programs service fees given to these it was the first time a mormon program had ever been carried on performers helped to pay for their instruments and uniforms the airwaves of radio tahiti although the church itself never sponsorsponsoreddd a group in the july bastille day festivities the mormon mama ruauauau would practice on with tahitistahlTahitilstiss coconut wireless communication the church their own and enter the singing competitions here are the gainedvainemaine d instant socialsocialrecognitionrecognition people took notice more than comments of one missionary in papettepapeete in the 160sigos ever ofwhatof what the church was doing for the youth and the native 60s culture as well some of the recognition was negative coming the mama ruaisruaus also performed during the fete from the oldguardold guard religious faction of the local population and their dances and singing were unusual and fresh they felt it was shameful for a church to be publicly indulging As usual they performed well and gave a good name in fun factivities instead of teaching the gospel as it should to the church and earned 2000020.000 CPFCPP prize money7moneys they cited some youth activities especially ballroom dancing as examples of deviation women in other circles felt that the the papettepapeete mama ruaisruaus motivated other districts to start mama ruauauau were a part of a heathen influence not only because their own groups was a blessing to the activation program their performances were musically and culturally unusual but as indicated by one itmissionary in paeaipaeatpacat because they had allied themselves with a western influence the LDS church our mama ruauauau group here in paea has really improved hiro mariteragi told the group they within the framework of the church however the mama ruauauau needed about 20 women so the members went out and enjoyed new status their slightly primitive style of song and found 10 more womenwomgn for the group most of them dance were still the target of jokes especially from the younger inactive members set but that didnt dampen their joy in performing they sewed new dresses made beautiful floral crowns for their hair received another missionary on maupiti indicated an example of the the applause had their pictures taken the social prestige was mama ruaulsruanaruaua contribution to a fundraisingfund raising soireesoirees infectious and little by little more women began joining the group whether they could speak paumotu or not because the this saturday we sawasamasawr a soiree at avera was one church at papettepapeete now included families from all the outlying of their better efforts including some excellentit districts women originally from farfarremovedremoved tubulitubuai and main mama ruauauau numbers the piecespi6ces were a great island tahiti had to leamleemlearn the other dialect used by the original financial success for the avera branch 19 mama ruaisruaus the group gave them a common cause for unity in 1931963 when the first tahitian excursion to the new zealand they were asked to perform himenechimene taravascaravas at conferences temple was organized the mama ruauauau within that group poured out building dedications and sacrament services they perfected their joys in performances for the saints in new zealand was little dance routines and even composed new chants the mama a very touching experience for these women it ruauauau took their talents to orafaraOrafara a leprosy colony some 203020 30 miles away from town where they entertained the afflicted deadledeodlepeople by the late 1960s19601s mormon mama ruauauau from tahiti had also As a service to tahitis tourism department they continued to cut a record album and performed with touring groups at disneyland greet the mariposa and the monterey with other members of the and the polynesian cultural center in laie church then as now they delighted their audiences with a spontaneous charm at christmastime they visited the hospitals in jan 1966 they were an important part of the program where they the warmth of their performances as well as in one of the missions most successful soiree musicale anndelleannuelleAn left they would to nuelle presents for the patients with the choir sail where the guests of honor were the governor1 of tahiti and his outer island conferences on the paraltaParaita a small yacht owned by wife gov and madame jean sicuraniSicsiguraniurani mission president thomas the mission and used for interislandinter island travel by the members the R stone reDorrecorreportedrenorted on the significance of the occasionoccasions group also performed at a grand ball for the french marines

3533 in addition the largest gathering of french the movie houses that isie where they will be lets government officials and their wives to ever attend have the action chelchetchez nous at the Morcormonsmormonsmons the church a mission activity were present along with U S should be the social center for the members and for the senator and sister frank E moss utah and senator community if the members are alive if the church is and mrs hiram fong hawaii who happened to be working converts will come 11 visiting tahiti at that time 10 one can see that this story of the singing mama ruauauau is it was hoped that the amicable relationship of the evening simply a focused example of love and sensitivity towards a was a step toward better communications between the church the certain population of the saints in a certain culture not french government and the united states only did the increased involvement of mama ruaisruaus strengthen the church it also gave life and popularity to songs and dances for many years other community churches eyed and criticized of french polynesia the mama ruauauau since then have helped to the domonimomoniMomomomonillMo moninillnilanisa style of fellowfellowshippingshipping and its ensuing publicity perpetuate pacific tradition up to this point it is somewhat but a number of years after president stones release from the disturbing to realize that tahitis sophisticated new breed has mission they began to organize youth programs and mama ruauauau shown little interest in learning or performing the old songs groups too the latter gave rise to more revived folklore as themselves well as new compositions today all mama ruauauau groups in tahiti are regarded with pride and affection we who believe the polynesians to be of the house of israel we who believe in keeping recordrecordssl we who have a cultural center I1 asked poura mariteragi originally from the main island of founded on holy purposes must be sure that we do not allow the how she about being one of the idamamamamema ruaisruaus as spiritual and cultural knowledge of our mama ruauauau to slip from wetahiti felt first1 know them today in translation she said I was happy to the grasp of future generationsI1 leamlearn the songs on rairoa our mama ruauauau were a new thing to them the other saints would host us when we traveled to the and now wed like you to hear some of the songs of our outside islands before most of the activities were for singing mama ruauauau the youth and younger adults although the relief society had quilting and handcraftshandicraftshandcrafts 11 at this point in the presentation bro and sis tihoni pu and sis mahana molomoomoso pulotu delighted the audience with examples tetuapetua pu expressed the same happiness in being able to actively of himenechimene tataravascaravasravas kapas and aparimasaparimas participate in the missions growth she said the old folks are hapoyhapdyjchapoy they can contribute people would call the mission if they wanted us the mission would call the group leaders some of us had never been to the outer islands whenever we traveled with the mama ruauauau it was exciting and we didnt even have to pay the philosophy of the church leaders in tahiti from the turn of the century until now was summed up in this 1968 message from elder scott anderson an assistant to the mission president at the times let us build a strong mission with strong branches that can be made into stakes and wards the first work is to strengthen members they will as mission- aries bring new converts into the church enthused members are the keys to success here in french polynesia tahitiansTahiti ans like everyone want to go where the action is if the action is taking placeatplaceanplace at the bars or at

5434 NOTES

edmond de bovis tahitian society before the arrival of the europeans translated by robert D craig laie hawaii institute for polynesian studies 1961976 appp 28 29 2daniel mauer the protestant church in tahiti les editions du pacifique 3colinmcolincolin newbury tahiti nui honolulu hawaii university press of hawaii 1980 p 148 4ibidbibid4ibid quoted from charles vernier tahitiensTahitiens ahierdhier et daujourdhui 2nd ed parisparisiparist 1948 5eaeE G burrows native music of the Tuamotus honolulu hit bernice P bishop museum bulletin 109 1933 gyves yves R perrin lhistoire de leglise mormone en polynesiepolynesicPolynesie francaise de 1844 a 19ettp1982 Papeete tahiti Imprimerie CESSTPCES STP 1982 uD 21 7teatete velaveavesa french polynesian mission vol VII no 7 aug 19681966 p 160 bibid8ibidbid p 164 91bidbid p 164 lote10 vea vol V no 1 jan feb 1966 p 3

te vdaveavga vol VII no 7 augau 1968 p 146

in addition much of my information came from a roupnoupgroup interview with the following people on mar 20s20 19831983i brabro pu tihoni sis tetuapetua tihoni brabro teahuleahu mariteragimarlMari sis poura mariteragiteralterai sis tearo tahauri brabrobuo etua tahauri and a separate interview on april 10 1983 with sirsis mahanamahane molomoomoso pulotu

55 recording history through art work page 2

boutbootboulabout the stature and clothing of menman of that time because of RECORDING HISTORYBISTORT THROUGH ART WORK that carved drawing it isie preserved in the cairo museum A personal experience 2 A fragment of a harp was found in ur the homeland of abraham it is gilt and inlaid wood with graceful figures of by le ruth ward tyau animals on the harp it is believed to have been made about 2800 BC and is preserved in the london british museum one of the purposes of the mormon pacific history society is to 3 chinese art has historical references from 1100 BC teach those skills helpful in recording historical information the pottery with decorative designs is thought to be 6000 word history has four dictionary meanings years old 4 polynesian art rock painting and carvings date back to 1600 1 an account of what has happened narrative story tale BC design systems on pottery is traced back to 3000 and 2 what has happened in the life or development of a people 4000 BC there are thousands of art objects in museums country institution etc throughout the world which testify to the fact that history 3 all recorded events of the past has been recorded by art work history and art are 4 the branch of knowledge that deals systematically with the interrelatedinter related past a recordinicordinarecordinirecording analyzing coordinating and explaining of past events ralph waldo emerson the great american philosopher of the ninteenthnineteenth century said faith in the spirit of god gives man immense usually when we say we are recording history as historians we think scope and gives every moment tremendous significance man will come of recording with words therefore to teach skills helpful in to see that the world is the perennial miracle which the spirit recording history we usually are dealing with written recordings or workettvorkethworkethvorvonworkethkech and be less astonished at particular wonders he will learn oral recordings that there is no profane history that all history is sacred that the universe is represented in an atom in a moment of time in his however there are other ways to record history one way is essay on art emerson wrote the artist must employ the symbols in through the use of photography which we commonly use to enhance and use in his day and nation to convey hisbisbibhib enlarged sense to his document written histories another way to record history is through felfellowmenlowmen thus the new in art is always formed out of the old the the use of the fine arts drawing painting and sculpture it is genius of the hour sets his ineffaceable seal on the work and gives it these latter three methods of recording history that I1 would like to an inexpressible charm for the imagination As far as the spiritual enlarge upon I1 will not be able to teach you the skills of art in character of the period overpowers the artist and finds expression in order for you to record history but rather I1 hope to encourage all of hisbis work so far it will retain a certain grandeur and will represent you as potential artists to make use of drawings paintings and even to future beholders the unknown the inevitable the divine hono man sculpture in recording your personal history can quite emancipate himself from his age and country behe cannot wipe out of his work every trace of the thoughts amidst which it grew some of you will immediately think you do not have the ability to above his will and out of his sight behe is necessitated by the air produce works of art others of you will think yes I1 ve always had he breathes and the idea on which he and his contemporaries live and the desire to draw or paint I1 want to try all artists have varying toil to share the manner of hisbisbibhib times without knowing what that abilities to produce works of art from the primitive crude mannermanneenner is now that which is inevitable in the work has a higher beginnings to the skillful masterfully executed renderings and all charm than individual talent can ever give inasmuch as the artist s the variations in between the limited abilities of the artist need pen or chisel seems to have been held and guided by a gigantic hand to not stop one from recording history there is great charm in inscribe a line in the history of the human race this circumstance socalledso called primitive or folk art which training in art often negates gives a value to the egyptian hieroglyphics to the indian chinese all artists have elementary beginnings it is only with practice that and mexican idols however gross and shapeless they denote the skills are perfected height of the human soul in that hour shall I1 now add that the whole extant product of the plastic arts has herein its highest value as artists are the reproducers of earth scenes and people and the history as a stroke drawn in the portrait of god perfect and transient episodes of life for the enjoyment of the present and for beautiful according to whose ordinations all beings advance to their the future throughout history artistic recording and reproducing beatitude thus historically viewed it has been the office of art has been done by craftsmen and architects as well as fine artists to educate the perception of beauty the virtue of art lies in let me share four examples detachment in sequestering one object from the embarrassing variety in this process emerson says are we able to have deep thought 1 in egypt the great pyramid of gizeagizeh was built about 2700 from this succession of excellent objects we learn at last the BC many artistic treasures were found inside one of the immensity of the world the opulence of human nature which can run treasures was a carved drawing of a man in egypt it was out to infinitude in any direction carved on the wooden doors of the tomb we know something

36 recording history through art work page 3 recording history through art work page 4

art has been a part of recording LDS church history since the age of 8 I1 began copying pictures of flowers in seed catalcataloguescataloguerogues at beginnings of the restoration of the church in the 1800s the church the age of 10 I1 attempted to copy the great masters like landseer and is currently building a new museum of church history and art in salt the dutch artisteartists lake city just vestwestwesc of temple square public opening will be june 1 1983 there will be several art galleries for changing exhibitions at the age of 12 we moved to logan ulahutahulab some examples of in preparation for the museum the curator of collections is obtain- recordings from this period of my life include watercolors of a ing resumes slides of art work and biographies of LDS artists tumbledowntumble down structure of our neighbors and the apple tree in our backyard two drawings of my sister one shovingshowing her listeninglisteningto to our the history of the church in polynesia is not only the past but big radio in 1946 and another when she was ready for bed is being made daily by us as we live our lives we are urged to keep journals and histories of our thoughts and events in our lives we during college days there were drawings of san jose california treasure our photographs but there is something very special about and beginning still life studies the afternoon light on a farm house drawings paintings or sculpture asan recorded history As we endeavor was recorded during thosechose years to record the history of people in the church in polynesia we should not hesitate to use all methods available to uswrittenus written history oral following marriage to my husband elmer I1 have art work which history photographic history and history recorded by art records our sevenyearseven year history in utah and california our prefab apartment in logan utah while attending utah state university my I1 have a quote posted on a wall of our home which I1 read husband studying at an old desk my husband holding our baby warren frequently it is a quote from dag bammarskjoldhammarskjoldhammarBammarH skjold the swedish on the shore of bear lake on a grey overcast chilly day watercolor secretarygeneralsecretary general to the united nations during the fifties let me scenes of logan utah street scenes our neighborhood grocery store a read with open eyes the book my life is writingandwriting and learn As an pastel sketch of baby warren sleeping and a drawing of jeffrey artistartisthistorianhistorian I1 often think of how I1 can illustrate the book my sleeping two awkward attempts at pastel drawings on black paper one life is writing with photography and art work such as drawings of our son jeffrey one of my husband the young children playing on paintings and sculptures a california beach sculptures of my husband and daughter done in terra cotta sculpture in plaster of our son winston a plaster art is a sacred commitment in my life part of a fourfoldfour fold carving inspired by our baby jeffrey s position of sleeping in my purpose for being family religion history and art have been my life first oil portraits we can still see young winston and jennifer as work my parents george david ward and callie belle arrington ward they posed for mamas first attempts in a lifesizelife size portrait a conte provided me with a very good first family experience my husband drawing of young jeffrey with his arms around hisbis dad I1 wanted so elmer doong shing tyau and our three sonssona and four daughters have much to show the tender love that can exist between a father and provided me with opportunities to learn the art of companionship and child and a pencil drawing of my father carrying the milk buckets the art of parenting tracing my husbands genealogy back 23 generations into china gave me the experience of research and it was in 1962 the year we moved our family to hawaii my genealogy and recording history having the opportunity to hear and hawaiianarthistoryhawaiian artarc history began I1 became a part of polynesian church learn the gospel of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints and being a history I1 produced some art work for two years examples of my work part of the church organization has taught me the art of living during this time show portraits of models at the art academy where I1 getting my bachelor of art degree in world religions enhanced my love took a class A watercolor of the polynesian cultural center the of the religious and the spiritual children on the beach at punaluupunalua in the early morning sun rendered in pastel cousin dora and joe baohaorao s daughter betty two sisters from I1 would like to share examples of my personal experience of makikimakaki ward george moas fishing boat george mosmoamoe was my husbands recording history through art work fully aware as I1 do so of my hometeachinghome teaching companion when behe was a young man elmer s grandfather inabilities and limitations as an artist I1 have hadbad some periodic king tong tyau had a store on the corner of kuakini and lusitana training in art since the age of 10 but much has been trial and error streets I1 painted a vaterwatercolorwaterwacercolor of the store before it was torn down and experimentation much of my art vorkwork is the result of just having in 1965 a sketch of aunty mary mandexmandezfernandezFe done on the inside of a the courage to dive in and start all the while relying on the brown shopping bag a drawing of aunty alice done on the same brown spirit to help me as suchmuch as possible I1 hope it will encourage each paper a drawing of auvaiolimuauwaiolimu ward and finally two drawings of our of you to have confidence that if you have the desire you too can fifth child jacqueline make historical recordings in art work following the complications of the traumatic birth experience of I1 thought of myself as an artist from a very early age our fifth child I1 became a hibernating artist until the time was examples of my early artarthistoryhistory include a childlike drawing of our right to continue actively in art work I1 focused my energy on the home in decio idaho my sister elaine ward mayfield in her hair challenging art of parenting and in between I1 recorded history in curlers and a drawing of elaine asleep in our old brass bed at the written form

37 recording history through art work page 5 recording history through art work page 6

during the seventeen yearyears that followed I1 used my art for another visualbiographyvisual biography isie the portrait in oil painted on maso- lessons taught in church and particularly in the buasummerssummereswasumgummeremersmere I1 exposed my nite rather than canvas of our warren as a 22yearold22 year old returned mis- children toco the use of various painting mediums and drawing materials sionary he is dressed in his suit he holds his scriptures in his As a result of these summer classes the seven children are all artists own unique way and I1 hope to communicate that here is a young man who of one type or another loves the lord and his revelations to us I1 show warren standing on the side of round top drive with diamond readhead and the city of honolulu since the bulersurersummer of 1981 I1 felt it was time to return to my art and heaven behind hishim I1 wanted it to say that warren is a hawaiian work there has been a new surge of creativity in my life I1 have boy who loves the lord and is ready to go forth in life to teach the produced 52 major works of art since thatchalchatchad time portraits of my fami- gospel by his actions and precepts to all hebe comes in contact with ly and children our beautiful hawaiian environment and many portrait warren was painted lifesizelife size but I1 have striven to give the illusion commissions for others examples of my art work which records history of greater height because I1 wanted to say he s a giant in spirt I1 would include the following charcoal portraits of my parents george have titled this portrait warren rhiabikhikbi fong tyau a giant in spirit david ward and callie belle arrington ward as they were in 1960 A portrait of our daughter jacqueline at the age of 18 shows charcoal portraits of my husbands parents khi fong tyau and her in her lovely pink prom dress I1 painted jacqueline standing in mary ah ping kalaupapahivakalaupapahiwa wong tyau mary was very active in the front of a drapery used by the artist james whistler in his portrait building of the church in hawaii shshee was known and loved by of a young woman titled symphony in white I1 also painted thousands as she fulfilled her callings as a leader in the primary jacqueline in the same pose as his famous portrait I1 wanted to show MIA and relief society it was of course necessary to work from jacqueline s gentle sweet spirit and the depth of being which she old photographs to render lifesizelife size portraits of these our parents possesses if I1 have given a glimpse of jacqueline s great beauty this visual biography was accurately recorded I1 have titled this oil an oil portrait of my handsome husband elmer doong shing tyau portrait jacqueline laulanihaulani symphony in life is an important highlight of my history rendered in art I1 wanted to show he was in the image of his mother so he is squinting with the A double portrait of jacqueline shows her as she looked during sun in his eyes as his mother was in her portrait I1 have painted her high school days at kamehameha school the left portrait is done him with a background of sky ocean and rocky mountains of the in oil paints using only shades of the color burnt umber the right blowholeblowbiow holehoie region of oahu hoping to colunicomunicommunicatecate that he is a part of portrait was painted identical to the left one and then was color hawaii the viewer is perhaps next aware that my husband has but one glazed in an attempt to understand some of the techniques of the old full arm and can know that here is a man who has suffered much in his masters I1 titled this double portrait simply jacqueline it was life in the moment I1 have recorded on canvas he is seriously in the 1982 12th annual aloha exhibit at the federal building contemplating hisbis own future on earth which he fears is limited all too soon in time but today is his day in the sun and he is thinking A charcoal portrait of our daughter michele was rendered as a deeply about it I1 titled the portrait elmer doong shingsheng tyau his surprise for her birthday it is life size and was enlarged from a day in the sun and it was awarded the grumbacher gold medallion in photograph the 1982 easter art festival I1 see this portrait as a visual biography of my husband A visualvisualbiographybiography painted in oil of our daughter michele shows her in a lovely twotonetwo tone purple dress which she made during the summer another visualvisualbiographybiography is the portrait in oils of our eldest of 1981 I1 wanted to show what a loving and sweet young woman she is daughter jennifer lei tyau whose interest in fashion designing this is our michele at age 13 I1 have titled this portrait michele seemed to call for showing her in an elegant setting so I1 painted kalaupapahiwa extremely precious one jennifer with a penetrating gaze and wearing a satin dress we did not have the elegant setting necessary in our home so I1 borrowed the A portrait of our seventh child marycallieMaryCallie filaniuilani tyau shows chair and the backdrop from a painting done by john singer sargent in her standing by her daddy at kapiolani park in waikiki this portrait the early 1900s of lady agnew I1 have titled the portrait miss was painted from a photograph thatchatnhatchacnhac marycallieMaryCallie had framed in the jennifer lei in lady agnew s chair camera put on time setting and then rushed into the picturepicturel I1 felt the photograph captured a special love warmth and compassion which I1 A drawing in conte pastel of our third son warren khi fong tyau wanted to portray in an oil painting of them both her daddy is at age three was recently transferred to canvas in oil paints and always saying to her 1I m so glad I1 ve got you I1 felt that they rendered in monochromatic browns it will preserve for posterity the both looked like they were glad they had each other this painting small size and gentleness of our little boy as he stood barefoot was selected to be in the 1983 easter artardarcarn festival at ala moana center curling up his big toe dressed in a baggy shirt and pants holding a and earlier it was in the 1982 sulersumersummer dreams show at the honolulu toy in his hands I1 have titled this portrait our little warren halebalehaie it is titled daddy and marycallieMary Callie I1 m so glad ive got you

3sas recording history through art work page 7 recording history through art work page 8

could have visual biographicbiographies as a treasure for their posterity ina A vaterwaleewatercolorwadeecolor painting shows the view we seeee froefrom our living room lunt vivian apo abbie delsdeladeiadele cruz darlene ching grace henenHemenhenenwayhemenwayvayway window looking up ohelo lane it waswaa in the 1982 hawaii watercolor velnavelmaveima francisco helen hevrevhew len flora tano beverly wilson muriel societys 20th20tb anniversary exhibit at the amfac plaza in honolulu fong and manymeny other family and friends As time permits I1 hope to record history by art work for others my husbandhusbands ancestors came to hawaii from china as merchants A watercolor of the oahu fish market and adjourning stores on king artists who have a testimony of the gospel of jesus christ have a street was painted to represent those early stores of the ancestors special responsibility in their art endeavors art work cannot be I1 titled it they came as merchants it was selected to be in the separated from the artist anymore than any work cannot be separated 1982 hawaii watercolorvalerwalerVatercolor exhibit at the anfacamfacannac plaza from the doer there cannot be genuine appreciation and recognition of art without appreciation and recognition of the artist artists an oil painting of the kollauskoolaus records a view of the mountains striving to live the gospel of jesus christ have high artistic which we enjoy seeing on our drive from laie to honolulu I1 titled standards to uphold and high ideals to work towards eventually our it the kollauskoolausKoolaus it won the jurors award in the 1982 aloha art should not only record history of earth life but should exhibit at the federal building in honolulu foreshadow the goals of eternity this can only be done when the artist has insights into spiritual and eternal values this is the A watercolor showing the hawaii I1 love the sky mountains the only way that religion can spiritualize art when religion ocean and rocks I1 titled it paradise found it was selected to spiritualizes the artist then the art is uplifted and spiritualizerspiritualizedspiritualized be in the association of honolulu artists prelude to spring show at ala moanamoans center in 1982 jesus used parables homey illustrations to teach great eternal principles the artist may see people mountains water rocks an acrylic painting of a horse bathed in the late afternoon trees flowers vegetation animals and objects of our environment setting sun was painted because it reminded me of the happy days of and they may bee reproduced as illustrations of eternal symbols my youth when I1 rode a horse on our idaho farm I1 titled this painting the grass is greener on the other side all the while in viewing art work I1 hope you will notice how variety is thinking of the next life the painting was selected to be in the essential to the concept of beauty and art the artist is largely ARAAHA show at ala noanamoana center in 1982 involved with unifying contrasts contrasts of light and dark and of shapes and spaces yet may I1 add there is something greater than an oil painting of the unique coral flower I1 desired to paint all art work and that is the work of art that can take place in each this as a study in light and shadow it is history in that it person on earthearch each of us can be true artistsartiste and unify the portrays one aspect of our environment in hawaii it is titled contrast of a mortal man or woman with our divine spirit in the coral flowers in hawaii it was inthein theche ghaAHAARA show at ala moansmoana center oneness vewe can achieve with the spirit we can move toward our eternal in 1982 destiny to become perfect in our sphere as god is in heaven an acrylic painting shows the view from the top of tantalus A human being in the process of transformation mountain our family has many times hiked a certain tantalus trail A carnal being who is born of godgodlgodi and sat on a platform at the top and viewed the island I1 titled the the finite becoming infinite painting A view from above thinking in my mind of the view of mortal becoming immortalImmortallortaliI1 heavenly father it was selected to be in the 1982 easter art man and woman becoming a living work of art a masterpiece festival at ala moana center the artist becoming an artlartarc our two sons away from home winston and jeffrey have yet to be these are the goals of humandivinehuman divine art portrayed by their mothers history motivated paint brush in the last two years five years ago I1 did unfinished head studies of them but I1 let me read with open eyes the book my life is writing and look forward to painting visualvisualbiographiesbiographies of our two fine returned learn yes our lives are the history of the church in polynesia missionary sons and their companions and our grandchildren it is my hope that we villwill all be diligent in recording our histories in written form as well as on tapes and through the use of I1 have hundreds of drawings paintings and sculptures in my photographs drawings paintings and sculpture may my personal mind if I1 aaam privileged to live longer on earth I1 shall endeavor to sharing of history recorded by art work encourage you to use art work record more of our history in art work in your histories remember that art and history are combined in an embrace of love and beauty a legacy for all time A number of sisters in the church have asked me to paint portraits of themselves their husbands parents or children so they

39 TONGA A receptacle of new concepts KUPU MONO TOLL1 by hono toluTOLI bailemilemli wolfgranmwolfgramm 9 laatinaati e& lolo a halaevalu mo a fanga ai1ii he si you are the sweet fragrance from lolo a halaevalu and from LECTURE OUTLINE the fanga ai1ii he si your parents

introduction 0 10 ko a pine fakamau o akuekuekli nofo mamani an operational definition of culture your parents are the fastening pin to your life on earth A tongan definition of culture 11 lau takalimatakalima he ngathingaahi haa ko akueku palakalafipalak alafi comments on syncretism your relationships to other men is in your genealogy

the functional role of the poet in tongan society 0 0 121 fale o a mafima fi mo a fuakava o a nofono fo langi moana ofahengaue an example of creative expression of mormon doctrine alallusion1 usiubiubl on to the house of the almightytempleAlmighty temple and eternal in tongan expressive forms marriage performance of compositions by moana ofahengaue and PCC associates KUPU HONCHONO 4 conclusion questions and answers 1713 eukalesiaigukalesiaEu kalesia 0 o a moui ni fakamatelie eucharist overcoming of mortality KO E MAAMALDAMAAMALOA 0 E m0mamoulMOUIUI fakalaumalie 10 ULUAKIULL I1 KUPU 14 kuo u ikunaakuna ae palopalomesimesi lo a telesitiale I1 have triumphed over the promise of the this telestial 1 he vahanoa i amelika noate mo a saute life within the vast expanse of and oga north south dakota america 15 10faofa0 fa ke muiakimuraki ola tama tuu he fae may you seek to follow obediently the counsel from your 2 kumi ki he maamaloaMaamaloa a haulmaulmc ui fakalaumaliefakalaumalia mother seek recognition through missionary service 16 he ko a ulu ko ae tapuaki fakapeteliakefakapeteltake 3 fokotuu ko a kabasakapaeakapasakapada meimai he faamailefuamaileFuamaile for the leader of your family and future is the your that which has been established as a directive from your blessing source parents patriarchal TAU 4 tukufuaanga a fonondafononga a a kalisitianekali&itiane beginning on the the journey of a christian disciple 17 liuasiliuaki a mua a siloniasiemslemwio siutaka loyallyroyally return fromsio your mission KUPUKLJPU HONOHOMO DAUA 18 inisenisiIni senisi he opaofao fa ni ho omo toutouangaanga parental love envelopes your missionary dedication 5 kiakipunaekiakipunaEkiaki puna tongobongo mo fungabunga Onlonroneon this you fioniafionoa onetakalonetakaetaka are the white tavake of coloakoloa and navutokaNavutoka parents 19 ko ae ngataanga pea ma a kamatakamataangaanga omega and beginning alpha of all 0 this the ending the 6 halahaiahalhai a ki langi mo a ana lo10o hina is things thesii road to heaven and cave of hina reference to koloafather sione he 20 malae 0 a ae llaliailo10 mo ae poto lo10 a tangatatrangata this is the arena for knowledge and intelligence of man 7 matalikimatalskiMat aliki a pupunhapupunga lose he fala lautoa eternal marriage budding blossoms of rose appear from fala louicaloutoaloutca coloakoloa referring to henell he the missionary 8 ko e laukauanga ia 0 o a ngathingaahingaahl loutantoutantoutangatatoqutangatagata moana oahengaueofahengaue A source of pride to succeeding siblings 1982

40