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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73- 26,788 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs' if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73- 26,788 CONN, Cary Corwin, 1941- JOHN PORTER BROWN, FATHER OF TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS, AN OHIOAN AT THE SUBLIME PORTE, 1832-1872. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Biography University Microfilms. A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Cary Corwin Conn 1973 JOHN PORTES BROIVN, FATHER OF TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS, AN OHIOAN AT THE SUBLIME FORTE, 1832-1872 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cary Corwin Conn, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1973 Approved by I Adviser rtraent of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The preparation of any major research paper is at best a highly rewarding experience for the writer, but also a long trying process under which nerves are drawn taunt and endurance itself questioned from both a physical and mental point of view. Time seems to weigh continually heavy and pass all to rapidly for everything that must be accomplished, in a period limited by financial and educational restrictions and intensified by personal ambitions. Under these conditions one can hold himself apart as being most fortunate as I do, in have had around me persons who have been tolerant, understanding, and helpful. It was expected that my family would continue to hold faith in my ability, and not falter in their support and encouragement of my efforts, for they had never failed in the past, nor have they ever. For being themselves they hold my love and grateful appreciation. But, whereas I have long ago ceased glancing backward to see if parental hands were there to cushion me, I never cease to be amsized and feel honored to find another set giving both support and guidance. To Professor Sydney Fisher I owe more than mere gratitude, for as my graduate adviser I could not expect from him what I had of my family, yet I found it and more. As one among a number of graduate students, I never felt denied access to his time or council. His ability to inspire, engender self-confidence, and promote activity were essential to my efforts eind development. His continued concern brought cadence to my research and writing, and his hours of reading brought greater clerity to ray dissertation. I shall always hold he and Mrs. Fisher in hipest regards as friends and mentors. Among those deserving of recognition are the fellow graduate students pursuing similar projects, from several countries as well as from all over the United States, who helped to fill the intervals when solitude was least desired. Them and of them especially Mr. and Mrs. James Braden go a large debt of gratitude for which thanks seems quite inadequate. Their companionship and exchange of ideas played no small part in my efforts. While these people provided me with the proper mental attitude a cadre of research personnel assisted me in finding the factual material crucial to the development of this work. Special credit must go to the following institutions: Chillicothe Gazette, Connecticut State Historical Society, Connecticut State Library, Delaware State Historical Society, Houghton and Widener Libraries at Harvard University, Library of Congress, National Archives, National Portrait Gallery, Ohio Historical Society Library, Ohio State Library, Ohio State University Library, Pennsylvania State Historical Society Library, Ross County Historical Society (Chillicothe, Ohio), University of Rochester Library, Western Reserve Historical Society Library, and York County Historical Society (York, Pennsylvania), for readily providing me with access to the manuscripts and documents in their collections through the warm and friendly assistance of highly competent staff members. iv I also wish to thank Professors John Randall, Mary Young and Marvin R. Zanhiser for taking time out of their busy schedules to serve on my reading committee. To all goes a very large, "Thank You". VITA October 9» 19^1 . Born - Lima, Ohio 1963 .......... • • B.A., Ohio Northern University Ada, Ohio 1963-1964 .......... Law School, The Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 1 9 6 6 . M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1969-1972 .......... Teaching Associate, Department of History The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Middle Eastern History Middle Eastern History. Professor Sydney N. Fisher Middle Eastern Geography. Professor John Randall Tudor and Stuart England. Professor R. Clayton Roberts TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................ ü VITA ................................................... V LIST OF CHARTS......................................... vii ABBREVIATIONS ......................................... viii INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 Chapter I. A YOUNG MAN AND A NEW LEGATION................... 6 II. PROSPECTUS IN PROSPECTIVE ......................... 42 III. ADJUSTMENTS WITH A NEW C H I E F ..................... 69 IV. APPLAUSE AND MISGIVINGS........................... 100 V. DUTY DONE - REWARDS D E N I E D ....................... 1)8 VI. REQUIEM FOR A CIVIL SERVANT....................... I85 EPILOGUE,....................................... 235 CONCLUSION................................... 241 CHARTS ..... 246 APPENDIX 1..................................................... 261 II..................................................... 268 III..................................................... 282 IV..................................................... 285 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MATERIALS CITED ........................ 291 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN PORTER BROWN'S KNOWN WORKS ......... 295 vi LIST OF CHARTS I. THE TV/ELVE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Under V/hora John Porter Brown Served ...... 246 II. TWENTY THREE SECRETARIES OF STATE AND ASSISTANTS, Who Served During John Porter Brown's Tenure in Office...................................... 24? III. THE EIGHT AMERICAN MINISTERS TO TURKEY With Whom John Porter Brown S e r v e d ............. 248 IV. JOHN PORTER BROWN'S SERVICE RECORD ............... 249 V. GENEALOGICAL CHART................. 250 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FOOTNOTES HUHL Harvard University, Houghton Library. LOMD Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division. URRRL University of Rochester, Rush Rhees Library. USCC United States, National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Consular Correspondence. USCD United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Consular Despatches. USDD United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Diplomatic Despatches. USDF United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Dragoman's File. USDl United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Diplomatic Instructions USMCD United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Miscellaneous Correspondence of the Department. USMCL United States, National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Miscellaneous Correspondence of the Legation. USMCR United States. National Archives. Reports of the Department of State, Miscellaneous Correspondence Received at the Legation. V/RHSL Western Reserve Historical Society Library. INTRODUCTION "Not withstanding the Ottoman Empire is an European government, and is not farther from the center of Europe than St. Petersburg is, still but little is known respecting it to general readers. It has, heretofore, been regarded as a barbarous government, and as containing a people almost beyond the bounds of civilized life. Less correct information is therefore, possessed by Europeans,
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