DOCSLIB.ORG

Travels Into Bokhara; Being the Account of a Journey from India To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Travels Into Bokhara; Being the Account of a Journey from India To si <^ n*!! #' % %, <<• Sy' cfit cct '<ril30NVS01^ .^V\E•UNIVER% <S' — ^ . _ o -v^lllBRARY^'/ ^,OF•CALIFO%. .^V\EUNIVER5•/A '^ <s — 13 , ^WEUNIVERiV/, S3 ^UIBRa/^^' lYL TRAVELS INTO BOKHARA, VOL. Ill, London : Printed l)y A. SroxriswooDE, Ne\v-St!C'(.'t-Squarc, -I ft i^i TRAVELS BOKHARA; BEING THE ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY FROM INDIA TO CABOOL, TARTARY, AND PERSIA; ALSO, NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE ON THE INDUS, FROM THE SEA TO LAHORE, WITH PRESENTS FROM THE KIMG OF GREAT BRITAIV ; PERFORMED UNDER THE ORDERS OF THE SUPREME GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, IN THE YEARS 1831, 1832, AND 1833. BY LIEUT. ALEX'^ BURNES, F.R.S. OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S SERVICE ; AST POLITICAL RESIDENT IN CUTCH, AND LATE ON A MISSION TO THE COURT OF LAHORE. " Pel" syrtt's iter ;ostiiosas, jiir iii/iosjiifalem Ccnicti.<uin, vel quce locu fubidonus l.umhit Ili/daspes." Hon. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. III. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. MDCCCXXXIV. OK fTCS V.5 THIS THIRD VOLUME TRAVELS INTO BOKHARA, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE RIVER INDUS, IS INSCRIBED TO THE MEMORY OF THE LATE MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN MALCOLM, G.C.B. &c. &c. &c. IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE, THE AUTHOR. A 3 819906 NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE BY THE RIVER INDUS, FROM THE SEA TO THE COURT OF LAHORE IN THE PUNJAB, WITH PRESENTS FROM THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN; COMPRISING AN ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE MISSION, AND A MEMOIR OF THE RIVER INDUS, WITH CURSORY REMARKS ON THE REMAINS OF ANTIQUITY NEAR THAT CLASSICAL AND CELEBRATED STREAM. A 1- INTRODUCTION. I WAS employed as an officer of the Qiiarter- master-general*s department, for several years, in the province of Cutch. In the conrse of en- quiries into its geography and history, I visited the eastern mouth of the Indus, to which the country adjoins, as well as that singular tract called the " Run," into which that river flows. The extension of our knowledge in that quarter served only to excite further curiosity, in which I was stimulated by Lieut-General Sir Thomas Bradford, then Commander-in-Chief of the Bom- bay army. That officer directed his views, in a most enlightened manner, to the acquisition of every information regarding a frontier so im- portant to Britain as that of north-western India. Encouraged by such approbation, for which I am deeply grateful, I volunteered my services, X INTRODUCTION. in the year 1829, to traverse the deserts between India and, the Indus, and finally, endeavour to descend that river to the sea. Such a journey involved matters of political moment ; but the government of Bombay was then held by an in- dividual distinguished above all others, by zeal in the cause of Asiatic geography and literature. Sir John Malcolm despatched me at once, in prosecution of the design, and was pleased to remove me to the political branch of the service, observing, that I should be then invested " with " influence with the rulers, through whose " country I travelled, that would tend greatly " to allay that jealousy and alarm, which miglit *' impede, if they did not arrest, the progress of *' my enquiries." In the year 1830, I entered the desert, ac- companied by Lieut. James Holland, of the Quartermaster-general's department, an officer ably qualified to assist me. After reaching Jaysulmeer, we were overtaken by an express from the Supreme Government of India, desiring us to return, since at that time '' it was deemed INTRODUCTION. xi " inexpedient to incur the hazard of exciting " the alarm and jealousy of the rulers of Sinde, " and other foreign states, by the prosecution of " the design." This disappointment, then most acutely felt, was dissipated in the following year, by the arrival of presents from the King of Great Britain for the ruler of Lahore, coupled, at the same time, with the desire that such an oppor- tunity for acquiring correct information of the Indus should not be overlooked. The following work contains the narrative of that mission, which I conducted by the Indus to Lahore. The information which I collected, relative to Jaysulmeer and the countries on the N. W. fron- tier of India, has just been published in the Transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of London. London, June 7. 1834. —- CONTENTS OF THE THIRD VOLUME, Page IXTRODUCTIOX - - ... - ix CHAPTER L Arrival of presents from the King of England — Inform- ation on the Indus desired — Suggestions for procuring it — Appointed to conduct the Mission to Lahore — Departure from Cutch — Ability of the Navigators — Arrival in the Indus — Phenomena — Scenes of Alex- ander's Campaigns — Ebb and flow of the Tides Correctness of Quintus Curtius — Visited by the Au- thorities — Forced out of the Country — Correspond- ence — Return to the Indus — Imminent Danger — Starved out of the Country — Third Voyage to the Indus — Land in Sinde — Negotiations — Advance on Tatta — Sindian Policy and Reasoning — Successful Negotiations - - - - - 2 CHAP. II. Tatta described — Hinglaj, a famous Pilgrimage — Re- turn to the Sea-coast — Notions of the People Alexander's Journey — Embarkation on the River — Anecdote — Strictness of Religious Observances — Pulla Fish — Arrival at Hydrabad — Welcome of the Rulers — Presentation at Court — Sindian ^Meanness — Audience of Leave — Scenery near the Capital - SO XIV CONTENTS. Page CHAP. III. Depai'ture from Hydrabad — Sehwun — Crew of the Boats — A Sindian Song — Sehwun described — Reasons for supposing it to be the Territory of the Sindomanni — Pilgrimage — High Antiquity of the Castle of Sehwun — Congratulations from the Ruler of Khyrpoor — Address that Personage — Character of the People — The Indus —Visited by the Vizier of Sinde — Arrival at Khyrpoor — Audience with the Chief—Character of the Sindian Rulers — Arrival at Bukkur — Amusing Predictions — Anecdote of an Afghan — Mihmandar— Alore described — Supposi- tion of its being the Kingdom of Musicanus - - 51 CHAP. IV. Quit Bukkur — Curiosity of the People — Reach the Frontiers of Sinde — Farewell Letters — Creditable Behaviour in our Escort — Fish Diet — Costume — Enter Bhawul Khan's Country — Quit the Indus at Mittun — Effects of this River on the Climate — En- ter the Chenab or Acesines — Incident at Ooch — Ar- rival of Bhawul Khan — Interview with him — Merchants of Bhawulpoor — History of Ooch — Visited by Bhawul Khan — Mountains — Pass the Sutlcge — Peculiarity in the Water of two Rivers — Simplicity of the Mihmandar — Enter Runjeet Sing's Country — Honourable Reception — Exhibition of the Dray-horses — Orders of the Court - - 81 CHAP. V. Voyage in the Country of the Sciks — Shoojuabad — Mooltan ; its Antiquity — Probably the Capital of the Malli — Public Buildings — Religious Intolerance — Climate — Phenomena — Date-trees ; Traditions of their introduction — Quit Mooltan — Peloo Shrub — CONTENTS, XV Page — Arrangements for our Advance so Lahore — Alex- ander the Great — Enter the Ravee, or Hydriiotes — Tolumba — Visit the Hydaspes — Description of its confluence with the Chenab — Probable identity of a Modern Tribe with the Cathaei — Ruins of Shorkote — Valuable Bactrian Coin found at it — Birds and Reptiles — Heat — Ruins of Harappa — A Tiger Hunt — Seik Courage — Intelligence of the Mihman- dar — Letter and Deputation from Lahore — Seik Females ---... 108 CHAP. VL Enter Lahore — Presentation to Runjeet Sing —De- livery of the Presents — Copy of a Letter from the King of England — Stud — Hall of Audience — Mi- litary Spectacle — Conversations of Runjeet Sing — Amazons — French Officers — City of Lahore — Tomb of Juhangeer — Shalimar of Shah Jehan — Horse Ar- tillery Review — Character of Runjeet Sing — Au- dience of Leave — Superb Jewels — Dresses of Honour — Runjeet Sing's Letter to the King — Quit Lahore —Umritsir ; its Temples — Reach the Beas, or Hypha- sis — Fete of a Seik Chieftain — Reach the Sutlege Antiquities of the Punjab — Arrival at Lodiana — Exiled Kings of Cabool — Visit them — Journey to the Himalaya Mountains — Interview with the Go- vernor-general — Acknowledgments of his Lordship 148 MEMOIR ON THE INDUS AND ITS TRIBUTARY RIVERS IN THE PUNJAB. Notice regarding the Map of the Indus - - 193 CHAPTER L A general view of the Indus - - - - 199 — Xvi CONTENTS. CHAP. II. Page A comparison of the Indus and Ganges — Propriety of the comparison — Size of the Ganges — Of the Indus — Compared — Slope of the Indus — Conclusions from it — Tides in both Rivers ... 203 CHAP. III. ON SINDE. Extent of the Country — Chiefs and Revenue — Power and Conquests — Military Strength — Connection with Persia — External Policy — Internal State — Hydra- bad Family — Khyrpoor Family — Meerpoor Family — Condition of the People — Population - -212 CHAP. IV. ON THE MOUTHS OF THE INDUS. Division of the Indus into two gi*eat branches below Tatta — Sata — Buggar — Delta ; its extent — Dan- gers in navigating it — Eleven Mouths of the Indus — The Pittee — Pieteeanee, Jooa^ Reechel, Hujamree Khedywaree, Gora, or Wanyanee — Khaeer, Mull, Seer —Koree, or Eastern Mouth — Advantage of these to Sinde — Coast of Sinde — Tides of the Indus — Curachee Seaport — Boats of the Indus; Dingoes and Doondees — Indus adapted for Steam-vessels — Mili- - - tary remarks on the River . - 228 CHAP. V. ON THE DELTA OF THE INDUS. Inundation of the Delta — Extent — Neglected State — Towns — Population — Jokea Tribe — Fisheries — Animals — Productions — Climate - - - 249 CONTENTS. XVll CHAP. VI. THE INDUS FROM TATTA TO HYDRABAD. Page Sand-banks — Course of the River — Towns — Country Supplies — Trade — Means of improving it — Boats; their Deficiency ----- 255 CHAP. VH. THE INDUS FROM HYDRABAD TO SEHWUN. Course and Depth — Fulailee River — Current — Im- portance of this Part of the River — Crossing the Indus — Navigation of it ~ Towns — Sehwun — Mountains of Lukkee - . - . 260 CHAP. VIII. THE INDUS FROM SEHWUN TO BUKKUR. Position of Bukkur — FertiHty of the Country —Current —Eastern Bank of the Indus — Western Bank — For- tress of Bukkur — Roree and Sukkur — Alore ; its Antiquity — Khyrpoor and Larkhanu — Productions of the Soil - - - - - - 267 CHAP. IX. THE INDUS FROM BUKKUR, TILL JOINED BY THE PUNJAB RIVERS.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat
    IDSA Monograph Series No. 9 December 2012 In Pursuit of a Shield: US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat S. Samuel C. Rajiv US, MISSILE DEFENCE AND THE IRAN THREAT | 1 IDSA Monograph Series No. 9 December 2012 In Pursuit of a Shield: US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat S. Samuel C. Rajiv 2 | IDSA MONOGRAPH SERIES Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA). ISBN: 978-93-82169-08-6 Disclaimer: It is certified that views expressed and suggestions made in this Monograph have been made by the author in his personal capacity and do not have any official endorsement. First Published: December 2012 Price: Rs. 299/- Published by: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Delhi Cantt., New Delhi - 110 010 Tel. (91-11) 2671-7983 Fax.(91-11) 2615 4191 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.idsa.in Cover & Layout by: Geeta Kumari Printed by: Omega Offset 83, DSIDC Complex, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase I New Delhi-110 020 Mob. 8826709969, 8802887604 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.omegaoffset.co.nr US, MISSILE DEFENCE AND THE IRAN THREAT | 3 Contents Acknolwedgement.......................................................................................5 I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................7 II. US AND IRAN: THREE DECADES OF CONTENTIOUS RELATIONS..................................................10 III. US STRATEGIC ASSESSMENTS AND IRAN.....................16 Missile Threat Nuclear Threat IV.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Signatories Family Members of the Victims and Former Political
    List of Signatories Family Members of the Victims and Former Political Prisoners 1 Abani, Ali Former Political Prisoner, Political Activist and University Professor 2 Alavi, Dr. Hossain Physician and brother of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 3 Alavi, Edina M. Family member of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 4 Alavi, Laleh Sister of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 5 Alavi, Mark M. Brother of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 6 Alavi, Ramin Nephew of the victims Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 7 Alizadeh, Solmaz Daughter of the victim Mahmoud Alizadeh 8 Bakian, Hasti Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 9 Bakian, Kayhan Nephew of the victim Bijan Bazargan 10 BaniAsad, Hanna Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 11 BaniAsad, Leila Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 12 Bazargan, Babak Brother of the victim Bijan Bazargan 13 Bazargan, Banafsheh Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 14 Bazargan, Dr. Niloofar Physician and sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 15 Bazargan, Laleh Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 16 Bazargan, Lawdan Former Political Prisoner & Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan & Political & Human Rights Activist 17 Behkish, Mansureh Former Political Prisoner & Sister of the Victims Zahra Behkish, Mohammad Reza Behkish, Mohsen Behkish, Mohammad Ali Behkish, Mahmoud Behkish and Sister- in-Law of victim Siamak Asadian 18 Boroumand, Dr. Ladan Co-founder of the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation; Daughter of the Victim Abdorrahman Boroumand 19 Boroumand, Dr. Roya Executive Director of the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation; Daughter of the Victim Abdorrahman Boroumand 20 Damavandi, Ali Brother of the victim Mohammad Seyed Mohesen Damavandi 21 Damghani, Saman Family Member of one of the Victims of 1988 22 Ebrahim Zadeh, Bagher Brother of the victim Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism
    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.
    [Show full text]
  • Nss Fights Covid-19 "Stay Informed Stay Safe"
    Office of the Programme Coordinator National Service Scheme (NSS) Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of India University of Kashmir (NAAC ACCREDITED GRADE “A +") Not Me But You NSS FIGHTS COVID-19 "STAY INFORMED STAY SAFE" LIST OF NSS VOLUNTEERS S. NO. VOLUNTEER INSTITUTION DISTRICT MOB. NO. 1 Muneera Ali University of Kashmir Srinagar 6005580083 2 Mariya Chishti University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006155919 3 Khushboo Akhoon University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006863318 4 Seerat Ul Ayoub University of Kashmir Srinagar 9541652933 5 Syed Rukhsana University of Kashmir Srinagar 9622844594 6 Bisma Yousuf Wani University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006594616 7 Ienan Niyaz University of Kashmir Srinagar 9541699866 8 Eshan University of Kashmir Srinagar 9622643282 9 Badil Showkat University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006909119 10 Noffal Majeed University of Kashmir Srinagar 9906521083 11 Amer Ahmad Bhat University of Kashmir Srinagar 7889746683 12 Arif Ahmed Bhat University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006304986 13 Saiqa Nazir University of Kashmir Srinagar 6005301900 14 Nowsheeba Latief University of Kashmir Srinagar 9541624070 15 Insha Aziz University of Kashmir Srinagar 6005128198 16 Shaziya Murtaza University of Kashmir Srinagar 8082287499 17 Aksa Bashir University of Kashmir Srinagar 8803423468 18 Urba Javaid University of Kashmir Srinagar 8493071148 19 Umair University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006297317 20 Arzaana Lateef University of Kashmir Srinagar 7006054551 21 Rizwana Rehman University of Kashmir Srinagar 9149644414 22 Irshad Hussain Wani University
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: a Historical
    ROLE OF PERSIANS AT THE MUGHAL COURT: A HISTORICAL STUDY, DURING 1526 A.D. TO 1707 A.D. PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED BY, MUHAMMAD ZIAUDDIN SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. MUNIR AHMED BALOCH IN THE AREA STUDY CENTRE FOR MIDDLE EAST & ARAB COUNTRIES UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN QUETTA, PAKISTAN. FOR THE FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY 2005 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I, Muhammad Ziauddin, do solemnly declare that the Research Work Titled “Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: A Historical Study During 1526 A.D to 1707 A.D” is hereby submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy and it has not been submitted elsewhere for any Degree. The said research work was carried out by the undersigned under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Baloch, Director, Area Study Centre for Middle East & Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. Muhammad Ziauddin CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Muhammad Ziauddin has worked under my supervision for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His research work is original. He fulfills all the requirements to submit the accompanying thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Research Supervisor & Director Area Study Centre For Middle East & Arab Countries University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Mansur Akbar Kundi Dean Faculty of State Sciences University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. d DEDICATED TO THE UNFORGETABLE MEMORIES OF LATE PROF. MUHAMMAD ASLAM BALOCH OF HISTORY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN, QUETTA PAKISTAN e ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all I must thank to Almighty Allah, who is so merciful and beneficent to all of us, and without His will we can not do anything; it is He who guide us to the right path, and give us sufficient knowledge and strength to perform our assigned duties.
    [Show full text]
  • In New Year Addressing Rouhani As “Dear Brother”, Erdogan Said, “I Wholeheartedly Wish That Norouz Bring the 1 Elections
    Iran’s ties with Assad says Austrian bank signs Khayyam statue finally Pakistan are friendly: Erdogan’s army MoU with Iran to boost set up at University of 21012embassy 3 NATION INTERNATIONAL fighting in Syria SOCIETY environmental co-op ART& CULTURE Oklahoma WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y Iran won’t seek ‘permission’ to upgrade defense capability 2 12 Pages Price 10,000 Rials 37th year No.12517 Saturday APRIL 2, 2016 Farvardin 14, 1395 Jumada Al Thani 23, 1437 Iran, Austria Saddam ink deals Leader: Economy is ‘first may have worth $2 not attacked billion priority’ in new year Iran if we ECONOMY TEHRAN — The had missiles: deskIranian Chamber Ayatollah Khamenei declares 1395 the year of “Resistance Economy: Action and Implementation” of Commerce, Industries, Mines, and POLITICAL TEHRAN — Zarif Agriculture (ICCIMA) and the Austrian In a congratulato- priority” and declared 1395 the year of “Resistance economy is the most urgent and essential one.” deskry new year message on March Economy: Action and Implementation”. Ayatollah Khamenei also said economy chamber of commerce, Wirtschafts- POLITICAL TEHRAN — In kammer Österreich (WKO), signed deals 20 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of In his TV message the Leader said, “When should be self-reliant with a major focus on do- the Islamic Revolution, said economy is the “first we look at priorities, we see that the issue of mestic production. deskcomments posted worth $2 billion in Vienna on Thursday. on his tweeter on March 15 Foreign The deals, including 8 cooperation See page 2,9 Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said agreements in automotive, steel, med- if Iran had missiles former Iraqi dic- icine, and engineering, were signed by tator Saddam Hussein may not have ICCIMA President Mohsen Jalalpour invaded the nascent Islamic Republic and WKO President Christoph Leitl, the in 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • TAKING BACK the NEIGHBORHOOD the IRGC Provincial Guard’S Mission to Re-Islamize Iran
    THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY n JUNE 2020 n PN81 Saeid Golkar TAKING BACK THE NEIGHBORHOOD The IRGC Provincial Guard’s Mission to Re-Islamize Iran During 2019, the Islamic Republic of Iran erupted in nearly simultaneous public protests in cities across the country. Thousands of citizens stopped traffic along major highways, marched, and shouted complaints about the gasoline price hike that had ostensibly sparked the demonstrations in the first place. They also aired their broader complaints against the leadership. Indeed, more than forty years after the country’s Islamic Revolution, the Iranian regime has become more repressive than ever, with an apparatus that attempts to reach into every facet of life and society. The protests, for their part, were brutally quelled through force. This was a familiar experience for Iranians seeking to express their displeasure. Scholars and journalists have produced a growing body of literature on political repression in Iran and the regime’s oppressive tools, including the police and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in general.1 © 2020 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. SAEID GOLKAR But these studies focus mainly on the IRGC’s 1979, to protect itself against a possible coup by military and security role and its five official divisions: Iran’s conventional army, the Artesh. At the beginning the IRGC Ground Forces (IRGC-GF), Aerospace of the Iran-Iraq War, in September 1980, the IRGC Force (IRGC-ASF), Navy (IRGCN), Qods Force was rapidly expanded to include ten departments. It (IRGC-QF),2 and Basij organization.3 Only a handful incorporated the National Mobilization (Basij-e Melli), of studies cover the IRGC’s role in political suppression which was created independently several months and maintaining state control, leaving a gap in the earlier, on April 30, 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    Evaluation of CDWA Balochistan Component P&DD/UNICEF Joint Evaluation 1 Evaluation of CDWA Balochistan Component P&DD/UNICEF Joint Evaluation Photo Credits: Survey team Disclaimer: The views and opinion expressed in this report are those of the consultants and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNICEF and/or other organizations involved in the programme. 2 Evaluation of CDWA Balochistan Component P&DD/UNICEF Joint Evaluation TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page no. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE EVALUATION 15 1.1 Background to Clean Drinking Water in Balochistan 15 1.2 Object of the Evaluation: Clean Drinking Water for All Project 18 CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 23 2.1 Purpose and Objectives 23 2.2 Theory of Change 23 2.3 Evaluation Scope 25 2.4 Users of the Evaluation and Associated Dissemination 26 2.5 Evaluation Criteria 27 2.6 Evaluation Framework and Key Questions 27 2.7 Methodology overview 28 2.8 Challenges and Risks 35 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS 38 3.1 Overview of Findings against the Hypothesis and Key Evaluation 38 Questions 3.2 Relevance 41 3.3 Effectiveness 45 3.4 Efficiency 51 3.5 Outcomes 56 3.6 Sustainability 57 3.7 HRBA, Equity and Gender 58 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 60 4.1 Conclusion 60 4.2 Lessons learnt 61 4.3 Recommendations 61 ANNEXURES Appendix 1:ToR Evaluation of the Clean Drinking for All (CDWA) Project in 65 Balochistan Appendix 2:Evaluation ToR Annex-1: List of 409 CDWA Water Filtration 77 Plants Appendix 3: Evaluation
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73- 26,788
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs' if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Nemesis: Oil and Missiles in the 21St Century (Part 1)
    ! 1! ! NEMESIS: OIL AND MISSILES IN THE 21st CENTURY PART 1 of 3 SERIALIZED STUDY BY – CAPT. David L.O. Hayward Australian Army Reserve (Retd.) ! ! ! ! ! 2! NEMESIS: OIL AND MISSILES IN THE 21st CENTURY “The country that faced down the tyranny of fascism and communism is now called to challenge the tyranny of oil”, Barack Obama, Detroit Economic Club, May 2007. Introduction Strangulation of the ‘umbilical cord’, our essential global oil supply conduit from the Arabian Gulf to major oil-consuming nations in SE Asia, could gradually choke out our life on our vulnerable planet. Are we already doomed? This paper undertakes a brief historical analysis as to how oil supply contingency was initially perceived, mentions the Oil Tanker War, and discusses the global oil supply chain. The paper focuses on the increasing militarism amongst those oil consumer nations dependent largely upon Middle East hydrocarbons supply. The “Arab Spring” is highlighted together with a cursory analysis of the civil war in Syria. The paper reviews the missile and anti-missile shield arms race, and the geopolitical, economic and military implications for the West before the end of the 21st Century. Chinese perspectives are stated, analysed and broadly critiqued. Cursory findings and conclusions are advanced including suggested reforms to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Recent history has portrayed the never ending struggle for oil supply. In earlier times, the battle for oil supply amongst competing oil-consumer nations was often backed up by intrusive gunboat diplomacy and naval blockade. Today, it is under a much greater threat from missile deployments, and from high speed offshore patrol vessels (OPV) armed with limited-theatre anti-ship missiles (ASBM) and other sophisticated weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Deficit (Mm) in the Dasht-E- Kawir and Its Margin 459
    Durham E-Theses A geographical analysis of the rural economy in the margins of the Dasht-E-Kawir, central Iran: a case study of the Abuzaid-Abad area Hajiluie, Masoud Mahdavi How to cite: Hajiluie, Masoud Mahdavi (1983) A geographical analysis of the rural economy in the margins of the Dasht-E-Kawir, central Iran: a case study of the Abuzaid-Abad area, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7587/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RURAL ECONOMY IN THE MARGINS OF THE DASHT-E-KAWIR, CENTRAL IRAN : A CASE STUDY OF THE ABUZAID-ABAD AREA by MASOUD MAHDAVI HAJILUIE B.A., M.A. (Tehran) The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Gènes Et Mythes Littéraires : Pour Un Modèle Biologique Du Dynamisme Mythique Abolghasem Ghiasizarch
    Gènes et mythes littéraires : pour un modèle biologique du dynamisme mythique Abolghasem Ghiasizarch To cite this version: Abolghasem Ghiasizarch. Gènes et mythes littéraires : pour un modèle biologique du dynamisme mythique. Littératures. Université de Grenoble, 2011. Français. NNT : 2011GRENL001. tel- 00596834 HAL Id: tel-00596834 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596834 Submitted on 30 May 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Imaginaire Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par « Abol Ghasem / GHIASIZARCH » Thèse dirigée par « Philippe / WALTER » préparée au sein du Laboratoire CRI – Centre de Recherche sur l’Imaginaire (EA 610) dans l'École Doctorale Langues, Littératures et Sciences Humaines GÈNES ET MYTHES LITTÉRAIRES : POUR UN MODÈLE BIOLOGIQUE DU DYNAMISME MYTHIQUE Thèse soutenue publiquement le « 14 janvier 2011», devant le jury composé de : M. Jean Bruno RENARD Professeur à l’Université Montpellier 3, Président M. Claude THOMASSET Professeur à l’Université Paris IV Sorbonne, Rapporteur M. Philippe WALTER Professeur à l’Université Grenoble 3, Membre GÈNES ET MYTHES LITTÉRAIRES : POUR UN MODÈLE BIOLOGIQUE DU DYNAMISME MYTHIQUE 2 REMERCIEMENT Qui ne remercie pas le peuple, ne remercie pas Dieu non plus.
    [Show full text]