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Catálogo, Le Diríamos Que Aquí Encontrará River ARMADO cat 32 014_fin.indd 1 02/04/2014 04:20:06 p.m. Este festival está dedicado a la memoria de Ronald Melzer y Oribe Irigoyen ARMADO cat 32 014_fin.indd 2 02/04/2014 04:20:06 p.m. FESTIVAL CINEMATOGRÁFICO INTERNACIONAL DEL URUGUAY Los festivales de cine ni son inocentes, ni nacen de espaldas a la sociedad Han pasado 32 años de aquel festival y ya no hay dictadura, pero en la que se desarrollan y sus tensiones políticas y sociales. De hecho, algunas cosas no han cambiado tanto. La Cinemateca es la de siempre: el primer festival internacional realizado con regularidad fue la Mostra con pocos recursos y una tarea grande: la de preservar el patrimonio di Venezia. Sus fuertes lazos con el fascismo y el regimen de Mussolini audiovisual de nuestro país y exhibir el cine que no se exhibe. El festi- llevaron a que franceses, británicos y estadounidenses crearan el festival val y la propia Cinemateca siguen sosteniéndose como antaño, con poco de Cannes en 1939. Pero Hitler invadió Polonia y el Festival de Cannes fue presupuesto, con mucho sacrificio y trabajo, con escasos apoyos públicos cancelado hasta 1946. Cannes no será inmune a otra época de grandes y con el apoyo decidido de la gente. Y si bien ya no hay censura, la homo- tensiones políticas, es decir el ’68 francés, con Godard, Lelouch y Truffaut geneidad de lo que se exhibe en nuestro país es tal, que a lo largo de 2013 deteniendo el festival en solidaridad con los estudiantes y obreros en se estrenaron 115 películas de los Estados Unidos, pero el cine de Italia huelga y pidiendo el reintegro de Henri Langlois a su puesto de director solo mereció un estreno, al igual que el de Japón (un anime doblado al de la Cinémathèque Française. español), el de Alemania (un estreno, doblado al francés) o el de Brasil Por otra parte, el festival de Berlin no se entiende si no se comprende (un estreno, afortunadamente, hablado en portugués). Sin embargo, a su posición en el centro de la guerra fría. Surge como una provocación estos países les fue bien, considerando que no hubo ningún estreno de deliberada a Berlín Oriental y, por elevación, a la Unión Soviética. La Suiza o Portugal, de México o Chile, de Suecia o Polonia, entre muchos Alemania del Este recibió el mensaje y contestó con otro festival, el de otros países que no logran que ni una sola de sus películas se exhiba en Leipzig, que exhibía fundamentalmente films de Europa del Este, Cuba y el las pantallas de Uruguay. resto de Latinoamérica. Significativamente, el de Leipzig era un festival de Así, este festival, como extensión y fortalecimiento de lo que mes a documentales. Otros festivales, como el de Pusan o Toronto, se construye- mes realiza la Cinemateca, sigue siendo lo que fue siempre: un lugar ron como una manera de impulsar sus cinematografías nacionales y, en el donde presentar el cine del mundo –de Italia a Camerún, de Líbano a caso del de Toronto, de cerrar la brecha entre canadienses angloparlantes Canadá, pasando por Ecuador y llegando a Palestina, yendo a Rusia vía y francófonos contra la invasión del cine de Hollywood. Otros festivales Israel, deteniéndonos en Portugal, Francia y Suiza, cruzando a Argentina, se han localizado en ciudades y fechas que tienen como finalidad atraer Brasil o Chile y dando también un salto hasta los Estados Unidos para visitantes interesados en el turismo cultural de baja temporada (Mar del atravesar el muro en sentido contrario y llegar a México–, porque lo que Plata, Locarno, San Sebastián) y aún otros, buscan cambiar el rostro de podemos esperar, de acuerdo a lo que viene sucediendo en la exhibición las ciudades, como el de Oberhausen, anclado en una ciudad minera e en Uruguay, es menos cine independiente, menos cine europeo, menos industrial, o el de Rotterdam, en una ciudad eminentemente portuaria. cine latinoamericano, menos cine uruguayo. Esto quiere decir que los festivales de cine no son sólo de, para y por La Cinemateca también sigue siendo la de antaño y es por eso que el cine. Nacen y se desarrollan por razones políticas, sociales, económicas celebramos que en esta edición del festival haya una presentación, a car- y culturales. Y, muchas veces, nacen contra el poder o simbolizan poderes go de Nelson Carro, que exhibirá fragmentos del primer largometraje alternativos, a los que representan y agrupan. uruguayo, Almas de la Costa de Juan Antonio Borges, de 1923 y donde explicará cuales fueron los desafíos y los problemas que encontró para su El Festival Internacional del Uruguay nació en plena dictadura. Hoy, cuan- reconstrucción, a partir de materiales guardados en la Cinemateca y en el do pensamos en la dictadura uruguaya creemos que despues del ’80, del Archivo Nacional de la Imagen. Es una suerte que al menos un uruguayo triunfo del NO en el referendum, la dictadura ya no fue lo que era, pero logre en México, lo que en nuestro país parece siempre imposible, es decir, la verdad es que entre el 1981 y 1984, la represión fue tan feroz como recuperar el patrimonio audiovisual del Uruguay. siempre, las prohibiciones tan en vigor como antes y el peligro para las Celebramos, en suma, que la Cinemateca siga existiendo a pesar de personas estaba tan presente como en los primeros días. De hecho, la todo, una institución y un festival que pueden ser muchas cosas, menos, dictadura siguó cobrando vidas hasta abril de 1984, con la muerte bajo inocentes. Y es que si uno no se ocupa de la política (cultural), la política tortura de Vladimir Roslik. (y el mercado) definitivamente, se ocupan de uno. Organizar un festival de cine en 1982 era temerario. Sobre todo si se exhibían películas latinoamericanas y del bloque socialista, películas europeas de directoras como Pilar Miró, películas que hablaban direc- tamente a las personas de lo que, de otra manera, no podían hablar, películas que le permitía a la gente reunirse en torno al cine y compartir un espacio donde se respiraba libertad. El festival era una expresión del fortalecimiento de lo que la Cinemateca hacía todos los meses, que era traer el cine que no se exhibía en ninguna otra parte. Era una manera de tentar la suerte y ver si se podía ir un paso más allá, porque todo territorio ganado para la libertad y la cultura era territorio perdido para la censura y el miedo. ARMADO cat 32 014_fin.indd 3 02/04/2014 04:20:06 p.m. INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL OF URUGUAY Film festivals are neither innocent nor born with their backs turned to same as always, with little resources and a big task: preserving our coun- the society in which they develop and its political and social tensions. try’s audiovisual heritage and showing the cinema which is not shown. In fact, the first international festival regularly held was the Mostra di The festival and Cinemateca itself continue to stand as in the past: with Venezia. Its strong ties to fascism and Mussolini’s regime led the French, little budget, a lot of work and sacrifice, with scarce support from the State British and Americans to create the Cannes Film Festival in 1939. However, and with the people’s determined support. And even though there is no Hitler invaded Poland and the Cannes Festival was canceled until 1946. censorship, the homogeneity of what is shown in our country is such that Cannes will not be immune to another time of great political tension, in 2013, 115 American films premiered in Uruguay, but only one Italian film i.e. May ‘68 in France, with Godard, Lelouch and Truffaut stopping the was shown, which was also the case for Japan (an animated film which festival in solidarity with the students and workers on strike and asking was dubbed into Spanish), Germany (one new film dubbed into French) for the reinstatement of Henri Langlois to his position as director of the and Brazil (one new film which was luckily in the original Portuguese). Cinémathèque Française. However, these countries had it better than others, considering there were SUMARIO Moreover, the festival in Berlin cannot be understood without un- no premieres from Switzerland or Portugal, Mexico or Chile, Sweden or derstanding its position at the centre of the Cold War. It emerges as a Poland, among many other countries which cannot manage to have even deliberate provocation to East Berlin and, thus, to the Soviet Union. East one of their films shown in Uruguayan screens. Germany got the message and replied with another festival, Leipzig’s, In this way, this festival, as extension and strengthening of what Cin- which mainly exhibited films from Eastern Europe, Cuba and the rest of emateca does every month, is still what it has always been: a place to show Latin America. Leipzig festival was significantly a documentary festival. the world’s cinema –from Italy to Cameroon, from Lebanon to Canada, Other festivals, such as the ones in Pusan a nd Toronto, were built as a way going through Ecuador and reaching Palestine, going to Russia via Israel, E ÍNDICE to boost their national cinemas and, in the case of Toronto, to bridge the stopping in Portugal, France and Switzerland, going across Argentina, gap between English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians against Brazil or Chile and also jumping to the United Stated to go through the the invasion of Hollywood. Other festivals are located in cities and take wall in the opposite direction and reach Mexico-, because what we can ex- place in dates that are intended to attract interest in low-season cultural pect, in accordance to what has been happening in Uruguayan screenings, tourism (Mar del Plata, Locarno, San Sebastian ), and others even try to is less independent cinema, less European cinema, less Latin American change the face of the cities, such as Oberhausen’s, anchored in a mining cinema, less Uruguayan cinema.
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