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Iran's Evolving Military Forces
CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 To download further data: CSIS.ORG To contact author: [email protected] Iran's Evolving Military Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy July 2004 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. Cordesman: Iran's Military forces 7/15/2004 Page ii Table of Contents I. IRAN AND THE GULF MILITARY BALANCE: THE “FOUR CORNERED” BALANCING ACT..........1 The Dynamics of the Gulf Military Balance ..........................................................................................................1 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NORTH GULF ........................................................................................................................2 II. IRAN’S ERRATIC MILITARY MODERNIZATION.......................................................................................9 THE IRANIAN ARMY ...................................................................................................................................................9 THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS CORPS (PASDARAN).................................................................................14 THE QUDS (QODS) FORCES ......................................................................................................................................15 THE BASIJ AND OTHER PARAMILITARY FORCES ......................................................................................................15 THE IRANIAN -
US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat
IDSA Monograph Series No. 9 December 2012 In Pursuit of a Shield: US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat S. Samuel C. Rajiv US, MISSILE DEFENCE AND THE IRAN THREAT | 1 IDSA Monograph Series No. 9 December 2012 In Pursuit of a Shield: US, Missile Defence and the Iran Threat S. Samuel C. Rajiv 2 | IDSA MONOGRAPH SERIES Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA). ISBN: 978-93-82169-08-6 Disclaimer: It is certified that views expressed and suggestions made in this Monograph have been made by the author in his personal capacity and do not have any official endorsement. First Published: December 2012 Price: Rs. 299/- Published by: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Delhi Cantt., New Delhi - 110 010 Tel. (91-11) 2671-7983 Fax.(91-11) 2615 4191 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.idsa.in Cover & Layout by: Geeta Kumari Printed by: Omega Offset 83, DSIDC Complex, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase I New Delhi-110 020 Mob. 8826709969, 8802887604 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.omegaoffset.co.nr US, MISSILE DEFENCE AND THE IRAN THREAT | 3 Contents Acknolwedgement.......................................................................................5 I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................7 II. US AND IRAN: THREE DECADES OF CONTENTIOUS RELATIONS..................................................10 III. US STRATEGIC ASSESSMENTS AND IRAN.....................16 Missile Threat Nuclear Threat IV. -
Hezbollah's Syrian Quagmire
Hezbollah’s Syrian Quagmire BY MATTHEW LEVITT ezbollah – Lebanon’s Party of God – is many things. It is one of the dominant political parties in Lebanon, as well as a social and religious movement catering first and fore- Hmost (though not exclusively) to Lebanon’s Shi’a community. Hezbollah is also Lebanon’s largest militia, the only one to maintain its weapons and rebrand its armed elements as an “Islamic resistance” in response to the terms of the Taif Accord, which ended Lebanon’s civil war and called for all militias to disarm.1 While the various wings of the group are intended to complement one another, the reality is often messier. In part, that has to do with compartmen- talization of the group’s covert activities. But it is also a factor of the group’s multiple identities – Lebanese, pan-Shi’a, pro-Iranian – and the group’s multiple and sometimes competing goals tied to these different identities. Hezbollah insists that it is Lebanese first, but in fact, it is an organization that always acts out of its self-interests above its purported Lebanese interests. According to the U.S. Treasury Department, Hezbollah also has an “expansive global network” that “is sending money and operatives to carry out terrorist attacks around the world.”2 Over the past few years, a series of events has exposed some of Hezbollah’s covert and militant enterprises in the region and around the world, challenging the group’s standing at home and abroad. Hezbollah operatives have been indicted for the murder of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri by the UN Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) in The Hague,3 arrested on charges of plotting attacks in Nigeria,4 and convicted on similar charges in Thailand and Cyprus.5 Hezbollah’s criminal enterprises, including drug running and money laundering from South America to Africa to the Middle East, have been targeted by law enforcement and regulatory agen- cies. -
List of Signatories Family Members of the Victims and Former Political
List of Signatories Family Members of the Victims and Former Political Prisoners 1 Abani, Ali Former Political Prisoner, Political Activist and University Professor 2 Alavi, Dr. Hossain Physician and brother of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 3 Alavi, Edina M. Family member of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 4 Alavi, Laleh Sister of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 5 Alavi, Mark M. Brother of the victim Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 6 Alavi, Ramin Nephew of the victims Mehdi Alavi Shushtari 7 Alizadeh, Solmaz Daughter of the victim Mahmoud Alizadeh 8 Bakian, Hasti Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 9 Bakian, Kayhan Nephew of the victim Bijan Bazargan 10 BaniAsad, Hanna Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 11 BaniAsad, Leila Niece of the victim Bijan Bazargan 12 Bazargan, Babak Brother of the victim Bijan Bazargan 13 Bazargan, Banafsheh Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 14 Bazargan, Dr. Niloofar Physician and sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 15 Bazargan, Laleh Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan 16 Bazargan, Lawdan Former Political Prisoner & Sister of the victim Bijan Bazargan & Political & Human Rights Activist 17 Behkish, Mansureh Former Political Prisoner & Sister of the Victims Zahra Behkish, Mohammad Reza Behkish, Mohsen Behkish, Mohammad Ali Behkish, Mahmoud Behkish and Sister- in-Law of victim Siamak Asadian 18 Boroumand, Dr. Ladan Co-founder of the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation; Daughter of the Victim Abdorrahman Boroumand 19 Boroumand, Dr. Roya Executive Director of the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation; Daughter of the Victim Abdorrahman Boroumand 20 Damavandi, Ali Brother of the victim Mohammad Seyed Mohesen Damavandi 21 Damghani, Saman Family Member of one of the Victims of 1988 22 Ebrahim Zadeh, Bagher Brother of the victim Dr. -
Iran Under Khatami
IRAN UNDER KHATAMI A Political, Economic, and Military Assessment Patrick Clawson Michael Eisenstadt Eliyahu Kanovsky David Menashri A Washington Institute Monograph THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, re- cording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 1998 by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 1998 in the United States of America by the Washing- ton Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Iran under Khatami: a political, economic, and military assess- ment / Patrick L. Clawson ... [et al.]. p. cm. ISBN 0-944029-27-2 (pbk.) 1. Iran—Politics and government—1997- 2. Khatami, Muhammad. 3. Iran—Economic conditions—1997- 4. Iran—Foreign relations—1997- 5. Iran—Military policy. I. Clawson, Patrick, 1951- . DS318.9.I73 1998 955.05'43—dc21 98-39718 CIP Cover design by Monica Neal Hertzman. Cover image AFP Photo/ Jamshid Bairami/Corbis. CONTENTS Contributors v Preface vii 1 The Khatami Paradox Patrick Clawson 1 2 Whither Iranian Politics? The Khatami Factor David Menashri 13 3 Iran's Sick Economy Prospects for Change under Khatami Eliyahu Kanovsky 53 4 The Military Dimension Michael Eisenstadt 71 5 Opportunities and Challenges for U.S. Policy Patrick Clawson and Michael Eisenstadt 99 CONTRIBUTORS Patrick Clawson is director for research at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy and senior editor of the Middle East Quarterly. -
The Gulf Military Balance in 2019: a Graphic Analysis
Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy The Gulf Military Balance in 2019: A Graphic Analysis Anthony H. Cordesman and Abdullah Toukan With the Assistance of Max Molot Working Paper: Please send comments to [email protected] REVISED December 9, 2019 Photo: ARASH KHAMOUSHI/AFP/ Getty Images Introduction 2 The military balance in the Gulf region has become steadily more complex with time. Conventional forces have been been reshaped by massive arms transfers, and changes in major weapons, technology, and virtually every aspect of joint warfare, command and control, sensors, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems. Missile warfare is changing radically as diverse mixes of ballistic and cruise missiles, UAVs and UCAVs, and missiles are deployed. Precision-guided, conventionally armed missiles are becoming a key aspect of regional forces, and so are missile defenses. The threat of nuclear pro0liferation remains, and at least one state – Iran - is a declared chemical weapons power while the Assad regime in Syria has made repeated use of chemical weapons At the same time, asymmetric forces, “proxy” forces, and various forms of military advisory and support missions are playing a growing role in local conflicts and gray area operations. So are local militia and security forces – often divided within a given Gulf state by sect and ethnicity. Terrorist and extremist forces continue pose serious threats, as do political tensions and upheavals, and the weaknesses and failures of some regional governments to meet the needs of their people. The most serious sources of Gulf conflicts are now the tensions between Iran and the Arab Gulf states, and the role played by terrorists and extremists, but civil war and insurgencies remain an additional threat - as does the links between Iran, Syria, and the Hezbollah. -
List of Candidates to Be Interviewed for Engagement As Business Correspondents-Locations Kupwara
LIST OF CANDIDATES TO BE INTERVIEWED FOR ENGAGEMENT AS BUSINESS CORRESPONDENTS-LOCATIONS KUPWARA S. NO NAME OF CANDIDATE ADDRESS DISTRICT CONTACT NUMBER Date on interview 1 JAVID AHMAD BHAT SARMARG HANDWARA KUPWARA 7006970673 02.08.2021 2 TARIQ AHMAD BEIGH WARSUN KUPWARA KUPWARA 7006535265 02.08.2021 GUNDISANA HAIHAMA 3 FASIL AHMAD BHAT KUPWARA 6005813365 02.08.2021 KUPWARA GUNDISANA HAIHAMA 4 SAJAD AHMAD BHAT KUPWARA 9622573319 02.08.2021 KUPWARA To contact immediately nodal officer Zonal office J&K Bank 5 BASIT MOHAMMAD BHAT DRUGMULLA KUPWARA KUPWARA 6006059167 Sopore 6 JAFFAR MOHI U DIN VILGAM KUPWARA KUPWARA 7051362494 02.08.2021 7 WASEEM AHMAD LONE TREHGAM KUPWARA KUPWARA 9149853155 02.08.2021 8 JAVEED AHMAD LONE TREHGAM KUPWARA KUPWARA 9906892645 02.08.2021 To contact immediately nodal officer Zonal office J&K Bank 9 AQUIB AHAD LONE GULGAM KUPWARA KUPWARA 7006728227 Sopore 10 KHURSHEED AHMAD DAR MAGAM HANDWARA KUPWARA 7780958711 02.08.2021 11 RAYEES AHMAD LONE RADBUGHA KUPWARA KUPWARA 9149406187 02.08.2021 12 ADIL YASEEN GUZRIYAL KUPWARA KUPWARA 7006839372 02.08.2021 13 UMER BASHIR MIR KRALPORA KUPWARA KUPWARA 9682565815 02.08.2021 14 FAYAZ AHMAD RATHER KRALPORA KUPWARA KUPWARA 9797730032 02.08.2021 DARD SUN RESH GUND 15 TANVEER AHMAD RATHER KUPWARA 7006040521 02.08.2021 KUPWARA AWATHKULLA NUTNUSA 16 GHULAM NABI PUNZOO KUPWARA 7889910042 02.08.2021 KUPWARA 17 FAROOQ AHMAD MALIK VILGAM KUPWARA KUPWARA 9596010714 02.08.2021 To contact immediately nodal officer Zonal office J&K Bank 18 ISHFAQ BASHIR CHOTIPORA HANDWARA KUPWARA 9906668488 -
The Iranian Missile Challenge
The Iranian Missile Challenge By Anthony H. Cordesman Working Draft: June 4, 2019 Please provide comments to [email protected] SHAIGAN/AFP/Getty Images The Iranian Missile Challenge Anthony H. Cordesman There is no doubt that Iran and North Korea present serious security challenges to the U.S. and its strategic partners, and that their missile forces already present a major threat within their respective regions. It is, however, important to put this challenge in context. Both nations have reason to see the U.S. and America's strategic partners as threats, and reasons that go far beyond any strategic ambitions. Iran is only half this story, but its missile developments show all too clearly why both countries lack the ability to modernize their air forces, which has made them extremely dependent on missiles for both deterrence and war fighting. They also show that the missile threat goes far beyond the delivery of nuclear weapons, and is already becoming far more lethal and effective at a regional level. This analysis examines Iran's view of the threat, the problems in military modernization that have led to its focus on missile forces, the limits to its air capabilities, the developments in its missile forces, and the war fighting capabilities provided by its current missile forces, its ability to develop conventionally armed precision-strike forces, and its options for deploying nuclear-armed missiles. IRAN'S PERCEPTIONS OF THE THREAT ...................................................................................................... 2 IRAN'S INFERIORITY IN ARMS IMPORTS ................................................................................................... 3 THE AIR BALANCE OVERWHELMINGLY FAVORS THE OTHER SIDES ........................................................... 4 IRAN (AND NORTH KOREA'S) DEPENDENCE ON MISSILES ........................................................................ -
The Iran Backed Houthi Rebels Took Over the Yemeni Capital in September 2014 After Ousting President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi
1 The Houthi "September offensive" against Saudi Arabia Shaul Shay (Senior research fellow at the International Institute for Counterterrorism (ICT) at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and former deputy head of Israel’s National Security Council) Copyright: Research Institute for European and American Studies (www.rieas.gr) Publication date: 19 September 2020 Note: The article reflects the opinion of the author and not necessarily the views of the Research Institute for European and American Studies (RIEAS) The Iran backed Houthi rebels took over the Yemeni capital in September 2014 after ousting President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi. The Saudi lead coalition intervened in March 2015 to restore Hadi to power, sparking a war which has killed more than 100,000 people, displaced millions and still far from being over. The Houthi rebels claimed on September 10, 2020, they had launched an attack on an "important target" in Riyadh with ballistic missiles and drones. Spokesman for the Houthi military claimed that a Zulfikar ballistic missile and three Samad-3 drones were used to target a key site in the Saudi capital. "The attacks are a response to the enemy's permanent escalation and its continuing blockade against our country," he said on Twitter. He vowed to launch further attacks on the kingdom if Riyadh "continues its aggression" against Yemen. Saudi Arabia did not confirm the attacks.1 Earlier on the same day (September 10, 2020), the Arab Coalition intercepted and destroyed an explosive-laden drone launched from Yemen by the Houthi militia toward Najran in Saudi Arabia. 2 The attack on Riyadh followed five drone and missile attacks towards Saudi Arabia during the last week (6 – 11 September 2020). -
Sr. Form No. Name Parentage Address District Category MM MO
Modified General Merit list of candidates who have applied for admission to B.Ed. prgoramme (Kashmir Chapter) offered through Directorate of Distance Education, University of Kashmir session-2018 Sr. Form No. Name Parentage Address District Category MM MO %age 1 1892469 TABASUM GANI ABDUL GANI GANAIE NAZNEENPORA TRAL PULWAMA OM 1170 1009 86.24 2 1898382 ZARKA AMIN M A PAMPORI BAGH-I-MEHTAB SRINAGAR OM 10 8.54 85.40 3 1891053 MAIDA MANZOOR MANZOOR AHMAD DAR BATENGOO KHANABAL ANANTNAG ANANTNAG OM 500 426 85.20 4 1892123 FARHEENA IFTIKHAR IFTIKHAR AHMAD WANI AKINGAM ANANTNAG ANANTNAG OM 1000 852 85.20 5 1891969 PAKEEZA RASHID ABDUL RASHID WANI SOGAM LOLAB KUPWARA OM 10 8.51 85.10 6 1893162 SADAF FAYAZ FAYAZ AHMAD SOFAL SHIRPORA ANANTNAG OM 100 85 85.00 BASRAH COLONY ELLAHIBAGH 7 1895017 ROSHIBA RASHID ABDUL RASHID NAQASH BUCHPORA SRINAGAR OM 10 8.47 84.70 8 1894448 RUQAYA ISMAIL MOHAMMAD ISMAIL BHAT GANGI PORA, B.K PORA, BADGAM BUDGAM OM 10 8.44 84.40 9 1893384 SHAFIA SHOWKET SHOWKET AHMAD SHAH BATAMALOO SRINAGAR OM 10 8.42 84.20 BABA NUNIE GANIE, 10 1893866 SAHREEN NIYAZ MUNSHI NIYAZ AHMAD KALASHPORA,SRINAGAR SRINAGAR OM 900 756 84.00 11 1893858 UZMA ALTAF MOHD ALTAF MISGAR GULSHANABAD K.P ROAD ANANTNAG ANANTNAG OM 1000 837 83.70 12 1893540 ASMA RAMZAN BHAT MOHMAD RAMZAN BHAT NAGBAL GANDERBAL GANDERBAL OM 3150 2630 83.49 13 1895633 SEERATH MUSHTAQ MUSHTAQ AHMED WANI DEEWAN COLONY ISHBER NISHAT SRINAGAR OM 1900 1586 83.47 14 1891869 SANYAM VIPIN SETHI ST.1 FRIENDS ENCLAVE FAZILKA OTHER STATE OSJ 2000 1666 83.30 15 1895096 NADIYA AHAD ABDUL AHAD LONE SOGAM LOLAB KUPWARA OM 10 8.33 83.30 16 1892438 TABASUM ASHRAF MOHD. -
Cold War Armored Fighting Vehicles Free
FREE COLD WAR ARMORED FIGHTING VEHICLES PDF George Bradford | 96 pages | 26 Nov 2010 | Stackpole Books | 9780811706780 | English | Mechanicsburg, United States Cold War Tanks and Armoured Vehicles JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. To counter the Soviet threat and that of their client States during the Cold War yearsthe American military deployed an impressive range of main battle tanks MBTs and armoured fighting vehicles AFVs. In support were armoured reconnaissance vehicles, progressively the M41 bull dog ; the Mthe M Sheridan and M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle Expert Cold War Armored Fighting Vehicles Michael Green covers all these vehicles and their variants in this informative and superbly illustrated Images of War Cold War Armored Fighting Vehicles work. The author has provided nice bite sized chunks of information on a huge swath of armour and presents it in an interesting manner. Michael Green is a very knowledgeable author on the subject of armoured vehicles and this is another very good addition to his contributions for the Images of War series. This website requires cookies to provide all of its features. For more information on what data is contained in the cookies, please see our Cookie Policy. To accept cookies from this site, please click the Allow Cookies button below. Fighting Vehicles of the Cold War Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. -
Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism
Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.