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PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA Vol 22 No 4 Winter / December 2008 Zemestan 1377 AY - 3746 ZRE President Bomi Patel www.fezana.org Editor in Chief: Dolly Dastoor 2 Editorial [email protected] Technical Assistant: Coomi Gazdar Dolly Dastoor Consultant Editor: Lylah M. Alphonse, 5 Financial Report [email protected] 7 FEZANA Update Graphic & Layout: Shahrokh Khanizadeh, www.khanizadeh.info 16 BPP Election 2008: Pulse of the Parsis Cover design: Feroza Fitch, [email protected] Publications Chair: Behram Pastakia Columnists: 38 Celebrations Hoshang Shroff: [email protected] Shazneen Rabadi Gandhi : Mama School; Silver Jubilee, ZAMC; Joy of [email protected] Mehrgan Fereshteh Khatibi: [email protected] Behram Panthaki: [email protected] Behram Pastakia: [email protected] Mahrukh Motafram: [email protected] 52 Travel Nikan Khatibi: [email protected] Copy editors: R Mehta, V Canteenwalla 80 In The News Subscription Managers: 94 Interfaith /Interalia Kershaw Khumbatta : [email protected] 100 North American Mobeds’ Council Arnavaz Sethna: [email protected] 109 Youthfully Speaking Spring 2009 Celebrating Human Rights 60 years of 112 Personal Profile Achievements and Challenges Guest Editor NIAZ KASRAVI 115 Sunday Story from the Shahnameh Photo on cover: 117 Milestones s s 120 Between the Covers 129 Business Dae –Behman – Spendarmad 1377 AY (Fasli) Amordad – Shehrever- Meher 1378 AY (Shenshai) Shehrever – Meher – Avan 1378 AY (Kadmi) Cover design Opinions expressed in the FEZANA Journal do not necessarily reflect the Feroza Fitch views of FEZANA or members of this publication's editorial board. of Published at Regal Press, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Lexicongraphics FEZANA Journal Vo 22 No 4 ISBN 1068-2376 (USPS 021-495) published quarterly by FEZANA 5750 S. Jackson St Hinsdale Il 60521-5109. Periodical postage rate is paid at Oakbrook, IL 60523 and at additional mailing offices. Annual subscription $15 (US) ; $20 (Canada); $30 (surface) and $50 (air) for other countries; details on subscription Form. POSTMASTER: send changes to Fezana Journal, 8787 W. Airport Blvd. Houston, TX 77071 1 FEZANA JOURNAL – Winter 2008 A word from the Editor Dolly Dastoor e are living in unprecedented times where we there is a slightly higher saw history being made all around the world incidence of intra marriages than W from the election in US to the universal adult intermarriages. franchise in the Parsi/Zarathushti community in And again in the same Mumbai. Both were elections of monumental historical editorial, it is alleged that the importance. Elections when carried out through a children of these marriages democratic process are an expression of the will of the even after being accepted with people. And that “will” is influenced by several factors, open arms by the community religion, economic crisis, financial strength of the “have drifted away and broken candidates, bad management, fear, misinformation, their links with the Parsi-Irani and arrogance of the previous people in power, etc, Community in North America”. And we have seen this phenomenon at play all over the Then one can make an equally world in the last few decades. But never so dramatically speculative statement that as in the months of October and November 2008. young couples whether inter or intra The internet has rewritten the ways voters can be married have drifted away form the community as they reached and persuaded, how public opinion can be do not feel the relevance of the Zarathushti community molded, how supporters can be organized, how letters in their lives. There are no data to base these can be bombarded across cyberspace. I received an statements on, and they are not truly reflective of the e.mail to vote for John McCain when I live in Canada!! reality in North America. I received e.mails almost daily from Toronto on how to There can be no end to this rhetoric. It has got to vote for the elections in Mumbai!!. Blogs were created stop, if a healing process has to start to accommodate and the internet was leveraged in ways never all points of view. If not, we will be growing and going imagined. This is a challenge of a new hyperaccelarted our independent ways, which will not be of any benefit media and who knows what other technology will be in to the community. The North American community had place four or eight years from now when the new suggested a setting up of a “think-tank” over a decade elections will be upon us. ago, to look at ways and means of bridging this divide. However without the rhetoric and oratory of the And I am glad our friends in India are coming to the candidates, who excite people, you can have the same conclusion in 2008. greatest strategy and machinery and it won’t matter. By the time you read this editorial we will be on the The candidates spoke, the people listened and voted threshold of 2009. A new year!!. What will it have in with their hearts. We congratulate the elected trustees store for us, collectively, as human beings who are of the Bombay Parsi Punchayet and wish them a very tenants on this planet and as Zarathushtis who are the successful term. keepers of our faith on this planet? Let us hope that we And yet what is spun out in cyberspace is what is will all seize the opportunity provided by the put in by human beings. Interpretations are added to combination of events of the last few months to move suit one’s premise. Two pages of interpretation in the forward together on the path of ASHA towards editorial of USHTA, the Zoroastrian Studies FRESHOKERETI to meet common challenges. Let Publications, March & June ’08, on a sentence spoken this be a moment of unity and reconciliation because by Mr Rohinton Rivetna in 2008 in Mumbai at the even though we may have ideological differences, and Round Table Conference that “interfaith marriages are though passion may divide us, we are not enemies, we destroying the community”. And by analogy, the are friends, we are all on the same side. editorial paints the whole North American community I hope you enjoy reading this issue of the Journal, as having “sanctioned, praised and encouraged all which illustrates the amazing travel experiences of such marriages for over twenty-five years”. Nothing can Zarathushtis past and present between the poles. be further from the truth. No Zarathushti, including Mr Rohinton Rivetna has done so. What has been done is With my very best wishes for a very successful 2009 the acceptance of these marriages and the progenies from these marriages in the spirit of maintaining community and family harmony. If we look at the statistics published (FJ 2008 Vol 22 No 2 page 130) 2 FEZANA JOURNAL — Winter 2008 A Message from FEZANA President FEZANA Infrastructure A quest for progress and laying a physical foundation for future generations: I am very happy to inform you that the new FEZANA office opened its doors with a grand opening ceremony on August 31, 2008 in Chicago. Located adjacent to the Zoroastrian Association of Chicago Dare Meher the opening ceremony was attended by nearly 175 people. The office will facilitate the day-to-day operations of FEZANA, coordinate scholarly communications to/from Member exchange programs Associations and Corresponding and other religious and cultural initiatives. Members, and support the FEZANA It will provide the right environment for Executives and Committees. I thank, Dr. learning as well as an opportunity for Rustom Kevala, for his dedicated efforts research with up-to-date reference in setting up the office. material, and facilitate exchange of ideas The FEZANA web site has been primarily related to the Zarathushti updated with a new look and feel. Visit religion and discussions on the same. www.fezana.org and check out our new The library will house a collection of features. In the near future we will also Zarathushti manuscripts, books, publish past issues of the FEZANA magazines, scholarly research material, Journal and make it available online. I films and other audio-visual material thank Brandon Chothia for being instrumental in related to Zoroastrian history and culture. Anyone with redesigning and creating the web site. Brandon is a an Internet connection will be able to access the rich sophomore at Cal Poly University at San Luis Obispo database of information and knowledge. and an active member of ZANC. I thank Mrs. Aban Rustomji of ZAH for taking the Our next project is establishing the first FEZANA lead in setting up the FIRES. I would also like to thank Resource Center in collaboration with the Zoroastrian the Infrastructure Working Group - Shahrokh Mehta Association of Houston (ZAH). The proposed name for (Chair), Bella Tata and Neville Rustomjee for their this new undertaking is FEZANA INFORMATION guidance and reports on FEZANA infrastructure RESEARCH SYSTEM (FIRES). This project involves requirements. establishing an information center with a centralized Bomi Patel, FEZANA President library. FIRES will be an active and vibrant center for the promotion of educational, cultural, religious, and Sends its most sincere and heartfelt condolences to the families of those who have lost their lives in the brutal and indiscriminate attacks of terrorism on November 26, in Mumbai May Ahura Mazda guide us to Peaceful Existence FEZANA JOURNAL – Winter 2008 3 FEZANAFEZANA UpdateUpdate COMMUNICATION IS PEACE Behram Pastakia, Chair, Publications Committee Growing up as children in Zoroastrians encouraged to violence in Zarathushti homes, our parents teach our scriptures and in our traditions? us that tying our kushti before going How then can we reconcile ourselves out to face the world every morning is with the concept of tantamount to girding our loins like nidhiasnaitheshem recited in the Jas- soldiers who buckle their armor before me-Avenghe prayer after tying the going off to war, to fight the good fight kushti ? on the side of the good as Hamkars of A contradiction! What are we to Ahura Mazda against the forces of believe? evil.
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  • Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism

    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism

    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.