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THE BAJANAMA INSCRIPTION of JAGATASENA Basudevlal Das Department of History, TU, TRM Campus, Birganj (Nepal)

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THE BAJANAMA INSCRIPTION of JAGATASENA Basudevlal Das Department of History, TU, TRM Campus, Birganj (Nepal) Academic Voices A Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 2, N0. 1, 2012 THE BAJANAMA INSCRIPTION OF JAGATASENA Basudevlal Das Department of History, TU, TRM Campus, Birganj (Nepal) . Abstract The Sena dynasty was established in Nepal after its downfall in Bengal. The Senas were orthodox Hindus. The kingdom of Makawanpur was ruled by the kings of Sena dynasty. Janakpur was situated within its territory. The condition of Janaki Temple Monastery of Janakpur became pitiable and the monk called the king for the betterment of the monastery. But the state was unable to do, so the Bajanama, a kind of desistance paper, was given in 1733 AD. This paper is written to thirough lights on the matters of economic condition of the state, the official language which is a mixed form of Hindi, Bhojpuri and Urdu words and the writing of script Nagari. Key words Sena dynasty of Bengal, Makawanpur, Janaki temple Monastery, Jagatasena, Harinarayan Das. Introduction dynasty (Deptt. Of Informations. 2031 V.S. : p.961). This kingdom was expanded over the Regional history is an unavoidable part of vast area which comprises twenty two districts national history. When talking about the of present-day Nepal in different periods. In history of Nepal, its regional historical contexts are very much important. Among Sena period, there were so many inscriptions the dynasties which ruled over the land of issued in different places and in different Nepal in different historical periods, the forms. Among these, the Bajanama, a kind of Sena dynasty of Makawanpur is an important desistance from the authority of a monastery one. The Senas has played an important was issued by the state of Makawanpur and role in history of Nepal, particularly in the given to the monk Harinarayan ‘Das of Janaki history of Tarai region of mediaeval period. Temple of Janakpurdham in 1733 AD. Makawanpur is the name of a district in Narayani Zone of Nepal. Some centuries ago, The Senas of Makawanpur were the this was a kingdom ruled by the kings of Sena descendants of Sena dynasty of Bengal. The 1 Basudevlal Das Sena family, that ruled in Bengal after the Palas, the rule of Lakshmanasena, Muhammad ibn originally belonged to Karnata in South India Bakhtyar Khilji invaded Bengal in 1202 AD. (Majumdar. 1943 : p.259-261). According to Acconding to the Muslim source, upto 1260 the Deopada Stone Inscription of Vijayasena, AD, the descendants of Lakshmanasena ruled the Senas claim to belong to the lunar-race. In over Bengal (Pathak. 1990 : p.305-315). this inscription, it is said that in the lineage After the downfall of Sena dynasty in Bengal, of the moon, were born Virasena and others the descendants of the dynasty proceeded who were kings of Dakshinatya iDakshinatya towards different provinces on which they and Kshaunindra). In that Sena family (Senanvaya) their ancestors had some influences. Though, was born Samantasena, the head-garland the historians differ in the opinion that the (Kulashirodama) of the Brahma-Kshatriya Senas ruled over Mithila, nevertheless, they community who slaughtered the wicked show the possibilities that some minor lines robbers of the wealth of Karnatas (Karnata of Senas had something to do particularly Lakshmi Luntakanama) (Sircar.1983 : p.114- with the province of Mithila (Mishra.l 979 116). The term Brahma-Kshatriya means : p.48). In an evidence, the Bengal province Brahmana and Kshatriya. In ancient times of Mithila included the whole of the country the line of demarcation between Brahmanas called Morang and Birbandh is said to be and Kshatriyas, that is to say, between the the dividing line between the Karnatas of learned and the warrior groups of castes, Mithila and the Senas of Bengal (Chaudhary. was not sharply defined. It was often crossed, l958 : p.99). Morang is at present the name sometimes by change of occupation, and at of a district in Koshi Zone of Nepal. This is other times by intermarriage. Ordinarily the situated on the eastside of river Koshi and in position of leading Brahmana at court was the westside of river, there isSaptari district of that of minister, but sometimes the Brahmana Sagarmatha Zone. There are circumstantial preferred to rule directly, and himself seized proofs, by which we have come to know that the throne. This in early times; the Shunga the Senas settled first in the Saptari area of and Kanva royal families were Brahmanas. Nepal (Das.20 1 0 : p.36-39). During the then transitional stage, while a Brahmana family was passing into the Kshatriya group of castes, it was often known Inscrition of Jagatasena by the composite designation of Brahama- The first person of this dynasty who Kshatriya (Smith.1981 : p.191). Samantasena established the rule over the land of Nepal seems to attempt first and occupied a small area was Mukundasena towards first half of area in the north side of Rarha in Burdhavan the thirteenth century. From this time how District. By the endeavours of Samantasena, many rulers were and what are their names his son Hemantasena became able to enjoy the are not said obviously in any source. The real royal authority. Vallalasena was grandson best and foremost source of the subject is of Hemantasena. In his reign, his rule was Sena Vanshavali (Rajvanshi.2020 V.S.). But in extended to some parts of Mit hila. Though this book, there are the genealogies of Sena his capital was in Bengal, his representatives dynasty written by different authors and in worked in the territories beyond the different types. In a source, Mukundasena Vol. 2, N0. 1, 2012 Vol. capital. Somewhere the prince was also or Makandasena is considered as the Raja of deputed as representative and it is said that Makawanpur and the ancestor of the Sena Lakshmanasena, son of Vallalasena, worked family (Hamilton.1986 : p.128). Though the for a long time in Mithila as Kumaramatya seat of Makawanpur was established earlier, in the reign of his father. This is the cause the clear descriptions are not available that the Lakshmana Samvat was prevailing till the king Mukundasena II, the father Academic Voices, Voices, Academic in Mithila more than that in Bengal. During of Lohangasena. Hemakamasena was the 2 THE BAJANAMA INSCRIPTION OF JAGATASENA descendant of Lohangasena and he became b:tvt ughut;]g 7fs'/k6jf/L uf]jfx gGxs' /fptcf] the king of Makawanpur in 1730 AD after his /fdd08n cf] dª? /fg cf] a]r' d08n ;flsg hgsk'/ father Manikasena. Jagatasena was brother k|uGgf sf]/f8L= of Hemakamasena and so he was a prince of the state. The Senas were orthodox Hindus English version of the (Smith.1981 : p.97-98). In the Sena period, all Inscriptions- the aspects of Hindu religion flourished. They were patrons of Shaivism and Vaishnavism . (The desistance paper is given through Sri Many Shaivite and Vaishnavite monasteries Mahinath Pajiyar, place Janakpur, Praganna in different places were established in those Korari, Further, the settlement of the days. There is not any evidence available of the monastery failed which was made by our Senas about other religions except Hinduism ancestor. Then the head-priest Harinarayan (Pandey. 1988 : p.119). Das called us and said to maintain the glorious monastery of ancestor. But we had The Original text of the no capability to do, so we wrote the desistance Inscription: paper. In future, if any altercations from our side occurs, that will be false. It is dated Samvat 1789 Sal Push Sudi 15 place Janakpur. Signature made by Janatasena, Thakur Patwari, Witness Nanhku Raut and Ram Mandal and MangaruRan and Bechu Mandai residents of Janakpur Praganna Korari. ) An inscription of Jagatasena is found in the possession of the Janaki Temple at Janakpurdham, Nepal, The script of inscription is Nagari. In those days, the Nagari script was prevalent in writings. This script was popular in writing the official papers and personal letters also in North Bihar area till the British period. This inscription is a Bajanama, a kind of desistance from the management of the monastery dated 1733 AD and the place mentioned of its issue is Janakpur. Jagatasena was a prince of Makawanpur and the area of Janakpur was within the Transliteration of Inscription in territory ofthe kingdom of Makawanpur. Devnagari Script: Janaki Temple Monastery of Janakpurdham is an old monastery of seventeenth century xl/gf/fo0fbf; established by monk Soorkishor Das. Monk afhgfdf bfb} >L dlxgfy klhof/ :yfg hgsk'/ k/uGgf Harinarayan Das was the fourth monk of the monastery (Kama and Rimal. 2065 V.S.: p.88- sf]/f8L= cfu] xd/f k'vf{sf d7 agfof yf ;f] ;/bf]j:t 2, N0. 1, 2012 Vol. d7 6'6 uof ta xdsf] a'nfo s] dxGy >L=== Ho" sxf hf] 89). At the time of monk Harinarayan Das, ckgf k'vf{sf sLtL{ d7 agfcf] ;f] xdsf] ;d/y k|e'tf the conditions of monastery became pitiable. glx+ yf dlGbnsf afhgfdf lnv lbof hf] sfn snf xd/f So, the monk called the king of Makawanpur sf]O{ dlGbnsf t/km ts/f/ sl/x} tf] ;f/f tf]/f e'm7f to do something for toe betterment of the xf]O{ ;Djt !&*( ;fn k'z ;'lb !% /f]h dsfd hgsk'/ monastery. It seems, at that time, the state was unable to provide necessary assistance :yfg ;'Gtd= Voices, Academic for the maintenance and betterment of the 3 Basudevlal Das monastery. So, this kind of desistance paper History of Nepal 1518-1762 AD. Birganj : Bharati was issued. Afterwards, in 1735 AD, Jagatasena Nilaya. took the position of the kingdom ofChaudandi (Regmi.1975 : p.240). Department of Informations. (2031 V.S.). Mechidekhi Mahakali. Part - Madhyamanchala.Kathmandu: Conclusion HMG, Ministry of Communication.
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